English - Na'vi Dictionary v. 13.02

English - Na’vi Dictionary v. 13.51 Compiled by Mark Miller www.LearnNavi.org Last updated: July 12th , 2017

This is an English to Na’vi dictionary. Bold indicates English words. Italics indicate the Na’vi equivalent. Plain text indicates grammatical categorization: parentheses indicate further notes. «x» represents an infix, where t«pre-first»«1»ar«2»on are the positions. Proper nouns have been capitalized. – and + indicates that an affix or adposition can fall on either side. Knowledge of lenition processes will be assumed. Abbreviations: num. = number ofp. = only for people part. = particle pn. = pronoun prop. n. = proper noun v. = verb svin. = stative intransitive verb vtr. = transitive verb vin. = intransitive verb vtrm. = transitive modal verb vim. = intransitive modal verb sbd. = subordinated

– = morpheme boundary + = leniting morpheme boundary = infix morpheme adj. = adjective adp. = adposition adv. = adverb conj. = conjunction c.w. = compound word dem. = demonstrative intj. = interjection inter. = interrogative n. = noun nfp. = not for people

Sources We have sourced every word as best as we could. This sourcing is placed in a subscript after the IPA transcription and reveals the source of each word. For historical interest, this dictionary was originally based on an initial list of around 500 words provided by Dr. Frommer in early March, 2010. As the language has continued to develop, additional vocabulary has been added as it appears in communications from Dr. Frommer via his blog and emails. Dr. Frommer has solicited the LearnNavi.org community to help come up with new vocabulary via the Lexical Expansion Project. This project continues and many suggested words now appear in the canon lexicon presented in this dictionary. Other sources are words modified by unproductive affixes that are included here if Dr. Frommer has used them and words that have a modified semantic meaning due to a productive affix. Order of canonicity, from most to least: • PF = Dr. Paul Frommer • M = The Movie 1

• • • •

JC = James Cameron G = the Avatar Games ASG = The Survival Guide PND = Pandorapedia.com

A above, over: ["i.o] P F adp. io– ’ah, expression of warning or frustration, > ’crap!’, hell!’: ["tsa."hEj] ZS intj. tsa-hey abandon, leave: [t'·IN] P F vtr. txìng > ability: ["tsu.Po] P F n. tsu’o about, concerning: [tE."Ri] P F adp. teri– abstract idea of a creation: [tI."Nop^] P F n. tìngop (derived from ngop create) abstract idea of a suggestion: [tI."mok^] P F n. tìmok (derived from mok suggest) abstraction), thing (object, fact: [Pu] P F n. ’u accent, pronunciation: ["lI.Pu.pam] P F n. lì’upam (c.w. from lì’u word and pam sound) accept: [m·l."P·an] P F vtr. mll’an " acceptance: [tI.ml."Pan] P F n. tìmll’an (derived " from mll’an accept) accident: ["fE.kEm] P F n. fekem (c.w. from fe’ bad and kem action) accidentally, unintentionally: [nIt."kan.lu.ke] P F adv. nìtkanluke (c.w. from nìtkan purposefully, deliberately and luke- without) accomplish, bring to a conclusion: [ha."sEj "s·i] P F vin. hasey si (derived from hasey done, finished) accomplishment, feat, great deed: [sæ."Ro.Pa] P F n. säro’a according to, by, via, following: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] P F adp. ìlä+ acquaintance (with the potential for becoming a friend): [PEj.la."naj] P F n. ’eylanay (derived from ’eylan friend) acquire, get: ["k·a.n·om] P F vtr. kanom across, aiming for the opposite side of: [fEw] P F adp. few– across, covering thoroughly: [ka] P F adp. ka– acting on intuition, making an informed guess: [nI."PEn] P F adv. nì’en (derived from ’en guess) active, energetic: ["wa.lak^] P F adj. walak activity that keeps one busy: [tIn] P F n. tìn (derived from ’ìn be busy)

actually, as a matter of fact: [nI.fkEj.to."Naj] P F adv. nìfkeytongay (c.w. from tìfkeytok situation and ngay true) add: [s·uN] P F vtr. sung addition, post script: [tI."suN] LN n. tìsung (derived from sung add) addition, post script (P.S.): [tI."suN] LN n. t (derived from sung add) additionally, besides, furthermore: [nI."suN] P F adv. nìsung (derived from sung add) additionally, too, also: [kop^] P F adv. kop admit: [p·l."Naj] P F vin. pllngay (derived from " plltxe speak and ngay true) adorable, endearing, cute: ["ho.na] P F adj. hona adorableness, cuteness: [tI."ho.na] P F n. tìhona (derived from hona endearing) adorn: [i."o.i s·i] P F vin. ioi si (derived from ioi adornment) adornment, or ceremonial apparel (item of): [i."o.i] P F n. ioi adult person: ["fjEjn.tu] P F n. fyeyntu (derived from fyeyn ripe, mature) adult, ripe, mature: [fjEjn] P F adj. fyeyn > advantage, benefit, upside, gain: ["tsan(N).kum] P F n. tsankum (c.w. from tsan’ul improve, get better and kum result) > advantageous: ["tsan(N).kum.NaP] P F adj. tsankumnga’ (derived from tsankum advantage, benefit, upside, gain) adverbial: [nI] P F nì– deriving affix advice, bit or piece of advice: [mo."waR] P F n. mowar advise: [mo."waR s·i] P F vin. mowar si (derived from mowar advice) advisor: [mo."waR.si.ju] P F n. mowarsiyu (derived from mowar advice) after: ["maw.fwa] P F conj. mawfwa (c.w. from maw after and fwa that) after (temporal): [maw."kr.a] P F conj. mawkrra " from krr time and variant of akrrmaw (c.w. maw after) 2

after (temporal): [a."kr.maw] P F conj. akrrmaw variant of mawkrra" (c.w. from krr time and maw after) after (time): [maw] P F adp. maw– after midnight: ["k'am.t'o.maw] P F n. kxamtxomaw (c.w. from kxamtxon midnight and maw after) after sunset, twilight, the time before dark: [t'on."PoN.maw] P F n. txon’ongmaw (c.w. from txon’ong sunset and maw after) after, afterwards: ["maw.kr] P F adv. mawkrr (c.w. from maw after and" krr time) afternoon: [haP."NiR] P F n. ha’ngir afterwards, after: ["maw.kr] P F adv. mawkrr (c.w. from maw after and" krr time) again: [nI."mun] P F adv. nìmun against (as in: fight against): [wæ] P F adp. wä+ age: ["kE.wan] P F n. kewan (derived from koak old and ’ewan young) aged (for living things), old: ["ko.ak^] P F adj. koak ago: [kam] P F adp. kam– agree: [m·l."t·E] P F vin. mllte " ahead of time, before, already: [sRE."kr] P F " tiadv. srekrr (c.w. from sre before and krr me) aim, goal, purpose, target: [tI."kan] P F n. tìkan (derived from kan aim) aim, to intend; aim, to direct a weapon or other object at a target: [k·an] P F vtrm., vtr. kan aiming for the opposite side of, across: [fEw] P F adp. few– air: [ja] P F n. ya alarm cry, call to defense: ["Raw.kE] P F intj. rawke alien: ["kE.tu.woN] P F n. ketuwong alien: ["kE.woN] P F adj. kewong alight, land (process of): [kl."w·o] P F vin. kllwo " wo reach for) (c.w. from kllte ground and alive, living, living thing: [Ru."sEj] P F adj., n. rusey (c.w. from rey live and «us» active participle infix) all (of), in toto, completely: [nI."wot'] P F adv. nìwotx (derived from wotx totality, whole) all is well, everything is fine or OK: [fRaw."zo] P F intj. frawzo (derived from fra’u everything and zo be well)

all the time, always: ["fRa.kr] P F adv. frakrr (derived from krr time) " allergen: [fnE."t'um] P F n. fnetxum (derived from txum poison) allow: [t·uN] P F vtr. tung almost: [stum] P F adv. stum alone (as one person): [nI."Paw.tu] P F adv. nì’awtu (c.w. from ’aw one and tute person) alongside, beside: ["Ro.fa] P F adp. rofa– alphabet: [sna.pam."REl.vi] P F n. snapamrelvi (derived from pamrelvi letter (phonetic symbol)) already: [li] P F adv. li already, before, ahead of time: [sRE."kr] P F " tiadv. srekrr (c.w. from sre before and krr me) also, too, additionally: [kop^] P F adv. kop also, too, as well, likewise: [nI."tEN] P F adv. nìteng (derived from teng same, equal) although: [hu."fwa] P F conj. hufwa always, all the time: ["fRa.kr] P F adv. frakrr (derived from krr time) " am, be, is, are: [l·u] P F vin., svin. lu (predicative copula, existential verb) (signifies possession with dative of possessor) among: [kip^] P F adp. kip– amount: [hIm."t'an] P F n. hìmtxan (c.w. from hìm small and txan much) amulet, totem: ["lo.Pa] P F n. lo’a amusing, humorous, funny: ["Pi.pu] P F adj. ’ipu an acquisition, something acquired, a possession: [sæ."ka.nom] P F n. säkanom (derived from kanom acquire) an exhibition, a showing: [sæ.wIn."t'u] P F n. säwìntxu (derived from wìntxu show) an exploration or investigation: [sæ."laN] P F n. sälang (derived from lang investigate, explore) an individual tall, thin waterfall that pours down a sheer high cliff, or off of a floating mountain (countable): [sE."Pajl] P F n. se’ayl an instance of defeat, defeat: [sæ.læ."t'ajn] P F n. sälätxayn (derived from lätxayn defeat) an instance of glowing; light source, glow, lamp: [sæ."nr] P F n. sänrr (derived from nrr " glow) ancestor: ["pi.za.ju] P F n. pizayu 3

argue, dispute: [wæ."t·E] P F vtr. wäte argument, dispute: [tI.wæ."tE] P F n. tìwäte (derived from wäte argue) argumentative (of an agent), disagreeable: [lE.wæ."tE] P F adj. lewäte (derived from wäte argue) arm: [p'un] P F n. pxun armband: ["p'aw.p'un] P F n. pxawpxun (c.w. from pxaw around and pxun arm) around: [p'aw] P F adp. pxaw– arrival: [tI."pæ.hEm] P F n. tìpähem (derived from pähem arrive) arrive: ["p·æ.h·Em] P F vin. pähem arrive, get to a place: ["p·a.t·E] ZS v. pate arrow: [swi."zaw] P F n. swizaw > art: ["tsE.o] P F n. tseo > artist (generic term) : ["tsE.o.tu] P F n. tseotu (derived from tseo art) > artist (visual) : ["REl.tsE.o.tu] P F n. reltseotu (derived from reltseo visual art) as a matter of fact, actually: [nI.fkEj.to."Naj] P F adv. nìfkeytongay (c.w. from tìfkeytok situation and ngay true) as always: [nI."fRa.kr] P F adv. nìfrakrr (derived " from frakrr always) as an example, for example: [nat."kE.noN] P F conj. natkenong (c.w. from na like, as and tìkenong example) > as an obligation, dutifully: [nI."tson] P F adv. nìtson (derived from tson duty, obligation) as before, yet, still: [mi] P F adv. mi as found around a watering hole, smell of living animals: [a."t'aR] P F adj. atxar as is known (casual speech [naw."no.mum]), as you know: [nI.aw."no.mum] P F adv. nìawnomum (derived from «awn» passive participle infix and omum know) as we do (casual speech [naj."wEN]), like us: [nI.aj."wEN] P F adv. nìayoeng (derived from ayoeng us (inclusive)) as well, too, also, likewise: [nI."tEN] P F adv. nìteng (derived from teng same, equal) as you know, as is known (casual speech [naw."no.mum]): [nI.aw."no.mum] P F adv. nìawnomum (derived from «awn» passive participle infix and omum know) as, like: [na] P F adp. na– as, like: [p'El] P F adp. pxel–

ancient, very old: ["t'an.lal] P F adj. txanlal (c.w. from txan much and lal old) and: [sI] P F conj. sì (connects two things, can be attached as –sì: for clauses use ulte and) and (clausal conjunction): ["ul.tE] P F conj. ulte and also: [kop^] P F conj. kop anger: [tI."sti] P F n. tìsti (derived from sti be angry) anger (intransitive), be angry: [st·i] P F vin. sti anger, make someone angry: [stEj."k·i] P F vtr. steyki (derived from sti be angry and «eyk» causative infix) angrily: [nI."sti] P F adv. nìsti (derived from sti be angry) angry snarl, ’watch it!’: [o."sss] LA intj. oìsss animal call: [zawr] P F n. zawr animal, beast: [i."o.aN] P F n. ioang annoy, bother: [sR·æt'] P F vtr. srätx annoyance: [sæ."sRæt'] P F n. säsrätx (derived from srätx annoy) answer, respond: [P·EjN] P F v. ’eyng answer, response: [tI."PEjN] P F n. tì’eyng (derived from ’eyng answer) > apologise (apologize): [tsap."Pa.lu.tE "s·i] P F vin. tsap’alute si (derived from tsap’alute apology) > apology: [tsap."Pa.lu.tE] P F n. tsap’alute apparently: [tat."lam] P F adv. tatlam (derived from lam seem) apparently: [nI."lam] P F adv. nìlam (derived from lam seem) appealing as food, fresh: ["p'a.sul] P F adj. pxasul appear, materialize, come into view: [sR·ER] P F vin. srer appear, seem: [l·am] P F vin. lam appearance: [tI."lam] P F n. tìlam (derived from lam seem) appearance, sight, look: [PuR] P F n. ’ur apprentice teacher: [kaR.ju."naj] P F n. karyunay (derived from karyu teacher) approach: [l·ok^] P F vtr. lok approach, system, process, procedure: ["vE.fja] P F n. vefya (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and fya’o way, manner) approximately, roughly: [wum] P F adv. wum are, be, am, is: [l·u] P F vin., svin. lu (predicative copula, existential verb) (signifies possession with dative of possessor) 4

at night: ["t'on.kr] P F adv. txonkrr (c.w. from txon night and" krr time) > at that time, then, that time: [tsa."kr] P F adv. tsakrr (derived from tsa- that and "krr time) at the time that, when: ["kr.a] P F conj. krra (derived from krr time) " attack: ["P·E.k·o] P F vtr. ’eko attempt: [tI."fmi] P F n. tìfmi (derived from fmi attempt) attempt: [sæ."fmi] P F n. säfmi (derived from fmi try, attempt) attempt, try: [fm·i] P F vtrm. fmi (with the subjunctive) attention to detail, thoroughness: [tI."no] P F n. tìno attribute, feature, trait, characteristic, point, aspect, facet, property: [sjon] P F n. syon aurora: [taw.sju."Ra.tan] P F,LN n. tawsyuratan (c.w. from taw sky and syuratan (bio)luminescence) auspicious, favorable: ["Et.RIp^] P F adj. etrìp auxiliary verb, postpositional non-bound verb do, make: [s·i] P F si deriving affix avatar, dreamwalker body: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'] JC,P F n. uniltìrantokx (c.w. from uniltìranyu dreamwalker and tokx body) avoid: ["P·aw.nIm] P F vtr. ’awnìm (c.w. from ’ì’awn remain and alìm distance) awake: [t'En] P F adj. txen awakeness, the state of waking: [tI."t'En] P F n. tìtxen (derived from txen awake) > awareness, notice: [tI."tsE.Ri] P F n. tìtseri (derived from tseri note, notice) away (direction): [nE."to] P F adv. neto (derived from ne to) away (position): [mI."so] P F adv. mìso (derived from mì in)

as, same way as (similar action): [nI."tEN.fja] P F adv. nìtengfya (derived from tengfya as, same way as (conj.)) as, same way as (situational similarity): ["tEN.fja] P F conj. tengfya (c.w. from teng same, equal and fya’o path) ascend, come up: [fæ."z·a.P·u] P F vin. fäza’u (c.w. from fäpa top and za’u come) ascend, go up: [fæ."k·æ] P F vin. fäkä (c.w. from fäpa top and kä go) ash, cinder: ["t'E.pI.va] P F n. txepìva (derived from txep fire and ìlva flake) ask: [p·awm] P F v. pawm ask for, request: [v·in] P F vtr. vin aspect, feature, trait, attribute, characteristic, point, facet, property: [sjon] P F n. syon ass, butt, rear end: [t'Im] P F n. txìm assign a task, command, order: [k'·Im] P F vtr. kxìm assigning tasks, commanding, ordering: [tI."k'Im] P F n. tìkxìm (derived from kxìm command, order, assign tasks) assistance, help: [sRuN] P F n. srung assistant, helper: ["sRuN.si.ju] P F n. srungsiyu (derived from srung help) assume: [sRE."fp·Il] P F vtr. srefpìl (derived from sre+ before and fpìl think) at (locative): [Ro] P F adp. ro+ at a distance, far away: [a."lIm] P F adv. alìm (derived from lìm far, be far) at close range, nearby: [a."sim] P F adv. asim (derived from sim near, be near) at first, originally: [nI."sNæ.Pi] P F adv. nìsngä’i (derived from sngä’i begin) at long last, finally: [nI."PiP.a] P F adv. nì’i’a (derived from ’i’a end) B

> back down, give ground: ["t·IN "tsEN] P F vin. tìng tseng (derived from tìng give and tseng ground)

a bit, a small amount (abstract): [nI."Pit^] P F adv. nì’it (derived from ’it bit, a small amount) baby carrier: ["pr.smuN] P F n. prrsmung (c.w. " and smung transportation from prrnen baby device) baby, infant: ["pr.nEn] P F n. prrnen " back (direction): [nE."PIm] P F adv. ne’ìm back (of the body): [t'al] P F n. txal

back, in response, in answer: [nI."PEjN] P F adv. nì’eyng (derived from ’eyng answer) bad: [fEP] P F adj. fe’ nfp. bad hearted, malicious: ["kawN.lan] P F adj. kawnglan (c.w. from kawng bad, evil and txe’lan heart) 5

bad tasting: [ft'I."væP] P F adj. ftxìvä’ (c.w. from ftxì tongue and vä’ noisome) bad, evil: [kawN] P F adj. kawng bad-smelling: [on."væP] P F adj. onvä’ (c.w. from ontu nose and vä’ unpleasant to the senses) bad-sounding: [mIk."væP] P F adj. mikvä’ (derived from mikyun ear and vä’ unpleasant to the senses) badly: [nI."fEP] P F adv. nìfe’ (derived from fe’ bad) ball: [Rum] P F n. rum banana fruit: ["u.tu.ma.u.ti] P F n. utumauti (c.w. from utu canopy and mauti fruit) (lit. canopy fruit) banshee rider visor: ["i.o.naR] P F n. ionar bar, rod, pole: [swEk^] P F n. swek bark (of a tree): ["tan.lEN] P F n. tanleng (derived from tangek trunk (of a tree) and ta’leng skin) barricade, obstruction: [E."k'an] P F n. ekxan based on the cause, because: [ta."wEjk(a)] P F conj. taweyk(a) basically, fundamentally, in essence: [nI."Ran] P F adv. nìran (derived from ran intrinsic character or nature) battle party, squad, military clan: ["wEm.po.Nu] P F n. wempongu (c.w. from wem fight and pongu group) > be able, can: [ts·un] P F vim. tsun be above someone in a heirarchy, be someone’s superior: [tI."k'Im s·i] P F vin. tìkxìm si (derived from tìkxìm commanding, ordering, assigning tasks) be afraid: ["t'o.pu "s·i] P F vin. txopu si (derived from txopu fear) be angry, anger (intransitive): [st·i] P F vin. sti be as it should be, be well, be intact, work correctly or as nature intended: [z·o] P F svin. zo be at, occupy a space: [t·ok^] P F vtr. tok be bad at: [w·æt'] P F vtr. wätx be born: ["P·o.N·ok'] P F vin. ’ongokx (c.w. from ’ong unfold and nokx give birth to) be busy (negative sense): be tired out and overwhelmed by an activity that’s keeping one busy: ["v·r.·In] P F svin. vrrìn (de" rived from ’ìn be busy)

be busy (positive sense), be engrossed in something one finds especially pleasant and energizing: ["s·u.l·In] P F svin. sulìn (derived from ’ìn be busy) be busy, be occupied: [P·In] P F svin. ’ìn be careful, watch out: ["na.Ri s·i] P F vin. nari si (derived from nari eye) be content, calm, there there: ["tam "tam] M intj. tam tam be curious, odd, strange, unexpected: [h·Ek^] P F vin. hek be curious, want to know: [n·Ew."o.mum] P F svin. newomum (c.w. from new want and omum know) be engrossed in something one finds especially pleasant and energizing, be busy (positive sense): ["s·u.l·In] P F svin. sulìn (derived from ’ìn be busy) be enjoyable: [z·aw."pr.tEP] P F vin. zawprrte’ (derived from za’u "come and prrte’ pleasurable) be enthusiastic about, show enthusiasm for, be excited about: ["s·oP.h·a] P F vtr. so’ha (Note: Being enthusiastic is always transitive in Na’vi -PF) be excited about, be enthusiastic about, show enthusiasm for: ["s·oP.h·a] P F vtr. so’ha (Note: Being enthusiastic is always transitive in Na’vi -PF) be familiar, be known (with dative): [sm·on] P F vin. smon be famous: [t'an."R·o.P·a] P F vin. txanro’a (c.w. from txan much and ro’a inspire awe or respect) be far: [l·Im] P F svin. lìm be good at: [fn·an] P F vtr. fnan be horizontal, lie flat: [t'·aj] P F vin. txay be impressive, inspire awe or respect: ["R·o.P·a] P F vin. ro’a be in order, be organized: [vE."z·o] P F vin. vezo (c.w. from ve’o order and zo be as it should be) be intact, be well, be as it should be, work correctly or as nature intended: [z·o] P F svin. zo be interesting, intriguing: ["El.tuR tI."t'En s·i] P F vin. eltur tìtxen si (derived from eltu-r brain (dative) and tìtxen awakeness) 6

beat (rhythmic): ["PE.koN] P F n. ’ekong beat, strike, slap: ["t·a.k·uk^] P F vtr. takuk beautiful (inner beauty): ["ju.Ej] P F adj. yuey ofp. beautiful sounding, pleasant sounding: [mIk."loR] P F adj. miklor (derived from mikyun ear and lor beautiful) beautiful visually: [naR."loR] P F adj. narlor (derived from nari eye and lor beautiful, pleasant to the senses) beautiful, pleasant to the senses: [loR] P F adj. lor beauty: [tI."loR] P F n. tìlor (derived from lor beautiful) because of that, therefore: [ta."fRal] P F adv. tafral because of, due to: [ta."lun] P F adp. talun– because, based on the cause: [ta."wEjk(a)] P F conj. taweyk(a) because, from the reason: [ta."lun(a)] P F conj. talun(a) (c.w. from ta from and lun reason) because, from the reason: [a."lun.ta] P F conj. alunta become stuck, get caught in something: [n·ip^] P F vin. nip become well, heal, get fixed (ii): ["zo.sl·u] P F vin. zoslu (c.w. from zo be well and slu become) before: ["sRE.fwa] P F conj. srefwa (derived from sre+ before and fwa that) before (time): [sRE] P F adp. sre+ before dawn: [sRE.sr."PoN] P F n. sresrr’ong (c.w. " trr’ong dawn) from sre before and before midnight: [sRE."kam.t'on] P F n. srekamtxon (c.w. from sre before and kxamtxon midnight) before, already, ahead of time: [sRE."kr] P F " tiadv. srekrr (c.w. from sre before and krr me) before, by, up to but not after: ["li.sRE] P F adp. lisre+ (c.w. from li already and sre+ before) before, in front of (place): ["E.o] P F adp. eo– begin, start: ["sN·æ.P·i] P F vim. sngä’i beginner: ["sNæ.Pi.ju] P F n. sngä’iyu (derived from sngä’i begin) beginning, starting position, initial location: > ["sNæ.PI.tsEN] P F n. sngä’itseng (c.w. from sngä’i start and tseng place)

be known (with dative), be familiar: [sm·on] P F vin. smon be luminous, glow: [n·r] P F vin. nrr " be miserable, suffer mentally or emotionally: [N·æ."P·æn] P F vin. ngä’än be naughty, do mischief: ["sti.wi s·i] P F vin. stiwi si (derived from stiwi mischief ) be near: [s·im] P F svin. sim be occupied, be busy: [P·In] P F svin. ’ìn > be of importance, matter: ["tsR·an.t·En] P F vin. tsranten be of value, have some positive value, be worth something: [l·Ej] P F vin. ley be organized, be in order: [vE."z·o] P F vin. vezo (c.w. from ve’o order and zo be as it should be) be painful, hurt: [tI."sRaw "s·i] P F vin. tìsraw si (derived from tìsraw pain) be particularly interested in, focus on, specialize in: ["k·an.P·In] P F vtr. kan’ìn (c.w. from kan aim and ’in be busy) be patient (ii): [ma."wEj.p·Ej] P F svin. maweypey (c.w. from mawey calm and pey wait) be perfect, flawless: [j·oP^] P F svin. yo’ be pleasing or likeable, bring enjoyment: ["s·u.n·u] P F vin. sunu > be possible, may: ["ts·un.sl·u] P F vin. tsunslu (c.w. from tsun be able and slu become) be quiet, quiet: [fn·u] P F vin. fnu be responsible: [kl."fR·oP] P F svin. kllfro’ " be responsible for, look after, take care of: [v·EwN] P F vtr. vewng be someone’s superior, be above someone in a heirarchy: [tI."k'Im s·i] P F vin. tìkxìm si (derived from tìkxìm commanding, ordering, assigning tasks) be vertical: [k'·Em] P F vin. kxem be well, be intact, be as it should be, work correctly or as nature intended: [z·o] P F svin. zo be worth something, be of value, have some positive value: [l·Ej] P F vin. ley be, am, is, are: [l·u] P F vin., svin. lu (predicative copula, existential verb) (signifies possession with dative of possessor) be, or get drunk: ["R·o.·u] P F vin. rou (example use: rou fa pxir) bead (decorative): [sRok^] P F n. srok beast, animal: [i."o.aN] P F n. ioang 7

beginning, starting time: ["sNæ.Pi.kr] P F n. bit, a small amount: [Pit^] P F n. ’it " krr tisngä’ikrr (c.w. from sngä’i begin and bite: [fR·Ip^] P F vtr. frìp me) bitter: ["sjæ.Pæ] P F adj. syä’ä begrudgingly, disagreeably: [nI.wæ."tE] P F black: [la."jon] P F adj. layon adv. nìwäte (derived from wäte argue) black: [la."jom.pin] P F n. layompin (derived behind: ["u.o] P F adp. uo– from layon black) > believe: [sp·aw] P F vtr. spaw bladder lantern, nectar lantern: ["tsmi.snr] P F beloved: ["jaw.nE] P F adj. yawne n. tsmisnrr (c.w. from tsmi nectar and" nrr below, under: ["æ.o] P F adp. äo– glow) bench; any tool or device to facilitate sitting, blade of grass: ["zE.swa.vi] P F n. zeswavi (derichair, stool: [sEjn] P F n. seyn (derived from ved from zeswa grass) sä’o tool and heyn sit) blemish, deformity, stain, flawed feature: bend: [i·l] P F vin. il ["fEP.Ran.vi] P F n. fe’ranvi (derived from > fe’ran flawed nature, inherently defective) benefit, advantage, upside, gain: ["tsan(N).kum] n. tsankum (c.w. from tsan’ul improve, get blind: [kak."REl] P F adj. kakrel (derived from rel PF better and kum result) image, picture) berry: ["pa.suk^] P F n. pasuk blindness: [tI.kak."REl] P F n. tìkakrel (derived from kakrel blind) beside, alongside: ["Ro.fa] P F adp. rofa– besides, additionally, furthermore: [nI."suN] blizzard: [t'an."fwER.wI] P F n. txanfwerwì (derived from txan much and hufwe+herwì P F adv. nìsung (derived from sung add) wind+snow) best: [swEj] P F adj. swey best, optimally: [nI."swEj] P F adv. nìswey (de- blood: ["REj.paj] P F n. reypay (c.w. from rey live and pay water) rived from swey best) betray: [ka."vuk^ "s·i] P F vin. kavuk si (derived blooming, unfolding: [tI."PoN] P F n. tì’ong (derived from ’ong bloom) from kavuk treachery) blossom, unfold: [P·oN] P F v. ’ong between: [mI."kam] P F adp. mìkam– blue, green: ["E.an] P F adj. ean beyond: ["nu.æ] P F adp. nuä+ beyond perfection, sublime: ["fjo.lE] P F adj. blue, green: ["E.am.pin] P F n. eampin (derived from ean blue, green) fyole blunt (as a point), dull: [fwEm] P F adj. fwem bib necklace: ["fk'i.lE] P F n. fkxile > boat: ["u.Ran] P F n. uran big (in size), tall: [tsawl] P F adj. tsawl ofp. bodily, physical: [lE."tok'] P F adj. letokx (deribind: [j·Im] P F vtr. yìm ved from tokx body) bind / bring two or more things together (ii): [Paw.stEN."j·Em] P F vtr. ’awstengyem (c.w. body: [tok'] P F n. tokx > from ’awsiteng together and yem put) bond (neural connection): [tsa."hEj.lu] JC,P F n. tsaheylu bioluminescence: [sju."Ra.tan] JC,P F n. syuratan (c.w. from syura energy and atan light) bond with, establish a neural connection: > [tsa."hEjl "s·i] P F vin. tsaheyl si (derived bioluminescent freckle, star: [tan."hI] P F n. from tsaheylu bond) tanhì bird: ["ja.jo] P F n. yayo (c.w. from ya air and bone: ["t'æ.REm] P F n. txärem ioang animal) boom (onomatopoeic): ["k'aN.aN.aN] P F intj. > kxangangang bird’s nest: ["ja.jo.tsRul] P F n. yayotsrul (c.w. from yayo bird and tsrul nest) border, edge, brink, limit, end: [t'Ew] P F n. txew bird, young of an animal, fish, insect: ["li.ni] border, perimeter, circumference: ["p'aw.pa] P F n. lini bit of language, expression: ["lIP.fja.vi] P F n. P F n. pxawpa (c.w. from pxaw around and pa’o side) lì’fyavi (derived from lì’fya language) bit or piece of advice, advice: [mo."waR] P F n. borrow: [za."sR·In] P F vtr. zasrìn (derived from mowar srìn temporarily transfer from one to another) 8

brink, edge, limit, border, end: [t'Ew] P F n. txew broad, vast, expansive: ["ho.Et^] P F adj. hoet broken: [fwEl] P F adj. fwel broken heart, broken heartedness: [jawn."jEw.la] P F n. yawnyewla (c.w. from yawne beloved and yewla disappointment) broken heartedness, broken heart: [jawn."jEw.la] P F n. yawnyewla (c.w. from yawne beloved and yewla disappointment) > brother: ["tsmu.kan] P F n. tsmukan (derived from tsmuk sibling) brow, forehead: [za."REP] P F n. zare’ (c.w. from zapxì front and re’o head) brown: ["kl.vawm] P F adj. kllvawm (c.w. from " kllte ground and vawm dark) > bruise, cut, minor wound: ["sk'iR.tsjIp^] P F n. skxirtsyìp (derived from skxir wound) brush, comb: [sl·aJk^] P F vtr. slayk bubble: [t'at'] P F n. txatx bud: ["pr.nE.sjul] P F n. prrnesyul (c.w. from " baby and syulang flower) prrnen build, construct: ["t'·u.l·a] P F vtr. txula burn, consume: [n·Ek'] P F vtr. nekx bury: [kl."j·Em] P F vtr. kllyem (c.w. from kllte " and yem put) ground > bush: ["ut.Ral.tsjIp^] P F n. utraltsyìp (derived from utral tree) but: [slæ] P F conj. slä but also: ["slæ.kop^] P F adv. släkop (c.w. from slä but and kop also) but instead, but rather: [ki] P F conj. ki but only rarely), a wall or bank of powerful waterfalls noted for its deafening roar and deadly force (countable: [k'oR] P F n. kxor but only rarely), whitewater rapids (countab> > le: ["tsEl.tsul] P F n. tseltsul but rather, but instead: [ki] P F conj. ki butcher (in the sense of separating or processing the carcass of a dead animal): [s·Ej."to] P F vtr. seyto butchering tool: [sæ.sEj."to] P F n. säseyto (derived from seyto ‘butcher (in the sense of separating or processing the carcass of a dead animal)) butt, rear end, ass: [t'Im] P F n. txìm by chance or coincidence: [nI."sjaj.vi] P F adv. nìsyayvi (derived from syayvi luck)

bother, annoy: [sR·æt'] P F vtr. srätx bottom: ["kl.pa] P F n. kllpa " boundless, endless, without limit: ["t'Ew.lu.kE] P F adj. txewluke (c.w. from txew limit, border and luke without) bout of suffering; episode of depression: [sæ.Næ."Pæn] P F n. sängä’än (derived from ngä’än suffer mentally or emotionally) > bow (weapon): [tsko] P F n. tsko > bow and arrow: ["tsko swi."zaw] P F n. tsko swizaw (c.w. from tsko bow and swizaw arrow) boy: ["PE.vE.Nan] P F n. ’evengan (derived from ’eveng child) boy (colloquial): ["PE.van] P F n. ’evan (derived from ’evengan boy) > braid, queue: [tswin] P F n. tswin brain: ["El.tu] P F n. eltu branch (of a tree): [vul] P F n. vul branch, fork, point of divergence: [jak^] P F n. yak > brave: [tstEw] P F adj. tstew ofp. > brave, courageous: [tI."tstEw.NaP] P F adj. tìtstewnga’ (derived from tìtstew courage, bravery) nfp. (e.g. a brave deed) > bravery, courage: [tI."tstEw] P F n. tìtstew > breach, gap: ["mEk.tsEN] P F n. mektseng (c.w. from mek empty and tseng place) break, snap in two: [k'·ak'] P F vin. kxakx breastplate (armor): ["ma.sat] P F n. masat breath: ["sjE.ha] P F n. syeha breathe: ["sjE.ha s·i] P F vin. syeha si (derived from syeha breath) > breeze, light wind: [hu."fwE.tsjIp^] P F n. hufwetsyìp (derived from hufwe wind) briefly, shortly (of time): [nI."jol] P F adv. nìyol (derived from yol short (of time)) bright, vivid: ["t'a.na.tan] P F adj. txanatan (c.w. from txan much and atan light) bring: [za."m·u.N·E] P F vtr. zamunge (derived from munge bring) bring enjoyment, be pleasing or likeable: ["s·u.n·u] P F vin. sunu bring forth, reveal, uncover (literally and metaphorically): ["k·u.l·at^] P F vtr. kulat bring to a conclusion, accomplish: [ha."sEj "s·i] P F vin. hasey si (derived from hasey done, finished) bring, take: ["m·u.N·E] P F vtr. munge bringing fun, exciting: [PoP] P F adj. ’o’ 9

