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May 8, 2017 - Presentation 5: Blue economy role: industrial fishing of Bangladesh . ..... Moreover, creating coastal green belt through afforestation ... ship building and recycling, train seafarers, operation of sea going ships, operation of sea.
EU-BGD Joint Collaboration on Blue Economy Maritime Affairs Unit, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, GoB with the support of the European Union

Regional workshop Blue Economy in South East of Bangladesh Major Opportunities and Constraints

Chittagong, 08 May 2017

Table of contents Presentation of the Document and Acknowledgements ....................................................... 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 4 Session 1: Blue Economies presentations ............................................................................... 6 Opening word ........................................................................................................................... 6 Blue Economy Presentations................................................................................................... 7 Blue economy: concept, opportunities and its application in Bangladesh......................... 7 Presentation 1: Ocean/blue economy-opportunities & constraints .................................... 7 Presentation 2: Blue economy and oceanic tourism .......................................................... 8 Presentation 3: Human resource development in blue economy perspective .................... 8 Presentation 4: Blue Economy: Opportunity and Constraints in Bangladesh ................... 9 Presentation 5: Blue economy role: industrial fishing of Bangladesh ............................... 9 Presentation 6: Optimal use of marine resources and economic development in Bangladesh ......................................................................................................................... 9 Presentation 7: Domestication of aquaculture species ..................................................... 10 Presentation 8: Linking coastal defence with blue growth .............................................. 10 Open discussion ............................................................................................................... 10 Session 2: BE matrix .............................................................................................................. 12 Discussions ...................................................................................................................... 17 Session 3: Synthesis and Wrap-up........................................................................................ 18 Annexe 1: Agenda .................................................................................................................. 20 Annexe 2: List of participants............................................................................................... 21

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Presentation of the Document and Acknowledgements This document presents the summary of the presentations and the main elements of discussions. It also reports the Blue Economy Matrix that has been elaborated by all participants. The agenda of the workshop and the list of participants are given in the annexes. The workshop was held on the 8th of May 2017. It has consisted of one morning session of presentations on BE topics and one afternoon session of development of the BE matrix in restricted groups. A synthesis session has closed the workshop. This workshop including drafting and editing this proceeding has been made possible by financial support from the European Union through EU-BGD Joint Collaboration on Blue Economy in Bangladesh implemented by the Maritime Affairs Unit, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and AECOM, Spain. EU-BGD Blue Economy Expert Mission express their sincere thanks to Professor Shahadat Hossain, Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries (IMSF), University of Chittagong, for his involvement as Lead Facilitator to organize nicely this workshop in South East region. Sincere thanks are due to the participants from different institutions/departments, especially the resource persons for their active participation, constructive comments and suggestions that provided valuable insights in understanding the blue economy aspects in southeast coast perspectives of Bangladesh. Special thanks to the faculty members of the Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries (IMSF) of the University of Chittagong for selecting and communicating with the resource persons as well as facilitated this important workshop. The drafting of the minutes and synthesis of the sessions has benefited from the participation of Shahadat Hossain, M Shah Nawaz Chowdhury of IMSF, University of Chittagong and Gulam Hussain and Pierre Failler of EU-BGD Joint Collaboration on Blue Economy in Bangladesh who have ensured the overall coordination.

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Executive Summary Regional workshop on “Blue Economy in South East of Bangladesh: Major Opportunities and Constraints” was held at Chittagong on 08 May 2017 under the financial support from the European Union through EU-BGD Joint Collaboration on Blue Economy in Bangladesh. The objective is to discuss the pathway for the blue economy implementation in the Southeast of Bangladesh with an emphasis on opportunities, constraints and the coordination mechanism to develop. It was emphasized that blue economy is the utilization of ocean resources for increasing food security, improving nutrition and health, alleviating poverty, creating jobs, generating alternative energy, lifting seaborne trade and industrial profiles while protecting ecosystem health and biodiversity. A total of 21 participants from academia, government departments, industry, and entrepreneurs have participated in the workshop and contributed from professional perspective. Integrated and intersectoral/inter-ministerial coordination including academia-industry, public-private, resource-responsibility, and time-space are essential to bring forward the relevant issues related to blue economy development in Bangladesh. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) can designate ocean spaces for specific uses such as marine cage farming, fishing zones for artisanal and industrial fishers, navigation routes for international and domestic shipping, marine protected area (MPAs), marine fishing grounds, breeding grounds of valuable and important species, and migration routes of marine species to generate strong foundation for economic earnings and social benefits. Coastal and marine fisheries activities have identified as the most dominant sector in terms of community livelihoods, cash income and food security. But recent fishing pressure with efficient gears and ever increasing number of fishers have diminished high value fishes. The recent catch composition is dominated by least valued sardines, the participants mentioned. Marine fisheries stock assessment is needed, which can aid to determine the potential fishing efforts in the maritime zone. Moreover, routine surveillance and monitoring of fishing vessels by using MCS or VMS system can track fishing operation, the participants suggested. Expansion of fishing horizon in geographical and technological fronts can add high valued large species (e.g. tuna, mackerel, threadfin, pomfret) and at the same time industrial fishing companies need to raise R&D funds to support government initiatives in fisheries development. It is essential to introduce breeding, seed production and ranching programmes for some commercially viable marine fish species. Domestication of leading species (tiger shrimp, mullets, seabass, pomfrets, hilsa, etc.), marine cage culture, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), best management practices and biotechnological advances need to apply in shrimp and crab farming. Additionally, silvofishery is a multi-use system that promotes a harmonious co-existence between aquaculture and mangrove forests while ensuring income, food security, coastal defence, community resilience, and restoration and/or conservation of the mangroves. Participants encouraged to adopt breeding technology of mud crab and Asian seabass to produce fry in hatchery condition, which can be attained by collaborating with organizations from Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. In this regard, local funds like PKSF could be the options to support aquaculture sector. Ocean based tourism can be promoted by utilizing the scenic beauty of offshore and near shore islands with unique cultural values of indigenous community that will generate new 4

