Encyclopedia of Cancer (2nd edition) - Springer Link

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Universities of Lille 1 and Lille 2. Lille. France [email protected] ..... University of Florida College of Medicine. Gainesville, FL. USA [email protected].
Encyclopedia of Cancer (2nd edition)

M ANFRED S CHWAB (Ed.)

Encyclopedia of Cancer (2nd edition)

With 979 Figures* and 210 Tables

*For color figures please see our Electronic Reference on www.springerlink.com

Editor: Manfred Schwab Professor for Genetics Director Division of Tumour Genetics (B030) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany

A C.I.P. Catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-3-540-36847-2 This publication is available also as: Electronic publication under ISBN 978-3-540-47648-1 and Print and electronic bundle under ISBN 978-3-540-47649-8 Library of Congress Control Number 2008921484 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2008 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. THIS PARAGRAPH FOR MEDICAL TITLES ONLY: Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques and medications contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 150231 2109 — 5 4 3 2 1 0

Preface To The First Edition

Cancer, although a dreadful disease, is at the same time a fascinating biological phenotype. Around 1980, cancer was first attributed to malfunctioning genes and, subsequently, cancer research has become a major area of scientific research supporting the foundations of modern biology to a great extent. To unravel the human genome sequence was one of those extraordinary tasks, which has largely been fuelled by cancer research, and many of the fascinating insights into the genetic circuits that regulate developmental processes have also emerged from research on cancer. Diverse biological disciplines such as cytogenetics, virology, cell biology, classical and molecular genetics, epidemiology, biochemistry, together with the clinical sciences, have closed ranks in their search of how cancer develops and to find remedies to stop the abnormal growth that is characteristic of cancerous cells. In the attempt to establish how, why and when cancer occurs, a plethora of genetic pathways and regulatory circuits have been discovered that are necessary to maintain general cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation and migration. Alterations of this fine-tuned network of cascades and interactions, due to endogenous failure or to exogenous challenges by environmental factors, may disable any member of such regulatory pathways. This could, for example, induce the death of the affected cell, may mark it for cancerous development or may immediately provide it with a growth advantage within a particular tissue. Recent developments have seen the merger of basic and clinical science. Of the former, particularly genetics has provided instrumental and analytical tools with which to assess the role of environmental factors in cancer, to refine and enable diagnosis prior to the development of symptoms and to evaluate the prognosis of patients. Hopefully, even better strategies for causal therapy will become available in the future. Merging the basic and clinical science disciplines towards the common goal of fighting cancer, calls for a comprehensive reference source to serve both as a tool to close the language gap between clinical and basic science investigators and as an information platform for the student and the informed layperson alike. Obviously this was an extremely ambitious goal, and the immense progress in the field cannot always be portrayed in line with the latest developments. The aim of the Encyclopedia is to provide the reader with an entrance point to a particular topic. It should be of value to both basic and clinical scientists working in the field of cancer research. Additionally both students and lecturers in the life sciences should benefit highly from this database. I therefore hope that this Encyclopedia will become an essential complement to existing science resources. The attempts to identify the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression have produced a wealth of facts, and no single individual is capable of addressing the immense breadth of the field with undisputed authority. Hence, the ‘Encyclopedic Reference of Cancer’ is the work of many authors, all of whom are experts in their fields and reputable members of the international scientific community. Each author contributed a large number of keyword definitions and in-depth essays and in so doing it was possible to cover the broad field of cancer-related topics within a single publication. Obviously this approach entails a form of presentation, in which the author has the freedom to set priorities and to promote an individual point of view. This is most obvious when it comes to nomenclature, particularly that of genes and proteins. Although the editorial intention was to apply the nomenclature of the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO), the more vigorous execution of this attempt has been left to future endeavours. In the early phase of planning the Encyclopedia, exploratory contacts to potential authors produced an overwhelmingly positive response. The subsequent contact with almost 300 contributory authors was a marvellous experience, and I am extremely grateful for their excellent and constructive cooperation. An important element in the preparation of the Encyclopedia has been the competent secretarial assistance of Hiltrud Wilbertz of the Springer-Verlag and of Ingrid Cederlund and Cornelia Kirchner of the DKFZ. With great attention to detail they helped to keep track of the technical aspects in the preparation of the manuscript. It was a pleasure to work with the Springer crew, including Dr. Rolf Lange as the Editorial Director (Medicine) and Dr. Thomas Mager, Senior Editor for Encyclopedias and Dictionaries. In particular I wish to thank Dr. Walter Reuss, who untiringly has mastered all aspects and problems associated with the management of the numerous manuscripts that were received from authors of the international scientific community. It has been satisfying and at times comforting to see how he made illustration files come alive. Thanks also to Dr. Claudia Lange who, being herself a knowledgeable cell biologist, has worked as the scientific editor. Her commitment and interest have substantially improved this Encyclopedia.

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Preface To The First Edition

As a final word, I would like to stress that although substantial efforts have been made to compose factually correct and well understandable presentations, there may be places where a definition is incomplete or a phrase in an essay is flawed. All contributors to this Encyclopedia will be extremely happy to receive possible corrections, or revisions, in order for them to be included in any future editions of the ‘Encyclopedic Reference of Cancer’. Heidelberg, September 2001 MANFRED SCHWAB

Preface To The Second Edition

Given the overwhelming success of the First Edition of the Cancer Encyclopedia, which appeared in 2001, and the amazing development in the different fields of cancer research, it has been decided to publish a second fully revised and expanded edition, following the principle concept of the first edition that has proven so successful. Recent developments are seeing a dynamic merging of basic and clinical science, with translational research increasingly becoming a new paradigm in cancer research. The merging of different basic and clinical science disciplines towards the common goal of fighting against cancer has long ago called for the establishment of a comprehensive reference source both as a tool to close the language gap between clinical and basic science investigators and as a platform of information for advanced students and informed laymen alike. It is intended to be a resource for all interested in information beyond their specific own expertise. While the First Edition had featured contributions from approximately 300 scientists/clinicians in one Volume, the Second Edition includes more than 1000 contributors in 4 Volumes with an A–Z format of more than 7000 entries. It provides definitions of common acronyms and short definitions of both related terms and processes in the form of keyword entries. A major information source are detailed essays that provide comprehensive information on syndromes, genes and molecules, and processes and methods. Each essay is well-structured, with extensive cross-referencing between entries. Essays represent original contributions by the corresponding authors, all distinguished scientists in their own field, Editorial input has been carefully restricted to formal aspects. A panel of Field Editors, each an eminent international expert for the corresponding field, has served to ensure the presentation of timely and authoritative Encyclopedia entries. These new traits are likely to meet the expectance that a wide community has towards a cancer reference works. An important element in the preparation of the Encyclopedia has been the competent support by the Springer crew, Dr. Michaela Bilic, Saskia Ellis and, lately, Jana Simniok. I am extremely grateful for their excellent and pleasant cooperation. The Cancer Encyclopedia, Second Edition, will be accessible both in print and online versions. Clinicians, research scientists and advanced students will find this an amazing resource and a highly informative reference to cancer. Heidelberg, March 15, 2008 MANFRED SCHWAB

Editor in Chief

Manfred Schwab Tumor Genetics German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

Field Editors

S TEFAN B ARTH Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Aachen Germany [email protected] PAOLO B OFFETTA Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France [email protected] G RAHAM A. C OLDITZ Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO USA [email protected]

Houston, TX USA [email protected] J OSEPH R. L ANDOLPH Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy Health Sciences Campus University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] H ENRY LYNCH Preventive Medicine and Public Health Hereditary Cancer Institute Creighton University Omaha, NE USA [email protected]

R OY J. D UHÉ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS USA [email protected]

PAUL G. M URRAY CRUK Institute for Cancer Studies The Medical School University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [email protected]

K ENT H UNTER Metastasis Susceptibility Section Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Genetics CCR/NCI/NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

S AUL S USTER The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected]

J ESPER J URLANDER Department of Hematology and the Leukemia Laboratory Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark [email protected] R AKESH K UMAR Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

A NDREW T HORBURN University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center Aurora, CO USA [email protected] M ARTIN T OBI University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Chief GI Section Philadelphia VAMC Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

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List of Contributors V ESA A ALTONEN Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland [email protected]

FARRUKH A FAQ Department of Dermatology University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center Madison, WI USA [email protected]

C ORY A BATE -S HEN Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine UMDMJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway, NJ USA [email protected]

C HAPLA A GARWAL Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, CO USA [email protected]

P HILLIP H. A BBOSH Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN USA [email protected] F RITZ A BERGER Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria [email protected] H INRICH A BKEN Tumor Genetics, Clinic I Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany [email protected] A MAL M. A BU -G HOSH Departments of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington DC, NW USA [email protected] R OSITA A CCARDI Infections and Cancer Biology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France [email protected] F ILIPPO A CCONCIA Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA IFOM The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Milan Italy

R AJESH A GARWAL Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, CO USA [email protected] PATRIZIA A GOSTINIS Catholic University of Leuven Leuven Belgium [email protected] T ERJE A HLQUIST Department of Cancer Prevention Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Centre Oslo Norway [email protected] S HAHID A HMED Saskatoon Cancer Center University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK Canada [email protected] J OOHONG A HNN Department of Life Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Buk-Gu, Gwangju Korea [email protected] C EM A KIN University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected] E NRIQUE DE A LAVA Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC Salamanca Spain [email protected]

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List of Contributors

A MI A LBIHN Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden [email protected] A DRIANA A LBINI IRCCS Multimedica Milano Italy [email protected] J ÉRÔME A LEXANDRE Faculté de Médecine Paris – Descartes UPRES 18-33, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin – Saint Vincent de Paul Paris France [email protected] S HADAN A LI Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University Detroit, MI USA [email protected] M ALCOLM R. A LISON Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry Institute of Cell and Molecular Science London UK [email protected] C ATHERINE A LIX -PANABIERES University Medical Center, Lapeyronie Hospital Montpellier France [email protected] A LISON L. A LLAN Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Program; and Departments of Oncology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada [email protected] PAOLA A LLAVENA Department of Immunology Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca Rozzano, Milan Italy [email protected] A NGEL A LONSO Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

G IANFRANCO A LPINI Departments of Medicine and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Scott & White Hospital and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center Temple TX USA [email protected]

M ARIE -C LOTILDE A LVES -G UERRA The Wistar Institute Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] P IERRE Å MAN LLCR, Department of pathology, Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy Goteborg University Gothenburg Sweden [email protected] K UROSH A MERI University of Stanford School of Medicine Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology Stanford, CA USA [email protected] M OUNIRA A MOR -G UÉRET Institut Curie – UMR 2027 CNRS Orsay Cedex France [email protected] K ENNETH C. A NDERSON Department of Medical Oncology The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harward Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected] P ETER A NGEL Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control Heidelberg Germany [email protected] A NDREA A NICHINI Department of Experimental Oncology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori Milan Italy [email protected]

List of Contributors

P ETER D. A PLAN Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

E LIAS S. J. A RNÉR Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden [email protected]

N ATALIA A PTSIAURI Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain [email protected]

S TEFANO ATERINI Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology University of Firenze Firenze Italy [email protected]

R AMI A QEILAN Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, OH USA [email protected]

M ARC A UMERCIER Institute of Biology of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille Universities of Lille 1 and Lille 2 Lille France [email protected]

T SUTOMU A RAKI Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Kawasaki and Tokyo Japan [email protected]

R ICCARDO A UTORINO Clinica Urologica Seconda Università degli Studi Napoli Italy [email protected]

S ANCHIA A RANDA School of Nursing The University of Melbourne Carlton, VIC Australia [email protected]

M ATIAS A. AVILA Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA University of Navarra Pamplona Spain [email protected]

D IEGO A RANGO Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center (CIBBIM) Valle Hebron Hospital Research Institute Barcelona Spain [email protected]

H AVA AVRAHAM Division of Experimental Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Institutes of Medicine Boston, MA USA [email protected]

D AVID J. A RATEN NYU School of Medicine NYU Cancer Institute, and the New York VA Medical Center New York, NY USA [email protected]

S HALOM AVRAHAM Division of Experimental Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Boston, MA USA [email protected]

VALENTINA A RCANGELI Department of Oncology Infermi Hospital Rimini Italy [email protected]

S ANJAY AWASTHI United States Longview Cancer Center Longview, TX USA [email protected]

G EMMA A RMENGOL Department of Pathology Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Spain [email protected]

Y OGESH C. AWASTHI Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX USA [email protected]

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M ATHIJS B AENS Centre for Human Genetics, Molecular Genetics-Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium [email protected] D EBASIS B AGCHI Department of Pharmacy Sciences Creighton University Medical Center Omaha, NE USA [email protected] X UE -TAO B AI State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, People's Republic of China [email protected]

L AURENT B ALENCI INSERM Unité Mixte 873 Grenoble Cedex 09 France [email protected] S USHANTA K. B ANERJEE Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine Kansas University of Medical Center Kansas City, KS USA [email protected] M ICHAL B ANIYASH The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem Israel [email protected]

J ÜRGEN B AJORATH Department of Life Science Informatics B-IT University of Bonn, Bonn Germany [email protected]

R ACHEL B AR -S HAVIT Department of Oncology Hadassah-University Hospital Jerusalem Israel [email protected]

S TUART G. B AKER Biometry Research Group National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

A DITYA B ARDIA Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected]

E LIZABETH K. B ALCER -K UBICZEK Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]

R AFIJUL B ARI Vascular Biology Center, Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Sciences University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN USA [email protected]

E NKE B ALDINI Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome “Sapienza” Rome Italy [email protected] G RAHAM S. B ALDWIN Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Austin Health Melbourne, VIC Australia [email protected] S HERRI B ALE GeneDx, Rockville, MD USA [email protected]

D R N ICOLA L. P. B ARNES Department of Academic Surgery South Manchester University Hospital Manchester UK R OBERT B AROUKI INSERM UMR-S 747, Université René Descartes Paris Paris, France [email protected] JM B ARROS -D IOS Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Santiago de Compostela C/San Francisco Spain [email protected]

List of Contributors

H ARRY B ARTELINK Department of Radiotherapy The Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] S TEFAN B ARTH Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Aachen Germany [email protected] H ELMUT B ARTSCH Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany [email protected] T HOMAS B ARZ Max-Panck-Institut für Psychiatrie München Germany [email protected] H OLGER B ASTIANS Philipps University Marburg Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Marburg Germany [email protected] A. B ATISTATOU Ioannina University Medical School Ioannina Greece [email protected] F. B ATTEUX Faculté de Médecine Paris – Descartes UPRES 18-33, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin – Saint Vincent de Paul Paris France [email protected] J ACQUES B AUDIER INSERM Unité Mixte 873 Grenoble Cedex 09 France [email protected] PAUL B AUER Pfizer Research Technology Center Cambridge, MA USA [email protected]