> by climbing: [nI."tsjIl] P F adv. nìtsyìl (derived from tsyìl climb) by drinking, in a liquid way: [nI."næk^] P F adv. nìnäk (derived from näk drink) by hiding, secretly, in hiding: [nI."wan] P F adv. nìwan (derived from wan hide) by imagination, in imagination: [nI."Ron.sREl] P F adv. nìronsrel (derived from ronsrelngop imagine) by means of, with: [fa] P F adp. fa– by reading: ["ni.nan] P F adv. ninan (derived from inan read) by swimming: [nI."slE.lE] P F adv. nìslele (derived from slele swim)

by the way, incidentally: [nI."viN.kap^] P F adv. nìvingkap (derived from vingkap occur to one, pop into one’s mind) > by whispering, in a whisper: [nI."tsI.syI] P F adv. nìtsìsyì (derived from tsìsyì whisper, v.) by whistling, in a whistling manner: [nI."fwE.fwi] P F adv. nìfwefwi (derived from fwefwi whistle) by, before, up to but not after: ["li.sRE] P F adp. lisre+ (c.w. from li already and sre+ before) by, via, following, according to: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] P F adp. ìlä+

C ’crap!’, expression of warning or frustration, > ’ah, hell!’: ["tsa."hEj] ZS intj. tsa-hey > a climb, climbing event: [sæ."tsjIl] P F n. sätsyìl (derived from tsyìl climb) a competition: [sæ."wæ.sul] P F n. säwäsul (derived from wäsul compete) > a contest: [sæ."wæ.sul.tsjIp^] P F n. säwäsultsyìp (derived from säwäsul a competition) call: [sj·aw] P F vin. syaw call to defense, alarm cry: ["Raw.kE] P F intj. rawke call, cry out, exclaim: [l·Ejm] P F vim. leym calm: [ma."wEj] CM adj. mawey calm, be content, there there: ["tam "tam] M intj. tam tam calmly, peacefully: [nIm."wEj] P F adv. nìmwey (derived from mawey calm) camera: [sjEp."REl] P F n. syeprel (c.w. from syep trap and rel image) camp: [tI."Pawm "s·i] P F vin. tì’awm si (derived from ’awm camp) camp: [Pawm] P F n. ’awm camping: [tI."Pawm] P F n. tì’awm (derived from ’awm camp) > can, be able: [ts·un] P F vim. tsun cannot be pluralised), food (collective noun: ["sju.vE] P F n. syuve canoe: [ja."nEj] P F n. yaney canoe paddle: [spul.ja."nEj] P F n. spulyaney (c.w. from spule propel and yaney canoe) cape, poncho, shawl: ["Pa.RE] P F n. ’are

captive: [spE."PE.tu] P F n. spe’etu (derived from spe’e capture) capture: [sp·E."P·E] P F vtr. spe’e capture: [tI.spE."PE] P F n. tìspe’e (derived from spe’e capture) carefully, firmly: [nIk.tuN."zup^] P F adv. nìktungzup (derived from ke tungzup not drop) lit.: ’without letting it fall’ carrier, container, vessel: [sæ."hE.na] P F n. sähena (derived from hena carry) carry: ["h·E.n·a] P F vtr. hena carved from wood, goggles, (made from insect wings, etc): ["REn.tEn] P F n. renten catch: ["st·æP.n·I] P F vtr. stä’nì cause: [o."Ejk^] P F n. oeyk cave: [slæR] P F n. slär cavity, hole, excavation with a bottom (visib> le or presumed): ["tsoN.Rop'] P F n. tsongropx (c.w. from tsong valley and ropx hole) celebrate: [ft'o."zæ s·i] P F vin. ftxozä si (derived from ftxozä celebration) celebration, happy occasion: [ft'o."zæ] P F n. ftxozä > center, place in the middle: ["k'am.tsEN] P F n. kxamtseng (c.w. from kxam middle and tseng place) ceremonial), song (ancient: [waj] P F n. way ceremonious: ["PE.o.i.o] P F adj. ’eoio ceremoniously: [nI."PE.o.i.o] P F adv. nì’eoio (derived from ’eoio ceremonious) ceremony, ritual, rite: [sæ."PE.o.i.o] P F n. sä’eoio (derived from ’eoio ceremonious)

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certain, clear: [law] P F adj. law chair, stool, bench; any tool or device to facilitate sitting: [sEjn] P F n. seyn (derived from sä’o tool and heyn sit) challenge (ceremonial): [fpE."i.o] P F n. fpeio chance, luck: ["sjaj.vi] P F n. syayvi (derived from syay fate) chance, opportunity: [sk'om] P F n. skxom change: ["l·a.t·Em] P F vin. latem (l«eyk»atem vtr. change) change (abstract concept): [tI."la.tEm] P F n. tìlatem (derived from latem change) change (instance of), edit, modification: [sæ."la.tEm] P F n. sälatem (derived from latem change) change direction, diverge, go astray: [j·ak^ s·i] P F vin. yak si (derived from yak point of divergence) chaotic, messy, disorganized, in shambles: ["vEl.ke] P F adj. velke (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and luke without) characteristic, feature, trait, attribute, point, aspect, facet, property: [sjon] P F n. syon charge: ["k'l "s·i] P F vin. kxll si (derived from " kxll charge) charge, running attack: [k'l] P F n. kxll " chase: ["f·E.w·i] P F vtr. fewi chat, converse, have a conversation: [p·æN."k'·o] P F vin. pängkxo chatter, converser: [pæN."k'o.ju] P F n. pängkxoyu (derived from pängkxo chat) check out, taste, try, sample, evaluate, testdrive: [m·ajP] P F vtrm. may’ check, examine: [st·E."ft'·aw] P F vtr. steftxaw cheek: [flawm] P F n. flawm chest: [hEJR] P F n. heyr child: ["PE.vEN] P F n. ’eveng chill out, relax: [sj·oR] P F vin. syor chilly, cool: [wuR] P F adj. wur > chin: ["tsuk.sIm] P F n. tsuksìm chip, flake, drop: ["Il.va] P F n. ìlva choice: [tI."ft'Ej] P F n. tìftxey (derived from ftxey choose) choose: [ft'·Ej] P F vtr. ftxey cinder, ash: ["t'E.pI.va] P F n. txepìva (derived from txep fire and ìlva flake) circle: ["joP.ko] P F n. yo’ko (derived from yo’ perfect and ko’on ring)

circumference, perimeter, border: ["p'aw.pa] P F n. pxawpa (c.w. from pxaw around and pa’o side) clan: [o."loP] P F n. olo’ clan leader: [o.lo."PEjk.tan] JC n. olo’eyktan (c.w. from olo’ clan and eyktan leader) clan or tribal domain, country: [t'an.lo."k'E] P F n. txanlokxe (c.w. from txan; olo’ great; tribe, clan and atxkxe land) clan, or group of avatars: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'.o.loP] P F n. uniltìrantokxolo’ (c.w. from uniltìrantokx avatar, dreamwalker body and olo’ clan) clap hands: [t·ak."syok'] P F vin. taksyokx (derived from takuk strike and tsyokx hand) class (for instruction): [nu.mul."t'a] P F n. numultxa (c.w. from nume learn and ultxa meeting) classmate, member of a class: [nu.mul."t'a.tu] P F n. numultxatu (derived from numultxa class (for instruction)) > classroom, division of a school: ["num.tsEN.vi] P F n. numtsengvi (derived from numtseng school) clause - level attributive marker: [a] P F,LN part. a > claw, nail: [tsin] P F n. tsin clean: ["la.Ro] P F adj. laro clean, make free of dirt: ["la.ro s·i] P F vin. laro si (derived from laro clean) clear (for cloudless skies), open: [pi."ak^] P F adj. piak clear, certain: [law] P F adj. law clearly: [nI."law] P F adv. nìlaw (derived from law clear) clever, smart (thing): [sIl."Ron.sEm] P F adj. sìlronsem (c.w. from sìltsan good and ronsem mind) clever/special methodology, trick, sleight of > hand: ["iN.jEn.tsjIp^] P F n. ingyentsyìp (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery) cliff: [Pawk'] P F n. ’awkx > climb, scale (pulling entire body up): [tsj·Il] P F vtr. tsyìl > climbing event, a climb: [sæ."tsjIl] P F n. sätsyìl (derived from tsyìl climb) > close: ["tstu "s·i] P F vin. tstu si (derived from tstu closed) close to: [l·ok^] P F adp. lok–

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closed shape roughly circular, ring, oval: ["ko.Pon] P F n. ko’on (derived from koum rounded, curved and ’on shape) closed, shut, overcast (for cloudy skies): > [tstu] P F adj. tstu cloth; a piece of cloth woven on a loom: [sRæ] P F n. srä cloud: [pI."wop'] P F n. pìwopx cloudy: [lEp."wop'] P F adj. lepwopx (derived from pìwopx cloud) club (weapon): [t'Ewk^] P F n. txewk clump, set, group, pile, stand: ["sna.Po] P F n. sna’o nfp. coarse, vulgar, socially unacceptable: [ræp."tum] P F adj. räptum cold: [wEw] P F adj. wew cold, coldness: [tI."wEw] P F n. tìwew (derived from wew cold) coldness, cold: [tI."wEw] P F n. tìwew (derived from wew cold) collar / choker: [Pa."liP.æ] P F n. ’ali’ä colleague: ["lER.tu] P F n. lertu collect, gather: ["st·aR.s·Im] P F vtr. starsìm collection (put together intentionally by a person): [sæ."staR.sIm] P F n. sästarsìm (derived from starsìm gather, collect) color: ["Po.pin] P F n. ’opin colorful, multicolored, variegated: ["p'aj.o.pin] P F adj. pxayopin (c.w. from pxay many and ’opin color) comb, brush: [sl·aJk^] P F vtr. slayk come: ["z·a.P·u] P F vin. za’u come down, descend: [kl."z·a.P·u] P F vin. kll" za’u (c.w. from kllte ground and za’u come) come into view, appear, materialize: [sR·ER] P F vin. srer come out, emerge: [wr."z·a.Pu] P F vin. wrrza’u " outside and za’u come) (derived from wrrpa come to the senses as, resemble in a sensory modality: [fk·an] P F vin. fkan come up, ascend: [fæ."z·a.P·u] P F vin. fäza’u (c.w. from fäpa top and za’u come) comfort: ["ho.an] P F n. hoan comfortable: [lE."ho.an] P F adj. lehoan (derived from hoan comfort) > comfortable, mild, moderate: ["tsja.fE] P F adj. tsyafe comfortably: [nI."ho.an] P F adv. nìhoan (derived from hoan comfort)

command, order, assign a task: [k'·Im] P F vtr. kxìm commander, one with authority over another: ["k'Im.ju] P F n. kxìmyu (derived from kxìm command, order, assign tasks) commanding, ordering, assigning tasks: [tI."k'Im] P F n. tìkxìm (derived from kxìm command, order, assign tasks) commands only), do not (for negative imperatives: [Ræ."Pæ] P F part. rä’ä comment: [sæ.pl."t'E.vi] P F n. säplltxevi (deri" ved from säplltxe statement) communal: [jl] P F adj. yll " communal fire or fire pit: ["jl.t'Ep^] P F n. yll" and txep fire) txep (c.w. from yll communal communally, in a communal manner: [nI."jl] " P F adv. nìyll (derived from yll communal) commune: [ti."RE.a.p·æN.k'·o] P F v. tireapängkxo (c.w. from tirea spirit and pängkxo chat) compete: ["wæ.s·ul] P F vin. wäsul competition: [tI."wæ.sul] P F n. tìwäsul (derived from wäsul compete) complement, fit, suit, inherently enhance: [h·aP] P F vin. ha’ complete: [Pæn."sjEm] P F adj. ’änsyem completely, all (of), in toto: [nI."wot'] P F adv. nìwotx (derived from wotx totality, whole) complex: [Ep."PaN] P F adj. ep’ang > composer, music creator: [pam.tsE.o."Nop.ju] P F n. pamtseongopyu (c.w. from pamtseo music and ngopyu creator) eg. James Horner computer: ["El.tu lE."fNap^] P rr n. eltu lefngap (c.w. from eltu brain and lefngap metallic) concede defeat, give up, surrender: ["v·E.l·Ek^] P F vin. velek concentrate, focus one’s attention: ["k·an.fp·Il] P F vin. kanfpìl (c.w. from kan aim and fpìl think) concerning language, regarding language: [lE."lIP.fja] P F adj. lelì’fya (derived from lì’fya language) concerning, about: [tE."Ri] P F adp. teri– conclude, end: ["P·iP.·a] P F vin. ’i’a conclusion, ending: [tI."PiP.a] P F n. tì’i’a (derived from ’i’a end) condition, state, situation: [tI."fkEj.tok^] P F n. tìfkeytok (derived from fkeytok exist)

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> conference, large gathering: [tsawl.ul."t'a] P F n. tsawlultxa (c.w. from tsawl big and ultxa meeting) confident, strong (emotionally, spiritually, not physical): [sEj."k'El] P F adj. seykxel confident, sure: [am."Pa.kE] P F adj. am’ake (c.w. from am’a doubt and ke not) confidently: [nam."Pa.kE] P F adv. nam’ake (derived from am’ake confident) confirm, validate: [ka."Naj s·i] P F vin. kangay si (derived from kangay valid) confusing: [ja."jajR.NaP] P F adj. yayayrnga’ (derived from yayayr confusion) confusion: [ja."jajR] P F n. yayayr connect, relate to, have a relationship with: ["t·a.R·E] P F vtr. tare connection, relationship: [sæ."ta.RE] P F n. sätare (derived from tare connect, relate to) conquer, defeat in battle: [l·æ."t'·ajn] P F vtr. lätxayn > considerate, kind, thoughtful: ["tstun.wi] P F adj. tstunwi constellation: [sna.tan."hI] P F n. snatanhì (c.w. from sna’o clump and tanhì star) lit.: ’a clump of stars’ constititution; basic nature of something resulting from the totality of its properties; often best translated as personality, intrinsic character or nature, essence: [Ran] P F n. ran constrict, tighten: [sn·Ew] P F vtr. snew construct, build: ["t'·u.l·a] P F vtr. txula constructed device for keeping something off the ground and clean: [fjan] P F n. fyan constructed thing, construction: [tI."t'u.la] P F n. tìtxula (derived from txula build) construction, constructed thing: [tI."t'u.la] P F n. tìtxula (derived from txula build) consume, burn: [n·Ek'] P F vtr. nekx contain: [NaP] P F vtr. nga’ container, vessel, carrier: [sæ."hE.na] P F n. sähena (derived from hena carry) content, satisfied, satiated, full: [jE] P F adj. ye continually: [nI."tut^] P F adv. nìtut (derived from tut continuation marker) continuation marker: [tut^] P F part. tut continuously, incessantly, without stopping: [nIl.kE."ftaN] P F adv. nìlkeftang (c.w. from luke without and ftang stop)

conundrum, mystery, riddle, enigma: > ["iN.jEn.tsim] P F n. ingyentsim (c.w. from ingyen feeling of mystery and tsim source) convenient, usable without much expenditure of effort: [nik^] P F adj. nik conversation, discussion: [tI.pæN."k'o] P F n. tìpängkxo (derived from pängkxo chat) converse, chat, have a conversation: [p·æN."k'·o] P F vin. pängkxo conversely, on the contrary: [nI."wæ] P F adv. nìwä converser, chatter: [pæN."k'o.ju] P F n. pängkxoyu (derived from pängkxo chat) cook: [P·Em] P F vtr. ’em cook, cooker: ["PEm.ju] P F n. ’emyu (derived from ’em cook) cooker, cook: ["PEm.ju] P F n. ’emyu (derived from ’em cook) cooking pot: ["hu.Ru] P F n. huru cool, chilly: [wuR] P F adj. wur cord: [tE."lEm] P F n. telem correct path, right way (of doing something): [e."jawR.fya] P F n. eyawrfya (derived from eyawr correct, right and fya’o path, way, manner) correct, right: [E."jawR] P F adj. eyawr correctly, rightly: [nI."jawR] P F adv. nìyawr (derived from eyawr correct, right) correctness: [tI."jawR] P F n. tìyawr (derived from eyawr correct) count: ["t·i.·am] P F vtr. tiam country, clan or tribal domain: [t'an.lo."k'E] P F n. txanlokxe (c.w. from txan; olo’ great; tribe, clan and atxkxe land) > courage, bravery: [tI."tstEw] P F n. tìtstew > courageous, brave: [tI."tstEw.NaP] P F adj. tìtstewnga’ (derived from tìtstew courage, bravery) nfp. (e.g. a brave deed) course (as a collection of classes): [sna.nu.mul."t'a] P F n. snanumultxa (derived from numultxa class (for instruction)) course, direction: [sa."lEw.fja] P F n. salewfya (derived from salew proceed and fya’o path) cover: ["lEw "s·i] P F vin. lew si (derived from lew cover) cover up, obfuscation: [tI."wan] P F n. tìwan (derived from wan hide) cover, lid: [lEw] P F n. lew covering thoroughly, across: [ka] P F adp. ka–

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coward: [fna."wEP.tu] P F n. fnawe’tu (derived from fnawe’ cowardly) cowardly: [fna."wEP] P F adj. fnawe’ craft, master of an art, or skill, expert: > [tsul."fæ.tu] P F n. tsulfätu (derived from tsulfä mastery) crazy, insane: [lEk."jE.PuN] P F adj. lekye’ung (derived from keye’ung insanity) create: [N·op^] P F vtr. ngop creation: [sæ."Nop^] P F n. sängop (derived from ngop create) creator: ["Nop.ju] P F n. ngopyu (derived from ngop create) creature: [swi."Ræ] P F n. swirä cross: [Em."k·æ] P F vtr. emkä (derived from emza’u pass, overcome and kä go) > crossbow: ["tska.lEp^] P F n. tskalep crush, trample: [sR·uP] P F vtr. sru’ cry out, call, exclaim: [l·Ejm] P F vim. leym > cry, weep: ["tsN·aw.v·Ik^] P F vin. tsngawvìk cultural: [lE."REj.fja] P F adj. lereyfya (derived from reyfya way of living)

culture, way of living: ["REj.fja] P F n. reyfya (c.w. from rey live and fya’o path, way) > cup: [tsNal] P F n. tsngal cup or bowl minimally modified from naturally occuring resources: [sEj] P F n. sey curiosity: [tI."no.mum] P F n. tìnomum (derived from newomum be curious) curious: [lE."no.mum] P F adj. lenomum (derived from newomum be curious) current: [lE."fkr] P F adj. lefkrr (derived from " fìkrr this time) currently, lately: [nI."fkr] P F adv. nìfkrr (deri" ved from fìkrr this time) curved, rounded: ["ko.um] P F adj. koum cut: [m·un."P·i] P F v. mun’i cut into parts, divide: [p'I.m·un.P"·i] P F vtr. pxìmun’i (c.w. from hapxì part and mun’i cut) > cut, bruise, minor wound: ["sk'iR.tsjIp^] P F n. skxirtsyìp (derived from skxir wound) cute, endearing, adorable: ["ho.na] P F adj. hona cuteness, adorableness: [tI."ho.na] P F n. tìhona (derived from hona endearing)

D ’damn!’, expression of warning or frustration: ["wi.ja] ZS intj. wiya daddy: ["sEm.pu] P F n. sempu (affectionate form of sempul father) daily: [lE."tr] RL adj. letrr (derived from trr day) " daily, every day: [fRa."tr] P F adv. fratrr (deri" ved from trr day) damp, moist, humid: ["paj.NaP] P F adj. paynga’ (derived from pay water and nga’ contain) dance: [sR·Ew] P F vin. srew danger: ["hr.ap^] P F n. hrrap " dangerous: [lE."hr.ap^] P F adj. lehrrap (derived " from hrrap danger) dank (non-animal decay), smell of decaying wood and leaves: [NEt^] P F adj. nget dark: [vawm] P F adj. vawm dark color: ["vawm.pin] P F n. vawmpin (derived from vawm dark) darkness: [tI."vawm] P F n. tìvawm (derived from vawm dark) daughter: ["Pi.tE] JC,P F n. ’ite

dawn after sunrise: [tr."PoN.maw] P F n. trr’ongmaw (c.w. from " trr’ong dawn and maw after) dawn, sunrise: [tr."PoN] P F n. trr’ong (c.w. from trr day and" ’ong unfold) day: [tr] P F n. trr " day time smoking pleasure, vibrating tongue (Na’vi idiom): [pr.k'En.tr.kr] Skxawng n. prr" prrte’ " "pleasurable, kxekxentrrkrr (c.w. from ner smoke, trr day and krr time) dead: ["kE.Ru.sEj] P F adj. kerusey (c.w. from ke not and r«us»ey alive (participle infix)) deaf: [kak."pam] P F adj. kakpam (derived from pam sound) deafness: [tI.kak."pam] P F n. tìkakpam (derived from kakpam deaf ) > dear or cute little fire: ["t'Ep.tsjIp^] P F n. txeptsyìp (derived from txep fire) death: [k'it'] P F n. kxitx death (in abstract sense): [tI."tER.kup^] P F n. tìterkup (derived from terkup die)“Death is inevitable."

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decay, rot, degrade over time: [sn·æm] P F vin. snäm decide: ["p·E.P·un] P F vtr. pe’un decision: [tI."pE.Pun] P F n. tìpe’un (derived from pe’un decide) decrease: [n·æn] P F vin. nän decreasingly, less and less: [nI."næn.æn] P F adv. nìnänän (derived from nän decrease) deed, thing (action): [kEm] P F n. kem deep (physically): [t'uk'] P F adj. txukx defeat in battle, conquer: [l·æ."t'·ajn] P F vtr. lätxayn defeat, an instance of defeat: [sæ.læ."t'ajn] P F n. sälätxayn (derived from lätxayn defeat) defend, save: [z·oN] P F vtr. zong deformity, blemish, stain, flawed feature: ["fEP.Ran.vi] P F n. fe’ranvi (derived from fe’ran flawed nature, inherently defective) degrade over time, rot, decay: [sn·æm] P F vin. snäm degree of complexity: [fjin.Ep."PaN] P F n. fyinep’ang (c.w. from fyin simple and ep’ang complex) degree of tightness, looseness: [PE."k'i.num] P F n. ’ekxinum (c.w. from ’ekxin tight and um loose) deliberately, purposefully: [nIt."kan] P F adv. nìtkan (derived from tìkan aim, goal, purpose) delicate, fragile: [su."sjaN] P F adj. susyang delicious, good tasting: [ft'I."loR] P F adj. ftxìlor (c.w. from ftxì tongue and lor beautiful) demand, require: [fN·oP] P F vtr. fngo’ demand, requirement: [sæ."fNoP] P F n. säfngo’ (derived from fngo’ require) demon: ["vr.tEp^] P F n. vrrtep " depart, leave: [h·um] P F vin. hum depend on, rely on, trust for protection: [m·oN] P F vtr. mong deputy, general, one step down from leader: [Ejk.ta."naj] JC,P F n. eyktanay (derived from eyktan leader) descend, come down: [kl."z·a.P·u] P F vin. kll" za’u (c.w. from kllte ground and za’u come) descend, go down: [kl."k·æ] P F vin. kllkä (c.w. " kä go) from kllpa bottom and > describe: ["sl·aP.ts·u] P F vtr. sla’tsu > description: [tI."slaP.tsu] P F n. tìsla’tsu (derived from sla’tsu describe)

design: ["Po.N·op^] P F vtr. ’ongop (c.w. from ’on shape, form and ngop create) design (a particular instance of designing): [sæ."rE.Nop^] P F n. särengop (derived from rengop design) design (finer detail): ["rE.N·op^] P F vtr. rengop (c.w. from renu pattern and ngop create) design (the act or art of designing: [tI."rE.Nop^] P F n. tìrengop (derived from rengop design) designer: ["Po.Nop.ju] P F n. ’ongopyu (derived from ’ongop design) desire: [tI."nEw] P F n. tìnew (derived from new want) destroy: [sk·a."P·a] P F vtr. ska’a destruction: [tI.ska."Pa] P F n. tìska’a (derived from ska’a destroy) detail-orientated (of a person), thorough: [lE."no] P F adj. leno detailed, fine, precise, intricate (of things): [hI."no] P F adj. hìno dictionary: ["lI.Pu.puk^] P F n. lì’upuk (c.w. from lì’u word and puk book (English loan word)) die: ["t·ER.k·up^] P F vin. terkup difference: [tI."kE.tEN] P F n. tìketeng (c.w. from ke not and teng same) different: ["kE.tEN] P F adj. keteng (c.w. from ke not and teng same, equal) difficult, hard: ["Næ.zIk^] P F adj. ngäzìk difficulty, problem: [tI."Næ.zIk^] P F n. tìngäzìk (derived from ngäzìk difficult) dig up: [kl."k·u.l·at^] P F vtr. kllkulat " dim: ["snu.mI.na] CP adj. snumìna ofp. (refers to a ’dim’ person) > > dimple: ["tsoN.tsjIp] P F n. tsongtsyìp (derived from tsong valley) > dinner, served meal: ["wu.tso] P F n. wutso dip into liquid: [jEm."fpaj "s·i] P F vin. yemfpay si (derived from yemfpay dipping) dipping, immersion (into liquid): [jEm."fpaj] P F n. yemfpay (c.w. from yem put and pay water) direction, course: [sa."lEw.fja] P F n. salewfya (derived from salew proceed and fya’o path) directly, straight to the point: [nI."jEj] P F adv. nìyey (derived from yey straight) > dirty: [tsEwt'] P F adj. tsewtx disadvantage, drawback, downside: ["fE.kum] P F n. fekum (c.w. from fe’ bad and kum result)

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disadvantageous: ["fE.kum.NaP] P F adj. fekumnga’ (derived from fekum disadvantage, drawback, downside) disagreeable, argumentative (of an agent): [lE.wæ."tE] P F adj. lewäte (derived from wäte argue) disagreeably, begrudgingly: [nI.wæ."tE] P F adv. nìwäte (derived from wäte argue) disappear, vanish, recede from view: [P·Ip] P F vin. ’ìp disappointing: [lE."jEw.la] P F adj. leyewla (derived from yewla disappointment) disappointment, emotional let-down, failed expectation: ["jEw.la] P F n. yewla discourse on, talk about, say something concerning: [l·awk^] P F vtr. lawk discover, find: [R·un] P F vtr. run discussion, conversation: [tI.pæN."k'o] P F n. tìpängkxo (derived from pängkxo chat) disease, sickness, illness: [sæ."sp'in] P F n. säspxin (derived from spxin sick) disorganized, chaotic, messy, in shambles: ["vEl.ke] P F adj. velke (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and luke without) disparagement: [pak^] P F part. pak display an attitude towards, treat (emotionally): [z·Et^] P F vtr. zet dispute, argue: [wæ."t·E] P F vtr. wäte dispute, argument: [tI.wæ."tE] P F n. tìwäte (derived from wäte argue) distinct, special: [zEj] P F adj. zey dive, duck: [t·awN] P F vin. tawng diverge, change direction, go astray: [j·ak^ s·i] P F vin. yak si (derived from yak point of divergence) divide, cut into parts: [p'I.m·un.P"·i] P F vtr. pxìmun’i (c.w. from hapxì part and mun’i cut) divided, torn apart, strife-ridden: [kE."Paw] P F adj. ke’aw (c.w. from ke not and ’aw one) > division of a school, classroom: ["num.tsEN.vi] P F n. numtsengvi (derived from numtseng school) do: ["kEm "s·i] P F vin. kem si (derived from kem action, deed) do again, repeat: [l·Ejn] P F vtr. leyn do great deeds: [sæ."Ro.Pa s·i] P F vin. säro’a si (derived from säro’a great deed) do mischief, be naughty: ["sti.wi s·i] P F vin. stiwi si (derived from stiwi mischief )

do not (for negative imperatives, commands only): [Ræ."Pæ] P F part. rä’ä do wrong, mess up, foul: [tI."k'Ej "s·i] P F vin. tìkxey si (derived from tìkxey incorrectness) dodgy, sneaky (of a person): [lEt."wan] P F adj. letwan (derived from tute person and wan hide) don, put on (clothing): ["j·Em.stok'] P F vtr. yemstokx (c.w. from yem sìn put on and tokx body) done, finished: [ha."sEj] P F adj. hasey doorway, entrance: [rawN] P F n. rawng doubt: [am."Pa] P F n. am’a down (direction): [nE."kl] P F adv. nekll " downside, disadvantage, drawback: ["fE.kum] P F n. fekum (c.w. from fe’ bad and kum result) drab, grey: [Nul] P F adj. ngul draw, illustrate: [w·Ejn] P F vtr. weyn drawback, disadvantage, downside: ["fE.kum] P F n. fekum (c.w. from fe’ bad and kum result) dream: ["u.nil] JC n. unil dream: ["u.nil s·i] P F vin. unil si (derived from unil dream) > dream about, dream of: ["u.nIl.ts·a] P F vtr. uniltsa (derived from unil dream and tse’a see) > dream of, dream about: ["u.nIl.ts·a] P F vtr. uniltsa (derived from unil dream and tse’a see) dreamwalker: [u.nil.tI."Ran.ju] P F n. uniltìranyu (c.w. from unil dream and tìranyu walker) dreamwalker body, avatar: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'] JC,P F n. uniltìrantokx (c.w. from uniltìranyu dreamwalker and tokx body) drink: [n·æk^] P F vtr. näk drink, something able to be drunk: [na."ER] P F n. naer drinking gourd: [PE."Pin.SEj] P F n. ’e’insey (c.w. from ’e’in gourd and sey cup or bowl minimally modified from naturally occurring resources) drinking vessel made of shell: ["sum.sEj] P F n. sumsey (c.w. from sum shell and sey cup or bowl minimally modified from naturally occurring resources) drive out: [k·u."R·ak'] P F vtr. kurakx

