Spanish observatory of Bike-sharing
Bike-sharing schemes Esther Anaya Doctoral researcher
Contemporary transportation and logistics course - guest seminar University of Greenwich, 7th March 2017
Contents • Introduction – Definition – Global evolution – Spain - case study > PREZI
• Role of bike-sharing in mobility • Challenges (and opportunities) – – – – –
Information Management Social Economic Conceptual
• Thank you and Q&A
24 Feb 2017
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Definition • Shared bicycles hire systems of a public nature – also understood as an individual public transport system. • Unidirectionality of trips
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Global evolution
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Global evolution Hangzhou, China (2009) Source: Shanghai Daily
Marrakech, Morocco (2016, COP22) Source: Smoove
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Evolution in Spain @bici_publica
Observatory presentation. Velocittà conference (Switzerland), 2016 https://prezi.com/x9qoqclufmpf/whats-in-the-future-for-bike-sharing/ Sources for this presentation: - Study on the update of the general database of bike-sharing in Spain - Survey to general population: mode choice, use, behaviour.
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Role of bike-sharing in mobility • Sharing in transport
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Role of bike-sharing in mobility • Visualising needs and conflicts
El Periódico. Av. Diagonal, Barcelona
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Role of bike-sharing in mobility • Transitions: Can bike-sharing contribute to a more sustainable mobility system?
Transition theory (transport). Geels, F.
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Role of bike-sharing in mobility • In an extreme event or catastrophe, bike-sharing can contribute to generate a shock in the system which allows a transition from a marginal option towards a more prominent one.
http://bikeshare.com/category/lifestyle/
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Role of bike-sharing in mobility
Earthquake and tsunami, Japón, 2011. Source: Reuters. Sandy Hurricane, New York, 2012. Source: Getty Tom Tom Traffic
>1M trips in Olympic London, July 2012. Source: The Guardian
Bike the strike. London, 2015. Source: Shutterstock
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CHALLENGES • • • • • •
Information challenges Management challenges Financial challenges Other economic challenges Social challenges Conceptual challenges
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Information challenges • Open data, big data: – Apps – Data management – Transparency…
Barclays Cycle Hire – Londres (UK)
Information challenges • Research
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Management challenges • Complexity
•Feasibility studies •Follow up and evaluation •Flexibility/adaptat ion!
Wood, J. et al.,2011. 15
Management challenges • Environmental coherence: air pollution emissions CO2 Modal change from motorized vehicle to the bicycle (10%)
SAVINGS
EMISSION
Bicycle redistribution in motorized transport (Vans and lorries)
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Management challenges • Evaluation – Objectives > indicators
Source: Fishman, 2015
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Management challenges • Integration with public transport
Transport for London Logos
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Management challenges • Environmental adaptation…
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Managament/financial challenges • Lack of transparency OCT 30, 2013
•Careful with bids, procurement and contracts •Establish a financial plan, look for sponsors and funding
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Economic challenges • Sponsors: - Is it desirable to use brands in public spaces and services? - How much is enough to put a name to the scheme? (Bicing: Vodafone 4 M euros in 3 years– 8,6% annual costs; Barclays (Now Santander) 20% annual costs) - Es deseable?
La ordenanza de Paisaje Urbano del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, impide la publicidad en los “vehículos de transporte (...) para preservar el carácter emblemático” de los mismos.
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Social challenges • In the management side: – Social coherence: workers from social programmes – Employment: In Barcelona, every 24 public bicycles generate one direct job position (service andmaintenance) (Avilés, C. et al., 2011)
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Project Biciboi – Fundación Marianao
Social challenges • For users – Public service = for everyone?
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Social challenges - Equity
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Conceptual challenges • What happens with private bicycle trips? % cumulative increase since 2004 On-street bicycle parking Inner city trips Km cycle lanes
2014/2004 459% 338% 86%
Desplazamientos internos diarios en bicicleta en Barcelona 140.000 120.000 100.000 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.000 0 2004
2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 Internos (Bicicleta privada)
2010 2011 2012 Internos (Bicing)
2013
2014
•Trip purpose of private bicycle and of public bicycles are partly different •The user profile can be different… or not (multimodal user)
Fuente: E.Anaya, 2015 a partir de Ayto. de Barcelona
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Conceptual challenges • Normalisation of cycling
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Conceptual challenges • Cost-benefit, what to include: positive Not so externalities
applicable with electric bicycles…
– Economic benefits for health of Bicing are estimated 21,1 M € (costs are 18 M €) – Benefits of physical activity with Bicing overweight up to 79 times the health risks caused by air pollution exposure and Fuente: Rojas-Rueda, D. et al. 2011 accidentality 28
THANK YOU! Q&A Esther Anaya Doctoral researcher Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London
[email protected],
[email protected]
@anayaesther http://www.linkedin.com/in/estheranaya http://imperial.academia.edu/EstherAnaya 29