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PAIGE J. B AUGHER Department of Cancer Biology Vanderbilt University Medical School Nashville, TN USA [email protected] A SNE R. B AUSKIN Centre for Immunology, St. Vincents Hospital and Department of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW Australia [email protected] N ICOLE B EAUCHEMIN McGill Cancer Centre McGill University Montreal, Quebec Canada [email protected] J OHN F. B ECHBERGER Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC Canada [email protected] G ERHILD B ECKER Department of Internal Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology) University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg, Germany [email protected] H EINZ B ECKER Department of General and Visceral Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Germany [email protected] M ARIE E. B ECKNER Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected] C LAUS B ELKA Department of Radiation Oncology University Tübingen Tübingen Germany [email protected] M AURIZIO B ENDANDI University Clinic and Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra Pamplona Spain [email protected]

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YAACOV B EN -D AVID Division of Cancer Biology, Sunny brook Health Sciences University of Toronto Toronto, ONT Canada [email protected] S UZANNE M. B ENJES Cancer Genetics Research Group, University of Otago at Christchurch Christchurch, New Zealand [email protected] C ARMEN B ERASAIN Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA University of Navarra Pamplona Spain [email protected] A LAN B EREZOV Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] R OB J. W. B ERG University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands [email protected]

S ANCHITA B HADRA Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX USA [email protected] K UMAR M. R. B HAT Department of Dermatology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Sciences Madison, WI USA [email protected] M ALAYA B HATTACHARYA -C HATTERJEE University of Cincinnati and The Barrett Cancer Center Cincinnatti, OH USA [email protected] C ATERINA B IANCO Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] J EAN -M ICHEL B IDART Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy Villejuif and Université Paris-Sud 11, Paris France [email protected]

C ORINNA B ERGELT Institute of Medical Psychology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany [email protected]

J ACLYN A. B IEGEL The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

R ENE B ERNARDS The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected]

M ARGHERITA B IGNAMI Istituto Superiore di Sanita’ Rome Italy [email protected]

Z WI B ERNEMAN Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Antwerp University Hospital Edegem Belgium [email protected]

I RENE V. B IJNSDORP Department of Medical Oncology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected]

J ÉRÔME B ERTHERAT Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin Department of Endocrinology Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases Paris France [email protected]

C HEN B ING Division of Cellular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK [email protected]

List of Contributors

M ARC B IRKHAHN Departments of Urology and Pathology University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] G IOVANNI B LANDINO Rome Oncogenomic Center, Department of Experimental Oncology Regina Elena Cancer Institute Rome Italy [email protected] D AVID E. B LASK Bassett Research Institute The Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital Cooperstown, NY USA [email protected] J ONATHAN B LAY Department of Pharmacology Dalhousie University Halifax, NS Canada [email protected] A DRIAN J. B LOOR The Christie NHS Trust Manchester UK [email protected] J ULIAN B LOW Wellcome Trust Biocentre University of Dundee Dundee, Scotland UK [email protected] P ETER B LUME -J ENSEN Serono Reproductive Biological Institute Randolph, MA USA

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PAOLO B OFFETTA Gene-Environment Epidemiology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France [email protected] S TEFAN K. B OHLANDER Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Klinikum Großhadern Universität München München Germany [email protected] VALENTINA B OLLATI Department of Occupational and Environmental Health “Clinica del Lavoro L. Devoto” University of Milan Milan Italy [email protected] M ARIA G RAZIA B ORRELLO Department of Experimental Oncology IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Foundation Milan Italy [email protected] G IUSEPPE B ORZACCHIELLO Department of Pathology and Animal health University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy [email protected] VALERIE B OSCH Forschungsschwerpunkt Infektion und Krebs, F020 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany [email protected] C HRIS B OSHOFF Cancer Research Campaign Viral Oncology Group Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University College London London UK [email protected]

S ARAH B OCCHINI Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome “Sapienza” Rome Italy [email protected]

F RANCK B OURDEAUT Département de pédiatrie INSERM 830, Biologie et génétique des tumeurs Institut Curie Paris France [email protected]

A NN M. B ODE The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota Austin, MN USA [email protected]

J EAN -P IERRE B OURQUIN Pediatric Oncology University Children’s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland [email protected]

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J UDITH V. M. G. B OVÉE Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands J.V.M.G. [email protected]

K ATJA B ROCKE -H EIDRICH Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion medicine University Hospital of Leipzig Leipzig Germany [email protected]

N ORMAN B OYD Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research Ontario Cancer Institute Toronto, ONT Canada [email protected]

A NGELA B RODIE University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]

S VEN B RANDAU Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany [email protected] B URKHARD H. B RANDT Institute for Tumour Biology University Medical Centre Hamburg Germany [email protected] H ILTRUD B RAUCH Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University Tuebingen Stuttgart Germany [email protected] S AMUEL N. B REIT Centre for Immunology, St. Vincents Hospital and Department of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW Australia [email protected] E DWIN B REMER Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Section Medical Biology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology Groningen The Netherlands [email protected]

C HRISTOPHER L. B ROOKS Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY USA M AI N. B ROOKS Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] D AVID A. B ROWN Centre for Immunology, St. Vincents Hospital and Department of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW Australia [email protected] K AREN B ROWN Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester Leicester UK [email protected] K EVIN B ROWN University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL USA [email protected]

C ATHERINE B RENNER University of Versailles/SQY CNRS UMR 8159, Versailles France [email protected]

D IEDERIK DE B RUIJN Department of Human Genetics Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands [email protected]

D AVID J. B RENNER Department of Radiation Oncology Columbia University New York, NY USA [email protected]

T ILMAN B RUMMER Cancer Research Program Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney, NSW Australia [email protected]

List of Contributors

A NTONIO B RUNETTI Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine G. Salvatore University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia Catanzaro Italy [email protected] A NDREAS K. B UCK Department of Nuclear Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany [email protected] L ASZLO B UDAY Department of Medical Chemistry Semmelweis University Medical School Budapest Hungary [email protected] M ARIE A NNICK B UENDIA Oncogenesis and Molecular Virology Unit Inserm U579 Institut Pasteur, Paris France [email protected] R ALF B UETTNER City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute Duarte, CA USA [email protected] N IGEL J. B UNDRED Department of Academic Surgery South Manchester University Hospital Manchester UK [email protected] I RINA B U ß Institute of Pharmacy University of Bonn Bonn Germany [email protected] A LEXANDER B ÜRKLE Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany [email protected] J ADISH B UTANY Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University Health Network/Toronto Toronto, ON Canada [email protected]

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N EVILLE J. B UTCHER School of Biomedical Sciences University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD Australia [email protected] T IMON P. H. B UYS Department of Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology British Columbia Cancer Research Centre Vancouver, BC Canada [email protected] Y I C AI Department of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX USA Y IQIANG C AI Section of Nephrology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT USA [email protected] B RUNO C ALABRETTA Thomas Jefferson University Kimmel Cancer Institute Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] D ANIELE C ALISTRI Molecular Laboratory Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori Meldola (Forlì) Italy [email protected] J AVIER C AMACHO Pharmacology Division Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Mexico City, Mexico [email protected] W ILLIAM G. C ANCE Departments of Surgery University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] A MPARO C ANO Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina, UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM Madrid Spain [email protected]

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S HARON C ANTOR Assistant Professor of Cancer Biology UMASS Medical School Worcester, MA USA [email protected]

E STEBAN C ELIS H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute University of South Florida Tampa, FL USA [email protected]

A NTHONY J. C APOBIANCO The Wistar Institute Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

H O M AN C HAN Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Glasgow Glasgow UK

S ALVATORE J. C ARADONNA University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Stratford, NJ USA [email protected] M ICHELE C ARBONE Cancer Research Center of Hawaii University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI USA [email protected] N EIL O C ARRAGHER Advanced Science and Technology Laboratory AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood Loughborough UK [email protected] M ICHELA C ASANOVA Pediatric Oncology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano Italy [email protected] W OLFGANG H. C ASELMANN Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Germany [email protected] R OBERTO C ATTANEO Molecular Medicine Program and Virology and Gene Therapy Track Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected] W EBSTER K. C AVENEE Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, UCSD La Jolla, CA USA [email protected]

D AWN S. C HANDLER Department of Pediatrics, Columbus Children’s Research Institute, Center for Childhood Cancer The Ohio State University School of Medicine and Public Health Columbus, OH USA [email protected] M AU -S UN C HANG Department of Medical Research Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei County 251 Taiwan [email protected] M EI -C HI C HANG Biomedical Science Team Chang Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan Taiwan [email protected] J ANE C.-J. C HAO School of Nutrition and Health Sciences Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan [email protected] C HRISTINE C HAPONNIER Department of Pathology and Immunology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland [email protected] K ONSTANTINOS C HARALABOPOULOS Ioannina University Medical School Ioannina Greece [email protected] M ALAY C HATTERJEE Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur University Calcutta, West Bengal India [email protected]

List of Contributors

S UNIL K. C HATTERJEE University of Cincinnati and The Barrett Cancer Center Cincinnatti, OH USA [email protected] G AUTAM C HAUDHURI Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] M. A SIF C HAUDRY University Department of Surgery Royal Free and University College London Medical School London UK [email protected] D HARMINDER C HAUHAN Department of Medical Oncology The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center Dana Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected] J EREMY P. C HEADLE Institute of Medical Genetics Cardiff University Heath Park, Cardiff UK [email protected] S AI -J UAN C HEN State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, People's Republic of China [email protected] TAOSHENG C HEN New Leads, Bristol-Myers Squibb Wallingford, CT USA [email protected] Z HU C HEN State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, People's Republic of China [email protected] G EORGE Z. C HENG Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY USA [email protected]

J IN Q. C HENG Molecular Oncology and Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa, FL USA [email protected] L IANG C HENG Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN USA [email protected] YA -H UI C HI National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] M ARTYN A. C HIDGEY Division of Medical Sciences University of Birmingham Clinical Research Block Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK [email protected] Y OUNG -W ON C HIN College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected] S UDHAKAR C HINTHARLAPALLI Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University College Station, TX USA [email protected] A LEXANDRE C HLENSKI The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL USA [email protected] W ILLIAM C HI -S HING C HO Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kowloon Hong Kong [email protected] M ICHAEL C HOPP Neurology Research Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI USA [email protected]

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P EI -L UN C HOU Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Lin Shin Hospital Taichung Taiwan

P IER PAOLO C LAUDIO Department of Surgery Marshall University Huntington, WV USA [email protected]

C LAUS C HRISTENSEN Department of Cancer Genetics Danish Cancer Society Copenhagen Denmark [email protected]

E LIZABETH B. C LAUS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT USA [email protected]

R IKKE C HRISTENSEN Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark [email protected]

PASCAL C LAYETTE SPI-BIO, Service de Neurovirologie, CEA, CRSSA, EPHE Fontenay aux Roses Cedex France [email protected]

G ERHARD C HRISTOFORI Department of Clinical-Biological Sciences, Centre of Biomedicine Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel Basel Switzerland [email protected]

S TEVEN C. C LIFFORD Northern Institute for Cancer Research Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK [email protected]

R ICHARD I. C HRISTOPHERSON School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences University of Sydney Sydney, NSW Australia [email protected]

K EVIN A. C OCKELL Nutrition Research Division Health Canada Ottawa, ON Canada [email protected]

B ONG H YUN C HUNG BioNanotechnology Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea [email protected]

S USAN L. C OHN Clinical Sciences The Institute for Molecular Pediatric Sciences University of Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected]

F UNG -L UNG C HUNG Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC USA [email protected]

G RAHAM A. C OLDITZ Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO USA [email protected]

J ACKY K. H. C HUNG Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada [email protected]

PAOLA C OLLINI Anatomic Pathology Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano Italy [email protected]

S UE C LARK The Polyposis Registry St Mark’s Hospital Harrow UK [email protected]

A NDREW R. C OLLINS Department of Nutrition University of Oslo Oslo Norway [email protected]

List of Contributors

J OAN W. C ONAWAY Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas, MO USA [email protected] R ONALD C. C ONAWAY Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas, MO USA [email protected] N ATHALIE C OOLS Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Antwerp University Hospital Edegem Belgium [email protected] H ELEN C. C OONEY UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland [email protected] K UMARASEN C OOPER Department of Pathology University of Vermont Burlington, VT USA [email protected] L AURENCE J. N. C OOPER Division of Pediatrics, Department of Immunology M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] P ETER J. C OOPMAN CRBM/CNRS UMR 5237, Univ Montpellier II, Montpellier France [email protected] R ICHARD J. C OTE Departments of Urology and Pathology University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] M ARCUS V. C RONAUER Institute of General Zoology and Endocrinology University of Ulm Ulm Germany [email protected]

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S IDNEY C ROUL Department of Pathology, UHN University of Toronto ON Canada [email protected] V INCENT L. C RYNS Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwesten University Chicago, IL USA [email protected] R ONALD G. C RYSTAL Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, NY USA [email protected] J IUWEI C UI Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Toronto, ONT Canada [email protected] E DNA C UKIERMAN Basic Science/Tumor Cell Biology Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] Z ORAN C ULIG Department of Urology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria [email protected] D AVID T. C URIEL Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Gene Therapy Center, Division of Human Gene Therapy University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] YATARO D AIGO Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan [email protected] A NGUS G. D ALGLEISH St. George’s Hospital Medical School London UK [email protected]

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List of Contributors

A SHRAF D ALLOL Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [email protected] TAMAS D ALMAY School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK [email protected] I VAN D AMJANOV Department of Pathology University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City, KS USA [email protected] V INCENT D AMMAI Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA [email protected] C HENDIL D AMODARAN Department of Clinical Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky USA [email protected] J ANET E. D ANCEY Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis National Cancer Institute Rockville, MD USA [email protected] C HI V. D ANG Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected] A LLA D ANILKOVITCH -M IAGKOVA National Cancer Institute-FCRDC Frederick, MD USA [email protected] M ASSIMINO D’A RMIENTO Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome-Sapienza Rome Italy [email protected]

K AUSTUBH D ATTA Department of Urology Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota USA [email protected] P RAN K. D ATTA Departments of Surgery and Cancer Biology Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN USA [email protected] L EONOR D AVID IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto) and Medical Faculty of the University of Porto Porto Portugal [email protected] H ELEN D AVIS Oxford University Medical School John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK [email protected] A LEXEY D AVYDOV Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] R OBERT D AY Department of Pharmacology, Institut de Pharmacologie Faculté de Médecine Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC Canada [email protected] J OCHEN D ECKER Bioscientia Institute Center for Human Genetics and University of Mainz Ingelheim Germany [email protected] A MIR R. D EHDASHTI Division of Neurosurgery University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada [email protected]