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drizzle: [tom.pa."mEjp^] P F n. tompameyp (derived from tompa rain and meyp weak) drop: [t·uN."z·up^] P F vtr. tungzup (c.w. from tung allow and zup fall) drop of water: ["paj.I.va] P F n. payìva (derived from pay water and ìlva drop) drop, flake, chip: ["Il.va] P F n. ìlva drought: ["tom.pa,kel] P F n. tompakel (derived from tompa rain) drum (made of skin): ["a.u] JC n. au dry: [u."k'o] P F adj. ukxo dry land: [REjm] P F n. reym duck, dive: [t·awN] P F vin. tawng due to, because of: [ta."lun] P F adp. talun– dull (as a blade): ["tE.tE] P F adj. tete dull, blunt (as a point): [fwEm] P F adj. fwem

during: ["kr.ka] P F adp. krrka– (derived from krr time)" dusk, evening before sunset: [sRE.ton."PoN] P F n. sreton’ong (c.w. from sre before and txon’ong night-fall) dusk, night-fall, sunset, gloaming: [t'on."PoN] P F,P rr n. txon’ong (c.w. from txon night and ’ong unfold) dust (in the air): [fwop'] P F n. fwopx (derived from fwep dust and pìwopx cloud) dust (on a surface): [fwEp^] P F n. fwep > dutifully, as an obligation: [nI."tson] P F adv. nìtson (derived from tson duty, obligation) duty, obligation, imposed requirement: > [tson] P F n. tson dwell, live: ["kEl.ku "s·i] P F vin. kelku si (derived from kelku home)

E ’et cetera’: [saj."la.hE] P F adv. saylahe (derived from sì alahe and others) (contraction) > each other: [fI."tsap^] P F adv. fìtsap (c.w. from fìpo this one and tsapo that one) each time, every time, every instance: ["fRa.lo] P F adv. fralo (derived from alo time) ear: ["mik.jun] JC n. mikyun early: [lE."jEP.kr] P F adj. leye’krr (derived from ye’krr early)" early: ["jEP.kr] P F adv. ye’krr (derived from ye’rìn soon" and krr time) early afternoon, the time immediately after noon: ["k'am.tr.maw] P F n. kxamtrrmaw (c.w. from kxamtrr" noon and maw after) > earring: ["mik.tsaN] P F n. miktsang (c.w. from mikyun ear and tsang piercing) earthquake: [kl."rik'] P F n. kllrikx (c.w. from kllte ground "and rikx move) easily: [nI."ftu.E] P F adv. nìftue (derived from ftue easy) easy, simple: ["ftu.E] P F adj. ftue eat: [j·om] P F vtr. yom eating (the act): [tI.ju."som] P F n. tìyusom (derived from yom eat) echo: [Nam] P F n. ngam edge, brink, limit, border, end: [t'Ew] P F n. txew > edible: [tsuk."jom] P F adj. tsukyom (derived from yom eat)

edit, change (instance of), modification: [sæ."la.tEm] P F n. sälatem (derived from latem change) egg: ["lo.i] P F n. loi eight: [vol] P F num. vol eighth (ordinal): ["vol.vE] P F adj. volve (derived from vol eight) ejective consonant: ["p'oR.pam] P F n. pxorpam (c.w. from pxor explode and pam sound) elbow: ["p'un.til] P F n. pxuntil (c.w. from pxun arm and til joint) elegance, grace: ["lo.Ran] P F n. loran (c.w. from lor beautiful and ran intrinsic character or nature) elevated utilitarian surface, table: ["fjan.jo] P F n. fyanyo (c.w. from fyan constructed device for keeping something off the ground and clean and yo surface) Note: colloquially, yo can be used in place of fyanyo. else, other: ["la.hE] P F adj. lahe embrace, hug: [sæm."yam] P F n. sämyam (derived from meyam hug) embrace, hug, hold in one’s arms: [m·E."y·am] P F vtr. meyam emerge, come out: [wr."z·a.Pu] P F vin. wrrza’u " outside and za’u come) (derived from wrrpa emotional let-down, disappointment, failed expectation: ["jEw.la] P F n. yewla

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empty, or metaphorically: having no value: [mEk^] P F adj. mek enclosed open area, space, hollow: [mo] P F n. mo encounter, meet by chance (ii): [ul."t'a.R·un] P F vtr. ultxarun (c.w. from ultxa meeting and run find) end, conclude: ["P·iP.·a] P F vin. ’i’a end, edge, brink, limit, border: [t'Ew] P F n. txew endearing, adorable, cute: ["ho.na] P F adj. hona endearingly, sweetly: [nI."ho.na] P F adv. nìhona (derived from hona endearing) ending, conclusion: [tI."PiP.a] P F n. tì’i’a (derived from ’i’a end) endless, boundless, without limit: ["t'Ew.lu.kE] P F adj. txewluke (c.w. from txew limit, border and luke without) enemy: ["k'u.tu] P F n. kxutu (derived from kxu harm) energetic, active: ["wa.lak^] P F adj. walak energy (physical or spiritual): [sju."Ra] P F n. syura enigma, mystery, riddle, conundrum: > ["iN.jEn.tsim] P F n. ingyentsim (c.w. from ingyen feeling of mystery and tsim source) enigmatic, mysterious, puzzling: ["iN.jE.NaP] P F adj. ingyenga’ (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery) enjoyable (physically, pleasing, sexually): [mo."wan] P F adj. mowan enjoyably, in a manner which is enjoyable: [nI."PoP] P F adv. nì’o’ (derived from ’o’ exciting) enough: [nI."tam] P F adv. nìtam (derived from tam suffice) enter: ["fp'·æ.k·Im] P F vin. fpxäkìm enthusiasm, having a good attitude: [tI."soP.ha] P F n. tìso’ha (derived from so’ha be enthusiastic about) enthusiastic, keen: [lE."soP.ha] P F adj. leso’ha (derived from so’ha be enthusiastic about) ofp. enthusiastically: [nI."soP.ha] P F adv. nìso’ha (derived from so’ha be enthusiastic about) entrance, doorway: [rawN] P F n. rawng enviously, jealously: [nI."fmok'] P F adv. nìfmokx (derived from fmokx jealousy)

environment: ["p'aw.Nip^] P F n. pxawngip (c.w. from pxaw around and ngip space) envy, jealousy: [fmok'] P F n. fmokx equal, same: [tEN] P F adj. teng equally, on the same level: [nI."PEN] P F adv. nì’eng (derived from ’engeng level) er, um: [I:] P F intj. ìì erect, upright: [p'im] P F adj. pxim erectly, rightly: [nI."p'im] P F adv. nìpxim (derived from pxim erect, upright) errand, task, step (in an instruction): ["tIn.vi] P F n. tìnvi error, mistake: ["k'E.jEj] P F n. kxeyey escape, flee: ["h·i.fw·o] P F vin. hifwo especially, pointedly, unambiguously: [nI."p'i] P F adv. nìpxi (derived from pxi sharp) essence, intrinsic character or nature, constititution; basic nature of something resulting from the totality of its properties; often best translated as personality: [Ran] P F n. ran establish a neural connection, bond with: > [tsa."hEjl "s·i] P F vin. tsaheyl si (derived from tsaheylu bond) etc), goggles, (made from insect wings, carved from wood: ["REn.tEn] P F n. renten Eureka! I found it! I understand!: [to."lEl] P F intj. tolel (synonym: tslolam) Eureka! I’ve found it!: [Ro."lun] P F intj. rolun evaluate, taste, try, sample, check out, testdrive: [m·ajP] P F vtrm. may’ > even so, nevertheless: [tsal.su."Naj] P F adv. tsalsungay even, so much as: [kEN] P F adv. keng evening (before twilight), late afternoon: [kajm] P F n. kaym evening before sunset, dusk: [sRE.ton."PoN] P F n. sreton’ong (c.w. from sre before and txon’ong night-fall) event, happening: [tI."lEn] P rr n. tìlen (derived from len happen) every day, daily: [fRa."tr] P F adv. fratrr (deri" ved from trr day) every instance, every time, each time: ["fRa.lo] P F adv. fralo (derived from alo time) every night: [fRa."t'on] P F adv. fratxon (derived from txon night)

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every time, every instance, each time: ["fRa.lo] P F adv. fralo (derived from alo time) everyone: ["fRa.po] P F pn. frapo (derived from po he/she) everything: ["fRa.Pu] P F pn. fra’u (derived from ’u thing) everything is fine or OK, all is well: [fRaw."zo] P F intj. frawzo (derived from fra’u everything and zo be well) > everywhere: ["fRa.tsEN] P F adv. fratseng (derived from tseng place) evil: [tI."kawN] P F n. tìkawng (derived from kawng bad) evil, bad: [kawN] P F adj. kawng examination: [tI.stE."ft'aw] P F n. tìsteftxaw (derived from steftxaw examine) examine, check: [st·E."ft'·aw] P F vtr. steftxaw example: [tI."kE.noN] P F n. tìkenong (derived from kenong model) excavation with a bottom (visible or presu> med), hole, cavity: ["tsoN.Rop'] P F n. tsongropx (c.w. from tsong valley and ropx hole) exceedingly great, greatest of all: [tu."vom] P F adj. tuvom > excellent: ["t'an.tsan] P F adj. txantsan except: [muN."wr] P F adp. mungwrr– " exception: [tI.muN."wr ] P F n. tìmungwrr (deri" ved from mungwrr except) excessive: [lE."hawN] P F adj. lehawng (derived from hawng overabundance) excessively, too: [nI."hawN] P F adv. nìhawng (derived from hawng overabundance) excitement, fun: [tI."PoP] P F n. tì’o’ (derived from ’o’ exciting) exciting, bringing fun: [PoP] P F adj. ’o’ exclaim, call, cry out: [l·Ejm] P F vim. leym exclamation of consternation: [a."u] LA intj. au exclamation upon exertion, urgh: [sa."u] LA intj. sau excuse me: [hI."t'o.a] P F intj. hìtxoa (derived from hì’i small and txoa forgiveness) exemplify (ii), model, represent: ["k·E.n·oN] or ["kE.n·oN] P F vin. kenong (c.w. from ke not

and nong follow) > exercise, train: ["tsk'E.kEN "s·i] P F vin. tskxekeng si (derived from tskxekeng training) > exercise, training: ["tsk'E.kEN] P F n. tskxekeng exist: ["fkEj.t·ok^] P F vin. fkeytok (derived from kifkeyti tok be in the world) existing at or from the start, original, first in a series: [lE."sNæ.Pi] P F adj. lesngä’i (derived from sngä’i begin) expansive, vast, broad: ["ho.Et^] P F adj. hoet expansively, in detail, thoroughly: [nI."no] P F adv. nìno expect: [sRE."f·Ej] P F vtr., vin. srefey (c.w. from sre+ before and pey wait) experience: ["li.E] P F n. lie expert, master of an art, craft, or skill: > [tsul."fæ.tu] P F n. tsulfätu (derived from tsulfä mastery) explain (why) (ii): [o."Ejk.t·IN] P F vtr. oeyktìng (c.w. from oeyk cause and tìng give) explanation: [tI."o.Ejk.tIN] P F n. tìoeyktìng (derived from «eyk» cause (root)) (Pronounced [tI."wEjk.tIN] in casual speech) explode: [p'·oR] P F vin. pxor exploit: ["kawN.s·aR] P F vtr. kawngsar exploration: [tI."laN] P F n. tìlang (derived from lang investigate, explore) explore, investigate: [l·aN] P F vtr. lang expression of surprise and pleasure, wow: ["tEw.ti] P F intj. tewti expression of warning or frustration, ’crap!’, > ’ah, hell!’: ["tsa."hEj] ZS intj. tsa-hey expression of warning or frustration, ’damn!’: ["wi.ja] ZS intj. wiya expression, bit of language: ["lIP.fja.vi] P F n. lì’fyavi (derived from lì’fya language) exquisite, sublime in style: ["fJo.lup^] P F adj. fyolup (c.w. from fyole sublime and lupra style) eye: ["na.Ri] P F n. nari eyes (two): [mE."na.Ri] P F n. menari (derived from me+ dual and nari eye)

F (for food), plate: ["jom.jo] P F n. yomyo (c.w. a few, several: ["Pa.Paw] P F adj. ’a’aw (Used from yom eat and yo table, elevated utilitawith countable nouns in the singular form) rian surface (colloquial form of fyanyo)) face: [kEj] P F n. key 19

face lead, rein: [sæ."zæ.RIp^] RL,P F n. säzärìp (derived from za’ärìp pull) facet, feature, trait, attribute, characteristic, point, aspect, property: [sjon] P F n. syon facial expression: ["kEy.REl] P F n. keyrel (c.w. from key face and rel image) facial stripe: [pil] P F n. pil fact, thing (object, abstraction): [Pu] P F n. ’u fail, falter, go astray, not obtain expected or desired result: ["n·u.·i] P F vin. nui failed expectation, disappointment, emotional let-down: ["jEw.la] P F n. yewla failingly, falteringly, in vain, fruitlessly, not achieving the desired or expected end: [nI."nu] P F adv. nìnu (derived from nui fail, falter) failure (abstract concept): [tI."nu.i] P F n. tìnui (derived from nui fail, falter) failure (particular instance of failure): [sæ."nu.i] P F n. sänui (derived from nui fail, falter) fair, proper, right, justified: [mu."i.æ] P F adj. muiä fairness, justice: [tIm."wi.æ] P F n. tìmwiä (derived from muiä proper, fair, right, justified) faithfully, firmly, steadfastly: [nIk.lo."nu] P F adv. nìklonu (derived from ke lonu not let go) lit.: ’without releasing it’ fall: [z·up^] P F vin. zup > false: [tslEN] P F adj. tsleng falter, fail, go astray, not obtain expected or desired result: ["n·u.·i] P F vin. nui falteringly, failingly, in vain, fruitlessly, not achieving the desired or expected end: [nI."nu] P F adv. nìnu (derived from nui fail, falter) family hammock: ["swaj,ni,vi] P F n. swaynivi (c.w. from soaia family and nivi sleeping hammock) Note: soaia contracts to sway famine: ["sju.vE.kEl] P F n. syuvekel (derived from syuve food) fantastic, wonderful, terrific: [ko."sman] P F adj. kosman far away, at a distance: [a."lIm] P F adv. alìm (derived from lìm far, be far) fast: [win] P F adj. win fast, quickly: [nI."win] P F adv. nìwin (derived from win fast) fasten, tie down: [j·æn] P F vtr. yän

fat (substance in meat): ["sJE.wE] P F n. syewe fate: [sjaj] P F n. syay father: ["sEm.pul] P F n. sempul fatty: ["sJE.wE.NaP] P F adj. syewenga’ (c.w. from syewe fat (substance in meat) and nga’ contain) favorable, auspicious: ["Et.RIp^] P F adj. etrìp fear: ["t'o.pu] P F n. txopu feat, accomplishment, great deed: [sæ."Ro.Pa] P F n. säro’a feature, trait, attribute, characteristic, point, aspect, facet, property: [sjon] P F n. syon feed (with dative object) (ii): ["jom.t·IN] P F vin. yomtìng (c.w. from yom eat and tìng give) feel (not intentionally): [z·Im] P F vtr. zìm feel, sense, perceive: ["P·E.f·u] P F vtr. ’efu feel, touch, texture: [ziR] P F n. zir feeling: [tI."PE.fu] P F n. tì’efu (derived from ’efu feel) feeling of mystery or incomprehension: ["iN.jEn] P F n. ingyen feeling of pride, pride: ["nr.a] P F n. nrra " feeling quenched, satisfied from thirst by drink, slaked: ["jE.væN] P F adj. yeväng (derived from ye satisfied and väng thirsty) female (person): [tu."tE] P F n. tuté (derived from tute person) female spouse, wife: [mun."t'a.tE] P F n. muntxate (derived from muntxatu spouse) fern: [I."p'a] RL,P F n. ìpxa few: [hol] P F adj. hol few, not many: [nI."hol] P F adv. nìhol (derived from hol few) field, open terrain, plain: ["t'a.jo] P F n. txayo fifth (ordinal): ["mr.vE] P F adj. mrrve (derived from mrr five) " fight: [w·Em] P F vin. wem fighting: [tI.wu."sEm] P F n. tìwusem (derived from wem fight) fill (with dative of thing filled): [tE."ja "s·i] P F vin. teya si (derived from teya full) film, movie, video: ["rEl a.ru."sikx] P F n. rel arusikx (c.w. from rel picture and rikx move) final, last: [sjEn] P F adj. syen finally, at long last: [nI."PiP.a] P F adv. nì’i’a (derived from ’i’a end) find, discover: [R·un] P F vtr. run

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fine, detailed, precise, intricate (of things): [hI."no] P F adj. hìno finger: ["zEk.wæ] P F n. zekwä finished, done: [ha."sEj] P F adj. hasey finite, having a limit, not without bounds: ["t'Ew.NaP] P F adj. txewnga’ (c.w. from txew limit and nga’ contain) fire: [t'Ep^] P F n. txep firmly, carefully: [nIk.tuN."zup^] P F adv. nìktungzup (derived from ke tungzup not drop) lit.: ’without letting it fall’ firmly, steadfastly, faithfully: [nIk.lo."nu] P F adv. nìklonu (derived from ke lonu not let go) lit.: ’without releasing it’ first: [nI."Paw.vE] P F adv. nì’awve (derived from ’awve first) first (ordinal): ["Paw.vE] P F adj. ’awve (derived from ’aw one) first in a series, original, existing at or from the start: [lE."sNæ.Pi] P F adj. lesngä’i (derived from sngä’i begin) fish: [paj."o.aN] P F n. payoang (c.w. from pay water and ioang animal) fish, young of an animal, bird, insect: ["li.ni] P F n. lini fit, suit, complement, inherently enhance: [h·aP] P F vin. ha’ five: [mr] P F num. mrr " five day work week: ["mr.tr] P F n. mrrtrr (de" trr " day) rived from mrr five and fix, heal: [zEj."k·o] P F vtr. zeyko (derived from zo be well and «eyk» causative infix) flake, drop, chip: ["Il.va] P F n. ìlva flavor, taste: [suR] P F n. sur flawed feature, blemish, deformity, stain: ["fEP.Ran.vi] P F n. fe’ranvi (derived from fe’ran flawed nature, inherently defective) flawed nature, something ill-conceived or inherently defective: ["fEP.Ran] P F n. fe’ran (c.w. from fe’ bad and ran intrinsic character or nature) flawless, be perfect: [j·oP^] P F svin. yo’ flawlessly, perfectly: [nI."joP^] P F adv. nìyo’ (derived from yo’ be perfect) flee, escape: ["h·i.fw·o] P F vin. hifwo flesh, food made from animal origin: [vEj] P F n. vey > flight (an instance of flying): [sæ."tswaj.on] P F n. sätswayon (derived from tswayon fly)

float in the air, hover: [l·IN] P F vin. lìng > flour: [tsjo] P F n. tsyo flower: ["sju.laN] P F n. syulang fluent (for speech): [naw."fwE] P F adj. nawfwe Contraction of na hufwe > fly: ["tsw·aj.·on] P F vin. tswayon focus on, specialize in, be particularly interested in: ["k·an.P·In] P F vtr. kan’ìn (c.w. from kan aim and ’in be busy) focus one’s attention, concentrate: ["k·an.fp·Il] P F vin. kanfpìl (c.w. from kan aim and fpìl think) fog, mist, steam: ["ja.paj] P F n. yapay (c.w. from ya air and pay water) foggy, misty: [lE."ja.paj] P F adj. leyapay (derived from yapay fog) follow, proceed after: [n·oN] P F vtr. nong follow, track: [s·ut'] P F vtr. sutx following common sense, of course, logically: [nI."lun] P F adv. nìlun following, by, via, according to: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] P F adp. ìlä+ food (collective noun, cannot be pluralised): ["sju.vE] P F n. syuve food made from animal origin, flesh: [vEj] P F n. vey > food made from flour: ["tsjo.sju] P F n. tsyosyu (c.w. from tsyo flour and syuve food) food tray: ["sju.smuN] P F n. syusmung (c.w. from syuve food and smung transportation device) food wrap (food items wrapped in edible > leaves or vines): ["nik.tsjEj] P F n. niktsyey (c.w. from nik convenient and tsyey snack, light meal) foolish, ignorant: ["jaj.mak^] P F adj. yaymak foot: ["vE.nu] P F n. venu for a long time: [t'aN."kr] P F adv. txankrr (c.w. " time) from txan much and krr for example, as an example: [nat."kE.noN] P F conj. natkenong (c.w. from na like, as and tìkenong example) for the benefit of, for the sake of: [fpi] P F adp. fpi+ for the sake of, for the benefit of: [fpi] P F adp. fpi+ forbidden: ["k'a.nI] P F adj. kxanì forehead, brow: [za."REP] P F n. zare’ (c.w. from zapxì front and re’o head)

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forest: ["naP.RIN] P F n. na’rìng forest canopy: ["u.tu] P F n. utu > forget: [tsw·aP] P F vtr. tswa’ > > forgettable: [tsuk."tswaP] P F adj. tsuktswa’ (derived from tswa’ forget) forgiveness: ["t'o.a] P F n. txoa fork, branch, point of divergence: [jak^] P F n. yak forked lightning: [a."tan.zaw] P F n. atanzaw (derived from atan light and swizaw arrow) form, shape: [Pon] P F n. ’on formal: ["skE.pEk^] P F adj. skepek former, old: ["spu.win] P F adj. spuwin nfp. foul, mess up, do wrong: [tI."k'Ej "s·i] P F vin. tìkxey si (derived from tìkxey incorrectness) > four: [tsIN] P F num. tsìng > fourth (ordinal): ["tsI.vE] P F adj. tsìve (derived from tsìng four) fragile, delicate: [su."sjaN] P F adj. susyang free time, the absence of business: [tIk."PIn] P F n. tìk’ìn (derived from ’ìn be busy) frenzied, hurried: [lE."t'i] P F adj. letxi (derived from txi hurry) frenzy, hurry, hurriedness: [t'i] P F n. txi fresh, appealing as food: ["p'a.sul] P F adj. pxasul fretfully, worryingly: [nI."sNum] P F adv. nìsngum (derived from sngum worry) Friday: [tr."pu.vE] P F n. trrpuve (c.w. from trr day and" puve sixth) friend: ["PEj.lan] P F n. ’eylan friendship: [tI."PEj.lan] P F n. tì’eylan (derived from ’eylan friend) frightening, scary: [t'Ewm] P F adj. txewm from (direction): [ftu] P F adp. ftu– from (locative), from (temporal sense with other time words): [ta] P F adp. ta– from (temporal sense with other time words), from (locative): [ta] P F adp. ta– from above: [ta."PEm] P F adv. ta’em from among: [ta."kip^] P F adp. takip– (c.w. from ta from and kip– among)

from inside, out of: ["ftum.fa] P F adp. ftumfa– (derived from mìfa inside) from now (in the future): [kaj] P F adp. kay– from the reason, because: [ta."lun(a)] P F conj. talun(a) (c.w. from ta from and lun reason) from the reason, because: [a."lun.ta] P F conj. alunta from up among: [ta."fkip^] P F adp. tafkip– (c.w. from ta from and fkip– up among) front (part or section): [za."p'I] P F n. zapxì (derived from hapxì part) fruit: ["ma.u.ti] P F n. mauti fruitlessly, failingly, falteringly, in vain, not achieving the desired or expected end: [nI."nu] P F adv. nìnu (derived from nui fail, falter) full: [tE."ja] P F adj. teya full fruition, ripeness, maturity: [tI."fjEjn] P F n. tìfyeyn (derived from fyeyn ripe, mature) full of self-pride: [lE.sno."nr.a] P F adj. lesnonrra (derived from snonrra" self-pride) full, satisfied from hunger: ["jE.hak'] P F adj. yehakx (derived from ye full and ohakx hungry) full, satisfied, content, satiated: [jE] P F adj. ye fun, excitement: [tI."PoP] P F n. tì’o’ (derived from ’o’ exciting) functional clothing (item of): [p'En] P F n. pxen fundamentally, basically, in essence: [nI."Ran] P F adv. nìran (derived from ran intrinsic character or nature) fungus, mushroom: [sp'am] P F n. spxam funny story, joke: ["haN.vuR] P F n. hangvur (c.w. from hangham laugh and vur story) funny, humorous, amusing: ["Pi.pu] P F adj. ’ipu funny, strange: ["hi.jIk^] P F adj. hiyìk furthermore, besides, additionally: [nI."suN] P F adv. nìsung (derived from sung add) future: [zu."saw.kr] P F n. zusawkrr (c.w. from " and krr time) z«us»a’u coming

G a group or party of people: ["po.Nu] P F n. pongu (derived from po he/she) ofp.

moves to first syllable with infixation)

> gain, advantage, benefit, upside: ["tsan(N).kum] gain knowledge from sensory input, read P F n. tsankum (c.w. from tsan’ul improve, get better and kum result) (e.g. the forest): [·i."n·an] P F vtr. inan (stress

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game: [u."van] P F n. uvan > gap, breach: ["mEk.tsEN] P F n. mektseng (c.w. from mek empty and tseng place) > garbage dump, rubbish place: ["sNEl.tsEN] P F n. sngeltseng (c.w. from sngel garbage and tseng place) garbage, trash, rubbish: [sNEl] P F n. sngel gather, collect: ["st·aR.s·Im] P F vtr. starsìm gathering place: [mo."Pa.Ra] P F n. mo’ara gel, viscous liquid: ["k'um.paJ] P F n. kxumpay (derived from kxum viscous, gelatinous, thick) gelatinous, viscous, thick: [k'um] P F adj. kxum general, deputy, one step down from leader: [Ejk.ta."naj] JC,P F n. eyktanay (derived from eyktan leader) gentle, mild, tender (people or things): [flr] " P F adj. flrr gentleness, tenderness: [tI."flr] P F n. tìflrr (de" rived from flrr gentle) gently, tenderly: [nI."flr] P F adv. nìflrr (derived " from flrr gentle) > get better, improve: ["tsan.P·ul] P F vin. tsan’ul (c.w. from sìltsan good and ’ul increase) get caught in something, become stuck: [n·ip^] P F vin. nip get fixed (ii), heal, become well: ["zo.sl·u] P F vin. zoslu (c.w. from zo be well and slu become) > get it, I understand: [tslo."lam] P F intj. tslolam (derived from tslam understand and «ol» perfective aspect infix) get to a place, arrive: ["p·a.t·E] ZS v. pate get worse, worsen: ["fE.P·ul] P F vin. fe’ul (c.w. from fe’ bad and ’ul increase) get, acquire: ["k·a.n·om] P F vtr. kanom giant loom, mother loom: [sa."PEw.RaN] P F n. sa’ewrang (derived from sa’nok mother and ’ewrang loom) gift: ["st'E.li] P F n. stxeli girl: ["PE.vE.NE] P F n. ’evenge (derived from ’eveng child) girl (colloquial): ["PE.vE] P F n. ’eve (derived from ’evenge girl) give: [t·IN] P F vtr. tìng give birth to: [n·ok'] P F vtr. nokx > give ground, back down: ["t·IN "tsEN] P F vin. tìng tseng (derived from tìng give and tseng

ground) give out a tune or melody, sing wordlessly: [t·IN lawR] P F vin. tìng lawr (derived from lawr melody) give speech, orate: [ft'·u."lI.Pu] P F vin. ftxulì’u (c.w. from täftxu weave and lì’u word) give thanks, thank: [i."Ra.jo "s·i] P F vin. irayo si (derived from irayo thanks) give up, surrender, concede defeat: ["v·E.l·Ek^] P F vin. velek gladly, pleasurably, with pleasure: [nI."pr.tEP] " P F adv. nìprrte’ (derived from prrte’ pleasurable) gloaming, night-fall, sunset, dusk: [t'on."PoN] P F,P rr n. txon’ong (c.w. from txon night and ’ong unfold) > glove: [hawn."tsjok'] P F n. hawntsyokx (c.w. from hawnu protect and tsyokx hand) glow, an instance of glowing; light source, lamp: [sæ."nr] P F n. sänrr (derived from nrr " glow) glow, be luminous: [n·r] P F vin. nrr " go: [k·æ] P F vin. kä go astray, diverge, change direction: [j·ak^ s·i] P F vin. yak si (derived from yak point of divergence) go astray, fail, falter, not obtain expected or desired result: ["n·u.·i] P F vin. nui go down, descend: [kl."k·æ] P F vin. kllkä (c.w. " kä go) from kllpa bottom and go to the bathroom, relieve oneself; (on Earth) use the restroom: [fN·æP] P F vin. fngä’ go up, ascend: [fæ."k·æ] P F vin. fäkä (c.w. from fäpa top and kä go) go, proceed: [s·a."l·Ew] P F v. salew goal, aim, purpose, target: [tI."kan] P F n. tìkan (derived from kan aim) goggles, (made from insect wings, carved from wood, etc): ["REn.tEn] P F n. renten > good (of its kind), well done: [sIl."tsan] P F adj. sìltsan good looking, handsome: ["saj.RIp^] P F adj. sayrìp ofp. (male) good tasting, delicious: [ft'I."loR] P F adj. ftxìlor (c.w. from ftxì tongue and lor beautiful) good-smelling: [on."loR] P F adj. onlor (c.w. from ontu nose and lor pleasant to the senses) gourd, pod: [PE."Pin] P F n. ’e’in

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grab: [n·i.·"æ] P F vtr. niä grace, elegance: ["lo.Ran] P F n. loran (c.w. from lor beautiful and ran intrinsic character or nature) grant (ii): [tE."swo.t·IN] P F vtr. teswotìng (c.w. from tìng give) grasp, hold in the hand, grip: [fj·Ep^] P F vtr. fyep grass: ["zE.swa] P F n. zeswa grassroots movement: [Nr.po.Nu] P F n. ngrr" and pongu party) pongu (c.w. from ngrr root grassy: [lE."zE.swa] P F adj. lezeswa (derived from zeswa grass) gravel: [nIk'] P F n. nìkx great deed, feat, accomplishment: [sæ."Ro.Pa] P F n. säro’a great joy: ["law.nol] P F n. lawnol great person: ["nawm.tu] P F n. nawmtu (derived from nawm great) great, noble: [nawm] P F adj. nawm greatest of all, exceedingly great: [tu."vom] P F adj. tuvom greed: [tI."t'a.nEw] P F n. tìtxanew (derived from txanew greedy) greedy: ["t'a.nEw] P F adj. txanew (c.w. from txan much and new want)

green, blue: ["E.an] P F adj. ean green, blue: ["E.am.pin] P F n. eampin (derived from ean blue, green) greet, say hello: [kal."t'I "s·i] P F vin. kaltxì si (derived from kaltxì hello) grey: ["Nul.pin] P F n. ngulpin (derived from ngul grey, drab) grey, drab: [Nul] P F adj. ngul grip, hold in the hand, grasp: [fj·Ep^] P F vtr. fyep ground: ["kl.tE] P F n. kllte " (for smoking meats): ["mER.ki] ground rack P F n. merki group, set, pile, clump, stand: ["sna.Po] P F n. sna’o nfp. > grow: ["tsawl "sl·u] P F vin. tsawl slu (c.w. from tsawl big and slu become) guess, informed guess, hunch, intuition: [PEn] P F n. ’en guest, visitor: ["fr.tu] P F n. frrtu " guidance: [tI.fja.wIn."t'u ] P F n. tìfyawìntxu (derived from fyawìntxu guide) guide (with dative of thing guided): [fja.w·In."t'·u] P F vin. fyawìntxu (c.w. from fya’o path and wìntxu show) guideline, rule: [ko."REn] P F n. koren

H ’How sad!’, unhappy, upset: [kE."ft'o] P F adj., intj. keftxo > > hail: ["tsk'aj.tsjIp^] P F n. tskxaytsyìp (derived from tskxepay ice) hair: ["nik.RE] P F n. nikre hair adornment: [nik."Ro.i] P F n. nikroi (c.w. from nikre hair and ioi adornment) half: [mawl] P F n. mawl halt: [t'·Ej] P F v. txey hamper or suspended rack: ["kuR.fjan] P F n. kurfyan (c.w. from kur hang and fyan constructed device for keeping something off the ground and clean) > hand: [tsjok'] P F n. tsyokx hand-sized, kava bowl (constructed from seed pods, used for drinking intoxicating beverages): ["swo.a.sEj] P F n. swoasey (c.w. from swoa intoxicating beverage or “sprits" and sey cup or bowl minimally modified from naturally occurring resources)

handle: [sæ."fjEp^] P F n. säfyep (derived from fyep hold in the hand) handsome, good looking: ["saj.RIp^] P F adj. sayrìp ofp. (male) hang: [k·uR] P F vin. kur hang out with, spend time with: ["k·æ.tEN] P F vin. käteng hanging vine: ["Pa.na] P F n. ’ana happen, occur: [l·En] P F vin. len happening, event: [tI."lEn] P rr n. tìlen (derived from len happen) happily, luckily: ["nEt.RIp^] P F adv. netrìp happiness, well-being, peace: [fpom] P F n. fpom happy (of people): [nit."Ram] P F adj. nitram happy occasion, celebration: [ft'o."zæ] P F n. ftxozä happy, peaceful, joyous, pleasant: [lE."fpom] P F adj. lefpom (derived from fpom happiness, peace) nfp.

