Dr. Safian Sharif is a Professor from Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, ... school of microelectronic engineering unimap and research fellow of collaborative.
Engineering Technology, Green Design & Manufacturing and Electronic & Green Materials International Conference Surabaya, Indonesia July 31 – August 1, 2015
ABSTRACT BOOK & CONFERENCE PROGRAM GUIDE
Table of Contents Part I
Welcoming Speech By Vice Chancelor of Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Organizing Committees
Part II
Conference Schedule
Part III
Keynote Speakers Keynote Speaker 1 :
Ir Dr Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin Professor Department of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP)
Keynote Speaker 2 :
Dr. Safian Sharif Professor/Deputy Dean Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Keynote Speaker 3 :
Dr. Rizalafande Che Ismail Associate Professor/Dean School Of Microelectronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
Part IV
Oral Sessions
Part V
General Information
Part VI
List of Papers
Part I WELCOMING REMARKS VICE CHACELLOR OF UniMAP
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Assalamualaikum Warahamatullahi Wabarakatuh I would like to extend a warm welcome to all guests, speakers and participants to the first International Conference of Engineering Technology, Green Design and Manufacturing & Electronic and Green Materials which jointly organized by Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) and Trans Tech Publications Inc. IconET, IconGDM and IconEGM aims to bring together technologist, researchers and professionals from the Academic, Industrial and Public sectors in the context of multi and inter-disciplinary forum and discussions. This symposium will provide an excellent opportunity of knowledge sharing and research ideas exchange in the field of engineering, science, and technology especially regarding updated technology for a better quality of life to meet future challenges. It is hoped that this conference will be the benchmark for us to build a strong networking between researchers, academic staff and industry. Finally, congratulations to the working committee and everybody who have supported our efforts in realizing this symposium. For participants from all over the world, I wish you a memorable stay in Malaysia.
Brig. Gen. Datuk Prof. Dr. Kamarudin Hussin Vice Chancellor Universiti Malaysia Perlis
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Organized by: Malaysia Research and Innovation Society (MyRIS) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Co-organized by: International Federation of Inventors' Associations - IFIA Faculty of Engineering Technology (FETech), UniMAP Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) School of Microelectronic Engineering, UniMAP School of Materials Engineering, UniMAP School of Manufacturing Engineering, UniMAP Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorge Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia (UUI), Banda-Aceh, Indonesia International Advisory Board
Prof. Dr. Petrica Vizureanu, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania Prof. Dr. Ion Sandu, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Assoc. Prof. Dr. Andrei Victor Sandu, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kazuhiro Nogita, The University of Queensland, Australia Prof. Dr. Razali Ismail, University Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fawaz Saad, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prof. Dr. N.S Murthy, NIT Warangal, India Professor Dr. Safian bin Sharif, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Prof. Adjunct. Marniati S.E, M.KES, Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia, Indoensia
Dr. Ir. Januarti Jaya Nopember (ITS) Indonesia
Ekaputri,
Institut
Teknologi
Sepuluh
Honorary-Chair
Prof. Dr. Kamarudin Hussin, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
Chairman
Assoc Prof. Dr. Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) – ET 2015 Assoc Prof. Dr. Rizalafande Che Ismail, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) – EGM 2015 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)–GDM 2015
Co-Chairman
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) – ET 2015 Dr. Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) – EGM 2015 Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim (UniMAP) –GDM 2015
Technical and Organizing Committee
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aeslina Abdul Kadir, (UTHM) Assoc. Professor Dr. Azlan bin Mohd Zain (UTM) Assoc. Professor Dr. Khairul Azwan bin Ismail (UniMAP) Assoc. Professor Dr. Mohd Zarhamdy Mohd Zain (UTM) Assoc. Professor Dr. Erween Bin Abd Rahim (UTHM)
Dr. Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin (UniMAP) Dr. Vithyacharan A/L Retnasamy (UniMAP) Dr. Shazlina Johari (UniMAP) Dr. Jennifer Ong Siok Lan (UniMAP) Dr. Mohd. Sazli bin Saad (UniMAP) Dr. Mohd Basri Ali (UTeM) Dr. Heah Cheng Yong (UniMAP) Dr. Liew Yun Ming (UniMAP) Dr. Ahmad Faizal bin Salleh (UniMAP) Dr. Suhaila Hussain (UniMAP) Dr. Azwan Iskandar Azmi (UniMAP) Dr. Noorhafiza Binti Muhammad (UniMAP) Dr. Nor Zelawati Binti Asmuin (UTHM) Ir Mohd Rashidi bin Maarof (UMP) Lt Cdr. Mohd Azzeri bin Md Naiem RMN (Rtd) (UPNM) Rafiza Abd. Razak (UniMAP) Alida Abdullah (UniMAP) Siti Salwa Mat Isa (UniMAP) Wan Mokhdzani Wan Nor Haimi (UniMAP) Nor Roshidah Yusof (UniMAP) Mohd. Azarulsani Md. Azidin (UniMAP) Zarina Yahya, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Liyana Jamaludin, Universiti of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir (UniMAP) Mohd Fathullah bin Ghazali (UniMAP) Mohd. Nasir Mat Saad (UniMAP) Amarul bin Talip (UniMAP) Mohd Khairul Fadzly bin Abu Bakar (UniMAP) Irfan bin Abd Rahim (UniMAP) Norshah Afizi bin Shuaib (UniMAP) Ahmad Fairuz bin Mansor (UniMAP) Badrul Azmi Abdul Holed (UniMAP) Mohd Effendi bin Muhammad Suandi (UniMAP) Muhamad Farizuan bin Rosli (UniMAP) Mohd. Hafiezal Mohd Radzi (UniMAP)
Part II Conference Schedule
July 31, 2015 Time 8:00 -8:30 8:30 - 9:00 9: 00 - 9:30 9:30- 11:00 11:00 - 11:30 11:30 - 11:45 11:45 - 13:00 13:00 - 14:30 14:30 – 15:45 15:45 – 16:15 16:15 – 17:30 17:30
Activity Registration Arrival of Guest Opening Ceremony Keynote Speech Tea Break Preparation Parallel Session Oral Session Break Oral Session Tea Break Oral Session End
Venue
Swiss-Belinn Manyar Hotel, Surabaya, Indonesia
August 1, 2015 Time 9:00 - 10:30 10:30 - 11:00 11:00 - 12:30 12:30 - 14:30 14:30 - 16:15 16:15 - 17:00
Activity Oral Session Tea Break Oral Session Break Oral Session Tea Break
Venue
Swiss-Belinn Manyar Hotel, Surabaya, Indonesia
Part III KEYNOTE SPEAKER 1
Professor Ir Dr Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin Professor of Concrete Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP)
Professor Ir. Dr. Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin is a professor of Concrete at Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia. He has had more than 30 years of working experience. He began his career as a Site Engineer at a construction company before joining the academic world in 1985. He is a registered Professional Engineer (PEng) and a Corporate Member of the Institution of Engineers Malaysia (MIEM). He is also a Fellow and a Council Member of the Concrete Society of Malaysia (FCSM). He also holds a position as the Vice President of the Malaysian Geopolymer Society. Amongst his research interests are geopolymer concrete, cement replacement materials, structural integrity and durability of concrete. To date, he has published / presented more than 200 papers at national and international levels conferences and journals. He had also won numerous awards in research exhibition and competition. Professor Ir. Dr. Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin is currently the editor for Malaysian Construction Research Journal (MCRJ) and is also involved as an assessor in accreditation of Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering at the institutions of higher learning.
Unleashing the Potentials of Geopolymer System Abstract. Geopolymer or green polymeric cement was first introduced in 1978 with the potential to replace OPC. The chemical compositions of geopolymer are similar to zeolite but it has an amorphous microstructure. Besides, it also requires alkaline activator to induce the silicon and aluminum atoms in the material to dissolve and form geopolymer paste. The polymerization process involves significantly fast chemical reaction with the usage of alkaline activator on silica-alumina mineral, which results in a three-dimensional polymeric chain and ring structure consisting of Si-O-Al-O bonds. Geopolymer system is also used as coating/paints in order to increase strength and improve thermal properties of existing material. Structural framework of C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H chain formation is essential for internal curing process in geopolymer framework. Application in geotechnical physiques has stretched the periphery of geopolymer customary. The identification of short and long term performances together with appropriate standards are of paramount importance to encourage new innovative standard formulation of geopolymer systems. Consequently the prospective applications of new generation geopolymer system can be further utilized as cement/concrete alternative materials in structure rehabilitation, coating material improvement, improve soil stabilization, and enhance structural application. Notwithstanding its application needs to beget not only socio-economic benefits but also in sync with global climate change agenda.
KEYNOTE SPEAKER 2
Dr. Safian Sharif Professor / Deputy Dean (Research and Scholarship) School of Graduate Studies Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor
Dr. Safian Sharif is a Professor from Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor and currently the Deputy Dean (Research and Scholarship) of School of Graduate Studies in UTM. Professor Safian obtained his PhD degree in Manufacturing from Coventry University, UK in year 2000. He joined UTM as an Assistant Lecturer A in October 1988 and built his career as an academician until today. His area of specialization is in machining of aerospace materials such as titanium alloys, inconel and other materials such as stainless steel and wood. He is also actively involved in other research areas such as sustainable manufacturing, rapid prototyping, casting and injection moulding. He had won several awards and medals both at local and international research invention and exhibitions. Professor Safian had supervised many students both at undergraduate as well as postgraduate levels. These include 30 PhDs and more than 60 Master students. He has published more than 200 articles both in reputed journals and proceedings. Currently he is one of the Associate Technical Editor for the International Journal of Science and Technology (JSMT), Taylor and Francis. Beside an active panel of Malaysian Quality Assurance Agency assessor, he has been appointed as the External Verifier and Board of Studies by various higher institutions which include GMI, KKTM, KUSZA, UKM, MARA, UniKL, UIAM, UTeM and UTHM.
KEYNOTE SPEAKER 3
Dr. Rizalafande Che Ismail Associate Professor/Dean Integrated Circuits And Systems Design Group (Icase) School Of Microelectronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Rizalafande che ismail, ph. D. Is an associate professor of electronic engineering at the school of microelectronic engineering, universiti malaysia perlis (unimap). He serves as dean of school of microelectronic engineering unimap and research fellow of collaborative microelectronic design excellence centre (cedec) hosted by universiti sains malaysia. In addition, he is also a visiting professor at universiti ubudiyah indonesia aceh, as well as being a senior member of institute of electrical and electronics engineers (ieee). Apart from that, previously he used to work with intel malaysia as a design engineer under the board design centre malaysia. Rizalafande received bachelor degree in electronic engineering from universiti teknologi malaysia and master degree in microelectronics system design from royal melbourne institute of technology. He obtained the ph.d from newcastle university in microelectronics system design under the supervision of dr. Nick coleman, which is the founder of european logarithmic microprocessor. Currently, his research activities include high speed computer arithmetic; development of high performance logarithmic based processor and fpga design platform; high accuracy video graphic computation and biomedical applications.
Logarithmic Number System As An Alternative To Floating-Point Format Abstract. The logarithmic number system has been proposed as an alternative to floatingpoint (flp) arithmetic. Multiplication, division and square-root operations are accomplished with inexpensive fixed-point methods, but addition and subtraction are considerably more challenging. Recent work has demonstrated that these operations too can be done with similar speed and accuracy to their flp equivalents, but the necessary circuitry is complex. In particular, it is dominated by the need for large rom tables for the storage of non-linear functions. This work describes a new co-transformation procedure that eliminates much of the rom space and allows the easy synthesis of the remainder in logic, and then evaluates several interpolation methods that might benefit from the proposed co-transformation. 32bit implementations are compared with floating point units, and show substantial reductions in delay, with equivalent accuracy and area.
Part IV Oral Sessions July 31, 2015
ORAL SESSION
1
2
3
TIME
VENUE
DURATION
ROOM A
ROOM B
ROOM C
1
EGM2015-2
1
EGM2015-7
11:45
12:00
15 MINUTES
1
EGM2015-1
12:00
12:15
15 MINUTES
2
EGM2015-8
2
EGM2015-10
2
EGM2015-11
12:15
12:30
15 MINUTES
3
EGM2015-12
3
EGM2015-18
3
EGM2015-21
12:30
12:45
15 MINUTES
4
EGM2015-22
4
EGM2015-23
4
EGM2015-24
12:45
13:00
15 MINUTES
5
EGM2015-25
5
EGM2015-29
5
EGM2015-30
14:30
14:45
15 MINUTES
6
EGM2015-31
6
EGM2015-32
6
EGM2015-33
14:45
15:00
15 MINUTES
7
EGM2015-34
7
EGM2015-36
7
EGM2015-37
15:00
15:15
15 MINUTES
8
EGM2015-38
8
EGM2015-39
8
EGM2015-42
15:15
15:30
15 MINUTES
9
EGM2015-43
9
EGM2015-44
9
EGM2015-45
15:30
15:45
15 MINUTES
10
EGM2015-46
10
EGM2015-47
10
EGM2015-48
16:15
16:30
15 MINUTES
11
EGM2015-50
11
EGM2015-51
11
ET2015-2
16:30
16:45
15 MINUTES
12
ET2015-14
12
ET2015-4
12
ET2015-6
16:45
17:00
15 MINUTES
13
ET2015-7
13
ET2015-15
13
ET2015-16
17:00
17:15
15 MINUTES
14
ET2015-17
14
ET2015-18
14
ET2015-21
17:15
17:30
15 MINUTES
15
ET2015-22
15
ET2015-8
15
ET2015-3
August 1, 2015
ORAL SESSION
TIME
6
15 MINUTES 15 MINUTES 15 MINUTES 15 MINUTES 15 MINUTES 15 MINUTES 15 MINUTES 15 MINUTES
ROOM A 1
ET2015-23
2
ROOM B
ROOM C
1
ET2015-25
1
ET2015-28
ET2015-34
2
ET2015-29
2
ET2015-26
3
ET2015-27
3
ET2015-37
3
ET2015-39
4
ET2015-40
4
ET2015-30
4
ET2015-42
5
ET2015-43
5
ET2015-46
5
ET2015-35
6
ET2015-49
6
ET2015-51
6
ET2015-52
7
ET2015-54
7
ET2015-50
7
ET2015-53
8
ET2015-57
8
ET2015-58
8
ET2015-55
ET2015-60
9
ET2015-59
9
IConGDM201 5-3
9:00
9:15
9:15
9:30
9:30
9:45
9:45
10:00
10:00
10:15
10:15
10:30
11:00
11:15
11:15
11:30
11:30
11:45
15 MINUTES
9
11:45
12:00
15 MINUTES
10
IConGDM201 5-4
10
IConGDM20155
10
IConGDM201 5-6
12:00
12:15
15 MINUTES
11
IConGDM201 5-11
11
IConGDM201512
11
IConGDM201 5-16
12:15
12:30
15 MINUTES
12
IConGDM201 5-17
12
IConGDM201518
12
IConGDM201 5-19
14:30
14:45
15 MINUTES
13
13
IConGDM201528
13
IConGDM201 5-30
14:45
15:00
15 MINUTES
14
IConGDM201 5-37
14
IConGDM201538
14
IConGDM201 5-40
15:00
15:15
15 MINUTES
15
IConGDM201 5-41
15
IConGDM201542
15
IConGDM201 5-43
15:15
15:30
15 MINUTES
16
IConGDM201 5-44
16
IConGDM201549
16
IConGDM201 5-50
15:30
15:45
15 MINUTES
17
IConGDM201 5-53
17
IConGDM201558
17
IConGDM201 5-59
15:45
16:00
15 MINUTES
18
IConGDM201 5-61
18
IConGDM201562
18
IConGDM201 5-65
16:00
16:15
15 MINUTES
19
IConGDM201 5-67
19
4
5
VENUE
DURATION
IConGDM201 5-26
19
Part V General Information
About UniMAP Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) is Malaysia's 17th public institution of higher learning. It was approved by the Malaysian Cabinet on May 2001. Originally known as Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraa Utara Malaysia (KUKUM), or Northern Malaysia University College of Engineering, it was renamed as Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) in February 2007. The first intake consisted of 116 engineering students who started on June 2002. Currently, UniMAP has approximately 6,000 students and a workforce of more than 1,700 academic and non-academic staff members. It offers 21 undergraduate programmes that lead to Bachelor in Engineering, one undergraduate programmes that leads to an Engineering Technology degree and two undergraduate programmes that lead to a Bachelor in Business. We also offers six Diploma in Engineering programmes and 13 postgraduate programmes that lead to Master of Science in Engineering and PhD degrees. UniMAP is located in Perlis. The smallest state in Malaysia, Perlis lies at the northern part of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and has Satun and Songkhla Provinces of Thailand on its northern border. It is bordered by the state of Kedah to the south. This pleasant little state has a population of less than 23,000, comprising mainly of Malays (the majority), Chinese and Indians. UniMAP graduates are nurtured to become competent practitioners in their area of specialisation and to have the confidence to explore entrepreneurial possibilities upon graduation. They are expected to not only exhibit excellence in the knowledge and skills that are directly related to their specialised fields of study, but also to demonstrate outstanding proficiency in both communication and ICT skills, as well as possess unsurpassed traits of professionalism and patriotism.