tourism entrepreneurs with jobs and income in the locality. Control and treatment of marine pollution at sources i.e. ship borne and land-based pollutants are essential. Carrying capacity of the ecosystems i.e. St. Martin’s, Sunderban, Nijhum Dwip, and the likes can ensure sustainable utilization and conservation of the ecosystem. Shoreline can be stabilized through ecosystems engineers (e.g. oyster reef, salt marsh, mangroves) and it can translate into ecosystem goods and services for developing and sequestering the blue economy on improving social and economic conditions in Bangladesh. The participants unanimously agreed that sector-wise interventions will generate jobs and bring about tangible changes in the lives and livelihood of the people.

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Session 1: Blue Economies presentations Opening word Dr M Shahadat Hossain, Professor, IMSF, University of Chittagong The workshop began with a brief welcome speech by the Lead Facilitator Professor Dr M Shahadat Hossain from the Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries (IMSF) of the University of Chittagong. At the beginning of the event Prof. Hossain expressed his sincere gratitude to the EU-BGD mission to Chittagong, the port city and commercial capital of Bangladesh, to discuss this blue economy issue. Professor Hossain briefly mentioned the characteristics of the Bay of Bengal, the settlement of maritime border disputes with neighbouring states and importance of oceans to support life on the earth. He defined blue economy as the utilization of ocean resources for increasing food security, improving nutrition and health, alleviating poverty, creating jobs, generating alternative energy, lifting seaborne trade and industrial profiles while protecting ecosystem health and biodiversity. He mentioned several interventions for blue economy development in Bangladesh addressing ecosystem health, marine fishing horizon, discovering new fisheries, and community resilience that contribute in SDGs. Focusing the theme ‘marine fisheries sustainability’ Professor Hossain discussed the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (SWOT).

Internal

Helpful

Harmful

Strengths o Abundance in fisheries o Species are mostly coastal and estuarine o Experienced and skilled fishers o Increased fishers and fishing efforts o Established marketing channels

Weakness o Few species in deeper zones & open sea o Fishing operation extremely expensive o Deficit in ocean observation, data assimilation & simulation infrastructure o Insufficient R&D funding on marine fisheries studies o Lack of conservation initiatives

External

Marine Fisheries

Opportunities Threats o Defined maritime boundary o Species are highly migratory o Presence of keystone ecosystems e.g. o Natural maritime hazards i.e. depression/signal mangrove, saltmarsh and coral reef o Ocean acidification, hypoxia, SST, o Global priority on oceans sedimentation, etc. o Market demands from local to global o Insufficient fishing water for tuna long liner, o Direct contribution towards SDGs hook fishing

Professor Hossain thanked the participants for being on time and hoped that the day’s activities would be finished as scheduled. With these few opening remarks, the participants are requested to introduce themselves.

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Blue Economy Presentations Objectives, scope and expected output of the workshop Pierre Failler, University of Portsmouth, UK, and EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh The objective of the workshop is to discuss the pathway for the Blue Economy implementation in the South East of Bangladesh with an emphasis on opportunities, constraints and the coordination mechanism to develop. In that regards, presentations on various dimensions of the BE will contribute to share information and knowledge on numerous current and planned initiatives. This will help to develop a common vision for BE development in Bangladesh and more particularly in the South-East Region. It will also provide support for the identification of the positive and negative externalities resulting from the development of various activities and therefore highlight the need for coordination and spatial planning. Blue economy: concept, opportunities and its application in Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Gulam Hussain, Fisheries and Aquaculture Expert, EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh This presentation explains the concepts and major opportunities of major economic sectors to the development of blue economy and highlights the constraints in achieving this goal in Bangladesh. The productive economic sectors are emphasized and considered in harnessing the full utilization of ocean based resources within the present maritime boundary of Bangladesh. Under blue economy approach within a comprehensive framework of ecosystem based management if ocean spaces are properly planned and managed to carryout intersectoral coordination with public-private partnership and investment will certainly generate strong foundation for huge earnings and economic benefits. If marine based economic resources with potential sectors be managed and governed by principles of biodiversity protection, conservation and efforts for care are intertwined with a vision of scientific understanding, and then the blue economy can create some opportunities to resolve the issues of climate changes at the coastal areas. It might also generate jobs and bring about tangible changes in the lives and livelihood of the millions of people living along the coastline, in islands and across Bangladesh. The presentation lays out the major constraints in achieving the goal of utilizing the untapped opportunities and the potential for developing the blue economy on improving social and economic conditions in Bangladesh. These constraints can be turned into opportunities if coordinated approaches with concerned stakeholders are made to ensure that development of the blue economy does not result in unsustainable and damaging practices for the benefit of short term economic gains over longer terms sustainable economic and social benefits. Inter-ministerial coordination is very much vital and essential to bring forward all the relevant developmental issues related to blue economy in Bangladesh. Presentation 1: Ocean/blue economy-opportunities & constraints