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hard: [t'aP] P F adj. txa’ hard, difficult: ["Næ.zIk^] P F adj. ngäzìk harm: [k'u] P F n. kxu harm: [k'u s·i] P F vin. kxu si (derived from kxu harm) harmonious: [mE."PEm] P F adj. me’em harmony (general sense): [tI."mE.PEm] P F n. tìme’em (derived from me’em harmonious) harmony, living at one with nature: [mE.o.a.u.ni.a."E.a] P F n. meoauniaea hat: [haw."REP] P F n. hawre’ (c.w. from hawnu protect and re’o head) hate: [v·EP."k·I] P F vtr. ve’kì hateful: [fkaj] P F adj. fkay hatred: [tI.vEP."kI] P F n. tìve’kì (derived from ve’kì hate) have a conversation, chat, converse: [p·æN."k'·o] P F vin. pängkxo have a relationship with, connect, relate to: ["t·a.R·E] P F vtr. tare have some positive value, be of value, be worth something: [l·Ej] P F vin. ley having a good attitude, enthusiasm: [tI."soP.ha] P F n. tìso’ha (derived from so’ha be enthusiastic about) having a limit, not without bounds, finite: ["t'Ew.NaP] P F adj. txewnga’ (c.w. from txew limit and nga’ contain) having to do with the Na’vi, the People: [lE."naP.vi] P F adj. leNa’vi (derived from Na’vi the People) he (no plural form: use (ay)fo): [po."an] P F pn. poan (derived from po he, she) he, she: [po] P F pn. po heavy rain, rainstorm: [t'an."tom.pa] P F n. txantompa (c.w. from txan much and tompa rain) head: ["RE.Po] P F n. re’o heal, become well, get fixed (ii): ["zo.sl·u] P F vin. zoslu (c.w. from zo be well and slu become) heal, fix: [zEj."k·o] P F vtr. zeyko (derived from zo be well and «eyk» causative infix) health (physical): [fpom."tok'] P F n. fpomtokx (c.w. from fpom well-being and tokx body) ofp. health or well-being (mental): [fpom."Ron] P F n. fpomron (derived from fpom well-being and ronsem mind) ofp.

healthful (mentally): [fpom."Ro.NaP] P F adj. fpomronga’ (c.w. from fpom well-being, peace, happiness and ronsem mind) nfp. healthful (physically): [fpom."tok'.NaP] P F adj. fpomtokxnga’ (c.w. from fpom wellbeing, peace, happiness and tokx body) nfp. healthy (mentally): [lE.fpom."Ron] P F adj. lefpomron (derived from fpomron health or wellbeing (mentally)) ofp. healthy (physically) : [lE.fpom."tok'] P F adj. lefpomtokx (derived from fpomtokx health (physical) ) ofp. hear: [st·awm] P F vtr. stawm heart: [t'EP."lan] P F n. txe’lan heat: [tI."som] P F n. tìsom (derived from som hot) heavy (physical weight): ["ku.Pup^] P F adj. ku’up heed, obey: [l·Ek^] P F vtr. lek heimat (ger.), personally significant or belo> ved place: [t'an."wE.tsEN] P F n. txanwetseng (derived from txanwawe(a) personally meaningful, significant and tseng place) hell!’, expression of warning or frustration, > ’crap!’, ’ah: ["tsa."hEj] ZS intj. tsa-hey hello: [kal."t'I] P F intj. kaltxì help: ["sRuN "s·i] P F vin. srung si (derived from srung help) help, assistance: [sRuN] P F n. srung helper, assistant: ["sRuN.si.ju] P F n. srungsiyu (derived from srung help) helpful: ["sRu.NaP] P F adj. srunga’ (derived from srung help) nfp. > helpful hint, tip: ["sRuN.tsjIp^] P F n. srungtsyìp (derived from srung help) her own, his own, its own: [snE."jæ] P F pn. sneyä (derived from sno his self, her self, its self ) > here, this place: [fI."tsEN(E)] P F adv., n. fìtseng(e) (derived from tseng place) heritage: [sa."tuP.li] P F n. satu’li (Note: Also name of canteen at Disney’s Pandora) > hero: ["t'an.tstEw] P F n. txantstew (c.w. from txan much and tstew brave) hesitant, in a state of hesitation: [lE."hI.pEj] P F adj. lehìpey (derived from hìpey hesitate) hesitantly: [nI."hI.pEj] P F adv. nìhìpey (derived from hìpey hesitate)

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hesitate, hold back for a short time: ["hI.p·Ej] P F vin. hìpey (derived from hì’i small and pey wait) hesitation: [ti."hI.pEj] P F n. tìhìpey (derived from hìpey hesitate) hide: [w·an] P F vtr. wan high: [k'ajl] P F adj. kxayl high level: ["k'ajl.jI] P F n. kxaylyì (c.w. from kxayl high and yì level) > hill: ["Ram.tsjIp^] P F n. ramtsyìp (derived from ram mountain) > hinder: [h·ul."tst'·Em] P F vtr. hultstxem hinge, joint: [til] P F n. til hip: ["Pl.No] P F n. ’llngo " his own, her own, its own: [snE."jæ] P F pn. sneyä (derived from sno his self, her self, its self ) hiss: [o."sss s·i] P F vin. oìsss si (derived from oìsss angry snarl) history (ancient): [Pok."Rol] P F n. ’okrol (derived from ’ok remembrance and rol sing) history (non-ancient): [Pok."vuR] P F n. ’okvur (c.w. from ’ok remembrance and vur story) hobby, pleasure-yielding activity: [sæ."su.lIn] P F n. säsulìn (derived from sulìn be busy (positive sense)) hold back for a short time, hesitate: ["hI.p·Ej] P F vin. hìpey (derived from hì’i small and pey wait) hold in one’s arms, hug, embrace: [m·E."y·am] P F vtr. meyam hold in the hand, grasp, grip: [fj·Ep^] P F vtr. fyep hold off, suspend action: [fp·ak^] P F v. fpak hole (going clear through an object): [Rop'] P F n. ropx hole, cavity, excavation with a bottom (visib> le or presumed): ["tsoN.Rop'] P F n. tsongropx (c.w. from tsong valley and ropx hole) hollow, not solid: ["mo.mEk^] P F adj. momek hollow, space, enclosed open area: [mo] P F n. mo home, house: ["kEl.ku] P F n. kelku honor: [mE."u.i.a] P F n. meuia honorable, honorably: [mE."u.i.a.NaP] P F adj. meuianga’ (derived from meuia honor and nga’ contain) honorably, honorable: [mE."u.i.a.NaP] P F adj. meuianga’ (derived from meuia honor and

nga’ contain) hook (for hanging or suspending an item): ["kuR.fja.vi] P F n. kurfyavi (derived from kurfyan hamper or suspended rack) > hope (abstract idea): [tsIl."pEj] P F n. tsìlpey (derived from sìlpey hope) hope (particular instance): [sæ.sIl."pEj] P F n. säsìlpey (derived from sìlpey hope) hope (with tsnì for thing hoped, unless in independent clause) (ii): [sIl."p·Ej] P F vin. sìlpey (c.w. from sìltsan good and pey wait) hopefully: [nI.sIl."pej] P F adv. nìsìlpey (derived from sìlpey hope) horizontally: [nI."t'aj] P F adv. nìtxay (derived from txay be horizontal) horn of an animal: [sluk'] P F n. slukx horn, wind instrument: [pawk^] P F n. pawk hot: [som] P F adj. som house, home: ["kEl.ku] P F n. kelku hover, float in the air: [l·IN] P F vin. lìng how: ["fja.pE] P F inter. fyape variant of pefya how: [pE."fja] P F inter. pefya variant of fyape how complex?: [pE.fjin.Ep."PaN] P F inter. pefyinep’ang (derived from fyinep’ang degree of complexity) variant of fyinep’angpe how complex?: [fjin.Ep."PaN.pE] P F inter. fyinep’angpe (derived from fyinep’ang degree of complexity) variant of pefyinep’ang how many: [pol."p'aj] P F inter. polpxay (c.w. from holpxay number and pe how) how many: [hol."p'aj.pE] P F inter. holpxaype (c.w. from holpxay number and pe how) how much: [hIm."t'am.pE] P F inter. hìmtxampe variant of pìmtxan how much: [pIm."t'an] P F inter. pìmtxan variant of hìmtxampe how tight, loose?: [pE."k'in.um] P F inter. pekxinum (derived from ’ekxinum tightness, looseness) how tight, loose?: [PE."k'i.num.pE] P F inter. ’ekxinumpe (derived from ’ekxinum tightness, looseness) how wide?, what width: [pE.slo."snEp^] P F inter. peslosnep (derived from snep narrow) variant of slosneppe how wide?, what width: [slo."snE.pE] P F inter. slosneppe (derived from snep narrow) variant of peslosnep however: [Ni."an] P F,SW adv. ngian

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howl: [R·o."Nu.waj] P F vin. ronguway (derived from rol sing and nguway howl) howl, viperwolf cry: ["Nu.waj] P F n. nguway (derived from way song) howler: [Ro."Nu.waj.ju] P F n. ronguwayyu (derived from ronguway howl) hug, embrace: [sæm."yam] P F n. sämyam (derived from meyam hug) hug, embrace, hold in one’s arms: [m·E."y·am] P F vtr. meyam humid, moist, damp: ["paj.NaP] P F adj. paynga’ (derived from pay water and nga’ contain) humor: [tI."Pi.pu] P F n. tì’ipu (derived from ’ipu humorous) humorous, funny, amusing: ["Pi.pu] P F adj. ’ipu hunch, guess, informed guess, intuition: [PEn] P F n. ’en hunger: [tI.o."hak'] P F n. tìohakx (derived from ohakx hungry) hungry: [o."hak'] P F adj. ohakx hunt: ["t·a.R·on] JC,P F vtr. taron

hunt: [sæ."ta.Ron] P F n. sätaron (derived from taron hunt) hunted thing, prey: [smaR] P F n. smar hunter: ["ta.Ron.ju] JC,P F n. taronyu (c.w. from taron hunt and –yu agent suffix) hunting: [tI.tu."sa.Ron] P F n. tìtusaron (derived from taron hunt) hunting: [tI."ta.Ron] P F n. tìtaron (derived from taron hunt) hurried, frenzied: [lE."t'i] P F adj. letxi (derived from txi hurry) hurriedly, in a frenzied way: [nI."t'i] P F adv. nìtxi (derived from txi hurry) hurriedness, hurry, frenzy: [t'i] P F n. txi hurry: ["win sæ."p·i] P F vin. win säpi (c.w. from win fast and s«äp»i do (reflexive)) hurry, hurriedness, frenzy: [t'i] P F n. txi hurt (someone or something): [tI."sRaw sEj."k·i] P F vtr. tìsraw seyki (c.w. from tìsraw pain and s«eyk»i make (causative)) hurt, be painful: [tI."sRaw "s·i] P F vin. tìsraw si (derived from tìsraw pain) husband, male spouse: [mun."t'a.tan] P F n. muntxatan (derived from muntxatu spouse)

I in vain, useless: [kEl."saR] P F adj. kelsar (c.w. from ke not and lesar useful) I (deferential or ceremonial form): ["o.hE] P F pn. ohe I mean, rather (self-correcting): [ko."lan] P F intj. kolan (derived from kan aim, intend) > I understand, get it: [tslo."lam] P F intj. tslolam (derived from tslam understand and «ol» perfective aspect infix) I, me: ["o.E] P F pn. oe > ice: ["tsk'E.paj] P F n. tskxepay (derived from tskxe stone and pay water) idea: [sæ."fpIl] P F n. säfpìl (derived from fpìl think) idiot, moron: [sk'awN] P F n. skxawng if: [t'o] P F conj. txo if (counterfactual use): [zun] P F conj. zun if not, or else, otherwise: ["t'o.kE.fjaw] P F conj. txokefyaw (c.w. from txo-ke-fya’o-’aw if not one path) ignorant, foolish: ["jaj.mak^] P F adj. yaymak ignore, not notice, snub: [J·æk'] P F vtr. yäkx

illness, disease, sickness: [sæ."sp'in] P F n. säspxin (derived from spxin sick) illustrate, draw: [w·Ejn] P F vtr. weyn image, picture: [REl] P F n. rel imaginary: [lE."Ron.sREl] P F adj. leronsrel (derived from ronsrelngop imagine) imagination: [tI."Ron.sREl] P F n. tìronsrel (derived from ronsrelngop imagine) imitate, reflect: ["RIP.IR s·i] P F vin. rì’ìr si (derived from rì’ìr reflection) immaturely, like a child: [nI."PE.vEN] P F adv. nì’eveng (derived from ’eveng child) immediately (not as soon as pxiswaway): [p'i."jEP.RIn] P F adv. pxiye’rìn (c.w. from ye’rìn soon and pxi sharp) immersion (into liquid), dipping: [jEm."fpaj] P F n. yemfpay (c.w. from yem put and pay water) impatient: [kE.lEm."wEj.pEj] P F adj. kelemweypey (derived from ke not and lemweypey patient)

27

impatiently: [nI.kEm."wEj.pEj] P F adv. nìkemweypey (derived from ke not and lemweypey patient) importance, meaning, significance: [wa."wE] P F n. wawe > important: [lE."tsRan.tEn] P F adj. letsranten (derived from tsranten matter) imposed requirement, obligation, duty: > [tson] P F n. tson > impossible: [kEl."tsun] P F adj. keltsun (c.w. from ke not and tsun be able) > improve, get better: ["tsan.P·ul] P F vin. tsan’ul (c.w. from sìltsan good and ’ul increase) improvement (in the general or abstract sen> se): [tI."tsan.Pul] P F n. tìtsan’ul (derived from tsan’ul improve) > improvement (specific instance): [sæ."tsan.Pul] P F n. sätsan’ul (derived from tsan’ul improve) in a communal manner, communally: [nI."jl] " P F adv. nìyll (derived from yll communal) in a disappointing fashion, in a way failing to meet expectations: [nI."jEw.la] P F adv. nìyewla (derived from yewla disappointment) in a fashion as if one’s life were at stake: [nEm."REj] P F adv.,intj. nemrey (derived from emrey survive) in a frenzied way, hurriedly: [nI."t'i] P F adv. nìtxi (derived from txi hurry) in a liquid way, by drinking: [nI."næk^] P F adv. nìnäk (derived from näk drink) in a manner: [nI."fja.Po] P F adv. nìfya’o (derived from fya’o way) in a manner which is enjoyable, enjoyably: [nI."PoP] P F adv. nì’o’ (derived from ’o’ exciting) in a mediocre manner: [nIk."sRan] P F adv. nìksran (derived from kesran mediocre) in a puzzling fashion, mysteriously: ["niN,jEn] P F adv. ningyen (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery) in a smart way, intelligently: [nI."ka.nu] P F adv. nìkanu (derived from kanu smart) in a state of hesitation, hesitant: [lE."hI.pEj] P F adj. lehìpey (derived from hìpey hesitate) in a straight line, straight ahead: [nI."jEj.fja] P F adv. nìyeyfya (derived from yeyfya straight line)

in a way failing to meet expectations, in a disappointing fashion: [nI."jEw.la] P F adv. nìyewla (derived from yewla disappointment) > in a whisper, by whispering: [nI."tsI.syI] P F adv. nìtsìsyì (derived from tsìsyì whisper, v.) in a whistling manner, by whistling: [nI."fwE.fwi] P F adv. nìfwefwi (derived from fwefwi whistle) in advance: [nI."li] P F adv. nìli (derived from li already) in an iron grip, tightly: [nI."sjEp^] P F adv. nìsyep (derived from syep trap) lit.: ’like a trap’ in an original way, originally, with origina> lity: [nI."tsim] P F adv. nìtsim (derived from tsim source) in answer, back, in response: [nI."PEjN] P F adv. nì’eyng (derived from ’eyng answer) in detail, expansively, thoroughly: [nI."no] P F adv. nìno in essence, basically, fundamentally: [nI."Ran] P F adv. nìran (derived from ran intrinsic character or nature) in every way: ["fra.fja] P F adv. frafya (c.w. from fra’u everything and fya’o way) in exchange for: ["jo.a] P F adp. yoa– in front of (place), before: ["E.o] P F adp. eo– in hiding, secretly, by hiding: [nI."wan] P F adv. nìwan (derived from wan hide) in imagination, by imagination: [nI."Ron.sREl] P F adv. nìronsrel (derived from ronsrelngop imagine) in just a second from now: [p'i.swaw."aj] P F adv. pxiswaway (c.w. from swaw moment and ay future marker) in order to, so that: [ftE] P F conj. fte (with subjunctive verb in dependant clause) in other words, that is: ["a.lu] P F conj. alu (derived from a subordinator and lu be) (Used for appositions) in poor taste, tacky: ["fE.lup^] P F adj. fe’lup (c.w. from fe’ bad and lupra style) in response, back, in answer: [nI."PEjN] P F adv. nì’eyng (derived from ’eyng answer) in season (of foods, vegetable or animal): [kI."maR] P F adj. kìmar in shambles, chaotic, messy, disorganized: ["vEl.ke] P F adj. velke (c.w. from ve’o order,

28

organization and luke without) in that case, so: [ha] P F adv. ha in the capacity of, something as, or in the role of, something else: [sko] P F adp. sko+ > in the meantime, until then: [tsa."kr.vaj] P F adv. tsakrrvay (c.w. from tsakrr then" and vay up to) in the right season, opportunely: [nIk."maR] P F adv. nìkmar (derived from kìmar in season) in this regard, related to this matter: [mI."ft'E.lE] P F adv. mìftxele in toto, all (of), completely: [nI."wot'] P F adv. nìwotx (derived from wotx totality, whole) in vain, failingly, falteringly, fruitlessly, not achieving the desired or expected end: [nI."nu] P F adv. nìnu (derived from nui fail, falter) in, on: [mI] P F adp. mì+ inappropriate, noise. sound that is excessive, unnecessary, unexpected or startling: ["hawm.pam] P F n. hawmpam (derived from hawng overabundance and pam sound) incessantly, continuously, without stopping: [nIl.kE."ftaN] P F adv. nìlkeftang (c.w. from luke without and ftang stop) incidentally, by the way: [nI."viN.kap^] P F adv. nìvingkap (derived from vingkap occur to one, pop into one’s mind) incorrect, wrong, not right: [kE."jawR] P F adj. keyawr (c.w. from ke not and eyawr correct) incorrectness, mistakeness: [tI."k'Ej] P F n. tìkxey (derived from kxeyey mistake) increase: [P·ul] P F vin. ’ul increase: [tI."Pul] P F n. tì’ul increasingly, more and more: [nI."Pul.Pul] P F adv. nì’ul’ul (derived from ’ul increase) indicate, point at: [v·l] P F vin., vtr. vll " individuality (negative connotation), selfishness: [tI."Paw.po] P F n. tì’awpo (derived from ’awpo one individual) infant, baby: ["pr.nEn] P F n. prrnen > " infinite, uncountable: [kE.tsuk."ti.am] P F adj. ketsuktiam (derived from ketsuk– not able to do and tiam count) infix: ["kEm.lI.Pu.vi] P F n. kemlì’uvi (derived from kemlì’u verb) informed guess, guess, hunch, intuition: [PEn] P F n. ’en

inherently enhance, fit, suit, complement: [h·aP] P F vin. ha’ initial location, beginning, starting position: > ["sNæ.PI.tsEN] P F n. sngä’itseng (c.w. from sngä’i start and tseng place) insane, crazy: [lEk."jE.PuN] P F adj. lekye’ung (derived from keye’ung insanity) insanity: [kE."jE.PuN] P F n. keye’ung insect: ["hI.PaN] P F n. hì’ang (c.w. from hì’i small and ioang animal) insect, young of an animal, bird, fish: ["li.ni] P F n. lini inside: ["mI.fa] or [mI."fa] P F n., adv. mìfa inside, into: ["nEm.fa] P F adp. nemfa– (c.w. from ne towards and mìfa inside) inspiration: [slan.ti."RE] P F n. slantire (c.w. from slan support and tirea spirit) inspire: [slan.ti."RE s·i] P F vin. slantire si (derived from slantire inspiration) inspire awe or respect, be impressive: ["R·o.P·a] P F vin. ro’a instance, time, turn, one of a number of repeated or recurring actions: ["a.lo] P F n. alo instead of, rather than: [tup^] P F conj. tup instruction, teaching: [sæ."nu.mE] P F n. sänume (derived from nume learn) instructive, meaningful, something from which a lesson can be learned: ["Ral.NaP] P F adj. ralnga’ (c.w. from ral meaning and nga’ contain) insult, offence: [zop."lo] P F n. zoplo intelligence: [tI."ka.nu] P F n. tìkanu (derived from kanu smart) > intelligence, understanding: [tI."tslam] P F n. tìtslam (derived from tslam understand) intelligent, smart: ["ka.nu] P F adj. kanu ofp. intelligently, in a smart way: [nI."ka.nu] P F adv. nìkanu (derived from kanu smart) inter. marker for yes or no questions: ["sRak(E)] P F part. srak(e) interfered with, modified, no longer in a natural state: ["zæ.fi] P F adj. zäfi intermediate level: ["k'am.jI] P F n. kxamyì (c.w. from kxam middle and yì level) interpret (ii): [Ral."p·EN] P F vtr. ralpeng (c.w. from ral meaning and peng tell) interpretation, translation: [tI.Ral."pEN] P F n. tìralpeng (derived from ral meaning and peng tell)

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interrupt, throw out of harmonious balance: [m·æ."k'u] P F vtr. mäkxu (derived from kxu harm) into, inside: ["nEm.fa] P F adp. nemfa– (c.w. from ne towards and mìfa inside) intoxicating beverage, or “spirits”: ["swo.a] P F n. swoa intricate (of things), fine, detailed, precise: [hI."no] P F adj. hìno intriguing, be interesting: ["El.tuR tI."t'En s·i] P F vin. eltur tìtxen si (derived from eltu-r brain (dative) and tìtxen awakeness) intrinsic character or nature, essence, constititution; basic nature of something resulting from the totality of its properties; often best translated as personality: [Ran] P F n. ran introduce, present: [mu.w·In."t'·u] P F vtr. muwìntxu (derived from wìntxu show) intuition, guess, informed guess, hunch: [PEn] P F n. ’en

intuitive, speculative: [lE."PEn] P F adj. le’en (derived from ’en guess) nfp. investigate, explore: [l·aN] P F vtr. lang irregular, random: ["RE.nul.kE] P F adj. renulke (derived from renu pattern and luke without) is, be, am, are: [l·u] P F vin., svin. lu (predicative copula, existential verb) (signifies possession with dative of possessor) island: ["spo.no] P F n. spono isn’t it?, right?: [kE."fjak^] P F,P rr part. kefyak (c.w. from ke fya not the way and srak question marker) > it (as intransitive subject), that: [tsaw] P F dem., pn. tsaw > it (as object), that: [tsat^] P F pn. tsat > it (transitive subject), that: [tsal] P F pn. tsal itch: ["fk'·a.k·E] P F v. fkxake its own, his own, her own: [snE."jæ] P F pn. sneyä (derived from sno his self, her self, its self )

J jealously, enviously: [nI."fmok'] P F adv. nìfmokx (derived from fmokx jealousy) jealousy, envy: [fmok'] P F n. fmokx joint, hinge: [til] P F n. til joke, funny story: ["haN.vuR] P F n. hangvur (c.w. from hangham laugh and vur story) journey: [tI."sop^] P F n. tìsop (derived from sop travel) joyous, happy, peaceful, pleasant: [lE."fpom] P F adj. lefpom (derived from fpom happi-

ness, peace) nfp. jump: [sp·æ] P F v. spä just a moment ago: [p'i.swaw."am] P F adv. pxiswawam (c.w. from swaw moment and –am past) justice, fairness: [tIm."wi.æ] P F n. tìmwiä (derived from muiä proper, fair, right, justified) justified, proper, fair, right: [mu."i.æ] muiä

PF

adj.

K kava bowl (constructed from seed pods, kid: ["PE.vi] P F n. ’evi (affectionate form of used for drinking intoxicating beverages), ’eveng child) > hand-sized: ["swo.a.sEj] P F n. swoasey (c.w. kill: [tsp ·aN] P F vtr. tspang from swoa intoxicating beverage or “sprits" > and sey cup or bowl minimally modified from kind, thoughtful, considerate: ["tstun.wi] P F adj. tstunwi naturally occurring resources) kind, type: [fnEl] P F n. fnel keen, enthusiastic: [lE."soP.ha] P F adj. leso’ha > (derived from so’ha be enthusiastic about) kindness: [tI."tstun.wi] P F n. tìtstunwi (derived from tstunwi kind) ofp. kiss: [p·om] P F vtr. pom > keep up with someone: [l·a."ts·i] LA v. latsi kiss: [sæ."pom] P F n. säpom (derived from pom kick, shove: [p'·Ek^] P F vtr. pxek kiss) 30

knee: [ki."nam.til] P F n. kinamtil (c.w. from ki- know: [·o."m·um] P F vtr. omum (stress moves nam leg and til joint) to first syllable with infixation) > knife: [tstal] P F n. tstal know (spiritual sense), see, see into, un> knife sheath: ["tstal.sE.na] P F n. tstalsena (c.w. derstand: ["k·a.m·E] P F vtr. kame from tstal knife and sähena carrier) knowledge: [tI."o.mum] P F n. tìomum (derived knot: [fta] P F n. fta from omum know) knot, make or tie a knot: [fta s·i] P F vin. fta si (derived from fta knot) L lack: [tI."kE.lu] P F n. tìkelu (derived from ke not and lu be) lack of notice, snubbing: [tI."Jæk'] P F n. tìyäkx (derived from yäkx not notice, ignore, snub) > lack of notice, unawareness: [tIk."tsE.Ri] P F n. tìktseri (derived from tseri note, notice) lacking sufficient energy, lethargic, lazy: [NoN] P F adj. ngong lake: ["Po.Ra] P F n. ’ora lamp, glow, an instance of glowing; light source: [sæ."nr] P F n. sänrr (derived from " nrr glow) land: [at'."k'E] P F n. atxkxe land (process of), alight: [kl."w·o] P F vin. kllwo " wo reach for) (c.w. from kllte ground and land, reach the ground: [kl."p·æ] P F vin. kllpä " pähem arrive) (c.w. from kllte ground and language: ["lIP.fja] P F n. lì’fya (c.w. from lì’u word and fya’o way) language group, language users: ["lIP.fja.o."loP] P F n. lì’fyaolo’ (c.w. from lì’fya language and olo’ clan) language users, language group: ["lIP.fja.o."loP] P F n. lì’fyaolo’ (c.w. from lì’fya language and olo’ clan) large: [a."p'a] P F adj. apxa nfp. > large gathering, conference: [tsawl.ul."t'a] P F n. tsawlultxa (c.w. from tsawl big and ultxa meeting) large part, majority, most: [t'am."p'I] P F n. txampxì (derived from txan much) large pestle (grinding tool); meal-mashing pole: ["i.kut^] P F n. ikut large social kava bowl: ["swo.a.sEj a."jl] P F n. " bowl swoasey ayll (c.w. from swoasey kava (constructed from seed pods, used for drinking intoxicating beverages) and yll communal)

last month: [vo.sp'I."am] P F n. vospxìam (derived from vospxì month) last night: [t'o."nam] P F adv. txonam (derived from txon night and ham previous) last time: [ha."ma.lo] P F adv. hamalo (c.w. from ham previous and alo time) last week: ["kin.tram] P F n. kintrram (derived " from kintrr week) last weekend: ["mun.tr.am] P F n. muntrram " weekend) (derived from muntrr last, final: [sjEn] P F adj. syen last, ultimate, terminal: [toR] P F adj. tor (derived from toruk last shadow) lastly: [nI."sjEn] P F adv. nìsyen (derived from syen last) late: ["hawN.kr] P F adv. hawngkrr (c.w. from " hawng overabundance and krr time) late: [lE."hawN.kr] P F adj. lehawngkrr (derived " late) from hawngkrr late afternoon, evening (before twilight): [kajm] P F n. kaym lately, currently: [nI."fkr] P F adv. nìfkrr (deri" ved from fìkrr this time) laugh: ["h·aN.h·am] P F vin. hangham launch, take off: [ja."w·o] P F vin. yawo (c.w. from ya air and wo reach for) lava, magma: [t'E."k'um.paJ] P F n. txekxumpay (derived from texp fire and kxumpay viscous liquid) lawlike: [lE.ko."REn] P F adj. lekoren (derived from koren rule) lawyer: [pæN."k'o.ju lE.ko."REn] P F n. pängkxoyu lekoren (c.w. from pängkxoyu chatter and lekoren lawlike) lay (something) on the ground: [kl.t'Ej."k·aj] " P F vtr. klltxeykay (c.w. from kllte ground and txay lie flat) transitive form of klltxay