About Surabaya, Indonesia “Jer Basuki Mawa Bea” are the words emblazoning the emblem of East Java. Translated. They mean that achievements are only won through sacrifice. This is certainly an appropriate motto, especially for the people of Surabaya. The ‘City of Heroes’ whose history of struggle against foreign invaders is well known. Surabaya is the commercial and administrative capital of East Java, a thriving business and industrial centre and the province’s main port. Second only to Jakarta in size and importance, the city has a population of around 2.5 million residents. From the port area of Tanjung Perak ferries leave regularly for Madura, and air services to and from Surabaya’s Juanda Airport connect the city with Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bali and other parts of Indonesia. Surabaya is a progressive capital undergoing rapid change. Former negative reports about the city from foreign visitors are thus clearly unwarranted today. In fact, Surabaya now enjoys the reputation as being the cleanest city in Indonesia, equipped with every modern facility and offering a standard of accommodation to suit every taste and budget. Places of interest for the tourist require Kalimas harbour and Kampung Arab in the old part of town, the Mpu Tantular Museum, as well as one of the largest zoos in south East Asia. Surabaya is located at the centre of the northern coast of East Java Province, bounded to the north and east by the Java Sea, the district of Gresik in the west, and by the district of the Sidoarjo in the south. The topography is mainly flat at about 3-6m above sea level, but in the west, two low ridges from west to east have an elevation of about 20-30m above sea level. The lower hill slopes have tended to be occupied by low income groups because of the low cost of site development. The high ground has become popular for high income group settlement, now that there are good access road and water supply. The tropical climate has two main identifiable seasons. The dry season generally lasts from May to October, and the wet or rainy season from November up to April. The heaviest rains normally occur between December and January. Wind velocity normally ranges from 3 to 20 knots and is relatively constant throughout the year. The mean annual rainfall is 1,321 mm, and the highest monthly mean rainfall is about 260 mm, usually in January. The lowest temperature, usually in February, is about 25.5 Celsius and the highest temperature is 33.0 Celsius in October. The average annual temperature is 27.8 Celsius.
Surabaya’s dominant roles, both national and regional, have changed little since it emerged as a major administrative and trading centre of the East Indies in the early 18th century. The development of urban Surabaya since this time has therefore been related to study growth to meet increasing demand, rather than any change in role or function. Since the governments 1960s city policy, Surabaya has functioned as an industrial, commercial, maritime, education and government city. This multi-function policy has required Surabaya to provide land for industrial areas and infrastructure support facilities. Commercial trading in Surabaya has an important role for the development of Eastern Indonesia, and especially for East Java. The primary trade activities covering the large area from the port in the north to the city centre is wholesale trading of products.
PART VI LIST OF PAPER ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (ET 2015)
Effect of Incubation Temperature on Growth of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and Bacterial Cellulose Production Rate Khairunnisa Nordin and Khairul Azly Zahan Keywords: incubation temperature; microbial growth; Acetobacter xylinum 0416; bacterial cellulose;
Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of incubation temperature on microbial growth of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and the production rate of bacterial cellulose. Fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 were carried out for 5 days in static condition using Hestrin & Schramm (HS) medium with initial glucose concentration of 4.0% (w/v) and initial pH of 6.4. The incubation temperature were varies at 5°C, 20°C, 25°C, 27°C, 28°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C respectively. Results indicated that incubation temperature of 28°C served as the best incubation temperature for the microbial growth of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and produced the highest production rate of bacterial cellulose with total dried weight of 0.3722 g/L. Meanwhile at incubation temperature of 5°C and 40°C, no significance growth of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and bacterial cellulose were found. As a conclusion, incubation temperature plays an important role for the growth of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and the best incubation temperature is 28°C due to the sufficient energy supplied for the microbial growth and cellulose biosynthetic pathway in order to convert glucose into bacterial cellulose.
Effectiveness of Safety Management in Oil and Gas Project Othman,I. , Napiah,M,Nuruddin,M.F and Klufallah,M.M.A Keywords: Safety Management, Oil and Gas Project, Effectiveness safety management, risk.
Abstract. The industry of oil and gas will be always constantly adapting to changes over time, whether in terms of technology, market demands or price thus increase the operational risk and danger in the operation. The purpose of this research is to study on the current practices of safety management implemented in the upstream part in the industry and its effectiveness, altogether to emphasize on the importance of safety management system in the industry. This researchl focus on the implemented safety management in upstream sector of oil and gas industry especially in PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd in Malaysia and evaluate and investigate its effectiveness. Questionnaire survey is conducted regarding safety and the data and results gained from the survey are analysed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and also by using Average Index (AI). The research put safety management as the main factor in preventing and reducing accidents and incidents to occur in industries of the oil and gas and emphasize on awareness and importance of managing safety in oil and gas industry.
Effectiveness of Human Resource Utilization in Oil and Gas Project Othman, I., Napiah, M., Nuruddin, M.F and Klufallah,M.M.A Keywords: Human resource management, oil and gas projects, training, development, compensation, work environment
Abstract. Employees are very important to every organization. This study attempts to examine the effectiveness of current human resource management utilization and practices in oil and gas projects in Malaysia, as well as to study the importance of having effective human resource management practices utilization. The human resource management practices namely training and development, performance appraisal, compensation, employee empowerment and ownership as well as work environment are the main practices that has being focused. A questionnaire form has been distributed to the employees of PETRONAS Carigali SDN BHD (PCSB), a leading oil and gas operator in Malaysia including their contractors.
PYROLYSIS OF RICE STRAW BY USING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION WITH QUARTZ GLASS REACTOR K.Azduwin, Z. Zarina, M.J.M. Ridzuan and Anis Atikah Ahmad Keyword: Bio-Oil, Char, Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis, Microwave Absorber, Rice Straw.
Abstract. Paddy straw was found to have high potential as carbon and energy source. As this agriculture waste was abandoned without any further uses, a study was proposed to produce bio-oil from it by applying pyrolysis method. The pyrolysis of biomass was conducted using microwave irradiation as the heating source from 1 kW domestic modified microwave system operated at 2450 MHz frequency. The microwave absorber used in this study is char which produced from microwave assisted pyrolysis. The effect of three operating variables, namely microwave power (Watt), the amount of microwave absorber (g), and particle size were studied (µm). It was found that the addition of microwave absorber had significant effects on the yields and properties of the final products. From the work done, 13 % bio-oil yield was the highest amount of bio-oil produced at microwave power of 500 W, with addition of 0.5 g of microwave absorber (bio char) for the particle size of < 250µm with consistent flow of 5 L/min of nitrogen gas and constant of 10 minutes reaction time. The pH analysis of bio oil was done by using pH meter for randomly selected one reading for each parameter study where the pH of bio oil produced is acidic which is 3.11, 3.18 and 3.86. The bio-oil produced was found to contain important chemical compounds such as cyclohexanol, 2,3-dihydro-, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and 4-ethylphenol which analyzed by using gas chromatography.
The Utilization of Coconut Fibre into Fired Clay Brick Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Siti Noorhajar Mohd Zulkifly, Noor Amira Sarani Keywords: Coconut Fibre; Fired Clay Bricks; Gas Emissions; Physical and Mechanical properties
Abstract. Over the year, agricultural establishment produced many types of waste in its daily operation. Coconut fibre (CF) for example is one of the coconut most abundant agricultural waste produce in Malaysia. Despite the massive amount and complexity of waste produced, the standards of waste management in Malaysia are still poor. The main purpose of this study is focusing on the potential and properties by utilization of coconut fibre into fired clay bricks. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of coconut fibre, to identify gas
emissions during firing process from coconut fibre brick and to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of coconut fibre incorporation into fired clay brick (1%, 3% and 5%). All the bricks were fired in a furnace up to 1050oC at 1oC/min. The gas emissions that were measured are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Based on the three gases, the results shown that CO2 is the highest gas emission produced during the firing process. Physical and mechanical properties tested are total shrinkage, dry density and compressive strength. Results found that by adding different percentages of CF, most of the properties were complied with the standards except for the compressive strength of 5% of CF in clay brick. Therefore, the utilization of coconut fibre could be one of the alternative disposal method for agriculture waste and it will also provide low cost material for brick that produce adequate physical and mechanical properties.
The Usage of Glass Waste as Cement Replacement Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Mohamad Rosli Ismail, Noor Amira Sarani Keywords: Cement replacement, glass, strength, water absorption, density
Abstract. The growth production and manufactured sector in Malaysia had led to increase the industrial by-product waste especially glass. These growing problems of glass waste can be reduced if new disposal method are utilized other than disposed it to the landfill. This study is focused on the utilization of glass waste with cement. The main objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of glass waste and to conduct physical and mechanical properties test towards the concrete with different percentages of glass (10%, 20% and 30%). Samples of glass waste were collected and crushed to the powder size (40µm) before being mix together in concrete mixture and their characteristics were determined by using X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF). Physical and mechanical properties include compressive strength, water absorption and density. The results obtain demonstrated only specimen with 10% of glass powder incorporated complied with the minimum strength of the cube with 25.6MPa. However, all of the specimens comply with the minimum value for density and water absorption test. The density obtains still in the range which is between 2116.1kg/m3 until 2239.4kg/m3. For water absorption test, all of the specimens obtain the value below than 6% and can be classified as a good concrete. As a conclusion, 10% of glass powder is the most suitable percentage to be incorporated into concrete mixture. This replacement could be an alternative disposal method to glass waste.
Thermal Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/ Jackfruit Seed Flour Blends- Effect of Hexanedioic Acid P.Santhiya, S.T.Sam, S. Ragunathan, N.Z. Noriman and A.M.M. Al-Bakri Keywords: Low Density Polyethylene, Jackfruit Seed Flour, Hexanedioic Acid, Compatibilizer.
Abstract. The effects of adding hexanedioic acid (HA) into low density polyethylene (LDPE)/jackfruit seeds (JSF) blends on the properties were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of the crystallinity and thermal properties of HA on LDPE at various compositions was investigated. JSF was blended with LDPE by using internal mixer (Brabender) at temperature 150 oC. JSF content was varied from 0 to 20 wt%. Crystallinity of the blends was significantly reduced with increasing JSF content and further
increased with the presence of HA. Therefore, the crystallinity of the blends were improved with the presence of HA.
Crystallinity and Influence of Citric Acid as a Compatibilizer in Low Density Polyethylene/ Jackfruit Seed Flour Blends P.Santhiya, S.T.Sam, S. Ragunathan, N.Z. Noriman and A.M.M. Al-Bakri Keywords: Low Density Polyethylene, Jackfruit Seed Flour, Citric Acid, Compatibilizer.
Abstract. The properties of blends made from low density polyethylene (LDPE) with various concentration of jackfruit seeds flour (JSF) with the presence of citric acid (CA) were investigated. The JSF content was varied from 0 to 20 wt%. The JSF were blended with LDPE by using an internal mixer (Brabender) at a temperature of 150oC. The test was carried out by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), with heating temperature of 10⁰C/min. The crystallinity had improved with the presence of CA. However, the crystallinity slightly reduced with the increasing JSF content and further increased with the presence of CA.
Characterization of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Rambutan Peels Flour Blends: Effect of Loading Content A.A.Nadhirah, S.T.Sam, N.Z. Noriman, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, M.F Omar Keywords: Linear Low Density Polyethylene, Rambutan Peels Flour, Tensile Properties
Abstract. The effect of rambutan peels flour (RPF) content on the tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene filled with rambutan peel flour was studied. RPF was melt blended with linear low–density polyethylene (LLDPE). LLDPE/RPF blends were prepared by using twin screw extruder at 150 oC with the flour content ranged from 0 to 25 wt%. The tensile properties were tested by using a universal testing machine (UTM) according to ASTM D638. The highest tensile strength was observed for pure LLDPE while the tensile strength LLDPE/RPF decreased gradually with the addition of rambutan peels flour. Young’s modulus of rambutan peels filled LLDPE increased with increasing fiber loading.
Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Recycled Acrylonitrile –Butadiene Rubber Blends (EPDM/rNBR): Effect of the Addition of Bamboo Fillers Z. Norhafizah,N. Z. Noriman, S. T. Sam, H. Ismail, M. F. Omar, Ruzaidi C. M. and A. A. Afiratul Keywords: EPDM; rNBR; bamboo fillers; cure characteristics; physical properties
Abstract. Cure characteristics and physical properties of EPDM/rNBR filled bamboo fillers were studied. Results indicated that the addition of bamboo fillers has significant effects on EPDM/rNBR blends. The scorch time, t2 decreased up to 25 phr fillers loading but increased further to 50 phr fillers loading. Cure time, t90 increases as increases in bamboo fillers in the blends. At a similar blend loading fine sizes bamboo fillers in EPDM/rNBR (S1) exhibited higher value of t2 ad t90 compared to EPDM/rNBR (S2 & S3). The minimum torque, ML also increases with increases bamboo fillers in the blend. Meanwhile, the maximum torque, M H of
the EPDM/rNBR filled bamboo fillers were in contrast. The hardness and degree of crosslink density of the blends increased with increased in bamboo fillers and reduce percentage of resilience at all blends. The fine sizes of bamboo fillers contributed to the better properties compared to the coarse sizes and medium sizes.
