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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225-014-0315-4
Epitypification and neotypification: guidelines with appropriate and inappropriate examples Hiran A. Ariyawansa & David L. Hawksworth & Kevin D. Hyde & E. B. Gareth Jones & Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura & Dimuthu S. Manamgoda & Kasun M. Thambugala & Dhanushka Udayanga & Erio Camporesi & Anupama Daranagama & Ruvishika Jayawardena & Jian-Kui Liu & Eric H. C. McKenzie & Rungtiwa Phookamsak & Indunil C. Senanayake & Roger G. Shivas & Qing Tian & Jian-Chu Xu
Received: 1 August 2014 / Accepted: 5 November 2014 # School of Science 2014
Abstract A review of phylogenetic studies carried out together with morphological ones shows that a major problem with most early studies is that they concentrated on techniques and used material or strains of fungi that in most cases were not carefully reference, and in a worrying number of cases wrongly named. Most classical species, particularly of microfungi, are not represented by adequate type material, or other authoritatively identified cultures or specimens, that can serve as DNA sources for phylogenetic study, or for
developing robust identification systems. Natural classifications of fungi therefore suffer from the lack of reference strains in resultant phylogenetic trees. In some cases, epitypification and neotypification can solve this problem and these tools are increasingly used to resolve taxonomic confusion and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families, or orders of fungi. This manuscript discusses epitypification and neotypification, describes how to epitypify or neotypify species and examines the importance of this process. A set of
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0315-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. A. Ariyawansa : K. D. Hyde (*) : J.