31

lazily, lethargically: [nI."NoN] P F adv. nìngong (derived from ngong lazy) laziness, lethargy: [tI."NoN] P F n. tìngong (derived from ngong lazy) lazy, lethargic, lacking sufficient energy: [NoN] P F adj. ngong lead: [·Ejk^] JC,P F vtr. eyk leader: ["Ejk.tan] JC n. eyktan (derived from eyk lead) leader (typically temporary, of a small group like a hunting party): ["Ejk.ju] P F n. eykyu (derived from eyk lead) leadership: [tI."Ejk.tan] JC,P F n. tìeyktan (derived from eyktan leader) leaf: [RIk^] P F n. rìk leaf green: ["RI.kE.an] P F adj. rìkean (c.w. from rìk leaf and ean green) leaf plate: ["jom.yo lE."rIk^] P F n. yomyo lerìk (c.w. from yomyo plate (for food) and lerìk leafy) leafy: [lE."RIk^] P F adj. lerìk (derived from rìk leaf ) lean: ["t·u.v·on] P F v. tuvon learn: ["n·u.m·E] P F vin. nume least, minority, small part: [hIm."p'I] P F n. hìmpxì leather: [flawk'] P F n. flawkx leave, abandon: [t'·IN] P F vtr. txìng leave, depart: [h·um] P F vin. hum ledge, shelf, level, step, rung : [jI] P F n. yì (Can also be used metaphorically to refer to the level of anything scalable - anything that can have levels or degrees, highs and lows, water level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.) left (not right): [ftæR] P F adj. ftär left side: ["ftæR.pa] P F n. ftärpa (c.w. from ftär left and pa’o side) leg: [ki."nam] P F n. kinam leggings (used in war): [Ra."spuP] P F n. raspu’ leisurely, unhurriedly: [nI."t'i.lu.kE] P F adv. nìtxiluke (c.w. from txi hurry and luke without) lend: [kæ."sR·In] P F vtr. käsrìn (derived from srìn temporarily transfer from one to another) length: [Nim."pup^] P F n. ngimpup (derived from ngim long and pup short) lent or borrowed thing: [sæ."sRIn] P F n. säsrìn (derived from srìn temporarily transfer from

one to another) less: [nI."næn] P F adv. nìnän (derived from nän decrease) less and less, decreasingly: [nI."næn.æn] P F adv. nìnänän (derived from nän decrease) lesson: [sæ."num.vi] P F n. sänumvi (derived from sänume teaching) lest, so that not: ["ftE.kE] P F conj. fteke (c.w. from fte so that and ke not) (with subjunctive verb in dependant clause) let go, release: [l·o."n·u] P F vtr. lonu lethargic, lacking sufficient energy, lazy: [NoN] P F adj. ngong lethargically, lazily: [nI."NoN] P F adv. nìngong (derived from ngong lazy) lethargy, laziness: [tI."NoN] P F n. tìngong (derived from ngong lazy) letter (phonetic symbol): [pam."REl.vi] P F n. pamrelvi (derived from pamrel writing) level: ["PEN.EN] P F adj. ’engeng level, shelf, ledge, step, rung : [jI] P F n. yì (Can also be used metaphorically to refer to the level of anything scalable - anything that can have levels or degrees, highs and lows, water level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.) lid, cover: [lEw] P F n. lew lie flat, be horizontal: [t'·aj] P F vin. txay lie on the ground: [kl."t'·aj] P F vin. klltxay " and txay lie flat) (c.w. from kllte ground life: [tI."REj] P F n. tìrey (derived from rey live) lift, pick up: ["k'·El.t·Ek] P F vtr. kxeltek light: [a."tan] JC n. atan light (physical weight), lightweight: [sjo] P F adj. syo light color: ["nEjm.pin] P F n. neympin (derived from neyn light, shade of white) light colors, shades of white: [nEjn] P F adj. neyn > light meal, snack: [tsjEj] P F n. tsyey > light wind, breeze: [hu."fwE.tsjIp^] P F n. hufwetsyìp (derived from hufwe wind) lightning (general term): [Rawm] P F n. rawm lightweight, light (physical weight): [sjo] P F adj. syo like a child, immaturely: [nI."PE.vEN] P F adv. nì’eveng (derived from ’eveng child) like an adult, maturely: [nI."fjEjn.tu] P F adv. nìfyeyntu (derived from fyeyntu adult)

32

> like that, that way: [tsa."fja] P F adv. tsafya (c.w. from tsa- that and fya’o way) like the Na’vi, Na’vi-ly: [nI."naP.vi] P F adv. nìNa’vi (derived from Na’vi the People) like this, this way: [fI."fja] P F adv. fìfya (derived from fya’o path) like us, as we do (casual speech [naj."wEN]): [nI.aj."wEN] P F adv. nìayoeng (derived from ayoeng us (inclusive)) like, as: [na] P F adp. na– like, as: [p'El] P F adp. pxel– likewise, too, also, as well: [nI."tEN] P F adv. nìteng (derived from teng same, equal) limit, edge, brink, border, end: [t'Ew] P F n. txew lip: ["sEj.Ri] JC n. seyri liquid, water: [paj] P F n. pay listen: ["t·IN "mik.jun] P F vin. tìng mikyun (derived from tìng give and mikyun ear) listen to (intentionally): ["j·u.n·E] P F vtr. yune little (in size), small: ["hI.Pi] P F adj. hì’i > little conversation: [tI.pæN."k'o.tsjIp^] P F n. tìpängkxotsyìp (derived from tìpängkxo conversation) little daughter (term of endearment): > ["Pi.tE.tsjIp^] P F n. ’itetsyìp (derived from ’ite daughter) > little hunter: ["ta.Ron.ju.tsjIp^] P F n. taronyutsyìp (derived from taronyu hunter) > little I, little me: ["wE.tsjIp^] P F pn. oetsyìp (derived from oe I) > little me, little I: ["wE.tsjIp^] P F pn. oetsyìp (derived from oe I) > little moment, second: ["swaw.tsjIp^] P F n. swawtsyìp (derived from swaw moment) little mommy (used for young girls): > ["saP.nu.tsjIp^] P F n. sa’nutsyìp (derived from sa’nu mommy) > > little queue: ["tswin.tsjIp^] P F n. tswintsyìp (derived from tswin queue) > little you, you little: ["Na.tsjIp^] P F pn. ngatsyìp (derived from nga you) live: [R·Ej] P F vin. rey live, dwell: ["kEl.ku "s·i] P F vin. kelku si (derived from kelku home) living at one with nature, harmony: [mE.o.a.u.ni.a."E.a] P F n. meoauniaea living thing, alive, living: [Ru."sEj] P F adj., n. rusey (c.w. from rey live and «us» active par-

ticiple infix) living, alive, living thing: [Ru."sEj] P F adj., n. rusey (c.w. from rey live and «us» active participle infix) logically, of course, following common sense: [nI."lun] P F adv. nìlun loincloth: [tEwN] P F n. tewng long (physical length): [Nim] P F adj. ngim longer (time): [nul."kr] P F adv. nulkrr (derived " from krr time) look: ["t·IN "na.Ri] P F vin. tìng nari (derived from tìng give and nari eye) look after, take care of, be responsible for: [v·EwN] P F vtr. vewng look at: [n·In] P F vtr. nìn look for, seek, search: [fw·Ew] P F vtr. fwew look, sight, appearance: [PuR] P F n. ’ur loom: ["PEw.RaN] P F n. ’ewrang loose: [um] P F adj. um loose?, how tight: [pE."k'in.um] P F inter. pekxinum (derived from ’ekxinum tightness, looseness) loose?, how tight: [PE."k'i.num.pE] P F inter. ’ekxinumpe (derived from ’ekxinum tightness, looseness) loosely, weakly: [nI."mEjp^] P F adv. nìmeyp (derived from meyp weak) looseness, degree of tightness: [PE."k'i.num] P F n. ’ekxinum (c.w. from ’ekxin tight and um loose) lose: [sn·ajt'] P F vtr. snaytx lose awareness of something, lose track: ["t·a.t·Ep^] P F vtr. tatep lose oneself (spiritual sense): ["P·i.·a] P F vin. ’ia lose track, lose awareness of something: ["t·a.t·Ep^] P F vtr. tatep loser: ["snaj.tu] P F n. snaytu (derived from snaytx lose) loss: [tI."snajt'] P F n. tìsnaytx (derived from snaytx lose) loud: [wok^] P F adj. wok loudly: [nI."wok^] P F adv. nìwok (derived from wok loud) love: [tI."jawn] P F n. tìyawn (derived from yawne beloved) loved one: ["jaw.nE.tu] P F n. yawnetu (derived from yawne beloved)

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loved one: ["jawn.tu] P F n. yawntu (derived luck, chance: ["sjaj.vi] P F n. syayvi (derived from yawne beloved) from syay fate) low: [tIm] P F adj. tìm luckily, happily: ["nEt.RIp^] P F adv. netrìp low level: ["tIm.jI] P F n. tìmyì (c.w. from tìm > lung: ["tso.pI] P F n. tsopì low and yì level) M (made from insect wings, goggles, carved from wood, etc): ["REn.tEn] P F n. renten magenta, violet, purple: ["Pom.pin] P F n. ’ompin (derived from ’om purple) magenta, violet, purple: [Pom] P F adj. ’om magma, lava: [t'E."k'um.paJ] P F n. txekxumpay (derived from texp fire and kxumpay viscous liquid) main, primary: [t'in] P F adj. txin majority, most, large part: [t'am."p'I] P F n. txampxì (derived from txan much) make an exception: [tI.muN."wr s·i] P F vin. " tìmungwrr si (derived from tìmungwrr exception) make an informed guess: ["PEn "s·i] P F vin. ’en si (derived from ’en guess) make clear: ["law "s·i] P F vin. law si (derived from law clear) make free of dirt, clean: ["la.ro s·i] P F vin. laro si (derived from laro clean) make impervious, seal: [fy·El] P F vtr. fyel make or tie a knot, knot: [fta s·i] P F vin. fta si (derived from fta knot) make someone angry, anger: [stEj."k·i] P F vtr. steyki (derived from sti be angry and «eyk» causative infix) make something fast, rush something: ["win "s·i] P F vin. win si (derived from win fast) make to sing (poetic), play music: [REj."kol] P F vtr. reykol (derived from rol sing and «eyk» causitive infix) make, auxiliary verb, postpositional nonbound verb do: [s·i] P F si deriving affix making an informed guess, acting on intuition: [nI."PEn] P F adv. nì’en (derived from ’en guess) male (person): [tu."tan] P F n. tutan (derived from tute person) male spouse, husband: [mun."t'a.tan] P F n. muntxatan (derived from muntxatu spouse)

malicious, bad hearted: ["kawN.lan] P F adj. kawnglan (c.w. from kawng bad, evil and txe’lan heart) manily, many: [nI."p'aj] P F adv. nìpxay (derived from pxay many) manner, path, way: ["fja.Po] P F n. fya’o many: [p'aj] P F adj. pxay (used with singular or plural noun forms) many, manily: [nI."p'aj] P F adv. nìpxay (derived from pxay many) map: [at'."k'E.REl] P F n. atxkxerel (c.w. from atxkxe land and rel picture) marriage, mating: [tI.mun."t'a] P F n. tìmuntxa (derived from muntxa mated) married, mated: [mun."t'a] P F adj. muntxa marry, mate (with someone): [mun."t'a "s·i] P F vin. muntxa si (derived from muntxa mated) > master: [tsul."fæ "s·i] P F vin. tsulfä si (derived from tsulfä mastery) master of an art, craft, or skill, expert: > [tsul."fæ.tu] P F n. tsulfätu (derived from tsulfä mastery) > mastery: [tsul."fæ] P F n. tsulfä mate (with someone), marry: [mun."t'a "s·i] P F vin. muntxa si (derived from muntxa mated) mated, married: [mun."t'a] P F adj. muntxa materialize, appear, come into view: [sR·ER] P F vin. srer mating, marriage: [tI.mun."t'a] P F n. tìmuntxa (derived from muntxa mated) matter (subject): ["t'E.lE] P F n. txele > matter, be of importance: ["tsR·an.t·En] P F vin. tsranten mature, ripe, adult: [fjEjn] P F adj. fyeyn maturely, like an adult: [nI."fjEjn.tu] P F adv. nìfyeyntu (derived from fyeyntu adult) maturity, ripeness, full fruition: [tI."fjEjn] P F n. tìfyeyn (derived from fyeyn ripe, mature) maximally: [t'an."t'Ew.vaj] P F adv. txantxewvay (derived from txantxew maximum)

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maximum: [t'an."t'Ew] P F n. txantxew (c.w. from txan much and txew limit, border, end) > may, be possible: ["ts·un.sl·u] P F vin. tsunslu (c.w. from tsun be able and slu become) maybe, perhaps: [k'awm] P F adv. kxawm me, I: ["o.E] P F pn. oe meaning: [Ral] P F n. ral meaning, importance, significance: [wa."wE] P F n. wawe meaningful, instructive, something from which a lesson can be learned: ["Ral.NaP] P F adj. ralnga’ (c.w. from ral meaning and nga’ contain) meaningfully, significantly: [nI.wa."wE] P F adv. nìwawe (derived from wawe meaning, significance) > meat: [tsNan] P F n. tsngan > medicine: ["Pum.tsa] P F n. ’umtsa mediocre, so-so: [kE."sRan] P F adj. kesran (c.w. from ke not and sran yes) (The derivation of this word is not entirely clear. It may have originally been kesrankekehe, literally, ‘not yes, not no,’ in reference to whether a certain action was performed well or not, and over time it became shortened to just kesran, its use expanding to include anything only mediocre in quality.) meet by chance (ii), encounter: [ul."t'a.R·un] P F vtr. ultxarun (c.w. from ultxa meeting and run find) meet with someone intentionally (use hu with): [ul."t'a "s·i] P F vin. ultxa si (derived from ultxa meeting) meeting: [ul."t'a] P F n. ultxa meeting participant: [ul."t'a.tu] P F n. ultxatu (derived from ultxa meeting) melody: [lawR] P F n. lawr member: [ha."p'I.tu] P F n. hapxìtu (derived from hapxì part) member of a class, classmate: [nu.mul."t'a.tu] P F n. numultxatu (derived from numultxa class (for instruction)) mess up, foul, do wrong: [tI."k'Ej "s·i] P F vin. tìkxey si (derived from tìkxey incorrectness) message: [Pu."p'a.RE] P F n. ’upxare messy, chaotic, disorganized, in shambles: ["vEl.ke] P F adj. velke (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and luke without) metal: [fNap^] P F n. fngap

metallic: [lE."fNap^] P F adj. lefngap (derived from fngap metal) mid-day, noon: ["k'am.tr] P F n. kxamtrr (c.w. from kxam middle and" trr day) middle, midpoint: [k'am] P F n. kxam midnight: ["k'am.t'on] P F n. kxamtxon (c.w. from kxam middle and txon night) midpoint, middle: [k'am] P F n. kxam mighty: [fkEw] P F adj. fkew mild, gentle, tender (people or things): [flr] " P F adj. flrr > mild, moderate, comfortable: ["tsja.fE] P F adj. tsyafe military clan, squad, battle party: ["wEm.po.Nu] P F n. wempongu (c.w. from wem fight and pongu group) milk: ["o.kup^] P F n. okup mind: ["Ron.sEm] P F n. ronsem minimally: [hIm."t'Ew.vaj] P F adv. hìmtxewvay (derived from hìmtxew minimum) minimum: [hIm."t'Ew] P F n. hìmtxew (c.w. from hìm small and txew limit) > minor ailment: [sæ."sp'in.tsjIp^] P F n. säspxintsyìp (derived from säspxin illness) > minor wound, cut, bruise: ["sk'iR.tsjIp^] P F n. skxirtsyìp (derived from skxir wound) minority, least, small part: [hIm."p'I] P F n. hìmpxì mischief: ["sti.wi] P F n. stiwi mischief-maker: ["sti.wi.si.Ju] P F n. stiwisiyu (derived from stiwi mischief ) mischievous: ["sti.wi.NaP] P F adj. stiwinga’ (c.w. from stiwi mischief and nga’ contain) missed (as an absent person who is longed for), missing: [lom] P F adj. lom missed person: ["lom.tu] P F n. lomtu (derived from lom missing, missed) missing, missed (as an absent person who is longed for): [lom] P F adj. lom mist, fog, steam: ["ja.paj] P F n. yapay (c.w. from ya air and pay water) mistake, error: ["k'E.jEj] P F n. kxeyey mistakeness, incorrectness: [tI."k'Ej] P F n. tìkxey (derived from kxeyey mistake) misty, foggy: [lE."ja.paj] P F adj. leyapay (derived from yapay fog) model, represent, exemplify (ii): ["k·E.n·oN] or ["kE.n·oN] P F vin. kenong (c.w. from ke not and nong follow)

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> moderate, mild, comfortable: ["tsja.fE] P F adj. tsyafe modification, change (instance of), edit: [sæ."la.tEm] P F n. sälatem (derived from latem change) modified, interfered with, no longer in a natural state: ["zæ.fi] P F adj. zäfi moist vegetation, pleasant smell of nearby running water, rain: [so."sul] P F adj. sosul moist, humid, damp: ["paj.NaP] P F adj. paynga’ (derived from pay water and nga’ contain) moment: [swaw] P F n. swaw mommy, mum: ["saP.nu] P F n. sa’nu (affectionate form of sa’nok mother) Monday: [tr."mu.vE] P F n. trrmuve (c.w. from " muve second) trr day and month: [vo."sp'I] P F n. vospxì (derived from vosìpxì twelfth and zìsìtä of a year) more: [nI."Pul] P F adv. nì’ul more and more, increasingly: [nI."Pul.Pul] P F adv. nì’ul’ul (derived from ’ul increase) morning: ["RE.won] P F n. rewon moron, idiot: [sk'awN] P F n. skxawng moss: ["pr.wl] P rr n. prrwll (c.w. from prrnen " ’ewll " baby and plant) most, majority, large part: [t'am."p'I] P F n. txampxì (derived from txan much) mother: ["saP.nok^] P F n. sa’nok (from sa’atenuk C ) mother loom, giant loom: [sa."PEw.RaN] P F n. sa’ewrang (derived from sa’nok mother and ’ewrang loom) mountain: [Ram] P F n. ram mouth: [k'a] P F n. kxa move: ["P·æ.R·Ip^] P F vtr. ’ärìp move, shift position: [R·ik'] P F vin. rikx movie, film, video: ["rEl a.ru."sikx] P F n. rel arusikx (c.w. from rel picture and rikx move)

much: [t'an] P F adj. txan much (abstract), very: [nI."t'an] P F adv. nìtxan (derived from txan much) mud: ["No.a] P F n. ngoa multicolored, colorful, variegated: ["p'aj.o.pin] P F adj. pxayopin (c.w. from pxay many and ’opin color) mum, mommy: ["saP.nu] P F n. sa’nu (affectionate form of sa’nok mother) > muscle: [tsNEm] P F n. tsngem > muscular: [tsaw."sNEm] P F adj. tsawsngem (derived from tsawl big and tsngem muscle) mushroom, fungus: [sp'am] P F n. spxam > music: ["pam.tsE.o] P F n. pamtseo (c.w. from pam sound and tseo art) > music creator, composer: [pam.tsE.o."Nop.ju] P F n. pamtseongopyu (c.w. from pamtseo music and ngopyu creator) eg. James Horner musical instrument (generic term): [Po."t'aN] P F n. ’otxang > musician: ["pam.tsE.o.tu] P F n. pamtseotu (derived from pamtseo music) must: ["z·E.n·E] P F vim. zene must not (ii): ["z·EN.kE] P F vim. zenke (c.w. from zene must and ke not) my apologies (acknowledgment of guilt and regret), sorry: [Naj."t'o.a] P F intj. ngaytxoa (c.w. from ngeyä your and txoa forgiveness) mysterious, puzzling, enigmatic: ["iN.jE.NaP] P F adj. ingyenga’ (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery) mysteriously, in a puzzling fashion: ["niN,jEn] P F adv. ningyen (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery) mystery, riddle, enigma, conundrum: > ["iN.jEn.tsim] P F n. ingyentsim (c.w. from ingyen feeling of mystery and tsim source)

N > Na’vi-ly, like the Na’vi: [nI."naP.vi] P F adv. nì- nap: ["haw.tsjIp^] P F n. hawtsyìp (derived from Na’vi (derived from Na’vi the People) hahaw sleep) > nail, claw: [tsin] P F n. tsin narrow: [snEp^] P F adj. snep naked, without clothing: [luk."pEn] P F adj. lukpen (c.w. from luke without and pen clot- natural (something in its original, wild, unhing (plural)) modified, untampered-with natural state): > name: [tst'o] P F n. tstxo [jr] P F adj. yrr "

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naturally, without tampering with or changing the nature: [nI."jr] P F adv. nìyrr (derived from yrr natural)" navel: [NEp^] P F n. ngep > near-master: [tsul.fæ.tu."naj] P F n. tsulfätunay (derived from tsulfätu master) nearby, at close range: [a."sim] P F adv. asim (derived from sim near, be near) > nebula: [pI."wop'.tsjIp] P F n. pìwopxtsyìp (derived from pìwopx cloud) lit.: ’little cloud’ necessarily: [nI."zEn] P F adv. nìzen (derived from zene must) necessary: [lE."kin] P F adj. lekin (derived from kin need) neck: [pEwn] P F n. pewn > nectar: [tsmi] P F n. tsmi > nectar lantern, bladder lantern: ["tsmi.snr] P F n. tsmisnrr (c.w. from tsmi nectar and" nrr glow) need: [k·in] P F vtr. kin need: [tI."kin] P F n. tìkin (derived from kin need) needless to say, of course: [kE.zEm.pl."t'E] adv. kezemplltxe (contraction" of PF ke+zene+pivlltxe) nest; protected area serving as the home of > Pandoran fauna: [tsRul] P F n. tsrul net, web: [hæn] P F n. hän never: ["kaw.kr] P F adv. kawkrr (c.w. from ke ’aw not one "and krr time) > nevertheless, even so: [tsal.su."Naj] P F adv. tsalsungay new: [mip^] P F adj. mip newcomer, someone who has just arrived on the scene: [zI."ma.Pu.ju] P F n. zìma’uyu news, something to report: [fmawn] P F n. fmawn next: [haj] P F adj. hay next: [nI."haj] P rr adv. nìhay (derived from hay next) next month: [vo.sp'I."aj] P F n. vospxìay (derived from vospxì month) next time: [ha."ja.lo] P F adv. hayalo (c.w. from hay next and alo time) next week: ["kin.traj] P F n. kintrray (derived " from kintrr week) next weekend: ["mun.tr.aj] P F n. muntrray (derived from muntrr" weekend)

next year: ["zI.sIt.aj] P F n. zìsìtay (derived from zìsìt year) night: [t'on] P F n. txon night-fall, sunset, dusk, gloaming: [t'on."PoN] P F,P rr n. txon’ong (c.w. from txon night and ’ong unfold) no: ["kE.hE] P F part., intj. kehe no (before a noun): ["kE.a] P F adj. kea no action or activity: ["kE.kEm] P F pn., adv. kekem (c.w. from ke not and kem activity) no longer in a natural state, modified, interfered with: ["zæ.fi] P F adj. zäfi no matter what, no matter, whatever: > [kE."tsRan] P F adj., conj. ketsran (c.w. from ke not and tsranten Matter, be of importance) no matter, no matter what, whatever: > [kE."tsRan] P F adj., conj. ketsran (c.w. from ke not and tsranten Matter, be of importance) no way! (vulgar), screw that!: ["p'a.sIk^] P F intj. pxasìk no-one: ["kaw.tu] P F pn. kawtu (c.w. from ke ’aw not one and tute person) noble, great: [nawm] P F adj. nawm noise. sound that is excessive, unnecessary, inappropriate, unexpected or startling: ["hawm.pam] P F n. hawmpam (derived from hawng overabundance and pam sound) noise. ugly or unpleasant sound, screech: ["væ.pam] P F n. väpam (derived from vä unpleasant to the senses and pam sound) noisily: [nI."hawm.pam] P F adv. nìhawmpam (derived from hawmpam noise) noisome, unpleasant to the senses: [væP] P F adj. vä’ noisy: [lE."hawm.pam] P F adj. lehawmpam (derived from hawmpam noise) noon, mid-day: ["k'am.tr] P F n. kxamtrr (c.w. from kxam middle and" trr day) nose: ["on.tu] JC n. ontu > nose ring: ["on.tsaN] P F n. ontsang (c.w. from ontu nose and tsang piercing) not: [kE] P F adv. ke not a bit (used with ke; see ke kaw’it not...at all in phrases), not at all: [kaw."Pit^] P F adv. kaw’it (c.w. from ke ’aw not one and ’it bit) not achieving the desired or expected end, failingly, falteringly, in vain, fruitlessly: [nI."nu] P F adv. nìnu (derived from nui fail, falter)

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not at all, not a bit (used with ke; see ke kaw’it not...at all in phrases): [kaw."Pit^] P F adv. kaw’it (c.w. from ke ’aw not one and ’it bit) not derived from another source, original, > unique: [lE."tsim] P F adj. letsim (derived from tsim source) not hollow, solid: [vawt^] P F adj. vawt not many, few: [nI."hol] P F adv. nìhol (derived from hol few) not necessarily: [kEn."zEn] P F adv. kenzen (c.w. from ke not and nìzen necessarily) not notice, ignore, snub: [J·æk'] P F vtr. yäkx not obtain expected or desired result, fail, falter, go astray: ["n·u.·i] P F vin. nui not only: [kEn."Paw] P F adv. ken’aw (c.w. from ke not and nì’aw only) not physical), strong (emotionally, spiritually, confident: [sEj."k'El] P F adj. seykxel

not right, incorrect, wrong: [kE."jawR] P F adj. keyawr (c.w. from ke not and eyawr correct) not solid, hollow: ["mo.mEk^] P F adj. momek not without bounds, having a limit, finite: ["t'Ew.NaP] P F adj. txewnga’ (c.w. from txew limit and nga’ contain) > note, notice: ["ts·E.R·i] P F vtr. tseri nothing: ["kE.Pu] P F pn. ke’u (c.w. from ke not and ’u thing) > notice, awareness: [tI."tsE.Ri] P F n. tìtseri (derived from tseri note, notice) > notice, note: ["ts·E.R·i] P F vtr. tseri > noun: ["tst'o.lI.Pu] P F n. tstxolì’u (c.w. from tstxo name and lì’u word) now: [sEt^] P F adv. set > nowhere: ["kaw.tsEN] P F adv. kawtseng (c.w. from ke ’aw not one and tseng place) number: [hol."p'aj] P F n. holpxay (c.w. from hol few and pxay many)

O “on top of things”, organized: ["vE.NaP] P F adj. venga’ (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and nga’ contain) O (vocative marker): [ma] P F part. ma obey, heed: [l·Ek^] P F vtr. lek obfuscation, cover up: [tI."wan] P F n. tìwan (derived from wan hide) object, thing (physical or tangible): [zum] P F n. zum obligation, duty, imposed requirement: > [tson] P F n. tson obstruction, barricade: [E."k'an] P F n. ekxan occupation, primary role in society: ["t'in.tIn] P F n. txintìn (c.w. from txin main and tìn activity that keeps one busy) occupy a space, be at: [t·ok^] P F vtr. tok occur to one, pop into one’s mind: ["v·iN.k·ap^] P F vtr. vingkap occur, happen: [l·En] P F vin. len ocean, sea: [t'am."paj] P F n. txampay (c.w. from txan much and pay water) odd, be curious, strange, unexpected: [h·Ek^] P F vin. hek oddly, strangely: [nI."hEk^] P F adv. nìhek (derived from hek be curious, odd) (sentence, not manner, adverbial)

of a small group like a hunting party), leader (typically temporary: ["Ejk.ju] P F n. eykyu (derived from eyk lead) of course, logically, following common sense: [nI."lun] P F adv. nìlun of course, needless to say: [kE.zEm.pl."t'E] adv. kezemplltxe (contraction" of PF ke+zene+pivlltxe) offence, insult: [zop."lo] P F n. zoplo offer: ["st'E.nu] P F n. stxenu (c.w. from stxeli gift and lonu release) offer: ["st'E,nu,t·IN] P F vtr. stxenutìng (derived from stxenu offer, n.) often: [p'Im] P F adv. pxìm OK, that will suffice, that will do: [t·am] P F vin., intj. tam old (opposite of mip): [lal] P F adj. lal nfp. old man: ["ko.ak.tan] P F n. koaktan (derived from koak old, aged) old person: ["ko.ak.tu] P F n. koaktu (derived from koak old, aged) old woman: ["ko.ak.tE] P F n. koakte (derived from koak old, aged) old, aged (for living things): ["ko.ak^] P F adj. koak old, former: ["spu.win] P F adj. spuwin nfp. omen, sign: [a."u.Ni.a] P F n. aungia

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on a daily basis, regularly: [nI."tr.tr] P F adv. nìtrrtrr (derived from trr day) " " on the contrary, conversely: [nI."wæ] P F adv. nìwä on the opposite side, opposite: ["fEw.tu.sok^] P F adj. fewtusok (derived from few– across)(In casual speech, fewtsok (few.tsok) on the same level, equally: [nI."PEN] P F adv. nì’eng (derived from ’engeng level) on, in: [mI] P F adp. mì+ on, onto: [sIn] P F adp. sìn– once: ["Paw.lo] P F adv. ’awlo once (in the past): [Paw."li.E] P F adv. ’awlie one: [Paw] P F num. ’aw one individual: ["Paw.po] P F pn. ’awpo one of a number of repeated or recurring actions, time, turn, instance: ["a.lo] P F n. alo one step down from leader, deputy, general: [Ejk.ta."naj] JC,P F n. eyktanay (derived from eyktan leader) one third, third: [pan] P F n. pan One who is patient: [ma."wEj.pEj.ju] P F n. maweypeyyu (derived from maweypey be patient) one with authority over another, commander: ["k'Im.ju] P F n. kxìmyu (derived from kxìm command, order, assign tasks) one, they (singular usage) (unspecified agent): [fko] P F pn. fko only: [nI."Paw] P F adv. nì’aw (derived from ’aw one) only: [lE."Paw] P F adj. le’aw onto, on: [sIn] P F adp. sìn– oops!: [PæP] P F intj. ’ä’ open: [pi."ak^ s·i] P F vin. piak si (derived from piak open) open or borderless area, space: [Nip^] P F n. ngip open terrain, field, plain: ["t'a.jo] P F n. txayo open, clear (for cloudless skies): [pi."ak^] P F adj. piak opponent: ["wæ.tu] P F n. wätu (derived from wä- against) opportunely, in the right season: [nIk."maR] P F adv. nìkmar (derived from kìmar in season) opportunity, chance: [sk'om] P F n. skxom

opposite, on the opposite side: ["fEw.tu.sok^] P F adj. fewtusok (derived from few– across)(In casual speech, fewtsok (few.tsok) optimally, best: [nI."swEj] P F adv. nìswey (derived from swey best) or: [fu] P F conj. fu or “spirits”, intoxicating beverage: ["swo.a] P F n. swoa or ceremonial apparel (item of), adornment: [i."o.i] P F n. ioi or else, if not, otherwise: ["t'o.kE.fjaw] P F conj. txokefyaw (c.w. from txo-ke-fya’o-’aw if not one path) or get drunk, be: ["R·o.·u] P F vin. rou (example use: rou fa pxir) or group of avatars, clan: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'.o.loP] P F n. uniltìrantokxolo’ (c.w. from uniltìrantokx avatar, dreamwalker body and olo’ clan) or in the role of, something as, in the capacity of, something else: [sko] P F adp. sko+ or metaphorically: having no value, empty: [mEk^] P F adj. mek or not: [fu."kE] P F conj. fuke (c.w. from fu or and ke not) or off of a floating mountain (countable), an individual tall, thin waterfall that pours down a sheer high cliff: [sE."Pajl] P F n. se’ayl or skill, master of an art, craft, expert: > [tsul."fæ.tu] P F n. tsulfätu (derived from tsulfä mastery) or, whether: [ft'Ej] P F conj. ftxey orange, red: ["tum.pin] P F n. tumpin (derived from tun red, orange) orange, red: [tun] P F adj. tun orate, give speech: [ft'·u."lI.Pu] P F vin. ftxulì’u (c.w. from täftxu weave and lì’u word) oration, speech: [sæ.ft'u."lI.Pu] P F n. säftxulì’u (derived from ftxulì’u orate, give speech) orator, (public) speaker: [ft'u."lI.Pu.ju] P F n. ftxulì’uyu (derived from ftxulì’u orate, give speech) order (as opposed to disorder or chaos), organization: ["vEP.o] P F n. ve’o order, command, assign a task: [k'·Im] P F vtr. kxìm ordering, commanding, assigning tasks: [tI."k'Im] P F n. tìkxìm (derived from kxìm command, order, assign tasks)