The Effects on the Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Bamboo Activated Carbon Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Compounds N.R. Munirah, N. Z. Noriman, M.Z. Salihin, H. Kamarudin, M.H. Fatin, S.T. Sam, A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri Keywords: Bamboo activated carbon, styrene butadiene rubber, cure characteristics, swelling, resilience, hardness
Abstract. The role of activated carbon (AC) in rubber compounds was investigated to better understand the reinforcing mechanism. Study into the influences of filler loading on the cure characteristics, swelling behavior and physical properties of activated carbon filled styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates (SBR-AC) using bamboo activated carbon as filler were carried out. It was observed that SBR-AC vulcanizates has better cure characteristics compared to the styrene butadiene rubber gum vulcanizate (SBR-GV) which is non-filled vulcanizate. The results showed that the scorch time (ts2) decreased with increasing filler loading. The cure time (tc90) slightly decreased up to 20 phr before a rise as the filler loading increased. The minimum torque (ML) of SBR vulcanizate increased and the maximum torque (MH) decreased up to 20 phr but then increased with increasing filler loading. The cure rate index (CRI) of SBR-GV vulcanizate was higher than that of all SBR-AC vulcanizates. Up to 20 phr of filler loading, the CRI increased before a decline occurred as the filler loading increased. As expected, the hardness value of SBR-AC vulcanizates was higher compared to SBR-GV vulcanizate which has lower resilience. The hardness and crosslink density showed increasing trend meanwhile the resilience was adversely affected with increase in filler loading. Bamboo activated carbon showed some potential enhancement on the reinforcing and physical properties of the vulcanizates.
Screening of Total Phenolic Content of Antioxidant Thin Film from Pomelo (Citrus grandis) Peel Rozaini Abdullah, Noor Safira Aina Arshad, Zarina Zakaria, Sam Sung Ting, Lee Boon Beng Keywords: Pomelo peel, antioxidant thin film, total phenolic content, 2-level factorial
Abstract. Recently, there has been an interest in potential of antioxidant film incorporated with natural extract. The film was produced by using chitosan in the presence of pomelo (Citrus grandis) peel extract. In this study, there were 3 different effects of parameter that had been screened by using 2-Level Factorial which were concentrations of chitosan, pomelo peel extract and glycerol. Meanwhile, the response that had been investigated which were Total Phenolic Content (TPC) in the films. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA to screen the parameters affecting the antioxidant activity of films. FTIR spectra of antioxidant film revealed that there were interaction between functional groups of chitosan with pomelo peel extract with presence
of aromatic ring C=C stretch at wavelength of 1555.3 cm-1 and 1410.7 cm-1. These results suggested that chitosan films containing pomelo peel extract have potential as the antioxidant thin film, which can be used for development of antioxidant food packaging materials.
Characterization of Bio-oil from Pyrolysis of Rice Husk and Polystyrene Waste R. Ahmad, N. N. Salim and R. Rohim Keywords: pyrolysis, bio-oil, rice husk, polystyrene
Abstract. Pyrolysis process was carried out to obtain bio-oil using rice husk and polystyrene waste. A fixed bed reactor was utilized for this work. The parameters evaluated in this study were ratios of mixture and temperature. High yield of bio-oil was obtained on a rice husk/polystyrene waste of 70:30, temperature of 4500C. The bio-oil was analyzed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) for its functional group and chemical composition. The aliphatic and aromatic were the major compound in the bio-oil. The bio-oil produced was found to be lower in acid content due to addition of polystyrene into the mixture.
Performance of Concrete by Using Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) As a Cement Replacement Material Liyana Ahmad Sofri, Mohd Zulham Affendi Mohd Zahid, Nur Fitriah Isa, Norrazman Zaiha Zainol, Muhammad Azizi Azizan, Muhammad Munsif Ahmad, Mohd Badrul Hisyam Ab Manaf, Khairunnisa Muhammad, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim, Zuhayr Md Ghazaly and Juraida Abu Bakar Keywords: Portland Cement, Pozzolan, Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Partial Cement Replacement
Abstract. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is one of the solid waste in Malaysia and had trouble in the ash removal. Therefore, the use of waste oil palm ash can overcome the problem of solid waste. POFA is a pozzolana material and it can act as a replacement of cement (OPC) to produce concrete with higher strength and low cost. POFA quality will increase as the range made up to a medium level of fineness in the size of 50 microns. POFA used to replace OPC is 0%, 10%, 30% and 50% by weight percent of OPC. POFA concrete compressive strength will be tested after a curing process that concrete age of 7 days and 28 days. POFA concrete density is also tested and compared with OPC concrete. Results showed that compressive strength POFA lower than normal concrete. On the other hand, the replacement of cement by 10% POFA shows a record high in compressive strength compared with other POFA mixing at the age of 7 days and 28 days. Fineness pozzolana POFA is the best material and can be used as a cement replacement alternative.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid Filled Rice Straw Fiber Nurul Hani Md Zubir, Sam Sung Ting, Nik Noriman Zulkepli and Voon Chun Hong
Keywords: Polylactic acid, rice straw, tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), biocomposites
Abstract. Natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid based biocomposites are broadly considered by the researchers to compete with non-renewable petroleum based products. In this study, the biodegradable composites which are the polylactic acid, PLA and rice straw, RS were prepared by using heated two roll-mill at 180oC. Mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break, Eb decreased with the increasing of RS while the Young’s modulus had increased. The TGA results confirmed that thermal stability of PLA with RS composites deceased with the increasing of RS.
The Addition of Imperata Cylindrica as Natural Filler in Epoxidized Natural Rubber Filled Recycled Nitrile Glove: Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties A.A.Afiratul, N.Z.Noriman, S.T. Sam, H.Ismail, A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri, M.F Omar and Z.Norhafizah Keywords: ENR25, recycled nitrile glove (rNBR), imperata cylindrica, curing characteristics, crosslink density, hardness.
Abstract. The effects of imperata cylindrica on curing characteristics and physical properties of epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR25) filled recycled nitrile glove (rNBR) were examined. The result of cure characterization show that scorch time (t2) and cure time (t90) of the ENR25/rNBR decreased with the increased of imperata cylindrica content due to an insufficient amount of accelerator or curing agent and migration of sulphur from filler to the natural rubber. ENR25/rNBR with fine size, S1 of imperata cylindrica particles exhibit lower minimum torque (ML) compared with the coarse size, S2 which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of all ENR25/rNBR compounds show the increasing trend with increased imperata cylindrica content due to the good interactions between imperata cylindrica and ENR25rNBR compounds. For physical properties, ENR25/rNBR compounds with fine size, S1 of imperata cylindrica particles exhibited the higher crosslinking density at all compound ratios meanwhile coarse size, S2 show highest hardness compared to fine size, S1. The results overall indicated that the ENR25/rNBR with fine size, S1 of imperata cylindrica particles show better cure characteristics and physical properties (crosslink density and hardness test) compared to coarse size, S2 of imperata cylindrica particles.
Cure Characteristics And Physical Properties Of Imperata Cylindrica Activated Carbon Filled SMR L Compounding. M.H. Fatin, N.Z. Noriman, M.Z. Salihin, N.R. Munirah, H. Ismail, M.A Mustafa Al Bakri, and S.T. Sam Keywords: Imperata Cylindrica activated carbon, natural rubber (SMR L), cure characteristics, physical properties.
Abstract. The potential of activated carbon as a filler in rubber compound has been reviewed .Cure characteristics and physical properties of Imperata Cylindrica activated carbon filled natural rubber (SMR L) were studied. SMR L was used as the elastomer and the composition of filler loading were varied from 0 phr up to 50 phr. A semi-efficient vulcanization system
was used throughout the study. The cure characteristics of the rubber compound was determined by using rheometer. The samples of hardness and resilience were measured by durometer shore A and Wallace Dunlop Tripsometer. Cure characteristics showed that cure time, t90 and scorch time,t2 increased as increased filler loading which indicate poor interaction between rubber and filler which slow down the vulcanization time. Minimum torque and maximum torque increased as increased filler loading due to the low processability of the SMR L compounds. Crosslink density and hardness exhibit increment as increased filler loading due to increase rigidity of the SMR L compounds. The resilience will decrease correspondingly as increased in rigidity of the compounds.
BEHAVIOUR OF AXIALLY LOADED COMPOSITE WALL PANEL BY USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS Nur Fitriah Isa, Mohd Zulham Affendi Mohd Zahid, Liyana Ahmad Sofri, Norrazman Zaiha Zainol, Muhammad Azizi Azizan, Muhammad Munsif Ahmad , Mohd Badrul Hisyam Ab Manaf, Khairunnisa Muhammad, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim and Zuhayr Md Ghazalyj Keywords: Composite Wall, Finite Element Analysis, Foam Concrete, Steel Sheet, Ansys
Abstract. In order to promote the efficient use of composite materials in civil engineering infrastructure, effort is being directed at the development of design criteria for composite structures. Insofar as design with regard to behavior is concerned, it is well known that a key step is to investigate the influence of geometric differences on the non-linear behavior of the panels. One possible approach is to use the validated numerical model based on the nonlinear finite element analysis. The validation of the composite panel’s element using Trimdeck and Span-deck steel sheets under axial load shows that the present results have very good agreement with experimental references. The developed FE models are found to reasonably simulate load-displacement response, stress condition, giving percentage of differences below than 15% compared to the experimental values. Trim-deck design provides better axial resistance than Span-deck. More concrete in between due to larger area of contact is the factor that contributes to its resistance.
Effect of Recycled Nitrile Glove (rNBRg) Particle Sizes on Curing Characteristics and Physical Properties of Natural Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Nitrile Glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) Blends Nik Zakaria Nik Yahya, Nik Noriman Zulkepli, Hanafi Ismail, Sam Sung Ting, Muhammad Ridhwan Jamalul Nasir, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Rosniza Hamzah Keywords: natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), recycled nitrile glove (rNBRg), particle sizes, curing characteristics, physical properties
Abstract. Effects of different particle sizes of recycled nitrile glove (rNBRg) on curing characteristics and physical properties of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/recycled nitrile glove (NR/SBR/rNBRg) blends were studied. The particle sizes of rNBRg were differentiated by the method of producing. S1 was obtained by cutting the rNBRg (whole glove) into smaller sheet; S2 was obtained by passing rNBRg through 2 rolls mill for 10 times;
S3 was obtained by passing rNBRg through 2 rolls mill for 10 times and then mechanically grinded. NR/SBR/rNBRg blends were prepared at 50/30/20 composition using two roll mill at room temperature, with different particle sizes, rNBRg(S1), rNBRg(S2) and rNBRg(S3). Scorch time, cure time, minimum torque, maximum torque, crosslink density and hardness of the blends were examined. Results indicated that scorch time, cure time and minimum torque decreased as the rNBRg particle size decreased, while maximum torque and crosslink density increased. The rigidity of NR/SBR/rNBRg blends increased when smaller rNBRg particles were used, which explained the increased in hardness and decreased in resilience of the blends.
The Effects of Partial Replacement of Virgin Polyethylene (vPE) with Recycled Polyethylene (rPE) in vPE/ rPE/ Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Blends: Torque Development, Tensile Properties and Morphology Hanafi Ismail, Nik Noriman Zulkepli, Woon Hon Wei, Nik Zakaria Nik Yahya Keywords: partial replacement, rPE, vPE, stabilisation torque, tensile properties, morphology
Abstract. The utilisation of recycled materials in thermoplastics elastomers (TPEs) had been less studied. Recycled plastics had been studied to have comparable properties with virgin plastics, particularly after blending with other materials. The effects of partial replacement in vPE/rPE/EPDM blends were studied. The discarded polyethylene used in the study was obtained from local cable manufacturers. The characteristics such as torque development, tensile properties and morphology were examined. Results show that the stabilisation torque and tensile properties (except EB) increased as increasing in sulfur loading. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that a uniform distribution of vulcanised EPDM in vPE/rPE/EPDM blends.
Circular Split Ring Meta-surfaces Variation Study as Surface Wave Suppressor A.A.M Ezanuddin and A.H Ismail Keywords: Circular Split Ring, Electromagnetic Bandgap, Dispersion Diagram,
Abstract. This work focuses on three different edge variation modified on the same circular split ring (CSR) longest arm of metallo dielectric periodic structure and its corresponding electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) behaviour as an alternative step to suppress surface wave. Three variants of circular split ring were studied to fulfill the requirements: Normal edge, triangular tip and tapered tip. These structures were optimized using Eigenmode Solver (EmS) with Advanced Krylov Subspace (AKS) method for full wave dispersion diagram. Final results shows a stable and good EBG region achieved from this CSR specifically within the 5.9 to 6 GHz region. The normal tip CSR that has a stable and good bandgap exits from 5.9265 GHz to 5.9516 GHz in between mode 5 and 6. While the triangular tip CSR bandgap is from 6.0214 GHz to 6.0378 GHz and tapered tip is from 6.0214 GHz to 6.0378 GHz.
Radiation Enhancement using Circular Split Ring Meta-surface Mirror for a Small Patch Resonator A.A.M Ezanuddin and A.H Ismail Keywords: CSRMM, Efficiency, Gain, Hexahedral TLM,
Abstract. This paper investigate the radiation efficiency enhancement for a small square patch resonator with the integration of single layer circular split ring metasurface mirror (CSRMM) operating at 5.8 GHz using Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method. The single layer CSRMM provide an appropriate reflection phase to act as a mirror and is able to enhance the resonator gain and efficiency. This work show a linear phase response from 5.8 GHz to 5.9929 GHz that is sufficient for 50 Ω wireless communication system operation. A siginificant improvement of 0.391 to 0.741 dBi IEEE gain over the whole frequency range is demonstrated. The resonator has an initial radiation efficiency of 0.246 and incremented to 0.406 once CSRMM is inserted. The resonator small size configuration provides adequate space for mounting the mirror close to the resonator, making it more fitting for modern wireless devices.
The Effects of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) on the properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Natural Latex Gloves (NBR/NRL-G) compounds Dahham O.S, N.Z. Noriman Keywords: compatiblizer, recycled gloves, nitrile rubber, mechanical, morphology
Abstract. The using of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) as a compatiblizer with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/recycled natural latex gloves (NBR/NRL-G) has been investigated. The compounds were prepared with different (TOR) loading (0, 2, 4,6 and 8 Phr) using two roll mills at room temperature. The properties such as cure characteristics, tensile properties, physical properties and morphology were studied. The compatiblized (NBR/NRL-G) compounds exhibited overall good cure characteristics, morphological and physical properties compared uncompatiblized (NBR/NRL-G) compound. The addition of the (TOR) up to 6Phr was the optimum tensile strength.
EFFECT OF SILICA FUME AND GLASS POWDER ON HIGH STRENGTH PASTE Henry Limantono, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, Triwulan, and Tri Eddy Susanto Keywords: glass powder, high strength paste, silica fume.
Abstract. Glass powder is an amorphous material with silica content more than 72% and potentially considered as pozzolanic material. Moreover, it was known that silica fume with content 10 – 26% by binder weight can increase the compressive strength of concrete. Low water to binder ratio is needed to increase the strength. Material analysis were X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and reactivity. Total 17 variations of pastes made with cement substitution by glass powder 10 – 25% from cement weight. Then, some of glass powder weight replaced by silica fume 20 – 60%. Composition of paste with the highest strength at 28 days was 93.26 MPa (PA10-40). Glass powders had higher reactivity compared to silica fume. Therefore, the recommended
amount of glass powder to increase compressive strength was 10 – 15% from cement weight and silica fume content was 40 – 60% from glass powder weight. There was the particle size of silica fume contributed the increasing of compressive strength of pastes. There was a tendency showing pastes still increasing after 28 days. In workability, glass powder decreased the amount of superplasticizer, while silica fume increased the amount of superplasticizer. In general, addition of silica fume to glass powder prolong the initial setting causing the distance between initial and final setting time became closer.