Md. Mahbub Alam, Marine Fisheries Academy, Fish Harbour, Chittagong, Bangladesh Oceans provide a substantial portion of the global population with food and livelihoods, deliver 80% of global trade and support all life today by generating oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, recycling nutrients. Major opportunities include fisheries, aquaculture, maritime transportation, shipbuilding, ship recycling, marine tourism, renewable energy, maritime surveillance, and governance. Construction of new sea port and increase the facilities in existing ports are essential. Moreover, creating coastal green belt through afforestation program may act as natural barrier against natural disasters e.g. tropical cyclone, tidal surge, and coastal erosion. 7

Major constraints are absence of marine finfish farming, coastal and marine pollution, absence of renewable energy generation facilities, weak maritime surveillance and monitoring system, limited inter-agency cooperation and the likes. science-based approach is important in the development of the blue economy. Presentation 2: Blue economy and oceanic tourism

Prof. Dr Javed Hossain, Department of Marketing, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh The ultimate of any economic activity is human well-being. And true development is vastly impossible by ignoring the proportion of water constituting about 71% of earth’s surface amounting to 333 million cubic miles, of which 97.5% being ocean water and only 2.5% being fresh water. The development potentials that lie in various industry sectors, tourism is the largest of all even bigger than arms and oil industry. It is the fastest growing industry as well with a growth rate of 7% annually. The marine/coastal ecosystems of the third world countries are the most ecologically and culturally diverse regions of the world that are attracting more tourists each year. Coastal areas historically have served as major tourist attractions for travellers. Bangladesh, with a coastline of 710 km, can truly be an excellent example to the rest of the world regarding the development of her economy based on coastal/marine biodiversity. However, exploring the potentials from oceanic tourism on part of Bangladesh has a lot issues to deal with. Only with proper planning, management, funding, patronizing, governance, and monitoring of ocean-based tourism activities can fruits of blue economy be enjoyed. Focus should, thus, be given not only on how ocean resources can be explored, but also on the conservation, restoration, and equitable distribution among pro-poor community to ensure sustainable development of Bangladesh in the coming years. Presentation 3: Human resource development in blue economy perspective

Capt. Kazi A.B.M Shameem, Bangladesh Marine Academy, Chittagong, Bangladesh Bangladesh has a long heritage of maritime activity focusing shipping, shipbuilding, ship repairing, ship recycling, fishing and farming, and port and harbour operations. Over the years Bangladesh has acquired its position as “B” category member in IMO and a council member too. Shipping is considered to be the most cost effective and efficient way of transporting goods where 90% by volume is carried through sea. In order to operate 70000+ seagoing vessels a pool of nearly 1.5 million competent seafarers are running the mainstream shipping. Since 1954 Bangladesh formally started MET with the inception of Seaman Training Center (for crew training) and later in 1962 with the inception of Bangladesh Marine Academy (only for officers training). These two institutes have been endeavouring to develop a competent pool of main stream seafarer under the guidelines of STCW convention. Although the scale of pool may not be encouraging in the context of world scale but however today a pool of seafarer stand over 11,000+ (Officers & Crew). With the establishment of seaward boundaries with neighbouring countries, opportunities have opened up for off shore activities. Thus, government emphasizes on blue economy where traditional way of seafaring may not serve the purpose. In this context, we need off shore engineer, rig master, operators, subsea engineer, Dp vessel, AHT, FPSO, and many more of this kind to operate and manage both off shore and on shore. Recently, BUET has included off shore technology in course curricula. Though DU, CU, BSMRMU, NU and SUST has undergraduate program on oceanography, but the Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries at the University of Chittagong is the oldest institution for human resource development on ocean science. Concept of blue economy would be beneficial to Bangladesh 8

economy if we can transform our base line knowledge to more specialize education and training by embracing off shore engineering & technology into our system of relevant education. Presentation 4: Blue Economy: Opportunity and Constraints in Bangladesh

