Formation Monocrystalline Carbon Micro-and Nanostructures ... - Core

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Physics Procedia 83 (2016) 182 – 187

WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ3KRWRQLF7HFKQRORJLHV/$1(

)RUPDWLRQPRQRFU\VWDOOLQHFDUERQPLFURDQGQDQRVWUXFWXUHVXQGHU IHPWRVHFRQGODVHULUUDGLDWLRQRIJUDSKLWHLQOLTXLGQLWURJHQ .LULOO6.KRUNRYD 'PLWULL9$EUDPRYD'PLWUL\$.RFKXHYD6HUJH\0$UDNHOLDQD 9DOHU\*3URNRVKHYD a

Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Gorky str. 87, Vladimir, 600000, Russia

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©&RS\ULJKWOLQHZLOODSSHDUKHUH 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH%D\HULVFKHV/DVHU]HQWUXP*PE+ Peer-review under responsibility of the Bayerisches Laserzentrum GmbH

Keywords:IHPWRVHFRQGODVHUSXOVHVFDUERQPRQRFU\VWDOOLQHVWUXFWXUHVQGLDPRQGOLTXLGQLWURJHQDEUDPHWH

,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KH YDULHW\ RI IRUPV RI FDUERQ PRGLILFDWLRQV LV YHU\ ODUJH $ VHSDUDWH JURXS FRQVLVWV RI VXSHUKDUG IRUP RI FDUERQ VXFK DV GLDPRQG DQG ORQJVGDOHLWH KH[DJRQDO GLDPRQG  7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI QDQRGLDPRQG V\QWKHVLV WHFKQRORJ\KDVPDGHLWSRVVLEOHWRXVHWKHPLQDZLGHUDQJHRIDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVLQWULERORJ\PHGLFLQHGHOLYHU\ 



&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address:IUHHRG#PDLOUX

1875-3892 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Bayerisches Laserzentrum GmbH doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.152

183

Kirill S. Khorkov et al. / Physics Procedia 83 (2016) 182 – 187

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ɋ Ʉ Ɇ ɇ 5 6 Ɍ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Ȝ QPIJ IVI N+] 3DYJ P:%\PHDQVRISHULVFRSH2WKHRXWSXWODVHUUDGLDWLRQZDVSXWLQWRJDOYDQRVFDQQHU3HQDEOLQJWRWUHDWWKH VDPSOHVXUIDFHDWWKHUHTXLUHGVSHHG7KHGLDPHWHURIWKHODVHUEHDPRQWKHVXUIDFHRIWKHVDPSOHZDVDERXW—P WKHLQWHQVLW\RIODVHUUDGLDWLRQZDVXSWRā:FPDQGKDGGLVWULEXWLRQFORVHWR*DXVVLDQ7KHFDUERQVDPSOH5 ZDVPRXQWHGLQDQRSHQFU\RVWDW4/DVHUWUHDWPHQWRIWKHVDPSOHVXUIDFHZDVFDUULHGRXWDIWHUWKHUPDOVWDELOL]DWLRQ RIV\VWHPVDPSOHFU\RVWDWLQPXOWLSXOVHPRGH+LJKO\RULHQWHGS\URO\WLFJUDSKLWH+23* DQGJODVV\FDUERQZHUH XVHGDVPDWHULDOVIRUH[SHULPHQWDOVDPSOHV 

 )LJ6FKHPHRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDOVHWXSIRUJHQHUDWLQJFDUERQVWUXFWXUHV

184

Kirill S. Khorkov et al. / Physics Procedia 83 (2016) 182 – 187

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

 )LJ6(0LPDJHRIDUUD\RIFDUERQQDQRVWUXFWXUHVRQWKHVXUIDFHRI+23*6LQJOHDUURZLQGLFDWHVWKHSODFHRIIRUPDWLRQRIWKHSRUHDQGWKH GRXEOHDUURZLQGLFDWHVWKHSODFHRIIRUPDWLRQRIOLQHDUVWUXFWXUHVZKLFKZHUHIRUPHGRIIXVHGQDQRVWUXFWXUHV