Physical and Mechanical Behaviors of SnCu-based Lead-free Solder Alloys with an Addition of Aluminium Nisrin Adli and Nurul Razliana Abdul Razak Keywords: Tin copper, Aluminium, Microstructure, Melting Point, Hardness
Lead-free
Solder
Alloy,
Powder
Metallurgy,
Abstract. The effect of Al addition on the microstructure, melting point and hardness of SnCuAl lead-free solder alloys were investigated with two different compositions of Al which were 1 wt% and 5 wt%. These solder alloys were fabricated through powder metallurgy (PM) method. The results showed that the melting point and the hardness value of the SnCu-Al leadfree solder alloy were increased as the Al content increased from 1 wt% to 5 wt%. The grain growth of SnCu-Al lead-free solder alloys also tend to be retarded due to the homogenous distribution of Al at the grain boundaries.
PRECIPITATED SILICA DERIVED FROM PALM OIL MILL FLY ASH: KINETICS AND CHARACTERIZATION Panca Setia Utama, Ram Yamsaensung and Chayanoot Sangwichien Keywords: characterization, extraction, kinetics, precipitated silica, POMFA
Abstract. The silica extraction from palm oil mill fly ash (POMFA) using sodium hydroxide as one of the viable processes for obtaining silica from agricultural waste was investigated. The effect of extraction time and temperature were examined to study the kinetics of the process. The fixed variables used in the present work were mass of POMFA 468.2 gram; the POMFA mass to NaOH volume ratio 0.2341 g/cm3; concentration of NaOH 1.4 N and the stirring speed 1065 RPM. The temperature used were 348 K, 358 K, 368 K and 378 K for different time up to 60 min. The mechanical fragmentation process were applied to obtain precipitated silica from the extract silica. The shrinking core model with intra-particle diffusion controlled mechanism can satisfactory represent the extraction process. The activation energy for silica extraction was 58.37 kJ/mol. The chemical composition and physical characteristic of precipitated silica which were analyzed with LPSA, XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM are similar with the precipitated silica from the references.
The Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Cyperus Odoratus (LLDPE/CY) Blends: Effect of Sodium Hydroxide
Nik Ahmad Faris Nik Abdullah, Nik Noriman Zulkepli, Sam Sung Ting, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Kamarudin Hussin and Rosniza Hamzah Keywords: sodium hydroxide, linear low density polyethylene, cyperus odoratus, tensile properties.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treated Cyperus Odoratus (CY) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the properties of biodegradable plastics made from linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/CY blends. Alkali treatments for natural fibers can increased adhesion between the hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic matric. After CY was treated with 5% NaOH solution, it can be seen that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the LLDPE/CY blends significantly increased. Therefore, alkali treatments can be considered in modifying the properties of natural fibers.
Keystroke Dynamics for Construction Industry:A Review on Biometric Systems Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus, Mohd Mustafa Albakri Abdullah, and Kamarudin Hussin Keywords: Biometrics, keystroke dynamics, pattern recognition, construction.
Abstract. Keystroke dynamics is known to be able to recognise a person associated with their way of typing on a computer keyboard. It is a feasible and useful method as an additional component to safety measures for identity validation. Previous studies show how keystroke dynamics can help to improve the recognition systems. Users behaviour when typing, illustrates individual characteristics behind the computer screen. In this paper, we propose to use this application or technology to determine the construction workers' attitude during working hours, whether they have been working within a reasonable time or otherwise. This could possibly be a way to monitor their validity period while working.
Leak Detection in Gas Pipeline using Hilbert-Huang Transform N. F. Adnan, M. F. Ghazali, M. M. Amin and A.M.A. Hamat Keywords: Leak detection, gas pipeline, HHT, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Abstract. In this paper, we proposed a leak detection method using acoustic. The Hamming chirp signal injected into the pipeline system and the estimation of the leak location from the delay time passing by the reflection in the pipeline if there have a leak. Using Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), there can give a useful signal to verify the leak. HHT transforms Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Spectrum analysis to perform time-frequency analysis. The leak location can be detected by multiplying by the speed of sound. This simple method gives accurate leak location and easy to implement.
Effect of Mixing Technique on Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites Filled Fly Ash Based Geopolymer to Compressive Properties Yusrina Mat Daud, Kamarudin Hussin, Che Mohd Ruzaidi, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Mohd Mustafa Al-Bakri Abdullah and Mohammed Binhussain
Keywords: epoxy, compressive, montmorillonite, fly ash, geopolymer, nanocomposites, dissolver strirrer
Abstract. The effects of mixing approach on compressive properties and morphology of the epoxy nanocomposites incorporating 0 and 3 wt% fly ash-based geopolymer were investigated. The mechanical stirrer with two different type of propeller; four blade (type A) and dissolver (type B) was used to blend the epoxy with the nanoclay and the fly ash-based geopolymer filler. It was found that the epoxy nanocomposite prepared using dissolver propeller (type B) performed higher compressive strength as compared to the one prepared using four blade propeller (type A). We postulate that this was due to an improved mixing efficiency and dispersion quality as observed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).
Compression Characterization of Polyurethane Foams with Different Formulations of Polyol and MDI Sinar Arzuria Adnan, Firuz Zainuddin, Nur Azni Mohd Azizan, Hazizan Md Akil and Sahrim Hj Ahmad Keywords: Compression, polyurethane foam, polyol, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
Abstract. This work reports on the preparation of polyurethane (PU) foams containing different formulations of palm oil based polyols (POP) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in order to find the optimum formulations. The characterization have been investigated to different formulations of POP to MDI at the ratios 1:1 wt. %, 1:1.1 wt. %, 1:2 wt. % and 2:1 wt. %. The influence of varied formulations of PU foams were studied on density, compressive strength and energy absorption. The addition 1.1 wt. % of POP in PU foams showed the higher compressive strength (1.604 MPa) compared to overall PU foams. Meanwhile, more usage of POP (2 wt. %) resulted lower the compressive strength but higher in density value (0.1046 kg/m3). Energy absorption with addition 2 wt. % MDI showed the highest value with 46.49 J for 70 % displacement.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Hardness Behavior of Az91 and Az91 Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Nur Hidayah Ahmad Zaidi, Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin, Khairel Rafizi Ahmad, Norzilah Abdul Halif and Sinar Arzuria Adnan Keywords: AZ91, Heat treatment, hardness, microstructure
Abstract. In the present work the effect of heat treatment on the hardness behavior of AZ91 and AZ91 reinforced carbon nanotube were investigated under FESEM, Xrd and Rockwell hardness tester. Cnt was embedded homogenously into the matrix due to successfully mechanical alloying using planetary milling. Kinetic precipitation of β-phase (Mg17Al12) also reveal in the X-ray diffraction pattern. Meanwhile, the artificial aged nanocomposite found decreased in hardness, compare to monolithic has higher value form early aged until 36 hours aging.
Properties of Cement-Based Material Consisting Shredded Rubber as Drainage Material Muhammad Munsif Ahmad, Fauziah Ahmad, Mohd Zulham Affendi Mohd Zahid, Mohd Badrul Hisyam Ab Manaf, Nur Fitriah Isa, Norrazman Zaiha Zainol, Muhammad Azizi Azizan, Khairunnisa Muhammad and Liyana Ahmad Sofri Keywords: Cement-based material, rubberized mortar, recycled tyre, drainage material, porosity
Abstract. Waste tyre caused disposal problem in country all over the world. A lot of research has been done to make use of recycled tyre rubber to minimize waste tyre disposal problem. Recycled tyre rubber has been widely used for civil engineering application such as lightweight concrete and asphalt pavement. However only a few study focused on the development of material using recycled tyre rubber as drainage material for geotechnical purposes. This paper presents the experimental on properties of cement-based material consisting recycled tyre rubber. Specimens were prepared by incorporating different percentage of shredded rubber tyre with mortar. Summation of ten (10) mixes has been investigated to determine the compressive strength, density, porosity and water absorption. From the results, it is concluded that the higher percentage of shredded tyre rubber used, will decreased the compressive strength and increased the porosity and of the material.
3D STRESS ANALYSIS OF ITER TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY M Hafiz and M Afendi Keywords: CAD, Blanket Module, ITER, Finite Element, Stress Analysis
Abstract. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is build based on the ‘tokamak’ concept of magnetic confinement, in which the plasma is contained in a doughnutshaped vacuum vessel which powered up by the fuel of a mixture of deuterium and tritium. The two isotopes of hydrogen are then heated to a certain temperatures in excess of 150 million ̊C, forming hot plasma. The Blanket Module (BM) is arranged around the plasma to provide thermal and nuclear shielding for the vacuum vessel (VV), magnets, and other external component. Therefore, it is important to determine parameter that would affect the development process of BM. Analysis is very important in the design process for the ITER BM as well as nearby components. So a finite element model was developed on the BM and the detail part of the BM was developed using computer aided design (CAD) software. The detail part was inserted into the VV and several simulations were performed to find out the stress distribution within the wall of the BM. The constraint condition was find out and evaluated. The result shows that the maximum shear stress is 539.97MPa which exceed the allowable value of 515MPa. The result shows some acceptable stress levels in most of the analysed geometry. The result obtained was used to further modify the BM design in the cases where limits are exceeded.
Thermally Stable Encapsulation Material Based on Green and Red Lanthanide Phosphor for White Light Emitting Diodes
Wedianti Shualdi, Nik Mohd Azmi Nik Abd Aziz, Nurul Huda Yusoff, Nor Adhila Muhammad and Khairuldin Mohd Isha Keywords: white LED, phosphor material, lanthanide based complex
Abstract. This study reported thermal stability of hybrid sol-gel encapsulation materials doped with lanthanides complexes for generating white light. Red and green lanthanide phosphor, Eu(tta)3phen and Tb(4DBBA)3TPPO were incorporated into VTES:TEOS hybrid sol-gel and dispensed into 360 nm to 390 nm UV LED packages. Thermal properties of developed encapsulation material were analysed by TGA. A thermal aging test up to 96 hours was done to check the stability of developed encapsulation material towards UV LED junction temperature of 120oC and the luminescence properties changes was observed using photoluminescence measurement. To check the encapsulation material stability on forward voltage, the operation voltage has been increased from 3.0V to 4.0V. The photometric measurement were recorded using integrating sphere for the properties of Colour Rendering Index (CRI), colour temperature and Commission Internationale de L’Eclairge (CIE) colour coordinates. Based on the results, developed encapsulation material produced white colour with CIE colour coordinate of (0.32, 0.35), CRI up to 75 and colour temperature around 6000K.
A fiber optic dual sensing of dissolved oxygen and temperature using Pd(II) complex and epoxy Khairuldin Mohd Isha, Syafawati Hashim, Mohd Nasha ‘Ain Nordin, Wedianti Shualdi, Nik Mohd Azmi Nik Abdul Aziz Keyword: PdTFPP, dissolved oxygen, fibre optic sensor, epoxy, temperature
Abstract. An optical fiber sensor for dual sensing of dissolved oxygen and temperature is described. The single sensor is developed with sol-gel matrix composed of noctyltriethoxysilane (Octyl-TriEOS)/tetraethylorthosilane (TEOS) doped with Pd (II) mesotetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (PdTFPP) for dissolved oxygen sensing and commercial available epoxy glue for temperature sensing. The sensors are fabricated by coating the end of plastic fiber optic with a porous film prepared by sol-gel process and for epoxy glue on the side polished of the fiber surface. The dissolved oxygen and temperature indicator membranes are excited using the same 395 nm LED light source and guided by an optical fiber. The fluorescence emission spectra of the two sensing signals show no crosstalk effects and were well determined. The experimental results indicate that the fluorescence intensity of the PdTFPP peak decreases as the dissolved oxygen concentration increases. For temperature sensing, the fluorescence intensity of the epoxy glue peak decreased with the increasing of temperature. The experimental results indicate that the dissolved oxygen and temperature sensor by using a single optical fiber offers a good sensitive performance.
Study of Covalent/Ionic Cross-Linked Modification on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan Film as Potential Material in Medical Application Siti Farhana Hisham, Siti Hajar Kasim, Azreena Mastor, Siti Noorzidah Mohd Sabri, Syazana Abu Bakar, Wedianti Shualdi, Mohd Nasha`Ain Nordin, Ahmad Hazri Abdul Rashid And Kartini Noorsal
Keywords: Chitosan; cross-linked, genipin, tripolyphosphate, ionic, covalent
Abstract. High water affinity and low mechanical properties of chitosan film wound dressing has limited its usage period during the application, thus a chemical modification is needed to overcome the problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of covalent and ionic cross-linked reactions which were respectively done by using genipin and tripolyphosphate (tpp), on the structure and mechanical properties of chitosan film. Both crosslinked and uncross-linked films were prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD, Static Contact Angle (SCA) system and tensile test. FTIR spectra showed no characteristic of –OCH3 peak from genipin at 1444 cm-1 which resulted by new covalent bonding in chitosan film that was cross-linked with genipin. Reduction in absorption intensity at 1560 cm-1 wave number in chitosan cross-linked tpp films were due to the presence of ionic interaction between the positive charged of amino group (–NH3+) and negatively charged of hydroxyl (–OH-). Calculation of pattern area from the XRD results showed that the covalent cross-linked had significantly changed on chitosan`s degree of crystallinity. The water contact angel on the surface of covalent/ionic cross-linked chitosan film also reached the highest θ at 79° indicated more hydrophobic surface area was formed. As expected, chitosan film with combination of covalent and ionic cross-linked network showed the higher mechanical strength with average tensile stress value at 71.25 MPa. All finding results demonstrated that cross-linked modification on the chitosan film had successfully reduced the film’s hydrophilicity and increase the mechanical properties of the film.
The Effects of Composition on Solid State Sintering of TungstenBrass Composites Baba Gowon, Kahtan S. Mohammed, Shamsul B. Jamaludden, Zuhailawati Hussain, Aji D. Aminu, Yusuf A. Level, Polycarp Evarastics Keywords: W-brass composites, sintering, hardness, microstructure, tungsten
Abstract. In this study, the effect of composition on solid state sintering of tungsten-brass was carried out. The densification of W-Cu has been a difficult problem to the materials engineers. However, the densification behaviour of tungsten-brass in the solid and liquid state is still not known. Tungsten-brass with the composition of 50W-brass, 60W-brass, 70W-brass and 80Wbrass were sintered in a horizontal tube furnace under pure hydrogen environment at the temperature of 9000C and the relative sintered density, hardness, electrical conductivity and microstructural characterization was carried out. The relative sintered density and the electrical conductivity increase with the increase in the volume fraction of the matrix (brass) while the hardness decreases with the increase in the volume fraction of brass. The sample with the lowest volume fraction of W has the highest relative sintered density (71%) while the one with the highest volume fraction of W has the lowest relative sintered density (66%). The microstructure of the samples was not homogeneous due to mutual immiscibility between W and brass and lack of capillary force to enhance rearrangement and distribution of W and brass. It is obvious from the results that solid state sintering cannot give full densification of tungstenbrass composites.
Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-fermentation (SSCF) using Banana and Pineapple Waste as Substrate
Yi Peng Teoh and Sharifah Zati Hanani Keywords: Banana waste; Pineapple waste; Ethanol; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
Abstract. Ethanol is the most extensively used fuel in worldwide particularly for transportation sector. Recently, researchers are focusing in producing ethanol from crops and agricultural wastes. This work is aimed to utilize the banana and pineapple waste from processing industry for ethanol production and consequently help to reduce potential environmental issues. Batch enzymatic hydrolysis via simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) technology was carried out using Aspergillus terreus (fungi) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (thermo-tolerant yeast). Results revealed that maximum ethanol concentration of 0.35 g/L and 0.27 g/L could be achieved by utilizing banana and pineapple waste, respectively.
