Food and Nutrition Security - UNSCN

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Food and Nutrition. Security. UNSCN Meeting of the Minds. Nutrition impact of food systems. 25 – 28 March 2013. Presented by: Dr Marzella Wüstefeld ...
Food and Nutrition Security UNSCN Meeting of the Minds Nutrition impact of food systems 25 – 28 March 2013 Presented by: Dr Marzella Wüstefeld

Evolution of underlying concepts Food Security

Nutrition Security

• Evolved over time from 'freedom from hunger' in the early 1940s into broad concept encompassing …

• Evolved over time from 'Multi-sectoral nutrition planning' approach in the 1970s and UNICEF conceptual framework

• the 4 dimensions:

• with the 3 determinants:

– – – – 5/31/2012

Availability of food Access to food Utilization Stability

– Access to adequate food – Care and feeding practices – Sanitation and health

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Current definition Food Security ‘Food security' exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. based on FAO definition (1996, 2009)

5/31/2012

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Food Security dimensions Nutritional Status

Accessibility

Stability

Utilization

Availability GTZ

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Food Security Dimensions

(WFS, 1996)

Four food security dimensions – and nutrition linkage availability • domestic production • import capacity • food stocks • food aid

access • Poverty/ purchasing power • transport and market infrastructure • food distribution

stability

utilization

• weather variability

• food safety & quality

• price fluctuations

• clean water

• political factors • economic factors

• health & sanitation • care and feeding Source: FAO

Nutrition dimension • The term 'food security' does not clearly spelt out the nutrition dimension which is only implied to. • Not spelt out is actual food consumption but simply having access to food. • The use of different terms to express this dimension • Policy makers and practitioners encounter problems due to Lack of consistency in the use of these terms  Prevents meaningful discussions on how best to achieve food security and improved nutrition

Conceptual Framework of Malnutrition

(UNICEF 1991)

Determinants of

Food security and Nutrition security Determinants of Nutrition security

Determinants of Food security

nutritional status utilization food & water intake food access

food availability markets & trade

land, water, environment education, sociocultural factors

care & feeding

health & sanitation

purchasing power

food system (processing, distribution)

stability/vulnerability factors (climate, economics, political) demographics

health status

economic situation

market infrastructure finance & investment

political situation

technology & innovation

governance, policies and institutions

Source: FAO

´Food and Nutrition Security´ • Has become into increasingly wide-spread use • Is integrated way to combine both concepts linguistically and conceptually • Expresses a single integrated development goal • Emphasizing to achieve both food security and nutrition security Food production Food systems Socio-economic aspects

Biological approach Sociological aspects Health and sanitation concerns

• Encourages better integration of actions • Greatly facilitates communications, decisions and actions that support the eradication of hunger and malnutrition. 5/31/2012

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Proposed definition ‘Food and Nutrition Security’ “Food and nutrition security exists when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to food, which is consumed in sufficient quantity and quality to meet their dietary needs and food preferences, and is supported by an environment of adequate sanitation, health services and care, allowing for a healthy and active life.” 5/31/2012

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Thank you

Conceptual Framework of the Nutritional Status at Household Level Food Security Nutrition Security

Nutritional status

Food intake

Food availability

Health status

Caring capacity

Health services

Environmental conditions

Production Purchase Donation GTZ

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