Md. Shafiqul Islam, Principal Officer, Mercantile Marine Office, Chittagong, Bangladesh Maritime activity encompasses fishing, hydrocarbon exploration, maritime tourism & leisure, ship building and recycling, train seafarers, operation of sea going ships, operation of sea ports and its support services as well as renewable energy sources. The challenges include sovereignty over maritime zone, maintain security over the economic area, establish infrastructure for marine tourists, conservation of biodiversity, preserve mangrove and sea grass ecosystems, managing carbon emission, addressing ocean acidification and blue carbon, marine pollution, and intensification of culture based fisheries. The recommendation focus creating sea economic zone (SEZ) like as EPZ to promote blue economy in Bangladesh. Presentation 5: Blue economy role: industrial fishing of Bangladesh

M. Monowar Parvez, Sea Resources Group (RANGS Concern), Bangladesh Blue economy is the economy that is gained through utilization of sea resources maintaining healthy environment in view of poverty reduction and conservation of resources for the next generations. Sea Resource Group (SRG) has been operating fishing in the Bay of Bengal since its inception in 1980. SRG is pioneer in industrial fishing sector and operating 23 commercial fishing trawlers with about 1,000 employees. In aspects of Business and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), the SRG is concern about blue economy concept. The recent initiative for marine fisheries stock assessment with identifying new fishing grounds in the Bangladesh territory of the Bay of Bengal in the milestone opportunity. Increasing new trawlers without assessing the available fisheries resources, lack of sciencebased directions and modern technologies, IUU fishing in the restricted areas (i.e. reserve zone, shallow depth) and using restricted fishing gears are the constraints. Presentation 6: Optimal use of marine resources and economic development in Bangladesh

M. Nur Nobi, Department of Economics, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh Bangladesh covers 148,460 sq km with 18,290 sq km water coverage, 710 km of coastline, 200 nm exclusive economic zone and 12 nm terrestrial zone. The maritime zone of Bangladesh covers 118,813 sq km in the Bay of Bengal. Marine fisheries limited within 200m depth and employed 0.3 million people. No recent study/statistics of marine open access fisheries stocks, last one was in 1984-85. Marine route is mainly used for cargo shipping with minimum uses of passenger. Currently there is no deep sea port in Bangladesh. Tourism operation focuses St. Martin’s, Cox’s Bazar, and Sundarbans. Marine fisheries harvest at MSY/MEY level is necessary for resource management and profitable fisheries with optimal efforts. Installation of deep sea port and modernization of existing ports are essential to provide profitable services to regional economy. Expansion of cargo shipping inside the country is necessary; cost effective and also passenger shipping both inside and outside the country. Introduce nature based tourism or marine eco-tourism as well as exploration and extraction of minerals are the potentials.

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Presentation 7: Domestication of aquaculture species

S.M. Sharifuzzaman, Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh There is huge diversity of species and farming techniques in aquaculture, but not all farmed species are domesticated. Estimate suggests that 90% of the global aquaculture industry is based on wild and undomesticated stocks. This is because success in domestication (i.e. a condition wherein the lifecycle, breeding, care and feeding of an organism are totally controlled by humans) has only been achieved on a small number of species such as carp, trout, catfish, tilapia, shrimp/prawn and molluscs. In Bangladesh context, domestication process of marine species has been extremely slow compared to their freshwater counterparts, and limited to a few fish and crustaceans. As of now, only the entire lifecycle of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) has been closed under captive condition, but with inputs of wild brood. The majority of species, on the other hand, are belong to ‘first level’ domestication with bottlenecks of closing the lifecycle in captivity. Therefore, future growth of marine aquaculture will largely depend on our ability to successfully domesticate of both currently farmed and new species. The advantages of domestication are that: i) the growth (quantity and quality), ii) the reproduction (timing), and iii) the costs (time and labour) of domesticated organism can be controlled or manipulated. Presentation 8: Linking coastal defence with blue growth

M. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury, IMARES, Waganingen University, The Netherlands Coastal erosion is becoming one of the major threats to coastal development due to the increase of storm surges intensity and sea level rise. A large number of coastal embankments even with armoring concrete blocks have been collapsed due to vertical erosion down the barrier caused by erosive wave during monsoon season in Bangladesh. Moreover, conventional engineering solutions are challenged by ever rising maintenance costs and unwanted ecological side effects. Use of ecosystems and their services in coastal protection has gained strong interest over the last decade. Coastal protection systems can profit from ecosystem engineering species called ecosystem engineers, which can create, maintain and modify the biotic and abiotic environments of the habitats in which they live. Several distinct ecosystem engineers’ viz., coral reefs, reef forming bivalves, dense vegetation of kelps and sea grasses, marsh vegetation and mangroves are found in playing protective roles by their structures and activities particularly in the shallow estuarine and coastal areas. These organisms are able to trap and stabilize sediment in intertidal area by changing the tidal flow dynamics and subsequently attenuating waves, make them as potential candidates to fully replace man-made coastal protection systems consisting of dikes and dams, or to use for foreland protection in minimizing forces on the dikes and dams. They also facilitate habitats for other aquatic organism and by doing so, they can enhance fisheries productivity. The ability of these organisms can be translated into economic benefits through ecological engineering. This technique can be applied as intervention for blue growth particularly in aquatic food production, and also may offer an alternative, ecosystem-based solution to mitigate erosion problem in Bangladesh. Open discussion