Adhesiveness of Kaolin Based Coating Material on Lumber Wood Shamala Ramasamy, Kamarudin Hussin, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali, Andrei Victor Sandhu, Mohammed Binhussain, and Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan Keywords: geopolymerisation, kaolin, aluminosilicate, solid/liquid ratio, silicate/ NaOH ratio, NaOH molarity
adhesiveness,
morphology,
Abstract. Kaolin, widely used aluminosilicate source material was added with alkaline activator solution, creating geopolymer coating paste.Optimum design for kaolin based coating using geopolymer technology was studied. The work was to analyses the effect of solid liquid ratio, sodium silicate and sodium chloride ratio and sodium chloride molarity on its adhesive performances on lumber wood substrate. Upon observation, coating with 0.9 solid/liquid ratio, 0.45 sodium silicate/sodium chloride ratio and sodium chloride solution with 6M molarity shows promising adhesive strength. These results were further evident with morphological studies.
GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (GDM 2015)
GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR ENGINEERING: A REVIEW Anis Farhan Kamaruzaman, Azlan Mohd Zain, Suhaila Mohamed Yusuf, Noordin Mohd. Yusof Keywords:
Gravitational Search Algorithm, Optimization, Review
Abstract. This paper presents a review on gravitational search algorithm (GSA). Nowadays, GSA has been used in various engineering studies such as production cost, production time, power consumption and emission. The GSA also mainly focuses to solve the problem related to optimization, modeling, scheduling and clustering. This paper also highlights the current researches using enhanced GSA.
REAL-TIME SELF-TUNING SPEED CONTROLLER: PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGINE FUELLED WITH PALM METHYL ESTERS AND PETROLEUM DIESEL Zakaria Azuwir Mohdnor, Mohd Sazli Saad, Mohd Z Zakaria Keywords: Engine speed controller, PID, Self-tuning, palm biodiesel
Abstract. This paper investigates the performance of a real-time self-tuning speed controller designed to track and regulate at various engine speeds. The controller was tested with an automotive engine fuelled with petroleum diesel and and palm oil biodiesel (Palm Methyl Esters) within speed range of 1800 rpm to 2400 rpm. A self-tuning control algorithm based on pole assignment method together with on-line model parameters estimation strategy based on the recursive least squares method are adopted. The ability of the controller to track, regulate at various engine speed and also to reject disturbances applied for both type of fuel are compared and presented. The results confirmed that the controller performed very satisfactorily.
OVERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL FISH SWARM ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS Nurezayana Zainal, Azlan Mohd Zain, Safian Sharif Keywords: Swarm intelligent, artificial fish swarm algorithm, fish behaviors
Abstract. Artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is a class of swarm intelligent optimization algorithm stimulated by the various social behaviors of the fish in search of food. AFSA can search global optimum through the local optimum value search of each individual fish effectively based on simulating fish-swarm behaviors which contain searching behavior, swarming behavior, following behavior and bulletin. This paper discussed an overview of AFSA algorithm and describes the evolution of this algorithm along with all the improvements and combination with various algorithms and method as well as its applications in solving industrial problems.
CORRELATION OF IMPACT ENERGY FROM INSTRUMENTED CHARPY IMPACT M. B. Ali, K. A. Zakaria and S. Abdullah
Keywords:
Charpy impact, energy, strain signal and PSD
Abstract. This paper proposes the correlation of absorbed energy with calculated energy using the power spectrum density (PSD) method. The total absorbed energy obtained using the dial/encoder system may significantly vary depending on the strength and ductility of the material. In addition, according to ASTM E23, over 80% of absorbed energy is inaccurate and approximate. For this reason, we determined the energy of the experimental system coming from the dial/encoder Charpy impact test using the signal processing approach. Strain gauges were connected between the Charpy impact striker and the high frequency data acquisition system in order to capture the dynamic impact strain response. A specimens of an aluminium alloy of 6061-T6 and carbon steel 1050 with different velocities and thicknesses were used in the experiment, according to the ASTM E23. A collecton signals was converted from the time domain to the frequency domain by means of PSD method and the area under its plot was used to calculate strain energy. The comparison between energy absorbed during the experiment with PSD peak and the strain energy were performed at different materials, velocities and thicknesses. The total energy absorbed for both material with PSD peak and strain energy using the dial/encoder system can be linked by a power law equation with R2 96% and R2 94 %. Thus, the effect of the strain signal pattern and impact duration with different parameter were correlated with PSD peak and strain energy. This correlation can be used as an alternative.
OVERVIEW OF HARMONY SEARCH (HS) ALGORITHM FOR GREEN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Ashanira Mat Deris, Azlan Mohd Zain, Roselina Salehuddin, Safian Sharif Keywords:
Green manufacturing, optimization, harmony search, machining
Abstract. The successful optimization process of machining parameters is significantly important to the green manufacturing industries. However, the optimization process of machining problem is difficult to solve using conventional techniques. The computational approach such as Harmony Search (HS) is considered as an alternative for optimization process in manufacturing industries. This paper discusses the overview of Harmony Search (HS) to optimize of machining parameters. Example of previous works that applied HS algorithm for optimization problem of machining parameters is also discussed.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION LEAN MANUFACTURING IN INDONESIAN FURNITURE INDUSTRY Bambang Suhardi, Akiyumas Sahadewo, Pringgo Widyo Laksono Keywords: Lean manufacturing, furniture industries, value stream mapping (VSM), standardization work, single minute exhange of die (SMED)
Abstract. This research discussed about the principles of lean manufacturing in furniture export industries.The aim of this research is to improve production productivity by reducing waste which exists in production floor.This research discussed about the implementation of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as waste initial identification instrument, standardization work, and Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) as analysis tool and improvement
implementation. This research is practically applicable and proven to be able to reduce waste which exists in production floor and to improve the factory’s productivity.
OVERVIEW OF FUZZY LOGIC TECHNIQUE FOR MODELING MACHINING PROCESS Azizah Mohamad, Azlan Mohd Zain, Noordin bin Mohd Yusof Keywords:
Fuzzy Logic, prediction, modeling, machining
Abstract. This paper describes an overview of Fuzzy Logic (FL) application for solving machining problems. The developed fuzzy prediction model is an essential operational guideline for machinist in decision making and adjusting process parameters. This paper also discussed the previous literature that applied the FL in modeling machining process.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A SINGLE-SLOTTED, TRAPEZOIDAL-SHAPED PERMANENT-MAGNET LINEAR MOTOR Izzeldin Idris Abdalla, Taib Ibrahim, Nursyarizal Bin Mohd Nor Keywords:
Design optimization, validation, quasi-Halbach, tubular linear motor
Abstract. This paper presents the analysis, validation and design optimization of a singleslotted, trapezoidal-shaped permanent-magnet linear motor. The magnetic field distribution is established analytically in the cylindrical coordinate system and the validity of the analytical results was assessed by comparing with the results from the Finite-Element Analysis (FEA). The analytical field solution allows the analytical prediction of the thrust force and backelectromotive force (B-EMF) in closed forms, which, in turn, facilitates the characterization of a proposed motor, and provides a basis for design.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SUPERPLASTICIZER DOSAGE IN MIX DESIGN OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH POLYPROPYLENE FIBER Javad Yahaghi, Payam Shafigh, Zakaria Che Muda, Salmia Bnt Beddu Keywords:
Lightweight aggregate concrete; Oil palm shell; Superplasticizer; polypropylene fibers
Abstract. This paper reports the results of a study conducted to investigate the effect of superplasticizer (SP) dosage on the slump, density, compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths under different curing conditions as well as water absorption of a lightweight aggregate concrete reinforced with polypropylene (PP) fibers. The lightweight aggregate used in this study was oil palm shell, which is an agricultural solid waste, origin from palm oil industry. The results indicate that an increase in superplasticizer increased the workability and not affect the density. Although, the slump value increased, however, all the mechanical properties declined significantly. The reduction on the 28-day compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths was about 14%, 14% and 16%, respectively. The tensile strengths to compressive strength ration for both mixes were almost the same. An increase the SP content increased initial and final water absorption of concrete. From the test results, it can be concluded that although additional SP can improve the workability of concrete, however, it
maybe have negative effect on the other properties of concrete. Therefore, the SP dosage in concrete mixtures containing PP fibers should be limited to a certain amount.
OPTIMIZATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN TURNING OPERATION USING FIREFLY ALGORITHM Nur Farahlina Johari, Azlan Mohd Zain, Noorfa Haszlinna Mustaffa, Amirmudin Udin Keywords:
Firefly algorithm, Optimization, Turnin
Abstract. Recently, Firefly Algorithm (FA) has become an important technique to solve optimization problems. Various FA variants have been developed to suit various applications. In this paper, FA is used to optimize the machining parameters such as % Volume fraction of SiC (V), cutting speed (S), feed rate (F), depth of cut (D) and machining time (T). The optimal machining cutting parameters estimated by FA that lead to a minimum surface roughness are validated using ANOVA test.
GREEN AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY IMPERATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Harijono Djojodihardjo Keywords:
Aircraft Trailing Vortices, Cirrus Cloud, Contrails, Climate Change, Green Aircraft Technology
Abstract. (Commercial aviation is experiencing the fast growth exceeding automotive travel; the latter is well known for contributing to air pollution. Commercial aviation impacts climate by two main avenues: the emission of greenhouse gases and cloud effects. While the former impact is similar to other activities that contribute to anthropogenic climate change, the latter is unique to aviation. Anthropogenic solutions that can be offered by Aerospace Technology to address anthropogenic environmental changes, known as green technology initiatives, may only provide partial or temporary solutions. In the efforts to intervene such process and thus maintaining the sustainability of the earth’s environment, some scientific and technological guidelines to comprehend the natural phenomena and global changes are reviewed and discussed and selected efforts devoted to aircraft technology and aviation, for maintaining the sustainability of the earth’s environment are elaborated. Particular considerations are given to fuel burn affecting greenhouse gases and cloud effects due to trailing vortices and hence contrail
PRESSURE GENERATED FROM HEAD GARMENT WITH PADDING INSERT USED FOR HYPERTROPHIC SCAR TREATMENT A.F Aiman, M.N Salleh , K.A Ismail Keywords:
Head garment, padding, pressure, hypertrophic scar, 3D scanning
Abstract. Pressure garment is a standard non-surgical treatments for hypertrophic scar caused by burn injury, but the problem occur is the non-uniform pressure distribution due to the complexity of the contour at the facial area. It is different with the pressure garment applied to the lower and upper limbs areas consist of almost cylindrical shape where only a single
radius of curvature calculated from circumference measurement was used. This study uses 3D scanning apparatus to obtain the section cut in horizontal direction for the head area in order to study the contour of the head area. Padding was developed using 3D modeling which act as an insert to fill the gap regarding the problem from using existing head garment. From section curve, the radius of curvature is obtained by tangent curves and the pressure generated was calculated for each curve on the particular section. The result shows that by adding the padding underneath the garment, the pressure increases at certain area with the reduction factor in order to achieve the suitable pressure range for the treatment.
BUFFER ALLOCATION USING 6 STEPS OBA METHOD: A CASE STUDY M.S.Ismail, N.Muhammad, M.I.Hussain, Z.Mohd Zain, R.Ahmad Keywords: Unpaced production line, --unbalanced, buffer allocation, reliable production line, 6 Steps OBA, throughput rate, productivity
Abstract. This paper utilized a simulation software to determine an optimal buffer allocation for any unpaced production line when a set of buffer quantity is known. The optimal buffer allocation will give the highest throughput rate (productivity) to the production line. From the simulation result, a trend of relation between mean processing time (u) trend of the stations in the production line and buffer allocation configuration of the buffer slots were studied. It was concluded that for any unpaced production line, the best throughput rate of the production line will be obtained if the buffer allocation configuration follow the mean processing time (u) trend. By applying this concept, a mathematical relation was formed results in a development of a technique called 6 Steps OBA (optimal buffer allocation) method . In order to validate the result from this 6 Steps OBA method, a case study was carried out in one of the multinational electronics company in Malaysia (Company S). An unpaced and u-unbalanced production line was selected and this line was producing a product which is known as model A. In this production line, a few possible buffer allocations quantity were allocated on each buffer slots including buffer allocation suggested by 6 Steps OBA method. For each buffer allocation possibilities, the actual production line productivity (throughput rate) was recorded and compared to validate that the best line throughput rate was the buffer allocation suggested by the 6 Steps OBA method. From the overall result, it was proven that the 6 Steps OBA method will give a maximum throughput rate to a production line.
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON OPTIMUM BARREL LENGTH FOR HIGH IMPACT PENETRATOr Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi, Ariffin Ismail, Mohd Firdaus Keywords:
High impact penetrator, two stage light gas gun, shape charge, sacrificial barrel, rupture disc.
Abstract. The primary purpose of this project is about simulation and experimental studies for optimum barrel length of a high impact penetrator.This project uses the concept of twostage light gas gun modified by using shaped charge at the first stage. Sacrificial barrel is the important part for this project. The combination of sacrificial barrel with piston serves to compress the air along the barrel at appropriate pressure. It produces sufficient amount of pressure to rupture the rupture disc and the pressure will force the projectile to travel through
the barrel. There is some parameter to be investigated such as volume of air in pump barrel, strength of rupture disc and location of the piston in the sacrificial barrel. Some method is use such as calculation to determine the suitable length for the sacrificial barrel and the thickness of the rupture disc. The parameter will be use to perform simulation that will result in amount of the pressure and velocity of projectile that can be produced. The comparison result from simulation and experimental testing on the condition of sacrificial barrel and piston is obtained in this study. The significance of this project is more on the cost because this project only uses an atmospheric air as a mechanism to launch a projectile. More than that, high impact penetrator can reduce space because it is smaller compare to light gas gun.
DESIGN SPECIFICATION DETERMINATION WITH COLLABORATIVE APPROACH FOR INDONESIAN SHORT WHEELBASE RECUMBENT BICYCLE Bambang Suhardi, Ilham Priadythama, Cindy W. Fitriyani Keywords:
Recumbent Bicycle, Collaborative Product Design, Anthropometry
Abstract. Determination of specification for product development is useful, as it includes an overview of product-related information. However, it is not an easy thing, especially for new product. In the view of designer as the subject who has never made the product, he needs to work closely with the manufacturer so that the concept can be designed to become a feasible product. In addition, in order to reduce product design life cycle and minimize design errors, the designer needs to communicate and collaborate with the manufacturer. This research proposes a design specification based on the paradigm of Collaborative Product Design (CPD) for development a new ergonomically designed of Short Wheelbase (SWB) Recumbent Bicycle concept. This collaborative process involved an expert from bicycle practitioner which already had experience in building custom bicycle. The result of this study is a frame set design of the bicycle which considers human anthropometry and the detail list of its components. Beside of that, the process of collaboration with practitioners bicycle produces 37% change in the components used and 3 changes in shape of design SWB Recumbent Bicycle.