List of Contributors

M ARYSE D ELEHEDDE INSERM U774 Institut Pasteur de Lille Lille France [email protected] B ERNA D EMIRCAN University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] D AVID A. D ENNING Department of Surgery Marshall University Huntington, WV USA [email protected] S YLVIANE D ENNLER The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] C HANNING J. D ER University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC USA [email protected] B ARBARA D ESCHLER Medical Center, Department of Hematology-Oncology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany [email protected] C HANTAL D ESDOUETS Institut Cochin Université Paris Descartes, CNRS Paris France [email protected] P ETER D EVILEE Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] M ARK W. D EWHIRST Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Durham, NC USA [email protected]

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M ARC D IEDERICH Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC) Hôpital Kirchberg Steichen Luxembourg [email protected] J OSEPH D I F RANZA Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Massachusetts Medical Center Worcester, MA USA [email protected] M ARTIN D IGWEED Institute of Human Genetics Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany [email protected] P ETER T EN D IJKE The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] G ERARD D IJKSTRA University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands [email protected] H ELEN D IMARAS Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital Toronto, ON Canada [email protected] J IAN D ING State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China [email protected] J ÜRGEN D ITTMER Clinic for Gynecology University of Halle, Halle Germany [email protected] H ENRIK J. D ITZEL Medical Biotechnology Center Institute of Medical Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark [email protected]

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List of Contributors

C HOLPON S. D JUZENOVA Klinik für Strahlentherapie der Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany [email protected]

B RIAN J. D RUKER Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute Portland, OR USA [email protected]

C HRISTIAN D OEHN Department of Urology University of Luebeck, Medical School Luebeck Germany [email protected]

R AYMOND N. D U B OIS Provost and Executive Vice President M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

YASUFUMI D OI Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan [email protected]

D AN G. D UDA Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology Department of Radiation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected]

Q IHAN D ONG Central Clinical School The University of Sydney, Department of Endocrinology and Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital NSW Australia [email protected]

J AQUELIN P. D UDLEY Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX USA [email protected]

Z IGANG D ONG The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota Austin, MN USA [email protected]

R OY J. D UHÉ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS USA [email protected]

Q. P ING D OU The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Wayne State University Detroit, MI USA [email protected]

I GNACIO D URAN Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Robert and Maggie Bras and Family New Drug Development Program Princess Margaret Hospital Toronto, ONT Canada [email protected]

T OMMASO A. D RAGANI Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milan Italy [email protected] K ENNETH D RAKE Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX USA [email protected] M ARTIN D REYLING Department of Internal Medicine III University of Munich, Großhadern München Germany [email protected]

S TEPHEN T. D URANT University of Oxford Oxford UK [email protected] M EENAKSHI D WIVEDI Department of Life Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Buk-Gu, Gwangju Korea [email protected] B EHFAR E HDAIE University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

J USTIS P. E HLERS Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO USA [email protected] C. H. J. VAN E IJCK Department of Surgery Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands [email protected] G ERHARD E ISENBRAND Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany [email protected]

A NDREAS E NGERT Hematology and Oncology University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine I Cologne Germany [email protected] C OCAV A. E NGMAN Department of Medicine Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH USA [email protected] M ARICA E OLI Unit of Clinical Neuro-Oncology Istituto Neurologico Besta Milano Italy

PATRICIA V. E LIZALDE Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME) CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina [email protected]

S ÜLEYMAN E RGÜN Institute of Anatomy University Hospital Essen Essen Germany [email protected]

B ASSEL F. E L -R AYES Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University Detroit, MI USA [email protected]

PABLO V. E SCRIBÁ Department of Biology-IUNICS University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain [email protected]

M ITSURU E MI Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Kawasaki and Tokyo Japan [email protected]

F RANCISCO J. E STEVA Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

C AROLINE E ND Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany [email protected] M ANON VAN E NGELAND Department of Pathology Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW) Maastricht University Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands [email protected] R AINER E NGERS Institute of Pathology University Hospital Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany [email protected]

M ARK F. E VANS Department of Pathology University of Vermont Burlington, VT USA [email protected] B. M ARK E VERS Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX USA [email protected] C RISTINA M ARIA FAILLA Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS Rome Italy [email protected]

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List of Contributors

M ARCO FALASCA Department of Medicine University College London London UK [email protected] FANG FAN Department of Pathology University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City, KS USA [email protected] S AIJUN FAN Long Island Jewish Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY USA B INGLIANG FANG Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] L EI FANG Dermatology Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] VALERIA R. FANTIN Merck Research Laboratories Boston, MA USA [email protected]

A NDREW P. F EINBERG Department of Medicine and Center for Epigenetics Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected] M ARK A. F EITELSON Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] D AVID F ELDMAN Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA USA [email protected] F RANCESCO F EO Department of Biomedical Sciences Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology Sassari Italy [email protected] M ARIE F ERNET INSERM U612, Institut Curie-Recherche Orsay France [email protected] A NDREA F ERRARI Pediatric Oncology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano Italy [email protected]

O MID C. FAROKHZAD Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA USA [email protected]

L ORENA L. F IGUEIREDO -P ONTES Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil [email protected]

W ILLIAM L. FARRAR National Cancer Institute – Frederick Frederick, MD USA [email protected]

D ANIEL F INLEY Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected]

A LESSANDRO FATATIS Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

G AETANO F INOCCHIARO Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Besta Unit of Experimental Neuro-Oncology Milano Italy [email protected]

List of Contributors

P IER PAOLO D I F IORE IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Milan Italy [email protected]

R ICCARDO F ODDE Department of Pathology Josephine Nefkens Institute Erasmus MC, Rotterdam The Netherlands [email protected]

PAUL B. F ISHER Departments of Urology, Pathology and Neurosurgery Columbia University Medical Center College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY USA [email protected]

J UDAH F OLKMAN Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected]

J AMES F LANAGAN Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University College London London UK [email protected]

H AMIDREZA F ONOUNI Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

M ICHAEL F LEISCHHACKER Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin CCM, Berlin Germany [email protected]

K ENNETH A. F OON The Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

E LIEZER F LESCHER Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel [email protected] J ONATHAN A. F LETCHER Albany Medical College Albany NY [email protected] B ARBARA D. F LORENTINE Department of Pathology Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital Valencia, CA and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] R OKA F LORIAN Department of Surgical Oncology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] TAMARA F LOYD Cancer Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

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A LESSANDRA F ORNI EPOCA Epidemiology Research Center, “Clinica del Lavoro L. Devoto” University of Milan Milan Italy [email protected] PAUL F OSTER Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine St. Mary’s Hospital London UK [email protected] D AVID A. F RANK Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected] S TUART J. F RANK Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] S TANLEY R. F RANKEL Merck Research Laboratories Upper Gwynedd, PA USA

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A LEKSANDRA F RANOVIC Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ONT Canada [email protected]

ATSUKO F UJIHARA Department of Gene Therapy Science Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine Suita, Osaka Japan [email protected]

M ICHAEL R. F REEMAN Urological Diseases Research Center Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected]

J IRO F UJIMOTO Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gifu University School of Medicine Gifu City Japan [email protected]

E MIL F REI III Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA USA [email protected] J EAN -N OËL F REUND INSERM, U682 Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg France [email protected] E RROL C. F RIEDBERG University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX USA [email protected] S TEVEN M. F RISCH Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry West Virginia University Morgantown, WV USA [email protected] PAUL F RÉNEAUX Département de Pathologie Institut Curie Paris France [email protected] M ICHAEL C. F RÜHWALD Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Children’s Hospital Muenster Muenster Germany [email protected] A NDREW M. F RY University of Leicester Leicester UK [email protected]

J UN F UJITA Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan [email protected] K ENJI F UKASAWA Molecular Oncology Program H. Lee Mofitl Cancer Center & Research Institute Tampa, FL USA [email protected] S IMONE F ULDA University Children’s Hospital, University of Ulm Ulm Germany [email protected] K YLE F URGE Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids, MI USA [email protected] M UTSUO F URIHATA Department of Pathology Kochi Medical School Kochi Japan [email protected] R HOIKOS F URTWÄNGLER Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Saarland University Hospital Homburg/Saar Germany [email protected] B ERNARD W. F UTSCHER Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arizona Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy University of Arizona Tucson, AZ USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

S HIRISH G ADGEEL Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University Detroit, MI USA [email protected]

A NDREI L. G ARTEL Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected]

F EDERICO G AGO Departamento de Farmacología Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain [email protected]

R ONALD B. G ARTENHAUS The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]

W ILLIAM M. G ALLAGHER UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland [email protected]

T HOMAS A. G ASIEWICZ University of Rochester Medical Center Rocheser, NY USA [email protected]

B ERNARD G ALLEZ Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium [email protected] B RENDA L. G ALLIE Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital Toronto, ON Canada [email protected]

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PATRIZIA G ASPARINI Molecular-Cytogenetic Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano Italy [email protected] G RÉGORY G ATOUILLAT Laboratory of Biochemistry IFR53, Faculty of Pharmacy Reims cedex, France [email protected]

P ING G AO Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]

A DI F. G AZDAR Hamon Center for therapeutic Oncology Research and Departments of Pathology, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas USA [email protected]

R OY G ARCIA City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute Duarte, CA USA [email protected]

C HRISTIAN G EISLER The Leukemia and Lymphoma Marker Laboratory Department of Hematology, The Finsen Centre Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Denmark [email protected]

L AWRENCE B. G ARDNER The NYU Cancer Institute New York University School of Medicine New York, NY USA [email protected]

S PYROS D. G EORGATOS Department of Basic Sciences The University of Crete, School of Medicine Heraklion, Crete Greece [email protected]

C ATHIE G ARNIS MIT Center for Cancer Research Cambridge, MA USA [email protected]

J ULIA M. G EORGE Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL, USA [email protected]

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List of Contributors

A RMIN G ERGER Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology Medical University Graz Graz Austria [email protected]

M ICHAEL K. G IBSON University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

U LRICH G ERMING Klinik für Hämatologie Onkologie und Klinische Immunologie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Germany [email protected]

M ICHAEL Z. G ILCREASE Department of Pathology, Breast Section M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

J EFFREY E. G ERSHENWALD Department of Surgical Oncology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

M.B. G ILLESPIE Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA

A NDREAS J. G ESCHER Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester Leicester UK [email protected]

F RANÇOIS N OËL G ILLY Department of Digestive Oncologic Surgery Hospices Civils de Lyon–Université Lyon 1 Lyon France [email protected]

C HRISTIAN G ESPACH INSERM U. 673, Paris, France; Laboratory of Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid tumors, Faculté de Médecine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 Paris France [email protected]

T HOMAS D. G ILMORE Biology Department, Boston University Boston, MA USA [email protected]

B. M ICHAEL G HADIMI Department of General and Visceral Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Germany [email protected]

O LIVER G IMM Department of Surgery University Hospital Linköping Sweden [email protected]

R ICCARDO G HIDONI Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology San Paolo Medical School University of Milan Milan Italy [email protected] R ONALD A. G HOSSEIN Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY USA [email protected] L ORENZO G IANNI Department of Oncology Infermi Hospital Rimini Italy [email protected]

L UTZ G ISSMANN DKFZ, Heidelberg Germany [email protected] M ORTEN F. G JERSTORFF Department of Oncology Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark [email protected] S HANNON S. G LASER Departments of Medicine and Research and Education Scott & White Hospital and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center Temple, TX USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

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H ANSRUEDI G LATT German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke Nuthetal Germany [email protected]

S USANNE M. G OLLIN Department of Human Genetics University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

O LIVIER G LEHEN Department of Digestive Oncologic Surgery Hospices Civils de Lyon–Université Lyon 1 Lyon France [email protected]

R OY M. G OLSTEYN Senior Scientist, Cancer Research Division Institut de Recherches Servier Croissy-Sur-Seine France [email protected]

A LEKSANDRA G LOGOWSKA Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB Canada

E LLEN L. G OODE Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected]

T HOMAS W. G LOVER Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected]

G REGORY J. G ORES Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected]

U LRICH G ÖBEL Clinic of Pediatric Oncology Hematology and Immunology Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany [email protected] J. G ODDARD Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA [email protected] A NDREW K. G ODWIN Department of Medical Oncology Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] G ARY S. G OLDBERG Molecular Biology University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Stratford, NJ USA [email protected] I TZHAK D. G OLDBERG Long Island Jewish Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY USA

T OBIAS G ÖRGE Department of Dermatology University of Münster Münster Germany [email protected] N ORIKO G OTOH Institute of Medical Sciences The University of Tokyo Minatoku, Tokyo Japan [email protected] S TEPHANIE G OUT Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l’Université Laval Québec, QC Canada [email protected] A MMI G RAHN Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicin Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska academy at Göteborg University Göteborg Sweden [email protected] P ETER G REAVES Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine University of Leicester Leicester UK [email protected]

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List of Contributors

M ARK I. G REENE Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] W. M. U. VAN G REVENSTEIN Department of Surgery Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands [email protected]

VALENTINA G UARNERI Department of Oncology and Hematology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico via del Pozzo, Modena Italy [email protected] W EI G U Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY USA [email protected]

A RJAN W. G RIFFIOEN Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Pathology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands [email protected]

L ILIANA G UEDEZ Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Cell and Cancer Biology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

D IRK G RIMM University of Heidelberg, Cluster of Excellence Cell Networks BIOQUANT Heidelberg, Germany [email protected]

F. P ETER G UENGERICH Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology Vanderbilt University School of Medicin Nashville, TN USA [email protected]

M ATTHEW J. G RIMSHAW Breast Cancer Biology Group, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital London UK [email protected] S TEPHEN R. G ROBMYER Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology University of Florida Gainesville, FL USA [email protected]

A BHIJIT G UHA Division of Neurosurgery University of Toronto ON Canada [email protected] K ATHERINE A. G UINDON Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Queen’s University Kingston, ONT Canada [email protected]

B ERND G ROSCHE Department of Radiation Protection and Health Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (Federal Office for Radiation Protection) Oberschleissheim Germany [email protected]

E RICH G ULBINS Department of Molecular Biology University of Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany [email protected]

H ANS H. G RUNICKE Biocenter, Division of Medical Biochemistry Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria [email protected]

B ILL G ULLICK Department of Biosciences University of Kent at Canterbury Canterbury, Kent UK [email protected]