39

ordinary: [lE."tr.tr] P F adj. letrrtrr (derived from trr day)" " organization, order (as opposed to disorder or chaos): ["vEP.o] P F n. ve’o organize, put in order: [vE.zEj."ko] P F vtr. vezeyko (derived from vezo be in order) organized, “on top of things”: ["vE.NaP] P F adj. venga’ (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and nga’ contain) original, existing at or from the start, first in a series: [lE."sNæ.Pi] P F adj. lesngä’i (derived from sngä’i begin) original, unique, not derived from another > source: [lE."tsim] P F adj. letsim (derived from tsim source) originally, at first: [nI."sNæ.Pi] P F adv. nìsngä’i (derived from sngä’i begin) originally, in an original way, with origina> lity: [nI."tsim] P F adv. nìtsim (derived from tsim source)

other one person or thing: ["la.po] P F pn. lapo (c.w. from lahe other, else and po he, she) other, else: ["la.hE] P F adj. lahe otherwise, if not, or else: ["t'o.kE.fjaw] P F conj. txokefyaw (c.w. from txo-ke-fya’o-’aw if not one path) out of, from inside: ["ftum.fa] P F adp. ftumfa– (derived from mìfa inside) > out there: [kæ."sa.tsEN] P F adv. käsatseng (c.w. from kä go and tseng place) outside: ["wr.pa] P F n., adv. wrrpa oval, ring, " closed shape roughly circular: ["ko.Pon] P F n. ko’on (derived from koum rounded, curved and ’on shape) over, above: ["i.o] P F adp. io– overabundance: [hawN] P F n. hawng overcast (for cloudy skies), closed, shut: > [tstu] P F adj. tstu overcome, pass (a test): [Em."z·a.P·u] P F vtr. emza’u (c.w. from za’u come)

P (piece of) information: [sæ."o.mum] P F n. säomum (derived from omum know) (public) speaker, orator: [ft'u."lI.Pu.ju] P F n. ftxulì’uyu (derived from ftxulì’u orate, give speech) > a piercing: [tsaN] P F n. tsang a possession, something acquired, an acquisition: [sæ."ka.nom] P F n. säkanom (derived from kanom acquire) pain: [tI."sRaw] P F n. tìsraw (derived from sraw painful) painful: [sRaw] P F adj. sraw pair: ["mun.sna] P F n. munsna (derived from mune two and sna’o set, group) panic: [l·op'] P F vin. lopx parent or set of parents: ["saP.sEm] P F n. sa’sem (derived from sa’nok mother and sempul father) part: [ha."p'I] P F n. hapxì pass (a test), overcome: [Em."z·a.P·u] P F vtr. emza’u (c.w. from za’u come) pass by (something): [ft·Em] P F vtr. ftem passion: [tI."ft'a.vaN] P F n. tìftxavang (derived from ftxavang passionate) passionate: ["ft'a.vaN] P F adj. ftxavang

passionately, with all heart: [nI."ft'a.vaN] P F adv. nìftxavang (derived from ftxavang passionate) past: [ftaw."nEm.kr] P F n. ftawnemkrr (c.w. " pass by (passive participle from ft«awn»em form) and krr time) path, way, manner: ["fja.Po] P F n. fya’o patience: [tIm."wEj.pEj] P F n. tìmweypey (derived from maweypey be patient) patient: [lEm."wEj.pEj] P F adj. lemweypey (derived from maweypey be patient) patiently: [nIm."wEj.pEj] P F adv. nìmweypey (derived from maweypey be patient) pattern: ["RE.nu] P F n. renu pay attention, quit goofing off: ["El.tu s·i] P F vin. eltu si (derived from eltu brain) peace, well-being, happiness: [fpom] P F n. fpom peaceful, happy, joyous, pleasant: [lE."fpom] P F adj. lefpom (derived from fpom happiness, peace) nfp. peacefully, calmly: [nIm."wEj] P F adv. nìmwey (derived from mawey calm) pebble, small stone polished smooth by na> tural forces: ["tsk'E.vi] P F n. tskxevi (derived from tskxe rock, stone)

40

peel: ["fk·a.R·ut^] P F v. fkarut pendulum drum: [wok."a.u] JC,P F n. wokau (c.w. from wok loud and au drum) perceive, feel, sense: ["P·E.f·u] P F vtr. ’efu perfection: [tI."yoP^] P F n. tìyo’ (derived from yo’ be perfect) perfectly, flawlessly: [nI."joP^] P F adv. nìyo’ (derived from yo’ be perfect) perform a ritual, take part in a ceremony: [sæ."PE.o.i.o s·i] P F vin. sä’eoio si (derived from sä’eoio ceremony) perform a task, run an errand: ["tIn.vi s·i] P F vin. tìnvi si (derived from tìnvi task, errand) perhaps, maybe: [k'awm] P F adv. kxawm perimeter, circumference, border: ["p'aw.pa] P F n. pxawpa (c.w. from pxaw around and pa’o side) person: ["tu.tE] P F n. tute personal belongings rack: ["snok.fjan] P F n. snokfyan (c.w. from sno his self, her self, its self and kurfyan hamper or suspended rack) personal style or aesthetic, presence: ["sno.lup^] P F n. snolup (c.w. from sno self and lupra style) personally meaningful, significant: [t'an.wa."wE] P F adj. txanwawe (c.w. from txan much and wawe significance) personally significant or beloved place, hei> mat (ger.): [t'an."wE.tsEN] P F n. txanwetseng (derived from txanwawe(a) personally meaningful, significant and tseng place) pervasively, widely: [nI."ho.Et^] P F adv. nìhoet (derived from hoet vast, broad, expansive) philosophy: [sna."fpIl.fja] P F n. snafpìlfya (c.w. from sna’o group and fpìlfya way of thinking) lit.: ’a group of mindsets’ physical or athletic game, sport: [u."van lE."tok'] P F n. uvan letokx (c.w. from uvan game and letokx physical) physical, bodily: [lE."tok'] P F adj. letokx (derived from tokx body) pick up, lift: ["k'·El.t·Ek] P F vtr. kxeltek picture, image: [REl] P F n. rel piece of work, project: [tI."kaN.kEm.vi] P F n. tìkangkemvi (derived from tìkangkem work) pile, set, group, clump, stand: ["sna.Po] P F n. sna’o nfp. > place: ["tsEN(E)] P F n. tseng(e)

> place in the middle, center: ["k'am.tsEN] P F n. kxamtseng (c.w. from kxam middle and tseng place) place where a fire is burning or has burned: > ["t'Ep.tsEN] P F n. txeptseng (c.w. from txep fire and tseng place) > place where, where: ["tsE.Na] P F conj. tsenga (derived from tseng place) place, put: [j·Em] P F vtr. yem plain, field, open terrain: ["t'a.jo] P F n. txayo plan, preparations: [tI."hawl] P F n. tìhawl (derived from hawl prepare) plant: ["PE.wl] P F n. ’ewll " plate, (for food): ["jom.jo] P F n. yomyo (c.w. from yom eat and yo table, elevated utilitarian surface (colloquial form of fyanyo)) play (a game): [u."van "s·i] P F vin. uvan si (derived from uvan game) play music (with fa for instrument played): > ["pam.tsE.o "s·i] P F vin. pamtseo si (derived from pamtseo music) play music, make to sing (poetic): [REj."kol] P F vtr. reykol (derived from rol sing and «eyk» causitive infix) pleasant smell of nearby running water, rain, moist vegetation: [so."sul] P F adj. sosul pleasant sounding, beautiful sounding: [mIk."loR] P F adj. miklor (derived from mikyun ear and lor beautiful) pleasant to the senses, beautiful: [loR] P F adj. lor pleasant, happy, peaceful, joyous: [lE."fpom] P F adj. lefpom (derived from fpom happiness, peace) nfp. please: [Ru."t'E] P F intj. rutxe pleasing, enjoyable (physically, sexually): [mo."wan] P F adj. mowan pleasurable (of an activity): ["pr.tEP] P F adj. " prrte’ pleasurably, gladly, with pleasure: [nI."pr.tEP] " P F adv. nìprrte’ (derived from prrte’ pleasurable) pleasure: [tI."pr.tEP] P F n. tìprrte’ (derived " from prrte’ pleasurable) pleasure-yielding activity, hobby: [sæ."su.lIn] P F n. säsulìn (derived from sulìn be busy (positive sense)) pod, gourd: [PE."Pin] P F n. ’e’in point at, indicate: [v·l] P F vin., vtr. vll "

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point of contention, source of argument, thing disputed: [sæ.wæ."tE] P F n. säwäte (derived from wäte argue) point of divergence, fork, branch: [jak^] P F n. yak point, feature, trait, attribute, characteristic, aspect, facet, property: [sjon] P F n. syon pointedly, especially, unambiguously: [nI."p'i] P F adv. nìpxi (derived from pxi sharp) poison: [t'um] P F n. txum poisonous: ["t'um.NaP] P F adj. txumnga’ (derived from txum poison and nga’ contain) pole, bar, rod: [swEk^] P F n. swek poncho, cape, shawl: ["Pa.RE] P F n. ’are > pond, pool: ["Po.Ra.tsjIp^] P F n. ’oratsyìp (derived from ’ora lake) > pool, pond: ["Po.Ra.tsjIp^] P F n. ’oratsyìp (derived from ’ora lake) pop into one’s mind, occur to one: ["v·iN.k·ap^] P F vtr. vingkap > position: ["kl.tsEN] P F n. klltseng (derived from " tseng place) > possibility: [tI."tsun.slu] P F n. tìtsunslu (derived from tsunslu may, be possible) > possible: [lE."tsun.slu] P F adj. letsunslu (derived from tsunslu may, be possible) post script (P.S.), addition: [tI."suN] LN n. t (derived from sung add) post script, addition: [tI."suN] LN n. tìsung (derived from sung add) postpositional non-bound verb do, auxiliary verb, make: [s·i] P F si deriving affix pour: [sl·o."·an] P F vtr. sloan power, strength: [tI."t'uR] P F n. tìtxur (derived from txur strong) powerful: ["t'an.tuR] P F adj. txantur (c.w. from txan much and txur strong) ofp. powerful: [tI."t'uR. NaP] P F adj. tìtxurnga’ (derived from tìtxur strength, power) nfp. precise, fine, detailed, intricate (of things): [hI."no] P F adj. hìno predator animal: ["taR.ni.o.ang] P F n. tarnioang (c.w. from taron hunt and ioang animal) predict, prophetize, prophesize, prophesy: [sRE.s·E."P·a] P F vtr. srese’a (c.w. from sre+ before and tse’a see) prefer (ii): [nul."n·Ew] P F vtrm. nulnew (derived from new want)

preparations, plan: [tI."hawl] P F n. tìhawl (derived from hawl prepare) prepare: [h·awl] P F vtr. hawl presence, personal style or aesthetic: ["sno.lup^] P F n. snolup (c.w. from sno self and lupra style) present: ["sE.kr] P F n. sekrr (c.w. from set now " and krr time) present, introduce: [mu.w·In."t'·u] P F vtr. muwìntxu (derived from wìntxu show) pretty: [sE."vin] P F adj. sevin ofp. (female) previous: [ham] P F adj. ham prey, hunted thing: [smaR] P F n. smar pride, feeling of pride: ["nr.a] P F n. nrra " primary role in society, occupation: ["t'in.tIn] P F n. txintìn (c.w. from txin main and tìn activity that keeps one busy) primary, main: [t'in] P F adj. txin private space that one can retreat to: ["sno.mo] P F n. snomo (c.w. from sno his or her self and mo space) probable, probably: ["sk'a.kEp^] P F adj., adv. skxakep probably, probable: ["sk'a.kEp^] P F adj., adv. skxakep problem, difficulty: [tI."Næ.zIk^] P F n. tìngäzìk (derived from ngäzìk difficult) procedure, system, process, approach: ["vE.fja] P F n. vefya (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and fya’o way, manner) proceed after, follow: [n·oN] P F vtr. nong proceed, go: [s·a."l·Ew] P F v. salew process, system, procedure, approach: ["vE.fja] P F n. vefya (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and fya’o way, manner) produce: [slEj."k·u] P F vtr. sleyku (derived from slu become and «eyk» causative infix) project, piece of work: [tI."kaN.kEm.vi] P F n. tìkangkemvi (derived from tìkangkem work) proliferate, spread: [v·i."R·æ] P F v. virä promise: ["pæ.nu] P F n. pänu promise (a thing to someone) (ii): ["pæ.nu.t·IN] P F vtr. pänutìng (c.w. from pänu promise and tìng give) pronunciation, accent: ["lI.Pu.pam] P F n. lì’upam (c.w. from lì’u word and pam sound) proof (particular instance): [sæ.wI."Naj] P F n. säwìngay (derived from wìngay proof )

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proof, proving (abstract): [tI.wI."Naj] P F n. tìwìngay (derived from wìngay prove) propel: ["sp·u.l·E] P F vtr. spule proper, fair, right, justified: [mu."i.æ] P F adj. muiä property, feature, trait, attribute, characteristic, point, aspect, facet: [sjon] P F n. syon prophecy: [tI."sRE.sE.Pa] P F n. tìsrese’a (derived from srese’a prophetize) prophesize, prophetize, prophesy, predict: [sRE.s·E."P·a] P F vtr. srese’a (c.w. from sre+ before and tse’a see) prophesy, prophetize, prophesize, predict: [sRE.s·E."P·a] P F vtr. srese’a (c.w. from sre+ before and tse’a see) prophetize, prophesize, prophesy, predict: [sRE.s·E."P·a] P F vtr. srese’a (c.w. from sre+ before and tse’a see) protect: [tI."haw.nu "s·i] P F vin. tìhawnu si (derived from tìhawnu protection) protect, shelter: ["h·aw.n·u] P F vtr. hawnu protection: [tI."haw.nu] P F n. tìhawnu (derived from hawnu protect, shelter) proud: [lE."nr.a] P F adj. lenrra (derived from nrra pride)" proudly, with pride: [nI."nr.a] P F adv. nìnrra (derived from nrra pride)" prove: [w·I."Naj] P F vtr. wìngay (derived from wìntxu show and ngay true) proving (abstract), proof: [tI.wI."Naj] P F n. tìwìngay (derived from wìngay prove)

public speaking, speech-making: [tI.ft'u."lI.Pu] P F n. tìftxulì’u (derived from ftxulì’u orate, give speech) pull: [za."P·æ.R·Ip^] P F vtr. za’ärìp (derived from ’ärìp move) pun, word-play: ["lI.Pu.van] P F n. lì’uvan (c.w. from lì’u word and uvan game) purple, violet, magenta: ["Pom.pin] P F n. ’ompin (derived from ’om purple) purple, violet, magenta: [Pom] P F adj. ’om purpose, aim, goal, target: [tI."kan] P F n. tìkan (derived from kan aim) purposefully, deliberately: [nIt."kan] P F adv. nìtkan (derived from tìkan aim, goal, purpose) push: [kæ."P·æ.R·Ip^] P F vtr. kä’ärìp (c.w. from kä go and ’ärìp move) put away, store: [n·op'] P F vtr. nopx put in order, organize: [vE.zEj."ko] P F vtr. vezeyko (derived from vezo be in order) put on (clothing), don: ["j·Em.stok'] P F vtr. yemstokx (c.w. from yem sìn put on and tokx body) put, place: [j·Em] P F vtr. yem putrid, smell of decaying animal/flesh, rotting: ["k'æ.næN] P F adj. kxänäng puzzling, mysterious, enigmatic: ["iN.jE.NaP] P F adj. ingyenga’ (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery)

Q quickly, fast: [nI."win] P F adv. nìwin (derived from win fast) question: [tI."pawm] P F n. tìpawm (derived from pawm ask) > queue, braid: [tswin] P F n. tswin quiet: [tI."fnu.NaP] P F adj. tìfnunga’ (derived from fnu quiet) nfp. quiet, be quiet: [fn·u] P F vin. fnu

quiet, silence: [tI."fnu] P F n. tìfnu (derived from fnu quiet) quit goofing off, pay attention: ["El.tu s·i] P F vin. eltu si (derived from eltu brain) quiver (attached to ikran’s saddle): [swi."zaw.sE.na] P F n. swizawsena (c.w. from swizaw arrow and sähena carrier) quote, saying: [san] P F adv. san

R rain: ["tom.pa] P F n. tompa

raindrop: ["tom.pI.va] P F n. tompìva (derived from tompa rain and ìlva drop)

rain, pleasant smell of nearby running water, rainstorm, heavy rain: [t'an."tom.pa] P F n. txmoist vegetation: [so."sul] P F adj. sosul antompa (c.w. from txan much and tompa 43

rain) random, irregular: ["RE.nul.kE] P F adj. renulke (derived from renu pattern and luke without) rather (self-correcting), I mean: [ko."lan] P F intj. kolan (derived from kan aim, intend) rather than, instead of: [tup^] P F conj. tup ray: [a."tan.vi] P F n. atanvi (derived from atan light) reach for: [w·o] P F vtr. wo reach the ground, land: [kl."p·æ] P F vin. kllpä " pähem arrive) (c.w. from kllte ground and read (e.g. the forest), gain knowledge from sensory input: [·i."n·an] P F vtr. inan (stress moves to first syllable with infixation) reading: ["ti.nan] P F n. tinan (derived from inan read) ready: [a."lak.si] P F adj. alaksi rear (part or section): [kæ."p'I] P F n. käpxì (c.w. from kä go and hapxì part) rear end, butt, ass: [t'Im] P F n. txìm reason: [lun] P F n. lun recede from view, disappear, vanish: [P·Ip] P F vin. ’ìp receive: [t·El] P F vtr. tel recent: [sok^] P F adj. sok red, orange: ["tum.pin] P F n. tumpin (derived from tun red, orange) red, orange: [tun] P F adj. tun reflect, imitate: ["RIP.IR s·i] P F vin. rì’ìr si (derived from rì’ìr reflection) reflection: ["RIP.IR] P F n. rì’ìr > refuge, safe place: ["zoN.tsEN] P F n. zongtseng (c.w. from zong save and tseng place) refuse (to do something): [st·o] P F vtrm. sto regarding language, concerning language: [lE."lIP.fja] P F adj. lelì’fya (derived from lì’fya language) regularly, on a daily basis: [nI."tr.tr] P F adv. nìtrrtrr (derived from trr day) " " rein, face lead: [sæ."zæ.RIp^] RL,P F n. säzärìp (derived from za’ärìp pull) > reject: [tsj·æR] P F vtr. tsyär > rejection: [tI."tsjæR] P F n. tìtsyär (derived from tsyär reject) relate to, connect, have a relationship with: ["t·a.R·E] P F vtr. tare related to this matter, in this regard: [mI."ft'E.lE] P F adv. mìftxele

relationship, connection: [sæ."ta.RE] P F n. sätare (derived from tare connect, relate to) relax, chill out: [sj·oR] P F vin. syor relaxation: [tI."sjor] P F n. tìsyor (derived from syor relax) release, let go: [l·o."n·u] P F vtr. lonu relieve oneself; (on Earth) use the restroom, go to the bathroom: [fN·æP] P F vin. fngä’ rely on, depend on, trust for protection: [m·oN] P F vtr. mong remain, stay: [P·I."P·awn] P F vin. ’ì’awn remember: ["z·E.R·ok^] P F vtr. zerok remembrance: [Pok^] P F n. ’ok remove, take away, take off: ["P·a.k·u] P F vtr. ’aku repeat, do again: [l·Ejn] P F vtr. leyn replace, substitute: [R·awn] P F vtr. rawn replacement, substitute, something that replaces something else: [sæ."Rawn] P F n. särawn (derived from rawn replace) replacement, the act of replacing: [tI."Rawn] P F n. tìrawn (derived from rawn replace) represent, model, exemplify (ii): ["k·E.n·oN] or ["kE.n·oN] P F vin. kenong (c.w. from ke not and nong follow) request: [æ."t'æ.lE] P F n. ätxäle request (with tsnì clause for object): [æ."t'æ.lE "s·i] P F vin. ätxäle si (derived from ätxäle request) request, ask for: [v·in] P F vtr. vin require, demand: [fN·oP] P F vtr. fngo’ requirement, demand: [sæ."fNoP] P F n. säfngo’ (derived from fngo’ require) researcher: [tI.fti".a.tu] P F n. tìftiatu (derived from tìftia study) resemble in a sensory modality, come to the senses as: [fk·an] P F vin. fkan respect: [lE.i.o."a.E] P F n. leioae respond, answer: [P·EjN] P F v. ’eyng response, answer: [tI."PEjN] P F n. tì’eyng (derived from ’eyng answer) > rest: [ts·u."R·ok'] P F vin. tsurokx restore: [sp·EN] P F vtr. speng restore oneself (metaphorically): [spæ."p·EN] P F vin. späpeng (derived from speng restore) > restroom (on Earth): ["fNæP.tsEN] P F n. fngä’tseng (c.w. from fngä’ relieve oneself and tseng place)

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restroom (on Earth): ["mo a "fNæP] P F n. mo a fngä’ (c.w. from mo space, enclosed open area and (a) fngä’ relieve oneself ) result: [kum] P F n. kum return: [t·æ."t'·aw] P F vin. tätxaw reveal, bring forth, uncover (literally and metaphorically): ["k·u.l·at^] P F vtr. kulat rhyme: ["Nam.pam] P F n. ngampam (c.w. from ngam echo and pam sound) rhyme: ["Nam.pam s·i] P F vin. ngampam si (derived from ngampam rhyme) rhythm: ["ka.to] P F n. kato rich, savory, umami: [fwaN] P F adj. fwang riddle, mystery, enigma, conundrum: > ["iN.jEn.tsim] P F n. ingyentsim (c.w. from ingyen feeling of mystery and tsim source) ride: ["m·ak.t·o] P F vtr. makto ride out: [kæ."m·ak.t·o] P F v. kämakto (c.w. from kä go and makto ride) right (not left): ["ski.En] P F adj. skien right after: [p'i."maw] P F adp. pximaw– (c.w. from maw after (time) and pxi sharp) right before: [p'i."sRE] P F adp. pxisre+ (c.w. from sre before (time) and pxi sharp) right now: [p'i."sEt^] P F adv. pxiset (c.w. from set now and pxi sharp) right side: ["ski.Em.pa] P F n. skiempa (c.w. from skien right and pa’o side) right way (of doing something), correct path: [e."jawR.fya] P F n. eyawrfya (derived from eyawr correct, right and fya’o path, way, manner) right, correct: [E."jawR] P F adj. eyawr right, proper, fair, justified: [mu."i.æ] P F adj. muiä right?, isn’t it?: [kE."fjak^] P F,P rr part. kefyak (c.w. from ke fya not the way and srak question marker) rightly, correctly: [nI."jawR] P F adv. nìyawr (derived from eyawr correct, right) rightly, erectly: [nI."p'im] P F adv. nìpxim (derived from pxim erect, upright) ring, oval, closed shape roughly circular: ["ko.Pon] P F n. ko’on (derived from koum

rounded, curved and ’on shape) ripe, mature, adult: [fjEjn] P F adj. fyeyn ripeness, maturity, full fruition: [tI."fjEjn] P F n. tìfyeyn (derived from fyeyn ripe, mature) rise to a challenge: [s·a] P F vin. sa rite, ceremony, ritual: [sæ."PE.o.i.o] P F n. sä’eoio (derived from ’eoio ceremonious) ritual, ceremony, rite: [sæ."PE.o.i.o] P F n. sä’eoio (derived from ’eoio ceremonious) river: [kil."van] P F n. kilvan > rock, stone: [tsk'E] P F n. tskxe rod, bar, pole: [swEk^] P F n. swek roll: ["P·r.k·o] P F vin. ’rrko " root: [Nr] P F n. ngrr " rope: ["t'uR.tel] P F n. txurtel (c.w. from txur strong and telem cord) rot, decay, degrade over time: [sn·æm] P F vin. snäm rotate on an axis, turn: [m·In] P F vin. mìn Mìn ne ftärpa Turn to the left rotting, smell of decaying animal/flesh, putrid: ["k'æ.næN] P F adj. kxänäng rough: [Ek'."t'u] P F adj. ekxtxu roughly, approximately: [wum] P F adv. wum rounded, curved: ["ko.um] P F adj. koum > rubbish place, garbage dump: ["sNEl.tsEN] P F n. sngeltseng (c.w. from sngel garbage and tseng place) rubbish, garbage, trash: [sNEl] P F n. sngel rule, guideline: [ko."REn] P F n. koren run: [t·ul] P F vin. tul run an errand, perform a task: ["tIn.vi s·i] P F vin. tìnvi si (derived from tìnvi task, errand) rung , shelf, ledge, level, step: [jI] P F n. yì (Can also be used metaphorically to refer to the level of anything scalable - anything that can have levels or degrees, highs and lows, water level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.) running attack, charge: [k'l] P F n. kxll " rush something, make something fast: ["win "s·i] P F vin. win si (derived from win fast)

45

S > (sense of) hearing: ["stawm.tswo] P F n. stawmtswo (derived from stawm hear) > > (sense of) sight, vision: [tsE."Pa.tswo] P F n. tse’atswo (derived from tse’a see) > (sense of) smell: ["hE.fi.tswo] P F n. hefitswo (derived from hefi smell) > (sense of) taste: ["Ewk.tswo] P F n. ewktswo (derived from ewku taste) > (sense of) touch: ["zIm.tswo] P F n. zìmtswo (derived from zìm touch) a showing, an exhibition: [sæ.wIn."t'u] P F n. säwìntxu (derived from wìntxu show) a single drop or series of smaller waterfalls occurring sequentially along a stream or series of pools (countable): ["sja.nan] P F n. syanan a small amount (abstract), a bit: [nI."Pit^] P F adv. nì’it (derived from ’it bit, a small amount) a small amount, bit: [Pit^] P F n. ’it a suggestion: [sæ."mok^] P F n. sämok (derived from mok suggest) sacred: [swok^] P F adj. swok sacred place: ["swo.tu] P F n. swotu sad: [tI.kE."ft'o.NaP] P F adj. tìkeftxonga’ (derived from keftxo unhappy) nfp. sadly, unfortunately: [nI.kE."ft'o] P F adv. nìkeftxo (derived from keftxo unhappy) sadness: [tI.kE."ft'o] P F n. tìkeftxo (derived from keftxo unhappy) safe: ["k'u.kE] P F adj. kxuke (c.w. from kxu harm and ke not) > safe place, refuge: ["zoN.tsEN] P F n. zongtseng (c.w. from zong save and tseng place) safely: [nI."zaw.noN] P F adv. nìzawnong (derived from «awn» passive participle infix and zong save) safety: [tI."k'u.kE] P F n. tìkxuke (derived from kxuke safe) salty: [wip^] P F adj. wip same time as, while: [tEN."kr] P F conj. tengkrr (c.w. from teng same, equal" and krr time) same way as (similar action), as: [nI."tEN.fja] P F adv. nìtengfya (derived from tengfya as, same way as (conj.)) same way as (situational similarity), as: ["tEN.fja] P F conj. tengfya (c.w. from teng sa-

me, equal and fya’o path) same, equal: [tEN] P F adj. teng sample, taste, try, evaluate, check out, testdrive: [m·ajP] P F vtrm. may’ sand: ["nE.ni] P F n. neni satiated, satisfied, content, full: [jE] P F adj. ye satisfied from hunger, full: ["jE.hak'] P F adj. yehakx (derived from ye full and ohakx hungry) satisfied from thirst by drink, feeling quenched, slaked: ["jE.væN] P F adj. yeväng (derived from ye satisfied and väng thirsty) satisfied, content, satiated, full: [jE] P F adj. ye Saturday: [tr."ki.vE] P F n. trrkive (c.w. from trr " day and kive seventh) save, defend: [z·oN] P F vtr. zong savory, umami, rich: [fwaN] P F adj. fwang say hello, greet: [kal."t'I "s·i] P F vin. kaltxì si (derived from kaltxì hello) say something concerning, discourse on, talk about: [l·awk^] P F vtr. lawk saying, quote: [san] P F adv. san > scale (pulling entire body up), climb: [tsj·Il] P F vtr. tsyìl scary, frightening: [t'Ewm] P F adj. txewm > school: ["num.tsEN] P F n. numtseng (c.w. from nume learn and tseng place) science, the study of the physical world: [tI.fti".a ki."fkE.jæ] P F n. tìftia kifkeyä (c.w. from tìftia study and kifkey world) scientist: [tI.fti"a.tu k."fkEJ.Jæ] P F n. tìftiatu kifkeyä (c.w. from tìftiatu researcher and kifkey world) scream: [z·awN] P F vin. zawng screech, noise. ugly or unpleasant sound: ["væ.pam] P F n. väpam (derived from vä unpleasant to the senses and pam sound) screw that!, no way! (vulgar): ["p'a.sIk^] P F intj. pxasìk sea, ocean: [t'am."paj] P F n. txampay (c.w. from txan much and pay water) seal, make impervious: [fy·El] P F vtr. fyel search, look for, seek: [fw·Ew] P F vtr. fwew season: ["zI.sI.kr] P F n. zìsìkrr (derived from zìsìt year and" krr time) second (ordinal): ["mu.vE] P F adj. muve (derived from mune two)

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> second, little moment: ["swaw.tsjIp^] P F n. swawtsyìp (derived from swaw moment) second, very short time: ["hI.kr] P F n. hìkrr (c.w. from hì’i little, small and" krr time) secretly, in hiding, by hiding: [nI."wan] P F adv. nìwan (derived from wan hide) > see (physical sense): [ts·E."P·a] P F vtr. tse’a see into, see, understand, know (spiritual sense): ["k·a.m·E] P F vtr. kame see, see into, understand, know (spiritual sense): ["k·a.m·E] P F vtr. kame seed: [Ri."naP] P F n. rina’ (derived from atokirina’ seeds of the great tree) seek, look for, search: [fw·Ew] P F vtr. fwew seem, appear: [l·am] P F vin. lam self-pride (negative connotation): [sno."nr.a] " P F n. snonrra (c.w. from sno his/her self and nrra pride) selfishness, individuality (negative connotation): [tI."Paw.po] P F n. tì’awpo (derived from ’awpo one individual) send: [fp·EP] P F vtr. fpe’ sense (means of perception): [i."nan.fja] P F n. inanfya (c.w. from inan read, gain knowledge from sensory input and fya’o ‘path, way) sense, feel, perceive: ["P·E.f·u] P F vtr. ’efu series of step-like levels, staircase: [sna."jI] P F n. snayì (derived from yì level, step) serve: [kI.tE."PE "s·i] P F vin. kìte’e si (derived from kìte’e service) > served meal, dinner: ["wu.tso] P F n. wutso service: [kI.tE."PE] P F n. kìte’e set, group, pile, clump, stand: ["sna.Po] P F n. sna’o nfp. seven: ["ki.næ] P F num. kinä seventh (ordinal): ["ki.vE] P F adj. kive (derived from kinä seven) several, a few: ["Pa.Paw] P F adj. ’a’aw (Used with countable nouns in the singular form) sexually), pleasing, enjoyable (physically: [mo."wan] P F adj. mowan shades of white, light colors: [nEjn] P F adj. neyn shadow: [uk^] P F n. uk (derived from toruk last shadow) shallow (physically): [REN] P F adj. reng nfp. shaman: [ti."RE.tu] P F n. tiretu (derived from tirea spirit and tute person) shape, form: [Pon] P F n. ’on

sharp (as a blade): [lit'] P F adj. litx sharp (as a point): [p'i] P F adj. pxi shawl, poncho, cape: ["Pa.RE] P F n. ’are she (no plural form: use (ay)fo): [po."E] P F pn. poe (derived from po he, she) she, he: [po] P F pn. po shelf: ["fjan.jI] P F n. fyanyì (c.w. from fyan constructed device for keeping something off the ground and clean and yì shelf, ledge, level, step, rung) shelf, ledge, level, step, rung : [jI] P F n. yì (Can also be used metaphorically to refer to the level of anything scalable - anything that can have levels or degrees, highs and lows, water level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.) shell (from the ocean): [sum] P F n. sum shelter, protect: ["h·aw.n·u] P F vtr. hawnu shift position, move: [R·ik'] P F vin. rikx shoe: [hawn."vEn] P F n. hawnven (c.w. from hawnu protect and venu foot) shoot: [t·Em] P F vin. tem shoot: [t·ol."t·Em] P F vtr. toltem short (of time): [jol] P F adj. yol short (physical length): [pup^] P F adj. pup shortly (of time), briefly: [nI."jol] P F adv. nìyol (derived from yol short (of time)) should: ["swEj.l·u] P F v. sweylu (derived from swey best and lu is) shoulder: ["PEt.naw] P F n. ’etnaw shove, kick: [p'·Ek^] P F vtr. pxek show: [w·In."t'·u] P F vtr. wìntxu show enthusiasm for, be enthusiastic about, be excited about: ["s·oP.h·a] P F vtr. so’ha (Note: Being enthusiastic is always transitive in Na’vi -PF) shut, closed, overcast (for cloudy skies): > [tstu] P F adj. tstu shy, timid: [nim] P F adj. nim > sibling: [tsmuk^] P F n. tsmuk > sibling: ["tsmuk.tu] P F n. tsmuktu (derived from tsmuk sibling) sick: [sp'in] P F adj. spxin sickness, disease, illness: [sæ."sp'in] P F n. säspxin (derived from spxin sick) sickness, the state of being ill: [tI."sp'in] P F n. tìspxin (derived from spxin sick) side: ["pa.Po] P F n. pa’o sight, look, appearance: [PuR] P F n. ’ur