THE SATISFACTION PREFERENCES MEASUREMENT OF PROFILE DESIGN Haeryip Sihombing, Rosidah Jaafar, M.Y. Yuhazri Keywords: Kansei engineering, kano method, design product, emotional design
Abstract. The purpose of this study is to identify the quality of the product and the key product features based on customer satisfaction through the Kansei Engineering (KE) and Kano Model (KM). There were 509 respondents involved in this survey to answer the questionnaires developed that contains of 8 shampoo bottle design, 6 words representing emotional quality based on Kansei Words (such as Dull~Attractive; Difficult to Use~Easy to Use; Common ~ Unique; Stiff ~ Elegant; Complicated ~ Simple; Awkward ~ Comfortable), and 6 questions towards functional and dysfunctional attributes of quality based Kano method. Mostly of survey respondents feels that the proposed of shampoo bottle designs as 'Indifferent' (I) quality attributes. Also, the results showed that the “K2” (in-out mechanism toward liquid inside the shampoo bottle) using 'flip top' cap is having correlation with the design in the eyes of
customers based on ‘Stiff ~ Elegant' (SE), 'Difficult~ Easy' to use (DE) and 'Dull~Attractive' (DA). This study shows that the design of products can be interpreted through customer emotional design (Kansei Words) in which the improvement required might be carried out and focused on a particular of design profile based on what the customers' emotional design articulated.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON TROPICAL WOOD MACHINING USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. A.S. Mohruni, M. Yanis , E. Sundari, A.Y. Budiman, E.S. Martomi Keywords:
Wood sanding, surface roughness, mathematical modeling, response surface methodology
Abstract. Surface roughness is an important indicator to assess the surface processing quality and has a decisive impact on the furniture finishing effects. In this research, the application of response surface methodology (RSM) has been carried out for modelling and analysing of influences in the sanding process on wood materials. Surface roughness parameter Ra showed surface characteristics of Tembesu, Jati and Petanang. This study is aimed to observe the effect of feed rate and grit size on Ra. The central composite design (CCD) was used as a design of experiment (DOE). There were 8 runs at factorial points and additional 5 replicated runs at the centre point. The sanding process was done using a modified horizontal milling machine. The results are statistically analysed by using Design Expert software. It was found that increasing of feed rate had a positive effect on the roughness value of Ra and greater feed rates increased the surface roughness. On the other hand, grit size influenced negative effect. Larger grit size affected the smoother surface roughness. At the end of this study, it was also revealed that the optimum machining conditions in terms of feed rate and grit size were 17 mm/min and 240 for Tembesu and Jati, while Petanang was 18.63 mm/min and 226.52.
DESIGNING A LOW COST ENDOSKELETAL BELOW KNEE PROSTHESES WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY Lobes Herdiman, I Nyoman Adiputra, Ketut Tirtayasa, IB Adnyana Manuaba Keywords:
Prosthetics foot; application of appropriate technology; transtibial amputees
Abstract. The endoskeletal below knee prostheses was commercially available in Indonesia. More advanced products also available in the market but expensive price and high maintenance cost. This paper presents a design concept of an affordable endoskeletal below knee prostheses for daily living with functional ankle joint. The design was developed through the application of appropriate technology approach from the total ergonomics framework which consists of 7 characteristics; technically feasible, ergonomic, energy saving, economical, socioculturally acceptable, environmental friendly, and trendy. The result is an endoskeletal below knee prostheses with multiaxis joint system and energy store-return components installed on its modular ankle joint.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPARENT TUTORIAL PROPS FOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA USING MEDICAL INJECTION SYRINGE TUBE WASTE Ilham Priadythama, Pringgo Widyo Laksono, M. Hisyam Azhari Keywords:
Props, hydraulic system, product design, robotic arm
Abstract. Understanding hydraulic system mechanism is an important competency for undergraduate mechanical engineering as well as industrial (system) engineering student. In industrial (system) engineering, study for automation has much less credits than in mechanical engineering thus its studying method must be more effective and efficient. Instead of working with text book or simulation software, a tutorial with a props as its instructional media is a better method since students can carefully watch, physically touch, feel, assemble, and disassemble the system. Another difficulty in industrial (system) engineering is the laboratory is not well prepared for huge machinery. From this situation, this research aims to design a compact hydraulics tutorial props for under graduate industrial (system) engineering student. This research used the first 5 activity stages of Concept Development Phase from Generic Development Process. The first stage was Identifying Customer Needs which involved academic stakeholders. The second stage was Translating Customer Needs into Technical Requirement. The third stage was Generating Concept Alternatives which was more focused on mechanical structure alternatives. The fourth stage was Sellecting the Best Concept which was based on valuation with some technical criteria. The final stage was testing the Best Concept which addressed to evaluate its operational abilities by building a prototype. The design result is a tutorial props themed material handling with 3 DOF PRR (PrismaticRevolute-Revolute) robotic arm. The size only 450x450 mm (LxW). The robotic arm was inspired by VANTA MD410ib/300 Palletizing Robot. The arm is actuated with 3 hydraulic cylinder for each DOF. The system was designed to handle material from or to a graded vertical shelf. The hydraulic component such as tank, gear pumps, hoses, valves, and cylinder is made from transparent material and flowed by visible colored water. The cylinder is made from modified medical injection syringe tube waste which was carefully cleaned. The system was designed for easy maintenance and all the parts were easy to remove and replace.
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF MISMATCH ANALYSIS BETWEEN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DESK AND CHAIR WITH PUPIL’S ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA. Cucuk Nur Rosyidi, Susy Susmartini, Singgih Ady Pratama, Lu’lu’ Purwaningrum, Satoshi Muraki Keywords:
Monte carlo simulation, mismatch, anthropometric, elementary school
Abstract. In this paper, we analyze the mismatch between the desk and chair key characteristics and pupil’s anthropometric data. Samples were taken from public elementary schools in six regions (Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Sragen, Karanganyar, Boyolali, and Klaten) in Central Java Indonesia. Mismatch comparisons are made among existing desk and chair, Indonesia National Standard (SNI) dimensions, and proposed dimensions from pupil’s anthropometric data. Based on the mismatch comparisons, seat height and desk height from desk and chair proposed dimensions have the lowest mismatch. Monte Carlo simulation method is used to find the smallest mismatch among anthropometric percentile data. From the
analysis of simulation result using Crystal Ball software, seat width and under desk clearance have the lowest mismatch. Two key characteristics of desk and chair dimensions based on anthropometric percentile data have a lower mismatch than the dimensions of the existing desk and chair and SNI.
EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON IMPACT RESISTANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE Javad Yahaghi, Zakaria Che Muda, Payam Shafigh, Salmia Bnt Beddu Keywords: Lightweight aggregate concrete; Oil palm shell; Impact resistance; Thickness
Abstract. This paper explore the impact resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete from the results of an experimental study. The lightweight aggregate used in this study was oil palm shell, which is an agricultural solid waste, origin from palm oil industry. Oil palm shell (OPS) is a main solid pollutant of the environment and can be used as a replacement for the conventional aggregate in lightweight concrete. A self-fabricated drop-weight impact test rig was used to simulate a low-velocity projectile impact on the slab specimens. Different thickness of 20, 30 and 40 mm were tested for impact resistance on specimens. The outcome demonstrate that increasing the thickness improves the impact resistance significantly, but the effect is more pronounced for ultimate failure crack resistance than the first crack resistance.
A STUDY OF TOOL MOTION IN 2 DIMENSIONAL ULTRASONIC ASSISTED MICRO-MILLING Rasidi Ibrahim, Noor Hakim Rafai, Erween Abd. Rahim, Kai Cheng, Hui Ding Keywords: Ultrasonic, cutting mechanics, micro-milling, 2 dimensional, tool trajectory, motion shape.
Abstract. This paper present a study of the 2 dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling (UVAM) focused on the tool motion shape and tool trajectory. The cutting characteristics in 2 dimensional are in view by considering the trajectory of the amplitude of vibration towards tool locus into the workpiece during the tool rotation are explore in depth. The vibration platform travel in Xf direction known as a feedrate movement, thus the X and Y axis vibration generate simultaneously through the workpiece surfaces. Amplitude value acting on X and Y axis proposed a major effect as it will effectively change the shape of tool trajectory between oval and eclipse. This investigation found the major advantages of UVAM is come from the alternating cycle’s gap phenomena between tool and workpiece. The reduction of prediction of cutting force and the thinning chip thickness formations has been observe during the investigation. The finding will be discussing the potential to extended tool life, surface roughness and material removal rate in the conclusion for future research plan.
ROBUSTNESS STUDY OF ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL FOR FLEXIBLE BEAM SYSTEM USING ITERATIVE LEARNING ALGORITHM Mohd Sazli Saad, Hishamuddin Jamaluddin, Intan Zaurah Mat Darus, Azuwir Mohdnor, Mohd Z Zakaria
Keywords:
flexible beam, iterative learning algorithm, active vibration control
Abstract. Robustness studies are conducted on active vibration control using self-tuning proportional integral derivative and self-tuning proportional iterative learning algorithm control schemes to suppress vibration on a flexible beam. An experimental rig is developed to investigate controller performance when a change in the dynamic behavior of the flexible beam system occurs. The robustness of the self-tuning control schemes is validated experimentally and compared with that of conventional control schemes through the use of an iterative learning algorithm. Experimental results showed the robustness of the proposed control schemes over conventional control schemes.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINIUM-COPPER REINFORCED WITH IN-SITU TITANIUM DIBORIDE BY SALTS ROUTE REACTION Rosmamuhamadani, Ramli, Shamsuddin, Sulaiman, Azmah Hanim, Mohamed Ariff, Mohd. Idris, Shah Ismail, Mahesh, Kumar Talari Keywords:
Al-Cu alloy, in-situ, titanium diboride, salts route reaction
Abstract. Aluminium based in situ metal matrix composites (MMCs) have better properties and performance when compared to ex situ MMCs. In this research, aluminium-copper (AlCu) alloy was reinforced with 6wt.% titanium diboride (TiB2). Al-MMCs has been fabricated with salt route reaction process at 800 °C via potassium hexafluorotitanate (K2TiF6) and potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF4) salts. Al-Cu composites reinforced with 3 and 6wt.% TiB2 then will be characterized their mechanical properties and microstructure. From results obtained, increased TiB2 contents will increased the value of tensile and hardness properties to Al-Cu alloy. The composites synthesized using in situ techniques exhibit the presence a uniform distribution of reinforcement that tends to be fine and associated with a clean interface with the metallic matrix. In order to achieve a good mechanical and wear properties it is important to control Al3Ti phase formation during the synthesis of in situ Al/TiB2 composites.
MEGA FLOATS: FLOATING OFFSHORE REMOTE TERMINAL (FORT) TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT Asmawi, Mohd Zamani Azura, Ahmad Faizal, Nurhanani Keywords:
Fishing industry, offshore terminal, modeling and commercialization
Abstract. The life cycle model of Mega Float: Floating offshore fishing terminal (FORT) for deep sea fishing industry is presented in this paper. FORT is a totally new concept of a mega float for deep sea fishing application. It is aimed at increasing productivity through reducing travelling time to fishing ground by providing critical support services such as loading and unloading and minor maintenance and repair of boat and equipment at sea close to the fishing ground. The immediate concern is surely on its life cycle cost and techno-economic viability. The system is huge and remotely located far offshore and hence the element of sustainability and environmental friendliness and safety are some of the major investment issues. Immediate cost consideration includes the relatively high initial/acquisition cost and operation and maintenance costs and the intention is to at least self-sufficient by generation income from the services offered. Therefore, hybrid algorithm of cash flow and life cost cycle is applied in
FORT implementation. The paper presents an initial techno economic model of FORT. This algorithm includes nine (9) decisions variable; initial investment (𝑃𝑂 ), operating costs (𝐴𝐶𝑆 ), disposal (𝐴𝐶𝐷 ), income cluster 1(𝐴𝐼𝑀1 ), income cluster 2 (𝐴𝐼𝑀2 ), income cluster 3 (𝐴𝐼𝑀3 ), income cluster 4 (𝐴𝐼𝑀4 ), income cluster 5 (𝐴𝐼𝑀5 ) and income sell structure (𝐴𝐼𝑀𝐴 ). Gitman (2009) and Calson et. al.,(1974) formulations for project net present values are the basis of developing the mathematical model while life cycle elements are introduced based on Barringer (2003). The algorithm requires data that could be best produced based on forecast demand and projected cost. For ease of use the lengthy algorithm will be presented in a computer – based package.
A REVIEW ON MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND OVERHAUL (MRO) MANAGEMENT FOR MALAYSIAN NAVAL VESSELS – A SHIPYARD PERSPECTIVE Mohamad Zamari, B., Mohd Zamani, A., Asmawi, AM. Keywords: MRO, Naval vessel, refit, shipyard.
Abstract. This paper gives the survey of MRO management of naval vessels during refit in shipyard to keep military resources in satisfactory condition and ready, particularly for naval vessel, Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) of equipment and facilities onboard must be carefully managed. Generally, the present MRO management of the naval vessels and her equipment while undergoing refit in shipyard is based on case to case basis and is managed by objective. This often causes cost overrun and delay in meeting the contractual completion date of the refit. Research has to be conducted and output analyzed towards MRO guideline and shipyard practices as to improve the MRO procedures for naval vessels.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SHORT FIBER AND NON-WOVEN KENAF REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES: EFFECTS OF OIL PALM SHELL POWDER ADDITION Mohd Abrar Abd Latif, Mohd Edeerozey Abd Manaf, Loganarrth Maslamany, Muhammad Syafiq Mohd Hussain, Noraiham Mohamad Keywords: Oil palm shell, kenaf fiber, polypropylene composite
Abstract. Kenaf is renowned for its renewable and environmental friendly properties. Recently, there is an interest on the application of kenaf-based material for high-end uses such as in automotive industry. In this study, the effects of oil palm shell powder (OPSP) addition on the mechanical properties of kenaf reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites are investigated. Two types of kenaf are used in this study, i.e., non-woven and short fiber. For the former, the composites are fabricated by hot pressing a non-woven kenaf sheet sandwiched by thin PP sheets which have been mixed beforehand with OPSP by using internal mixer. For the latter, kenaf short fibers are mixed with OPSP using internal mixer, then compression molded by using hot press. In general, addition of OPSP was effective to improve the mechanical properties of non-woven kenaf reinforced PP composites, while the kenaf short fiber reinforced PP showed varied results. Composites reinforced with non-woven kenaf showed a larger increase in tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength with the OPSP addition than those reinforced by kenaf short fibers.
APPRAISAL OF CATENARY MOORING SYSTEM ON MEGA FLOAT FLOATING OFFSHORE REMOTE TERMINAL (FORT) FOR DEEP WATER Asmawi, Mohd Zamani, Azura, Ahmad Faizal, Nurhanani Keywords:
Offshore fishing, floating structure, mooring
Abstract. With the development of offshore fishing and deep sea exploitation intensifies, floating offshore remote terminal (FORT) which having many advantages can better adapt to the complicated environment of deep sea in numerous offshore platform. Due to the hull likely to to resonance phenomenon, FORT has more intense motion compared to other hull form types. Therefore, the main challenge of FORT in the deep sea operation is to design effective mooring system. This paper introduced the dynamic response by utilizing the computational effort associated with time-domain simulation of single anchor leg mooring (SALM). The influenced or the effect of significant wave height (SWH) over the structure is discussed. It is shown that a comparison of different SWH value in terms of their stability properties is sufficient and adequate; relative merit is assessed through comparison of full systems that have been designed to minimum cost, and to common performance specifications. It is found that single point or catenary systems, can outperform both static and dynamic solutions at the preliminary stage. Moreover, the results indicated that the position ability and mooring strength of SALM system whose intermediate material is studless chain of catenary mooring system on the premise that satisfies API specification at the same time.
