Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins - Springer

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Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins is a key resource that provides basic, ... insights into metalloproteins with the broader community of researchers, students,.
Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins

Robert H. Kretsinger • Vladimir N. Uversky Eugene A. Permyakov Editors

Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins With 1109 Figures and 256 Tables

Editors Robert H. Kretsinger Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA Vladimir N. Uversky Department of Molecular Medicine College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA Eugene A. Permyakov Institute for Biological Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia

ISBN 978-1-4614-1532-9 ISBN 978-1-4614-1533-6 (eBook) ISBN 978-1-4614-1534-3 (print and electronic bundle) DOI 10.1007/ 978-1-4614-1533-6 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013931183 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Metal ions play an essential role in the functioning of all biological systems. All biological processes occur in a milieu of high concentrations of metal ions, and many of these processes depend on direct participation of metal ions. Metal ions interact with charged and polar groups of all biopolymers; those interactions with proteins play an especially important role. The study of structural and functional properties of metal binding proteins is an important and ongoing activity area of modern physical and chemical biology. Thirteen metal ions – sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, nickel, vanadium, tungsten, and molybdenum – are known to be essential for at least some organisms. Metallo-proteomics deals with all aspects of the intracellular and extracellular interactions of metals and proteins. Metal cations and metal binding proteins are involved in all crucial cellular activities. Many pathological conditions are correlated with abnormal metal metabolism. Research in metalloproteomics is rapidly growing and is progressively entering curricula at universities, research institutions, and technical high schools. Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins is a key resource that provides basic, accessible, and comprehensible information about this expanding field. It covers exhaustively all thirteen essential metal ions, discusses other metals that might compete or interfere with them, and also presents information on proteins interacting with other metal ions. Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins is an ideal reference for students, teachers, and researchers, as well as the informed public.

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Acknowledgements

We extend our sincerest thanks to all of the contributors who have shared their insights into metalloproteins with the broader community of researchers, students, and the informed public.

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About the Editors

Robert H. Kretsinger Department of Biology, University of Virginia 395, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA Robert H. Kretsinger is Commonwealth Professor of Biology at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. His research has addressed structure, function, and evolution of several different protein families. His group determined the crystal structure of parvalbumin in 1970. The analysis of this calcium binding protein provided the initial characterization of the helix, loop, helix conformation of the EF-hand domain and of the pair of EF-hands that form an EF-lobe. Over seventy distinct subfamilies of EF-hand proteins have been identified, making this domain one of the most widely distributed in eukaryotes. Dr. Kretsinger has taught courses in protein crystallography, biochemistry, macromolecular structure, and history and philosophy of biology, and has served as chair of his department and of the University Faculty Senate. His “other” career as a sculptor began, before the advent of computer graphics, with space filling models of the EF-hand (www.virginiastonecarvers.com). He has also been an avid cyclist for many decades.

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Vladimir N. Uversky Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA Vladimir N. Uversky is an Associate Professor at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of South Florida (USF). He obtained his academic degrees from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (PhD in 1991) and from the Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (DSc in 1998). He spent his early career working mostly on protein folding at the Institute of Protein Research and Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russia. In 1998, he moved to the University of California, Santa Cruz, where for six years he studied protein folding, misfolding, protein conformation diseases, and protein intrinsic disorder phenomenon. In 2004, he was invited to join the Indiana University School of Medicine as a Senior Research Professor to work on intrinsically disordered proteins. Since 2010, Professor Uversky has been with USF, where he continues to study intrinsically disordered proteins and protein folding and misfolding processes. He has authored over 450 scientific publications and edited several books and book series on protein structure, function, folding and misfolding.

About the Editors

About the Editors

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Eugene A. Permyakov, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Eugene A. Permyakov received his PhD in physics and mathematics at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1976, and defended his Doctor of Sciences dissertation in biology at Moscow State University in 1989. From 1970 to 1994 he worked at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. From 1990 to 1991 and in 1993, Dr. Permyakov worked at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Since 1994 he has been the Director of the Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is a Professor of Biophysics and is known for his work on metal binding proteins and intrinsic luminescence method. He is a member of the Russian Biochemical Society. Dr. Permyakov’s primary research focus is the study of physico-chemical and functional properties of metal binding proteins. He is the author of more than 150 articles and 10 books, including Luminescent Spectroscopy of Proteins (CRC Press, 1993), Metalloproteomics (John Wiley & Sons, 2009), and Calcium Binding Proteins (John Wiley & Sons, 2011). He is an Academic Editor of the journals PLoS ONE and PeerJ, and Editor of the book Methods in Protein Structure and Stability Analysis (Nova, 2007). In his spare time, Dr. Permyakov is an avid jogger, cyclist, and cross country skier.