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sign, omen: [a."u.Ni.a] P F n. aungia significance, meaning, importance: [wa."wE] P F n. wawe significant, personally meaningful: [t'an.wa."wE] P F adj. txanwawe (c.w. from txan much and wawe significance) significantly, meaningfully: [nI.wa."wE] P F adv. nìwawe (derived from wawe meaning, significance) silence, quiet: [tI."fnu] P F n. tìfnu (derived from fnu quiet) silently: [nI."fnu] P F adv. nìfnu (derived from fnu quiet) similar: [stEN] P F adj. steng similarly: [nI."stEN] P F adv. nìsteng (derived from steng similar) simple: [fjin] P F adj. fyin simple, easy: ["ftu.E] P F adj. ftue since (temporal): [ta."kr.a] P F conj. takrra vari" krr time and ta from) ant of akrrta (c.w. from since (temporal): [a."kr.ta] P F conj. akrrta vari" ant of takrra (c.w. from krr time and ta from) sing: [R·ol] P F v. rol sing: ["waj "s·i] P F vin. way si (derived from way song) sing wordlessly, give out a tune or melody: [t·IN lawR] P F vin. tìng lawr (derived from lawr melody) single-person hammock: ["sno.ni.vi] P F n. snonivi (c.w. from sno his/her self and nivi sleeping hammock) > sister: ["tsmu.kE] P F n. tsmuke (derived from tsmuk sibling) sit: [h·Ejn] P F vin. heyn situation, state, condition: [tI."fkEj.tok^] P F n. tìfkeytok (derived from fkeytok exist) six: ["pu.kap^] P F num. pukap sixth (ordinal): ["pu.vE] P F adj. puve (derived from pukap six) sixty four: [zam] P F num. zam > size: [tsawl."hIP] P F n. tsawlhì’ (c.w. from tsawl big (in size) and hì’i small (in size)) skeleton: [sna."t'æ.REm] P F n. snatxärem (c.w. from sna’o group and txärem bone) lit.: ’set of bones’ skin: ["taP.lEN] P F n. ta’leng skin blue: ["taP.lE.NE.an] P F adj. ta’lengean (c.w. from ta’leng skin and ean blue) skull: ["tEk.RE] P F n. tekre

sky: [taw] P F n. taw slaked, satisfied from thirst by drink, feeling quenched: ["jE.væN] P F adj. yeväng (derived from ye satisfied and väng thirsty) slap, strike, beat: ["t·a.k·uk^] P F vtr. takuk sleep: ["h·a.h·aw] P F vin. hahaw sleeping hammock (general term): ["ni.vi] P F n. nivi sleet: ["tom.pER.wI] P F n. tomperwì (derived from tompa rain and herwì snow) sleight of hand, trick, clever/special metho> dology: ["iN.jEn.tsjIp^] P F n. ingyentsyìp (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery) slide, slip: [fw·i] P F vin. fwi slip, slide: [fw·i] P F vin. fwi slow: [kI."PoN] P F adj. kì’ong slowly: [nIk."PoN] P F adv. nìk’ong (derived from kì’ong slow) small (in quantity): [hIm] P F adj. hìm small part, minority, least: [hIm."p'I] P F n. hìmpxì small stone polished smooth by natural for> ces, pebble: ["tsk'E.vi] P F n. tskxevi (derived from tskxe rock, stone) small, little (in size): ["hI.Pi] P F adj. hì’i smart (thing), clever: [sIl."Ron.sEm] P F adj. sìlronsem (c.w. from sìltsan good and ronsem mind) smart, intelligent: ["ka.nu] P F adj. kanu ofp. smell: [fa."hEw] P F n. fahew smell: [t·IN "on.tu] JC,P F vin. tìng ontu (derived from tìng give and ontu nose) smell (not intentionally): ["h·E.f·i] P F vtr. hefi smell of decaying animal/flesh, rotting, putrid: ["k'æ.næN] P F adj. kxänäng smell of decaying wood and leaves, dank (non-animal decay): [NEt^] P F adj. nget smell of living animals, as found around a watering hole: [a."t'aR] P F adj. atxar smile: ["lr.tok^] P F n. lrrtok " smile: ["lr.tok^ "s·i] P F vin. lrrtok si (derived " from lrrtok smile) smoke: ["k'E.nER] P F n. kxener > smoke (lit. to suck smoke): [tsw·k k'E.nER.t] P F,D vin. tswìk kxenerit (c.w. from tswìk suck and kxener smoke) smooth: ["fa.o.i] P F adj. faoi smooth (for motion), steady: [lER] P F adj. ler > snack, light meal: [tsjEj] P F n. tsyey

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snap in two, break: [k'·ak'] P F vin. kxakx sneaky (of a person), dodgy: [lEt."wan] P F adj. letwan (derived from tute person and wan hide) snow: ["hER.wI] P F n. herwì snow field: ["hER.t'a.jo] P F n. hertxayo (derived from herwì snow and txayo field) snow flurry: [hER."mEjp^] P F n. hermeyp (derived from herwì snow and meyp weak) snowflake: ["hER.wI.va] P F n. herwìva (derived from herwì snow and ìlva flake) snub: [sæ."Jæk'] P F n. säyäkx (derived from yäkx not notice, ignore, snub) snub, not notice, ignore: [J·æk'] P F vtr. yäkx snubbing, lack of notice: [tI."Jæk'] P F n. tìyäkx (derived from yäkx not notice, ignore, snub) so much as, even: [kEN] P F adv. keng so that not, lest: ["ftE.kE] P F conj. fteke (c.w. from fte so that and ke not) (with subjunctive verb in dependant clause) so that, in order to: [ftE] P F conj. fte (with subjunctive verb in dependant clause) so, in that case: [ha] P F adv. ha so, to such an extent: [fI."t'an] P F adv. fìtxan (derived from txan great, much) so, to such an extent: [nI."ft'an] P F adv. nìftxan (derived from fìtxan so, to such an extent) so-so, mediocre: [kE."sRan] P F adj. kesran (c.w. from ke not and sran yes) (The derivation of this word is not entirely clear. It may have originally been kesrankekehe, literally, ‘not yes, not no,’ in reference to whether a certain action was performed well or not, and over time it became shortened to just kesran, its use expanding to include anything only mediocre in quality.) social or personal support) , support (emotional: [tI."slan] P F n. tìslan (derived from slan support) ofp. social or personal support), support (emotional: [sl·an] P F vtr. slan ofp. socially unacceptable, coarse, vulgar: [ræp."tum] P F adj. räptum soft (of a sound): ["Pa.No] P F adj. ’ango soft (of an object): ["hEw.nE] P F adj. hewne soil (fertile): ["Pak.Ra] P F n. ’akra solicit agreement: [ko] P F part. ko solid), world (physical: [ki."fkEj] P F n. kifkey solid, not hollow: [vawt^] P F adj. vawt

somebody, someone: ["tu.tE.o] P F pn. tuteo (derived from tute person) someone who has just arrived on the scene, newcomer: [zI."ma.Pu.ju] P F n. zìma’uyu someone, somebody: ["tu.tE.o] P F pn. tuteo (derived from tute person) something: ["Pu.o] P F pn. ’uo something able to be drunk, drink: [na."ER] P F n. naer something acquired, an acquisition, a possession: [sæ."ka.nom] P F n. säkanom (derived from kanom acquire) something as, in the capacity of, or in the role of, something else: [sko] P F adp. sko+ something confusing, source of confusion: > [ja."jajR.tsim] P F n. yayayrtsim (c.w. from yayayr confusion and tsim source) something else, something as, in the capacity of, or in the role of: [sko] P F adp. sko+ something from which a lesson can be learned, meaningful, instructive: ["Ral.NaP] P F adj. ralnga’ (c.w. from ral meaning and nga’ contain) something humorous: [sæ."Pi.pu] P F n. sä’ipu (derived from ’ipu humorous) something ill-conceived or inherently defective, flawed nature: ["fEP.Ran] P F n. fe’ran (c.w. from fe’ bad and ran intrinsic character or nature) something imagined: ["Ron.sREl] P F n. ronsrel (derived from ronsrelngop imagine) something that replaces something else, replacement, substitute: [sæ."Rawn] P F n. särawn (derived from rawn replace) something to report, news: [fmawn] P F n. fmawn > somewhere: ["tsE.No] P F pn. tsengo (derived from tseng place) son: ["Pi.tan] JC,P F n. ’itan song (ancient, ceremonial): [waj] P F n. way song (vocal): [tI."Rol] P F n. tìrol (derived from rol sing) song cord: ["waj.tE.lEm] P F n. waytelem (c.w. from way song and telem cord) soon: ["jEP.RIn] P F adv. ye’rìn sorrow: [jEN."wal] P F n. yengwal sorry, my apologies (acknowledgment of guilt and regret): [Naj."t'o.a] P F intj. ngaytx-

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oa (c.w. from ngeyä your and txoa forgiveness) soul: [vit."Ra] P F n. vitra sound: [pam] P F n. pam sour: ["wE.Paj] P F adj. we’ay > source: [tsim] P F n. tsim source of argument, point of contention, thing disputed: [sæ.wæ."tE] P F n. säwäte (derived from wäte argue) source of confusion, something confusing: > [ja."jajR.tsim] P F n. yayayrtsim (c.w. from yayayr confusion and tsim source) source of worry, worrisome matter: > ["sNum.tsim] P F n. sngumtsim (c.w. from sngum worry and tsim source) space, hollow, enclosed open area: [mo] P F n. mo space, open or borderless area: [Nip^] P F n. ngip spark: ["t'Ep.vi] P F n. txepvi (derived from txep fire) speak: [p·l."t'·E] P F v. plltxe " speaker: [pl."t'E.ju] P F n. plltxeyu (derived " speak) from plltxe spear: [tuk."Ru] P F n. tukru special, distinct: [zEj] P F adj. zey specialize in, focus on, be particularly interested in: ["k·an.P·In] P F vtr. kan’ìn (c.w. from kan aim and ’in be busy) speculative, intuitive: [lE."PEn] P F adj. le’en (derived from ’en guess) nfp. speech, oration: [sæ.ft'u."lI.Pu] P F n. säftxulì’u (derived from ftxulì’u orate, give speech) speech-making, public speaking: [tI.ft'u."lI.Pu] P F n. tìftxulì’u (derived from ftxulì’u orate, give speech) spelling: [pam."REl.fja] P F n. pamrelfya (derived from pamrel writing and fya’o way) spend time with, hang out with: ["k·æ.tEN] P F vin. käteng spin, to spin (something): [k·Im] P F vtr. kìm Pol rumit kolìm He spun the ball spiral: [PI."hE.ju] P F n. ’ìheyu spirit: [ti."RE.a] P F n. tirea spirit animal: [ti."RE.a.i.o.aN] P F n. tireaioang (c.w. from tirea spirit and ioang animal) spirit path: [ti."RE.a.fja.Po] P F n. tireafya’o (c.w. from tirea spirit and fya’o path)

spiritually, strong (emotionally, not physical), confident: [sEj."k'El] P F adj. seykxel spit out, spit: ["hi·up^] P F vin., vtr. hiup spit, spit out: ["hi·up^] P F vin., vtr. hiup spoken poem (as a melodic recital): [waj a pl.t'E] P F ph. way a plltxe (derived from " sing (ceremonial register)) way spooky, weird: ["snEw.sjE] P F adj. snewsye (c.w. from snew tighten, constrict and syeha breath) sport, physical or athletic game: [u."van lE."tok'] P F n. uvan letokx (c.w. from uvan game and letokx physical) spouse: [mun."t'a.tu] P F n. muntxatu (derived from muntxa mated) spread, proliferate: [v·i."R·æ] P F v. virä squad, military clan, battle party: ["wEm.po.Nu] P F n. wempongu (c.w. from wem fight and pongu group) > squirt: [ts·æP] P F v. tsä’ stain, blemish, deformity, flawed feature: ["fEP.Ran.vi] P F n. fe’ranvi (derived from fe’ran flawed nature, inherently defective) staircase, series of step-like levels: [sna."jI] P F n. snayì (derived from yì level, step) stand: [kl."k'·Em] P F vin. kllkxem " stand, set, group, pile, clump: ["sna.Po] P F n. sna’o nfp. > star cluster: [sna.tan."hI.tsjIp] P F n. snatanhìtsyìp (c.w. from sna’o group and tanhì(tsyìp) star) star, bioluminescent freckle: [tan."hI] P F n. tanhì start, begin: ["sN·æ.P·i] P F vim. sngä’i starting position, beginning, initial location: > ["sNæ.PI.tsEN] P F n. sngä’itseng (c.w. from sngä’i start and tseng place) starting time, beginning: ["sNæ.Pi.kr] P F n. " krr tisngä’ikrr (c.w. from sngä’i begin and me) state, condition, situation: [tI."fkEj.tok^] P F n. tìfkeytok (derived from fkeytok exist) statement: [sæ.pl."t'E] P F n. säplltxe (derived " from plltxe speak) stay, remain: [P·I."P·awn] P F vin. ’ì’awn steadfastly, firmly, faithfully: [nIk.lo."nu] P F adv. nìklonu (derived from ke lonu not let go) lit.: ’without releasing it’

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steadily: [nIk."æ.RIp^] P F adv. nìk’ärìp (derived from ke ärìp not move) lit.: ’without letting it move’ steadily: [nI."lER] P F adv. nìler (derived from ler steady, smooth) steady, smooth (for motion): [lER] P F adj. ler steam, mist, fog: ["ja.paj] P F n. yapay (c.w. from ya air and pay water) step (in an instruction), task, errand: ["tIn.vi] P F n. tìnvi step, shelf, ledge, level, rung : [jI] P F n. yì (Can also be used metaphorically to refer to the level of anything scalable - anything that can have levels or degrees, highs and lows, water level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.) still, yet, as before: [mi] P F adv. mi sting: [sN·ap^] P F vtr. sngap stomach: [NæN] P F n. ngäng stone jar used to hold small toxic arachnid: [E."p'aN] P F n. epxang > stone, rock: [tsk'E] P F n. tskxe stool, chair, bench; any tool or device to facilitate sitting: [sEjn] P F n. seyn (derived from sä’o tool and heyn sit) stop: [ft·aN] P F vim. ftang stop (someone or something) : [tI."ftaN s·i] P F vin. tìftang si (derived from tìftang stopping) stopping, the glottal stop: [tI."ftaN] P F n. tìftang (derived from ftang stop) store, put away: [n·op'] P F vtr. nopx storm: ["jr.ap^] P F n. yrrap (derived from ya air " and hrrap danger) story: [vuR] P F n. vur straight: [jEj] P F adj. yey straight ahead, in a straight line: [nI."jEj.fja] P F adv. nìyeyfya (derived from yeyfya straight line) straight line: ["jEj.fja] P F n. yeyfya (derived from yey straight and fya’o path) straight to the point, directly: [nI."jEj] P F adv. nìyey (derived from yey straight) strange, be curious, odd, unexpected: [h·Ek^] P F vin. hek strange, funny: ["hi.jIk^] P F adj. hiyìk strange, unfamiliar, unknown: [st'oN] P F adj. stxong

strangely, oddly: [nI."hEk^] P F adv. nìhek (derived from hek be curious, odd) (sentence, not manner, adverbial) stream: ["paj.fja] P F n. payfya (c.w. from pay water and fya’o way) strength, power: [tI."t'uR] P F n. tìtxur (derived from txur strong) stretcher: ["tut.sE.na] P F n. tutsena (c.w. from tute person and sähena carrier) strife-ridden, divided, torn apart: [kE."Paw] P F adj. ke’aw (c.w. from ke not and ’aw one) strike, beat, slap: ["t·a.k·uk^] P F vtr. takuk stringed instrument: ["iP.En] JC n. i’en strong (emotionally, spiritually, not physical), confident: [sEj."k'El] P F adj. seykxel strong (physically): [t'uR] P F adj. txur student: ["nu.mE.ju] P F n. numeyu (derived from nume learn) study: [ft·i.·"a] P F vtr. ftia study: [tI.fti".a] P F n. tìftia (derived from ftia study) style: ["lup.Ra] P F n. lupra sublime in style, exquisite: ["fJo.lup^] P F adj. fyolup (c.w. from fyole sublime and lupra style) sublime, beyond perfection: ["fjo.lE] P F adj. fyole substitute, replace: [R·awn] P F vtr. rawn substitute, replacement, something that replaces something else: [sæ."Rawn] P F n. särawn (derived from rawn replace) succeed: [fl·æ] P F vin. flä success (an instance of succeeding): [sæ."flæ] P F n. säflä (derived from flä succeed) success (in general): [tI."flæ] P F n. tìflä (derived from flä succeed) such: [na.fI."Pu] P F adj. nafì’u (c.w. from na as and fì’u this) > suck: [tsw·Ik] P F vtr. tswìk > suddenly, without warning: [tsIk] P F adv. tsìk suffer mentally or emotionally, be miserable: [N·æ."P·æn] P F vin. ngä’än sufficient: [lE."tam] P F adj. letam (derived from tam suffice) suggest: [m·ok^] P F vtr. mok suit, fit, complement, inherently enhance: [h·aP] P F vin. ha’ summary, synopsis: ["vuR.vi] P F n. vurvi (derived from vur story)

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> sun: ["tsaw.kE] P F n. tsawke Sunday: [tr."Paw.vE] P F n. trr’awve (c.w. from " ’awve first) trr day and sung poem: [waj a Rol] P F ph. way a rol (derived from way sing (ceremonial register)) sunrise, dawn: [tr."PoN] P F n. trr’ong (c.w. from trr day and" ’ong unfold) sunset, night-fall, dusk, gloaming: [t'on."PoN] P F,P rr n. txon’ong (c.w. from txon night and ’ong unfold) supplies: ["mEk.RE] P F n. mekre support (emotional, social or personal support): [sl·an] P F vtr. slan ofp. support (emotional, social or personal support) : [tI."slan] P F n. tìslan (derived from slan support) ofp. sure, confident: [am."Pa.kE] P F adj. am’ake (c.w. from am’a doubt and ke not) surface: [jo] P F n. yo surrender, give up, concede defeat: ["v·E.l·Ek^] P F vin. velek survival: [tEm."REj] P F n. temrey (derived from emrey survive)

survive: [Em."R·Ej] P F vin. emrey surviving (e.g. of entities from a group some of whom have died): [lEm."REj] P F adj. lemrey (derived from emrey survive) suspend action, hold off: [fp·ak^] P F v. fpak sustain: [fm·al] P F vtr. fmal swallow: [k'·uk'] P F vtr. kxukx sweet berry (term of endearment): [pa.ska."lin] P F n. paskalin (derived from pasuk berry and (a)kalin sweet) sweet to the taste: [ka."lin] P F adj. kalin sweetly aromatic (a flowery or aromatic woody sort of smell; may also refer to some spices used in Na’vi cooking): [un."joR] P F adj. unyor sweetly, endearingly: [nI."ho.na] P F adv. nìhona (derived from hona endearing) swim: ["sl·E.l·E] P F vin. slele synopsis, summary: ["vuR.vi] P F n. vurvi (derived from vur story) system, process, procedure, approach: ["vE.fja] P F n. vefya (c.w. from ve’o order, organization and fya’o way, manner)

T (together) as members of a clan: [nI.o."loP] P F adv. nìolo’ (derived from olo’ clan) (together) as members of a family: [nI.so."a.i.a] P F adv. nìsoaia (derived from soaia family) table, elevated utilitarian surface: ["fjan.jo] P F n. fyanyo (c.w. from fyan constructed device for keeping something off the ground and clean and yo surface) Note: colloquially, yo can be used in place of fyanyo. tacky, in poor taste: ["fE.lup^] P F adj. fe’lup (c.w. from fe’ bad and lupra style) > tail: ["k'E.tsE] P F n. kxetse take away, remove, take off: ["P·a.k·u] P F vtr. ’aku take care of, look after, be responsible for: [v·EwN] P F vtr. vewng take off, launch: [ja."w·o] P F vin. yawo (c.w. from ya air and wo reach for) take off, remove, take away: ["P·a.k·u] P F vtr. ’aku take part in a ceremony, perform a ritual: [sæ."PE.o.i.o s·i] P F vin. sä’eoio si (derived

from sä’eoio ceremony) take, bring: ["m·u.N·E] P F vtr. munge take/consume time (ii): [kr."n·Ek'] P F vin. krrnekx (c.w. from krr time "and nekx consume) talent: [tI."naw.Ri] P F n. tìnawri (derived from nawri talented) talented: ["naw.Ri] P F adj. nawri talk about, discourse on, say something concerning: [l·awk^] P F vtr. lawk > tall, big (in size): [tsawl] P F adj. tsawl ofp. target, aim, goal, purpose: [tI."kan] P F n. tìkan (derived from kan aim) task, errand, step (in an instruction): ["tIn.vi] P F n. tìnvi taste: [t·IN ft'I] P F vin. tìng ftxì (derived from tìng give and ftxi tongue) taste (not intentionally): ["·Ew.k·u] P F vtr. ewku taste, flavor: [suR] P F n. sur taste, try, sample, evaluate, check out, testdrive: [m·ajP] P F vtrm. may’ teach: [k·aR] P F vtr. kar

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teacher: ["kaR.ju] P F n. karyu (derived from kar teach) teaching (the act): [tI.ku."saR] P F n. tìkusar (derived from kar teach) teaching, instruction: [sæ."nu.mE] P F n. sänume (derived from nume learn) > teardrop: ["tsNaw.paj.vi] P F n. tsngawpayvi (c.w. from tsngawvìk cry and pay+vi water, with partitive marker) > tears: ["tsNaw.paj] P F n. tsngawpay (c.w. from tsngawvìk cry and pay water) telephone: [spul."mok.Ri] P F n. spulmokri (derived from spule propel and mokri voice) tell: [p·EN] P F vtr. peng temperature: [som."wEw] P F n. somwew (derived from som hot and wew cold) tender (people or things), gentle, mild: [flr] " P F adj. flrr tenderly, gently: [nI."flr] P F adv. nìflrr (derived " from flrr gentle) tenderness, gentleness: [tI."flr] P F n. tìflrr (de" rived from flrr gentle) terminal, last, ultimate: [toR] P F adj. tor (derived from toruk last shadow) terrific, wonderful, fantastic: [ko."sman] P F adj. kosman territory: [kl."p'Il.tu] P F n. kllpxìltu " test: ["fm·E.t·ok^] P F vtr. fmetok test: [tI."fmE.tok^] P F n. tìfmetok (derived from fmetok test) test-drive, taste, try, sample, evaluate, check out: [m·ajP] P F vtrm. may’ texture, touch, feel: [ziR] P F n. zir thank you, thanks: [i."Ra.jo] JC n., intj. irayo thank, give thanks: [i."Ra.jo "s·i] P F vin. irayo si (derived from irayo thanks) thanks, thank you: [i."Ra.jo] JC n., intj. irayo that: ["fu.ta] P F pn., sbd. futa (c.w. from fì’u-t this (patientive) and a subordinator) that: ["fu.Ri.a] P F pn., sbd. furia (c.w. from fì’uri this (topical) and a subordinator) > that: ["tsa.wa] P F pn., sbd. tsawa (c.w. from tsa’u that (subjective) and a subordinator) > that: ["tsa.ta] P F pn., sbd. tsata (c.w. from tsa’u-t that (patientive) and a subordinator) > that: ["tsa.Ri.a] P F pn., sbd. tsaria (c.w. from tsa’u-ri that (topical) and a subordinator) that: [sat^] P F pn. sat (lenited form of tsat)

that: ["fu.la] P F pn., sbd. fula (c.w. from fì’ul this (agentive) and a subordinator) > > that (action): ["tsa.kEm] or [tsa."kEm] P F dem. tsakem (derived from tsa- that and kem action) that (as a result): ["kum.a] P F conj. kuma (derived from kum result) this form precedes the result, I.E. ’Lu poe sevin nìftxan kuma yawne slolu oer’ (She was so beautiful that I fell in love with her.); see also ’akum’ that (as a result): [a."kum] P F conj. akum (derived from kum result) this form follows the result, I.E. ’Poe yawne slolu oer akum, nìftxan lu sevin’ (She was so beautiful that I fell in love with her.); see also ’kuma’ > that (function word): [tsnI] P F sbd. tsnì (with subjunctive verb in dependant clause) that (subordinate clause marker): [fwa] P F pn., sbd. fwa (c.w. from fì’u this (subjective) and a subordinator) > that (thing): ["tsa.Pu] P F dem. tsa’u (c.w. from tsa that and ’u thing) that answer: ["tEjN.a] P F n. teynga (contraction of tì’eyng a) that answer (agentive): ["tEjN.la] P F n. teyngla (contraction of tì’eyng–ìl a) that answer (patientive): ["tEjN.ta] P F n. teyngta (contraction of tì’eyng–it a) that is, in other words: ["a.lu] P F conj. alu (derived from a subordinator and lu be) (Used for appositions) that news: [fmawnta] P F n. fmawnta (contraction of fmawn–it a) > that one (for people only): ["tsa.po] P F pn. tsapo (c.w. from tsa– that and po he/she) > that person: ["tsa.tu] P F dem. tsatu (c.w. from tsa that and tute person) > > > > that place, there: [tsa."tsEN] or ["tsa.tsEN] P F dem., n. tsatseng (c.w. from tsa that and tseng place) > that time, then, at that time: [tsa."kr] P F adv. tsakrr (derived from tsa- that and "krr time) > that way, like that: [tsa."fja] P F adv. tsafya (c.w. from tsa- that and fya’o way) that will do, that will suffice, OK: [t·am] P F vin., intj. tam that will suffice, that will do, OK: [t·am] P F vin., intj. tam

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> that, it (as intransitive subject): [tsaw] P F dem., pn. tsaw > that, it (as object): [tsat^] P F pn. tsat > that, it (transitive subject): [tsal] P F pn. tsal the absence of business, free time: [tIk."PIn] P F n. tìk’ìn (derived from ’ìn be busy) the act of replacing, replacement: [tI."Rawn] P F n. tìrawn (derived from rawn replace) the art of cooking: [tI."PEm] P F n. tì’em (derived from ’em cook) the Balance of Life: [REj."PEN] P F n. rey’eng (derived from rey live) the day after tomorrow, two days from now: [mE.sr."aj] P F n., adv. mesrray (derived from " trr day) the day and night cycle of Pandora: [tr.t'on] " P F n. trrtxon (c.w. from trr day and txon night) the day before yesterday, two days ago: [mE.sr."am] P F n., adv. mesrram (derived " day) from trr the glottal stop, stopping: [tI."ftaN] P F n. tìftang (derived from ftang stop) the People, having to do with the Na’vi: [lE."naP.vi] P F adj. leNa’vi (derived from Na’vi the People) the state of being ill, sickness: [tI."sp'in] P F n. tìspxin (derived from spxin sick) the state of waking, awakeness: [tI."t'En] P F n. tìtxen (derived from txen awake) the study of the physical world, science: [tI.fti".a ki."fkE.jæ] P F n. tìftia kifkeyä (c.w. from tìftia study and kifkey world) the symbol 8 (not the value eight): [PEjt^] P F n. ’eyt the symbol 9 (not the value nine): [najn] P F n. nayn the time before dark, twilight, after sunset: [t'on."PoN.maw] P F n. txon’ongmaw (c.w. from txon’ong sunset and maw after) the time before noon: [sRE."kam.tr] P F n. sre" kxamtrr kamtrr (c.w. from sre before and mid-day) the time immediately after noon, early afternoon: ["k'am.tr.maw] P F n. kxamtrrmaw " noon and maw after) (c.w. from kxamtrr then (counterfactual use): [zEl] P F adv. zel > then, at that time, that time: [tsa."kr] P F adv. tsakrr (derived from tsa- that and "krr time)

there there, calm, be content: ["tam "tam] M intj. tam tam > > > > there, that place: [tsa."tsEN] or ["tsa.tsEN] P F dem., n. tsatseng (c.w. from tsa that and tseng place) therefore, because of that: [ta."fRal] P F adv. tafral these words: [faj."lu.ta] P F n. fayluta (contraction of fay+lì’u–t a, patientive case) they: [aj."fo] or ["aj.fo] P F pn. ayfo (derived from po he, she) they: [fo] P F pn. fo (derived from ay+ deleted plural leniting morpheme and po he/she) they (singular usage) (unspecified agent), one: [fko] P F pn. fko they, those two: ["mE.fo] P F pn. mefo (derived from me+ dual marker and po he/she) thick: [nut'] P F adj. nutx thick, viscous, gelatinous: [k'um] P F adj. kxum thickness: [flI."nut'] P F n. flìnutx (c.w. from flì thin and nutx thick) thin: [flI] P F adj. flì nfp. thin waterfall that pours down a sheer high cliff, an individual tall, or off of a floating mountain (countable): [sE."Pajl] P F n. se’ayl thing (action), deed: [kEm] P F n. kem thing (object, fact, abstraction): [Pu] P F n. ’u thing (physical or tangible), object: [zum] P F n. zum thing disputed, point of contention, source of argument: [sæ.wæ."tE] P F n. säwäte (derived from wäte argue) things: [a."ju] P F n. ayu (derived from ’u thing) (never plural u) think: [fp·Il] P F vtr. fpìl third (ordinal): ["p'Ej.vE] P F adj. pxeyve (derived from pxey three) third, one third: [pan] P F n. pan thirst: [tI."væN] P F n. tìväng (derived from väng thirsty) thirsty: [væN] P F adj. väng this (action): [fI."kEm] P F pn. fìkem (derived from kem action, deed) this (thing): [fI."Pu] P F pn. fì’u (derived from ’u thing) this one person or thing: ["fI.po] P F pn. fìpo (derived from po he, she)