Twenty six sectors have been discussed in the meeting that could be linked with blue economy development in Bangladesh. Among those sectors, tourism, viz. marine fisheries, marine aquaculture and coastal protection were prioritized as potential issues for this meeting. Participants mentioned, ocean based tourism can be promoted by utilizing the scenic 10

resources at local levels particularly in near shore islands. Uniqueness of the cultural values, livelihood activities, mode of socioeconomic life and their indigenousness in coastal areas can be highlighted for attracting tourists. Easy access to those areas and security measures could boost up this sector. Participants recommended to establish the partnership among local people, government and private sectors entities, which will create new tourism entrepreneurs and jobs for local community. Coastal aquaculture and marine fisheries activities have been identified as most dominating sector in terms of community livelihoods, cash income and food security. Participants reported, excessive fishing pressure has increased in recent days due to the operational activities of about 200 industrial trawlers. Fisheries productivities have been dropped particularly for high value fishes and some of those are about to finish. Now days, catch composition is mostly dominated by least valued small fishes, like sardines. Questions are raised, how to reduce the fishing pressure? Holistic stock assessment is urgently needed, participants said, which can aid to determine the carrying capacity of the Bay. Participants suggested MCS system in addition to VMS for monitoring the number of industrial fishing vessels, those are in operation. Participants reported, more patrol vessels should involve for strengthening the surveillance. Managing artisanal fishing is also getting difficult due to lack of right management strategy. Data related to efforts and real catch are scarce. Licencing are mandatory and its functionality should strictly be monitored for regulating the unplanned expansion of this sector. Horizontal expansion of fishing zone is encouraged by the participants, tuna fishing was identified as the new option, but require international treaty and joining as full member of IOTC to share the common resources in deep seas. Participants argued, jatka (juvenile hilsa) catches are accidental during industrial fishing and added the question, how to avoid it in perspective of hilsa conservation, whereas it is strictly restricted by the law. They suggested to avoid the fishing place, where jatka population migrates as their common routes. In this regards, migratory routs need to be discovered and incorporated in management measures. Industries related to fishing business should raise R&D funds for knowing the actual fisheries facts about the stock, common interests and join hands in findings sustainable solutions to recover the fishery resources. Participants identified biotechnology and mineralogy as under prioritized sectors, which need more attention for developing technical knowhow related to exploration. Culture techniques for marine fishes (mullets, seabass, pomfrets, hilsa, etc.) and soft shell crab farming were encouraged to increase the fisheries production, but their sustainability depends on complete control over their whole life cycle including artificial propagation of those species. Participants encouraged to adopt the hatchery technologies, which can be attained by collaborating with foreign agencies from neighbouring countries. viz. Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia have been spotted out as the potential countries, which can support mariculture development in Bangladesh. Local funds like PKSF could be the options from where aquaculture sector can be benefited. Diseases were identified as one of the major constraints in vertical growth of tiger shrimp. Best management practices and biotechnological advances (like probiotics, development of SPF stocks) were recommended to combat this problem. Furthermore, participants added a new sector i.e., sustainable coastal defence to ensure the blue growth because shoreline stability is the prime importance for all kind of economic development in the coast. Functional difficulties of hard engineering approach were discussed that limit the sustainability of the regions. On the contrary, use of ecosystems engineers (like oyster reef, salt marsh, mangroves etc.) and their ecosystem services can be translated into coastal protection in addition with economic returns through ecological engineering. Success story of such approach from an Island called Kutubdia has been shown in the meeting, which is appreciated by the all participants. 11

Session 2: BE matrix At the beginning of the afternoon session (after lunch and prayer beak) Dr. Pierre Failler made a brief presentation on blue economy matrix with a template and asked the participants to list out potential blue economy activities on a priority basis, find out major opportunities, constraints, gaps, existing and potential conflicts through participatory discussion among the group members. The discussion centred on participant’s perceptions of blue economic interventions that had occurred in their institution/department/agency (e.g., fisheries, tourism, shipping), as well as associated phenomena (e.g., extending fishing horizon in high seas, marine tourism routes and destination, international and domestic shipping routes, designated maritime zone through MSP). Participatory discussion evolved a series of qualitative multidisciplinary approaches to learn about local-level conditions and local expert’s perspectives. The participants were then divided into four groups comprising 3-4 members and were asked to develop the blue economy matrix. Professor Hossain and Dr. Hussein moderated the group discussion process. The group works continued for about one hour after which representative from each group presented the blue economy matrix they just developed and incorporated the suggestions, where necessary. The four blue economy matrixes with particulars of the group members are given in the following tables.