Section Editors

Sections: Physiological Metals: Ca; Non-Physiological Metals: Pd, Ag

Robert H. Kretsinger Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Section: Physiological Metals: Ca

Eugene A. Permyakov Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia xiii

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Sections: Metalloids; Non-Physiological Metals: Ag, Au, Pt, Be, Sr, Ba, Ra

Vladimir N. Uversky Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

Sections: Physiological Metals: Co, Ni, Cu

Stefano Ciurli Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy

Section Editors

Section Editors

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Sections: Physiological Metals: Cd, Cr

John B. Vincent Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

Section: Physiological Metals: Fe

Elizabeth C. Theil Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

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Sections: Physiological Metals: Mo, W, V

Biswajit Mukherjee Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

Sections: Physiological Metals: Mg, Mn

Andrea Romani Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

Section Editors

Section Editors

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Sections: Physiological Metals: Na, K

Sergei Yu. Noskov Institute for BioComplexity and Informatics and Department for Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

Section: Physiological Metals: Zn

David S. Auld Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Sections: Non-Physiological Metals: Li, Rb, Cs, Fr

Sergei E. Permyakov Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia

Sections: Non-Physiological Metals: Lanthanides, Actinides

Irena Kostova Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria

Section Editors

Section Editors

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Sections: Non-Physiological Metals: Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, Nb, Ta, Tc, Re, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir

Chunying Chen Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety of CAS, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China Sections: Non-Physiological Metals: Hg, Pb

K. Michael Pollard Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

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Sections: Non-Physiological Metals: Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Po

Sandra V. Verstraeten Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Section Editors

List of Contributors

Satoshi Abe Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan Vojtech Adam Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Olayiwola A. Adekoya Pharmacology Research group, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Paul A. Adlard The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia ˚ gren Department of Surgery and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Magnus S. A Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark ˚ kerfeldt Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, Karin A USA Takashiro Akitsu Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Lorenzo Alessio Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Section of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Mamdouh M. Ali Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Dokki, Cairo, Egypt James B. Ames Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Olaf S. Andersen Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Gregory J. Anderson Iron Metabolism Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Janet S. Anderson Department of Chemistry, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA Joa˜o Paulo Andre´ Centro de Quı´mica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal xxi

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Claudia Andreini Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) – University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Alexey N. Antipov A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Tayze T. Antunes Kidney Research Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Varun Appanna Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada Vasu D. Appanna Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada Cristina Arin˜o Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Vladimir B. Arion Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Farukh Arjmand Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India Fabio Arnesano Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy Joan L. Arolas Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain Afolake T. Arowolo Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa Nebojsˇa Arsenijevic´ Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Kragujevac, Serbia Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria Michael Aschner Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA The Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Michael Assfalg Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy William D. Atchison Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

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Bishara S. Atiyeh Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Sı´lvia Atrian Departament de Gene`tica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Christopher Auger Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada David S. Auld Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Scott Ayton The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Eduard B. Babiychuk Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Petr Babula Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Damjan Balabanicˇ Ecology Department, Pulp and Paper Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Wojciech Bal Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Graham S. Baldwin Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia Cynthia Bamdad Minerva Biotechnologies Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA Mario Barbagallo Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Juan Barcelo´ Lab. Fisiologı´a Vegetal, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Auto´noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain Khurram Bashir Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Partha Basu Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Andrea Battistoni Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Mikael Bauer Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Chemical Centre, Lund, Sweden Lukmaan Bawazer School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Carine Bebrone Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Lie`ge, Sart–Tilman, Lie`ge, Belgium Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH–Aachen University, c/o Fraunhofer IME, Aachen, Germany

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Konstantinos Beis Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, South Kensington, UK Membrane Protein Lab, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxforsdhire, UK Catherine Belle De´partement de Chimie Mole´culaire, UMR-CNRS 5250, Universite´ Joseph Fourier, ICMG FR-2607, Grenoble, France Andrea Bellelli Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Gunes Bender Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Stefano Benini Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy Ste´phane L. Benoit Department of Microbiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Tomas Bergman Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Lawrence R. Bernstein Terrametrix, Menlo Park, CA, USA Marla J. Berry Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA Ivano Bertini Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) – University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Gerd Patrick Bienert Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Andrew N. Bigley Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Luis M. Bimbo Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Ohad S. Birk Head, Genetics Institute, Soroka Medical Center Head, Morris Kahn Center for Human Genetics, NIBN and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel Ruth Birner-Gruenberger Institute of Pathology and Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Cristina Bischin Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Florian Bittner Department of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