J ULIANA G UARIZE Department of Thoracic Surgery European Institute of Oncology Milan Italy [email protected]

U RSULA G ÜNTHERT Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel Basel Switzerland [email protected]

List of Contributors

J AMES F. G USELLA Molecular Neurogenetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown, MA USA [email protected] G RAEME R. G UY Signal Transduction Laboratory Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore [email protected] M ANUEL G UZMÁN Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I School of Biology Complutense University Madrid Spain [email protected] G EUM -Y OUN G WAK Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Gangnam-gu, Seoul South Korea [email protected] C LAUDIA H AFERLACH MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory Munich Germany [email protected] T ORSTEN H AFERLACH MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory Munich Germany [email protected] S TEPHAN A. H AHN University of Bochum Bochum Germany [email protected] J ÖRG H AIER Department of General Surgery University Hospital Münster Münster Germany [email protected] N UMSEN H AIL Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center Denver, CO USA [email protected]

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P IERRE H AINAUT Group of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Biomarkers International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization Lyon cedex 08 France [email protected] B RETT M. H ALL Department of Pediatrics Columbus Children’s Research Institute The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected] J ANET H ALL INSERM U612, Institut Curie-Recherche Orsay France [email protected] J OYCE L. H AMLIN Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA USA [email protected] R ASHA S. H AMOUDA National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA, [email protected] J. W ILLIAM H ARBOUR Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO USA [email protected] M ARK H ARLAND Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital Leeds UK [email protected] A DRIAN L. H ARRIS University of Oxford, Cancer Research UK Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital Headington, Oxford UK [email protected] U ZMA H ASAN Infections and Cancer Biology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France [email protected]

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List of Contributors

M IA H ASHIBE Gene-Environment Epidemiology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France [email protected]

O LAF H EIDENREICH Northern Institute for Cancer Research Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK [email protected]

M ASAHARU H ATA Department of Radiology Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan [email protected]

D AVID G. H EIDT Department of Surgery University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI USA

J OHN . D. H AYES Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School University of Dundee Dundee, Scotland UK [email protected] L ILI H E Molecular Oncology and Pathology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute Tampa, FL USA [email protected] L I -Z HEN H E Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences NY USA [email protected]

W ERNER H ELD Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, and University of Lausanne Epalinges Switzerland [email protected] C ARL -H ENRIK H ELDIN Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Uppsala Sweden [email protected] W IJNAND H ELFRICH Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Section Medical Biology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology Groningen The Netherlands [email protected]

R UTH H E Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Washington, DC USA [email protected]

D EBBY H ELLEBREKERS Department of Pathology Research Institute for Growth and Development (GROW) Maastricht University Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands [email protected]

S TEPHEN S. H ECHT The Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN USA [email protected]

PAUL W. S. H ENG Department of Pharmacy National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore [email protected]

A HMED E. H EGAB Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan [email protected]

K AI -O LIVER H ENRICH DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

A XEL H EIDENREICH Division of Oncological Urology, Department of Urology University of Köln Köln Germany [email protected]

M ARIE H ENRIKSSON Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden [email protected]

List of Contributors

E LIZABETH P ETRI H ENSKE Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] D ONALD E. H ENSON The George Washington University Cancer Institute Washington, DC USA [email protected] M EENHARD H ERLYN The Wistar Institute Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] B LANCA H ERNANDEZ -L EDESMA Dept of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley, CA USA [email protected] W OLFGANG H ERR Department of Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz Mainz Germany [email protected] H ELEN E. H ESLOP Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, and The Methodist Hospital Houston, TX USA [email protected] J OCHEN H ESS Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control Heidelberg Germany [email protected] M ARRY M. VAN DEN H EUVEL -E IBRINK Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands [email protected] D OMINIQUE H EYMANN Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives University of Nantes Nantes France [email protected]

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M ARTHA H ICKEY Department of Gynaecology, School of Women’s and Infants’ Health WIRF and University of Western Australia Crawley, WA Australia [email protected] J AMES H ICKS Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor NY USA [email protected] K EVIN O. H ICKS Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand [email protected] I AN D. H ICKSON ICRF, Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK [email protected] C OLIN K. H ILL Department of Radiation Oncology USC Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA USA B OAZ H IRSHBERG Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Pfizer Inc Groton, CT USA [email protected] A RI H IRVONEN Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki Finland [email protected] YASUYUKI H ITOSHI Departments of Pediatrics and of Genetics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH USA [email protected] R ICARDO H ITT Medical Oncology Service University Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain [email protected]

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List of Contributors

E ISO H IYAMA Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan [email protected] FALK H LUBEK Department of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich Germany [email protected] S TEVEN N. H OCHWALD Departments of Surgery Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] M ICHAEL H ODSDON Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT USA [email protected] K ASPER H OEBE Department of Immunology The Scripps Research Institute San Diego, CA USA [email protected] L ORNE J. H OFSETH Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina Columbia, SC USA [email protected] PANCRAS C. W. H OGENDOORN Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] S TEFAN H OLDENRIEDER Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital of Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Germany [email protected]

P ETRA D EN H OLLANDER Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] C AROLINE L. H OLLOWAY BC Cancer Agency Centre for the Southern Interior Kelowna, BC Canada [email protected] A RNE H OLMGREN Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden [email protected] JUN HYUK HONG The Cancer Institute of NJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Division of Urologic Oncology New Brunswick, NJ USA C HRISTINE H ORAK Women’s Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] A DÍLIA H ORMIGO Department of Neurology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY USA [email protected] J. H ORNIG Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA M ICHAEL R. H ORSMAN Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark [email protected] A NDREA K RISTINA H ORST Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany [email protected]

List of Contributors

D AVID W. H OSKIN Departments of Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology Dalhousie University Halifax, NS Canada [email protected]

M AUREEN B. H UHMANN Department of Primary Care, School of Health Related Professions, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey The Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ USA [email protected]

A NDREAS F. H OTTINGER Department of Neurology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY USA [email protected]

W EN -C HUN H UNG Institute of Biomedical Sciences National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan Republic of China [email protected]

P ETER J. H OUGHTON Department of Molecular Pharmacology St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN USA [email protected]

K ENT H UNTER Laboratory of Population Genetics, CCR/NCI/NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

A NTHONY H OWELL CRUK Department of Medical Oncology University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Trust Manchester UK [email protected] S HIE -L IANG H SIEH Department of Microbiology and Immunology National Yang-Ming University Immunology Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica, Taipei Taiwan [email protected] C HENG -L ONG H UANG Department of Second Surgery Kagawa University Kagawa Japan [email protected] K AY H UEBNER Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, OH USA [email protected] P ERE H UGUET Department of Pathology Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Spain [email protected]

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T ONY H UNTER Salk Institute Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory La Jolla, CA USA [email protected] T EH -I A H UO Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University Taipei, TAIWAN and Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, TAIWAN People’s Rebublic of China [email protected] J ACQUES H UOT Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l’Université Laval Québec, QC Canada [email protected] D OUGLAS R. H URST Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] K AREN L. H UYCK Department of Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA USA [email protected] S AM T. H WANG Dermatology Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

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List of Contributors

B RANDY D. H YNDMAN Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Queen’s University Cancer Research Institute Queen’s University Kingston, ON Canada [email protected] TAKAFUMI I CHIDA Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan [email protected] Y OSHITO I HARA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Disease, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan [email protected] H ITOSHI I KEDA Department of Pediatric Surgery Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital Koshigaya, Saitama Japan [email protected] K AZUHIKO I NO Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan [email protected] J UAN I OVANNA INSERM, Stress Cellulaire, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy Marseille Cedex France [email protected] I RMGARD I RMINGER -F INGER Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Geneva University Hospitals Geneva, Switzerland [email protected]

T OSHIHISA I SHIKAWA Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo [email protected] M ARK A. I SRAEL Departments of Pediatrics and of Genetics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH USA [email protected] A NTOINE I TALIANO Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics Nice University Hospital and CNRS UMR 6543, Faculty of Medicine Nice France [email protected] N ORIMASA I TO University of Pittsburgh, Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected] M ICHAEL I TTMANN Department of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX USA [email protected] R ICHARD I VELL Head of School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences The University of Adelaide SA Australia [email protected]

M EREDITH S. I RWIN Cell Biology Program and Division of Hematology-Oncology Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada [email protected]

N OBU I WAKUMA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology University of Florida Gainesville, FL USA [email protected]

P LO I SABELLE INSERM U790, Hématopoièse et cellules souches Institut Gustave Roussy–PR1 Villejuif France [email protected]

S HAI I ZRAELI Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Sheba Medical Center and Tel Aviv University Ramat Gan Israel [email protected]

List of Contributors

PAOLA I ZZO Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotechnologie Medicine a Chirurgia, Facoltà di Medicina Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy [email protected] M ARK J ACKMAN Wellcome/CRC Institute Cambridge UK [email protected]

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G ORDON C. J AYSON Cancer Research UK Department of Medical Oncology Christie Hospital Manchester UK [email protected] K UAN -T EH J EANG National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

A LAN J ACKSON Imaging Science University of Manchester Manchester UK [email protected]

J IIANG -H UEI J ENG Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei Taiwan [email protected]

D EBORAH J ACKSON -B ERNITSAS Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

E LWOOD V. J ENSEN National Institute of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

U LRICH J AEHDE Institute of Pharmacy University of Bonn Bonn Germany [email protected]

L IN J I Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

D AVID J AMIESON School of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK [email protected]

Y UFEI J IANG Cancer Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

P IDDER J ANSEN -D ÜRR Institute for Biomedical Ageing Research Austrian Academy of Sciences Innsbruck Austria [email protected]

C HARLOTTE J IN Departments of Clinical Genetics University Hospital Lund, Sweden [email protected]

S IEGFRIED J ANZ Department of Pathology University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA USA [email protected] D ANIEL G. J AY Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, Ma USA [email protected]

A NDREW K. J OE Department of Medicine Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center New York, NY USA [email protected] A LAN L. J OHNSON Walther Cancer Research Center University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN USA [email protected]

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List of Contributors

S ARA M. J OHNSON Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX USA [email protected] F LORIS A ART DE J ONG Department of Medical Oncology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands [email protected] W ON -A J OO The Wistar Institute Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] V. C RAIG J ORDAN Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] S ERENE J OSIAH Shire Pharmaceuticals Cambridge, MA USA [email protected] R ICHARD J OVE City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute Duarte, CA USA [email protected] J AROSLAW J OZWIAK Department of Histology and Embryology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland [email protected] J ESPER J URLANDER Department of Hematology The Finsen Centre Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Denmark [email protected]

TADAO K AKIZOE National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan [email protected] T UULA K ALLUNKI Apoptosis Department Institute of Biological Cancer Research Danish Cancer Society Copenhagen Denmark [email protected] TAKEHIKO K AMIJO Division of Biochemistry Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute Chuoh-ku, Chiba Japan [email protected] YASUFUMI K ANEDA Department of Gene Therapy Science Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita, Osaka Japan [email protected] K AZUHIRO K ANEKO Second Department of Internal Medicine Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan [email protected] I NKYUNG K ANG Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco, CA USA [email protected] D AVID E. K APLAN Division of Gastroenterology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

C HAIM K AHANA Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel [email protected]

M ICHALIS V. K ARAMOUZIS Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School University of Athens Goudi, Athens Greece [email protected]

B ERND K AINA Department of Toxicology University of Mainz Mainz Germany [email protected]

A DAM R. K ARPF Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

N ILESH D. K ASHIKAR Departments of Surgery and Cancer Biology Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN USA [email protected] J UHAYNA K ASSEM Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, NY USA [email protected]

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S TANLEY B. K AYE Section of Medicine Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital London UK [email protected] R ICHARD K EFFORD Westmead Institute for Cancer Research and Sydney Melanoma Unit, University of Sydney Westmead, NSW Australia [email protected]

M ATILDA K ATAN CRC Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology Institute of Cancer Research London UK [email protected]

E VAN T. K ELLER Departments of Urology and Pathology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected]

S ASSER A. K ATE Department of Pediatrics Columbus Children’s Research Institute, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected]

S TEPHEN K ENNEDY Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK [email protected]

W ILLIAM K. K AUFMANN Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC USA [email protected]

D ANIEL K EPPLER Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center LSUHSC-School of Medicine Shreveport, LA USA [email protected]

M ANJINDER K AUR Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, CO USA [email protected]

W OLFGANG K ERN MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory Munich Germany [email protected]

I NGO K AUSCH Department of Urology University of Luebeck, Medical School Luebeck Germany [email protected] K OJI K AWAKAMI Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University Kyoto Japan [email protected] F REDERIC J. K AYE National Cancer Institute NIH and National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

J ORMA K ESKI -O JA Departments of Pathology and of Virology Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland [email protected] A D G EURTS VAN K ESSEL Department of Human Genetics Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands [email protected] K HANDAN K EYOMARSI Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology Department of Surgical Oncology Unit 66, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

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List of Contributors

C HAND K HANNA National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research Comparative Oncology Program Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

S EONG J IN K IM Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

S AMIR K HLEIF Cancer Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

S U Y OUNG K IM Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD USA [email protected],gov

R OYA K HOSRAVI -FAR Department of Pathology Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA USA [email protected] T OBIAS K IESSLICH Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg Austria [email protected] F UMITAKA K IKKAWA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan [email protected] N ERBIL K ILIC Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany [email protected] I SAAC Y I K IM The Cancer Institute of NJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Division of Urologic Oncology New Brunswick, NJ USA [email protected] J UNG - WHAN K IM Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected] M OONIL K IM BioNanotechnology Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea [email protected]

A DI K IMCHI Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel [email protected] A. D OUGLAS K INGHORN College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected] D AVID K IRN Jennerex Biotherapeutics Inc. San Francisco, CA USA [email protected] Y OULIA M. K IROVA Department of Radiation Oncology Institut Curie Paris France [email protected] S HINICHI K ITADA Burnham Institute for Medical Research La Jolla, CA USA [email protected] K AREL K ITHIER Department of Pathology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI USA [email protected] C ELINA G. K LEER Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical School MI USA [email protected] G EORGE K LEIN Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden [email protected]

List of Contributors

M ICHAEL J. K LEIN Center for Metabolic Bone Disease The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected]

L IN K ONG Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China [email protected]

E LENA K LENOVA Department of Biological Sciences University of Essex Colchester Essex, UK [email protected]

R OLAND E. K ONTERMANN Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology University of Stuttgart Germany [email protected]

T HOMAS K LONISCH Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB Canada [email protected] E LIZABETH K NOBLER Department of Dermatology Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY USA [email protected] R OBERT K NOBLER Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria [email protected] B EATRICE K NUDSEN Divisions of Public Health Sciences, Human Biology and Clinical Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA USA [email protected] S TEFAN K OCHANEK Division of Gene Therapy University of Ulm Cologne Germany [email protected]