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Aquaculture Subsector Mariculture

Aquaculture

Sector

Opportunities

Constraints

Gaps

Market -Huge demand on domestic and global -Major source of quality protein

Business environment a. Lack of finance b. Bureaucratic system c. Political unrest d. Poaching

Information a. Lack of data

Environment/resources -Coastal resource (710 km potential area for fisheries, aquaculture and other activities) -Marine resource (various species i.e. -fin fishes i.e. seabass, mullet, pomphret and others -crustaceans i.e. shrimps, crabs, lobsters etc. - molluscs i.e oyster, mussel, clams, bivalves and others, -aquatic plants, two types a)–micro e.g. Skeletonema sp, Chaetoceros sp., Chlorella sp. others and b) macro algae e.g. seaweeds-Sargassum, Hypnea, Caulerpa sp. Ulva etc. -Marine invertebrates i.e sea urchin, sea cucumber etc. -Cage culture and pen culture in nearshore and offshore area i.e. Moheshkhali-kutubdia channel, Sonadia island, Dubla island.

Trade issues a. International standard b. Traceability c. Misuse and overuse of drugs/chemicals Access resources a. Land and resource conflict b. Power supply c. Road accessibility

Knowledge a. Lack of expertize Capacities a. Lack of technology Regulation a. Lack of awareness b. Lack of coordination c. Lack of lawenforcement

Regulation: water law, ECA (Ecologically Critical Area), ICZM 2005, Marine Protected Area (MPA) 2105?

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Externalities & Existing & potential conflicts Land use conflict, tourism, navigation, coastal salt production, afforestation,

Coordination needs Inter-ministerial co-ordination, Govt. and private organization, Research and administration collaboration

Spatial planning needs Yes 1. Cage culture and pen culture in priority basis

Actions (priority order) 1. Seed production on Crabs, fin fishes, and molluscs. 2. New/Noble mariculture technology

Marine fisheries Sector

Sub-sector

Opportunities

Constraints

Gaps

Fisheries

A)Artisanal

A) Market-domestic

A) Business environ.partial control

A) Information-to have information gap

Trade issues-control by middle man, maintain low quality

Knowledge-poor knowledge and sharing

B) Industrial

Environment/ resources-yes Regulation-yes B) Industrial Marketdomestic/export Environment/ resources-yes Regulation-yes

Access resources- open access B) Industrial Business environ.-partly control by syndicate Trade issues-limited access to EU market due to IUU fishing Access resourcesregulated by ordinance

Capacities-weak capacities like navigational tools, lifesaving appliances and communicational equipment Regulation-poorly implemented due to lack of manpower and logistic supports B) Industrial Information-gap due to update information on stock Knowledge- at sufficient level Capacity-to reduce fishing effort Regulation-has to be improved using updated equipment, apply robust MCS system including observer on board

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Externalities and Existing and potential conflicts A) Artisanal 1. -Breach of regulation to take fishing licence often being observed 2. -multigear conflict at nursing zone 3. B) Industrial 4. -Trial permission 5. used

fishing

-conflict of gear

6. -Unintentional jatka netting

Coordination needs Needs to be strengthened among all stakeholders including public, private, academia and foreign counterparts

Spatial planning needs -To implement short, mid and long term planning -To control pollution for restoring habitat in order to revive original fish stock

Actions (priority order) 1) Fishing pressure has to be reduced 2) Applying TAC system 3) Joint effort for trans boundary species including hilsa 4) Species-wise stock dynamics 5) To waive licencing fee 6) To implement fish ranching programme for some commercially viable species 7) Initiating project on climate change

Marine tourism

Subsector Ecotourism / Nature based tourism

Tourism

Sector

Opportunities

Constraints

Gaps

Market Both domestic and Global market

Businesses environment. Favourable to some extent, No appropriate declared zones, Insufficient facilities

Information Insufficient access to information

Environment/ resources Swatch of No ground, Saint Martin, Sundarban, Patenga, and Cox’s Bazar Regulation National Tourism Act 2013, Integrated Coastal Management Policy 2007, Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act 1995, Marpol 73/78, Bangladesh Biodiversity Conservation, Tourist Police Act 2015, MPA (SNG & Sundarban)

Trade issues Mostly Seasonal, Absence of local & regional Passenger trade,

Access resources Open Access Resources

Knowledge Inadequate knowledge to the mass people

Externalities and Existing and potential conflicts Natural calamity, Environmental thread, biodiversity loss, local displacement, land use conflict, ethnic and cultural conflicts

Coordination needs

Spatial planning needs

Need integrated and inter-sectoral coordination

Yes, appropriate zoning is essential for better management

Actions (priority order)

1) Tourists friendly Policy on Eco/nature based tourism 2) Entertainment, 3) Awareness &

Capacities Insufficient capacities in terms of infrastructure and expertise, Mode of transport Regulation Overlapping and Conflicting

4) Capacity building, 5) Dissemination 6) Conservation and 7) Monitoring, 8) Carrying Capacity, 9) Valuation, 10) Community participation 11) Safety and Security

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Coastal defense Subsector Eco-engineered coastal defense

Coastal Defense

Sector

Opportunities

Constraints

Market Business environ. • New alternative or add- • Site selection on to conventional • Ownership coastal defence 8. (DoEF, DoF, MoL) • BWDB/Water • Unconventional Resources Ministry fishery item • Repliable to other (Oyster) countries • Community • Sea food Involvement • Income generating option Trade issues • Advocacy Environment/ resources • Vast intertidal flats with • Sea food transports • Sea food processing favourable parameters • Make the coast resilient • Meeting international by habitat facilitation standards . Regulation • Restauration • Conservation