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Jodi L. Boer Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Judith S. Bond Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA Martin D. Bootman Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK Bhargavi M. Boruah CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China Sheryl R. Bowley Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Doreen Braun Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charite´-Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Davorka Breljak Unit of Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia Leonid Breydo Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Mickael Briens UPR ARN du CNRS, Universite´ de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France Joan B. Broderick Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA James E. Bruce Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Ernesto Brunet Dept. Quı´mica Orga´nica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Maurizio Brunori Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Susan K. Buchanan Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Gabriel E. B€ uchel Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Zˇivadin D. Bugarcˇic´ Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Melisa Bunderson-Schelvan Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA

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Jean-Claude G. B€ unzli Center for Next Generation Photovoltaic Systems, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Jochiwon–eup, Yeongi–gun, ChungNam–do, Republic of Korea E´cole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland John E. Burke Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK Torsten Burkholz Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland State University, Saarbruecken, Germany Bruce S. Burnham Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA Ashley I. Bush The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Kunzheng Cai Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Iva´n L. Caldero´n Laboratorio de Microbiologı´a Molecular, Universidad Andre´s Bello, Santiago, Chile Glaucia Callera Kidney Research Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Marcello Campagna Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy Merce` Capdevila Departament de Quı´mica, Facultat de Cie`ncies, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valle´s (Barcelona), Spain Fernando Cardozo-Pelaez Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA Bradley A. Carlson Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Silvia Castelli Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Tommy Cedervall Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Chemical Centre, Lund, Sweden Sudipta Chakraborty Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Henry Chan Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA N. Chandrasekaran Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

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Loı¨c J. Charbonnie`re Laboratoire d’Inge´nierie Mole´culaire Applique´e a` l’Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS/UdS ECPM, Strasbourg, France Malay Chatterjee Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Mary Chatterjee Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Franc¸ois Chaumont Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Juan D. Chavez Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Chi-Ming Che Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Elena Chekmeneva Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK Di Chen The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Hong-Yuan Chen National Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Jiugeng Chen Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Sai-Juan Chen State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Zhu Chen State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Robert A. Cherny The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Yana Chervona Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical School, New York, NY, USA Christopher R. Chitambar Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA Hassanul Ghani Choudhury Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, South Kensington, UK Membrane Protein Lab, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxforsdhire, UK

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Samrat Roy Chowdhury Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Stefano Ciurli Department of Agro-Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Stephan Clemens Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany Nansi Jo Colley Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, UW Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Gianni Colotti Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy Giovanni Corsetti Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy Max Costa Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical School, New York, NY, USA Jos A. Cox Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Adam V. Crain Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA Ann Cuypers Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Martha S. Cyert Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA Sabato D’Auria National Research Council (CNR), Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy Vero´nica Daier Departamento de Quı´mica Fı´sica/IQUIR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina Charles T. Dameron Chemistry Department, Saint Francis University, Loretto, PA, USA Subhadeep Das Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Nilay Kanti Das Department of Dermatology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Rupali Datta Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA Benjamin G. Davis Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Dennis R. Dean Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

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Kannan Deepa Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Claudia Della Corte Unit of Liver Research of Bambino Gesu` Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy Simone Dell’Acqua REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita` di Pavia, Pavia, Italy Hakan Demir Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey Sumukh Deshpande Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Alessandro Desideri Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Interuniversity Consortium, National Institute Biostructure and Biosystem (INBB), Rome, Italy Patrick C. D’Haese Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Jose´ Manuel Dı´az-Cruz Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Saad A. Dibo Division Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Pavel Dibrov Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Adeleh Divsalar Department of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran Ligia J. Dominguez Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Delfina C. Domı´nguez College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA Rosario Donato Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Elke Dopp Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Melania D’Orazio Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Q. Ping Dou The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

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Ross G. Douglas Zinc Metalloprotease Research Group, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Annette Draeger Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Gabi Drochioiu Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania Elzbieta Dudek Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Todor Dudev Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Henry J. Duff Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada Evert C. Duin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA R. Scott Duncan Vision Research Center and Departments of Basic Medical Science and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA Michael F. Dunn Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA Serdar Durdagi Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Kaitlin S. Duschene Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA Ankit K. Dutta School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Naba K. Dutta Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia Paul J. Dyson Institut des Sciences et Inge´nierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne (EPFL) SB ISIC-Direction, Lausanne, Switzerland Brian E. Eckenroth Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA Niels Eckstein Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany David J. Eide Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, WI, USA Thomas Eitinger Institut f€ ur Biologie/Mikrobiologie, Humboldt-Universit€at zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Annette Ekblond Cardiology Stem Cell Laboratory, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Jean-Michel El Hage Chahine ITODYS, Universite´ Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cite´, CNRS UMR 7086, Paris, France

