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Fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters, and erythrocyte and platelet membranes as indicators of long-term adherence to fat-modified diets13 Essi
S Sarkkinen,
ABSTRACT fled diets was acid
composition
cyte
(ER)
ords.
Dietary examined
Irma
adherence
to four
in
160
of serum
and
platelet
Subjects
were
groups:
J Agren,
subjects
randomly
(CEs)
assigned
diet)
10:8:8 12:8:3
2)
AHA
to one
(American
Heart
were
found
in the
ABA-type
groups. An increased found in the AHA-type
proportion group. The
of palmitic
and
were
acid
in CEs
significant
groups
acid
rapeseed
acid in CEs was in the proportions
palmitoleic
acids
ABA-type
and
the high-sat
group.
was
an indicator
of the use of low
which
was
the
monoene-enniched-diet
main
Am
in N’s
monoene-enniched-diet An
source
group.
in
monoene-enniched-diet
with
in CEs oil,
and
As a part
in the ac-
increase
Clin
Nutr
acid in the
1994;59:
cyte
N’s
was
WORDS
Adherence,
membrane,
fatty
acid
cholesterol
composition,
Subjects
esters,
diet,
platelets,
A total
methods,
like
markers,
dietary
to evaluate
humans
fatty
acid
membranes (ERs) acid composition Several
studies
in cholesterol
of dietary fatty (P:S)
with
esters
linoleic
free-living
serum
records,
and
the adherence compositions
objective
of serum
and platelet membranes of the diet (1-5). have (CEs)
acid,
shown
that
or ERs
as well
tion, been 364
and
experimental
the proportion of saturated fatty found to be high in populations
like
lipids
and
(N’s)
reflect
In
enythrocyte the fatty
of linoleic
well
dietary
bio-
intervention.
the proportion
as with
when par-
are subjective
methods,
correlates
with
the
has
studies
of
interventions
with
acid
dietary
free-living
sub-
regime.
dietary-intervention
the fatty
acid
study
composition
as biomarkers
serum total aged 23-58 health
Finland.
cnn
(1 1) with
of serum
CEs,
ERs,
of adherence.
care
acids and demonstrated
(3, 8-10).
during
subjects
Study
in the area
93 subjects
still
the
study,
missed
City
had
total
at the first (n = 67)
participated affecting serum
habits, or noteworthy were excluded. There
because
of diagnosis
of fatty
acid
the analysis
in East-
serum
6 and 8.5 mmolfL volunteer spouses
cholesterol concentrations, with known diseases
the analysis
screening 8.0 mmol/L) through oc-
of Kuopio
who
between and their
irregular eating 45 g ethanol/d)
missed
in the lipid
alcohol was one
of cancer.
composition
of N’s
Six and
of ERs.
design
After
a 2-wk
signed diet, diets
to one
run-in
period,
of the four
diet
the
status
of the
surements
subjects
and
was
medical
subjects
groups,
served as a reference diet. for the next 6 mo. During
From versity
the
In addi-
acids in serum lipids has consuming a diet high in Am J C/in Nutr
systems
Eventually,
(>
(original 6.5 and the study
one
were
randomly
of which,
Subjects followed the run-in period
ensured
history.
by Use
routine
experimental normal health laboratory
of drugs
as-
the high-sat
and
mca-
vitamin
sup-
acid
polyunsaturated
fatty been
hypercholesterolemic cholesterol between y were referred for
cholesterol concentrations visit to the research unit,
amount
to saturated fatty acids between the percentage of
energy from oleic acid and monounsaturated proportion of oleic acid in plasma lipids population
There
to the dietary
acids and the ratio of polyunsaturated (3, 5-7). A positive association
in both
diets is crucial, diets is evaluated,
subjects.
the fatty
indicator
dietary
of 1 18 mildly
criterion: subjects
two
in studies
diet
examined,
concentrations, consumption
enythro-
Introduction
ticularly
about
as an
Subjects
subjects
of adherence to intervention of cholesterol-lowering
known
ERs
and methods
drop-out
The problem the effectiveness
is little
and
of the long-term
regardless of their study. The subjects
364-70.
KEY
N’s,
a certain diets,
cupational
in a-linerucic
of monoenes
J
and
So far, there
in long-term
following
Uusitupa
type-32/
in the
compared
olenic
linoleic
acids
If
of CEs,
fat-modified
total/
or 4) low-fat-30/ of palmitic acid
of linoleic differences
jects
Matti
fats (9).
adherence
nec-
following
Association)
and
saturated
erythno-
from
and
composition
fatty
to food
of the
fatty
3) monoene-enniched-34/11:11:5, for 6 mo. Decreases in the proportions
CEs
and
(% of energy
saturated:monounsaturated:polyunsaturatcd tual
the
in addition
high-sat-35/14:10:4
1)
Ovaskainen,
fat-modi-
determining
esters
membranes
Marja-Leena
different
by
cholesterol
(PT)
Ahola,
1994;59:364-70.
the Departments of
Kuopio,
of Clinical
Finland,
and
Nutrition
the
National
and Physiology, Public
Health
UniInstitute,
Helsinki. 2
Supported
the Finnish
Foundation. 3 Address Nutrition,
Received Accepted Printed
by grants Heart
from
Research
reprint University
the Finnish
Foundation,
requests of Kuopio,
Food
and
to ES Sarkkinen, P0
Box
Research
the Aili
1627,
and
Foundation, Aarne
Department 7021
Turunen
of Clinical
1 Kuopio,
Finland.
for Clinical
Nutrition
November 24, 1992. for publication July 12, 1993. in USA.
© 1994
American
Society
Downloaded from www.ajcn.org by guest on July 13, 2011
diet
Jyrki
FATFY
ACID
plements, smoking tivity were reviewed
habits, alcohol consumption, by a questionnaire. Height
and physical was measured
the beginning
weight,
light
and
while
every visit. Blood samples of CEs were taken at the for analysis
of fatty
only
mo,
at 4.5
acid
wore
composition
of ERs
of their
of dietary
nature
fat. The
The study
the Ethics
Committee
diets
Diets were experimental
composed diets and
Table
1. The
the diets
were
amount
energy
intake
and
the mixture oil included acid,
oils
were
acid
LEAR
TABLE Dietary
1 goals
for
instructions
acid
acid,
quality
and Butter
(LEAR)
1%