J ANKO K OS Department of Pharmaceutical Biology University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] M ARTA K OSTROUCHOVA Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague Czech Republica [email protected] H EINRICH K OVAR Children’s Cancer Research Institute St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna Austria [email protected] C RAIG K OVITZ Department of Medical Oncology University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] B ARNETT S. K RAMER Office of Disease Prevention National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

C HRISTIAN K OLLMANNSBERGER Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Cancer Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC Canada [email protected]

B ARBARA K RAMMER Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria [email protected]

Y UTAKA K ONDO Division of Molecular Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Japan [email protected]

H ENK J. VAN K RANEN National Institute of Public Health and Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands [email protected]

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List of Contributors

T HOMAS K RAUSZ Department of Pathology University of Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected]

D EEPAK K UMAR Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of the District of Columbia Washington, DC USA [email protected]

J ÜRGEN K RAUTER Department of Haematology Haemostasis and Oncology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany [email protected]

H IROKI K UNIYASU Department of Molecular Pathology Nara Medical University School of Medicine Kashihara, Nara Japan [email protected]

B ERNHARD K REMENS Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Essen Essen Germany [email protected] A RUNA K RISHNAN Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA USA [email protected] B IN B. R. K ROON Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] YASUSEI K UDO Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology Division of Frontier Medical Science Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan [email protected] R AKESH K UMAR Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] PARVESH K UMAR Department of Radiation Oncology USC Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected]

S IAVASH K. K URDISTANI Department of Biological Chemistry David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] R ALF K ÜPPERS Institute for Cell Biology (Tumor Research) University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School Essen Germany [email protected] E LENA K URENOVA Departments of Surgery University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] K EISUKE K UROSE Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nippon Medical School Kawasaki and Tokyo Japan PAULA M. K UZONTKOSKI Departments of Pediatrics and of Genetics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH USA [email protected] R OBERT M. K YPTA Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bilbao, Spain; Imperial College London London UK [email protected] J UAN C ARLOS L ACAL Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC, Madrid Spain [email protected]

List of Contributors

J AMES C. L ACEFIELD Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Medical Biophysics University of Western Ontario London, ONT Canada [email protected] S TEPHAN L ADISCH Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine Washington, DC USA [email protected] H ERMANN L AGE Charité Campus Mitte Institute of Pathology Berlin Germany [email protected]

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J OSEPH R. L ANDOLPH Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] R OBERT L ANGER Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA USA [email protected] PAOLA L ARGHI Department of Immunology Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca Rozzano, Milan Italy [email protected]

C HARLES P. K. L AI Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC Canada [email protected]

J AMES M. L ARNER Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA USA [email protected]

D ALE W. L AIRD Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Western Ontario London, ON Canada [email protected]

G ÖRAN L ARSON Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University Göteborg Sweden [email protected]

J ANICE B. B. L AM Department of Medicine and Genome Research Center University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China [email protected]

S USANNA C. L ARSSON Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden [email protected]

WAN L. L AM Department of Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology British Columbia Cancer Research Centre Vancouver, BC Canada [email protected] H UI Y. L AN Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine Hong Kong China [email protected]

P HILIPPE L ASSALLE INSERM U774 Institut Pasteur de Lille Lille France [email protected] FARIDA L ATIF Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [email protected]

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List of Contributors

V IRPI L AUNONEN Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland [email protected]

W ILLIAM P. J. L EENDERS Department of Pathology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands [email protected]

V INCENZO DE L AURENZI Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences University of Tor Vergata Rome Italy [email protected]

A NDREAS L EIBBRANDT Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria [email protected]

G WENDAL L AZENNEC INSERM Montpellier France [email protected]

M ANUEL C. L EMOS Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital Headington, Oxford UK [email protected]

G AIL S. L EBOVIC Director of Women’s Services The Cooper Clinic Dallas, TX USA [email protected] D AVID P. L E B RUN Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Queen’s University Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University Kingston, ON Canada [email protected] C HEONG J. L EE Department of Surgery University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI USA J ONG -H EUN L EE Women’s Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

E RIC J. L ENTSCH Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA [email protected] Y UN -C HUNG L EUNG Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong China [email protected] F RANCIS L ÉVI INSERM, Rythmes Biologiques et Cancers Hospital Paul Brousse, Villejuif Cedex France Université Paris Sud XI Orsay France [email protected]

S EAN B ONG L EE Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

J AY A. L EVY University of California, School of Medicine San Francisco, CA USA [email protected]

S TEPHEN L EE Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ONT Canada [email protected]

K AIYI L I Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

D AIQING L IAO Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shands Cancer Center University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] E MMANUELLE L IAUDET-C OOPMAN INSERM U826 CRLC Val d’Aurelle Parc Euromédecine, Montpellier Cedex 5 France [email protected] R OSSELLA L IBÈ INSERM U567, Institut Cochin Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer Department Paris France K E L IN Department of Haematology Royal Liverpool University Hospital Liverpool UK [email protected] S HENG -C AI L IN Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian China [email protected] S HIAW-Y IH L IN Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] WAN -WAN L IN Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan [email protected] J ANET C. L INDSEY Northern Institute for Cancer Research Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK [email protected] C HRISTOPHER A. L IPINSKI Scientific Advisor, Melior Discovery Waterford USA [email protected]

J OSEPH L IPSICK Stanford University Stanford, CA USA [email protected] F EI -F EI L IU Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada [email protected] X IANGGUO L IU Winship Cancer Institute Emory University Atlanta, GA USA [email protected] T ING L ING L O Signal Transduction Laboratory Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore [email protected] V ICTOR L OBANENKOV Section of Molecular Pathology, NIAID National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] H OLGER N. L ODE Charité University Medicine Berlin Pediatrics, Berlin Germany [email protected] L AWRENCE A. L OEB University of Washington Seattle, WA USA [email protected] R OBERT L OEWE Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria [email protected] S TEFFEN L OFT Institute of Public Health Department of Occupational and Environmental Health University of Copenhagen, København K Denmark [email protected]

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D IETMAR L OHMANN Institut für Humangenetik Universitätsklinikum Essen Essen Germany [email protected] M ATTHIAS L ÖHR Molecular Gastroenterology Unit, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz E180) Heidelberg and Department of Medicine II, Mannheim Medical Faculty University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany [email protected] V INATA B. L OKESHWAR Department of Urology, Cell Biology and Anatomy Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL USA [email protected] A LEXANDRE L OKTIONOV Colonix Medical Limited Babraham Research Campus Cambridge UK [email protected] E LIAS L OLIS Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT USA [email protected] P IER -L UIGI L OLLINI Section of Cancer Research Department of Experimental Pathology University of Bologna Bologna Italy [email protected] M IGUEL L OPEZ -L AZARO Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville Spain [email protected] C HARLES L. L OPRINZI Division of Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected]

J OCHEN L ORCH Dana Farlur Cancer Institute Head and Neck Oncology Program Boston, MA USA [email protected] E DITH M. L ORD Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY USA [email protected] G IUSEPPE D I L ORENZO Cattedra di Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Oncologia molecolare e clinica Università degli Studi “Federico II” Napoli Italy [email protected] R EUBEN L OTAN Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] R AGNHILD A. L OTHE Department of Cancer Prevention Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Centre Oslo Norway [email protected] M ICHAEL T. L OTZE University of Pittsburgh, Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected] C HRYSTAL U. L OUIS Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, and The Methodist Hospital Houston, TX USA [email protected] D MITRI L OUKINOV Section of Molecular Pathology NIAID NIH WT-I bldg Rockville, MD USA [email protected] D AVID B. L OVEJOY Department of Pathology University of Sydney NSW Australia [email protected]

List of Contributors

J IADE J. L U Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China [email protected]

J IAN -H UA L UO Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

T ZONG -S HI L U Division of Experimental Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Boston, MA USA [email protected]

G ARY H. LYMAN Cancer Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY USA [email protected]

Y UANAN L U Department of Public Health Science University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI USA [email protected]

H ENRY LYNCH Hereditary Cancer Institute Creighton University Omaha, NE USA [email protected]

I RINA A. L UBENSKY National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

E LSEBETH LYNGE Institute of Public Health University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen [email protected]

D ARIO D I L UCA Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy [email protected]

S COTT K. LYONS Molecular Imaging Group CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge UK [email protected]

J ARED L UCAS Divisions of Public Health Sciences, Human Biology and Clinical Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA USA [email protected]

M ICHAEL M AC M ANUS Department of Radiation Oncology Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute East Melbourne, VIC Australia [email protected]

A NDREAS L UCH Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Berlin Germany [email protected]

B RITTA M ÄDGE DKFZ Heidelberg Germany

B EN O. DE L UMEN Dept of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley, CA USA [email protected]

C LAUDIE M ADOULET Laboratory of Biochemistry IFR53, Faculty of Pharmacy Reims Cedex France [email protected]

M ARIA L I L UNG Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clearwater Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR) People's Republic of China [email protected]

F ÉLIX F ERNÁNDEZ M ADRID Department of Internal Medicine Karmanos Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University Detroit, MI USA [email protected]

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R OLANDO F. D EL M AESTRO Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC Canada [email protected] B RINDA M AHADEVAN Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University Corvallis, OR USA [email protected] C SABA M AHOTKA Institute of Pathology Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Germany [email protected] S OURINDRA N. M AITI Division of Pediatrics, Department of Immunology M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] C ÉDRIC M ALICET INSERM, Stress Cellulaire, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy Marseille Cedex France [email protected] A LESSANDRA M ANCINO Department of Immunology Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca Rozzano, Milan Italy [email protected] E VELYNE M ANET INSERM U758, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon France [email protected] S RIDHAR M ANI Department of Medicine, Oncology and Molecular Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine NY USA [email protected] M ARCEL M ANNENS Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected]

A LBERTO M ANTOVANI Department of Immunology Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca Rozzano, Milan Italy [email protected] A SHLEY A. M ANZOOR Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Durham, NC USA [email protected] L UCIA M ARCOCCI Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy [email protected] D IETER M ARMÉ Tumor Biology Center Institute of Molecular Oncology Freiburg Germany [email protected] D EBORAH J. M ARSH Kolling Institute of Medical Research University of Sydney NSW Australia [email protected] J OHN L. M ARSHALL Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Washington, DC USA [email protected] R ENÉE M. M ARSHALL The Wistar Institute Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] A NGELA M ÄRTEN National Centre for Tumour Diseases, Department of Surgery University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany [email protected] E DMUND M ASER Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists University Medical School Kiel Germany [email protected]

List of Contributors

T HOMAS E. M ASSEY Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Queen’s University Kingston, ONT Canada [email protected]

J OSEPH H. M C C ARTY University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

N ORIYUKI M ASUDA Department of Respiratory Medicine Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan [email protected]

K ATHERINE A. M C G LYNN Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

ATSUKO M ASUMI National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi Tokyo Japan [email protected]

W. G LENN M C G REGOR James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY USA [email protected]

YASUNOBU M ATSUDA Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan

I AIN H. M C K ILLOP Department of Biology The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC USA [email protected]

S ACHIKO M ATSUHASHI Department of Internal Medicine Saga Medical School Saga University Saga Japan [email protected]

R OGER E. M C L ENDON Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC USA [email protected]

TAKAYA M ATSUZUKA Department of Anatomy and Physiology Kansas State University Manhattan, KS USA [email protected]

D ONALD C. M C M ILLAN University Department of Surgery Royal Infirmary Glasgow UK [email protected]

M ALGORZATA M ATUSIEWICZ Department of Medical Biochemistry Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland [email protected]

A RIANEB M EHRABI Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

WARREN L. M AY Department of Preventive Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS USA [email protected] M ATTHEW A. M C B RIAN Department of Biological Chemistry David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected]

A NIL M EHTA Maternal and Child Health Sciences University of Dundee Dundee UK [email protected] K APIL M EHTA The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

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R EKHA M EHTA Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada Ottawa, ONT Canada [email protected] E LVIRA DE M EJIA Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL USA [email protected] B AR -E LI M ENASHE Department of Cancer Biology The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] H EATHER M ERNITZ Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston, MA USA [email protected] J ENNIFER A. M ERTZ Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX USA [email protected] K ARL -H EINZ M ERZ Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany [email protected] J UN M I Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA USA [email protected] D ENNIS F. M ICHIEL Biopharmaceutical Development Program SAIC-Frederick, Inc. National Cancer Institute-Frederick Frederick, MD USA [email protected]

S TEPHAN M IELKE Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] TAKEO M INAGUCHI Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Toranomon Hospital Tokyo Japan [email protected] N AGAHIRO M INATO Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan [email protected] R ODNEY F. M INCHIN School of Biomedical Sciences University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD Australia [email protected] J OHN D. M INNA Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Departments of Pathology, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX USA [email protected] C LAUDIA M ITCHELL Institut Cochin Université Paris Descartes, CNRS Paris France [email protected] K AZUO M IYASHITA Department of Bioresources Chemistry, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University Hakodate Japan [email protected] E IJI M IYOSHI Department of Biochemistry Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan [email protected]

List of Contributors

J UN M IYOSHI Department of Molecular Biology Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Osaka Japan [email protected] T OSHIHIKO M IZUTA Department of Internal Medicine Saga Medical School Saga Japan [email protected] K. T HOMAS M OESTA Klinik für Chirurgie und Chirurgische Onkologie Robert Rössle-Klinik, Charité Berlin-Buch, Berlin Germany [email protected] S ONIA M OHINTA Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine Springfield, IL USA [email protected] J AN M OLLENHAUER Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany [email protected] M ICHAEL B. M ØLLER Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark [email protected] B RUNO M ONDOVÌ Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy [email protected] A LESSANDRA M ONTECUCCO Istituto di Genetica Molecolare CNR via Abbiategrasso, Pavia Italy [email protected] R UGGERO M ONTESANO Courmayeur Italy [email protected]

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W OLTER J. M OOI Department of Pathology VU Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] A MY C. M OORE Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN USA [email protected] M ALCOLM A. S. M OORE Department of Cell Biology Memorial-Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY USA [email protected] C ESAR A. M ORAN Department of Pathology M D Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] J AQUELINE M ORENO Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA USA [email protected] S ERGIO M ORENO Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca Spain [email protected] FABIOLA M ORETTI Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Council of Research/Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory “Regina Elena” Cancer Institute Rome Italy [email protected] E IICHIRO M ORI Department of Biology Nara Medical University School of Medicine Kashihara, Nara Japan [email protected] A KIRA M ORIMOTO Department of Pediatrics Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan [email protected]

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PAT J. M ORIN Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]