Access resources • Dynamic nature regulate the availability • Regulations

Gaps Information • Scarce of practical information Knowledge • Use of ecosystem engineers • Technical knowhow Capacities • Research/technical innovations Regulation • Bottom up views • Common interest for inter sectors • Law coordination

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Externalities and Existing and potential conflicts • Hard engineering activities • Navigation • Other coastal development • SLR • Storm surges

Coordination needs • Ministry of water resources (BWDB) • Ministry of Fisheries • Ministry of Environment • Resources user groups • Local community

Spatial planning needs

Actions (priority order)

• Geospatial Habitat 1) suitability Models for selecting the 2) right sites 9. 3)

4)

5) 6) 7) 8)

Identify Ecosystem engineers Understanding their ecosystem services (sediment accumulation, wave attenuating, supporting habitats for other organism etc.) Experimental design for technique development Pilot projects Filling gaps Up scaling Extension

Discussions

The group members actively participated in the discussion and contributed from their professional viewpoints. The participants of each group identified the sectors and sub-sectors with opportunities and constraints. The gaps and conflicts are acknowledged and unanimously agreed on the necessity of coordination and importance of MSP in blue economy development. The required actions/interventions are recognised and ranked on priority order.

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Session 3: Synthesis and Wrap-up After recent settlement of maritime border disputes with neighbouring states, Bangladesh is entitled to 118,813 km2 of the Bay of Bengal comprising her territorial sea and Exclusive Economic Zone. The shallow coastal waters (including internal waters and estuaries) and the shallow shelf sea constitute about 20% and 35% respectively, while the rest (45%) belongs to deep water region. The Bay of Bengal is crucial for food security and human health. Thus, the resources are extremely important to the society and economy. The participants have discussed and agreed to recommend prospective sectors with respective stakeholders and potential interventions for blue economic development in Bangladesh (Table 1). Coordination among different sectors, departments and agencies are essential though team works, group meeting, participatory field visit, training, expert sharing, and integration of responsibility. Moreover, it is recommended to develop Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) to provide decision makers with information about the geography, environment, natural phenomena, current and future uses for better planning of existing and future utilization of resources and space in the Bay of Bengal. Table 1. Recommended sectors with relevant stakeholders and potential interventions for blue economic development in Bangladesh Sectors Coordination among sectors/departments/ agencies Maritime boundary Marine fisheries

Respective stakeholder/ department/agency Bangladesh Navy, Shipping, Fisheries, Education, Science and Technology, Universities, BFRI, BORI Bangladesh Navy, Survey of Bangladesh, BIWTA DoF, IMSF, FMRT, BFRI

Coastal aquaculture, mariculture

IMSF, FMRT, BFRI

Marine tourism

Bangladesh Parjaton Corporation, private tour operators, hotel owners

Coastal protection

Bangladesh Water Development Board, Universities

Potential interventions Team works, group meeting, participatory field visit, training, expert sharing, integration of responsibility

Detailed bathymetric map, resource zonation Stock assessment, MSY, MEY, species catalogue, trace major breeding and nursing grounds of valuable and important species, habitat and migration route modelling (particularly for hilsa fishery), routine surveillance and monitoring of fishing vessels, spatio-temporal catch data of fishes, expansion of fishing horizon in geographical and technological fronts, industrial fishing companies need to raise R&D funds Domestication of leading species (tiger shrimp, mullets, seabass, pomfrets, hilsa, etc.), marine cage culture, sylvo-fishery (mangrove friendly shrimp and soft shell crab farming), integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), best management practices and biotechnological advances need to apply in shrimp and commercial marine fish farming Marine tourism route and destinations, promote water transport for passengers following the routes Khulna (Sunderban) – Kuakata –Manpura/Hatiya – Chittagong – Cox’s Bazar – St. Martin’s and so on. Determine environmental carrying capacity for each destination to promote nature-based tourism. Stabilize shoreline for economy and society, ecosystems engineers (e.g. oyster reef, salt marsh, mangroves) can translate into coastal protection with economic returns (success story has shown in Kutubdia island), hard engineering approach limits ecosystem goods and

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Capacity building

Ministry of Fisheries/ Education/Science and Technology/Defence/ Shipping/Commerce

Human resource development

Ministry of Fisheries/ Education/Science and Technology/Defence

Research

IMSF, FMRT, BFRI, BORI

services Entrepreneurs, investors and traders to continue and expand activities Bangladesh Navy and Coast guard to ensure safety, security and peace. Universities and research organizations to conduct research on various maritime aspects including resource management. Promote and update syllabus, curricula, physical and technical facilities (sea going and land based) of Bangladesh Navy Bangladesh Coast Guard IMSF of Chittagong University FMRT of Khulna University Bangladesh Marine Academy Marine Fisheries Academy BSMR Maritime University Marine fisheries, aquaculture/mariculture, stock assessment, biotechnology, species catalogue, habitat and range modelling of marine species.