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xxxi

Alex Elı´as Laboratorio de Microbiologı´a Molecular, Departamento de Biologı´a, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile Jeffrey S. Elmendorf Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Centers for Diabetes Research, Membrane Biosciences, and Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Sanaz Emami Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Vinita Ernest Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Miquel Esteban Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Christopher Exley The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK Chunhai Fan Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China Marcelo Farina Departamento de Bioquı´mica, Centro de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Floriano´polis, SC, Brazil Nicholas P. Farrell Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Caroline Fauquant iRTSV/LCBM UMR 5249 CEA-CNRS-UJF, CEA/Grenoble, Baˆt K, Universite´ Grenoble, Grenoble, France James G. Ferry Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Ana Maria Figueiredo Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPENCNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil David I. Finkelstein The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Larry Fliegel Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Swaran J. S. Flora Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India Juan C. Fontecilla-Camps Metalloproteins; Institut de Biologie Structurale J.P. Ebel; CEA; CNRS; Universite´ J. Fourier, Grenoble, France Sara M. Fox Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Ricardo Franco REQUIMTE FCT/UNL, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

xxxii

Stefan Fr€ anzle Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Research Group of Environmental Chemistry, International Graduate School Zittau, Zittau, Germany Christopher J. Frederickson NeuroBioTex, Inc, Galveston Island, TX, USA Michael Frezza The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Barbara C. Furie Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Bruce Furie Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Roland Gaertner Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, LudwigMaximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany Sonia Galva´n-Arzate Departamento de Neuroquı´mica, Instituto Nacional de Neurologı´a y Neurocirugı´a Manuel Velasco Sua´rez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Livia Garavelli Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Genetica Clinica, Dipartimento di Ostetrico-Ginecologico e Pediatrico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy Carolyn L. Geczy Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Emily Geiger Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA Alayna M. George Thompson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Charles P. Gerba Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Miltu Kumar Ghosh Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Pramit Ghosh Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Saikat Ghosh Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Hedayatollah Ghourchian Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Jessica L. Gifford Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Danuta M. Gillner Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xxxiii

Mario Di Gioacchino Occupational Medicine and Allergy, Head of Allergy and Immunotoxicology Unit (Ce.S.I.), G. d’Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy Denis Girard Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Universite´ du Que´bec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada F. Xavier Gomis-R€ uth Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain Harry B. Gray Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA Claudia Großkopf Department Chemicals Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany Thomas E. Gunter Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Dharmendra K. Gupta Departamento de Bioquı´mica, Biologı´a Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estacio´n Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, Granada, Spain Nikolai B. Gusev Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation Mandana Haack-Sørensen Cardiology Stem Cell Laboratory, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Bodo Haas Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany Hajo Haase Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Fathi Habashi Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada Alice Haddy Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA Nguyeˆt-Thanh Ha-Duong ITODYS, Universite´ Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cite´, CNRS UMR 7086, Paris, France Jesper Z. Haeggstro¨m Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden James F. Hainfeld Nanoprobes, Incorporated, Yaphank, NY, USA Sefali Halder Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Boyd E. Haley Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Raymond F. Hamilton Jr. Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA

xxxiv

Heidi E. Hannon Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Timothy P. Hanusa Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA Edward D. Harris Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Todd C. Harrop Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Andrea Hartwig Department Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany Robert P. Hausinger Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 6193 Biomedical and Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Hiroaki Hayashi Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan Xiao He CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Yao He Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China Kim L. Hein Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo Nordic EMBL Partnership, Oslo, Norway Claus W. Heizmann Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Michael T. Henzl Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Carol M. Herak-Kramberger Unit of Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia Christian Hermans Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Griselda Herna´ndez New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA Akon Higuchi Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya–ku, Tokyo, Japan Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, Hsi–Chi City, Taipei, Taiwan