H. K. M ÜLLER -H ERMELINK Institute of Pathology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany [email protected]

C HRISTINE M. M ORRIS Cancer Genetics Research Group University of Otago at Christchurch Christchurch New Zealand [email protected]

L OIS M. M ULLIGAN Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine Queen’s University Kingston, ON Canada [email protected]

G ABRIELA M ÖSLEIN Chefärztin für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie Bochum Germany [email protected] C YNTHIA C. M ORTON Department of Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA USA [email protected] J USTIN L. M OTT Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected] S PYRO M OUSSES Cancer Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] S EBASTIAN M UELLER Department of Medicine Salem Medical Center, Heidelberg, Center of Alcohol Research Liver Disease and Nutrition and University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] S USETTE C. M UELLER Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC USA [email protected] R OLF M ÜLLER Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) Philipps-University Marburg Marburg Germany [email protected]

R AMACHANDRAN M URALI Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] K ENJI M URO Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago, IL USA [email protected] E DWARD L. M URPHY University of California, School of Medicine San Francisco, CA USA [email protected] PAUL G. M URRAY CRUK Institute for Cancer Studies, Molecular Pharmacology, Medical School University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [email protected] M ARKUS M ÜSCHEN Leukemia and Lymphoma Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] R UTH J. M USCHEL Radiation Oncology and Biology University of Oxford Oxford, UK [email protected] A KIRA N AGANUMA Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan [email protected]

List of Contributors

S HIGEKAZU N AGATA Osaka University Medical School Osaka Japan [email protected] R ITA N AHTA Department of Breast Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] A KIRA N AKAGAWARA Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute Chiba Japan [email protected] T ETSUYA N AKATSURA Section for Frontier Medicine, Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture Japan [email protected] PATRIZIA N ANNI Section of Cancer Research Department of Experimental Pathology University of Bologna Bologna Italy [email protected] Z VI N AOR Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv Israel [email protected] K EVIN T. N ASH Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama-Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] C HRISTIAN C. N AUS Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC Canada [email protected]

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T IM S. N AWROT Division of Lung Toxicology Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (T.S.N.) and the Studies Coordinating Centre (J.A.S.) Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Department of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Leuven Leuven Belgium [email protected] D AVID F. N ELLIS Biopharmaceutical Development Program SAIC-Frederick, Inc. National Cancer Institute-Frederick Frederick, MD USA [email protected] P ETER N ELSON Divisions of Public Health Sciences, Human Biology and Clinical Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA USA [email protected] K ENNETH P. N EPHEW Medical Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine Bloomington, IN USA [email protected] K ORNELIA N EVELING Department of Human Genetics University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany [email protected] B RAD W N EVILLE Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA [email protected] K LAUS N EUHAUS Department of Operative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern Switzerland [email protected] I RENE O. L. N G Department of Pathology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong [email protected]

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D UC N GUYEN Associate Research Scientist Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT USA [email protected]

L ARRY N ORTON Breast Cancer Medicine Service Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY USA [email protected]

C AROLE N ICCO Faculté de Médecine Paris – Descartes UPRES 18-33, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin – Saint Vincent de Paul Paris France [email protected]

F RANCISCO J. N OVO Department of Genetics University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain [email protected]

S ANTO V. N ICOSIA Molecular Oncology Program & Research Institute, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa, FL USA [email protected]

R USLAN N OVOSYADLYY Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases Departmant of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY USA [email protected]

A NNE T. N IES Division of Tumor Biochemistry German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany [email protected] M. A NGELA N IETO Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante CSIC-UMH Sant Joan d’Alacant Spain [email protected] O MGO E. N IEWEG Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] J ONAS N ILSSON Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicin Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska academy at Göteborg University Göteborg Sweden [email protected] E WA N INIO INSERM UMRS Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris Paris France [email protected] D OUGLAS N OONAN University of Insubria Varese Italy [email protected]

N OA N OY Department of Pharmacology Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH USA [email protected] H ALA H. N SOULI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services Washington, DC USA [email protected] L AUREN M. N UNEZ Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center LSUHSC-School of Medicine Shreveport, LA USA [email protected] A NDRÉ O BERTHÜR Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Children’s Hospital University of Cologne Cologne Germany [email protected] TAKAHIRO O CHIYA Section for Studies on Metastasis National Cancer Center Research Institute Chuo-ku, Tokyo Japan [email protected]

List of Contributors

J AMES P. B. O’C ONNOR Imaging Science University of Manchester Manchester UK james.o'[email protected] S ARAH T. O’D WYER Department of Surgery University of Manchester Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK [email protected] S TEFAN O FFERMANNS Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany [email protected] A NAT O HALI Cancer Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] TAKEO O HNISHI Department of Biology Nara Medical University School of Medicine Kashihara, Nara Japan [email protected] H ITOSHI O HNO Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan [email protected] K EVIN R. O LDENBURG MatriCal, Inc. Spokane, WA USA [email protected] M AGALI O LIVIER Group of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Biomarkers International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization Lyon Cedex 08 France [email protected] M ILITSAKH O N Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA [email protected]

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R UTH M. O’R EGAN Winship Cancer Institute Emory University Atlanta, GA USA [email protected] G ERTRAUD O REND Departement Klinisch-Biologische Wissenschaften (DKBW) Center for Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics University of Basel Basel Switzerland [email protected] M AKOTO O SANAI Department of Pathology Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan [email protected] E DUARDO O SINAGA Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay [email protected] F RANCISO R UIZ -C ABELLO O SUNA Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain [email protected] G. O TT Institute of Pathology Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus Stuttgart Germany [email protected] C HRISTIAN O TTENSMEIER CRC Wessex Oncology Unit, Southampton General Hospital and Tenovous Laboratory Southampton University Hospital Trust Southampton UK [email protected] I WATA O ZAKI Health Administration Center Saga Medical School Saga University Saga Japan [email protected]

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S HUJI O ZAKI Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences Tokushima Japan [email protected] H ELEN PACE Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, OH USA [email protected] S IMON C. PACEY Cancer Research UK Center for Cancer Therapeutics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton, Surrey UK [email protected] P IER PAOLO PANDOLFI Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences NY USA [email protected] K LAUS PANTEL Universitäts-Krankenhaus Eppendorf Hamburg Germany [email protected] M ELISSA C. PAOLONI National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research Comparative Oncology Program Bethesda, MD USA [email protected],gov E VANGELIA PAPADIMITRIOU Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Patras Greece [email protected] ATHANASIOS G. PAPAVASSILIOU Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School University of Athens Goudi, Athens Greece [email protected] S ABITHA PAPINENI Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University College Station, TX USA [email protected]

B EN H O PARK The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD USA [email protected] G EOFF J. M. PARKER Imaging Science University of Manchester Manchester UK [email protected] S ARAH J. PARSONS University of Virginia Charlotteville, VA USA [email protected] O NEEL PATEL Department of Surgery University of Melbourne, Austin Health Melbourne, VIC Australia [email protected] PATRIZIA PATERLINI -B RÉCHOT INSERM Unit 807, Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants Malades, Paris V, Paris France [email protected] Y VONNE PATERSON Professor of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] K ONAN P ECK Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Republic of China [email protected] F LORENCE P EDEUTOUR Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics Nice University Hospital and CNRS UMR 6543 Faculty of Medicine Nice France [email protected] D AN P EER Departments of Anesthesia and Immunology, CBR Institute for Biomedical Research Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

M IGUEL A. P EINADO Institue of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) Badalona Barcelona, Spain [email protected]

G ODEFRIDUS J. P ETERS Department of Medical Oncology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected]

A NGEL P ELLICER Department of Pathology New York University School of Medicine New York, NY USA [email protected]

M ARLEEN M. R. P ETIT Department of Human Genetics University of Leuven Leuven Belgium [email protected]

J UHA P ELTONEN Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland [email protected]

P ETER P ETZELBAUER Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria [email protected]

S IRKKU P ELTONEN Department of Dermatology University of Turku Turku Finland [email protected]

C LAUDIA P FÖHLER Department of Dermatology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar, Germany [email protected]

J OSEF M. P ENNINGER Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria [email protected]

M ICHAEL P FREUNDSCHUH Klinik für Innere Medizin I Universität des Saarlandes Homburg Germany [email protected]

M AIKEL P. P EPPELENBOSCH University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands [email protected]

P HILIP A. P HILIP Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University Detroit, MI USA [email protected]

M ÓNICA P ÉREZ -R ÍOS Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Santiago de Compostela C/San Francisco Spain [email protected]

M ARCO A. P IEROTTI Scientific Director IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Foundation Milan Italy [email protected]

F RANCISCO G. P ERNAS National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda, MD USA

PAOLA P IETRANGELI Department of Biochemical Sciences-A. Rossi Fanelli Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy [email protected]

S ILVERIO P ERROTTA Department of Pediatrics Second University of Naples Naples Italy [email protected]

T ORSTEN P IETSCH Institut für Neuropathologie Universitätskliniken Bonn, Bonn Germany Kinderchirurgie [email protected]

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List of Contributors

M ICHAEL P ISHVAIAN Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Washington, DC USA [email protected] E LLEN S. P IZER Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore, MD USA C HRISTOPH P LASS German cancer Research cener (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany [email protected] L EONIDAS C. P LATANIAS Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, IL USA [email protected] J EFFREY L. P LATT Transplantation Biology and the Departments of Surgery Immunology and Pediatrics Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA [email protected] M ARK R. P LAYER Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development Exton, PA USA [email protected] I RIS M. C. VAN DER P LOEG Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] K LAUS P ODAR Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA USA [email protected] M IRIAM C. P OIRIER National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

J EFFREY W. P OLLARD Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women’s Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY USA [email protected] S IMONA P OLO University of Milan, Medical School Milan Italy [email protected] B RUCE A. J. P ONDER Department of Oncology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK [email protected] M IRCO P ONZONI Differentiation Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital Genoa Italy [email protected] B EATRICE L. P OOL -Z OBEL Nutritional Toxicology Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena Jena Germany [email protected] C HRISTOPHER S. P OTTEN Epistem Ltd and School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK [email protected] A NNEMARIE P OUSTKA Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany [email protected] M ARISSA V. P OWERS Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton, Surrey UK [email protected] G ARTH P OWIS Department of Experimental Therapeutics M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

G RAZIELLA P RATESI Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy [email protected] G EORGE C. P RENDERGAST Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology Jefferson Medical School Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Wynnewood, PA USA [email protected] V ICTOR G. P RIETO Department of Pathology The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] K EVIN M. P RISE Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK [email protected] K ATHY P RITCHARD -J ONES Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey UK [email protected] A MANDA H. P ROWSE Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK [email protected] C HING -H ON P UI St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN USA [email protected] K AREN P ULFORD Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK [email protected] T ERESA G ÓMEZ D EL P ULGAR Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC, Madrid Spain

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C HAO -N AN Q IAN Laboratory of Cancer Genetics Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids, MI USA [email protected] J IAHUA Q IAN Cancer Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] H ARTMUT M. R ABES Institute of Pathology University of Munich Munich Germany [email protected] D IRK R ADES Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck Germany [email protected] J ERALD P. R ADICH Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA USA [email protected] N ORMAN S. R ADIN Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected] F ULVIO D ELLA R AGIONE Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Second University of Naples Naples Italy [email protected] RYAN L. R AGLAND Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected] AYYAPPAN K. R AJASEKARAN Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected]

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S IGRID A. R AJASEKARAN Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] J AYADEV R AJU Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada Ottawa, ONT Canada [email protected] S. R AMAKRISHNAN Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN USA [email protected] K OTA V. R AMANA Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University Of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX USA [email protected] S ANTIAGO R AMÓN Y C AJAL Department of Pathology, Vall d’ Hebron University Hospital Barcelona Spain [email protected] G IORGIA R ANDI Department of Epidemiology Institute for Farmacological Research Mario Negri Milan Italy [email protected] M ARIUSZ Z. R ATAJCZAK Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville Louisville, KY USA [email protected] A NKE R ATTENHOLL Department of Dermatology University of Münster Münster Germany [email protected] A LBERTO R AVAIOLI Department of Oncology Infermi Hospital Rimini Italy [email protected]

M IRA R. R AY Department of Urologic Sciences The Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, BC Canada [email protected] R OGER R EDDEL Children’s Medical Research Institute Westmead, NSW Australia [email protected] M AY R EED Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Washington Seattle, WA USA [email protected] E DUARDO M. R EGO Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil [email protected] R EUVEN R EICH Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel [email protected] J EAN -M ARIE R EIMUND Service d’Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Université de Caen-Basse Normandie Caen France [email protected] C ELSO A. R EIS Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Medical Faculty of Porto Porto Portugal [email protected] L ING R EN National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research Pediatric Oncology Branch Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] ANDREW G. RENEHAN Department of Surgery University of Manchester Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK [email protected]

List of Contributors

M ARCUS R ENNER Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany [email protected] PAUL S. R ENNIE The Richard Ivey School of Business University of Western Ontario London, ONT Canada [email protected] D OMENICO R IBATTI Department of Human Anatomy and Histology University of Bari Medical School Bari Italy [email protected] R AUL C. R IBEIRO Department of Oncology St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN USA [email protected] D ES R. R ICHARDSON Department of Pathology University of Sydney NSW, Australia [email protected] A NN R ICHMOND Department of Cancer Biology Vanderbilt University Medical School Nashville, TN USA [email protected] V ICTORIA M. R ICHON Merck Research Laboratories Boston, MA USA [email protected]

C ARRIE R INKER -S CHAFFER Department of Surgery, Section of Urology The University of Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected] TADEUSZ R OBAK Department of Hematology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland [email protected] F REDIKA M. R OBERTSON The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] C RISTINA R ODRÍGUEZ National Cancer Institute of Research (CNIO) Madrid Spain J OSE L UIS R ODRÍGUEZ -F ERNÁNDEZ Departamento de Fisiología Celular y Molecular Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Madrid Spain [email protected] C ARLOS RODRIGUEZ-GALINDO Department of Oncology St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN USA [email protected]

J USTIN L. R ICKER Merck Research Laboratories Upper Gwynedd, PA USA

D EREK L E R OITH Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases Departmant of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY USA [email protected]

T HOMAS R IED Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

W OLF C. R OLAND Biomedical Research Centre University of Dundee Dundee UK [email protected]

M AARTJE C. VAN R IJK Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected]

Z E ’ EV R ONAI Signal Transduction Program Burnham Institute for Medical Research La Jolla, CA USA [email protected]

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L UCA R ONCUCCI Department of Medicine University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy [email protected]

L UCA R UBINO Department of Immunology Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca Rozzano, Milan Italy [email protected]