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Annexe 1: Agenda EU-BGD Joint Collaboration on Blue Economy Maritime Affairs Unit, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, GoB with the support of the European Union

Regional workshop on Blue Economy in South East of Bangladesh: Major Opportunities and Constraints Date: 08 May 2017

Time: 9:00 AM-4:30 PM

Venue: Naba Inn, Chittagong

Aim: To discuss the pathways for the Blue Economy implementation in the South East Region of Bangladesh with an emphasis on opportunities, constraints and the coordination mechanism to develop. Time

Topic

0900-0930 0930 – 0945

Registration Welcome address

0945 – 1000

Objective and scope of the workshop

1000 – 1015

Presentation on Blue Economy concept, opportunities and its application in Bangladesh Tea break and group picture

1015 – 1030 1030 –12.00

Professor M Shahadat Hossain, Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Dr. Piere Failler, Economist (Team Leader) EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh Economics and Finance Dept. University of Portsmouth, UK Dr. M. Gulam Hussain, Fisheries and Aquaculture Expert, EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh, Former DG, BFRI

Thematic presentation on Blue Economy in South East of Bangladesh: 5 minutes each (using templates: baseline, opportunities, and constraints)

1300 – 1400 1400 – 1430

1. Ocean/blue economyopportunities & constraints 2. Blue economy and oceanic tourism 3. Human resource development in blue economy perspective 4. Blue Economy: Opportunity and Constraints in Bangladesh 5. Blue economy role: industrial fishing of Bangladesh 6. Optimal use of marine resources and economic development in Bangladesh 7. Domestication of Aquaculture Species 8. Linking coastal defense with blue growth Open discussion with a special attention on coordination Lunch and prayer Introduction to the BE matrix

1430 – 1530

Group works

1530 – 1600 1600 – 1630

Tea break Wrap-up and closing

12.00 –1300

Resource Person/Moderator/Facilitator

Mr. M. Mahbub Alam Marine Fisheries Academy, Fish Harbour, Chittagong Prof. Dr Javed Hossain Department of Marketing, CU Capt. Kazi A.B.M Shameem Bangladesh Marine Academy, Chittagong Mr. Md. Shafiqul Islam Principal Officer, Mercantile Marine Office, Chittagong Mr. M. Monowar Parvez Sea Resources Group (RANGS Concern) Mr. M. Nur Nobi Department of Economics, CU Dr. S.M. Sharifuzzaman Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Mr. M. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury Waganingen University, NL All participants

Dr. Piere Failler, Economist (Team Leader) EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh Moderators: Professor M Shahadat Hossain, Dr. M. Gulam Hussain Dr. Piere Failler, Economist (Team Leader) EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh

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Annexe 2: List of participants Sl. 1.

Name Professor Piere Failler

2.

Dr. M. Gulam Hussain

3.

Professor M Shahadat Hossain Mr. M.I. Golder

4. 5.

Professor Sayedur R Chowdhury

6.

Professor M. Ali Azadi

7.

Mr. M. Zahedur R Chowdhury Professor Dr Sheikh Aftab Uddin Professor Dr Javed Hossain Dr. S.M. Sharifuzzaman

8. 9. 10.

Organization/specialization Economist (Team Leader) EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh Economics and Finance Dept. University of Portsmouth, UK Fisheries and Aquaculture Expert EU-BGD Blue Economy in Bangladesh Former DG, BFRI Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Director, Marine Fisheries Office, DoF, Chittagong Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Ocean modelling, Marine fisheries survey Department of Zoology, CU Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Department of Marketing, CU Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Ocean resources management Harbour Group Marine Shrimp Sector

11.

Mr. Modabbir Ahmed Palash

12.

Mr. M. Mahbub Alam

13. 14.

Mr. M. Monowar Parvez Mr. M. Nur Nobi

15.

Representative

Commander BN Fleet New Mooring, Chittagong

16.

Capt. Kazi A.B.M Shameem Mr. Md. Shafiqul Islam

Bangladesh Marine Academy, Chittagong Mercantile Marine Office, Chittagong

17.

Marine Fisheries Academy, Fish Harbour, Chittagong Sea Resources Group (RANGS Concern) Department of Economics, CU

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Contacts Mobile: 01715-155980 Email: [email protected]

Mobile: 01715-155980 Email: [email protected]

Mobile: 01711-720950 Email: [email protected] Mobile:01715-385124 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01768-222912 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01715-071131 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01711-788270 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01753-771162 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01817-292529 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01711-122851 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01818-892234 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01979-217163 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01732-322365 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01716-395793 Email: [email protected] Mobile: Email: [email protected] [email protected] Mobile: 01711-374620 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01710-962724 Email: [email protected]

Sl. 18. 19.

Name Mr. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury Mr. Sushanta Bhattacharjee

20.

Mr. Mohiminul Islam

21.

Mr. Md. Jaker Hossain

Organization/specialization Waganingen University, NL Deputy Area Manager (Aquaculture) Eon Animal Health Products Ltd Eon Group Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, CU

22

Contacts Mobile: 01818-391059 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01729-076821 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01763-061996 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 01750-190681 Email: [email protected]