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xxxv

Russ Hille Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA Alia V. H. Hinz Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA John Andrew Hitron Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Miryana He´madi ITODYS, Universite´ Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cite´, CNRS UMR 7086, Paris, France Christer Hogstrand Metal Metabolism Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK Erhard Hohenester Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK Andrij Holian Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA Richard C. Holz Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Charles G. Hoogstraten Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Ying Hou Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China Mingdong Huang Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA David L. Huffman Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA Paco Hulpiau Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Amir Ibrahim Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryBurn Fellow, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School & Shriners Burn Hospital, Boston, USA Mitsu Ikura Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Andrea Ilari Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy Giuseppe Inesi California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA Hiroaki Ishida Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Vangronsveld Jaco Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium

xxxvi

Claus Jacob Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland State University, Saarbruecken, Germany Sushil K. Jain Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA Peter Jensen Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark Klaudia Jomova Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia Raghava Rao Jonnalagadda Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Hans Jo¨rnvall Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Olga Juanes Dept. Quı´mica Orga´nica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Paul C. J. Kamer School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK Tina Kamcˇeva Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vincˇa Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ChulHee Kang Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Kazimierz S. Kasprzak Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA Jane Kasten-Jolly New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA Jens Kastrup Cardiology Stem Cell Laboratory, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark The Heart Centre, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Prafulla Katkar Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Fusako Kawai Center for Nanomaterials and Devices, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan Jason D. Kenealey Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Bernhard K. Keppler Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xxxvii

E. Van Kerkhove Department of Physiology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Kazuya Kikuchi Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Michael Kirberger Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Masanori Kitamura Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan Rene Kizek Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Nanne Kleefstra Diabetes Centre, Isala clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Langerhans Medical Research Group, Zwolle, The Netherlands Judith Klinman Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Michihiko Kobayashi Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Ahmet Koc Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, I˙zmir, Turkey Sergey M. Korotkov Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Peter Koulen Vision Research Center and Departments of Basic Medical Science and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA Nancy F. Krebs Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Zbigniew Krejpcio Division of Food Toxicology and Hygiene, Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, The Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland The College of Health, Beauty and Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland Robert H. Kretsinger Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

xxxviii

Artur Kre˛z˙el Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland Aleksandra Krivograd Klemencˇicˇ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Peter M. H. Kroneck Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Eugene Kryachko Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine Naoko Kumagai-Takei Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan Anil Kumar CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China Thirumananseri Kumarevel RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, Hyogo, Japan Valery V. Kupriyanov Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Wouter Laan School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK James C. K. Lai Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Biomedical Research Institute, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA Maria Jose´ Laires CIPER – Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal Kyle M. Lancaster Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Daniel Landau Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Centre, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel Albert Lang Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Alan B. G. Lansdown Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK Jean-Yves Lapointe Groupe d’e´tude des prote´ines membranaires (GE´PROM) and De´partement de Physique, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC, Canada Agnete Larsen Department of Biomedicine/Pharmacology Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Lawrence H. Lash Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xxxix

David A. Lawrence Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology and Immunology, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA Peter A. Lay School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Gabriela Ledesma Departamento de Quı´mica Fı´sica/IQUIR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina John Lee Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Suni Lee Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan Silke Leimk€ uhler From the Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Herman Louis Lelie Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA David M. LeMaster New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA Joseph Lemire Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada Thomas A. Leonard Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria Alain Lescure UPR ARN du CNRS, Universite´ de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France Solomon W. Leung Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering and Biomedical Research Institute, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA Bogdan Lev Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Aviva Levina School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Huihui Li School of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China Yang V. Li Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA Xing-Jie Liang CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Patrycja Libako Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland Carmay Lim Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

xl

Sara Linse Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Chemical Centre, Lund, Sweden John D. Lipscomb Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Junqiu Liu State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China Qiong Liu College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China Zijuan Liu Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA Marija Ljubojevic´ Unit of Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia Mario Lo Bello Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy Yan-Chung Lo The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Lingli Lu MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Roberto G. Lucchini Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Section of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA Bernd Ludwig Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Quan Luo State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China Jennene A. Lyda Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA Charilaos Lygidakis Regional Health Service of Emilia Romagna, AUSL of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Jiawei Ma Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China Jian Feng Ma Plant Stress Physiology Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan Megumi Maeda Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xli

Axel Magalon Laboratoire de Chimie Bacte´rienne (UPR9043), Institut de Microbiologie de la Me´diterrane´e, CNRS & Aix-Marseille Universite´, Marseille, France Jeanette A. Maier Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Universita` di Milano, Medical School, Milano, Italy Robert J. Maier Department of Microbiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Masatoshi Maki Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan R. Manasadeepa Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India David J. Mann Division of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK G. Marangi Istituto di Genetica Medica, Universita` Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy Wolfgang Maret Metal Metabolism Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK Bernd Markert Environmental Institute of Scientific Networks, in Constitution, Haren/Erika, Germany Michael J. Maroney Department of Chemistry, Lederle Graduate Research Center, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA Brenda Marrero-Rosado Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Christopher B. Marshall Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dwight W. Martin Department of Medicine and the Proteomics Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Ebany J. Martinez-Finley Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Jacqueline van Marwijk Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa Pradip K. Mascharak Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Anne B. Mason Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA Hidenori Matsuzaki Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