I GOR B. R ONINSON Department of Molecular Genetics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected]

M ARCO R UGGIERO Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology University of Firenze Firenze Italy [email protected]

E LIOT M. R OSEN Long Island Jewish Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY USA [email protected] C AROL L. R OSENBERG Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA USA [email protected] S TEVEN A. R OSENZWEIG Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA [email protected] A NGELO R OSOLEN Department of Pediatrics, Hemato-oncology Unit University of Padua Padova Italy [email protected] J EFFREY S. R OSS Albany Medical College Albany, NY USA [email protected]

Z ORAN R UMBOLDT Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA T HOMAS M. R ÜNGER Department of Dermatology Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA USA [email protected] E RKKI R UOSLAHTI Vascular Mapping Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research at University of California Santa Barbara, CA USA [email protected] D ARIO R USCIANO Friedrich Miescher Institute Basel Switzerland [email protected] G IANDOMENICO R USSO Istituto Demopatico dell’Immacolata Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Roma, Italy [email protected]

T HEODORA S. R OSS Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected]

I RMA H. R USSO Breast Cancer Research Laboratory Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

A LBERTO R UANO -R AVINA Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Santiago de Compostela C/San Francisco Spain [email protected]

J OSE R USSO Breast Cancer Research Laboratory Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

J. RYAN Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA

T OSHIYUKI S AKAI Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan [email protected]

J AMES T. R UTKA The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre The Hospital for Sick Children The University of Toronto Toronto, ONT USA [email protected]

B ODOUR S ALHIA Cancer and Cell Biology Division The Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix, AZ USA [email protected]

A NNE T HOUSTRUP S ABER National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark [email protected]

H ELMUT R AINER S ALIH Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital of Tuebingen Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen Germany [email protected]

G AURI S ABNIS University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected] M OHAMAD S EYED S ADR Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC Canada [email protected] S TEPHEN S AFE Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University College Station, TX USA [email protected]

B ETH A. S ALMON Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Florida Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] H OWARD W. S ALMON Department of Radiation Oncology North Florida Radiation Oncology Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] R AED S AMARA Cancer Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

X AVIER S AGAERT Department of Pathology University Hospitals of K.U. Leuven Leuven Belgium [email protected]

J ULIAN R. S AMPSON Institute of Medical Genetics Cardiff University Heath Park, Cardiff UK [email protected]

A SIM S AHA University of Cincinnati and The Barrett Cancer Center Cincinnatti, OH USA [email protected]

M ANORANJAN S ANTRA Neurology Research Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI USA [email protected]

K UNAL S AIGAL National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

F RANK S ARAN Department of Radiotherapy and Paediatric Oncology Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Sutton, Surrey UK [email protected]

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D EVANAND S ARKAR Departments of Urology, Pathology and Neurosurgery Columbia University Medical Center College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY USA [email protected] FAZLUL H. S ARKAR Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University Detroit, MI USA [email protected] D EBASHIS S ARKER Cancer Research UK Center for Cancer Therapeutics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton, Surrey UK [email protected] S TEPHANIE S ASSE Hematology and Oncology University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine I Cologne Germany [email protected] L EONARD A. S AUER Bassett Research Institute Cooperstown, NY USA [email protected] C HRISTOBEL S AUNDERS School of Surgery and Pathology, QEII Medical Centre University of Western Australia Crawley, WA Australia [email protected] C ONSTANCE L. L. S AW Department of Pharmacy National University of Singapore Singapore [email protected]

R ON H. N. VAN S CHAIK Department of Clinical Chemistry Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands [email protected] M ANFRED S CHARTL Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany [email protected] H UUB S CHELLEKENS Department of Innovation Studies Central Laboratory Animal Institute Utrecht University, TD Utrecht The Netherlands [email protected] D ETLEV S CHINDLER Department of Human Genetics University of Wurzburg Wurzburg, Germany [email protected] P ETER M. S CHLAG Klinik für Chirurgie und Chirurgische Onkologie Robert Rössle-Klinik, Charité Berlin-Buch Germany [email protected] M ARTIN S CHLUMBERGER Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif and Université Paris-Sud 11, Paris France [email protected] P ETER S CHMEZER Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

A NURAG S AXENA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon Health Region/ University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada [email protected]

A NNETTE S CHMITT-G RAEFF Institute of Pathology University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany [email protected]

R EINHOLD S CHÄFER Molecular Tumor Pathology Institute of Pathology Berlin Germany [email protected]

D OMINIK T. S CHNEIDER Clinic of Pediatrics Klinikum Dortmund Dortmund Germany [email protected]

List of Contributors

S TEFAN W. S CHNEIDER Department of Dermatology University of Münster Münster Germany [email protected]

M ARKUS S CHWAIGER Department of Nuclear Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany [email protected]

S USANNE S CHNITTGER MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory Munich Germany [email protected]

E DWARD L. S CHWARTZ Department of Oncology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY USA [email protected]

N ATHALIE S CHOLLER Center for Research on Early Detection and Cure of Ovarian Cancer, School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] A XEL H. S CHÖNTHAL University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] Y VONNE M. S CHRAGE Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] H. W. B ART S CHREUDER Department of Orthopaedics Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands [email protected] L AURA W. S CHRUM Department of Biology The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC USA [email protected] W OLFGANG A. S CHULZ Department of Urology Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Germany [email protected] M ANFRED S CHWAB Tumour Genetics German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

D IETRICH VON S CHWEINITZ Universitäts-Kinderspital beider Basel (UKBB) Basel Switzerland B ÉATRICE S ECRETAN IARC/WHO, Group Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation Lyon Cedex France [email protected] R ONY S EGER Department of Biological Regulation Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel [email protected] G AIL M. S EIGEL Department of Ophthalmology University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY USA [email protected] H IROYUKI S EIMIYA Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Koto-ku, Tokyo Japan [email protected] PAULE S EITE Pôle Biologie Santé University of Poitiers Poitiers cedex France [email protected] H ELMUT K. S EITZ Department of Medicine Salem Medical Center, Heidelberg, Center of Alcohol Research Liver Disease and Nutrition and University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany [email protected]

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List of Contributors

W ILLIAM R. S ELLERS Harvard Medical School Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA USA [email protected] P ERIASAMY S ELVARAJ Department of Pathology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA USA [email protected] M ARIE G. S ELZER Department of Urology, Cell Biology and Anatomy Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL USA [email protected] S UBRATA S EN Department of Molecular Pathology (Unit 951) The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] V ITALYI S ENYUK Department of Medicine (M/C 737), College of Medicine Research Building University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected] N EDIME S ERAKINCI Anatomy and Neurobiology Institute of Medical Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark [email protected] C HRISTINE S ERS Institute of Pathology University Medicine Charité Berlin Germany [email protected] V IJAYASARADHI S ETALURI Department of Dermatology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Sciences Madison, WI USA [email protected]

J OHN F. S EYMOUR Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and the University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC Australia [email protected] R ABIA K S HAHID Saskatoon Cancer Center University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK Canada [email protected] G IRISH V. S HAH Department of Pharmacology University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy Monroe, LA USA [email protected] A. S HARMA Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA R ICKY A. S HARMA Radiation Oncology and Biology University of Oxford Churchill Hospital Oxford UK [email protected] J ERRY W. S HAY University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX USA [email protected] S HIJIE S HENG Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine Karmanos Cancer Institute Detroit, MI USA [email protected] D ONNA S HEWACH Department of Pharmacology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected] I E -M ING S HIH Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

K ENTARO S HIKATA Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan [email protected] Y OSEF S HILOH Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel [email protected] H YUNSUK S HIM Department of Hematology/Oncology Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Atlanta, GA USA [email protected] Y UTAKA S HIMADA Department of Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan [email protected] Y ONG -B EOM S HIN BioNanotechnology Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea [email protected]

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A NTONIO S ICA Department of Immunology Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca Rozzano, Milan Italy [email protected] G ENE P. S IEGAL Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, and Surgery and the Gene Therapy Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] D IETMAR W. S IEMANN Department of Radiation Oncology University of Florida Gainesville, FL USA [email protected] C HRISTINE L. E. S IEZEN National Institute of Public Health and Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands [email protected] A LEXANDRA C. S ILVEIRA Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected]

T OSHI S HIODA Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research Charlestown, MA USA [email protected]

D IANE M. S IMEONE Department of Surgery University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected]

J ANET S HIPLEY The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton Surrey UK [email protected]

H ANS -U WE S IMON Department of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern, Switzerland [email protected]

G IRJA S. S HUKLA Department of Surgery, Vermont Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine University of Vermont Burlington, VT USA [email protected]

A MRIK J. S INGH Department of Pathology Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA USA [email protected]

A RTHUR S HULKES Department of Surgery University of Melbourne, Austin Health Melbourne, VIC Australia [email protected]

S HREE R AM S INGH Mouse Cancer Genetics Program National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick, MD USA [email protected]

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V INEETA S INGH School of Surgery and Pathology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands, WA Australia [email protected]

J OSEF S MOLLE Department of Dermatology Medical University Graz Graz Austria [email protected]

L ILLIAN L. S IU Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Robert and Maggie Bras and Family New Drug Development Program Princess Margaret Hospital Toronto, ONT Canada [email protected]

LYNN S NIDERHAN Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Rochester, NY USA [email protected]

A NITA S JÖLANDER Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University, Malmo University Hospital Malmo Sweden [email protected]

R OBERT W. S OBOL Department of Pharmacology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

J. S KONER Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA K EITH S KUBITZ Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN USA [email protected] C HRISTOPHER S LAPE Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] K EIRAN S. M. S MALLEY The Wistar Institute Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

A LEXANDER S. S OBOLEV Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia [email protected] G RAZIELLA S OLINAS Department of Immunology Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca Rozzano, Milan Italy [email protected] T OSHIYA S OMA Department of Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan [email protected]

L UBOMIR B. S MILENOV Department of Radiation Oncology Columbia University New York, NY USA [email protected]

PAVEL S OUCEK Group for Biotransformations, Center of Occupational Medicine National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic [email protected]

B RUCE F. S MITH Scott-Ritchey Research Center College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn, AL USA [email protected]

T HOMAS D. S OUTHGATE Paterson Institute for Cancer Research University of Manchester Manchester UK [email protected]

List of Contributors

L ORENZO S PAGGIARI Department of Thoracic Surgery European Institute of Oncology Milan Italy [email protected] D AVID W. S PEICHER The Wistar Institute Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] VALERIE S PEIRS Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK [email protected] D IETMAR S PENGLER Max-Panck-Institut für Psychiatrie München Germany [email protected] P HILLIPPE E. S PIESS Department of Urologic Oncology University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] C HRISTOPH S PRINGFELD Department of Internal Medicine IV University of Heidelberg Hospital Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

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M. S HARON S TACK Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, IL USA [email protected] J AN A. S TAESSEN Division of Lung Toxicology Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (T.S.N.) and the Studies Coordinating Centre (J.A.S.) Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Department of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Leuven Leuven Belgium [email protected] L. J OE S TAFFORD Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama-Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] E RIC S TANBRIDGE Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of California Irvine, CA USA [email protected] B ARRY S TAYMATES Department of Pathology Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital Valencia, CA USA [email protected] S TACEY S TEIN Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine UMDMJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway, NJ USA

L AKSHMAIAH S REERAMA Department of Chemistry St. Cloud State University St. Cloud, MN USA [email protected]

M ARTIN S TEINHOFF Department of Dermatology University of Münster Münster Germany [email protected]

S ATISH K. S RIVASTAVA Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University Of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX USA [email protected]

A LEXANDER S TEINLE Department of Immunology Institute for Cell Biology Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen Germany [email protected]

S UDHIR S RIVASTAVA Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute Rockville, MD USA [email protected]

C ARSTEN S TEPHAN Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Campus Charité Mitte Berlin Germany [email protected]

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List of Contributors

P ETER L. S TERN Cancer Research UK Immunology Group Paterson Institute for Cancer Research Manchester, UK [email protected] W ILLIAM G. S TETLER -S TEVENSON Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Cell and Cancer Biology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] R ICHARD G. S TEVENS University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT USA [email protected] F REDA S TEVENSON CRC Wessex Oncology Unit, Southampton General Hospital and Tenovous Laboratory Southampton University Hospital Trust Southampton UK W ILLIAM P. S TEWARD Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester Leicester UK [email protected] C ONSTANTINE A. S TRATAKIS Department of Pediatric Endocrinology NICHD, NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] A LEX Y. S TRONGIN Burnham Institute for Medical Research La Jolla, CA USA [email protected] G ARNET S UCK Health Sciences Authority Centre for Transfusion Medicine Singapore [email protected] PAUL H. S UGARBAKER Washington Cancer Institute, Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC USA [email protected] M AXWELL S UMMERHAYES Roche Products Limited Welwyn Garden City UK [email protected]

B AOCUN S UN Department of Pathology Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Tianjin Cancer Institute Tianjin P.R of China [email protected] D UXIN S UN Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected] S HI -Y ONG S UN Winship Cancer Institute Emory University Atlanta, GA USA [email protected] Z HIFU S UN Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected] S AUL S USTER The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected] S RILATHA S WAMI Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA USA [email protected] R USSELL S ZMULEWITZ Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology The University of Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected] D AY TA Head and Neck Tumor Program Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA [email protected] D IRK TAEGER Berufsgenossenschaftliches Forschungsinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin (BGFA) Institute of Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany [email protected]

List of Contributors

M ASATOSHI TAGAWA Division of Pathology Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute Chiba, Chuo-ku Japan [email protected]

M ASAAKI TAMURA Department of Anatomy and Physiology Kansas State University Manhattan, KS USA [email protected]

Y OSHIKAZU TAKADA UC Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, CA USA [email protected]

TAKUJI TANAKA Deaprtment of Oncologic Pathology Kanazawa Medical University Kanazawa Japan [email protected]

A KIHISA TAKAHASHI Department of Biology Nara Medical University School of Medicine Kashihara, Nara Japan [email protected] T SUTOMU TAKAHASHI Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan [email protected] Y OSHIMI TAKAI Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine Suita Japan [email protected] TAKASHI TAKATA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan [email protected] TAMOTSU TAKEUCHI Department of Pathology Kochi Medical School Kochi Japan [email protected] C ONSTANTINE S. TAM The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] H ARALD TAMMEN Digilab BioVisioN GmbH Hannover Germany [email protected]

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D AVID S. P. TAN Section of Medicine Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital London UK [email protected] D EAN G. TANG Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center Science Park-Research Division Smithville, TX USA [email protected] N IZAR M. TANNIR Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] W EIKANG TAO Department of Cancer Research Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA USA [email protected] C HI TARN Department of Medical Oncology Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] C LIVE R. TAYLOR Departments of Urology and Pathology University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA USA [email protected] J ENNIFER TAYLOR Committee on Cancer Biology The University of Chicago Chicago, IL USA [email protected]