PARTIALLY GRASS COVERED ROAD SIDE SLOPE AND ITS RESPONSE TOWARDS SOIL LOSS AND WATER DISCHARGE UNDER THE SIMULATED RAINFALL Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah, Zahiraniza Mustaffa, and Ahmad Mustafa Hashim Keywords: 30% grass covered surface, soil loss, surface water discharge, simulated rainfall.
Abstract. During the phase of highway construction, the road side slopes are affected which removes the top soil and make the sub soil exposed and available for detachment through rainfall. These detached soil sediments from the bare soil surface are directed towards the stream channels by means of surface runoff which aggrades the channel capacity, contaminates water quality, and leads to the increased turbidity. The study aimed to protect the exposed soil as an immediate protection cover against the soil loss during the phase of embankments construction for the rainfall data analyzed for Perak, Malaysia i.e. 40 mm/hr and 52 mm/hr. This paper concerns with the response of soil loss and surface water discharge only for 30% of the grass covered surface. The results attained showed that under the rainfall intensity of 40 mm/hr and 52 mm/hr the maximum soil loss obtained were 89.19 g/m2 and 102.4 g/m2whereas the maximum surface water discharge was found to be 3.93x10-5 m3/sec and 4.80x10-5 m3/sec respectively.
ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (EGM 2015)
A 2.4 GHz Low Noise Amplifier Using Forward Body Bias Techique for Wireless Sensor Network Applications Anishaziela Azizan, Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad, Mohd Nazrin Md Isa and Rizalafande Che Ismail Keywords: Low noise amplifier, forward body bias, low power consumption, tradeoffs, performances, figure-of-merit (FOM).
Abstract. This work presents a 2.4 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) for wireless sensor network in CMOS 0.13-µm Silterra process. The forward body bias technique with cascode configuration has been adopted in order to implement a suitable LNA for low power consumption target. The supply voltage was varied from 0.4 V to 0.6 V as to optimize the tradeoffs for LNA performances. The simulasion results show that the power consumption of 0.2 mW is achieved. However, the best performance of the proposed LNA is obtained at supply
voltage of 0.5 V due to the tradeoffs between power consumption, s-parameters, and noise figure (NF) and linearity. A gain of 12.03 dB, NF of 4.95 dB and input third order intercept point (IIP3) of -7.5 dBm at 2.4 GHz is obtained. The input return loss (S11) and the output return loss (S22) is below than -10 dB with the calculated figure of merit (FOM) is 6.46 (1/mW).
An Efficient Core Architecture for Protein Sequence Alignment Mohd Nazrin Md Isa, Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad, Rizalafande Che Ismail, Asral Bahari Jambek Keywords: Smith Waterman, FPGA, Processing Element (PE), Systolic Array, protein sequence alignment.
Abstract. This paper presents efficient biological sequence alignment core architecture to reduce execution time of the well-known dynamic programming-based (DP) pairwise sequence alignment algorithms i.e. the Smith Waterman algorithmn. The PE was prototyped in the Xilinx Virtex 5 FPGA with further improvements have been done in the scheduling strategy of alignment matrix computation and substitution coefficients’ pre-loading onto the processing elements in folded systolic arrays. Implementation results showed that the new hardware architecture for the protein sequence alignment achieved over 100x speed-up performance, compared to the well-known SSEARCH 35 ‘software-only implementation’ and more than ~1.6x speed up improvement against our previously implemented core in Virtex 5 FPGA.
Digital All-Pass Filter Based on Desired Group Delay: A Review and Implementation Faizah Abu Bakar, Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad and Rizalafande Che Ismail and Muzamir Isa Keywords: Digital all-pass filter, group delay, group delay variation, digital all-pass filter design methods.
Abstract. This paper presents a review on three types of techniques in designing digital allpass filters based on group delay. All the three methods use the same basic concept rooting back to the requirement of a stable transfer function of the filter which should be a minimumphase type, and the denominator group delay. The most optimized of the three is chosen to be implemented in MATLAB in order to decrease the group delay variation of a 5 th order Chebyshev low-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 160 MHz. The digital transfer function of the low-pass filter is obtained from the analog transfer function by means of bilinear transformation. The sampling frequency of the digital LPF is 100 times the cut-off frequency to retain the response of the analog LPF. Both of the filters are then cascaded together and the overall group delays variations are analyzed. The variations of group delay shows a reduction but the price paid is the increase of the overall group delay of the system.
Electromagnetis Wave Attenuation in Lossy Dielectric Ade Anis Afrizal, Nurul Khadiko, Fitria Gani Sulistya , Vita Nur Septyani
Dr. Ir. H. Ahmad Lubis, M.Sc Keywords: Dielectric, lossy dielectric, electromagnetic wave, constitutive parameters, attenuation value.
Abstract. The importance of knowing dielectric value on a medium is to perceive the capability of conducting electromagnetic wave. Most of failure on electromagnetic instruments were due to an inaccuracy of selecting material. Improper usage of materials may cause the attenuation of electromagnetic energy. So, it is important to measure the attenuation value. In this study, we compare the attenuation value on three media such as: clay, silicon and wood. The problem mentioned above, could resolved by applying the electromagnetic propagation formula. In this study, we compare the effect constitutive parameters to the attenuation value and frequency in three media. The result show, among three materials, by using the same frequency we obtain that electromagnetic energy much easely attenuated on clay compared to other materials followed by silicon and wood. The reason is due to the conductivity value. In this study, we obtain that clay is the most sensitive on attenuation value on frequency followed by silicon and wood.
A 2.4 GHz Two Stage CMOS Class-F Power Amplifier for Wireless Applications SOHIFUL ANUAR Zainol Murad, MOHD NAJIB Mohd Yasin, FAIZAH Abu Bakar, NORHAWATI Ahmad and ROHANA Sapawi Keywords: Class F, power amplifier, cascade, output power, and power added efficiency.
Abstract. A design of a 2.4-GHz CMOS class-F power amplifier (PA) for wireless applications is presented in this paper. The class- F PA design is implemented by using 0.13-µm CMOS process. It utilizes two stages cascade topology and the transistors are arranged in parallel to decrease transistor’s on resistor thus increase the efficiency. The simulation results show that the PA delivers 12 dBm output power and 60% power added efficiency (PAE) into a 50 Ω load. The supply voltage is 1.3 V and the chip layout is 0.66 mm².
Superhydrophobicity of Textured Ceramic Coating for Corrosion Protection in Marine Applications – A Review Juyana A Wahab, M. J. Ghazali, W.M.W. Yusoff, Z. Sajuri, S.R. Shamsudin Keywords: Superhydrophobicity, surface texturing, ceramic coating, corrosion protection.
Abstract. Technology for surface protection in contact with seawater has been studied. It mainly focuses on the capability of superhydrophobicity characteristic. Currently, the application of superhydrophobicity in controlling corrosion problem in the marine environment is still new. The development of superhydrophobicity on the materials surface can be achieved by designing a specific texture pattern in micro- or nanometer scale for producing high roughness surface. This review paper is mainly on the laser technology for producing superhydrophobicity characteristic of materials surface. This technique offers the most control and precision over the produced geometry.
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF POROUS SILICON SIZES FOR POTENTIAL VISIBLE PHOTODETECTOR A.F. Abd Rahim, N. M. Sah, I. H. Hamzah and S. N. Sulaiman, M. Mohamed Zahidi Keywords: Porous Silicon; Quantum Confinement Effect; Photodetector; Spectra Response.
Abstract. In this work, the characterization of porous silicon (PS) for potential visible light emission was investigated by simulation. SILVACO TCAD simulator was used to simulate PS by using process simulator, Athena and device simulator, Atlas. Different pore diameter sizes of the PS structures were constructed. The structural, optical and electrical characteristics of the structures PS were investigated by current-voltage (I-V), current gain, spectral response and the energy band gap. It was observed that PS enhances the current gain compare to bulk Si and exhibited photo emission in the visible spectrum which constitutes to the quantum confinement effect of the Si in the PS structures.
X-ray Diffraction and dielectric constant of lanthanum doped barium titanium ceramics Nur Farahin Abdul Hamid, Rozana Aina Maulat Osman, Mohd Sobri Idris Keywords: Relaxor Ferroelectric; Barium Titanate; X-ray diffraction; Impedance Spectroscopy
Abstract. Undoped barium titanate and Lanthanum (La) doped barium titanate (BaTiO3) were studied for ferroelectric properties with the formula of Ba1-xLaxTi1-x/4O3 for x=0.1 and being prepared by using conventional solid state method reaction. The pure phase of this composition which x=0 were found at final heating temperatures starting from 1300˚C and x=0.1 at 1350oC for overnight in air with intermittent grinding. The changes in the crystal structure of the composition were detected by using X-ray diffraction. Impedance Spectroscopy analysis is carried out to determine the dielectric properties for undoped BaTiO3 and Lanthanum doped BaTiO3 for x=0.1.
Review of AC-DC Rectifier Circuit for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting System MOHD ANUAR Rosli, SOHIFUL ANUAR Zainol Murad and MOHD NAZRIN Md Isa Keywords: AC-DC, radio frequency, rectifier, energy harvesting, charge pump, CMOS
Abstract. The development of energy harvesting gained much attention in previous decades. This paper reviews the latest research progress on developing the AC-DC rectifier circuits for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting. The various topologies of AC-DC rectifier circuits will be reviewed in term of circuit design, technology and performance. The performances criteria such as input power, frequency, output power and efficiency are discussed in details. The overall performances are compared and the best topology of AC-DC rectifier circuit is identified for the future RF energy harvesting system.
Microstructure of Sol-Gel Barium Titanate Thin Films for Optical Waveguide Applications S.H.Najamudin, H.Mohd Yusof, Ala’eddin A.Saif, Y.Wahab , and P.Poopalan Keyword: BaTiO3 Solgel, Waveguide, XRD, AFM.
Abstract. This paper presents characterization of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) thin films for optical planar waveguide. Thin films of BaTiO3 possess a high dielectric constant and unique electro-optic characteristics [1, 2], however these are true for bulk crystals and need to be correctly characterized for thin films from sol-gel sources. This material is called as a unique characteristic because it can change of polarization due to change in temperature. Barium acetate and acetic acid were heated and mixed while continuously stirred at 500rpm. Titanium isopropoxide and 2-methoxyethanol, mixed separately, will then be added to the acetate precursor solution in order to obtain the BaTiO3 sol- gel. The sol - gel is coated onto a Si/SiO2 wafer, at the maximum spin speed of 5000rpm. The samples are then characterized using XRD, AFM and SEM. The results of the XRD analysis confirmed that both the 5- and 10-coated layers are polycrystalline BaTiO3 with differences in terms of diffraction intensity, due to the number of layer. As for optical application, the surface roughness are the most crucial part. In this experiment, even the number of layers is 5 and 10, 2.927nm and 4.456nm value of RMS was obtained.
Design of Low Power Single Stage Folded Cascode CMOS Operational Amplifier for Pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converter IZATUL SYAFINA Ishak, SOHIFUL ANUAR Zainol Murad Keywords: Analog-to-Digital Converter, CMOS operational amplifier, folded cascode, single stage, pipeline.
Abstract. This work presents a low power single stage folded cascode CMOS operational amplifier implemented in 0.13 µm CMOS Silterra technology. This operational amplifier (opamp) will intended for pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed op-amp is employed folded cascode topology for obtaining a high DC gain and fast settling with high unity gain. The NMOS input differential pair is used to obtain more large output gain. The simulation results show that the op-amp achieved DC gain of 64.5 dB and unity gain bandwidth (UGB) of 133.1 MHz at 1.8 V supply voltage. Moreover, the cut-off frequency of 95.62 MHz is attained. A 1 pF load capacitor is applied in performing a stable phase margin of 68.4 degrees. The slew rate of 22.6 V/µs with 72.4 ns settling time is obtained with a power consumption of 0.3 mW.
The Effect of Different Remazol Dye Concentrations in DyeSensitized Solar Cell Siti S. Mat Isa, N. Asyikin M. Anhar, Nur M. Selamat, N. Syahida C.Adib, M. R. Muda, Muhammad M. Ramli, N.A.M. Ahmad Hambali Keywords: Remazol Dye, Concentration, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Abstract. Water based Remazol Briliant Red, Orange and Violet dyes were used as the dye sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cell. The performance of the solar cell was investigated in the
variation of the dye concentrations, 0.25 mM and 2.5 mM. The adsorption peaks of the dyes were observed using ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Spectrometer and the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell was measured using Spectrum Parameter Analyzer (SPA). The results show that the highest conversion efficiency of 0.203 % was obtained for Remazol Brilliant Red at concentration of 2.5 mM.
Fiber Length Optimization of Ring Cavity Multi-wavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser utilizing Fiber Bragg Grating A. Zakiah Malek, N. A. M. Ahmad Hambali, M. H. A. Wahid, M. A. M. Azidin, Siti S. Mat Isa and M. M Shahimin Keywords: C-band; Brillouin fiber laser; Fiber Bragg Grating; OSNR; Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
Abstract. In this paper, we experimentally investigated the performance of ring cavity multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser by utilizing fiber Bragg Grating which operated in C-band wavelength region. The combination of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) and selective wavelengths gave a new invention in optical fiber communication. Five different lengths of Single Mode Fiber (SMF) are used in order to get the best gain medium for SBS effect. Up to 33 of Brillouin Stokes (BS) signals and 31of anti-Stokes signals were obtained when 10 km fiber length was used in the laser system. The average value Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) of 15 dB has been achieved. The broadening bandwidth of BS signals also occurred at the center wavelength of 1550 nm based on the 5 dB bandwidth with 5 nm grating lengths of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG).
Comparative Characteristics between L-Band EDFA , L-Band EDFA utilising single FBG and Dual Stage L-Band EDFA utilising dual FBG configurations M. Safuan Zainudin, M. Shakirin Abu Hurera, N.A.M Ahmad Hambali, Goh Chee Seong, N. Roshidah, M. H. A. Wahid, M. M Shahimin and A. Zakiah Malek Keyword: EDFA, L-Band region, Dual Stage EDFA, Dual FGB
Abstract. The development was conducted with three configurations of L-Band EDFA, LBand EDFA utilising Single FBG and Dual Stage L-Band EDFA utilising Dual FBG. The configurations utilising the FBG using 35 meter M-12 Fibercore EDF as the gain medium to amplify the input signal power in the L-band region. The gain enhancement has shown by the Dual Stage L-Band EDFA utilising Dual FBG by injecting low input signal power of -10 dBm. The flat amplitude of OSNR at 33.358 dB was produced at injected wavelength from 1570 nm to 1605 nm.
Aligned Carbon Nanofibres (CNFs) at the Graphene/Nickel Thin Film Edge
M. S. H. Shamsuri, S. N. Sabki, A. H. Norzilah, M. N. Najwa, A. N. Edzatty, H. Alhummiany Keywords: Carbon nanofibres (CNFs); aligned CNFs; graphene; Ni thin film; graphene defects; CVD.
Abstract. This work is a preliminary study to investigate the growth of carbon nanofibres (CNFs) on monolayer graphene. The growth of CNFs on graphene has been performed by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) using ferrocene as the catalyst precursor and acetone as the carbon source. Ferrocene in acetone is introduced to the system via spray coating onto the substrate. Graphene film used in this study is grown on nickel (Ni) thin film, which is confirmed to be monolayer. Aligned CNTs are unintentionally obtained, however only at the graphene/Ni thin film edges.
High Throughput Graphene Oxide in Modified Hummers Method and Annealing Effect on Different Deposition Method M. R. Muda, K. N. Hanim, S. S. Mat Isa, Muhammad M. Ramli, and M. F. Jamlos Keywords: Graphene Oxide, Modified Hummers Method, Annealing Treatment.
Abstract. Graphene sheets offer extraordinary thermal, electronic and mechanical properties which could enhance the performance of the device with a variety of applications. However, a large quantity production and the direct dispersion of graphene or graphite sheets in water without the assistance of dispersing agent has been considered to be a challenging issue. In this study, we reported that by introducing the functional group on the graphene basal plane started from natural graphite can readily form stable graphene oxide (GO) solution in a large quantity through modified hummers method. Structural and physiochemical properties of the GO were investigated with help of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the annealing treatment on a GO surface were analyzed using a Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer (SPA) in order to obtain the electrical resistance measurement. Based on the thermal reduction results, the resistance of drop casting is greater than spray coating which indicates that, the drop casting method is more reliable to be used in any application.
Analyzing the Friction Factor for 10 µm and 20 µmin Heat Transfer Behaviour Study using Cylindrical Microchannel Model Muhammad Azril Kamil Azhar,Steven Taniselass,Zaliman Sauli,Vithyacharan Retnasamy ,Moganraj Palianysamy and Hussin Kamarudin Keywords: Heat transfer behavior, microchannel, friction factor
Abstract. A study using ANSYS software is conducted to characterize the friction factor of heat transfer behavior involving two set of cylindrical microchannel with 10 µm and 20 µm of hydraulic diameter of the same length of 1000 µm. The Reynold’s numbers used in this study are ranging from 5, 50 and 500. The type of flow used in this study is laminar type of flow. The analysis used in this study is thermal energy which the wall temperature varied to 25 °C, 50 °C and 75 °C and the inlet water temperature is static for 25 °C. The result shows that
smaller size of hydraulic diameter produces higher friction factor and friction factor decreases with increasing Reynold’s number.
Temperature analysis along the center of 20 µm Cylindrical Microchannel Model Muhammad Azril Kamil Azhar, Steven Taniselass, Zaliman Sauli, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Moganraj Palianysamy and Hussin Kamarudin Keywords: cylindrical microchannel, temperature along the center
Abstract. A preliminary study has been done using ANSYS software to study the heat transfer behavior of microchannel model. The microchannel model used is with hydraulic diameter of 20 µm and the length of the microchannel is 1000 µm.The Reynold’s numbers used in this study are ranging from 5, 50 and 500. The type of flow used in this study is laminar type of flow. The analysis used in this study is thermal energy which the wall temperature varied to 25 °C, 50 °C and 75 °C and the inlet water temperature is static for 25 °C.Results depict that with higher Reynold’s number, the thermal steady state is achieved further along the center of the microchannel.
Heat Transfer Behavior along the center of a microchannel analysis using ANSYS Muhammad Azril Kamil Azhar, Steven Taniselass, Zaliman Sauli, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Moganraj Palianysamy and Hussin Kamarudin Keywords: ANSYS, microchannel
Abstract. An initial study is done to characterize the heat transfer in a microchannel using single phase flow. ANSYS software is used to carry out this simulation study. The phenomena were characterized in a 1000 µm length microchannel model with 10 µm of hydraulic diameter. Two parameter were varied which is the Reynold’s number and the wall temperature. The inlet temperature is set at 25 °C. Results show that the higher the inlet velocity, the further is the distance along the center of the microchannel for the fluid to reach its thermal equilibrium when heat is applied.
All-optical XOR Logic Gates: Insights and Comparisons Mohd. Azarulsani Md. Azidin, M. H. A. Wahid, N.A.M. Ahmad Hambali, M.M Shahimin and A. Zakiah Malek Keywords: XOR logic gate; TOAD; SOA-MZI; XPM; XGM;
Abstract. The three XOR photonics logic gate configurations namely SOA-MZI XPM, SOAMZI XGM and TOAD XOR are analysed and compared in terms of generated power, OSNR values and BER signal quality. The highest generated power is possessed by the TOAD at 23.5 dBm, the SOA-MZI XPM showed the most extinction ratio or OSNR with 109.6 dB whereas the best BER is recorded in the SOA-MZI XGM.
Quantum Barrier Material Study on Blue InGaN LED Optical Performance using Sentaurus Karunavani Sarukunaselan, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Zaliman Sauli, Steven Taniselass, Wan Mokhdzani Wan Norhaimi and Hussin Kamarudin Keywords:barrier, AlInGaN, GaN, InGaN, lattice- matched
Abstract. This paper addresses the barrier material used in an InGaN LED in order to analyze the optical performances by performing simulation modeling. Three different materials namely GaN, InGaN and AlInGaN were evaluated based on the wavelength, temperature and efficiencies of the device. Accordingly, the experimental investigation revealed thatmaterial also has an impact on the LED’s performances.For a less severe droop, it is best to use a material that has a lower lattice mismatch like AlInGaN. AlInGaN–InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) showed a better carrier confinement effect because of the higher bandgap energy of AlInGaN compared to GaN barrier.
Electron Recombination Layer (ERL) for InGaN LED Structure on Thermal Study Karunavani Sarukunaselan, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Zaliman Sauli , Steven Taniselass, Wan Mokhdzani Wan Norhaimi and Hussin Kamarudin Keywords— blue InGaN, quantum well, radiative-recombinations, heat dissipation
Abstract. As the heat generated in the LED escalates, the device’s temperature increases and causing optical wavelength to shift. Furthermore, thermally stressed LED lights will lose efficiency and light output will diminish. In this study, InGaN LED was simulated using Sentaurus TCAD. The effects ofan additional layer named electron recombination layer (ERL)were examined through simulation.Results of the simulations suggested that to the employment of ERL showed a declination in temperature released from the device as a result of recombination of electrons and holes in that particular layer.
Minimizing the Development Steps of Piezoresistive Microcantilever Using MEMS Micromachining A.F.M. Anuar , Y. Wahab , M.Z. Zainol , H. Fazmir, S. Johari, M. Mazalan and M.K. Md Arshad Keywords: Microcantilever; Piezoresistive, Laser Micromachining, Acceleration
Abstract. The conventional photolithography of crystalline silicon techniques is limited to two-dimensional and structure scaling. It’s also requiring a lot of time and chemical involves for the whole process. These problems can be overcome by the using of laser micromachining, which a technique capable of producing three-dimensional structure and simultaneously avoiding the needs for photomasks. In this paper, we report on the use of RapidX-250 excimer laser micromachine with 248 nm KrF to create in-time mask design and assisting in the
fabrication of piezoresistive microcantilever structures. At first, laser micromachining parameters have been investigated in order to fabricate the microcantilever which can be used in multiple applications including acceleration, vibration, bio/chemical detections and also in energy harvesting section. Preliminary result shows that the fabricated sensor able to define the differences force and acceleration given regarding the unique electrical characteristic on fabricated piezoresistor.
Energy Saving Switched-Mode Regulator in Motorcycle Power Supply Mohd Fikri Che Husin, Faizah Abu Bakar, Ahmad Fariz Hasan, Rizalafande Che Ismail, Tg. Muhd. Aiman Tg. Mohd Yusof, Mohd Norhafiz Hashim and Muhd. Firdaus Mohd Radzi Keywords: Power Rectifier Regulator; Switched-Mode Power Supply
Abstract. A new approach to designing Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for motorcycle power supply is present. It uses an alternative way to efficiently regulate power output from a stator generator instead of using conventional Power Rectifier Regulator (PRR). Energy saving switch mode regulator shown the fuel consumption were less used compared using conventional PRR from several experiments using an alpha prototype of SMPS.
The Effect of Different Reduction Methods on Conductivity of reduced-Graphene Oxide (r-GO) K. N. Hanim, M. R. Muda, S. S. Mat Isa, Muhammad M. Ramli and M. F. Jamlos Keywords: Graphene Oxide, Modified Hummer’s Method, Reduced Graphene Oxide, Sodium Borohydride, Thermal Reduction.
Abstract. Large quantity of graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by Modified Hummer’s method, in which graphite is treated with a mixture of sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. A chemically reduce graphene oxide (r-GO) were prepared using sodium borohydride (NaBH4), followed by thermal treatment and thermal treatment of chemically reduce using NaBH4. The electrical resistance of r-GO was measured using Keithley sourcemeter. The results revealed that r-GO show lower resistance on thermal reduction which is 2.39 kΩ compared to chemical reduction and thermal of NaBH4 reduction which is 2.18 MΩ and 3.16 kΩ respectively. Thermal reduction is the best method to produce high conductivity r-GO film.
Design and Analysis on Symmetric MEMS Inductor N.Khalid, Nurul Izza M. Nor, WMW Norhaimi, Z. Sauli, Vithyacharan Retnasamy Keywords: Q-factor; Symmetric MEMS inductor; Length, Resistance
Abstract. This paper presents the design and analysis of new proposed topology micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) inductor. This new symmetric MEMS inductor is designed to reduce the total length of the conductor strip and hence reduce the resistance of the metal tracks.
This results in the significant increase in the quality (Q) factor of the inductor. Results indicate that new symmetric inductor topology has the highest Q-factor and it has been improved by two times when compared with the circular inductor. The analysis revealed that area of the symmetric inductor has reduced by 37.5% when compared with the circular inductor. Result has proved that the reduction of length of the conductor strip has reduced the resistance of the metal tracks and results in a high Q-factor inductor.
A Study of Fire Retardant Effect in Natural Fiber Composite Panels with Magnesium Hydroxide and Zinc Borate as Additives Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar, Chan Choon Jiat, and Nabilah Aminah Lutpi Keywords: Natural fibers, fire retardant
Abstract. The objective of this study is to investigate the fire retardancy effect of coconut coir, rice husk and sawdust panels which are incorporated with Magnesium Hydroxide and Zinc borate as additives. The natural fibers and additives are mixed and cured for one week, with Polyester resin and Hardening catalyst as binders. Fire retardancy of the panels will be tested according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Horizontal (D 365) and Vertical Burning (D 3801) tests. Principle of fire retardants and mechanism of polymer combustion will be shown in this study as well. The study revealed that the sawdust panel with both additives have the highest fire retardancy compared to the combinations of the other two natural fiber composites.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Modeling of InGaAs/InAlAs pHEMT For Wireless Applications N. Ahmad, S.S Jamuar, M. Mohamad Isa, Siti S. Mat Isa, Muhammad M. Ramli, N. Khalid, N.I. M. Nor, S.R. Kasjoo, S.A. Zainol Murad and M. Missous Keywords: InGaAs, InAlAs; InP; pHEMT; Square Kilometre Array (SKA); LNA; MMIC
Abstract. This paper presents the linear modelling of high breakdown InP pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistors (pHEMT) that have been developed and fabricated at the University of Manchester (UoM) for low noise applications mainly for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project. The ultra-low leakage properties of a novel InGaAs/InAlAs/InP pHEMTs structure were used to fabricate a series of transistor with total gate width ranging from 0.2 mm to 1.2 mm. The measured DC and S-Parameters data from the fabricated devices were then used for the transistors’ modelling. The transistors demonstrated to operate up to frequencies of 25 GHz. These transistors models are used in the design of Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) using fully Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology.
Defect Segmentation of Semiconductor Wafer Image Using kMeans Clustering N.H. Saad, N. Mohamad Sabri, A.F. Hasan, A. Ali, and H. Mohd Saleh
Keywords: k-Means Clustering, Defect Segmentation, Image Processing, Semiconductor Wafer, Image Segmentation.
Abstract. Nowadays, quality control becomes an important issue in semiconductor manufacturing industry. The rate of production with respect to time gives a lot of issues in the industry. In most semiconductor assemblies, a lot of defects generated from various processes in semiconductor wafer manufacturing need to be inspected manually using human experts and this process required full concentration of the operators. This human inspection procedure, however, is time consuming and highly subjective. In order to overcome this problem, implementation of machine vision will be the best solution. This paper presents defect segmentation of semiconductor wafer image based on colour features with k-Means clustering algorithm which can be adopted in machine vision system. In this work, the segmentation process is carried out in two stages. The first stage comprised of clustering the pixels in the image based on their colour and spatial features. Then the clustered pixels are merged to a specific number of regions. The proposed approach is being evaluated using defected wafer image. The experimental results show that it can be used to segment the defect correctly. By using this method, it is possible to increase the computational efficiency since it will avoid feature extraction for every pixel in the image.
Optimization of L-Band Ring Cavity Brillouin Erbium Fiber Laser N. Roshidah Yusof, N. A. M. Ahmad Hambali, R. Othman, W. Mokhzani Keywords: L-band, Fiber Laser, Ring cavity, Brillouin Erbium Fiber Laser, single mode
Abstract. In this paper, the performance of Ring Cavity Brillouin Erbium Fiber Laser (BEFL) within L-band region are discussed. Introducing Erbium doped fiber as a secondary gain medium into conventional Brillouin Fiber Laser configuration is the best alternative to maximize the Brillouin stokes power (output power) and to sustain the gain flatness. Few parameters comprising length of fiber, pump power and tunable Laser source power are varied to obtain the optimum output power. From the simulation process, a maximum Brillouin stokes power of 54.75 dBm is produced as 16 dBm Brillouin pump power and 1480 nm pump laser are injected to the configuration.
Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Nanoclay/ Palm Oil Polyol based Polyurethane Composites Syazana Ahmad Zubir, Ernie Suzana Ali and Sahrim Ahmad Keywords: nanoclay, palm oil polyol, polyurethane, tensile properties, thermal stability
Abstract. Effect of organically modified nanoclay on thermal and mechanical properties of palm oil polyol (POP) based polyurethane (PU) was investigated. Thermoplastic PU elastomer was synthesized utilizing polycaprolactonediol (PCL), POP, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) as chain extender via two-step prepolymer process in bulk. The amount of clay added is between 1 to 5 wt%. The produced nanocomposites were subjected to thermal and mechanical characterization which includes thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile test. The results obtained showed improved thermal stability and tensile properties of PU nanocomposites upon addition of clay content.
The Development Of Novel High Speed – Low Noise pHEMT Device for Lossless Underwater Optical Communication M. Mohamad Isa , S.L. Ong,C. Charin, N. Ahmad , Siti S. Mat Isa, Muhammad M. Ramli, N. Khalid, N.I. M. Nor, S.R. Kasjoo and M. Missous Keywords: InP, InAlAs, InGaAs, pHEMT, lossless, Underwater Optical Communication, high speed, high frequency
Abstract. We report the development of two epilayers namely the baseline highly strained channel and enhanced low gate leakage samples. The Hall data shows that the enhanced epilayer portraying higher sheet carrier concentration, but comparable carrier mobility in the 2-DEG layer, as compared to the baseline sample. The WinGreen simulation also conformed the enhanced epilayer advantages where wider Schottky barrier is observed and subsequently double carrier concentration is simulated in the channel. Both samples show low AuGe/Au Ohmic contact resistivity of approximately 0.16 Ω.mm. A tremendous advantage on 1 µm Schottky gate leakage is also recorded on enhanced epilayer where the leakage is more than seven times lower than that of the baseline sample. The resulted characteristics are much better than the reported submicron device, thus this device has find an important application in highgain lossless transmission, especially in underwater optical communication system.