xlii

Jacqueline M. Matthews School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Andrzej Mazur INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Universite´, Universite´ d’Auvergne, Unite´ de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France Paulo Mazzafera Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas/Instituto de Biologia, Cidade Universita´ria, Campinas, SP, Brazil Michael M. Mbughuni Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Joseph R. McDermott Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA Megan M. McEvoy Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Astrid van der Meer Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Petr Melnikov Department of Clinical Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Gabriele Meloni Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA Ralf R. Mendel Department of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany Mohamed Larbi Merroun Departamento de Microbiologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain Albrecht Messerschmidt Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany Marek Michalak Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Isabelle Michaud-Soret iRTSV/LCBM UMR 5249 CEA-CNRS-UJF, CEA/ Grenoble, Baˆt K, Universite´ Grenoble, Grenoble, France Radmila Milacˇicˇ Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozˇef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Glenn L. Millhauser Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Marija Milovanovic Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Kragujevac, Serbia Shin Mizukami Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xliii

Cristina Paula Monteiro Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal Augusto C. Montezano Kidney Research Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Pablo Morales-Rico Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico city, Mexico J. Preben Morth Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Jean-Marc Moulis Institut de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies du Vivant, Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Me´taux (IRTSV/LCBM), CEA–Grenoble, Grenoble, France CNRS, UMR5249, Grenoble, France Universite´ Joseph Fourier–Grenoble I, UMR5249, Grenoble, France Isabel Moura REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Jose´ J. G. Moura REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Mohamed E. Moustafa Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Amitava Mukherjee Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Biswajit Mukherjee Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Balam Mun˜oz Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico city, Mexico Francesco Musiani Department of Agro-Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Joachim Mutter Naturheilkunde, Umweltmedizin Integrative and Environmental Medicine, Belegarzt Tagesklinik, Constance, Germany Bonex W. Mwakikunga Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Centre for Nano–Structured, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Physics and Biochemical Sciences, University of Malawi, The Malawi Polytechnic, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi Chandra Shekar Nagar Venkataraman Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India Hideaki Nagase Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom

xliv

Sreejayan Nair University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Laramie, WY, USA Manuel F. Navedo Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Tim S. Nawrot Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Karel Nesmerak Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA Crina M. Nimigean Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Yasumitsu Nishimura Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan Naoko K. Nishizawa Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan Valerio Nobili Unit of Liver Research of Bambino Gesu` Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy Nicholas Noinaj Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Aline M. Nonat Laboratoire d’Inge´nierie Mole´culaire Applique´e a` l’Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS/UdS ECPM, Strasbourg, France Sergei Yu. Noskov Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Wojciech Nowacki Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland David O’Connell University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland Masafumi Odaka Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xlv

Akira Ono Department of Material & Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan Laura Osorio-Rico Departamento de Neuroquı´mica, Instituto Nacional de Neurologı´a y Neurocirugı´a Manuel Velasco Sua´rez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Patricia Isabel Oteiza Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA Takemi Otsuki Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan Rabbab Oun Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Vidhu Pachauri Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India ` scar Palacios Departament de Quı´mica, Facultat de Cie`ncies, Universitat O Auto`noma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valle`s (Barcelona), Spain Maria E. Palm-Espling Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center, Umea˚ University, Umea˚, Sweden Claudia Palopoli Departamento de Quı´mica Fı´sica/IQUIR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina Tapobrata Panda Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Lorien J. Parker Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Michael W. Parker Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Marianna Patrauchan Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA Sofia R. Pauleta REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Evgeny Pavlov Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada V. Pennemans Biomedical Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Harmonie Perdreau Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

xlvi

Alice S. Pereira Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Requimte, Centro de Quı´mica Fina e Biotecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Eula´lia Pereira REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı´mica e Bioquı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Eugene A. Permyakov Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Sergei E. Permyakov Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia Bertil R. R. Persson Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden John W. Peters Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA Marijana Petkovic´ Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vincˇa Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Le T. Phung Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA Roberta Pierattelli CERM and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Elizabeth Pierce Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Andrea Pietrobattista Unit of Liver Research of Bambino Gesu` Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy Thomas C. Pochapsky Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA Ehmke Pohl Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK Joe C. Polacco Department of Biochemistry/Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Arthur S. Polans Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, UW Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA K. Michael Pollard Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA Charlotte Poschenrieder Lab. Fisiologı´a Vegetal, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Auto´noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain Thomas L. Poulos Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pharmaceutical Science, and Chemistry, University of California, Irivine, Irvine, CA, USA