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

185

Kirill S. Khorkov et al. / Physics Procedia 83 (2016) 182 – 187







)LJ6(0LPDJHVRIWKHFDUERQFU\VWDOOLQHVWUXFWXUHVZKLFKZHUHV\QWKHVL]HGDWUHVXOWIHPWRVHFRQGODVHUSURFHVVLQJ+23*

7KH FKHFN RI WKH HOHPHQWDO FRPSRVLWLRQ RI UHJLVWHUHG FU\VWDOOLQH VWUXFWXUHV E\ PHDQV RI V\VWHP RI HQHUJ\ GLVSHUVLYH;UD\PLFURDQDO\VLVVKRZHGWKHDEVHQFHRIDQ\RWKHUHOHPHQWVH[FHSWFDUERQ7KHIRUPRIFU\VWDOVILJ D  FRUUHVSRQGV WR PRQRFOLQLF V\VWHP 0RQRFOLQLF FDUERQ EHORQJV WR WKLV FU\VWDOORJUDSKLF JURXS > @ $ PRUH GHWDLOHGVWXG\RIWKHLUUDGLDWHGVXUIDFHE\WKHVFDQQLQJHOHFWURQLFPLFURVFRSHUHYHDOHGFDUERQFU\VWDOVWUXFWXUHVRI YDULRXV IRUPV HJ ILJ E  7KH UHJLVWHUHG VWUXFWXUHV KDYH WKH GLPHQVLRQV RI WKH RUGHU · PLFURPHWHUV 7KH YDULHW\RIFDUERQFU\VWDOIRUPVLVVRJUHDWWKDWVRPHUHVHDUFKHUVFRPELQHWKHPLQWRRQHJURXSXQGHUWKHQDPH³QHZ GLDPRQGV´QGLDPRQG >@RUKRZZHFDOOHGWKHP³DEUDPHWH´ 7KHV\QWKHVL]HGVWUXFWXUHVZHUHDSSDUHQWO\FU\VWDOOL]HGIURPWKHOLTXLGSKDVHZKLFKFDQRQO\EHSUHVHQWHGE\WKH PROWHQJUDSKLWHLQWKHRYHUKHDWHGVXEVXUIDFHOD\HU 7KHQHFHVVDU\SUHVVXUHLVSURYLGHGE\WKHVKRFNZDYHLQLWLDWHGE\WKHDFWLRQRIIHPWRVHFRQGODVHUUDGLDWLRQWRWKH WDUJHW VXUIDFH 7KH XOWLPDWH EUHDNLQJ VWUHQJWK RI JUDSKLWH LV  *3D ,W LV REYLRXV WKDW WKH VHSDUDWLRQ RI D WKLFN VXUIDFHOD\HULVWKHUHVXOWRIPHFKDQLFDOVWUHVVHVSURYLGHGE\WKHSUHVVXUHZKLFKLVDWOHDVWQRWOHVVRIWKHXOWLPDWH EUHDNLQJVWUHQJWK7KHWULSOHSRLQW³JUDSKLWHOLTXLGVWHDP´RIWKHFDUERQSKDVHGLDJUDPFRUUHVSRQGVWRSUHVVXUH 03DDWWKHWHPSHUDWXUHž.7KXVWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGSUHVVXUHWKHRUGHURIDWP FRUUHVSRQGVWRFHQWUDO SDUWRIUHJLRQRIWKHOLTXLGFDUERQLQSKDVHGLDJUDP(VWLPDWHVVXJJHVWWKDWDFWLRQRIIHPWRVHFRQGODVHUUDGLDWLRQWR VXUIDFHRIVROLGVWDWHLQLWLDWHVSUHVVXUHVDWWKHIURQWRIWKHVKRFNZDYHDWWKHOHYHO·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

186

Kirill S. Khorkov et al. / Physics Procedia 83 (2016) 182 – 187

R

E 

A Z



U







ZKHUHRLVHOHFWURQSDWKOHQJWK—P ELVHOHFWURQHQHUJ\NH9 ȺLVWKHPRODUPDVVJPRO ZLVDWRPLFQXPEHUȡ LVGHQVLW\RIWKHPDWHULDOJFP  ,QRXUFDVHWKHUHVXOWVRILQWHUDFWLRQRIODVHUUDGLDWLRQZLWKJODVV\FDUERQLQYHVWLJDWHGZLWKDVFDQQLQJHOHFWURQ PLFURVFRSH4XDQWD'DWDQHOHFWURQHQHUJ\RINH97KHGHQVLW\RIWKHJODVV\FDUERQȡ JFPDQGLWV PRODUPDVV$ JPRO$VNQRZQFDUERQDWRPLFQXPEHU= 7KHQWKHFDOFXODWHGRQWKHEDVLVRIWKHIRUPXOD .DQD\D2ND\DPDHOHFWURQSDWKOHQJWK5 ȝPDQGWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHUHVLGXDOOD\HUFDQEHHVWLPDWHGDWOHYHO ȝPRUOHVV  'LUHFWPHDVXUHPHQWRIWKLFNQHVVRIWKHVXUIDFHOD\HUZKLFKLVUHPRYHGDWWKHSKDVHEXUVWLVQRWDQHDV\WDVN7KLV SUREOHPFDQEHVROYHGRQWKHSHULSKHU\RIWKHVSRWRIWKHODVHUH[SRVXUHZKHUHWKHUHDUHDUHDVLQZKLFKVXFKDOD\HU IURPRQHVLGHWRUQRIIDQGRQWKHRWKHUVLGHKDVDFRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKHPDLQWDUJHWPDWHULDO6(0LPDJHRIVXFKDUHD LV VKRZQ LQ ILJ  7KLV ILJXUH VKRZV WKDW WKH OD\HU RI JODVV\ FDUERQ ZKLFK LV WRUQ DZD\ DW SKDVH EXUVW  KDV D WKLFNQHVVRIDERXWQP 

 )LJ7KHFU\VWDOVZKLFKZHUHV\QWKHVL]HGDWWKHJODVV\FDUERQ VXUIDFH



)LJ5HPDLQVRIWKHVXUIDFHOD\HUZKLFKLVUHPRYHGDWWKH SKDVHEXUVW

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

Kirill S. Khorkov et al. / Physics Procedia 83 (2016) 182 – 187

5HIHUHQFHV 910RFKDOLQ26KHQGHURYD'+RDQG