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List of Contributors

A NDREW R. T EE Institute of Medical Genetics Cardiff University Heath Park, Cardiff UK [email protected] AYALEW T EFFERI Division of Hematology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected] B IN T EAN T EH Laboratory of Cancer Genetics Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids, MI USA [email protected] V IGGO VAN T ENDELOO Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Antwerp University Hospital Edegem Belgium [email protected] J OSEPH R. T ESTA Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected] J OHN T HACKER Medical Research Council Radiation and Genome Stability Unit Harwell, Oxfordshire UK [email protected] R AJESH V. T HAKKER Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington Oxford UK [email protected] N ICHOLAS B. L A T HANGUE Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Davidson Building University of Glasgow Glasgow UK [email protected] D AN T HEODORESCU Department of Urology University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA USA [email protected]

PANAYIOTIS A. T HEODOROPOULOS Department of Basic Sciences The University of Crete, School of Medicine Heraklion, Crete Greece K ARL -H EINZ T HIERAUCH Therapeutic Research Group Oncology Bayer Schering Pharma AG Berlin Germany [email protected] M EGAN N. T HOBE University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH USA [email protected] G ARETH J. T HOMAS Institute of Cancer, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK [email protected] N ATALIE T HOMAS Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Melbourne, VIC Australia [email protected] P ETER T HOMAS Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences Creighton University Omaha, NE USA [email protected] S VEN T HOMS Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Neurology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany [email protected] A NDREW T HORBURN University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center Aurora, CO USA [email protected] M AGNUS T HÖRN Department of Surgery (MT) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden [email protected]

List of Contributors

D ERYA T ILKI Department of Urology University Hospital Groβhadern Munich Germany [email protected]

M ASSIMO T OMMASINO Infections and Cancer Biology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France [email protected]

D ONALD J. T INDALL Department of Urology Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota USA [email protected]

A NTONIO T ONINELLO Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy [email protected]

U MBERTO T IRELLI National Cancer Institute Aviano Italy [email protected] M ARTIN T OBI Section of Gastroenterology Detroit VAMC, Detroit MI USA [email protected] P EIKERT T OBIAS Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester USA [email protected] P HILIP J. T OFILON Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Drug Discovery Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute University of South Florida Tampa, FL USA [email protected] H ENRIK T OFT S ØRENSEN Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus C Denmark M ASAKAZU T OI Department of Surgery (Breast Surgery) Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Bunkyo-ku, Kyoto Japan [email protected] A MANDA E WART T OLAND Division of Human Cancer Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA [email protected]

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J EFFREY A. T ORETSKY Departments of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Washington DC, NW USA [email protected] J ORGE R. T ORO National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] T IFFANY A. T RAINA Breast Cancer Medicine Service Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY USA [email protected] L UBA T RAKHTENBROT Head of Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory Institute of Hematology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Israel [email protected] P IERRE -L UC T REMBLAY Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l’Université Laval Québec, QC Canada [email protected] G REGORY J. T SAY Department of Medicine, Institute of Immunology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan [email protected] A POSTOLIA -M ARIA T SIMBERIDOU Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

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List of Contributors

K UNIHIRO T SUCHIDA Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS) Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan [email protected]

S PECKS U LRICH Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester USA [email protected]

N OBUO T SUCHIDA Department of Molecular Cellular Oncology and Microbiology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan [email protected]

N ICK U NDERHILL -D AY School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [email protected]

M EHMET K EMAL T UR Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany [email protected] G REG T URENCHALK Senior Bioinformatics Developer 454 Life Sciences Branford, CT USA [email protected] A NDREW S. T URNELL Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies The Medical School The University of Birmingham Birmingham UK [email protected] M ICHELLE C. T URNER McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment Institute of Population Health University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON Canada [email protected]

R OSEMARIE A. U NGARELLI Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA USA [email protected] A NTTI VAHERI Haartman Institute University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland [email protected] K EDAR S. VAIDYA Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] I LAN VAKNIN The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem Israel [email protected] A NNE M. VAN B USKIRK Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Colombus, OH USA [email protected]

T HOMAS T ÜTING Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology Department of Dermatology University of Bonn Bonn Germany [email protected]

M ICHAEL W. VAN D YKE Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

S ALVATORE U LISSE Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome-Sapienza Rome Italy [email protected]

C ARTER VAN WAES National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

G EORGE F. VANDE W OUDE Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids, MI USA [email protected] W IM VANDEN B ERGHE Lab of Eukaryotic Gene Expression LEGEST-University Gent Gent Belgium [email protected] S AKARI VANHARANTA Department of Medical Genetics Biomedicum Helsinki University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland [email protected] R OBERTA VANNI Department of Biomedical Science & Technology University of Cagliari Monserrato (CA), Italy [email protected] J UDITH A. VARNER Moores UCSD Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA USA [email protected] A IKATERINI T. VASILAKI University Department of Surgery Royal Infirmary Glasgow UK [email protected] P ETER VAUPEL Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Mainz Mainz, Germany [email protected]

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M ARCEL V ERHEIJ Department of Radiotherapy The Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] M UKESH V ERMA Analytical Epidemiology Research Branch, Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD USA [email protected] R AKESH V ERMA Antisoma Research Laboratories, St. George’s Hospital Medical School London, UK [email protected] S RDAN V ERSTOVSEK MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Houston, TX USA [email protected] R ENÉ P. H. V ETH Department of Orthopaedics Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands [email protected] GJ V ILLARES Department of Cancer Biology The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA A KILA N. V ISWANATHAN Brigham and Women’s/Dana-Farber Cancer Center Boston, MA USA [email protected]

G UILLERMO V ELASCO Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I School of Biology Complutense University Madrid Spain [email protected]

K RIS V LEMINCKX Department of Molecular Biology Ghent University – VIB Ghent Belgium [email protected]

A SHOK R. V ENKITARAMAN Hutchison/MRC Cancer Research Centre Cambridge UK [email protected]

I SRAEL V LODAVSKY Department of Oncology Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem Israel [email protected]

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List of Contributors

M ARTINA V OCKERODT Department of Pediatrics I, Children’s Hospital Georg-August University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany [email protected]

D ONGMEI WANG Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Washington, DC USA [email protected]

C HARLES L. V OGEL Sylvester Cancer Center, School of Medicine University of Miami Plantation, FL USA [email protected]

G ANG WANG Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, NY USA [email protected]

T ILMAN V OGEL Department of Surgery Krankenhaus Maria Hilf Mönchengladbach Germany [email protected]

J IANGHUA WANG Department of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX USA

U LLA V OGEL National Research Centre for the Working Environment København Ø Denmark [email protected] D ANIEL D. VON H OFF Arizona Cancer Center Tucson, AZ USA [email protected] A LIREZA V OSOUGH Department of Radiotherapy Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Sutton, Surrey UK [email protected] C HRISTOPH WAGENER Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany [email protected] S ABINE WAGNER Department of Pediatrics Klinik St. Hedwig, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Regensburg Germany [email protected] H ÅKAN WALLIN National Research Centre for the Working Environment København Ø Denmark [email protected] S USAN E. WALTZ Shriner’s Hospital for Children Cincinnati, OH USA [email protected]

R ONG -F U WANG Departments of Pathology and Immunology Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX USA [email protected] X IANG -D ONG WANG Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston, MA USA [email protected] X IANGHONG WANG Department of Anatomy The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China [email protected] Y U WANG Department of Medicine and Genome Research Center University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China [email protected] PATRICK WARNAT Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany [email protected] K OUNOSUKE WATABE Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine Springfield, IL USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

VALERIE M. W EAVER Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco, CA USA [email protected] S COTT A. W EED Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center West Virginia University Morgantown, WV USA [email protected] O LIVER W EIGERT Department of Internal Medicine III University of Munich, Großhadern München Germany [email protected] E UGENE D. W EINBERG Biology and Medical Sciences Indiana University Bloomington, IN USA [email protected] I. B ERNARD W EINSTEIN Columbia University New York, NY USA [email protected] E LLEN W EISBERG Department of Medical Oncology Dana Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA USA [email protected] L AWRENCE M. W EISS Division of Pathology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte, CA USA [email protected] D ANNY R. W ELCH Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] S ARAH J. W ELSH Harris Manchester College University of Oxford Oxford UK [email protected]

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TANIA M. W ELZEL Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected] C LAUDIA W ENDEL Department of General Surgery University Hospital Münster Münster Germany [email protected] TAMRA E. W ERBOWETSKI -O GILVIE McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute Hamilton, ON Canada [email protected] F RANK W ESTERMANN German Cancer Research Center Department of Tumour Genetics Heidelberg Germany [email protected] A INSLEY W ESTON National Institute for Occupational Safety and health, CDC Morgantown, WV USA [email protected] L INDA C. W HELAN UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland [email protected] R OBERT P. W HITEHEAD Department on Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX USA [email protected] T HERESA L. W HITESIDE University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected] A NDREAS W ICKI Department of Clinical-Biological Sciences, Centre of Biomedicine Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel Basel Switzerland [email protected]

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List of Contributors

C AROL W ICKING Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD Australia [email protected]

C HRISTIANE D E W OLF -P EETERS Department of Pathology University Hospitals of K.U. Leuven Leuven Belgium [email protected]

E DWIN VAN W IJNGAARDEN Department of Community and Preventive Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY USA [email protected]

C. M. W ONG Department of Pathology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong [email protected]

E LIZABETH D. W ILLIAMS Cancer Metastasis Laboratory Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Clayton, VIC Australia [email protected] J AMES P. W ILMOT Cancer Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY USA O LA W INQVIST Department of Medicine (OW) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden [email protected] J OHN P IERCE W ISE Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health University of Southern Maine Portland, ME USA [email protected] O LAF W ITT CCU Pediatric Oncology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

D ORI C. W OODS Walther Cancer Research Center University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN USA [email protected] PAUL W ORKMAN Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton, Surrey UK [email protected] T HOMAS W ORZFELD Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany [email protected] X IFENG W U Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] G UANG -H UI X IAO Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA USA [email protected]

I SAAC P. W ITZ Department of Cell Research and Immunology Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel [email protected]

J IANMING X U Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX USA [email protected]

I DO W OLF Institute of Oncology and the Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel [email protected]

T IAN X U Professor and Vice Chair of Genetics Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

J UDY W. P. YAM Department of Pathology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong [email protected]

H ELEN L. Y IN Department of Physiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX USA [email protected]

S HO - ICHI YAMAGISHI Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume Japan [email protected]

X IAO -M ING Y IN Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

M ICHIKO YAMAMOTO Department of Respiratory Medicine Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan [email protected]

Z HIMIN Y IN College of Life Sicence Nanjing Normal University Nanjing People’s Republic of China [email protected]

H AINING YANG Cancer Research Center of Hawaii University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI USA

K ENNETH W. Y IP Burnham Institute for Medical Research La Jolla CA USA [email protected]

H ONG YANG Cancer Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA [email protected]

H ARRY H. Y OON Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore, MD USA [email protected]

P ING YANG Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN USA [email protected]

J UNG -H WAN Y OON Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Chongno-gu Seoul South Korea [email protected]

M ASAKAZU YASHIRO Department of Surgical Oncology Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan [email protected]

K AZUHIRO Y OSHIDA Department of Surgical Oncology Gifu University School of Medicine Gifu Japan [email protected]

W. A NDREW Y EUDALL Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA USA [email protected]

TATSUSHI Y OSHIDA Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan

M AKSYM V. Y EZHELYEV Winship Cancer Institute Emory University Atlanta, GA USA [email protected]

A NAS Y OUNES Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected]

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List of Contributors

G RAEME P. Y OUNG Flinders Cancer Control Alliance Flinders University Adelaide, SA Australia [email protected]

L AURA P. Z ANELLO Department of Biochemistry University of California-Riverside Riverside, CA USA [email protected]

X IAO Y UAN Research and Development Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Science Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China [email protected]

U WE Z ANGEMEISTER -W ITTKE Department of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern, Switzerland [email protected]

J IAN Y U Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

YAN P ING Y U Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected]

YU YU Department of Pathology University of Sydney NSW Australia [email protected]

A NTHONY P O -W ING Y UEN Division of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, SAR China [email protected]

L EO R. Z ACHARSKI VA Hospital White River Junction VT USA [email protected]

G ERARD P. Z AMBETTI Department of Biochemistry St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN USA [email protected]

A NDREW C. W. Z ANNETTINO IMVS Main Laboratory Adelaide, SA Australia [email protected] B ERTON Z BAR Laboratory of Immunobiology NIH – Frederick Frederick, MD USA [email protected] H ERBERT J. Z EH III University of Pittsburgh, Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected] J ASON A. Z ELL Cancer Prevention Program Division of Hematology/Oncology and Epidemiology Department of Medicine School of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, CA USA [email protected] D ANFANG Z HANG Department of Pathology Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Tianjin Cancer Institute Tianjin P.R of China [email protected] H AO Z HANG The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA [email protected] H ONG Z HANG Biogen Idec San Diego, CA USA [email protected]

List of Contributors

J I -H U Z HANG Lead Discovery Center Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Cambridge, MA USA [email protected] J INPING Z HANG Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX USA L IN Z HANG Biogen Idec San Diego, CA USA [email protected] L IN Z HANG Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA USA [email protected] R UIWEN Z HANG University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected]

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Y UESHENG Z HANG Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY USA [email protected] W EILING Z HAO Department of Radiation Oncology and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC USA [email protected] G UANG -B IAO Z HOU State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, People's Republic of China [email protected] ZENG B. ZHU Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Gene Therapy Center, Division of Human Gene Therapy University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL USA [email protected] M. Z IGLER Department of Cancer Biology The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX USA

S HIWU Z HANG Department of Pathology Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Tianjin Cancer Institute Tianjin P.R of China [email protected]

M ARGOT Z OELLER DKFZ Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

X IN A. Z HANG Vascular Biology Center, Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular Sciences University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN USA [email protected]

M ASSIMO Z OLLO Department of Genetics Faculty of Biotechnological Science Federico II, Naples CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Naples Italy [email protected]

X UEFENG Z HANG Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA [email protected]

E NRIQUE Z UDAIRE NCI Angiogenesis Core Facility, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Advanced Technology Center Gaithersburg, MD USA [email protected]

Y U -W EN Z HANG Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids, MI USA [email protected]

C ARSTEN Z WICK Klinik für Innere Medizin I Universität des Saarlandes Homburg Germany [email protected]