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xlvii

Richard D. Powell Nanoprobes, Incorporated, Yaphank, NY, USA Ananda S. Prasad Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Walter C. Prozialeck Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA Qin Qin Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA Thierry Rabilloud CNRS, UMR 5249 Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Grenoble, France CEA, DSV, iRTSV/LCBM, Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Grenoble Cedex 9, France Universite´ Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France Stephen W. Ragsdale Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Frank M. Raushel Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Frank Reith School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Centre of Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX) Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia CSIRO Land and Water, Environmental Biogeochemistry, PMB2, Glen Osmond, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia Tony Remans Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Albert W. Rettenmeier Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Rita Rezzani Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy Marius Re´glier Faculte´ des Sciences et Techniques, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR CNRS 7313, Aix-Marseille Universite´ Campus Scientifique de Saint Je´roˆme, Marseille, France Oliver-M. H. Richter Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Agnes Rinaldo-Matthis Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Lothar Rink Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Alfonso Rios-Perez Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico city, Mexico

xlviii

Rasmus Sejersten Ripa Cardiology Stem Cell Laboratory, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Cluster for Molecular Imaging and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Marwan S. Rizk Deptartment of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Nigel J. Robinson Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK Joa˜o B. T. Rocha Departamento de Quı´mica, Centro de Cieˆncias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Juan C. Rodriguez-Ubis Dept. Quı´mica Orga´nica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Harry A. Roels Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Universite´ catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Andrea M. P. Romani Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA S. Rosato Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Genetica Clinica, Dipartimento di Ostetrico-Ginecologico e Pediatrico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy Barry P. Rosen Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA Erwin Rosenberg Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria Amy C. Rosenzweig Departments of Molecular Biosciences and of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Michael Rother Institut f€ ur Mikrobiologie, Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Benoıˆt Roux Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Namita Roy Choudhury Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia Jagoree Roy Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA Kaushik Roy Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Marian Rucki Centre of Occupational Health, Laboratory of Predictive Toxicology, National Institute of Public Health, Praha 10, Czech Republic Anandamoy Rudra Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

xlix

Giuseppe Ruggiero National Research Council (CNR), Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy Kelly C. Ryan Department of Chemistry, Lederle Graduate Research Center, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA Lisa K. Ryan New Jersey Medical School, The Public Health Research Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA Janusz K. Rybakowski Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Ivan Sabolic´ Unit of Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia Kalyan K. Sadhu Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Anita Sahu Institute of Pathology and Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria P. Ch. Sahu Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India Milton H. Saier Jr. Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Jarno Salonen Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Abel Santamarı´a Laboratorio de Aminoa´cidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurologı´a y Neurocirugı´a Manuel Velasco Sua´rez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Luis F. Santana Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA He´lder A. Santos Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Dibyendu Sarkar Earth and Environmental Studies Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA Louis J. Sasseville Groupe d’e´tude des prote´ines membranaires (GE´PROM) and De´partement de Physique, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC, Canada R. Gary Sawers Institute for Microbiology, Martin-Luther University HalleWittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany Janez Sˇcˇancˇar Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozˇef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Marcus C. Schaub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Sara Schmitt The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

l

List of Contributors

Paul P. M. Schnetkamp Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Lutz Schomburg Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charite´ – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany Gerhard N. Schrauzer Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Ruth Schreiber Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Centre, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel Ulrich Schweizer Institute for Experimental Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Endocrinology,

Charite´-

Ion Romulus Scorei Department of Biochemistry, University of Craiova, Craiova, DJ, Romania Lucia A. Seale Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA Lance C. Seefeldt Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA William Self Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA Takashi Sera Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Aruna Sharma Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Hari Shanker Sharma Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Honglian Shi Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Xianglin Shi Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Satoshi Shinoda JST, CREST, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan Maksim A. Shlykov Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Siddhartha Shrivastava Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

List of Contributors

li

Sandra Signorella Departamento de Quı´mica Fı´sica/IQUIR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina Amrita Sil Department of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Simon Silver Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA Britt-Marie Sjo¨berg Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE, Sweden Karen Smeets Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Stephen M. Smith Departments of Molecular Biosciences and of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Małgorzata Sobieszczan´ska Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland Young-Ok Son Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Martha E. Sosa Torres Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Mexico DF, Mexico Jerry W. Spears Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Sarah R. Spell Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Christopher D. Spicer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK St. Hilda’s College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Alessandra Stacchiotti Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy Jan A. Staessen Study Coordinating Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Unit of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Maria Staiano National Research Council (CNR), Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy Anna Starus Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Alexander Stein Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany

lii

Iryna N. Stepanenko Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Martin J. Stillman Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Walter Sto¨cker Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Zoology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Mainz, Germany Barbara J. Stoecker Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA Edward D. Sturrock Zinc Metalloprotease Research Group, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Minako Sumita Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Kelly L. Summers Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Raymond Wai-Yin Sun Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Claudiu T. Supuran Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy Hiroshi Suzuki Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan Q. Swennen Biomedical Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Ingebrigt Sylte Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Yoshiyuki Tanaka Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Shen Tang Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Akio Tani Research Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan Pedro Tavares Departamento de Quı´mica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Requimte, Centro de Quı´mica Fina e Biotecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Tiago Tezotto Departamento de Produc¸a˜o Vegetal, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo/ Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

liii

Elizabeth C. Theil Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Frank The´venod Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Training and Research (ZBAF), Institute of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany David J. Thomas Pharmacokinetics Branch – Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Ameer N. Thompson Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA R€ udiger Thul School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Jacob P. Thyssen National Allergy Research Centre, Department of DermatoAllergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark Milon Tichy Centre of Occupational Health, Laboratory of Predictive Toxicology, National Institute of Public Health, Praha 10, Czech Republic Dajena Tomco Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Hidetaka Torigoe Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan Rhian M. Touyz Kidney Research Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Chikashi Toyoshima Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Lennart Treuel Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg–Essen, Essen, Germany Shweta Trivedi Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Thierry Tron iSm2/BiosCiences UMR CNRS 7313, Case 342, Aix-Marseille Universite´, Marseille, France Chin-Hsiao Tseng Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

liv

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Tsai-Tien Tseng Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA Samantha D. Tsotsoros Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Petra A. Tsuji Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA Hiroshi Tsukube JST, CREST, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan Sławomir Tubek Institute of Technology, Opole, Poland Raymond J. Turner Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Toshiki Uchihara Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan Takafumi Ueno Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan Christoph Ufer Institute of Biochemistry, Charite´ – Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany I˙rem Uluisik Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, I˙zmir, Turkey Balachandran Unni Nair Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Vladimir N. Uversky Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA Joan Selverstone Valentine Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Marian Valko Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovakia J. David van Horn Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA Frans van Roy Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

lv

Marie Vancova´ Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and University of South Bohemia, Cˇeske´ Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic Jaco Vangronsveld Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Antonio Varriale National Research Council (CNR), Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy Milan Vasˇa´k Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Z€urich, Z€urich, Switzerland Claudio C. Va´squez Laboratorio de Microbiologı´a Molecular, Departamento de Biologı´a, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile Oscar Vassallo Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Claudio N. Verani Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Nathalie Verbruggen Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Sandra Viviana Verstraeten Department of Biological Chemistry, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina Ramon Vilar Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK John B. Vincent Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA Hans J. Vogel Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Vladislav Volarevic Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Kragujevac, Serbia Anne Volbeda Metalloproteins; Institut de Biologie Structurale J.P. Ebel; CEA; CNRS; Universite´ J. Fourier, Grenoble, France Eugene S. Vysotski Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia Anne Walburger Laboratoire de Chimie Bacte´rienne (UPR9043), Institut de Microbiologie de la Me´diterrane´e, CNRS & Aix-Marseille Universite´, Marseille, France Andrew H.-J. Wang Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Jiangxue Wang Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China

lvi

Xudong Wang Department of Pathology, St Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA John Wataha Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington HSC D779A, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA David J. Weber Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Nial J. Wheate Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Chris G. Whiteley Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan Roger L. Williams Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK Judith Winogrodzki Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada John Pierce Wise Sr. Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center, Umea˚ University, Umea˚, Sweden Bert Wolterbeek Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Simone W€ unschmann Environmental Institute of Scientific Networks in Constitution, Haren/Erika, Germany Robert Wysocki Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Shenghui Xue Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Xiao-Jing Yan Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China Xiaodi Yang School of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China Jenny J. Yang Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Natural Science Center, Atlanta, GA, USA Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Katsuhiko Yokoi Department of Human Nutrition, Seitoku University Graduate School, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan

List of Contributors

List of Contributors

lvii

Vincenzo Zaga` Department of Territorial Pneumotisiology, Italian Society of Tobaccology (SITAB), AUSL of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Carla M. Zammit School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Centre of Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX) Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia CSIRO Land and Water, Environmental Biogeochemistry, PMB2, Glen Osmond, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia Lourdes Ze´lia Zanoni Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Huawei Zeng United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA Cunxian Zhang Department of Pathology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Kent Memorial Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Chunfeng Zhao Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Anatoly Zhitkovich Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Boris S. Zhorov Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Yubin Zhou Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA Michael X. Zhu Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA Marcella Zollino Istituto di Genetica Medica, Universita` Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy