Femtocell Based Economic Health Monitoring Scheme ... - IEEE Xplore

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cloud respectively than using macrocell, microcell or picocell base station. Keywords— femtocell; mobile cloud computing; health monitoring; cost consumption.
Femtocell Based Economic Health Monitoring Scheme Using Mobile Cloud Computing Debashis De, Anwesha Mukherjee Department of Computer Science and Engineering, West Bengal University of Technology, BF-142, Sector -I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata -700064, West Bengal, India. [email protected]

Abstract— This paper presents a mobile health monitoring scheme based on femtocell and mobile cloud computing. In this scheme, the health information of each user is captured by sensors and sent to the corresponding mobile device. From the mobile device the health data is transferred to the femtocell under which the mobile device is registered. In femtocell it is verified whether the user’s health is normal using a database stored inside the femtocell. If any abnormality is detected the data are sent to the cloud. The health data are securely stored on the cloud and accessed by the health centre. Based on health data, the corresponding health centre takes proper action to cure the patient. The monetary cost required to access the data on the cloud through the proposed scheme is calculated. Simulation results present that using femtocell results in achieving approximately 28-70% and 30-75% reduction in cost consumption for accessing medium and large amount of data on cloud respectively than using macrocell, microcell or picocell base station. Keywords— femtocell; mobile cloud monitoring; cost consumption

I.

computing; health

INTRODUCTION

E-healthcare system or services are gaining popularity day by day. The healthcare systems or services that are supported by electronic processes and communication are known as ehealth care systems [1-3]. Telemedicine and mobile health (mhealth) are the essential form of e-health by which a person can aware of his or her physical and psychological fitness at a distance [4-7]. E-healthcare applications require a wireless body sensor network (BSN) to support multiple data rates with reliable and energy efficient data transmission. Wireless BSN provides a secure, efficient and reliable platform for e-health monitoring service over the traditional health monitoring services [1]. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) [8-10] takes an important role for mobile health (m-health) application in respect to the limitations like quality of service, physical storage, security, privacy, first response, medical error due to which the traditional healthcare system suffers [11-12]. A real time health monitoring system has been described in [13] where a sensor is attached with the existing medical equipments that are inter-connected to exchange service with the help of cloud environment. To support e-health monitoring, a pervasive environment is implemented in [14] using which data accessing, emergency management system, networking problems for heterogeneous network are solved. But still some major issues for quality of service like low bandwidth, latency, security, privacy, and context awareness are not resolved.

c 978-1-4799-2572-8/14/$31.00 2014 IEEE

Femtocell which is also known as Home Node Base Station (HNB) [15-18] is a low power base station with the help of which the solutions to these problems can be determined. In this paper we have introduced a femtocell based secure mobile cloud computing service for m-health monitoring. This paper is organized as follows: section II describes the femtocell and mobile cloud computing based proposed m-heath monitoring scheme, section III and IV present the monetary cost consumption model and performance analysis of proposed approach respectively, and section V presents the conclusion. II.

FEMTOCELL AND MCC BASED M- HEALTH MONITORING SCHEME

A. Working Principle of Proposed Scheme Femtocell and MCC based proposed m-health monitoring scheme requires the following components: • Body sensor network • Mobile station (MS) • Femtocell i.e. HNB • Internet connectivity The working model of proposed m-health scheme is pictorially depicted in Fig.1. Mobile user and HNB are connected via Uu interface [16]. HNB is connected to the internet and Home Node Base Station-Gateway (HNB-GW) via Iuh interface. By HNB-GW, the HNB is connected with the core network [16]. HNB-GW is connected with the core network via Iucs/Iups interface [16]. To provide proper security between HNB and HNB-GW over the internet a security gateway (SeGW) is maintained [16]. The working principle of the proposed scheme is divided into five phases and described in TABLE I. TABLE I. Phase No 1

2

385

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE PROPOSED SCHEME Function

Description

Health data capturing by BSN and transmission to MS

The BSN captures the physiological information (body temperature, blood sugar level, blood pressure, respiration rate, ECG etc) of the mobile user and sends it to the corresponding MS When the MS registered under a HNB receives the physiological information from the BSN, it sends the physiological information with the location information captured using the GPS stored in the MS, phone number

Health data transmission from MS to HNB

3

4

5

Health data checking at HNB

Health data transmission from HNB to cloud Data stored in cloud for access by health centre

and IMEI number (International Mobile Equipment Identity) to the HNB HNB compares the received health data against the threshold values of the respective health parameters stored in a database which is stored inside the HNB, this phase is described in subsection B If the health data seems to be abnormal, then the HNB sends the health data to the cloud After the health data are received, stored in cloud with the location information and IMEI number, so that health centre can access the data and take necessary action like sending advice to the patient via a voice call/SMS or sending ambulance to the patient location to take care of his or her

network. The parameters used in monetary cost consumption are presented in TABLE II. TABLE II. Parameters CC Cmtfi

Definition Monetary cost consumption per instruction execution Monetary cost consumption for i th message transmission from MS to HNB

Cmrfi

Monetary cost consumption for i th message reception by MS from HNB Monetary cost consumption for i th message transmission from MS to macrocell base station (BS) Monetary cost consumption for i th message reception by MS from macrocell BS Monetary cost consumption for i th message transmission from MS to microcell BS Monetary cost consumption for i th message reception by MS from microcell BS Monetary cost consumption for i th message transmission from MS to picocell BS Monetary cost consumption for i th message reception by MS from picocell BS Monetary cost consumption for i th message transmission from BS (macrocell BS/microcell BS/picocell BS/HNB) to server Monetary cost consumption for i th message reception by BS (macrocell BS/microcell BS/picocell BS/HNB) from server Number of message transferred from MS to HNB Number of message received by MS from HNB Number of message transferred from MS to macrocell/microcell/picocell BS Number of message received by MS from macrocell/microcell/picocell BS Number of message transferred from macrocell/microcell/picocell/HNB to server Number of message received by macrocell/microcell/picocell /HNB from server Total health data in cloud Total health data in HNB database

Cmtmi Cmrmi Cmtmii Cmrmii Cmtpi

Five phases described in TABLE1 are performed in the proposed health monitoring scheme.

Cmrpi CCti

B. Verification of User Health at HNB In HNB a database is maintained which stores the range of values for the health parameters of a normal and healthy person. If the health data values obtained from the MS do not fall in the range stored in the database it indicates abnormal health condition. Then the health data are sent to the cloud.

CCri

C. Security in Proposed Scheme

Mrm

The HNB is connected to the HNB-gateway through a security gateway. As the user health data are transmitted from the HNB to the cloud via the security gateway, secure data transmission is achieved. On the other hand to provide health data security in cloud, a user id and password are generated when for the first time the data are received from the user. The generated user id and password are sent to the user so that the user can access the data on cloud. To achieve high security a two-way verification is also introduced. When the user gives the corresponding user id and password to access the data, a verification code is sent to the mobile phone of the user. After giving the correct verification code, the user can access his or her data on cloud. The id of the health care centre which first accesses the data of the patient is attached to patient information stored in the cloud and phone number of the health care centre is sent to the mobile phone of the corresponding patient. For each health care centre a user id and password are maintained, so that no one except that particular health centre can access or see the data. As except the intended health care centre and the user no one can access the data, privacy, authentication and integrity are guaranteed from the view point of user and health centre both. If the data of a patient is not updated in the cloud for more than one year, the data values are erased from the health database maintained in cloud. III.

MONETARY COST CONSUMPTION IN PROPOSED SCHEME

In this section the cost consumed in the proposed m-health scheme in terms of money is determined and compared to that of the m-health schemes of macrocell, microcell or picocell

386

PARAMETERS IN COST CALCULATION

Mtf Mrf Mtm

Mt Mr DaC Daf

A. Cost consumption in Proposed Scheme Monetary Cost required in message transmission from MS to HNB is given by, M tf

Ctotmtf =

¦C

mtfi

(1)

i =1

Required monetary cost in message reception by MS from HNB is given by, M rf

Ctotmrf =

¦C

mrfi

(2)

i =1

Total monetary cost involved in message transmission and reception between MS and HNB is given by,

Ctotmf = Ctotmtf + Ctotmrf

2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC)

(3)

Fig. 1. Working model of proposed m-health monitoring scheme.

For accessing the health data in cloud the monetary cost consumption is determined as,

CinsC = CC × C × DaC

(4)

Total monetary cost consumption for accessing the health data in HNB database is determined as,

Cinsf = CC × C × Da f

(5)

Monetary cost needed for message transmission from macrocell/microcell/picocell BS/HNB to the server is given by, Mt

CtotmtC =

¦C

(6)

Cti

i =1

Monetary cost involved in message reception by macrocell/microcell/picocell BS/HNB from the server is given by, Mr

CtotmrC =

¦C

(7)

Cri

i =1

Total monetary cost consumption in message transmission and reception between macrocell/microcell/picocell BS/HNB and the server is given by,

CtotmC = CtotmtC + CtotmrC

(8)

In the proposed scheme if only the health data seems to be abnormal then the data are sent to the cloud through HNB. The health data are accessed on the cloud through the HNB in a network. If the health is normal, then no health data is sent to the cloud. Thus the monetary cost consumption in case of normal health condition is the sum of the cost consumed in message transmission and reception between MS and HNB, and the total cost for accessing the health data in HNB database, given as,

C to th fn o r = C to tm f + C in s f

(9)

The monetary cost consumption in case of abnormal health condition is the sum of the cost required for message transmission and reception between MS and HNB, between HNB and the server, and the total cost for accessing the health data in HNB and in cloud, given as,

Ctothfabnor = Ctotmf + CtotmC + Cinsf + CinsC

(10)

Thus considering both the normal and abnormal health condition, the total monetary cost consumed in the proposed scheme for accessing health data on cloud using femtocell BS i.e. HNB is given by, Ctothf = Ctothfnor × PS + Ctothfabnor × (1 − PS ) = PS × (Ctotmf + CC × C × Da f ) + (1 − PS ) ×(Ctotmf + CtotmC + CC × C × Da f + CC × C × DaC ) (11)

where the probability of patient condition is normal is PS and PS ≤ 1 .

2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC)

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B. Cost Consumption in Macrocell Network Monetary cost consumption for message transmission from MS to macrocell BS is given by, M tm

Ctotmtm =

¦C

(12)

mtmi

proposed m-health scheme is economic than the m-Health scheme of macrocell network.

D. Cost Consumption in Microcell Network Total monetary cost in message transmission from MS to microcell BS is given by,

i =1

M tm

Monetary cost involved for message reception by MS from macrocell BS is given by, M rm

Ctotmrm =

¦C

(13)

mrmi

C totm tm i =

¦C

m tm ii

(17)

i =1

Monetary cost consumption in message reception by MS from microcell BS is given by,

i =1

M rm

Monetary cost consumption for message transmission and reception between MS and macrocell BS is given by,

Ctotmm = Ctotmtm + Ctotmrm

(14)

If femtocell is not used, the user can access the health data on the cloud using the macrocell/microcell/picocell base station in a macrocell/microcell/picocell network. Hence the data checking at the HNB will not occur whereas all checking will take place in the cloud. Thus the total monetary cost consumption for health monitoring using a macrocell BS is the sum of the cost consumption in message transmission and reception between MS and macrocell BS, between macrocell BS and the server and the total cost for accessing the health data on cloud, calculated as,

C tothm = C totmm + C totmC + C insC = C totmm + C totmC + (C C × C × DaC )

(15)

C. Proposition 1: Proposed m-health scheme is economic than the m-Health Scheme of Macrocell Network Proof: The database of HNB stores small amount of data for checking the health condition where large amount of health data is stored in the cloud. Then Daf