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> this place, here: [fI."tsEN(E)] P F adv., n. fìtseng(e) (derived from tseng place) this way, like this: [fI."fja] P F adv. fìfya (derived from fya’o path) thorough, detail-orientated (of a person): [lE."no] P F adj. leno thoroughly, in detail, expansively: [nI."no] P F adv. nìno thoroughness, attention to detail: [tI."no] P F n. tìno those two, they: ["mE.fo] P F pn. mefo (derived from me+ dual marker and po he/she) thought pattern, way of thinking: ["fpIl.fja] P F n. fpìlfya (c.w. from fpìl think and fya’o path) > thoughtful, kind, considerate: ["tstun.wi] P F adj. tstunwi thread: [kIN] P F n. kìng threat: [k'ap^] P F n. kxap threaten: [k'ap s·i] P F vin. kxap si (derived from kxap threat) threatening: ["k'ap.NaP] P F adj. kxapnga’ (derived from kxap threat) nfp. threatening cry: ["sa:] LA intj. saa threateningly: [nI."k'ap^] P F adv. nìkxap (derived from kxap threat) three: [p'Ej] P F num. pxey three days ago: [p'E.sr."am] P F n., adv. pxesr" day) ram (derived from trr three days from now: [p'E.sr."aj] P F n., adv. " pxesrray (derived from trr day) three times, thrice: ["p'E.lo] P F adv. pxelo (derived from pxe+ trial marker and alo time) thrice, three times: ["p'E.lo] P F adv. pxelo (derived from pxe+ trial marker and alo time) throat: [flEw] P F n. flew through (via the middle of): ["k'am.læ] P F adp. kxamlä– (derived from kxam middle) > throw: ["tsR·E.P·i] P F vtr. tsre’i throw out of harmonious balance, interrupt: [m·æ."k'u] P F vtr. mäkxu (derived from kxu harm) thunder: ["Pr.p'om] P F n. ’rrpxom " thunder and lightning: ["Rawm.p'om] P F n. rawmpxom (derived from rawm lightning and ’rrpxom thunder) Thursday: [tr."mr.vE] P F n. trrmrrve (c.w. from " trr day and" mrrve fifth) tie down, fasten: [j·æn] P F vtr. yän

tight: [PE."k'in] P F adj. ’ekxin tighten, constrict: [sn·Ew] P F vtr. snew tightly, in an iron grip: [nI."sjEp^] P F adv. nìsyep (derived from syep trap) lit.: ’like a trap’ time: [kr] P F n. krr " time, turn, instance, one of a number of repeated or recurring actions: ["a.lo] P F n. alo timid, shy: [nim] P F adj. nim > > tiny bite: ["tsjEj.tsjIp^] P F n. tsyeytsyìp (derived from tsyey snack, light meal) > tip, helpful hint: ["sRuN.tsjIp^] P F n. srungtsyìp (derived from srung help) tired: [NEjn] P F adj. ngeyn > to (with kxìm): ["tson.ta] P F conj. tsonta (derived from tson obligation, duty, imposed requirement) (contraction of tsonit a) to continue to perform an action, to persist in a state: [v·aR] P F vim. var to direct a weapon or other object at a target, aim, to intend; aim: [k·an] P F vtrm., vtr. kan to intend; aim, aim, to direct a weapon or other object at a target: [k·an] P F vtrm., vtr. kan to persist in a state, to continue to perform an action: [v·aR] P F vim. var to respect: [lE.i.o."a.E s·i] P F vin. leioae si (derived from leioae respect) to smell (intentionally): [sj·am] P F vtr. syam to spin (something), spin: [k·Im] P F vtr. kìm Pol rumit kolìm He spun the ball to such an extent, so: [fI."t'an] P F adv. fìtxan (derived from txan great, much) to such an extent, so: [nI."ft'an] P F adv. nìftxan (derived from fìtxan so, to such an extent) to the left: [nI."ftæR] P F adv. nìftär (derived from ftär left) to the others: [aj."la.Ru] P F pn. aylaru (contraction of ay+lahe–ru) to the right: [nI."ski.En] P F adv. nìskien (derived from skien right) to wake, to waken, wake up: [tI."t'En s·i] P F vin. tìtxen si (derived from tìtxen awakeness) to waken, to wake, wake up: [tI."t'En s·i] P F vin. tìtxen si (derived from tìtxen awakeness) to, towards (direction): [nE] P F adp. ne– today: [fI."tr] P F adv. fìtrr (derived from trr " day)

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toe: ["vEn.zEk^] P F n. venzek (c.w. from venu foot and zekwä finger) together: [Paw.si."tEN] P F adv. ’awsiteng (c.w. from ’aw one and teng same, equal) tomorrow: [tr."aj] P F adv. trray (derived from trr day and" hay next) tomorrow night: [t'o."naj] P F adv. txonay (derived from txon night and hay next) tongue: [ft'I] P F n. ftxì tonight: [fI."t'on] P F adv., n. fìtxon (derived from txon night) too, also, additionally: [kop^] P F adv. kop too, also, as well, likewise: [nI."tEN] P F adv. nìteng (derived from teng same, equal) too, excessively: [nI."hawN] P F adv. nìhawng (derived from hawng overabundance) tool, utensil: ["sæ.Po] P F n. sä’o tooth: [sREP] P F n. sre’ top: ["fæ.pa] P F n. fäpa torn apart, divided, strife-ridden: [kE."Paw] P F adj. ke’aw (c.w. from ke not and ’aw one) toruk rider: ["to.Ruk^ "mak.to] JC n. toruk makto (c.w. from toruk leonopteryx and makto ride) totality, whole: [wot'] P F n. wotx totem, amulet: ["lo.Pa] P F n. lo’a touch: ["P·am.p·i] P F vtr. ’ampi touch (intentionally): ["t·IN "zEk.wæ] P F vin. tìng zekwä (derived from tìng give and zekwä finger) touch, feel, texture: [ziR] P F n. zir towards (direction), to: [nE] P F adp. ne– > trace (of animal or person), track: [tsmIm] P F n. tsmìm track, follow: [s·ut'] P F vtr. sutx > track, trace (of animal or person): [tsmIm] P F n. tsmìm > train, exercise: ["tsk'E.kEN "s·i] P F vin. tskxekeng si (derived from tskxekeng training) > training, exercise: ["tsk'E.kEN] P F n. tskxekeng trait, feature, attribute, characteristic, point, aspect, facet, property: [sjon] P F n. syon trample, crush: [sR·uP] P F vtr. sru’ transfer from one to another (rarely used without prefix): [sR·In] P F vtr. srìn translation, interpretation: [tI.Ral."pEN] P F n. tìralpeng (derived from ral meaning and peng tell)

transportation tool or device: [sæ."mu.NE] P F n. sämunge (derived from munge take, bring) Note: In compounds, the ä and e drop, yielding –smung trap: [sj·Ep^] P F vtr. syep trap: [sæ."sjEp^] P F n. säsyep (derived from syep trap) trash, garbage, rubbish: [sNEl] P F n. sngel travel: [s·op^] P F vin. sop traveller: ["sop.ju] P F n. sopyu (derived from sop travel) treachery: [ka."vuk^] P F n. kavuk treasure; something rare and of great value: > [tsjEjm] P F n. tsyeym treat (emotionally), display an attitude towards: [z·Et^] P F vtr. zet tree: ["ut.Ral] P F n. utral trick, sleight of hand, clever/special metho> dology: ["iN.jEn.tsjIp^] P F n. ingyentsyìp (derived from ingyen feeling of mystery) troubling, worrisome: ["sNu.NaP] P F adj. sngunga’ (derived from sngum worry) true: [Naj] P F adj. ngay truly: [nI."Naj] P F adv. nìngay (derived from ngay true) trunk (of a tree): ["ta.NEk^] P F n. tangek trust for protection, depend on, rely on: [m·oN] P F vtr. mong trust-inspiring, trustworthy: [mal] P F adj. mal trustingly, without hesitation: [nI."mal] P F adv. nìmal (derived from mal trustworthy) trustworthiness: [tI."mal] P F n. tìmal (derived from mal trustworthy) trustworthy, trust-inspiring: [mal] P F adj. mal truth: [tI."Naj] P F n. tìngay (derived from ngay true) try, attempt: [fm·i] P F vtrm. fmi (with the subjunctive) try, taste, sample, evaluate, check out, testdrive: [m·ajP] P F vtrm. may’ Tuesday: [tr."p'Ej.vE] P F n. trrpxeyve (c.w. from " pxeyve third) trr day and tunnel: [RoN] P F n. rong turn, rotate on an axis: [m·In] P F vin. mìn Mìn ne ftärpa Turn to the left turn, time, instance, one of a number of repeated or recurring actions: ["a.lo] P F n. alo turner: ["mIn.ju] P F n. mìnyu (derived from mìn turn)

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twice: ["mE.lo] P F adv. melo (derived from me+ two days ago, the day before yesterday: dual marker and alo time) [mE.sr."am] P F n., adv. mesrram (derived " day) from trr twilight, the time before dark, after suntwo days from now, the day after tomorrow: set: [t'on."PoN.maw] P F n. txon’ongmaw (c.w. [mE.sr."aj] P F n., adv. mesrray (derived from from txon’ong sunset and maw after) " trr day) type, kind: [fnEl] P F n. fnel two: ["mu.nE] P F num. mune U ugly, unsightly: [naR."væP] P F adj. narvä’ (derived from nari eye and vä’ unpleasant to the senses) ultimate, last, terminal: [toR] P F adj. tor (derived from toruk last shadow) um, er: [I:] P F intj. ìì umami, savory, rich: [fwaN] P F adj. fwang unambiguously, especially, pointedly: [nI."p'i] P F adv. nìpxi (derived from pxi sharp) > unawareness, lack of notice: [tIk."tsE.Ri] P F n. tìktseri (derived from tseri note, notice) uncomfortable: [kEl."ho.an] P F adj. kelhoan (derived from hoan comfort) > uncountable, infinite: [kE.tsuk."ti.am] P F adj. ketsuktiam (derived from ketsuk– not able to do and tiam count) uncover (literally and metaphorically), reveal, bring forth: ["k·u.l·at^] P F vtr. kulat under, below: ["æ.o] P F adp. äo– > understand: [tsl·am] P F vtr. tslam understand, see, see into, know (spiritual sense): ["k·a.m·E] P F vtr. kame > understanding, intelligence: [tI."tslam] P F n. tìtslam (derived from tslam understand) unexpected or startling, noise. sound that is excessive, unnecessary, inappropriate: ["hawm.pam] P F n. hawmpam (derived from hawng overabundance and pam sound) unexpected, be curious, odd, strange: [h·Ek^] P F vin. hek unfamiliar, strange, unknown: [st'oN] P F adj. stxong unfold, blossom: [P·oN] P F v. ’ong unfolding, blooming: [tI."PoN] P F n. tì’ong (derived from ’ong bloom) > > unforgettable: [kE.tsuk."tswaP] P F adj. ketsuktswa’ (derived from ketsuk– not able to do and tswa’ forget)

unfortunately, sadly: [nI.kE."ft'o] P F adv. nìkeftxo (derived from keftxo unhappy) unhappy, upset, ’How sad!’: [kE."ft'o] P F adj., intj. keftxo unhealthful (mentally): [kE.fpom."Ro.NaP] P F adj. kefpomronga’ (c.w. from ke not and fpomronga’ healthful (mentally)) nfp. unhealthful (physically): [kE.fpom."tok'.NaP] P F adj. kefpomtokxnga’ (c.w. from ke not and fpomtokxnga’ healthful (physically)) nfp. unhealthy (mentally): [kEl.fpom."Ron] P F adj. kelfpomron (c.w. from ke not and lefpomron healthy (mentally)) ofp. unhealthy (physically): [kEl.fpom."tok'] P F adj. kelfpomtokx (c.w. from ke not and fpomtokx health) ofp. unhurried: [lE."t'i.lu.kE] P F adj. letxiluke (c.w. from txi hurry and luke without) unhurriedly, leisurely: [nI."t'i.lu.kE] P F adv. nìtxiluke (c.w. from txi hurry and luke without) unintentionally, accidentally: [nIt."kan.lu.ke] P F adv. nìtkanluke (c.w. from nìtkan purposefully, deliberately and luke- without) unique, original, not derived from another > source: [lE."tsim] P F adj. letsim (derived from tsim source) unknown, strange, unfamiliar: [st'oN] P F adj. stxong unless in independent clause) (ii), hope (with tsnì for thing hoped: [sIl."p·Ej] P F vin. sìlpey (c.w. from sìltsan good and pey wait) unmodified, wild, natural (something in its original, untampered-with natural state): [jr] P F adj. yrr " unnecessarily: [nI.kEl."kin] P F adv. nìkelkin (derived from kelkin unnecessary) unnecessary: [kEl."kin] P F adj. kelkin

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unnecessary, noise. sound that is excessi- urgh, exclamation upon exertion: [sa."u] LA intj. sau ve, inappropriate, unexpected or startling: ["hawm.pam] P F n. hawmpam (derived from us (exclusive), we: [aj."o.E] P F pn. ayoe (derihawng overabundance and pam sound) ved from oe I) unpleasant to the senses, noisome: [væP] P F us (inclusive), we: [aj."wEN] P F pn. ayoeng (deadj. vä’ rived from oe I) (ayoenga– base for suffixunquote: [sIk^] P F adv. sìk es) unsightly, ugly: [naR."væP] P F adj. narvä’ (de- us two (dual inclusive), we two, you and I: rived from nari eye and vä’ unpleasant to the ["wEN] P F pn. oeng (derived from oe I) senses) us two (exclusive), we two: ["mo.E] P F pn. moe untampered-with natural state), wild, natu(derived from me+ dual and oe I) ral (something in its original, unmodified: usable without much expenditure of effort, [jr] P F adj. yrr convenient: [nik^] P F adj. nik until:" [vaj."kr] P F conj. vaykrr (c.w. from vay– use: [s·aR] P F vtr. sar up to and "krr time) used for drinking intoxicating beverages), until the end: [tI."PiP.a.vaj] P F adv. tì’i’avay kava bowl (constructed from seed pods, (c.w. from ’i’a end and vay until) > hand-sized: ["swo.a.sEj] P F n. swoasey (c.w. until then, in the meantime: [tsa."kr.vaj] P F from swoa intoxicating beverage or “sprits" adv. tsakrrvay (c.w. from tsakrr then" and vay and sey cup or bowl minimally modified from up to) naturally occurring resources) up (direction): [nE."fæ] P F adv. nefä used in full names: [tE] JC part. te up among: [fkip^] P F adp. fkip– useful: [lE."saR] P F adj. lesar (derived from sar up to: [vaj] P F adp. vay– use) up to but not after, by, before: ["li.sRE] P F adp. useless, in vain: [kEl."saR] P F adj. kelsar (c.w. lisre+ (c.w. from li already and sre+ before) from ke not and lesar useful) upright, erect: [p'im] P F adj. pxim upset, unhappy, ’How sad!’: [kE."ft'o] P F adj., utensil, tool: ["sæ.Po] P F n. sä’o utterance), what (word: ["lI.Pu.pE] P F inter. intj. keftxo > lì’upe variant of pelì’u upside, advantage, benefit, gain: ["tsan(N).kum] utterance), what (word: [pE."lI.Pu] P F inter. n. tsankum (c.w. from tsan’ul improve, get PF pelì’u variant of lì’upe better and kum result) V valid: [ka."Naj] ngay true)

adj. kangay (cognate with verb: ["kEm.lI.Pu] P F n. kemlì’u (c.w. from kem action and lì’u word) validate, confirm: [ka."Naj s·i] P F vin. kangay si version: [sREj] P F n. srey vertical surface, wall: ["k'Em.jo] P F n. kxemyo (derived from kangay valid) > (c.w. from kxem be vertical and yo surface) valley: [tsoN] P F n. tsong vertically: [nI."k'Em] P F adv. nìkxem (derived vanish, disappear, recede from view: [P·Ip] from kxem be vertical) P F vin. ’ìp very cold: ["t'a.wEw] P F adj. txawew (derived variegated, colorful, multicolored: ["p'aj.o.pin] from txan much and wew cold) P F adj. pxayopin (c.w. from pxay many and very hot: ["t'a.som] P F adj. txasom (derived ’opin color) from txan much and som hot) vast, broad, expansive: ["ho.Et^] P F adj. hoet very old, ancient: ["t'an.lal] P F adj. txanlal vegetable (food): [fk'En] P F n. fkxen (c.w. from txan much and lal old) vegetable or animal), in season (of foods: very short time, second: ["hI.kr] P F n. hìkrr [kI."maR] P F adj. kìmar (c.w. from hì’i little, small and" krr time) PF

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very, much (abstract): [nI."t'an] P F adv. nìtxan (derived from txan much) vessel, container, carrier: [sæ."hE.na] P F n. sähena (derived from hena carry) via, by, following, according to: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] P F adp. ìlä+ vibrating tongue (Na’vi idiom), day time smoking pleasure: [pr.k'En.tr.kr] Skxawng " " "pleasurabn. prrkxentrrkrr (c.w. from prrte’ le, kxener smoke, trr day and krr time) victory, a win: [tI.jo"RaP] P F n. tìyora’ (derived from yora’ win) video, movie, film: ["rEl a.ru."sikx] P F n. rel arusikx (c.w. from rel picture and rikx move) > village: [tsRaj] P F n. tsray violet, purple, magenta: ["Pom.pin] P F n. ’ompin (derived from ’om purple) violet, purple, magenta: [Pom] P F adj. ’om viperwolf cry, howl: ["Nu.waj] P F n. nguway (derived from way song)

viscous liquid, gel: ["k'um.paJ] P F n. kxumpay (derived from kxum viscous, gelatinous, thick) viscous, gelatinous, thick: [k'um] P F adj. kxum vision (spiritual): [æ."i.E] P F n. äie > > vision, (sense of) sight: [tsE."Pa.tswo] P F n. tse’atswo (derived from tse’a see) visit: ["f·r.f·En] P F vtr. frrfen " visitor, guest: ["fr.tu] P F n. frrtu >" visual art: ["REl.tsE.o ] P F n. reltseo (c.w. from rel image and tseo art) vivid, bright: ["t'a.na.tan] P F adj. txanatan (c.w. from txan much and atan light) voice: ["mok.Ri] P F n. mokri volcano: [t'Ep."Ram] P F n. txepram (c.w. from txep fire and ram mountain) vomit up, vomit: [·u·"EP] P F vtr., vin. ue’ vomit, vomit up: [·u·"EP] P F vtr., vin. ue’ vulgar, coarse, socially unacceptable: [ræp."tum] P F adj. räptum

W ’watch it!’, angry snarl: [o."sss] LA intj. oìsss a wall or bank of powerful waterfalls noted for its deafening roar and deadly force (countable, but only rarely): [k'oR] P F n. kxor a win, victory: [tI.jo"RaP] P F n. tìyora’ (derived from yora’ win) wait for, wait: [p·Ej] P F vin. pey wait, wait for: [p·Ej] P F vin. pey wake up, to wake, to waken: [tI."t'En s·i] P F vin. tìtxen si (derived from tìtxen awakeness) walk: [t·I."R·an] P F vin. tìran wall, vertical surface: ["k'Em.jo] P F n. kxemyo (c.w. from kxem be vertical and yo surface) want: [n·Ew] P F vtrm. new want to know, be curious: [n·Ew."o.mum] P F svin. newomum (c.w. from new want and omum know) > war: [tsam] P F n. tsam war cry: [I."lEj] LA intj. ìley > war party: ["tsam.po.Nu] P F n. tsampongu (c.w. from tsam war and pongu party) warm: [saN] P F adj. sang warn: [p·EN."hr] P F vin. penghrr (c.w. from " hrrap danger) peng tell and

warn: [p·l."hr] P F vin. pllhrr (c.w. from plltxe " "hrrap danger) speak and warning: [sæ.pEN."hr] P F n. säpenghrr (derived " from penghrr warn) warning: [sæ.pl."hr] P F n. säpllhrr (derived " " from pllhrr warn) > warpaint: ["tsa.mo.pin] P F n. tsamopin (c.w. from tsam war and ’opin color) > warrior: ["tsam.si.ju] P F n. tsamsiyu (derived from tsam si make war and –yu agent suffix) wash: [j·uR] P F vtr. yur waste: [P·al] P F vtr. ’al wasteful: [lE."Pal] P F adj. le’al (derived from ’al waste) nfp. wastefully: [nI."Pal] P F adv. nì’al (derived from ’al waste) wastefulness: [tI.".Pal] P F n. tì’al (derived from ’al waste) watch out, be careful: ["na.Ri s·i] P F vin. nari si (derived from nari eye) water carrier: ["paJ.smuN] P F n. paysmung (c.w. from pay water and smung transportation device) water container: ["paj.sE.na] P F n. paysena (c.w. from pay water and sähena container)

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water that is aeriated while flowing among the rocks of a very gradually sloping stream (countable): [Ru."RuR] P F n. rurur water, liquid: [paj] P F n. pay watery: [lE."paj] P F adj. lepay (derived from pay water) way of living, culture: ["REj.fja] P F n. reyfya (c.w. from rey live and fya’o path, way) way of thinking, thought pattern: ["fpIl.fja] P F n. fpìlfya (c.w. from fpìl think and fya’o path) way, path, manner: ["fja.Po] P F n. fya’o we: [aw."Na] P F pn. awnga (derived from ayoeng we) we two, us two (dual inclusive), you and I: ["wEN] P F pn. oeng (derived from oe I) we two, us two (exclusive): ["mo.E] P F pn. moe (derived from me+ dual and oe I) we, us (exclusive): [aj."o.E] P F pn. ayoe (derived from oe I) we, us (inclusive): [aj."wEN] P F pn. ayoeng (derived from oe I) (ayoenga– base for suffixes) weak: [mEjp^] P F adj. meyp weakly, loosely: [nI."mEjp^] P F adv. nìmeyp (derived from meyp weak) weakness: [tI."mEjp] P F n. tìmeyp (derived from meyp weak) > weapon of war: ["tsam.sæ.Po] P F n. tsamsä’o (c.w. from tsam war and sä’o tool) weather: ["ja.fkEjk^] P F n. yafkeyk (derived from fkeytok exist) weave: [t·æ."ft'·u] P F vtr. täftxu weaver: [tæ."ft'u.ju] P F n. täftxuyu (derived from täftxu weave and –yu agent suffix) web, net: [hæn] P F n. hän > Wednesday: [tr."tsI.vE] P F n. trrtsìve (c.w. from " trr day and tsìve fourth) week: ["kin.tr] P F n. kintrr (derived from kinä seven and "trr day) weekend: ["mun.tr] P F n. muntrr (derived from mune two "and trr day) > weep, cry: ["tsN·aw.v·Ik^] P F vin. tsngawvìk weight (physical) : [sJo."kup^] P F n. syokup (derived from syo light and ku’up heavy) weird, spooky: ["snEw.sjE] P F adj. snewsye (c.w. from snew tighten, constrict and syeha breath)

> well: [nIl."tsan] P F adv. nìltsan (derived from sìltsan good) well: [Ra."mu.noN] P F n. ramunong > well (conversation starter): [tsE] P F part. tse > well done, good (of its kind): [sIl."tsan] P F adj. sìltsan well-being, peace, happiness: [fpom] P F n. fpom what (action): ["kEm.pE] P F inter. kempe variant of pehem (c.w. from kem action, deed) what (action): [pE."hEm] P F inter. pehem variant of kempe (c.w. from kem action, deed) what (thing): ["Pu.pE] P F inter. ’upe (c.w. from ’u thing and pe inter. marker) what (thing): [pE."u] P F inter. peu variant of ’upe what (word, utterance): ["lI.Pu.pE] P F inter. lì’upe variant of pelì’u what (word, utterance): [pE."lI.Pu] P F inter. pelì’u variant of lì’upe what temperature?: [pE.som."wEw] P F inter. pesomwew (derived from somwew temperature) what temperature? (more common): [som."wEw.pE] P F inter. somwewpe (derived from somwew temperature) what width, how wide?: [pE.slo."snEp^] P F inter. peslosnep (derived from snep narrow) variant of slosneppe what width, how wide?: [slo."snE.pE] P F inter. slosneppe (derived from snep narrow) variant of peslosnep whatever, no matter, no matter what: > [kE."tsRan] P F adj., conj. ketsran (c.w. from ke not and tsranten Matter, be of importance) when: ["kr.pE] P F inter. krrpe variant of pehrr " krr time) (c.w. from when: [pE."hr] P F inter. pehrr variant of krrpe (c.w. from" krr time) when, at the time that: ["kr.a] P F conj. krra (derived from krr time) " where: [pE."sEN] P F inter. peseng variant of tsengpe > where: ["tsEN.pE] P F inter. tsengpe variant of peseng > where, place where: ["tsE.Na] P F conj. tsenga (derived from tseng place) whether, or: [ft'Ej] P F conj. ftxey

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which kind: ["fnE.pE] P F inter. fnepe variant of pefnel which kind: [pE."fnEl] P F inter. pefnel variant of fnepe while, same time as: [tEN."kr] P F conj. tengkrr (c.w. from teng same, equal" and krr time) > whisper: ["ts·I.sy·I] P F vin. tsìsyì > whisper: [sæ."tsI.syI] P F n. sätsìsyì (derived from tsìsyì whisper) whistle: ["fw·E.fw·i] P F vin. fwefwi white: ["tEjR.pin] P F n. teyrpin (derived from teyr white) white: [tEjR] P F adj. teyr whitewater rapids (countable, but only ra> > rely): ["tsEl.tsul] P F n. tseltsul who: [pE."su] P F inter. pesu variant of tupe who: ["tu.pE] P F inter. tupe variant of pesu whole, totality: [wot'] P F n. wotx why: ["lum.pE] P F inter. lumpe variant of pelun why: [pE."lun] P F inter. pelun variant of lumpe wide: ["slo.a] P F adj. sloa widely, pervasively: [nI."ho.Et^] P F adv. nìhoet (derived from hoet vast, broad, expansive) width: [slo."snEp^] P F n. slosnep (derived from snep narrow) wife, female spouse: [mun."t'a.tE] P F n. muntxate (derived from muntxatu spouse) wild, natural (something in its original, unmodified, untampered-with natural state): [jr] P F adj. yrr " win: [j·o."R·aP] P F vtr. yora’ wind: [hu."fwE] P F n. hufwe wind instrument, horn: [pawk^] P F n. pawk > wing: [tsjal] P F n. tsyal winner: [jo."RaP.tu] P F n. yora’tu (derived from yora’ win) > wise: ["t'an.tslu.sam] P F adj. txantslusam (c.w. from txan much and tsl«us»am understand) wish: ["R·a.N·al] P F vin. rangal wish (contrary to fact, with perfective or imperfective subjunctive): [nI."Ra.Nal] P F adv. nìrangal (derived from rangal wish) with (accompaniment): [hu] P F adp. hu– with all heart, passionately: [nI."ft'a.vaN] P F adv. nìftxavang (derived from ftxavang passionate) with originality, originally, in an original > way: [nI."tsim] P F adv. nìtsim (derived from tsim source)

with perfective or imperfective subjunctive), wish (contrary to fact: [nI."Ra.Nal] P F adv. nìrangal (derived from rangal wish) with pleasure, pleasurably, gladly: [nI."pr.tEP] P F adv. nìprrte’ (derived from prrte’" pleasurable) with pride, proudly: [nI."nr.a] P F adv. nìnrra (derived from nrra pride)" with, by means of: [fa] P F adp. fa– without: ["lu.kE] P F adp. luke– without a doubt: [am."Pa.lu.kE] P F adv. am’aluke (derived from am’ake sure, confident) without clothing, naked: [luk."pEn] P F adj. lukpen (c.w. from luke without and pen clothing (plural)) without hesitation, trustingly: [nI."mal] P F adv. nìmal (derived from mal trustworthy) without limit, endless, boundless: ["t'Ew.lu.kE] P F adj. txewluke (c.w. from txew limit, border and luke without) without stopping, continuously, incessantly: [nIl.kE."ftaN] P F adv. nìlkeftang (c.w. from luke without and ftang stop) without tampering with or changing the nature, naturally: [nI."jr] P F adv. nìyrr (derived from yrr natural) " > without warning, suddenly: [tsIk] P F adv. tsìk womb: ["pr.ku] P F n. prrku (c.w. from prrnen baby and" kelku home) wonderful, terrific, fantastic: [ko."sman] P F adj. kosman wonderfully: [nIk."sman] P F adv. nìksman (derived from kosman wonderful) wood: [RIn] P F n. rìn word: ["lI.Pu] P F n. lì’u word-play, pun: ["lI.Pu.van] P F n. lì’uvan (c.w. from lì’u word and uvan game) words of a poem or lyrics of a song: [waj.æ ajlI.Pu] P F ph. wayä aylì’u (derived from way sing (ceremonial register)) work: [tI."kaN.kEm] P F n. tìkangkem (derived from kem action, deed) work: [tI."kaN.kEm "s·i] P F vin. tìkangkem si (derived from tìkangkem work) work correctly or as nature intended, be well, be intact, be as it should be: [z·o] P F svin. zo world (physical, solid): [ki."fkEj] P F n. kifkey

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worm: [NawN] P F n. ngawng worrisome matter, source of worry: > ["sNum.tsim] P F n. sngumtsim (c.w. from sngum worry and tsim source) worrisome, troubling: ["sNu.NaP] P F adj. sngunga’ (derived from sngum worry) worry: [sNum] P F n. sngum worry: [sNum s·i] P F vin. sngum si (derived from sngum worry) worryingly, fretfully: [nI."sNum] P F adv. nìsngum (derived from sngum worry) worsen, get worse: ["fE.P·ul] P F vin. fe’ul (c.w. from fe’ bad and ’ul increase) worsening (in the general or abstract sense): [tI."fE.Pul] P F n. tìfe’ul (derived from fe’ul worsen) worsening (specific instance): [sæ."fE.Pul] P F n. säfe’ul (derived from fe’ul worsen)

worst: ["PE.Pal] P F adj. ’e’al worthy: [p'an] P F adj. pxan wound: [sk'iR] P F n. skxir wound: ["sk'iR "s·i] P F vin. skxir si (derived from skxir wound) wounded: [lE."sk'iR] P F adj. leskxir (derived from skxir wound) wow, expression of surprise and pleasure: ["tEw.ti] P F intj. tewti write: [pam."REl "s·i] P F vin. pamrel si (derived from pamrel writing) writer: [pam."rEl.si.ju] P F n. pamrelsiyu (derived from pamrel writing) writing: [pam."REl] P F n. pamrel (c.w. from pam sound and rel image) wrong, incorrect, not right: [kE."jawR] P F adj. keyawr (c.w. from ke not and eyawr correct)

Y year: ["zI.sIt^] P F n. zìsìt yearn for: ["P·an.l·a] P F vtr. ’anla yearning: [sæ."Pan.la] P F n. sä’anla (derived from ’anla yearn for) yellow: [Rim] P F adj. rim yellow: ["Rim.pin] P F n. rimpin (derived from rim yellow) yes: ["sRa.nE] P F part., intj. srane yes (colloquial): [sRan] P F part., intj. sran yesterday: [tr."am] P F adv. trram (derived from trr day" and ham previous) yet, still, as before: [mi] P F adv. mi you: [Na] P F pn. nga

you (honorific form): [NE."Na] P F pn. ngenga (derived from nga you) you (pl.), you all: [aj."Na] P F pn. aynga (derived from nga you) you all, you (pl.): [aj."Na] P F pn. aynga (derived from nga you) you and I, we two, us two (dual inclusive): ["wEN] P F pn. oeng (derived from oe I) > you little, little you: ["Na.tsjIp^] P F pn. ngatsyìp (derived from nga you) young: ["PE.wan] P F adj. ’ewan young of an animal, bird, fish, insect: ["li.ni] P F n. lini

Z zero: [kEw] P F num. kew

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