12. 19. 3. 8.7. 444. 24. 27. 1. 16.5. 630. 28. 42. 1. 16.5. 615. 41. 40. 2. 6.1. 338. 12
. 16. 1. 4.1. 914. 15 ...... BINS, 7902Brooklyn Bridge Road, Laurel, Md. 20810. 26.
MATURE DECIDUOUS ...... 12, 24; June 2, 10, 22; July 12; August 2; between
0620 and 1015. ...... (females), 7; Killdeer, S (10, 4); E. Kingbird, S; Am. Robin, S ...
Fortieth Breeding Bird Census Edited by Willet T. Van Velzen*
Onceagain,followingthe trend of the pastfew years,a recordnumber of BreedingBird Census reportswasreceived,just edgingout, by five, the all-time 1975 high of 165. Thesereportscame in from 31 statesand provinces.Coloradoled with 23, followedby California (19) and NewYork (14). Well overhalf (55%) of the censusreportswere for newstudies,representingan excellentspectrumof habitat types, many of which have never been studied before.
During recent years we have attempted to "incite" responsesfrom our census-takersconcerningvarious interestingquestionsthat have arisen, with the feeling that many workers, especiallylong-time veterans of census-taking, might have deeper insightsinto these problems than we do. Unfortunately, little comment has beenreceived.One point, however,that has been raised by several workers concernsthe Visitor categoryin the reports.Recently,partiallybecause of space limitations and partly becausemany reportssimplygivelonglistsof birdsseenor heard anywhereon, overor nearthe plot, this sectionhas
most faithful census-takers.A. H. Claugus of Carey, Ohio, whosecensusefforts, nearly uninterrupted, spanalmost40 years. "When I began to examine bird populations,it becameincreasingly clearthat therewasa greatneedfor more censuseffortsin all habitatswhereverthey were found,regardless oftheirnatureor appealto the censustaker. Since 1937, at least, many researchershave believedor wereencouraged to believe,that uniformityof habitat
selection in census work was more useful and
morereliablefor statisticalinterpretation.This wasand is a worthypoint of view,but as a census-taker of long standingI think adherenceto uniformity should be modified so that an equal effort is given to census habitats which are not uniform
in structure. It is here
that I wish to enlargeuponthe conceptof censuslng non-uniformhabitats.The intensityof this notion has been growingwith eachyearlysummaryof continental census results.
I am presentlyengagedin tabulating all of Ohio's BreedingBird Censuses.Most of Ohio is not covered with extensivewoodedareas (22 unglaciatedcounties have most of this type of habitat). Consequently, edge effect is a major factor in bird populationssincewhat
often been deleted. In some cases, however, these
woodland areas remain in the other 66 counties are small
"visitors" are a meaningfuladditionto the report, since they representspeciesthat may sometime breed or may have bred on the Censusplot. The
farm woodlots,alongstreams,or in metropolitanparks Evensuchedgesasexistbetweenroad and field, meadow and cropfield,ditch and meadow,railroad and numerous
habitats,providea massivemosaicof "edgeeffects",all contributingto the presentdensitiesof Ohio's birds I best positionto decidewhich speciesare impor- recognizethe value of censusinguniform habitats tant in this category,but in the censusesthat becauseit doesmake the interpretationof data eas•er follow, the editor has made the decisions (with, and perhapsmoresignificantfor thoseareas.Yet, such admittedly, considerable inconsistency).Some data presentsnumerousdifficultiesto compilersin an census-takers,who feel that their long lists of interpretationof the bird-lifeof agricultural,urban,and migrants are valuable additionsto the report for rural com•nunities.I am, therefore,highly concerned on censusing uniformhabitats other reasons,will probably be disappointedto withthe "overemphasis" author, of course, not the editor, should be in the
We do need more of them. But we alsoneed many more
find them missing. Admittedly, we are not yet adamant in our stand on this point and occasionallywe can be swayed! Anotherpointof considerable interest,is that of how a censusplot shouldbe selected.In spite of our past words of guidance, probably no area
"edge effect" counts. We need intensiveefforts in croplands(only a few reportedin AFN and AB). Add to these a need for linear counts, for much of the countryside has taken on such an aspect:railroads, power lines,conveyorbelts, superhighways, streamswith narrow borders, canals, drainage ditches, fences and
represents greatervariabilitythanthat of selecting the habitat and settingup the plot. The following pertinent remarkswere receivedfrom one of our
*21510 45th SE, Bothell, WA 98011
24
A•nencanBirds,January,1977
hedgerows(rapidly disappearing),windbreaks, and water-landcontacts.Uniformity of habitat seemsdestlnedto decreaseas humanpressureincreases, demands for resourcesbecome greater, and environmental degradationin generalcontinues.All this would seemto point to more and more intensive creation of "edge-
it was."Butmoreandmorepeoplewill belivingin "what
it will be," andfor thisreasonI believethat emphasis shouldshiftfrom the valuesof uniformityto thoseof diversification of habitats."
Sincereappreciationis extendedto the many workersthis year who made a specialeffort to prepare their manuscriptscarefully and submit themto meetthe publicationdeadline.
acres,"a term underconsideration anddevelopment. As uniform habitats tend to decrease it is even more desirable to have census data so that we can know "how
List of Censuses State or Habitat
Province
Hectares
Pairsper Hrs. Spesq. krn. Obs. cies
Yrs of Study
A. Eastern -- Deciduous Forest Connecticut Connecticut New York
1 Birch-- Maple -- Oak Forest 2 Second-growth HardwoodForest 3 Mixed Hardwoods 4 Mixed Hardwoods
Forest
5 Mixed UplandForest 6 UplandOak Forest 7 YoungRed Maple -- Gray BirchForest 8 YoungWhite Ash-- Basswood Forest 9 Birch-- Maple-- Oak Forest 10 XurnedDisturbedUplandOak Forest 11 DisturbedUpland Oak Forest 12 MountainTop, Oak-- MapleForest 13 Oak --Maple Forest 14 StreamValley-- Mixed Mesophytic Forest 15 BrushyRidge 16 Elm --Cherry Woodland Northern
19 Oak -20 Oak -21 Oak -22 Oak --
Beech-- Tulip-treeForest Beech-- Tulip-treeForest Maple Forest Maple-- HickoryForest
Hardwoods
25 Hickory-- Oak -- AshFloodplainForest 26 Mature DeciduousFloodplainForest 27 Mixed Hardwood Forest
29 30 31 32
Mixed Upland Habitat CoastalDisturbedFloodplain UplandOak -- HickoryForest UplandTulip-tree-- Oak Forest
33 Mixed Deciduous Forest 34 Mixed Deciduous Forest
35 Upland Mixed Forest 36 Mountain Ravine Mixed Forest 37 Mixed Hardwood Forest
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
WestVirginia
23 Riverside -- Birch -- Oak Forest 24 Deciduous Forest with Pond and Brook
28 UplandTulip-tree--Maple--Oak
York York York York York
West Virginia West Virginia WestVirginia West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia
17 Maple--Oak -- HickoryForest 18 Mature
New New New New New
Forest
WestVirginia West Virginia New Jersey Maryland
Maryland Maryland Maryland District of Columbia
Virginia Virginia Virginia North Carolina North Carolina North Carolina
Georgia
38 WoodedCity Ravine
Ontario Ontario
39 Mature Mixed Hardwood Forest
Michigan
40 Oak -- Hickory-- Maple Forest 41 Oak -- Maple Forestand Edge 42 UplandDeciduousForest
Illinois Illinois Illinois Indiana
43 Black Oak -- Sassafras Woods
Volume 31, Number 1
13.9 10.1 13.0 13.0 7.7 142.0 11.8 8.1 8.1 9.0 9.7 10.1 6.1 8.7 16.5 16.5 6.1 4.1 6.1 12.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 16.7 18.4 7.6 11.3 12.0 14.2 8.1 11.0 20.6 12.6 8.8 15.0 5.9 10.1 20.0 9.3 13.0 22.3 6.2 22.2
639 807 332 394 865 362 497 1347 1804 574 185 430 404 444 630 615 338 914 610 634 346 733 708 610 667 269 978 870 1721 760 1296 247 650 301 705 635 374 916 410 245 945 309 216 756 302
26 35 23 21 27 75 30 10 10 31 8 16 12 24 28 41 12 15 10 20 12 18 18 18 12 12 26 28 36 17 106 23 52 44 28 18 14 65 18 16 25 12 43 12 51
39 38 19 18 18 66 11 21 28 32 18 23 ' 19 27 42 40 16 32 25 35 17 32 24 37 18 31 44 21 38 34 28 36 21 23 28 22 22 26 44 19 33 26 13 25 67
1 10 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 5 1 4 1 5 1 1 1 13 5 24 16 6 17 1 4 3 1 4 23 8 1 7 3 1 44 1 3
25
Habitat 44. Pin Oak Forest
45. Mixed HardwoodRegenerating 46. Mixed MesophyticForest 47. Virgin Beech-- Maple ForestI 48. Virgin Beech-- Maple ForestII 49. Maple-- Gum -- HickoryForest 50. Mixed -- MesophyticHardwoods 51. FloodplainForest:DredgedMaterial DisposalSite 52. Virgin ScrubOak Foothills B. Eastern-- Coniferous-Deciduous (Mixed) 53. Mixed Deciduous -- Coniferous Forest
Stateor Province
Hec- Pairsper Hrs. Spe- Yrs of tares sq. km. Obs. cies Study
Indiana Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Tennessee Alabama
6.9 20.2 101.2
8 28 40
12 34 43
6.1 6.1 20.0 15.8
225 455 89 1474 1153 953 336
57 28 30 21
33 25 32 24
1 1 1 4 1 1 1
Louisiana Oklahoma
7.7 16.2
1259 312
40 26
20 30
1 2
Maine
10.4
898
35
26
1
10.4
560
18
26
2
15.0 22.5 5.1 11.8 7.5
257 220 395 465 500
21 54 32 66 40
23 20 13 29 22
5 2 2 1 1
Connecticut
10.5
699
24
36
10
New York
16.6 8.1
645 618
22 49
34 19
3 1
6.1 19.2 8.5 6.3
560 427 235 634
20 79 14 10
23 24 16 13
3 4 1 3
604 190 1128 446 532 578 238
57 12 23 38 78 81 55
25 9 23 22 21 21 19
1 2 8 1 1 1 1
54. Deciduous- Coniferous Second-growth Northwoods 55. Burned Pine -- Oak'Forest
Vermont Massachusetts 56. Deciduous -- Coniferous Low-lyingIsland Massachusetts 57. Maple-- Pine-- Oak Second-growth Forest Massachusetts 58. Pitch Pine -- Scrub Oak Forest Massachusetts
59. Climax Hemlock -- White Pine Forest, with ,Transition
Hardwoods
60. UplandMixedPine-- Spruce-- Hardwood Plantation
61. Hemlock-- BlackAshSwamp
Pennsylvania
62. Mountain Top, Mixed Hardwoodand White Pine Forest 63. Coastal Mixed Pine -- Oak Forest
Pennsylvania North Carolina
64. Tamarack Bogand Hardwood
Michigan
65. Mixed Pine -- Hardwood Forest
Texas
C. Eastern -- Coniferous 66. Coniferous Forest
69. Red Pine -- White Pine Forest
New York New York Ontario
70. Black Spruce-- TamarackBogI 71. BlackSpruce- TamarackBogII 72. Semi-openBlackSpruceBog
Michigan Michigan Michigan
13.1 5.3 9.3 8.7 5.9 6.2 6.7
Connecticut
14.2
900
38
34
9
Connecticut
23.1 6.5 8.5 9.3 8.9
392 629 935 892 505
58 17 25 15 15
27 23 34 15 16
11 11 10 2 2
Pennsylvania
6.1
544
13
27
3
80. BrushyHillside
Pennsylvania WestVirginia
81. Abandoned Railroad
Ohio
10.1 6.1 8.6
509 906 967
4.5 29 40
23 38 35
3 1 1
Ohio Ohio Indiana Tennessee Louisiana
14.2 28.3 17.0 20.2 7.2
642 431 763 158 925
40 27 33 7 16
39 50 39 14 23
38 19 1 2
North Dakota North Dakota
4.8
103
3
7
5
10.0
345
8
23
5
67. Scotch Pine Plantation
68. UplandScotchPinePlantation
Vermont
D. Eastern -- Mixed Habitats
73. Mixed UplandHabitatandSwamp 74. Oak -- HemlockForest,Semi-openFields and Shrubland
75. UplandBrushyPasture 76. Shrub CommunityI 77. Shrub CommunityII 78. MountainTop Bogwith Mixed Hardwood and EvergreenEdge 79. Old Field -- Meadowand Primary Deciduous Thickets
82. DisturbedOak -- Hickory Forest,Pine Stand,Edge,and Pond 83. Mixed Habitat 84. Old Field with Brush Patches 85. Deciduous Clearcut
86. Roadside:DredgedMaterialDisposalSite
Connecticut New York New York
E. Central -- Prairie
87. KentuckyBlueGrassPrairie 88. Mixed Prairie (I)
26
American B•rds,January,1977
Stateor Province
Habitat 89. Mixed 90. Mixed 91. Mixed 92. Mixed
Prairie Prairie Prairie Prairie
North North North North Illinois
(II) (III) (IV) (V)
93. Disturbed Mixed Prairie
Dakota Dakota Dakota Dakota
Hec- Pairsper Hrs. Spe- Yrs of tares sq.km. Obs. cies Study 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 16.0
156 131 49 41 382
4 6 4 3 65
10 8 5 8 31
5 5 5 5 2
Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado
8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1
37 68 80 204 99
6 6 5 10 9
3 3 5 6 5
1 1 1 1 1
Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado Colorado
8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1
31 117 49 37 154 49 25 99 68 25
5 8 6 5 8 6 4 8 7 5
4 5 3 3 6 6 2 5 7 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Oklahoma
40.5
316
38
42
5
Texas
11.9
395
22
5
1
6.4 6.4 4.3
1322 1165 639
76 23 15
20 24 10
2 3 1
Colorado Colorado Colorado
6.8 4.9 52.2 9.7 29.0
1294 927 282 1436 391
62 53 18 23 24
31 7 28 25 25
1 2 4 6 2
California Colorado
11.7 14.0
592 528
21 23
26 37
5 1
Colorado
8.1
247
44
6
9
California Colorado
8.2 8.1
1083 655
24 25
31 13
13
Oregon
12.1
597
27
17
1
Oregon
32.4 17.8 6.7 15.0 17.8 6.6
229 275 404 427 17 2158
42 17 36 24 11 32
18 12 6 9 2 13
4 1 1 1 1 1
F. Central -- Great Plains
94. Mixed Prairie (I) 95. Mixed Prairie (II)
96. Three-awnGrassland-- Prairie Dog Town 97. Rubber Rabbitbrush
-- Grassland
98. SandSagebrush -- Grassland 99. SandDropseed-- Needle-and-thread Grassland
100.SandDropseedGrassland(I) 101.SandDropseedGrassland(II) 102. Seeded Grassland (I) 103. Seeded Grassland (II)
104. Weedy Field (I) 105.WeedyField (II) 106. Weedy Field (III) 107. Weedy Field (IV) 108. WeedyField -- Prairie Dog Town G. Central -- Disturbed Habitats 109. Mixed Habitat -- Disturbed
Bottomland
110.CoastalPrairie:DredgedMaterialDisposal Site
H. Western -- Deciduous
111. Disturbed Riparian StreamBorder
California
112. Insular Scrub Oak Woodland
California
113.Sycamore-- CoastLiveOak -- Riparian California
Woodland
114.Maple Thicket 115.FloodplainCottonwoodForest 116.FloodplainCottonwoodForest 117. Reservoir Shoreline Cottonwood Forest
Utah
I. Western-- Coniferous-Deciduous (Mixed) 118.California-Bay-- BishopPine-- Mixed Forest
119.OpenAspenGrove-- ScatteredConifers 120. Ponderosa Pine -- Scrub Oak -- Mountain
MahoganyWoodland Western -- Coniferous
121.LoggedDouglas-Fir-- Reseeded with Monterey Pine 122. Ponderosa Pine Forest
K. Western -- Mixed Habitats
123.Mixed Habitat: DredgedMaterial Island 124. Scattered Mixed Coniferous Forest in
SubalpineMeadowsandSpruceBogs 125. Catclaw--
Rabbitbrush Desert Wash
126. City Park 127. Coastal Sand Dunes 128. Creosote -- Burrobush Desert Scrub
129. DesertRiparian Volume 31, Number 1
California California California California California
27
State or Province
Habitat 130. 131. 132. 133.
Urban Urban Urban Urban
Nature Center Nature Center I Nature Center II Park
134. Farm with Ponds 135. Cottonwood Riverbottom
L. Northern -- Taiga and Tundra 136.SubarcticTaiga: LowlandBlackSpruce Forestand Muskeg 137.SubarcticTaiga: LowlandSeralBirch-Willow
Hectares
Pairsper Hrs. Spesq. km. Ohs. cies
Yrs of Study
California California California California Utah Colorado
7.3 17.0 17.4 6.3 10.5 71.6
1414 400 494 1835 1098 208
16 19 19 30 44 29
19 19 17 19 39 30
1 1 1 1 1 4
Alaska
10.0
235
40
12
1
Alaska
138.SubarcticTaiga: LowlandTall Shrubs 139. SubarcticTaiga: LowlandTussock-- Low Shrub Bog 140.SubarcticTaiga: LowlandWhite Spruce-PaperBirchForest
Alaska
10.0 10.0
570 580
36 36
16 17
1 1
Alaska
10.0
235
36
7
1
Alaska
141. Wet Coastal Plain Tundra (I) 142. Wet Coastal Plain Tundra (II)
Alaska Alaska
10.0 33.0 27.0
285 167 148
36 32 32
21 13 15
1 2 2
8.1 44.6 2.8 5.9 1.6
2212 96 4312 601 950
48 68 30 8 5
22 13 5 8 4
10 1 1 1 1
40.5 40.5 8.5 10.5 9.3
684 729 577 314 784
52 72 5 20 24
65 66 8 5 31
1 2 3 1 1
344 222 284 209 548 379 222 69
14 9 9 8 9 23 4 25
9 5 4 8 18 13 5 17
2 1 2 1 3 5 2 14
M. Wetlands
143.ShrubbySwampand SedgeHummocks 144. EvergladesMarsh
Connecticut Florida
145. 146. 147. 148.
Ontario Illinois Illinois
Cattail Marsh Cattail Marsh I Cattail Marsh II Bulrush and Cattail Marsh in Conifer Forest
Montana
149. FloodplainPond
Colorado
150. Diked Coastal Salt Marsh
California
151.FreshwaterMarsh--Riparian Woodland
California
N. Fields and Cultivated
Areas
152.Open Field 153.VineyardIII
New York NewYork
154.VineyardIV 155.Old Field 156.AbandonedField 157. AbandonedTurf Field
NewYork Pennsylvania Maryland Maryland
158. Grassland
North Carolina
13.0 4.1 4.1 5.3 7.1 6.1 6.3 40.5
159. Blue Grass-- Timothy -- CloverOld Illinois
14.2
161. Orchard Grass -- Tall Fescue Meadow 162. Advanced Old Field 163. Annual Grassland
Illinois Indiana California
164.Dry GrassField
California
165. Urban Grass Field
California
5.9 12.1 8.5 8.1 13.3 46.5
8 8 7 8 20 15 16
1
Illinois
169 482 255 218 136 30 39
6
160.Grass-- SedgeMeadow
Pasture
9 5 8 4 1 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
8.9 53.0 13.0
646 278 587
10 30 113
12 17 20
1 1 1
14.6 14.6 14.2 14.2
1055 870 1169 1179
31 24 31
27 24 36 33
1 2 1 2
•
O. Residential
166.Urban Residential
NewJersey
167. Urban Residential
Ontario
168.Village Residential
Ohio
P. Censuses referredto by Whltcombet al., p. 17. 169.Mature Tulip-tree- Oak Forest
Maryland
170.Selectively LoggedMature Tulip-tree-
Maryland
Oak Forest
28
AmericanB•rds,January,1977
1. BIRCH-MAPLE-OAK
FOREST.
--
Location:
2. SECOND-GROWTH
HARDWOOD
FOREST. --
Connecticut; NewLondonCo., 1 mileNNW of intersec- Location: Connecticut;Litchfield Co., White Memorial tion of State Routes 161 and 156; 72ø12'N,41ø20'W, Foundation, Morris, 41ø42'2S•N,73ø12'22'•W,Litchfield N•ant•cQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:13.94 ha = Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established196S, 10 3444 acres(rectangular, measured withsteeltapeand intermittentyears.Size: 10.1ha = 2S acres(roughlyreccompass). Deserlption of Plot: The dominantcanopy tangular).Descriptionof Plot: SeeAFN 19:S90-S91 treesare Yellow Birch (Betulalutea), N. Red Oak (Quer- (196S).Coverage:May 23-24; JuneS, 8-9, 12; between
cusrubra),Chestnut Oak(Q.prinus),RedMaple(Acer 044S and 2300 hours. Total man-hours: 3S. Census: rubrum).Mostprominentin the understory are Moun- Red-eyedVireo,9 (89, 36);Ovenbird,8 (79, 32);Veery,7 tain Laurel(Kalmialatifolia)and Spicebush (Lindera (69, 28); Am. Redstart,S (49, 20); Rufous-sidedTowhee, Chickadee,3.S (3S, 14); Corn benzoin),whichwasrestrictedto wetterhabitats.The 4 (40, 16); Black-capped
groundcoveris primarilyvarioustypesof fernsand Yellowthroat,3.S; Brown Creeper,3 (30, 12); Blackmosses with somePoisonIvy (Rhusradicans).A quan-
and-whiteWarbler,3; DownyWoodpecker,2; Blue Jay,
titativesurveyof the vegetationgavethe following 2; Tufted Titmouse,2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2, results:Trees 3-inches diameter and over, based on five GrayCatbird,2; Am. Robin,2; Blue-winged Warbler,2, 0 1 acre circularsamples,228/acre;total basal area Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2,
1638 square feet/acre. Species comprising 90%of the Corn.Flicker, 1.S;GreatCrestedFlycatcher,1.S;Scarlet
Hawk, 1, totalnumberof trees(figures aftereachgivenumberof Tanager,1.S;Wood Duck, 1; Broad-winged trees/acre, relativedensity(%),relativedominance, fre- Yellow-belliedSapsucker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1, E
quency, in thatsequence): N. RedOak,50,22,39,100; Wood Pewee,1; Corn.Crow, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Blue-
YellowBirch,48, 21, 11,100;RedMaple,46, 20, 17, 100; grayGnatcatcher,1; CanadaWarbler,1; SongSparrow, ChestnutOak, 28, 12, 15, 60; Am. Beech(•agusgran- 1; RuffedGrouse,0.S; E. Phoebe,0.S; HouseWren, 0 S,
dtœoha), 14,6, 2, 80;Tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), Yellow-throatedVireo, 0.S; N. Oriole, 0.S; Cardinal, 0 S, 12, 5, 8, 40; BlackBirch(B. lenta),10, 4, 5, 40; dead trees,8, 4, 2, 60; PignutHickory(Caryaglabra),6, 3, 1, 60, Flowering Dogwood (Comus florida),6, 3, 5, 40. Treesby diametersizeclass(figuresafter eachgive
Rose-breastedGrosbeak, +. Total: 38 species;81.S territorial males (806/km 2, 326/100 acres). Remarks:
Specialthanks to Jim Cavanaughfor his help -ANDREW MAGEE, Woollybear,Troy,N.H. 03465
numberof trees/acre,relativedensity(%),basalareain
square feet/acre, relative dominance): A (3-6in.)60,26,
3. MIXED HARDWOODS. -- Location: New York, 6, 4, B (6-9in.)54, 24, 15,9; C (9-15in.) 76,33,60.8,37; Co.,ErieLakePlain,0.SmileNW of East D (15-21in.) 34, 15,61.2,37; F (27-33in.)4, 2, 19.6,12. Chautauqua
42ø31'48•N, 79ø12'47W, Shrub stems/acre59,600; groundcover63%; canopy MiddleRd.RR bridgetrestle; cover95%;average canopyheight94 ft (range50-120). Silver Creek Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estab-
Edge:Bordered on S by pond,onN by similarhabitat, lished 197S. Size: 12.9S ha = 32 acres (nearly recDescription of Plot: The onE andW bydeciduous saplings recovering from1961 tangular,planimetered). is dominated byRedMaple(Acerrubrum)and forestfire.Topography: A ravinewitha streamrunning overstory fromN to S that flowsinto Clark Pondat the S end of the SugarMaple(A. saccharum) dominatethe understory
In theshrublayer(woodyplants> 1Sin. tall and< 1 m plot Thecensus areais about30%rockoutcroppings. (Linderabenzoin)and S. Arrowwood Elevation:40 to 150ft. Coverage: April 24; May 1, 8, 11, dbh) Spicebush 21-23,29;June4; between 0500and1030hours.Total (Viburnumdentatum)are common.A high seasonal man-hours: 26. Census:GrayCatbird,7 (50, 20); House water table resulted in pools of standing water
thecensus period.A quantitative survey of Wren,6 (43,17);Rufous-sided Towhee, 6; Veery,5 (36, throughout resulted in thefollowing: trees>•4 in dbh, 15),Canada Warbler, 5;Black-and-white Warbler, 4 (29, thevegetation 12),Corn.Flicker,3 (22,9);Black-capped Chickadee, 3; on the basis of ten 13.2 ft X 82.S ft transects, 210/acre, WoodThrush,3; Blue-winged Warbler,3; Ovenbird,3; total basalarea 99 ft2/acre.Speciescomprising90% of Brown-headed Cowbird,3 (females); GreatCrestedFly- total number of trees: Red Maple, S3, 2S, 28, 50,
Hickory,S7,27, 21, SO;Red Oak (Quercus catcher, 2; E. Phoebe, 2; BlueJay,2;TuftedTitmouse, 2; Shagbark Brown Thrasher, 2; White-eyedVireo, 2; Red-eyed rubra),20, 10, 38, 40; Am. Linden(Tilla americana),20, %reo,2; Worm-eating Warbler,2; Corn.Yellowthroat,10, 4, 20; Am. Beech(fagusgrandifolia),20, 10, 3, 20,
trees(trees>•1 2, Hooded Warbler,2; Am.Redstart, 2; N. Oriole,2; andSugarMaple,12,6, 2, 30.Understory
Cardinal,2; Ruffed Grouse,1; Ruby-throated Hum- in., but < 4 in. dbh), based on same sample areas comprising mingbird, 1 (female); HairyWoodpecker, 1; E. Wood S66/acre;totalbasalarea16ft:/acre.Species of total numberof trees:Red Maple, 91, 16, 26, 30, Pewee,1; White-breasted Nuthatch,1; Red-winged90ø70 71,13,IS, 40, Blackbird,1; ScarletTanager,1; Dark-eyedJunco,1; SugarMaple,101,18,19,30;Am.Beech, White-throated Sparrow,1; DownyWoodpecker, +; Hop Hornbeam(Ostryavirginiana),71, 13, 13, 40, (Vitisspp.),131,23,9,20;andShagbark Hickory, BrownCreeper,+; Am. Robin,+; LouisianaWater- grapes thrush,+; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, +. Total:39species; 30,S, 8, 30.Treesby diametersizeclass:A (4-6in ), 77, 89 territorialmalesor females(639/km2, 258/100acres). 37, 10.0, 10; B (6-9 in.), 81,38,23.4, 24; C (9-1Sin ), 36, Remarks:Nestsfound: Wood Thrush, 2; Ruby-throated 17,24.9,2S;D (1S-21in.), 12,6, 21.7,22;F (27-33in ), 4, 3S00;canopycover80-90%, Hummingbird, 1; Com.Flicker,1; GreatCrested Fly- 2,18.1,19•.Shrubstems/acre heightaproximately SOft. Edge:Surrounded by catcher,1; GrayCatbird,1; Worm-eating Warbler,1; canopy field.Topography: Flat,lowland. Elevation: Dark-eyed Junco,1. Special thanksto Steven Dasinger shrub/open 197S;May20;June9-11,13,IS, 20,22, forhelping survey theplotand doingpartofthequan- 640ft. Coverage: hours,and 1920-211S hours.Total titativehabitatdescription. -- ANDREWandBRUCE 26, 28; 0600-0900 DASINGER,12 StoneCliffeDr., Niantic,Conn.,06357. man-hours: 22.S. Census: Wood Thrush, 8.S.(66, 27),
Volume 31,Number 1
29
Red-eyed Vireo, 8 (62, 25); E. Wood Pewee, 4 (31, 13);
Veery,3.5 (46, 18); ScarletTanager, 3 (39, 16); Rufous-
Veery,3 (23.9); Great CrestedFlycatcher,2; Cardinal,2; Rose-breasted Grosbeak,2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Am. Robin, 1.5; Mallard, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; DownyWoodpecker,1; Corn.Crow, 1; House Wren, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1. Total: 19 species;43 territorial males (332/km2. 134/100 acres). Coverage:1976:May 23, 25; June8, 14, 17, 21-22, 28, 30;
sided Towhee, 3; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Rose-
between 0600 and 0900 hours. Total man-hours: 21. Cen-
M. MCMULLEN
breasted Grosbeak, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 1.5; Downy Woodpecker,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; Am. Robin, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Corn. Flicker, 0.5; Black-capped Chickadee, 0.5; Corn. Yellowthroat, 0.5. Total:
18
species;66.5 territorial males.(865/kma, 350/100 acres). Remarks: This censuswas funded by Niagara Mohawk PowerCorporationas part of a largerstudy.--JOSEPH and RO Y S. SLACK, Terrestrial Envi-
sus: Red-eyedVireo. 13 (100, 41); Am. Redstart,7 (54, ronmental Specialists,Inc., 8398 OswegoRoad, Liver22); E. Wood Pewee,4 (31, 13); Wood Thrush, 4; Am. pool, N.Y. 13088. Robin, 3.5 (27, 11); N. Oriole, 3 (23, 9); DownyWood5, MIXED UPLAND FOREST. -- Location: New pecker,2; Great CrestedFlycatcher,2; ScarletTanager, 2; Cardinal, 2; SongSparrow,2; Corn.Flicker, 1; Black- York; Ulster Co., 1 mile SE of Mohonk Lake; 41ø46'N. capped Chickadee, 1; Veery, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Corn. 74ø09'W,Mohonk Lake Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Yellowthroat, 1• Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; House Established1975. Size: 142 ha = 350 acres (surveyed). Wren, 0.5; Total: 18 species; 51 territorial males Deserlptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1083 (1975).Coverage: (394/km 2, 159/100 acres). Remarks: These censuseswere April 10; May 15,22-26,30; June2-9, 11-12,14, 16, 18, fundedby NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.Paul G. 20, 29; July 4, 8-9, 19; between0445 and 0800 hoursand Kalka conducted much of the fieldwork. --JOSEPH M. occasionallyat dusk. Total man-hours: 75. Census: J.
Wood Thrush, 53 (37, 15); Rufous-sidedTewhee, 44 (31,
LUCID, Terrestrial Environmental Specialists, Inc., 8398 OswegoRoad, Liverpool,N.Y. 13088.
13); Great Crested Flycatcher,28.5 (20, 8); E. Wood Pewee,26 (18, 7); Red-eyedVireo, 22.5 (16, 6); Black-
MCMULLEN,
ROY
S. SLACK,
and VINCENT
and-white Warbler, 19 (13, 5); Am. Robin, 18.5 (13, 5); 4. MIXED
HARDWOODS
FOREST.
--
Location:
New York; ChautauquaCo., Erie Lake Plain, 0.5 mile SW of East Middle Road RR bridgetrestle;42ø31'4TN,
79ø13'02'W,SilverCreekQuadrangle,USGS.Contlnuity: New. Size: 7.69 ha = 19 acres(nearlysquare,measured). Descriptionof Plot: The overstoryand understory are dominatedby Am. Beech(Fagusgrandtfolia), Hop Hornbeam (Ostryavirginiana),and Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum). Largeclumpsof grapes(Vitisspp.)arepresent throughoutthe plot. In theseclumps,grapeshave outcompetedthe upper strata, resultingin large open areas.A quantitativesurveyof the vegetationresultedin the following:Trees•> 4 in. dbh, on the basisoften 13.2 X 82.5 ft transects, 129/acre, total basal area 69.1
ft2/acre. Speciescomprising90% of total number of trees:Am. Beech,16, 13, 65, 20; Hop Hornbeam,32, 25, 6, 40; SugarMaple, 20, 16, 14, 30; BlackCherry(Prunus serotina), 12, 9, 3, 20; Red Oak (Ouercusrubra), 12, 9, 3, 20; Bitternut Hickory (Caryacordiformis),16, 13, 4, 20; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana),12, 9, 3, 20. Understory
ScarletTanager,16.5(12, 5); Ovenbird,15 (11,4); Indigo Bunting, 14 (10, 4); Corn.Flicker, 13 (9, 4); SongSparrow, 12.5 (9, 4); Blue Jay, 12 (8, 3); Chipping Sparrow, 12; Dark-eyedJunco,11.5 (8, 3); Red-wingedBlackbird, 11 (8, 3); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 10 (7, 3); Winter
Wren, 9.5 (7, 3); Field Sparrow, 9.5; Downy Woodpecker,8 (6, 2); Tufted Titmouse,8; E. Phoebe,7 (5, 2); Brown Thrasher, 7; Veery, 7; Worm-eating Warbler, 7: Black-cappedChickadee,6.5 (5, 2); Gray Catbird, 6.5; Prairie Warbler, 6.5; Corn. Yellowthroat, 6.5; Louisiana Waterthrush, 6 (4, 2); Am. Redstart, 5.5 (4, 2): N. Oriole,
5.5; House Wren, 5 (4,1); Black-throatedBlue Warbler, 5; Corn. Grackle, 5; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 4 (3, 1); Cardinal, 4; Am. Goldfinch, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch,3.5 (2, 1); Hairy Woodpecker,3 (2, 1); CedarWaxwing, 3; Whip-poor-will, 2; PilearealWoodpecker,2; Hermit Thrush, 2; E. Bluebird, 2; Nashville Warbler, 2;
E. Kingbird, 1.5; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1.5; Bluewinged Warbler, 1.5; Mallard, 1; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Green Heron, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Ruby-throated Hummingbird,1; BeltedKingfisher,1; LeastFlycatcher,
trees (trees •> 1 in.. but • 4 in. dbh) based on same sam-
ple areas, 1001/acre; total basal area 23.7 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising90% of the total number of understory trees: Sugar Maple. 394, 39, 33, 90; Hop Hornbeam, 131, 13, 20, 80; grapes, 162, 16, 11, 60; Am. Beech,101, 10, 12, 10; YellowBirch (Betulaalleghaniensis), 40, 7, 20; Am. Elm (Ulmus americana). 40. 4, 5. 20; White Ash, 20, 2, 4, 20. Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 85, 54, 10.0, 11; B (6-9 in.) 36, 23, 9.7, 11; C (9-15 in.) 20, 13, 17.5, 19; D (15-21 in.) 12. 8, 19.9. 23; F (27-33 in.) 4, 2, 32.5, 36. Shrub stems/acre5400; canopycover 75-85ø'/0; canopyheight 50-60 ft. Edge: Abandoned RR track bed on one side, mixed hardwoods on one side, hayfield on two sides. Topography: Essentially fiat. Elevation: 700 ft. Coverage:May 19, 21, 28; June 6, 10, 21, 23, 27-29; from 0600 to 0930 hours, and 2000 to 2130 hours. Total man-hours: 27. Census: Am. Redstart, 20.5 (267, 108); Red-eyedVireo, 10 (130, 53); Cardinal, 6 (78, Mixed Upland Forest watershed with second growth 32); Gray Cat-bird, 5 (65, 26): Wood Thrush. 4.5 (59, 24); fields and deciduoustrees.Photo/JamesStapletor•
30
American Birds,January,1977
1, Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Golden-crowned Kinglet,1; Golden-winged Warbler, 1; YellowWarbler,1; Mag-
July 2; between0530 and 2110 hours. Total: 10 manhours. Census:Veery, 14 (173, 70); Yellow Warbler, 12
noha Warbler, 1; Black-throated Green Warbler, 1;
(148,60); Redstart,11 (136, 55); Red-eyedVireo, 8 (99, BlackburnianWarbler, 1; Pine Warbler, 1; Purple 40); White-throatedSparrow,8; Com. Yellowthroat,7 Finch, 1; Red-breastedNuthatch,0.5. Singingcowbirds (86,35);N. Oriole,7; Com.Grackle,7; SongSparrow,6 were ubiquitous.Total: 66 species;512.5 territories (74, 30); Am. Robin, 5 (62, 25); Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (362/km 2, 146/100 acres).Remarks: 44 nestswere found:
13 Red-wingedBlackbird,7 Woodthrush,5 phoebeand grackle,2 flicker, Blue Jay, robin and oriole, 1 Hairy Woodpecker,kingbird, pewee,Yellow-throatedVireo, Louisiana Waterthrush, and Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
5; Great CrestedFlycatcher,4 (49, 20); Gray Catbird, 4, E. Wood Pewee,3 (37, 15); Com. Flicker, 2; Ovenbird,2, BlueJay,1; Black-capped Chickadee,1; Wood Thrush, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, + Total: 21 species; 109 territorial males (137/km2,
Specialthanks to Karl Beard for assistancein monitorlng nests. -- JIM STAPLETON, .The Mohonk Trust,
545/100 acres). Visitors: Ruffed Grouse, Tree Swallow,
Mohonk Lake, New Paltz, N.Y. 12561.
Located one mile from the St. Lawrence River on Chase
Cedar Waxwing, Starling, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks:
Mills Road along Coles Creek. The river water level changesaffectsthe water level of ColesCreek and have 6. UPLAND OAK FOREST. --Location: New York; contributedto a wet substratealongmuch of the plot Delaware Co.; about 1.5 miles N of Pine Lake on South One female cowbirdwas seen consistently.This study Hill about 2 miles E of West Davenport;42ø28'33•N, was partially supportedby the State Universityof New 74ø56'15"W,West DavenportQuadrangle,USGS. Con- York at Oswegoand the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service R. MAXtinutty: Established1971 (1972); 4 intermittent years. Contract No. 141600056067. -- GEORGE Size:11.8ha = 29.1acres(nearlysquare,essentially 6 X 5 WELL, Rice Creek BiologicalField Station, Dept of unitsof 208 ft edge,measuredwith steeltape into a grid Zoology,State Univ. College,Oswego,N.Y. 13126. of one acre units. Description of Plot: See AB 26:
661-662,941 (1972).Weather:Mean averagedaily tem8. YOUNG WHITE ASH -- BASSWOOD FOREST. peratureand total precipitationfor April 45.3ø F, 5.32 in, May 52.5ø, 4.21 in., June66.4ø, 8.66 in., July 65.1ø, -- Location:New York; St. LawrenceCo., 3 miles SW of 3 18 in. No grosstemperaturedeviationsfrom the 30- Morristownat JacquesCartier State Park, 44ø33'N, year average.Precipitationwas abovenormal all 4 75ø41'W,MorristownQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity: months, particularly April, +2.04 in., June, +5.04 in. New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres (rectangular, pace Cloudyabout half the censustrips. Coverage:June5, 9, longitudinallyand estimatedlaterally).Descriptionof 13, 15, 18, 23, 27-28; July 1, 4-6, 11; between0600 and Plot: Forestcrownclosedwith 41% understoryof shrubs 1000 hours. Total: 30 man-hours. Census:Ovenbird, 24 averaging1 m in height;a 75% herbaceous groundcover, (204,82); Red-eyedVireo, 10 (85, 34); E. Wood Pewee,8 typical young deciduousforest along the St. Lawrence (68, 27); Hermit Thrush,5 (42, 17); BrownCreeper,4 (34, River in northernNew York. The treesaverage11 m in 14), Dark-eyed Junco,2; Downy Woodpecker,1.5; Scar- height and stemsaverage2.1 m apart. The canopytrees let Tanager, 1.5; Black-cappedChickadee,1; White- followedby relative densityand dbh in cm were: White breasted Nuthatch, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 0.5.
Ash (Fraxinus americana) 30%, 11; Basswood (Ttha
Total: 11 species;58.5 territorial males (497/km2, 201/100 acres. Remarks: An apparent decreasein speciesnumber and density again. --J. ROBERT MILLER, Hartwick College,Oneonta,N.Y. 13820.
arnericana)15o70,12; Gray Birch (Betulapopulifoha) 12%,12;QuakingAspen(Populustrernuloides) 10%,10, Red Maple (Acerruhrurn)9o7o, 13; SugarMaple (A. sac-
7. YOUNG
RED
MAPLE-GRAY
BIRCH
FOREST.
-- Location: New York; St. LawrenceCo., 4 milesNE of
charurn) 7%, 11; White Pine (Pinus strobus) 7%, 20, Black Cherry (Prunusserotina)2%, 12; Yellow Birch (B lutea) 2%, 14, with Am. Elm (Ulrnus arnericana), Scotch
Pine (P. sylvestris).Red Oak (Quercusrubra), Hop-
Waddington at Coles Creek, 44ø53'N, 75ø07'W, Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), Black Walnut (Juglans LouisvilleQuadrangle,USGS.Continuity:New.Size:8.1 nigra), Hemlock(Tsugacanadensis)and White Oak (Q ha = 20 acres (rectangular,pacedlongitudinallyand alba) making up the remaining6%. Edge: Boundedon estimated laterally). Description of Plot: Forest crown
all sidesby similar woods.Topography:Flat. Elevation:
partiallyclosedwith heavyunderstory(65%)of shrubs 300 ft. Weather:Higherthan averagerainfall duringthe averagingI m in height; 73% herbaceous groundcover; period.Coverage:June2-3, 9-11, 16-18; July2; between typical youngmoist woodland;trees average10 m in 0530 and 2100 hours. Total: 10 man-hours. Census: heightand stemsaverage2 m apart. The canopytrees Yellow Warbler, 16 (198, 80); E. Wood Pewee, 11 (136, followed by relative density and dbh in cm were: Red Maple (Acer rubrum) 43%. 7; Gray Birch (Betulapop-
uhfoha)25%, 7; QuakingAspen(Populustrernuloides) 11%, 10; Willow (Salixsp.) 7ø70, 6; White Ash (Fraxinus arnertcana) 6%, 8; SugarMaple (A. saccharurn) 2%, 10; Black Cherry (Prunusserotina)1%, 8; with Basswood (Ttha americana), Am. Elm (Ulrnusamericana),Mossycup Oak (Quercusrnacrocarpa),and Yellow Birch (B. lutea), making up the remaining 5%. Edge: Boundedby s•mflarwoods,exceptone sideboundedby ColesCreek. Topography:Flat. Elevation:250 ft. Weather: Higher than averagerainfall. Coverage:June3-4, 10-11, 17-18;
Volume31, Number1
55); HouseWren, 9 (111, 45); N. Oriole, 9; Am. Robin, 8, (99, 40); Wood Thrush, 8; Veery, 8; Am. Redstart, 8,
SongSparrow,8; Rose-breasted Grosbeak,7 (86, 35), Warbling Vireo, 6 (74, 30); Black-cappedChickadee, 5 (62, 25); Red-eyedVireo, 5; Ovenbird, 5; Rufous-sided Towhee,5; White-throatedSparrow,4 (49, 20); Great Crested Flycatcher, 3 (37, 15); Com. Yellowthroat, 3, Red-wingedBlackbird, 3; Corn. Grackle, 3; Chipping
Sparrow,3; Least Flycatcher,2; Cardinal, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Corn. Flicker, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Cedar Waxwing,1; PileatedWoodpecker,+. Total: 28 species, 146
territorial
males (1804/km 2, 730/100
acres)
31
Remarks:Locatedpartiallywithin the JacquesCartier State Park and partially outsidealonga serviceroad to adjacentcottages.The St. LawrenceRiver is 200 m from the north boundary.Six female cowbirdswere observed eachvisit.Thisstudywaspartiallysupported by the State Universityof NewYork at Oswegoand the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Contract No.
14-16-0005-6067.
--
leaves.Tree reproductionprior to the fire averaged1100 seedlingsor sprouts/acre; 73% Red Maple (Acer rubrum), 7% Black Birch (B. lenta), 6% White Birch, 6%
White Oak (Q. alba), 8% otherspecies;all aerialport•ons were killed by the fire but most had sproutedfrom the root collar by the end of the counnt period. There •s
Bracken(Pteridiumaquilinum),Com.Cinquefoil(Poten-
GEORGE R. MAXWELL, Rice Creek BiologicalField tilia simplex), Whorled Loostrife (LysimachiaquadStat..on,Dept. of Zoology,State Univ. College,Oswego, riœolia) and grasses in variousdensitieswhichby the end N Y 13126. of the censusperiod had completelycoveredthe plot Burnedremnantsof unmerchantableportionsof felled trees and burned stems of Mountain Laurel (Kalm..a 9. BIRCH-MAPLE-OAK
FOREST.
--
Location:
Pennsylvania:Butler Co., Buffalo Township,1 mile S of Intersectionof StateRte 228 and Kepple Road on Todd Sanctuary;40ø44'N, 79ø42'W., Freeport Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1974; 3 consecutive years.Size: 9 ha = 22.4 acres(square,measuredand grldedwith line and compass). Descriptionof Plot-'See
latifolia) and Witch-hazel (f-Iamamelisvirginiana) are scatteredovermost of the plot. A loggingroad through the E portion and along the S edge, planted to Tall Fescueand BirdsfootTrefoil, did not burn. Edge: Bordered on S and W by similar area, on N and E by forest similarto plot prior to cutting,nowburned.Topography: Flat.
Elevation:
1740 ft. Weather:
See Census 11 for
AB 28:992-993 (1974).Weather:Warm with frequent monthlyaverages.During countsthe temperaturevaried rams.Coverage:May 31; June7, 9, 17, 22-23, 25-26, 29- from 45 ø to 75ø F (mean 58ø). Skies were overcast on 4 30, July 5; between0500 and 0800 hours or 1825 and trips. Coverage:May 21, 26, 28; June 2-3, 25; July 9, 2130 hours. Total man-hours: 31. Census.'Red-eyed between 0622 and 0949 hours EDT or 1949 and 2018 Vireo, 10.5 (116, 47); Cardinal, 7.5 (83, 33); Scarlet Tanager, 4 (44, 18); Tufted Titmouse,3.5 (39, 16); Wood
Thrush, 3.5; AcadianFlycatcher,2.5; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2; Kentucky Warbler, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 1.5; White-breastedNuthatch, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1, Downy Woodpecker,1; CeruleanWarbler, 1; Hooded Warbler, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1 (female);Yellowbilled Cuckoo,0.5; Carolina Wren, 0.5; Gray Catbird, 0 5, LouisianaWaterthrush,0.5; ChippingSparrow,0.5; Field Sparrow, 0.5; Broad-winged Hawk, +; Blackbilled Cuckoo, +; ScreechOwl, +; Barred Owl, +; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, + (female); E. Phoebe, +, Blue Jay, +; Rufous-sidedTowher, +. Total: 32 species; 52 territorial and non-territorial males or females (574/km 2, 232/100 acres). Visitors: Pileated
Total man-hours: 8. Census: Rufous-sided Towhee, 5
(51, 21); Com. Yellowthroat, 3 (31, 13); Am. Robin, 2,
Field Sparrow,2; E. Kingbird,1; E. Bluebird,1; Indtgo Bunting, 1; Com. Flicker, 0.5; Blue Jay, 0.5; WhitebreastedNuthatch, 0.5; Brown Thrasher,0.5; N. Oriole, 0.5; Brown-headedCowbird, 0.5 (female);Great Crested Flycatcher,+; Com. Raven, +; House Wren, +; RosebreastedGrosbeak,+; Chipping Sparrow,+. Total: 18 species;18 territorial malesor females(185/km2, 75/100 acres).Remarks: Nestsfound: Am. Robin; E. Bluebxrd, Field Sparrow.During the censusperiod groundcover increasedfrom 0 to virtually 100% and the robins had desertedthe area.The HouseWren, IndigoBuntingand yellowthroats appeared only after mid-June -CHARLES E. SCHWARZ, Penn. Dept. of Environmental Resources,1405 Pine Crest Dr., South Williamsport,
Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Com. Crow, Am. Pa'. 17701. Robin, Cedar Waxwing, Yellow-throated Vireo, N. Oriole, Com. Grackle, Rose-breasted Grosbeak,Indigo 11. DISTURBED UPLAND OAK FOREST. -Bunting,Am. Goldf'mch.Remarks:Nestslocated:Redeyed Vireo, 2; Broad-wingedHawk, Ruffed Grouse, Location: Pennsylvania;Lycoming Co., Williamsport Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Blue Jay, Black-cappedChick- Municipal Watershed, 8 miles SW of Williamsport adee, Carolina Wren, Cardinal. I thank G. Thomas BanQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1975 Size: croft and Jeff Maugans for their assistance.This 10.1 ha = 25 acres(irregular,surveyed).Descriptionof researchfundedby a grant from the AudubonSocietyof Plot: SeeAB 29:756 (1975).This wasthe secondgrowing in parenWestern Pennsylvania.-- CHARLE•ø '•: •-'E•, 221 seasonafter cutting.Weather:30-yearaverages thesis.Mean temperature:May 58.3øF(60.1ø),June71 6ø LawrenceAvenue,Pittsburgh,Pa. 15238. (68.6ø);precipitation:May 3.81 in. (3.99 in., June5 31 in (3.25 in.). During countsthe temperaturevaried from 10. BURNED DISTURBED UPLAND OAK FOR38ø to 60ø (mean 51ø); skieswere overcaston 3 trips. EST. -- Location: Pennsylvania,Lycoming Co., Coverage:May 22-23, 29, 31; June 1, 5-6, 8; between TxadaghtonState Forest, 2.8 miles NE of Haneyville; 0558 and 0841 hours, EDT. Total man-hours: 16 Cen41ø21'N,77ø25'W,Jersey Mills Quadrangle, USGS.Con- sus: Rufous-sidedTowher, 10 (99, 40); ChippingSpartinuity: New.Size:9.7 ha = 24 acres(rectangular,1320X row,5.5 (54, 22); Field Sparrow,5 (49, 20); Com.Yellow792 ft). Descriptionof Plot: Part of a 95-acretimber sale throat, 5; House Wren, 3.5 (35, 14); Black-and-white completedin 1972.All treesin excessof 2 in. werefelled Warbler, 3 (30, 12); E. Bluebird, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2, exceptfor selectedseedtrees. The area was included in Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; BlueJay, 1; White-breasted the 3400 acresburned in a forestfire April 19-21, 1976. Nuthatch, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher,1; Golden-winged There is an averageof 12 seedtrees/acre,60% Red Oak Warbler, 1; E. Wood Pewec,0.5; Yellow-breastedChat, (Quercusrubra), 27% Hickory, 13%White Birch (Betula 0.5; N. Oriole, 0.5; Brown-headedCowbird,0.5 (female), papyrifera); average 11.1 in.; on the first trip all ScarletTanager,0.5; Red-tailedHawk, +; Black-billed appeareddead,by the last trip about 10% had produced Cuckoo, +; Gray Catbird, +; Black-throatedGreen 32
American Birds,January,1977
Warbler, +; Cardinal, +. Total: 23 species;43.5 territorial males or females (430/kmL
174/100 acres).
Remarks:Field Sparrowsincreasedfrom 2 to 5 and the bluebird
and Black-and-white
Warbler
both doubled
their numbers.The total numberof speciesdecreased by 2, the number of individualsincreasedby 1. The E. Bluebird with 1 territorial male was inadvertently omittedfrom lastyears'stotals.Appreciationis extended to the WilliamsportMunicipal Water Authorityfor permission to conduct the study. -- CHARLES E. SCHWARZ, 1405 Pine CrestDrive, South Williamsport, Pa 17701.
12. MOUNTAIN
TOP, OAK-MAPLE
FOREST. --
35, 20, 4, 3; B (6-9 in.) 42, 24, 13, 11; C (9-15 in.) 63, 37, 51, 46; D (15-21in.) 18. 11.33.30; E (21-27 in.) 3, 2, 10, 9; F (27-33 in.) 3, 2, 16, 15; G (33-40 in.) 8, 5, 59, 53
Shrubstems/acre 3675;groundcover63%;canopycover 81%; averagecanopyheight 118 ft (range 102-143) Edge:Southern edgeis borderedby a 15-year-old strip mine. Forestcontinuesto the E but lacksthe largeoaks andcontains moresecond-growth species. Northernedge isborderedby Peter'sCreek.Westernedgeis adjacentto a cemetery.Topography:17ø N facing slope.Elevation: 1070-1150ft. Weather: Usuallysunnyand warm; rain during 3 trips. Coverage:May 21-24, 26, 28-31; June3, between0540 and 2045, EDT. Total party-hours:23 6 Census:AcadianFlycatcher,9 (104,42); Red-eyedVireo,
Location: Pennsylvania;Westmoreland Co., 10 miles 6 (69, 28); WoodThrush,5.5 (63, 26); Blue-grayGnatSSW of Ligonier, 6 miles S of Laughlintownin Forbes catcher, 2; Cardinal, 2; Cerulean Warbler, 1.5; KenState Forest on top of Laurel Mountain; 40ø0T37"N, tucky Warbler, 1.5; E. Wood Pewee,1; Carolina Chick79ø10'5ffW, Ligonier Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: adee, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Am. Robin, 1, Established1974; 3 consecutive years.Size: 6.07 ha = lS Brown-headed Cowbird,1; ScarletTanager, 1; Rufousacres(rectangular,330 X 1980ft, measured).Description sidedTowhee,1; Great HornedOwl, 0.5; Hairy Woodof Plot: SeeAB 28:993-4 (1974).Weather: Sunny,some pecker, 0.5; ScreechOwl, +; Chimney Swift, +; Com cloudcover,mostlywarm and clear. Coverage:June5-6, Flicker, +; PileatedWoodpecker,+; Downy Wood9, 12-13. Hours: 0500-0930. 1200-1300 and 1700-1930. pecker, +; Great Crested Flycatcher,+; Blue Jay, +, Total party-hours:12. Census:Rod-eyodVireo, 6 (99, Com. Crow,+. Total: 27 species;38.5 territorial malesor 40), Ovenbird, 3 (49, 20); Solitary Vireo, 2; Scarlet females(444/km 2, 180/100acres).Visitors:Starling,E Tanager, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 1.S; Rose-breastedGros- Meadowlark,N. Oriole,Com.Grackle,IndigoBunting, beak, 1.S; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1.5; Dark-eyed Junco, Am. Goldfinch,and SongSparrow.Remarks:Fournests 1 S, Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; House Wren, 1; Chip- werelocated:ScreechOwl, Hairy Woodpecker,Acadian ping Sparrow, 1; Blue Jay, 0.S; Brown Creeper, 0.S; Flycatcher, andWoodThrush.Thanksto EileenHigbee Wood Thrush, 0.5; Veery, 0.S; Com. Yellowthroat, 0.S; and Lorinda Richardsonfor their help and to Glen Barred Owl, +; Hairy Woodpecker,+; Com. Crow, +. Phillipsfor his adviceand assistance. --ROGER V. and Total: 19 species; 24.5 territorial males (404/km2, MARGARET A. HIGBEE, 219 Blue Jay Drive, 163/100 acres).Remarks:A majorphysicalchangein the Canonsburg,Pa. 1531Z area was the cutting of two herbaceousopeningsin the forestduring the fall of 1974, each measuringapproxImately 300 X 1S0 ft; one on either side of the plot but 14. STREAM VALLEY-MIXED MESOPHYTIC not oppositeeach other. This probablyaccountsfor the FOREST. -- Location: Pennsylvania;Butler Co., Bufappearanceof House Wren and Chipping Sparrow.The falo Township, 1% miles SW of Iron Bridge (on Iron openingswere cut by the PennsylvaniaBureau of For- BridgeRoad)alongthe Winfield RR 40ø44'N,79ø42'W, estry as part of a wildlife managementplan. -- R. Freeport Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estabhshod
CARRELL ABBOTT (compiler},CarnegieMuseum,
1975 (1976). Size: 16.5 ha = 40.77 acres (1100 m transect
Pittsburgh,Pa. 15213.
X 75 m on eachside,line measuredalongRR bed follow-
13. OAK-MAPLE
FOREST.
--
Location:
Penn-
sylvania;Washington Co., 2 miles WSW of Finleyville;
40ø14'3TN, 80ø01'STW,Hacker Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.66 ha = 21.41 acres (quadrangular,1450 X 700 X 1600 X 360 ft., entire perimetermeasuredwith steel tape and Brunton com-
pass) Descriptionof Plot: The dominantcanopytrees are White Oak (Quercusalba) and SugarMaple (Acer saccharum).Most prominantin the understoryare saplings of Sugar Maple and Black Cherry (Prunusserottna) The ground cover is primarily Pale Jewelweed (Impatienspallida) and May-apple(Podophyllum peltaturn) A quantitativesurveyof the vegetationgavethe following results: Trees 3-inches diameter and over, basedon six circular samples,176/acre; total basal area 185 5 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising90% of the total number of trees: Sugar Maple, 68, 39, 22, 100; Red Maple (A. rubrum), 22, 13, 7, 67; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 18, 11, 19, 67; Black Cherry, 17, 10, 9, 83; Dead, 17, 10, 6, 67, Am. Elm (Ulmus americana), 10, 6, 3, 33; White Oak, 7, 4, 24, 50. Treesby diameter sizeclass:A (3-6 in.) Volume 31, Number 1
ing stream).Descriptionof Plot: A transectline paralleling Buffalo Creek, includingwoodedvalley sides,and open and woodedbottomland. Stream width: 7-16 m The dominant bottomland canopy trees are: Yellow Birch (Betula lutea), Sycamore(Platanusoccidentahs) and Basswood (Tilla americana), while the dominant
valleysidecanopyincludes:E. Hemlock(Tsugacanadensis), hickories, Black Birch (Betula lenta), Red and Black Oaks (Quercusrubra and Q velutina) and White
Ash (Fraxinus americana). Of thirty-one speciesof shrubslisted, the most common are: Witch-hazel (Ham-
amelis virginiana), hawthorn (Crateagussp.), Virginia Creeper(Parthenocissus quinquefolia),PoisonIvy (Rhus radicans), Grape (Vitis sp.), and Flowering Dogwood (Comus florida). Saplings of Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra), SugarMaple (Acersaccharum)and ashare also abundant. Herbaceouscovervarieswidely from 20ø7o on shadedvalley sidesto 100% in open areasnear stream Fifty-one speciesof herbaceousplants recorded. The dominantspeciesof woodlandherbsinclude: Spinulose Wood-fern (Dryopteris spinulosa), Christmas Fern (polystichumacrostichoides), Wild Ginger (Asarumcanadense)and violets(Viola spp.). In the open areas the 33
common herbs are: Jewelweed(Impatiens), Coneflower Hummingbird, 2; Black-cappedChickadee,2; Brown(Rudbeckia laciniata), Thin-leaved Sunflower ff-lelian- headed Cowbird, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Ruffed Grouse, thus decapetalus)and Wing-stem64ctinomerisalter- 1.5; Cedar Waxwing, 1.5; Ovenbird,1.5; N. Oriole, 1 5, mfoha). A synopsisof a vegetationsurveyfollows:Trees Com. Flicker, 1; Downy Woodpecker,1; Blue Jay, 1, 3-inchesdbh and larger, basedon eleven0.1-acrecir- White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; N. Parula, 1; Louisiana cular samples,181 trees/acre, total basal area 107.7 Waterthrush,1; Belted Kingfisher,0.5; Yellow-throated squarefeet/acre. Speciescomprising90% of the total Vireo, 0.5; SolitaryVireo, 0.5; Black-and-whiteWarbler, number of trees:Basswood,25, 14, 15, 54; Black Birch, 0.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; ScreechOwl, +; Great 16, 9, 5, 36; Hop Hornbeam(Ostryavirginiana),16, 9, 2, Horned Owl, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; Hairy 45, SugarMaple, 15, 8, 6, 64; deadtrees,14, 7.5, 7, 64; Woodpecker, +; E. Phoebe, +; Brown Creeper, +, E Hemlock, 12, 7, 9.5, 54; White Ash, 12, 7, 6, 54; HoodedWarbler, +; Total: 40 species;100.5territorial Yellow Birch, 12, 7, 8, 27; Sycamore,9, 5, 14, 18; Black and non-territorial males or females (615/km 2, 249/100 Oak, 8, 4, 4, 18; SlipperyElm, 6, 4, 4, 18; Red Oak, 5, 3, acres).Remarks: Carolina Wren changedfrom 3 ter8 5, 45; SweetPignutHickory(Caryaovalis),5, 3, 3, 18; ritories to visitor. Nests located: Corn. Flicker, Downy
Crabapple(Pyruscoronaria),5, 3, 0.7, 18;White Oak (Q. alba), 4, 2, 4, 18. Treesby diameter-sizeclass:A (3-6 in.) 73, 40, 7.3, 7; B (6-9 in) 32, 18, 9.7, 9; C (9-15 in.) 50, 28, 37 4, 35; D (15-21 in.) 22, 12, 40.5, 38; E (21-27 in.) 4, 2,
Woodpecker,Wood Thrush, SolitaryVireo, Red-eyed Vireo, Cerulean Warbler. I give specialthanks to G ThomasBancroft,J. J. Hickey,William R. Andersonand DonnaEgbertfor their help.This studywasconducted 8 4, 7.5; F (27-33 in.) 1, 0.5, 4.4, 3.5. Shrub stems/acre aspart of a grant from the AudubonSocietyof Western 23,000; ground cover 56%; canopy cover 63%; average Pennsylvania-- CHARLES W. BIER, 221 Lawrence canopyheight 17.7m (range14.6-23.5m). Edge: Similar Avenue,Pittsburgh,Pa. 15238. habitat continuesN for about a mile. South borderedby small strip of samehabitat followedby fieldsin the bottomland. East and W edgesare upland forest. Topography: Valley width (at streamlevel)75-125 m. Western
15. BRUSHY RIDGE. -- Location:West Virginia, Braxton Co., 2 miles E of Sutton; 38ø40'08",
edgeis largelyon valleyside;E portionincludesstream and is nearlyflat. Smallerstreamentersvalleyfrom W. Elevation:Stream bed 800 ft, valley ridge 1000 ft. Coverage,1975: June8, 10, 12-13, 17, 20-22, 25, 29-30;
80ø40'2TW, Sutton Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular,110 X 660 yds, measuredlongitudinallyand estimatedlaterally) Descriptionof Plot: The dominanttreesare Tulip-tree 0500-0800 and 1930-2130. Total man-hours: 27.5. Cen(Liriodendrontulipifera) and Black Locust (Robtnta sus: Red-eyedVireo, 17 (103, 42); Acadian Flycatcher,9 pseudo-acacia). Most prominentin the understoryare (55, 22); ScarletTanager,9; Indigo Bunting, 7 (42, 17); Sumac(Rhusglabra) and blackberry(Rubussp.) The Wood Thrush, 6 (36, 15); Cardinal, 5 (30, 12); Tufted Tit- groundcoveris primarily goldenrod(Solldagosp.) and mouse,4.5 (27, 11); Blue-grayGnatcatcher,4 (24, 10); Field Basil(Saturejavulgaris).A quantitative surveyof
CeruleanWarbler, 4; Brown-headedCowbird,4; Ruffed Grouse,3 (18, 7); Carolina Wren, 3; Kentucky Warbler, 3, SongSparrow,3; Ruby-throatedHummingbird,2; E. Wood Pewee,2; Black-cappedChickadee,2; Ovenbird, 2, Louisiana Waterthrush, 2; Com. Yellowthroat, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 1.5; Downy Woodpecker, 1.5;
White-breastedNuthatch,1.5; BrownCreeper,1; Gray Catbird, 1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; N. Parula, 1; Yellow-throatedWarbler, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; ScreechOwl, +; Great Horned Owl, +; Belted Kingfisher,+; PileatedWoodpecker,+; Great CrestedFlycatcher,+; BlueJay,+; Com.Crow,+; Cedar Waxwing, +; Yellow-throated Vireo, +; Hooded
the vegetationgavethe followingresults:Trees3-inches diameter and over, based on six 0.1 acre circular
samples, 28/acre:total basalarea 16.3ft2/acre.Species comprising 90% of the total numberof trees:Tulip-tree, 22, 28, 26, 50; BlackLocust,28, 36, 17, 16;BlackCherry OPrunus serotina),15, 19, 13,33;Sassafras albidum,7, 8, 6, 16. Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 63, 81, 6, 39; B (6-9 in.), 12, 15, 4, 21; C (9-15 in.) 2, 2, 1, 8; E (21-
27 in.) 2, 2, 5, 31. Shrubstems/acre7316;groundcover 96% canopycover47%; averagecanopyheight30 ft (range9-73).Edge: Borderedon both sidesby slightly
olderbrushysecond growth.Topography: A broadridge extendingE and dropping 60 ft in elevationover full
Warbler, +; Am. Goldfinch,+; Rufous-sidedTowhee,+. length.Elevation:1380to 1320ft. Weather:Hot anddry Total: 42 species;104 territorial and non-territorial Coverage:June 5 - 10; betweendawn and 0745 hoursor males or females (630/km 2, 255/100 acres). Remarks: 1923 and 2048 hours. Total party-hours:12. Census: Yellow-throatedWarbler, a recentlyexpandingspecies, Prairie Warbler, 4 (66, 27); Indigo Bunting,3 (49, 20), was not previouslyrecordedin area. Nestslocated: Aca- Golden-winged Warbler, 2.5; Yellow-breasted Chat, 2 5,
dianFlycatcher, 2; Red-eyed Vireo,2 (onewith a young FieldSparrow,2.5; Rufous-sided Towhee,2; White-eyed cowbird), Indigo Bunting, 2. Fledglingsnoted: Great Vireo, 1.5; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Cardinal, 1; Blue-gray Horned Owl, 2; LouisianaWaterthrush,1, 1; N. Oriole, Gnatcatcher,0.5; ChimneySwift, +; Great CrestedFly1, IndigoBunting,3, 4. Coverage,1976:May 29-30;June catcher,+; Blue Jay, +; CarolinaChickadee,+; Brown3-4, 8, 14, 16, 18, 22-24, 26-28;July8; between0500 and headedCowbird, +; Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 16 spe0845 or 1900 and 2130. Total man-hours: 41. Census:
cies;20.5 territorial males (338/km 2, 137/100 acres) Vis-
Red-eyedVireo, 16.5 (102, 41); AcadianFlycatcher,8.5 (52, 21); ScarletTanager,7.5 (45, 18);IndigoBunting,7 (42, 17); Wood Thrush,6.5 (40, 26); Tufted Titmouse,5 (30, 23); Cardinal, 5; SongSparrow,4.5 (27, 11); Bluegray Gnatcatcher,3.5 (22, 9); Kentucky Warbler, 3.5; CeruleanWarbler, 3 (18, 7); Corn.Yellowthroat,3; E. Wood Pewee, 2.5; Gray Catbird, 2.5; Ruby-throated
itors: Red-belliedWoodpecker,Downy Woodpecker,
34
Acadian Flycatcher, E. Wood Pewee,Tufted Titmouse,
White-breasted Nuthatch, Gray Catbird, Brown Thrasher, Wood Thrush, Kentucky Warbler, Corn Yellowthroat and Corn. Grackle. Remarks: This field is
part of the acreageacquiredto build SuttoDam and the surroundingrecreationfacilities.The fieldwasin pasture AmericanBirds,January,1977
whenabandonedprior to 1956,whenthe dam wasbuilt, and is now 20 yearsinto the cycleof reforestation.The low populationand the speciescomprisingthat population wereboth predictable.Duringthe weekof July3-10 mostof the birdswerestillpresentbut singingmuchless and
not
confined
to
earlier
territories.
--
BOB
HOSTOTTLE, LORRAINE HARPER, CAROLYN RUDDLE, JEAN ANDERSON, VIRGINIA JOHNSON,
declined50% in the last 15 years.Anothersignificant change istheabsence of Yellow-breasted Chatthisyear Thisspecies hasdeclined steadilyfrom5 in 1956to zero in 1976. Also missingfrom this year'scount,but not necessarily from habitat changes,were Willow Flycatcher,WarblingVireoandRuffedGrouse.Onlycon-
tinuedstudycandetermine definitetrendsasthevegetation changes.Two nestswere found: DownyWood-
RICHARD DIENER and GLEN PHILLIPS (compiler), peckerand AcadianFlycatcher.--BERNARD TROTT BrooksBird Club,707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W. Va. andGLEN PHILLIPS (compiler), BrooksBird Club,707 26003. WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. 16. ELM-CHERRY
WOODLAND.
--
Location:
West Virginia; Ohio Co., 1.6 milesESE from the intersectionof Route 40 and the Valley Grove-MiddleCreek Road; 40ø04'51"N,80ø32'11"W,Valley Grove Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Establishedin 1956(Redstart 24 52-54); 5 intermittentyears.Size: 4.05 ha = 10 acres. Description of Plot: The dominant canopy trees are Black Cherry (Prunusserotina)and Elm (Ulmus rubra and U. americana).Most prominentin the understory
17. MAPLE-OAK-HICKORY
FOREST.
--
Loca-
tion: WestVirginia;BraxtonCo., 3 milesNNE from Sut-
ton; 38ø42'26"N,80ø41'24•W,Sutton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rec-
tangular,110 x 660 yds,measuredlongitudinally and estimatedlaterally). Descriptionof Plot: A hardwood
forestlasttimberedabout1950.The dominantcanopy treeis SugarMaple(Acersaccharum). Mostprominent are Poison Ivy (Rhus rudicans) and Multiflora Rose in the understoryare FloweringDogwood(Cornus (Rosamultiflora). The ground coveris primarily May- florida),Redbud(Cercis canadensis), andsaplings of the
apple (Podophyllumpeltatum) and Panic Grass (Panicurnsp.).A quantitativesurveyof the vegetationgavethe following results: Trees 3-inches diameter and over, based on six 0.1 acre circular samples, 175/acre; total basal hrea 54 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising90% of the total number of trees:Black Cherry, 57, 33, 32, 100; Red Elm, 25, 14, 18, 83; Am. Elm, 25, 14, 18, 67; Laurel Oak (Quercusimbricaria),20, 11, 63, 17; BlackWalnut lansnigra), 13, 8, 12, 50; deadtrees,15, 9, 8, 83. Treesby
canopyspecies. The groundcoveris primarilyVirginia Creeper(Parthenocissus quinquefolia).The resultsof a quantitative vegetationsurvey based on six 0.1 acre
samples are:Trees3-inches diameter andover,180/acre, totalbasalacre,84.3ft2/acre.Species comprising 91%of thetotalnumberof trees:SugarMaple,67, 37, 33, 100, RedMaple(A, rubrum),7, 4, 2, 33; RedOak (Quercus rubra),17, 9, 12,67; ChestnutOak (Q. Prinus),18, 10, 11, 50; BlackOak (Q. velutina),3, 2, 4, 33; White Oak
diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 100, 57, 10, 19; B (6-9 in.) 48, 27, 15, 27; C (9-15 in.) 18, 11, 15, 27; D (15-21 in.) 8,
(Q.alba),3, 2, 7, 33;PignutHickory(Caryaglabra), 8, 5, 8, 33; MockernutHickory(C. tomentosa), 3, 2, 4, 33,
5, 15, 37. Shrub stems/acre3475; ground cover85%; canopycover74% averagecanopyheight56 ft (range3882) Edge: Bounded on two ends by like habitat, on E sideby a lake and on the W by an unusedroad, a narrow strip of like habitat, then a meadow.Topography:Eastfacing slope of a low hill. Elevation: 1130-1200ft. Weather: Rain on 3, cloudyon 5 of 17 trips. Coverage: May 27-31; 16 trips; betweendawn and 0740 hoursor 1810 and 2030 hours,with one trip at 1100 hours.Total party-hours:14.5. Census:Gray Catbird, 6 (148, 60); Acadian Flycatcher, 3 (74, 30); House Wren, 3; Wood Thrush, 3; Yellow Warbler, 3; Am. Robin, 2; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Cardinal, 2; Song Sparrow,2; White-eyedVireo, 1.5; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1.5; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 1; C0'm Yellowthroat,1; Am. Redstart,1; Indigo Bunting, 1, DownyWoodpecker,0.5; CarolinaWren, 0.5; Spotted Sandpiper,+; ChimneySwift, +; PilearealWoodpecker, +, E Phoebe,+; Rough-winged Swallow,+; Am. Crow, +, Brown Thrasher, +; Yellow-throated Vireo, +; N. Oriole, +; Corn. Grackle, +; Brown-headedCowbird, +; Am, Goldfinch,+;Field Sparrow, +. Total: 32 species;
ShagbarkHickory(C. ovata),5, 3, 3, 33; White Ash (Fraxinus americana), 18, 10,11,67;deadtrees,12,6, 3, 50.Treesbydiametersizeclass:A (3-6in.)73,41, 7.3,9, B (6-9 in.) 47, 26, 14, 18; C (9-15 in.) 45, 25, 36, 42, D (15-21in.) 15,8, 27, 30. Shrubstems/acre 3640;ground cover40%; canopycover84%; averagecanopyheight77 ft (range 73-85). Edge: Forest continueson all sides Topography:The centerlineis about level at 1340 ft It
followsa terraceor flat on a steephillside.The flat is 50
to 75ft wideandslopes downtotheS about6øbreaking off sharplyto a 25ø slope.On the upper(N) sidethe lateral slope is 30ø to 45ø. The differencein elevation
laterallyis 100-140ft. Weather:Clear, hot, dry Coverage:June6-9; betweendawn-0800hoursand late
evening.Total party-hours: 10. Census:AcadianFlycatcher, 6 (99,40);Red-eyed Vireo,5 (82,33);Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 4 (66,27);Black-and-white Warbler,3 (49, 20); Wood Thrush,2.5; CeruleanWarbler, 2; Carolina
Chickadee, 1.5; TuftedTitmouse,1.5; Worm-eating Warbler,1.5; ScarletTanager,1.5;GreatCrestedFly-
catcher,1; E. WoodPewee,1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; CarolinaWren, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Summer 37 territorial males (914/kin 2, 370/100 acres).Remarks: Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Ovenbird,0.5; HoodedWarThis ts the fifth in a seriesof studies,made at five-year bler, 0.5; Rufous-sided Towhee,0.5; Red-tailedHawk, intervals,to recordthe changesin bird life asthevegeta- +; Red-belliedWoodpecker, +; Blue Jay, +; Browntion of an old field growstowardclimaxforest.The total headedCowbird,+; Indigo Bunting, +. Total: 25 number of territorial males is reduced 19% from five species;37 territorial males(610/km2. 247/100 acres) years ago (but only 7% from 20 years ago) while the Remarks: Probably owingto hot,dryweather birdsong numberof specieshas increased25%. The populationof wasminimal,barelyadequatefor thistypeof census. TitGray Catbirdshasremainedrelativelystablethroughout mice,nuthatches and gnatcatchers had youngout of the entire period while that of Yellow Warbler has nest. Nest found: Worm-eating Warbler. -- GREG Volume 31, Number 1
35
EDD Y, ED WARD ILGEN-FRITZ, JEAN ANDERSON,
that parallelsa smalldrain. Elevation:900 ft ascending
GEORGE KOCH (compiler), BrooksBird Club, 707 to 1060ft. Weather: Clear, dry, warm. Coverage:June59; between dawn and 0730 hours or 1900 and 2100
WanvoodAve.,Wheeling,W..Va.26003. 18. MATURE
NORTHERN
HARDWOODS.
--
hours. Total party-hours:12. Census:Acadian Flycatcher,5 (82, 33); Red-eyedVireo, 4 (66, 27); Wormeating Warbler, 2.5; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Blue-gray
Location: West Virginia; Brooke Co., Bethany, Gnatcatcher, 1.5; Ovenbird, 1.5; E. Wood Pewee, 1, 40ø12'45"N; 80ø35'55" to 80ø33'45"W; BethanyQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1971;4 intermit-
Wood Thrush, 1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; Louisiana
tent years. Size: 12.14 ha = 30 acres (square). Waterthrush,1; CeruleanWarbler, 0.5; Downy Wood-
pecker,+; Great CrestedFlycatcher,+; Yellow-throated Coverage: April 25; May 14,25; June3-4, 14;July16; 10 Vireo, +; Solitary Vireo, +; Kentucky Warbler, +, trips, between0530 and 2115hours.Total party-hours: Hooded Warbler, +. Total: 17 species;21 territorial Description of Plot: See AB 25: 972-973 (1971).
20 Census:AcadianFlycatcher,13 (107,43); Red-eyed Vireo, 12 (99, 40); Blue-grayGnatcatcher,7 (58, 23); CeruleanWarbler, 7; Cardinal,5 (41, 17); Tufted Titmouse,4 (33, 13); Rufous-sidedTowhee,3 (25, 10); E. Wood Pewee,2.5; KentuckyWarbler, 2.5; Red-bellied Woodpecker,2; DownyWoodpecker,2; Great Crested Flycatcher,2; CarolinaChickadee,2; CarolinaWren, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; House Wren, 1.5; Pileated Woodpecker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; E. Phoebe,1; WhitebreastedNuthatch,1; Am. Robin, 1; LouisianaWater-
males or females (346/km 2, 140/100 acres). Visitors:
Pileated Woodpecker,Red-bellied Woodpecker,Blue Jay, Tufted Titmouse, White-breasted Nuthatch, N Parula, Brown-headedCowbird, Cardinal. -- WILLIAM
H. SMITH, 2346Johnstown Road, Huntington,W Va 25701.
20. OAK-BEECH-TULIP-TREE FOREST. -- Location: West Virginia; KanawhaCo., 3.5 mi. S of South
centerline startsat 38ø19 '18•N, 81ø41'4TW thrush, 1; ScarletTanager,1; Indigo Bunting,0.5; Charleston; Ruffed Grouse,+; MourningDove, +; Yellow-billed and extendsS curvingto the E, CharlestonWest USGS.Continuity:Established 1972,5 Cuckoo,+; ChimneySwift,+; Corn.Flicker,+; BlueJay, Quadrangle, +, Corn.Crow, +; Corn.Yellowthroat,+; Corn.Grackle, +, Brown-headed Cowbird,+; Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: 35 species;77 territorial males(634/km2, 257/100 acres). Remarks:Red-eyedVireo has increasedfrom a low of 5
in 1974to 12 thisyear.Nestsfound:RuffedGrouse,1; E
Phoebe, 1; Cerulean Warbler, 1. --
A. R.
consecutive years. (Formerly calledOak-Hickory Forest)
Description of Plot:SeeAB 26; 946-947(1972),and28
995-996 (1974).Size:6.07ha = 15acres (rectangular 110 x 660 yds,measured longitudinally and estimated lat-
erally). Weather: Generally clearwithlightwinds, except at theendof theperiodwhensomeheavyshowers fell
May 11,20, 26-28,30-31;June7-8;mostly BUCKELEW, JR., BiologyDept., BethanyCollege, Coverage: Bethany, W. Va. 26032.
between0700 and 1100. Total man-hours: 18. Census:
Red-eyed Vireo,6 (99,40);TuftedTitmouse, 4 (66,27), Cerulean Warbler,4; Ovenbird, 4; WoodThrush,2 5, 19. OAK-BEECH-TULIP-TREE FOREST. -- Loca- Hooded Warbler,2.5;AcadianFlycatcher, 2; Blue-gray tion:WestVirginia;BraxtonCo.,E. Suttoncitylimits; Gnatcatcher, 2; Black-and-white Warbler,2; Rufous38ø39'5f'N,80ø42'04"W, SuttonQuadrangle, USGS. sidedTowhee, 2; CarolinaWren,1.5; Kentucky WarContinuity:New.Size:6.07ha = 15 acres(rectangular, bler,1.5;Cardinal, 1.5;Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1, 100 X 660 yds,measuredlongitudinally and estimated E. Wood Pewee,1; Carolina Chickadee,1; White-
laterally).Description of Plot: The dominantcanopy breasted Nuthatch,1; Yellow-throated Vireo,1; WormtreesareOak, White(Quercus alba),Black(Q. velutina), eating Warbler, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Yellow-billed
Red(Q.rubra),BeechOCagusgrandifolia) andTulip-tree Cuckoo,0.5; DownyWoodpecker, 0.5; White-eyed (Ltrtodendrontulipifera). Most prominent in the Vireo,0.5; Am. Redstart, 0.5; Broad-winged Hawk,+, understory are Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)and PileatedWoodpecker, +; Red-bellied Woodpecker, +, Dogwood (Comus florida).Thegroundcoverisprimarily GreatCrested Flycatcher, +; BlueJay,+; Corn.Crow,+, Virginia Creeper OVarthenocissus quinquefolia)and Brown-headed Cowbird, +; SummerTanager,+. Total: False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica).A quantitative32 species;44.5 territorialmales(733/km2, 297/100 surveyof thevegetation gavethefollowing results:Trees acres). Remarks: Thewinterseason wasverymildforthe 3-1nchesdiameter and over, based on six circular thirdyearin a row,andan excessively dryspringwas
samples, 229/acre;totalbasalarea95.5ft2/acre.Species markedby severaloccasions whenthe temperatures comprising 90%of thetotal numberof trees:White Oak, droppedovernight into the 20s,causingsevere"burn30, 12.9,13.6,50; BlackOak,25, 11,10.5,83;RedOak, ing" of a numberof trees,Tulip-treeand Sycamore, 16, 7, 16.8,67; Beech,23, 10, 22.8,67; Tulip-tree,18, 8, especially. Thiscaused the woodsto seemmoreopen 10, 10.7,83; Sourwood, 18, 80, 1.8,50; PignutHickory thanusualat thestartofthestudy. Continued drought (Caryaglabra),5, 2, 2.5, 50; deadtrees,18, 8, 1.8, 50; duringthestudycontributed to lightbird song.AddiSugar Maple (Acer saccharum),13, 5.7, 4.1, 67; tionally,theaccess roadto theproperty waslockedthis Basswood (Tilia americana),13, 5.7, 3.3, 33. Treesby yearin theearlydawn.Thisfive-year studyindicates that diametersizeclass:A (3-6 in.) 115, 49, 11.5, 12; B (6-9 thepopulation hasremained remarkably steady andthe in ) 66.7,29, 20.2,21.2; C (9-15in.) 41.7, 18, 33, 34.7;D onlychanges to benotedarein thediminishing of the (15-21in.) 5, 2, 9, 9.4; E (21-27in.) 1.6, 1, 5.2, 5.4; F (27- openedgebirdssuchasIndigoBunting andWhite-eyed
33 in ) 3, 1.4, 16, 16.8.Shrubstems/acre, 2633;ground Vireoastheopenings close. No nestswerefoundMy cover47%;canopy cover82.5%;average canopyheight thanksto GeorgeKochfor consultation on evaluation-93 ft (range79-107).Edge:Forestcontinueson all sides. CONSTANCER. KATHOLL BrooksBird Club, 930 Woodland,SouthCharleston,W..Va. 25303.
Topography: Hollow, the centerlinefollowsan old trail
36
American Birds,January, 1977
21. OAK-MAPLE
FOREST.
--
Location:
West
22. OAK-MAPLE-HICKORY
FOREST.
--
Loca-
Virginia;BraxtonCo.,3 mi. ENEof Sutton;38ø41 ' 11"N, tion: West Virginia; BraxtonCo., 3 mi. NNE of Sutton, 80ø39'37'W, Sutton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: 38ø42'23"N,80ø41'14•W,Sutton Quadrangle, USGS New Size:6.07 ha = 15.0 acres(rectangular,110 X 660 Continuity:New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular, yds,measuredlongitudinally and estimatedlaterally). 110 x 660 yds, measuredlongitudinallyand estimated DescriptionoSPlot: The dominantcanopytreesare oak laterally). Descriptionof Plot: A forested,nearly level, and maple. Most prominent in the understoryare tract of land near the foot of the mountain. Drainage FloweringDogwood(Cornus florida) andsaplings of the from the slopesabove providesa great amount of canopytrees.The groundcoveris primarilyseedlings of moistureduringthe earlySpringand Summer.There is thecanopytreesand PoisonIvy (Rhusradicans).A quan- no evidenceof recenttimbering.The dominantcanopy titativesurveyof thevegetation gavethefollowing: Trees treesare oak,mapleand hickory.Most prominentin the 3-inches diameter and over, based on six circular understory aresaplingsof the canopytrees,Tall Pawpaw samples, 141/acre;totalbasalarea167ft2/acre.Species (Asimina triloba) and Flowering Dogwood (Cornus comprising 93% of the total numberof trees:Red Oak florida). The ground cover is primarily May-apple (Quercusrubra),5, 4, 19, 34; White Oak (Q. alba), 10, 7, (Podophyllumpeltatum), Golden Ragwort (Senecto 19, 67; ChestnutOak (Q. prinus), 10, 7, 8, 17; Sugar aureus),BlackCohosh(Cimicifugaracemosa)and a wide Maple(Acersaccharum), 42, 29, 9, 100;RedMaple(A. varietyof ferns.A quantitativesurveyof vegetationgave rubrum),1.6, 1, 0.3, 17; BlackWalnut (luglansnigra),8, the followingresults:Trees3-inchesdiameterand over, 6, 9, 17; ShagbarkHickory(Caryaovata),5, 4, 5, 17; basedon sixcircularsamples,263/acre;total basalarea MockernutHickory(C. tomentosa), 10, 7, 2, 17; Pignut 115.8 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising90% of the total
Hickory(C. glabra),3, 2, 1, 34; White Ash(Fraxinus number of trees:ChestnutOak (Quercusprinus), 13, 5, americana), 12, 8, 8, 34; Tulip-tree (Liriodendron 9.5, 33; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 10, 38, 5.4, 50; Black Oak tuhpifera),2, 1, 7, 17; Beech(Fagusgrandifolia), 15, 11, (Q. velutina),7, 2.5, 43, 67; White Oak (Q. alba) 8.3, 3, 6, 6, 50 Treesbydiametersizeclass:A (3-6in.)40, 28, 4, 2; 50; ScarletOak (Q. coccinea),17, 6, 8, 17; SugarMaple B (6-9 in.) 32, 22, 9.5, 6; C (9-15 in.) 33, 23, 26.7, 16; D (Acer saccharum),35, 13, 7.1, 83; Red Maple (A (15-21in.) 20, 14, 36, 21; E (21-27in.) 5, 4, 15.5,9; F (27- rubrum), 28, 11, 7, 67; Mockernut Hickory (Carya 33 in.) 5, 4, 24.5, 15; G (33-40 in.) 5, 4, 35, 21; F (27-33 tomentosa),8, 33, 12, 67; Pignut Hickory (C. glabra), 5, in ) 5, 4, 24.5, 15;G (33-40in.) 5, 4, 35, 21; H (43 in.) 1.7, 2, 6.7, 50; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), 13, 5, 1, 67, 2, 15, 9. Shrub stems/acre6008; groundcover52.9%; Tulip-tree(Liriodendron tulipfera),50, 19,26.9,67; dead canopycover87.5%;average canopyheight88 ft (range trees,20, 7.6, 3.5, 50. Treesby diameterclass:A (3-6 in ) 58-120).Edge: Forestcontinuesin all directionsexceptat 102,386, 10.2,63; B (6-9in.) 70, 26.6,21, 13;C (9-15in ) the N end whichis brushy.Topography:Startsnearthe 65, 24.7, 52, 32; D (15-21in.) 10, 38, 18, 11; E (21-27in ) topof a ridge,elevation 1340ft, ascends to 1480ft, and 5, 2, 24.5, 22.4; F (27-33 in.) 5, 2, 24.5, 15. Shrub followsthe ridgedownto elevation1360ft. Weather: stems/acre,6542;groundcover40%; canopycover91%; Clear and dry. Coverage:June4-7; betweendawn and averagecanopy height 76 ft, (range 64-91). Edge: 0730 hoursor 1900 and 2100 hours.Total party-hours: Boundedon all sidesby similarhabitat. Topography:A 18 Census: Cerulean Warbler, 8 (132, 53); Acadian slightrisefrom 1220to 1280ft. Weather:Fair andwarm Flycatcher, 5 (82,33);HoodedWarbler,4 (66,27);Red- Coverage:June6-10; betweendawnand 0745 exceptone eyedVireo, 3.5 (58, 23); Am. Redstart,3 (49, 20); E. trip in late afternoon.Total man-hours:18.Census:AcaWood Pewee,2.5; Wood Thrush, 2.5; Blue-grayGnat- dian Flycatcher,10 (165,67); Red-eyedVireo, 5 (82, 33), catcher,2; KentuckyWarbler, 2; Indigo Bunting,2; Wood Thrush, 3 (49, 20); Ovenbird, 3; Downy Wood-
DownyWoodpecker,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; Tufted Titmouse,1; White-breastedNuthatch,1; Carolina Wren, 1; ScarletTanager,1; Cardinal, 1; Redbelhed Woodpecker,0.5; White-eyed Vireo, 0.5; Yellow-throatedVireo, 0.5; Pileated Woodpecker,+; CarolinaChickadee,+; SummerTanager, +; RufoussidedTowhee,+. Total: 24 species; 43 territorialmales or females(708/kin2, 287/100 acres).Visitors: Solitary
Vireo, Worm-eatingWarbler, Am. Goldfinch,Field Sparrow. Remarks:At thepresent timehorses grazethe area whichpartially accountsfor the lack of ground coverexceptfor saplings of thecanopytrees.Thereare twosmallclearings in whichthe brushbirdswerefound. The greatestconcentration of CeruleanWarblerswas alsofoundat theedgesof theseslashes. A WoodThrush
pecker,2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; KentuckyWarbler, 2; ScarletTanager,2; Corn.Flicker,1; PileatedWoodpecker,1; GreatCrestedFlycatcher,1;Tufted Titmouse, 1; Worm-eatingWarbler,1; CeruleanWarbler, 1; Am Redstart, 1; Cardinal, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, +
Total:17species; 37 territorialmales(610/kin2,247/100 acres). Visitors: Corn. Crow, Blue Jay, Carolina
Chickadee, Solitary Vireo, Brown-headedCowbird, SummerTanagerand Am. Goldfinch.Remarks:Nests located:2 AcadianFlycatcher;1 eachKentuckyWarbler andCardinal.Specialrecognition to GeorgeKochfor the
quantitativesurveyof the vegetation.-- NEVADA LAITSCH (compiler)BrooksBird Club,Inc., 707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W. Va. 26003.
nest was found. Families of White-breasted Nuthatches,
Tufted Titmice, and Great Crested Flycatcherswere observedout of the nest. Specialthanksto the many
23. RIVERSIDE-BIRCH-OAK-FOREST.
--
Loca-
tion:WestVirginia;BraxtonCo.,9 mi. dueE of Sutton,
W. Va; alongtheleft fork of HollyRiver;38ø40'31•N, quantitative habitatdescription, especially GlenPhillips 80ø32'13•W,NewvilleQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity: andGeorgeKoch.--ANNE EDDY, BrooksBird Club, New.Size:6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular,110x 660yds, 707 WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. measuredlongitudinallyand estimatedlaterally)
members of the Brooks Bird Club who assistedin the
Description of Plot: The dominant canopy trees are Birch: Black (Betula lenta) and Red (B. nigra), and
Volume31,Number1
37
Oaks White (Quercusalba) Red (Q. rubra) and Black (Q velutina). Most prominent in the understoryare FloweringDogwood(Cornusflorida) Am. Hornbeam (Carptnuscarolina),and small saplingsof the canopy trees The groundcoveris primarily Golden Ragwort (Senecioaureus).May-apple (Podophyllumpeltatum),
Gray Catbird,2; Veery,2; Starling,2; Red-eyedVireo, 2, Ovenbird, 2; Corn. Yellowthroat, 2; Canada Goose, 1, DownyWoodpecker,1; E. Kingbird, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher,1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Blue Jay, 1; BlackcappedChickadee,1; BrownCreeper,1; Am. Robin, 1, WoodThrush,1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Blue-winged and greenbriar(smilaxsp.).A quantitativesurveyof the Warbler, 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Red-winged vegetationgavethe followingresults:Trees3-inchesin Blackbird, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Corn. Grackle, 1; Scarlet diameterand over,basedon six circular0.1 acre samples Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee,1; Song shows202/acre; total basal area 145 ft2/acre. Species Sparrow, 1. Total: 31 species;45 territorial males
comprising 92%ofthetotalnumberoftrees(figuresafter (269/km2, 109/100 acres).Remarks:Breedingspecies eachgivethe numberof trees/acre,relativedensity(%), were up 4 over 1975 and 6 abovethe averageof the relativedominance(%).andfrequencyin that sequence): previous8 years.The additionswere not new birds since Birch (Red and Black),30, 15, 37, 80; Oaks (White, Red, theyhavebeenfairly regularnestersin the areain recent Black), 30, 15, 11, 50; Am. Hornbeam, 23, 12, 2, 33; years.The breedingand regularvisitorlist indicatesa Hickories(Shagbark- Carya ovata) and (Pignut- C. potentialbreedingpopulationof 40-45 speciesif all conglabra), 20, 10, 9, 66; FloweringDogwood,12, 6, 1, 17; ditionswerefortuitous.In 1975the BrownCreeperand Umbrella Magnolia (34agnoliatripetala), 15, 7, 5, 50; E. Bluebirdwerenewand unusualbreeders.The creeper Tall Pawpaw(Asiminatriloba),12, 6, 1, 17; SugarMaple returnedin 1976but the bluebirddid not evenappearas (Acersaccharum),12, 6, 8, 50; Tulip-tree(Liriodendron a visitor. -- T. DYE, L. GAITSKILL, A. GALLL J tuhptfera), 10, 5, 12, 50; deadtrees, 12, 6, 4, 50. Treesby
MOFFA T, K. SJOLANDER, J. WHITE, J. WORRALL
diameter size class (number of trees/acre, relative densi-
andJ. BROTHERTON (compiler),Fyke Nature Assocta-
ty, basalarea in ft2/acre,relativedominance);A (3-6 in.) 75, 37, 7.5, 5; B (6-9 in.) 48, 24, 14.5, 10; C (9-15 in.) 47, 23, 37, 26; D (15-21 in.) 20, 10, 36, 25; E (21-27 in.) 7, 3, 22, 14; F (27-33 in.) 3, 2, 16, 11; G (33-40 in.) 2, 1, 12, 8. Shrub stems/acre, 3825; ground cover 51%; canopy cover96%; averagecanopyheight91 ft (range50-111). Edge: Forestedon all sides.Some game management plots are located about 100 yds from each end. Topography: Centerline is a level forest serviceroad
tion, 249 E. CrescentAve., Mahwah, N.J. 07430.
25. HICKORY-OAK-ASH
FLOODPLAIN
FOREST.
-- Location:Maryland; Howard Co., Middle Patuxent River, due W of Hobbits Glen Golf Course,Columbia,
39ø15 '10rN,76ø54'45•W, Clarksville Quadrangle, USGS Continuity:Established1971; 5 intermittentyears.Size:
18.4ha = 45.5acres(L-shaped following the310-ftconextendingE at elevation960ft, with a hillsideon the N tour, surveyed).Description of Plot: See AB 963-964 and a riverbottomon the S. Weather:Foggyin the early (1971).Total contiguous woodland,1.1 mi2 excluding morning,clearinglater in the day. Coverage:June5-8; tracts connectedby corridors less than 600 ft wide between dawn and 0730 hours and 0830 and 1130 hours. Coverage:May 1-2, 31; June16, 28; July1-3, 9. Starting Total party-hours:12. Census:Acadian Flycatcher,7 times ranged from 15 min before sunriseto 8 min after (115, 47); Red-eyed Vireo, 7; Am. Redstart, 7; Wood Thrush, 3 (49, 20); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 3; Yellowthroated Vireo. 2; White-eyed Vireo, 1.5; Cerulean
sunrise.Total man-hours:26. Census:Gray Catbird, 38 (206, 84); Acadian Flycatcher, 16.5 (90, 36); Wood Thrush, 14.5 (79, 32); Red-eyedVireo, 12.5 (68, 27); CarWarbler, 1.5; ScarletTanager,1.5; E. Phoebe,1; E. dinal, 11 (60, 24); Am. Redstart,9.5 (52, 21); White-eyed Wood Pewee, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 1; Tufted Tit- Vireo, 7.5 (41, 16); Red-belliedWoodpecker,7 (38, 15), mouse,1; N. Parula, 1; LouisianaWaterthrush,1; Ken- Tufted Titmouse,6.5 (35, 14); DownyWoodpecker,5 5 tucky Warbler, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher,+; Worm- (30, 12); Carolina Chickadee, 5.5; Carolina Wren, 5 5, eating Warbler, +. Total: 18 species;40.5 territorial Corn.Yellowthroat,5 (27, 11); Blue-grayGnatcatcher,4 males or females (667/km 2, 270/100 acres). Visitors: (22, 9); Brown-headedCowbird, 4; E. Wood Pewee,3 5 BeltedKingfisher,PileatedWoodpecker,DownyWood- (19, 8); ScarletTanager, 2.5; Veery, 2; N. Parula, 2, pecker, White-breasted Nuthatch, Cardinal, Indigo Louisiana Waterthrush, 2; Rufous-sided Towhee, 2, Buntang,Rufous-sided Towhee.Remarks:Nestslocated: Yellow-throatedVireo, 1.5; Mourning Dove, 1; YellowAcadian Flycatcher,1; phoebe,1. A Black-and-white billedCuckoo,1; Ruby-throatedHummingbird,1; Corn Warbler wasseenfeedingyoung.Game food plotsmay Flicker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; E. Kingbird,1; Blue haveinfluencedthe presenceof visitorssuchas the Car- Jay, 1; CeruleanWarbler, 1; Song Sparrow,1; Belted dinal, Indigo Bunting and towhee. -- E. R. Kingfisher,0.5; Rough-wingedSwallow,0.5; Kentucky CHANDLER, Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood Ave., Warbler,0.5; HoodedWarbler,0.5; IndigoBunting,0 5, Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. Am. Goldfinch, 0.5; Green Heron, +; Mallard, +; RedshoulderedHawk, +; Barred Owl, +; Pileated Wood24. DECIDUOUS FOREST WITH POND AND pecker,+; Corn.Crow,+; N. Oriole,+. Total:44 species, BROOK. -- Location: New Jersey; Bergen Co., 180 territorial males (978/km 2, 396/100 acres).Remarks: Mahwah, CampgawMountain Reservation.Continuity: KentuckyWarbler continuedits crashfrom 9 pairs in Established1964; 13 consecutiveyears. Size: Approx- 1971, 4.5 pairs in 1974, and 1.5 pairs in 1975 to only imately16.7ha = 41.32acres(rectangular, 250 x 800yds, small fractions of 2 territories in 1976. Carolina Wren paced).Descriptionof plot: SeeAFN 19:623-624 (1965). continuedits increase,reachingan all-timehigh of 5 5 Coverage: May 25, 27; June 1, 3, 8, 10, 15, 17, 22; territories. Whether there is any direct relationship between0530 and 0645. Total party-hours:12. Census: between the increase in Carolina Wren and decrease in Tree Swallow, 3 (18, 7); Tufted Titmouse, 3; House Kentucky Warbler remains to be determined.The RedWren, 3; Corn. Flicker, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; eyedVireo populationdroppedvery slightlyfrom last 38
AmericanBirds,Janaury,1977
year while Gray Catbird continuedits increaseand Downy Woodpecker,4; Carolina Chickadee, 4; N reacheda new high of 38 territories.Veery dropped Parula, 4; Louisiana Waterthrush, 4; Hairy Woodsharplyfrom6 to 2 territories,possibly in response to an pecker, 3 (26, 11); Yellow-throatedVireo, 3; Pine increase in Wood Thrushes from 8 to 14.5 territories.
Warbler, 3; Corn. Yellowthroat, 3; HoodedWarbler, 3,
Thisplotis subject to severe flooding, whichtopples the Bobwhite,2; Blue Jay, 2; Corn. Grackle, 2; Mourning largetreesalongthe river, causesbank erosion,and Dove, 1; Yellow-billedCuckoo,1; Corn.Flicker, 1; Great deposition of hugequantitiesof silt. The mostrecent Crested Flycatcher,1; Corn. Crow, 1; Am. Robin, 1, flood occurredon Jan. 1, 1976.-- CHANDLER S. ROB-
BINS, 7902BrooklynBridgeRoad,Laurel,Md. 20810. 26. MATURE
DECIDUOUS
FLOODPLAIN
FOR-
EST. -- Location:Maryland; MontgomeryCo., Cabin John Island, Glen Echo; 2.5 mi. NW of the District of Columbia,betweenthe C. and O. Canal and the Potomac River,just S of Cabin JohnCreek; Falls ChurchQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1947; 24 intermlttent years. Size: 7.6 ha = 18.75 acres (oblong, surveyed).Descriptionof Plot: See AFN 1:212-213 (1947) Coverage:April 3-4, 11, 17; May 1, 15, 23; June6,
13, 20, 27; 13 trips;between0630and1035hours.Total man-hours:27.6.Census:Starling,12 (158,64);Carolina Wren, 7 (92, 37); AcadianFlycatcher,7; Red-eyedVireo, 7, Wood Duck, 4 (53, 21); Carolina Chickadee,4; Cardmal, 4; Downy Woodpecker,3 (40, 16), Red-bellied Woodpecker,2; E. Wood Pewee,2; Tufted Titmouse,2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; Am. Redstart,2; BarredOwl, 1, Pileareal Woodpecker,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; Corn Crow, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Brown
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,1; Am. Redstart, 1; BrownheadedCowbird, 1; SummerTanager, 1; Indigo Bunt-
ing, 1; Am. Goldfinch,1; FieldSparrow,1; BarredOwl, +; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, +; Pileated Woodpecker,+; E. Phoebe,+; Gray Catbird,+; Brown Thrasher, +; E. Bluebird, +; White-eyed Vireo, +, Prairie Warbler, +; Blue Grosbeak,+. Total: 48 species, 195 territorial males, (1721/km :, 696/100 acres) Remarks:
Territorial
males declined to 195 from last
year's213,whichiswellbelowthe16-yearaverage of 232 The Red-eyedVireo and Wood Thrush were againthe most abundantspecies,but both declinedfrom the pre-
viousyear. The Cardinal again declinedand was the lowestin 13 years.Other speciesshowinglosseswereN Parula, Brown-headed Cowbird and Rufous-sidedTow-
hee, Worm-eatingWarbler was absent.Acadian Flycatcher increasedand equalled the Cardinal. Other increases were Am. Woodcock, Tufted Titmouse and Corn. Yellowthroat. New to the census area was Blue
Grosbeak.Theseresultsprobablyreflectthe seriouslog-
gingthat tookplaceduringthe summerin the adjacent area,andwhichwasbegunin the plotwellbeforethe end
Creeper,1; Prothonotary Warbler, 1; Brown-headedof the census.--JOHN H. FALES, RidgeRoad,Neeld Md. 20639. Cowbird,1. Total: 21 species;66 territorial males or Estate,Huntingtown, females(870/km2, 352/100 acres).Remarks: The total of 66 territories is a dramatic decrease from 91.S in 1975.
Part of the decreaseis the generaltrend downwardof summer residents which started in 1952 but was accel-
eratedthis year by an unusualdecrease of N. Parulas from 6.5 pairslast year to zero.But the bulk of the decrease thisyearis in Starlingswhichare at onlyhalf of their 1975level.This maybe becausethe Islandhassufferedrecentlyfrom floodand high windswith a lossof many large treeswhichprovidednestingholes.Other holenestingspecies showing decreases areDownyWoodpeckerand Tufted Titmouse.--JOAN H. CRISWELL (compiler)and J. R. GAUTHEE AudubonNaturalist
28. UPLAND
TULIP-TREE-MAPLE-OAK
FOR-
EST. -- Location: Maryland; Howard Co., W edge of Middle PatuxentRiverValley,SW of HobbitsGlen Golf Course at Columbia; 39ø12'55", 76ø54'4if'W, Clarksville Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1971, 6 consecutive years.Size: 11.98 ha = 29.6 acres(basically rectangular,1125 ft N-S x 1200 ft E-W). Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 25:971 (1971), andAB 26:665 (1972). Plot
tuckyWarbler, 7 (62, 25); ScarletTanager,6 (53, 21);
is part of a 68-acreupland woods,connectedby forested floodplain (see census25) to more extensivetracts of upland woods; total contiguous woods, 1.1 Coverage:April 30; May 3; June1-2, 18, 25; July1, 6. All 8 trips in early morning, averagestarting time 6 before sunrise.Total man-hours:17. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 16 (134, 54); Wood Thrush, 12 (100, 41); Acadian Flycatcher,7.5 (63, 25); Gray Catbird, 7 (58, 24); Veery,6 (50, 20); Cardinal, 6; Kentucky Warbler, 4 (33, 14), ScarletTanager,4; HoodedWarbler, 3.5 (29, 12); Tufted Titmouse, 2.5; Carolina Wren, 2.5; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker,2; E. Wood Pewee,2, Rufous-sided Towbee, 2; Carolina Chickadee, 1 5, Brown-headedCowbird,1.5; Mourning Dove, 1; Rubythroated Hummingbird, 1; Blue Jay, 1; N. Parula, 1, Cerulean Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Corn Flicker, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker,0.5; White-breasted Nuthatch,0.5; Blue-grayGnatcatcher,0.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; Corn. Crow, +; Yellow-throatedVireo, +, Black-and-whiteWarbler, +; LouisianaWaterthrush, +, Am. Redstart,+. Total: 34 species;91 territorialmales
Rufous-sidedTowbee, 6; Am. Woodcock, S (44, 18); E.
(760/km 2, 307/100 acres).-- CHANDLER S. ROBBINS,
Soctety,8940JonesMill Road, Washington,D. C. 20015. 27. MIXED
HARDWOOD
FOREST.
--
Location:
Maryland; Calvert Co., NW of Plum Pt. and one mi. inland from ChesapeakeBay on TobaccoRd. between Routes263 and 261. Continuity: Established1960; 16 intermittentyears.Size: 11.3 ha = 28 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAFN 13:333 (1959). Weather: 21 of the 24
trips were on clear days. High temperaturesvaried between64ø and 94ø F. Both the creek and bog became
dry in late June.Coverage:April 11, 14, 17, 19, 25, 29; May3, 5, 7-9, 11-12,16-17,20, 23-24,29; June1, 4, 8, 11, 19, July 3, 5, 10, 16, 26• August 4, 14. Total: 24 trips averaging 90 min. each.Census:Red-eyedVireo,31 (274, 111),WoodThrush,17 (1S0,61);Ovenbird,15 (132,54); Carolina Wren, 14 (124, 50); Acadian Flycatcher, 13 (115, 46); Cardinal, 13; Tufted Titmouse,9 (79, 32); Ken-
Wood Pewee,5; Red-belliedWoodpecker,4 (35, 14); 7902BrooklynBridgeRoad,Laurel,Md. 20810.
Volume 31,Number1
39
29. MIXED
UPLAND
HABITAT.
--
Location:
March 13, 28; April 10; May 2, 16, 30;June6, 13,20, 27,
District of Columbia, the central third of Glover-
July5, 11, 18, 24, 31; between 0530and1220and 1330
ArchboldPark, a narrow,longstreamvalleypark in the
and 1620 hours. Total man-hours: 23. Census: Carohna
NW section. Continuity: Established 1960; 17 con-
Wren, 3 (37, 15); Acadian Flycatcher,2; Blue Jay, 1 5,
secutiveyears.Size: 14.2 ha = 35 acres(irregularly TuftedTitmouse,1.5; Red-eyedVireo, 1.5;WoodDuck, Hawk, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker,1, shaped,roughly1520x 1000ft in outsidedimensions). 1; Red-shouldered Descriptionof Plot: See AFN 14:502-503 (1960). DownyWoodpecker,1; CarolinaChickadee,1; WhiteCoverage: March29; April 3, 6, 8-11, 14, 16-18,21, 24, eyedVireo, 1; LouisianaWaterthrush,1; Am. Wood29-30;May 2-3, 6, 9, 13, 15, 17, 22, 24, 31; June2, 5-6, cock,0.5; Hairy Woodpecker,0.5; Corn.Yellowthroat, 10, 13, 17; July2-3, 5, 11, 17, 24; August1, 12;between 0.5; N. Parula,0.5; Corn.Grackle,0.5; Am. Goldfinch, Towbee,0.5; GreenHeron,+; Belted 0555 and 2045, 34 morningtrips, 3 overnoonhours,6 0.5; Rufous-sided +; Yellow-billed Cuckoo,+; BarredOwl,+, evening trips.Total:105.5hours.Weather:Clearonhalf Kingfisher, the trips,cloudyon half, with rain on 2 trips;calmor Great Crested Flycatcher, +; E. Phoebe, +; Whitewithlightwindon all but 8 trips,whenwindwasup to 15 breasted Nuthatch, +; Gray Catbird, +; Brown mph. Temperalures rangedfrom 40øto 90øF,averaged Thrasher,+; Blue-grayGnatcatcher,+; PineWarbler, 64ø Census:Cardinal,24 (169, 69); Veery,23 (162,66); +; Ovenbird,+; ScarletTanager,+; SummerTanager, Blackbird,+; IndigoBunting,+; ChipTufted Titmouse, 16 (113, 46); Carolina Wren, 14 (99, +; Red-winged 20 territorialand 40), Starling,13 (92, 37); Gray Catbird,12 (85, 34); ping Sparrow,+. Total: 36 species; Carolina Chickadee, 11 (78, 31); Rufous-sidedTowhee,
non-territorial
males (247/km 2, 100/100
acres)
11, BlueJay,9 (64,26); Corn.Crow,8.5 (60,24);Corn. Remarks: Only 5 nests were found: Red-shouldered
Fhcker, 6 (42, 17); DownyWoodpecker,6; Red-bellied Hawk; Carolina Wren; Hairy and Red-belliedWoodVireo.-- MARVIN L. WAS& VtrWoodpecker,5 (35, 14); White-breasted Nuthatch,5; pecker;White-eyed Point, Va Red-eyedVireo, 5; Wood Thrush, 3 (21, 9); Acadian ginia Instituteof Marine Science,Gloucester Flycatcher, 2; Am. Robin,2; Corn.Grackle,2; Mallard, 23062. 1, Wood Duck, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; PileatedWoodFOREST. -- Locapecker,1; Mockingbird,1; Ovenbird,1; Red-shouldered 31. UPLAND OAK-HICKORY Hawk, +; ScreechOwl, +; Am. Redstart, +. Total: 28 tion: Virginia; Fairfax Co., DranesvilleDistrict Park, species;183.S territorial males (1296/km 2, S24/100 McLean,alongRte 193 (Old Georgetown Pike),approxacres).Visitors:(birdsfound irregularlyin the area, but imately3/4 mi. W Exit 13, Capital Beltway(Interstate w•thintheir breedingperiodand knownto breedin the 495); 38øSTN, 77ø12'W, Falls Church Quadrangle, vmmity):GreenHeron,Turkey Vulture, Broad-winged USGS. Continuity: Established 1973; 4 consecuttve Hawk, Rock Dove, ChimneySwift, Hairy Woodpecker, years. Size: 11.0 ha = 27.2 acres (measuredon Great Crested Flycatcher, E. Wood Pewee, Brown topographic mapcompiled byphotogrammetric methods Creeper,Brown Thrasher, Corn. Yellowthroat,House fromaerialphotograph). Description of Plot:SeeAB 25 Sparrow,ScarletTanager.Remarks:Nestsfound:Red- 636 (1971). Weather: Generally clear; light ram bellled Woodpecker,2; Downy Woodpecker,2; Corn. encountered on onetrip. Temperatures rangedfrom 34ø Fhcker,1; White-breasted Nuthatch,1; Starling.4. With to 74øF.Coverage:April 10, 21, 24, 30; May 3-4, S, 7, 12, the mostextensivecoverageyet, we still find trendsmen- 18, 21, 23-24, 28-29; June 10, 13, 1S, 18, 23, 25, 28-29; rionedin recentyearscontinuing:fewerspecies,espe- July3-4, 11; between0520 and 1000or 1SS0and 2010 cially amongbirds that migratesouthin winter,with hours, EDT. Total party-hours:Sl.S. Census:Red-eyed numbersof territoriesmaintainednear averageby the Vireo, 14.5 (132, 53); Carolina Wren, 7 (64, 26), Redincreasednumberof year-roundresidents.The nearly belliedWoodpecker, 6 (SS,22); WoodThrush,S S (S0, lost AcadianFlycatchermadea slightrecovery,but not 20); Carolina Chickadee, 4 (36, 1S); White-breasted near the former averageof 9; Wood Thrusheswereup to Nuthatch,3.5 (32, 13); DownyWoodpecker,3 (27, 11), 3, from 1.S last year and + the year before,but we Great Crested Flycatcher, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 3, formerlyhad10to 12.Veeriesweredownfromlastyear's Brown-headed Cowbird, 3; Acadian Flycatcher, 25, 28, but well within their level in the last 10 years.Most ScarletTanager, 2.5; Hairy Woodpecker,2; E. Wood regulars wereat leastpresentasvisitors, but welacked Pewee,2; Corn.Grackle,2; Cardinal,2; MourningDove, Brown-headed Cowbirdsexceptduring the migration 1.S;BlueJay,1.S;BrownCreeper,1.S;SummerTanager, period,had no Bobwhite,and only the Ovenbird,up 1; LouisianaWaterthrush,0.S. Total: 21 species,71 S
shghtly, in placeofthe6 species and32breeding pairsof warblers in 1961. The Green Heron, a visitor, was the
territorial males or females (6S0/km:, 263/100 acres) Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Great
onlyadditionto our cumulativelist of 85 species. This HornedOwl, BarredOwl, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, wasthefifth yearfornestingWoodDucks,thesecond for Corn. Flicker, PilearealWoodpecker,Corn. Crow, Ftsh Mallards.- SHIRLEY A. BRIGGS (compiler),OLIVE Crow,Gray Catbird,Am. Robin,E. Bluebird,Blue-gray HOLBROOK, DAVID MEHLMAN, CHARLES N. Gnatcatcher,Starling,Worm-eatingWarbler,Ovenbird, STEELE, and DONALD WEBER, 7605 Honeywell KentuckyWarbler, HoodedWarbler, Am. Redstart,N Lane, Bethesda,Md. 20014. Oriole, Indigo Bunting,Am. Goldfinch,Rufous-slded Towhee.
Remarks:
3
nests
found:
Red-belhed
Woodpecker1, Great CrestedFlycatcher1, Tufted TttLocation:Virginia;Gloucester Co., bordersGloucester mouse 1. The count of 14.5 Red-eyedVireos seems C H. SanitaryDistricton the E, Route 14 for 130 ff at remarkablyhigh; previouscountswere6 in 1973 and lower end; 37ø24'N,76ø31'W,GloucesterQuadrangle, 1975and 9.5 in 1974.This speciesmayhaveincreased, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres. but the high countmay alsohaveresultedfrom a much Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 30:1053(1976).Coverage: highernumber (26) of field trips this year than tn any 30. COASTAL
40
DISTURBED
FLOODPLAIN.
--
AmericanBirds,January,1977
previousyear, whichprovideddata for a more careful 0.4, 0.2, 10; Scrub Pine (P. virginiana), 1, 0.4, 0.5, 10, delineationof territories.If this latter explanationis cor- Winged Elm (U. alata), 1, 0.4, 0.2, 10; Tulip-tree (Ltrtorect, then previouscountsfor this speciesmay well have dendrontuliptfera), 1, 0.4, 0.2, 10; Florida Maple (A been too low. -- JOAN H. CRISWELL, JESSICA M. GIUSTI, BILL PER-LEE, ROBERTJ. WATSON (com-
saccharumfloridanum), 1, 0.4, 0.1, 10. Treesby diameter size class [figures after each class give number of
plier),2636MarceyRd., Arlington,Va.22207.
trees/acre,relative density(%), basal area in square
feet/acre, relative dominance(%)]:A (3-6 in.) 110, 42, 10, 7; B (6-9 in.) 69, 26, 19, 12; C (945 in.) 48, 18, 35, 23, D Location:Virginia, Fairfax Co., U.S. GeologicalSurvey (15-21in.) 7, 6, 26, 17; E (21-27 in.) 14, 5, 41, 27; F (27-33 National Center, Reston; 38ø56'45"N, 77ø2f50"W, in.) 3, 1, 15, 10; G (33-40 in.) 1, 0.4, 7, 5. Shrub 32. UPLAND
TULIP-TREE-OAK
FOREST.
--
Vienna Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established stems/acre,38,700; ground cover, 29%; canopycover, 74% averagecanopyheight, 70 ft (range50-90 ft). Edge: Similar forestextendsat least 50 m on one side, 25 m on anotherside; the remaining two sidescontinueinto a and precipitationwas lessthan normal, particularlyin large tract of similar forest.Topography:Gently slopes April and July.Coverage:March 1, 8; April 9, 19, 21, 30; upwardfrom the floodplainof MorganCreek.Elevation: May 5, 9, 21, 23, 27-28, 31; June1, 4, 10, 12, 22; July5, 260-290ft. Coverage:April 21; May 2, 8, 16, 19, 26; June 12 Total man-hours: 43.9. Census: Wood Thrush, 6 (29, 3, 9, 18; betweendawn and 1100 hours. Total party12), E Wood Pewee,5 (24, 10); Carolina Wren, 5; Great hours:28. Census:CarolinaWren, 11 (88, 35); Red-eyed Crested Flycatcher,4 (19, 8); Blue Jay, 4; Carolina Vireo, 11; Wood Thrush, 6 (48, 19); Ovenbird, 6; CarChickadee,4; Tufted Titmouse,4; Cardinal, 4; Red-eyed dinal, 6; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 4 (32, 13); Acadian Vireo, 3 (15, 6); Worm-eating Warbler, 3; Scarlet Flycatcher,4; Carolina Chickadee,4; Blue-grayGnatTanager, 3; Red-belliedWoodpecker,2; DownyWood- catcher, 4; Yellow4hroated Vireo, 4; Tufted Titmouse, pecker,2; White-breastedNuthatch,2; Am. Robin, 2; 3.5 (28, 11); ScarletTanager, 3.5; Hooded Warbler, 3 Rufous-sidedTowhee,2; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Com. (24, 10); SummerTanager, 3; Kentucky Warbler, 2 5 Flicker, 1; Acadian Flycatcher, 1; Lousiana Water- (20, 8); Red-bellied Woodpecker,2; Great Crested Flythrush, 1; Kentucky Warbler, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; catcher, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Pine Warbler, Brown-headedCowbird, 1. Total: 23 species;62 ter- 2; ScreechOwl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy Woodritorial males (301/km 2, 122/100 acres).Remarks: Nests pecker, 1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Broad-wingedHawk, +, found Com. Flicker, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 2; Wood Com. Flicker, +; Pileated Woodpecker,+; YellowThrush, 9; Am. Robin, 2; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; throatedWarbler, +; BlueJay,+. Total: 28 species;88 5 Cardinal, 3; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1. Ovenbirds territorial males or females (705/km z, 285/100 acres) decreased from an averageof 3.5 pairsfor the last two Visitors: Mourning Dove, Barred Owl, Ruby-throated yearsto none.--JOAN C. WOODWARD andPAUL W. Hummingbird, Com. Crow, Gray Catbird, Brownheaded Cowbird, Rufous-sidedTowbee. Remarks. Seven WOODWARD, 2433SouthgateSq., Reston,Va. 22091. nests were found: Broad-winged Hawk, Red-belhed 33. MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST. -- Location: Woodpecker (2), Wood Thrush, Red-eyedVireo, OvenNorth Carolina,OrangeCo., partly within the research bird and Summer Tanager. --M. BIBEN, A. CAP1974, 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 20.6 ha = 50.9 acres. Description of Plot: See AB 28: 701-2, 1003-4 (1974). Weather: March throughJuly was coolerthan normal;
area of the North Carolina Botanic Garden, 2.5 mi. SE of
the centerof ChapelHill; 35ø53'N,79ø01'W,ChapelHill Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 12.55ha = 31 acres(square,surveyed and griddeal). Description of Plot: The dominantcanopytreesare PostOak (Quercus
PARELLA, C. CHRISTENSEN, S. HALL K. RABENOLD, D. RICHARDS, D. SCHROEDER, P SPIEGEL, J. ROBINSON, J. RUSSELL, H. WILEY
(compiler),Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of North Carohna, ChapelHill, N. C. 27514.
stellata), White Oak (Q. alba), and hickories.The most FOREST. -- Location: prominentshrubis ShortstalkArrowwood (Viburnum 34. MIXED DECIDUOUS rafinesquianum). Quantitativeanalysisof nine0.1-acre North Carolina;OrangeCo., 4.5 mi. N of ChapelHill on circular samplesgave the followingresults:Trees, 3 N.C. Highway 86; Duke Natural Area; 35ø59'N,
inchesdiameter and over, 269/acre; total basalarea, 152
79ø04'W, Chapel Hill Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established1973;4 consecutive years.Size: 8.8 ha = 21 8 acres.Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 27:1018-1019 (1973) trees/acre,relativedensity(%), relativedominance(e/0), Weather: Warm winter and early springprecededcenfrequency (%),in that sequence): E. RedCedar(Iunip- sus;slightlydrier than normal.Coverage:April 21, 27, erusvirginia),47, 18, 7, 80; PignutHickory(Caryaovalis 30; May 4, 15, 20, 27; June2, 7, 30; July9, 14; between orglabra), 31, 12, 7, 90; PostOak, 31, 12, 27, 90; Short- 0630 and 0900 hours. Total man-hours: 18. Census: Redleaf P•ne(Pinusechinata),24, 9, 8, 80; deadtree, 22, 8, 4, eyed Vireo, 13 (147, 60); Carolina Wren, 6.5 (74, 30), 90, White Oak (Q. alba), 21, 8, 23, 80; SweetGum (Liq- Wood Thrush, 6.5; Acadian Flycatcher,6 (68, 28); Ovenutdambars•yraciflua), 20, 8, 2, 90; MockernutHickory bird, 5 (57, 23); Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3 (34, 14), (C tomentosa),9, 3, 7, 30; Black Oak •Q. velutlna), 9, 3, Carolina Chickadee, 3; Louisiana Waterthrush, 3, 5, 60, Am. Elm (Ulmusamericana), 8, 3, 0.6, 20; Flower- Tufted Titmouse, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Cardinal, 2, lng Dogwood(Cornus florida), 8, 3, 0.5, 40; BlackGum DownyWoodpecker,1; HairyWoodpecker,1; N. Parula, (Nyssasylvatica),7, 2, 0.5, 40; S. ShagbarkHickory(C. 1; HoodedWarbler, 1; MourningDove,+; Yellow-billed carohnae-septentrionalis), 6, 2, 4, 30; Red Maple (Acer Cuckoo,+; BlueJay,+; Com. Crow, +; Yellow-throated rubrum),6, 2, 0.3, 40; White Ash(Fraxinusamericana), Warbler, +; Pine Warbler, +; Brown-headedCowbird, 6, 2, 0.3, 40; Red Oak (Q. rubru),4, 2, 0.9, 30; Spanish +. Total: 22 species;56 territorial males (635/km2,
ft2/acre.Species comprising 100%of thetotalnumberof trees (figures after each species give number of
Oak (Q.falcata),2, 0.8, 1, 20; LoblollyPine(P. taeda),1, Volume 31, Number 1
257/100
acres). Visitors: Bobwhite, Yellow-breasted
41
Chat, Com. Grackle, Indigo Bunting, Am. Goldfinch,
37. MIXED
HARDWOOD
FOREST.
--
Location:
Ontario; Lambton Co., 9 mi. E of Sarnia; 1 mi S of Flycatcher2, Wood Thrush 1, Ovenbird 1. The total Mandamin; 42ø55'N, 82ø15'W. Continuity: New. Size: number of territorial maleshas decreasedfrom previous 10.12ha = 25 acres.Descriptionof Plot: E-W, 920 ft, Nyears,particularlyin the lesscommonspecies. Acadian W, 1100ft. Naturetrail windsthroughthe E part of the Flycatcherdroppedfrom 8 the past two years to 6. lot. Trees 3 inches in diameter and over on the basis of Yellow-billedCuckoo,breedingon the site for the first four 6.6 x 330 ft transects,84S/acre, total basal area 253 time last year (2.5 males), reverted to its former ft:/acre. Speciescomprising86% of total number of peripheral status. -- MARK HUFF, LANCE PEA- trees:Figuresafter name of tree representnumber of COCK, JOHN HORN (compiler),Dept. of Botany,Duke trees per acre, and relativedensity(%): Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), 290, 34.3; Am. Basswood(Ttha Untv., Durham, N.C. 27706. americana), 150, 17.7; Am. Beech(Fagusgrandtfoha), 145, 17; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), 110, 13, Bit35. UPLAND MIXED FOREST. -- Location: North ternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis),85, 10; Hop HornCarolina; Wilkes Co., 0.25 mile from North Wilkesboro, beam (Ostryavirginiana),65, 7.6; canopycover85%, just W of Finley Park. Continuity:Established1954; 23 canopyheight70 ft (60-100).Edge:FarmlandN, S and consecutive years. Size: 14 ha = 37 acres(formerly40 W, withgravelroadalongE sideandanotherwoodlotof acresbut reducedby building and road construction). similar size on the NW corner,goingN. Topography: Descriptionof Plot: SeeAFN 8:367 (1954).Coverage: Essentially flat. Elevation: 650 ft. Weather: April 20; May 12; June4, 6, 16, 27, 29; between0930 and Temperaturesbetween50-65øF.Sanny;rain on 3 trips 1700 hours. Total: 14 man-hours.Census:Wood Thrush, Coverage:May 15, 21, 30; June2, 5, 8, 16-17, 20, 24, 7 (47, 19); Cardinal, 7; Carolina Wren, 6 (40, 16); between 0500 and 0830 hours. Total man-hours: 18 CenRufous-sidedTowhee,S (33, 14); MourningDove,3 (20, sus:BlueJay,3 (30, 12);SongSparrow,3; Com.Flicker, 8), Com. Flicker, 3; Blue Jay3; Red-eyedVireo, 3; Corn. 2; Red-headedWoodpecker,2; Am. Robin, 2; Wood Grackle, 3; Red-bellied Woodpecker,2; Acadian Fly- Thrush,2; Ovenbird,2; Com. Grackle,2; Brown-headed catcher,2; Tufted Titmouse,2; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1; Cowbird, 2; Rose-breastedGrosbeak,2; Rufous-slded ScreechOwl, 1; Barred Owl, 1; Com. Crow, 1; Gray Cat- Towhee,2; Cardinal, 1.5; Red-tailedHawk, 1; Killdeer, bird, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Yellow- 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker,1, throated Vireo, 1; Kentucky Warbler, 1; Scarlet DownyWoodpecker,1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Tree SwalTanager, 1. Total: 22 species;S6 territorial males low, 1; Com. Crow, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Starling, 1, Rufous-sided Towhee. Remarks: Nests located: Acadian
(373/km 2, 151/100 acres). Remarks: Decline from 1975
Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 1, N
of 12 territorial males. No changeexceptfor growth of forest and lessground cover.-- WENDELL P. SMITH,
Oriole,1; IndigoBunting,I; Am. Woodcock, 0.5; Tralll's
North Wilkesboro, N. C. 28659.
Flycatcher,0.5; House Wren, 0.5; Gray Catbird, 0 5, Great Blue Heron, +; Turkey Vulture, +; Bobwhite,+, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; Great Crested Fly-
catcher,+; BrownCreeper,+; HermitThrush,+; Swainson'sThrush,+; YellowWarbler, +; CapeMay Warbler, Location: Georgia; Rabun Co., headwatersof Cutting- +; Black-throated Green Warbler, +; Red-winged bone Creek in the ChattahoocheeNational Forest, 4 mi. Blackbird, +; ScarletTanager, +; Am. Goldfinch,+ SSE of Clayton.Continuity:Established1969;8 consec- Total: 44 species;41.5 territorial males (410/km2, 36. MOUNTAIN
RAVINE
MIXED
FOREST.
--
utiveyears.Size:S.9 ha = 14.7acres(rectangular,400 x 1600 ft, measured).Descriptionof Plot: SeeAFN 23: 710-711(1969).Therehavebeenno perceptible changes in the forestcoverin the last year. Coverage:March 7, 28, April 2,4, 9, 11, 1S,18,22, 26, 29; May2, S,9, 12, 1S, 19, 22, 27, 30; June1, 6, 10, 13, 1S,20, 23, 27, 30; July4. Severaltrips were made beforedaylight,one in afternoon, the remainderbetweendaylight and 0900. Total
166/100 acres). Remarks: Nests located: Red-tafied
Hawk, 1; flicker, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker,1, Redheaded Woodpecker, l; Downy Woodpecker,1, Tree Swallow,1; Com. Crow, 1; BrownThrasher,1; Starling, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; towhee, 1. Young seen
flicker,3; Red-headed Woodpecker, 3; Red-tailedHawk, 2; Blue Jay, 2; N. Oriole, 1; Cardinal, 1. Song Sparrow
and Cardinal seen feeding young cowbirds.Special
with the man-hours: 65. Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 7 (118, 48); thanks to Gerry Clementsfor his assistance HoodedWarbler, 6 (101, 41); Acadian Flycatcher,5 (84, botany. -- TONY ROACH, 288 Essex St., Sarma, 34), Cardinal, S; Carolina Chickadee,3(50, 20); Tufted Ontario, Canada. Titmouse,3; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 3; Worm-eating 38. WOODED CITY RAVINE. -Location: Warbler, 3; Black-throated Green Warbler, 3; Pileated Woodpecker,2; Blue Jay, 2; CarolinaWren, 2; Wood Ontario; York Co., Toronto, Moore Park Ravine, Thrush, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Hairy Woodpecker,1; between Moore Ave. and Chorley Park; 43ø41'N, Downy Woodpecker,1; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,1; 79ø22'30"W.Continuity: Established1966; 7 intermitSwainson'sWarbler, 1; Pine Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 1; tent years.Size:20 ha = 49.4 acres.Descriptionof Plot: Solitary Vireo, 0.S; Broad-wingedHawk, +; Screech SeeAB 25:993(1971).Coverage:May 22, 29; June1, 4-5, 9, 14, 17; July3, 10; between0600 and 0930 hours Total Owl, +; Great Crested Flycatcher, +; Corn. Crow, +; LouisianaWaterthrush, +. Total: 26 species;54.5 ter- man-hours: 16. Weather: May and June trips mostly ritorial males (924/km:, 371/100 acres.) Remarks: sunny,below70øF.Julytripswarm,humid,cloudyCenWhite-breastedNuthatch,usuallypresent,wasmissing sus: Am. Robin, 6 (30, 12); Indigo Bunting, 6; Wood this year. I am grateful to Louis Schweizerfor his Thrush,S (25, 10); Starling,4 (20, 8); Cardinal,4; Great CrestedFlycatcher,3 (1S,6); BlueJay,3; Corn.Grackle, assistanceon a number of trips. --E. O. MELLINGER, 3; MourningDove,2; E. WoodPewee,2; Black-capped Ttger,Ga. 30576. 42
AmericanBirds, January,1977
Chickadee,2; SongSparrow,2; Com. Flicker, 1; Downy Woodpecker,1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; House Sparrow,1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1. Total: 19 species; 49 territorial males (245/km 2, 99/100 acres). Remarks: In 7 intermittent
to + thisyearandappears to be usingthe areamorefor feedingthan breeding.The Pine Siskinwasheard and seenon 2 tripsin April and assumed a nestingspecies, althoughno furtherevidence of nestingwasnoted Pine Siskinswereobserved on otherthan censustrips until
years,26 specieshave bred in the plot. The average annualnumberof specieshasbeen 18.6with a low of 17 (1971 and 1973) and a high of 20 (1972 and 1974); 13 species(69.8%)havebred all 7 years;16 species(86%) havebred $ years;6 speciesbred oneyear only.Of those 4 speciesbreedingmorethan onceand lessthan 5 years,
May 24. We wish to extend our thanks to Southfield
Gray Catbird decreasedfrom 4 to zero over 4 years; Black-capped Chickadee has establisheditself since 1972; Red-eyedVireo has registeredas a breederfor the last 3 years.Thesefiguresindicatea stableenvironment. The long-termtrend is to greaterdensityof growthand gradual filling-in of areas once open. -- DONALD
PACE and ERIC NASMITH (compiler),37 Pears Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5R 159. 39. MATURE
MIXED
HARDWOOD
FOREST.
--
Civic Centerfor their continuedsupport.--BETTY CHALLIS, OaklandAudubonSociety,2335PonttacLk Rd., Pontiac, Mich. 48054.
40. OAK-HICKORY-MAPLE
FOREST.
--
Loca-
tion: Illinois; McLean Co., Moraine View State Park, 3
mi. S of Ellsworth; T22N, R4E, SE %, Sec 34, ArrowsmithQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New Size: 13 ha = 32 acres(forestinterior, encircledby a hiking trail with small stream along one side). Descriptionof Plot: Undisturbedsecondgrowthwoodlandbordering small stream and extendingupslope.Compositionof uppercanopy(20-30m and 70%closed)baseduponsample of 84 treesrecordedat 10 m intervalson peripheryof plot; Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)37%, Red Oak
Location: Michigan; Oakland Co., Southfield Civic Center Nature Area; 42ø30'N,83ø15'W, Royal Oak (Quercusrubra) 25%, White Oak (Q. alba) 17%, Am Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1974; 3 Basswood(Tills americana), White Ash (Fraxinus amerand Black Cherry consecutive years.Size: 9.3 ha = 23 acres.Deseriptionof icana),Green Ash (F. pennsylvanica) (Prunusserotina)S%, and ShagbarkHickory,Bitternut Plot: See AB 28:1005-1006 (1974). Weather: Temperaturesrangedfrom 26øto 80øF;max. wind 1S mph. Hickory,and Red Elm < 1% each.Averagedbh 9 inches primarilyof Heavy cloud coveron 6 trips and light snowon one, (rangeS-22).The middlestoryis composed otherwiseclear and calm. April wasgenerallyclearwith Hop Hornbeam (Ostryavirginiana), with the herbaceous above average temperatures;May was wet with below layerin mid-Junebeingmostlyof Wood Nettle (Laportea averagetemperatures.Coverage:April 1-2, 8, 13, iS, 27; canadensis),Appendaged Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum May 4, 18, 20, 25; June2, 7-8; between0530 and 0745 or appendiculatum), Virginia Creeper (Parthenoctssus quinquefolia),SweetCicely(Osmorhizaclaytoni),False 2000 and 211S hours, EDT. Total man-hours: 25. Census: Starling, 14 (1S0, 61); Corn. Flicker, 9.S (102, 41); Solomon's-seal (Smilacina racemosa), Greek Valerian The Cardinal, 6.S (70, 28); Downy Woodpecker,S (54, 22); (Polemoniumreptans)and SugarMaple seedlings. Am Robin,4.S(48, 20);SongSparrow,4 (43, 17);Ring- nettleand waterleafpredominatesalongthe streamwith neckedPheasant,3 (32, 13); Red-headedWoodpecker, White Oak mostabundanton the upper part. The m•don mostof the areabut nearly 3, Blue Jay, 3; Corn. Crow, 3; Red-eyedVireo, 3; Red- dle layeris welldeveloped winged Blackbird, 3; Mallard, 2; Great Crested Fly- absentin one area, and the herbaceouslayeris rich with catcher, 2; House Wren, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; Wood a thick leaf and humus cover. Topography: Ground Thrush, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Canaa slopesupwardgraduallyfrom stream.Edge:Surrounded Goose, 1; Am. Kestrel, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; E. by and part of a 3S ha tract of nearlyundisturbedsecond Kingbird, 1; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; growthforest, exceptfor a hiking trail. Coverage:May White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Veery, 1; Corn. Yellow- 23, 27; June 15, 18, 22, 27. Total man-hours: 12. Census: throat, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; N. Great CrestedFlycatcher,3 (23, 9); HouseWren, 3, Am Oriole, +; Corn. Grackle, +; Pine Siskin, +. Total: 33 species;88 territorial males (945/km:, 383/100 acres).
Remarks: Nests found: Starling, 6; Corn. Crow, 3; Canada Goose, 1; Am. Kestrel, 1; White-breasted Nut-
hatch, 1. Speciesshowingincreases:Starling, 13 to 14; Corn. Crow, 2.5 to 3; Red-headedWoodpecker,2 to 3; Blue Jay, 1 to 3; Red-eyedVireo, I to 3; Wood Thrush, 1 5 to 2. Speciesshowingsubs_tantial decreases: Cardinal 10.5 to 6.5; DownyWoodpecker,7 to 5; Am. Robin, 6 to 4 5, Great CrestedFlycatcher,5 to 2; IndigoBunting,5 to 1; Com. Grackle, 2 to +. New speciesthis year: White-breasted Nuthatch, Veery, Ovenbird, Corn. Yellowthroat,N. Oriole, Scarlet Tanager, Pine Siskin. Speciesabsentthis year: Bobwhite,SpottedSandpiper, Black-capped Chickadee, Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Althoughthe Corn.Flicker numbersweredown slightly from last year (10.5 to 9.5) this speciescontinuedits increaseoverthe 1975 census.Most other speciesthat decreasedfrom last year are on par with 1975 figures; however,the Corn. Grackle has decreasedfrom 3 in 1974 Volume 31, Number 1
Woodcock, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; E. Wood Pewee,
2; Blue Jay, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Red-headed Woodpecker,1; Acadian Flycatcher, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; CarolinaWren, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Ovenbird, 1; KentuckyWarbler, 1, Scarlet Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Whip-poor-will, +, Corn. Flicker, +; Corn. Grackle, +; Brown-headed
Cowbird, +. Total: 26 species;40 territorial males (309/100 km :, 125/100 acres). -DALE BIRKENHOLZ, IlL State Univ., Normal Ill. 61761 41. OAK-MAPLE
FOREST
AND
EDGE.
--
E
Loca-
tion: Illinois;ChampaignCo., TreleaseWoods,6 ml NE of Champaign.Continuity:Established1927; 44 intermittent years. Size: 22.26 ha = 55 acres(rectangular, surveyed)plus 2.0 km = 1.25 miles of forest-edge Description of Plot: See AFN 2:232-233 (1948) Coverage:April 15, 28; May 8, 25; June3, 15, 23; July2, 43
15, between0700 and 1130hours.Total man-hours:43. The densityof the forest-interiorspecieshas been calculatedas the numberof territorial malesper square kilometer and 100 acres;the densityof the forest-edge
species asthenumberperkilometer andmile.Census: Forest-InteriorSpecies:E. Wood Pewee,7 (31, 13); House Wren, 7; Wood Thrush, 6 (27, 11); Red-eyed
Vireo, 6; Red-belliedWoodpecker,5 (22, 9); Great CrestedFlycatcher,5; Yellow-billedCuckoo,4 (18, 7); DownyWoodpecker, 3 (13, 5); Hairy Woodpecker, 2; CarolinaWren, 2; Black-billedCuckoo,1; Great Horned Owl, +; White-breastedNuthatch, +. Forest-edge
and from woodedlakeshoreon E. Topography:Steep, rocky drainagebasin of an intermittent stream. Elevation: 510-590ft. Weather: Belownormal precipitation duringthe period.Coverage:May 18, 20, 28; June7, 910; 5 trips between0500 and 0700, 2 in evening.Total man-hours,12. Census:KentuckyWarbler, 6 (98, 39), WoodThrush,5 (81, 33); AcadianFlycatcher,4 (65, 26), Carolina Wren, 3 (49, 20); Blue-grayGnatcatcher,3, Brown-headedCowbird, 3 (females); N. Parula, 2 5, DownyWoodpecker,2; SummerTanager,2.5; E. Wood Pewee,2; Carolina Chickadee,2; Tufted Titmouse, 2, Red-eyedVireo, 2; Yellow-billedCuckoo,1; Whip-poor-
Spectes: Starling,70(35,56);IndigoBunting,16(8, 13); will, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker,1; Great Crested BlueJay,13(6, 10);Am. Robin,10(5, 8); Cardinal,7 (4, Flycatcher, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Louisiana 6), MourningDove,6 (3, 5); Com.Flicker,6; Red-headed Waterthrush, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Black-and-white Woodpecker, 3 (2, 2); GrayCatbird,3; Com.Yellow- Warbler,0.5; Bobwhite,+; PileatedWoodpecker,+, throat,3; Field Sparrow,3; BrownThrasher,2 (1, 2); Blue Jay,+; Corn.Crow, +. Total: 25 species;46.5 terRufous-sidedTowhee,2; N. Oriole, 1; Rose-breasted ritorial males (756/km2, 306/100 acres).--MICHAEL Grosbeak,1; SongSparrow,1; Ring-necked Pheasant, MORRISON and BRUCE PETERJOHN, Southern Ill +, ScreechOwl, +; Com. Crow, +; Com. Grackle, +; Bird Observatory,P.O. Box 2471, Carbondale,Ill. 62901 Brown-headedCowbird,+; Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: 13
speciesin forest-interior;48+ territorial males
43. BLACK
OAK-SASSAFRAS
WOODS.
--
Loca-
(216+/km2, 87+/100 acres);22 speciesin forest-edge; tion: Indiana; Porter Co., 1 mi. E intersectionof Rtes 49 and 12, within Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Area
147+ territorial males (74+/km 2, 118+/mile). Remarks: The number of male Wood Thrushes (6) recorded this
crossedby tarred countryroad and lightly-usedbridle
year is the largestever.-- S. CHARLESKENDEIGH
path. 41ø39'N, 87ø02'W, Dune Acres Quadrangle,
and JOHN M. EDGINGTON,
Vivarium Building, Univ.
USGS. Continuity: Established 1974; 3 consecutive
years.Size:22.22ha = 54.9 acres(weighedmappieces)
ofIll, Champaign,Ill. 61820.
Description of Plot: Burned over (1971) wooded dune
and sandprairie areamakingstrongrecoveryafter fire Someareasimpenetrablenow. Park has removedsome Ilhnols;Jackson Co., 3 mi. ESE of Makandaat SW tip of large dead trees. SeeAB 28:6, 1007 (1974). Weather: April 4 to Little GrassyLake; 37ø36'N,89ø09'30"W,Lick Creek Goodexceptfor earlyMay frosts.Coverage: Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 6.15 ha = July 26; 23 trips, majority before 0900 hours. Total 15 2 acres(irregular,paced).Descriptionof Plot: An hours: 51. Census:Com. Yellowthroat, 9 (40, 16), uplandforesttimbered10 to 15 yearsago.The N facing Rufous-sidedTowhee,9; Field Sparrow,9; Gray Cat42. UPLAND
DECIDUOUS
FOREST.
-- Location:
slopeof an intermittent streamis dominated by Silver bird, 8 (36, 15); Brown Thrasher, 7 (31, 13); GoldenMaple(Acersaccharinurn) andTulip-tree(Liriodendron winged Warbler, 4 (18, 7); Com. Flicker, 2; Great tuhptfera),mostlyunder6 in. in diameterwith a dense CrestedFlycatcher,2; House Wren, 2; E. Bluebird, 2, understory of saplingtrees.The $ facingslopeis dom- Cardinal, 2; Bobwhite, 1; Am. Woodcock, 1; Redinated by oaks and hickoriesmostly over 6 in. in headedWoodpecker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Blackdiameterwith a sparserunderstory. Dominantground cappedChickadee,1; Veery, 1; Yellow-throatedVireo, coverplantsincludeVirginia Creeper(Parthenocissus1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; E. Meadowlark, 1; Scarlet qmnquefolia), Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) Tanager,1; IndigoBunting,1. Total: 22 species;67 terandMuhlenbergiasp.Trees,2-inchesdiameterandover, ritories (302/km2, 122/100 acres).First bluebirds in at basedon 15 0.1-acrecircularsamples,289/acre; total least8 or 9 yearsnestedthis year.Nestslocated:flicker, B basalarea57.3 ft.2/acre.Species comprising 90%of the Red-headed Woodpecker, bluebird. --EMMA total numberof trees(figuresgivenumberof trees/acre, PITCHER, 1159E. 56th Street,Chicago,Ill. 6063Z relative density (%), relative dominance,frequency): 44. PIN OAK FOREST. -- Location: Indiana, SilverMaple, 60, 21, 21, 73; White Oak (Quercus alba), Co.,3 mi. NE of Rockport;37ø55'N,87ø02'W, 44, 15, 37, 73; Winged Elm (Ulmusalata), 33, 12, 5, 60; Spencer Tuhp-tree,23, 8, 2, 40• PignutHickory(Caryaglabra), RockportQuadrangle,USGS.Continuity:New.Size:6 9 ha = 17 acres(irregularrectangle,measuredwith steel tape). Descriptionof Plot: The dominanttreesare Pin Hickory(C. tomentosa),13,5, 6, 40; BlackOak (Q. velu- Oak (Quercuspalustris), SweetGum (Liquidambarstryttna), 12, 4, 1, 53; BitternutHickory(C. cordiformis),10, aclfiua),andRedMaple(Acerrubrum).Otherlesscom4, 1, 47; ShagbarkHickory (C. ovata),7, 2, 3, 40. Trees mon speciesinclude SwampWhite Oak (Q. bicolor), by diametersizeclass(figuresgivenumberof trees/acre, Black Gum (Nyssasylvatica),and Black Cherry(Prunus Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)and relative density (%), basal area in square feet/acre, serotina).Japanese relative dominance):A (2-6 in.) 183, 63, 16, 17; B (6-10 PoisonIvy (Rhusradicans)are extremelyabundantand plantsand tree in ) 50, 17, 17, 18; C (10-14 in.) 35, 12, 28, 30; D (14-18 oftenpreventthe growthof herbaceous Edge:Borderedon all sidesby cultivatedfields in) 17, 6, 24, 26; E (18-22 in.) 3, 1, 7, 8. Shrub seedlings. stems/acre,5500; ground cover 46%; averagecanopy exceptfor 3 acresof similar foreston the NE corner height39 ft (range30-50).Edge:Separated by at least50 Topography:Essentiallyflat, with a low area alongthe N ft of similar habitat from shrubbyfields on N, S and W edge (45 x 350 ft.) containing3-6 in. of water in the 22, 8, 5, 73; Black Gum (Nyssasylvatica),19, 7, 6, 47; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), 14, 5, 8, 53; Mockernut
44
AmericanBirds, January,1977
spring and fall. Elevation: 390 ft. Weather: Temperatures65ø-85øF.Coverage:June4-5, 7-8, 15, 17, 22, 29-30; July 2; between0755 and 0930. Total manhours: 7.5. Census:Tufted Titmouse,2; Carolina Wren, 2, Cardinal,2; Rufous-sided Towbee,2; MourningDove,
5; Ovenbird,4 (20, 8); KentuckyWarbler, 4; RufoussidedTowbee,4; Great CrestedFlycatcher,3 (15, 6), Carolina Chickadee,3; White-breastedNuthatch, 3, CarolinaWren, 3; ScarletTanager,3; Com. Flicker, 2, Hairy Woodpecker, 2; DownyWoodpecker, 2; BlueJay, 1, Red-belliedWoodpecker,1; DownyWoodpecker,1; 2; Com. Crow,2; Cardinal,2; Yellow-billedCuckoo,1, Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; E. Wood Pewee,1; BlueJay, Black-billedCuckoo,1; PileatedWoodpecker,1, Red1, Red-eyedVireo, 1; Indigo Bunting, 0.5. Total: 12 belliedWoodpecker,1; E. Phoebe,1; Blue-grayGnat species;15.5 territorial males (225/km2, 91/100 acres). catcher,1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; CeruleanWarRemarks: Nests found: Mourning Dove, 1; Great bler, 1; LouisianaWaterthrush,1; HoodedWarbler, 1, Horned Owl, 1. In early Junetherewasa large emergence Turkey Vulture, +; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +, of PeriodicalCicada.This is part of a continuingstudyto Com. Grackle, +; Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 34 investigateand monitor the environmentalconditionsin species;92 territorial males (455/km2, 184/100 acres) the vicinity of a proposedpowerplant in the American Remarks: Nests found: Wood Thrush, 4; Red-eyed Electric Power System.-- JOHN BELL, RANDALL Vireo, 3; 17 nestswere found of 10 different species COOLEY, WILLIAM McCLAIN, RANDALL MANCowbirdeggswereremoved from2 of theRed-eyed Vireo NING, RR 2, WAPORA, Inc., Charleston, Ill. 61920. nests.-- ANN BINGAMAN (compiler),TOM WOOD, 45. MIXED
HARDWOOD
REGENERATING.
--
Location: Ohio; Fairfield Co., Bern Township, 1 mi. W
HERMAN KIND, JIM FRY, BRUCE STEHLING, RICK COUNTS and ESTHER REICHELDERFER, Ohio Historical Society,1982 Velma Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43211.
of Sugar Grove and 6 mi. S of Lancaster;82ø30'W, 39ø37'30"N,NE/4 Lancaster Quadrangle, USGS. Con-
46. MIXED
MESOPHYTIC
FOREST.
--
Location:
tinuity: New. Size: 20.2 ha = 50 acres(roughlyrec- Ohio; Pike Co., 7 mi. NW of Morgantown;39ø10'30"N, tangular1400 x 1700ft, with measuringwheel).Descrip- 83ø12'30"W,MorgantownQuadrangle,USGS. Continution of Plot: The dominantcanopytreesare: White Oak ity: New.Size:101.2ha = 250 acres(determinedby map (Quercusalba ), N. Red Oak (O. rubra var. borealis), and map scale).Descriptionof Plot: A quantitlatve Black Oak (O. velutina), Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida), surveyof the vegetationshowsthat on Mitchell Ridge the Tuhp-tree(Liriodendron tulipifera),BlackBirch(Betula dominant canopytrees (followedby number per acre, lenta), Bigtooth Aspen (Populusgrandidentata),and density(%), dominance,and frequency)are: White Oak Rock ChestnutOak (Q. prinus). The understoryis com- (Quercusalba), 74, 22.5, 26, 100; ChestnutOak (Q prtposedof FloweringDogwood(Comusflorida),Sassafras nus),68, 20.5, 26, 80; SugarMaple (Acersaccharum),44, albtdum, Red Maple (Acer rubrum), and Sourwood 12.5, 9, 80; Red Maple (A. rubrum), 34, 11.5, 3, 60, (Oxydendrumarboreum).The groundcoveris primarily ShagbarkHickory (Caryaovata), 32, 9.5, 11, 40; Black PoisonIvy(Rhusradicans), Christmas Fern(Polystichum Oak (Q. velutina),30, 8.5, 3, 60; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 16, acrostichoMes), Maple-leaf Viburnum (Viburnum aceri- 4.5, 5, 20; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana),12, 3 5, 2, foburn), Hydrangea and many small tree seedlings.A 40; Sassafrasalbidum, 12, 3.5, 4, 40; Tulip-tree (Ltrtoquantitativesurveyshows:trees3-inchesin diameterand dendron tulipifera), 10, 3, 2, 20; Sycamore(Platanus over, basedon 5 circular samples466/acre; total basal occidentalis),2, 0.5, 1, 20. The understoryis comarea 152.4 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising99% of the total promisedof 50% Am. Hornbeam(Carpinuscarolintana), number of trees: FloweringDogwood,88, 19, 6, 100; 30% E. Redbud (Cerciscanadensis),15% SugarMaple, Black Birch, 72, 15.5, 13, 100; Sassafras,68, 15, 5, 100; and 5% White Ash. The groundcoveris primarily Com Sourwood,66, 14, 6, 80; Pitch Pine, 44, 9, 14, 40; Tulip- Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), and young Am. Elm tree, 32, 7, 15.5, 60; BigtoothAspen,20, 4, 7, 40; Red (Ulmus americana).On Greenbriar Ridge, which holds Maple, 16, 3, 3, 100; Black Oak, 18, 4, 12, 20; Rock Wildcat Hollow Trail, the dominant canopytrees are ChestnutOak, 10, 2, 6, 20; Red Oak, 8, 2, 5, 60; White Tulip-tree, 82, 23, 24, 100; Red Maple, 70, 18, 18, 80, Oak, 6, 1, 2, 60; PignutHickory,(Caryaglabra),6, 1, 1, Sugar Maple, 68, 19, 15, 80; Am. Beech (Fagusgran40, E. Hemlock (Tsugacanadensis),8, 2, 2, 20. Trees by difolia), 32, 9, 11, 60; White Oak, 30, 8, 9, 60; Tupelo diametersizeclassfollowedby numbersper acre,relative (Nyssaaquatica),28, 8, 8, 40; ShagbarkHickory, 18, 5, 6, density(%), basalarea(ft'/acre),relativedominance (%); 40; White Basswood(Tilia heterophylla),16, 5, 4, 40, A (3-6 in.) 190, 62.5, 14.5, 19; B (6-9 in.) 82, 18, 12, 16; C Black Oak, 12, 4, 4, 40; and White Ash, 4, 1, 1, 20 The (9-15 in.) 72, 15.5, 29, 38; D (15-21 in.) 16, 3, 14, 19; E understoryis 30% Am. Hornbeam,20% FloweringDog~ (21-27 in.) 4, 1, 6, 8. Ground cover varied from 30% to wood(Comusflorida), 20% E. Redbud, 20% Tall Paw90%; canopycoverfrom 60% to 90%; averagecanopy paw (Asiminatriloba), 10% Tulip-tree. The groundcover height65 ft. Edge:Approximately1 mi. from the N edge is mostlySpicebushand StingingNettle (Urtica urens) of unglaciated Ohio, immediately bordered on three On Mitchell Ridge canopy cover is 90%; the average sidesby similarforestand on the fourth by a White Pine height 105 ft (range 25-150 ft). Woody stems are (Pmusstrobus) stand. T•pography: Unglaciated Black- estimatedat 15.750/acre;ground cover80ø7o. On Greenhand Sandstone ravines with 20 to 50 ft cliff faces and briar Ridge canopy cover 93%; averageheight 114 ft steepslopes.Elevation:8001096ft. Weather:Normal. (range90-160 ft). Woody stemsunder 3 inchesdbh are Coverage:May 25-June15; 13 trips between0630 and estimated at 20,500/acre; ground cover, 78%; total 1030 hoursand 1 trip at 1500hours.Total party-hours: trees/acre 360; basal area 117.1 ft'/acre. Trees com28 Census:Red-eyedVireo, 11 (54, 22); Wood Thrush, promising 90ø70of total trees by diameter size class
10 (49, 20); AcadianFlycatcher,6 (30, 12);Worm-eating followedby numberper acre,relativedensity(%), basal Warbler, 6; E. Wood Pewee,5 (25, 10); Tufted Titmouse, Volume 31, Number 1
area, and dominance:A (3-6 in.) 58, 16, 5.8, 4; B (6-9 in ) 45
30, 9, 8.4, 7; C (9-15 in.) 272, 75, 216.4, 89. Elsewhereare Barred Owl, 0.5; Pileated Woodpecker,0.5; Gray CatWhite Pine (Pinus strobus)and Red Pine (P. resinosa), bird, 0.5; Ruby-throatedHummingbird,+; Ovenbird,+;
with averagedbh of 11 inches(50 ft tall), plantedwhen Rufous-sided Towhee,+. Total: 33 species;89.5 terPike Lake was under development.Nestled into the ritorial males or females (1474/km 2, 597/100 acres) woodsare a nature center and 26 cabins.There is a very Remarks:Singlenestsof Ruby-throatedHummingbird, largearea of mowedgrassunderthe pinesand through- Red-bellied Woodpecker, Red-headed Woodpecker, out the park. The lake is surroundedby Eggleson, Hairy Woodpecker,DownyWoodpecker,AcadianFlyGreenbriar, and Mitchell ridges.Edge: Borderedon all catcher,Red-eyedVireo and HouseSparrowwerefound sidesby similar forest.Topography:Smooth,high, roll- Two pairs of Starlingswere observednestingin preing hills. Elevation:754-1237ft. Weather:Very hot and viouslysuccessful Red-headedWoodpeckernest holes humid throughoutcensus.Between89ø and 102øFwith Young and adult Barred Owls and adult Great Horned rain on two days. Coverage:July 10-17; between 0600 Owlswereobserved duringthe earlyspringandsummer and 1100 hrs. Total man-hours: 40. Census:Am. Robin, We thankJohnCoonsand LouiseKrupp for their field 13 (13, 5); Red-eyedVireo, 7 (7, 2); ChippingSparrow,6 assistanceand are grateful to the Ohio Departmentof (6, 2), Acadian Flycatcher,5 (5, 2); Wood Thrush, 4 (4, Natural Resources for permissionto make this study -1), Yellow-throated Warbler,4; MourningDove,3 (3, 1); JON C. ZUCK, STEVEN R. BEISSINGER, and SALL Y Barred Owl, 3; E. Wood Pewee,3; ScarletTanager, 3; WATERHOUSE, Dept. of Zoology, Miami Umv, Whip-poor-will,2; Com. Flicker,2; DownyWoodpecker, Oxford, Ohio 45056. 2, Purple Martin, 2; CarolinaWren, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; 48. VIRGIN BEECH-MAPLE FOREST H. -- LocaCedar Waxwing,2; N. Parula, 2; HouseSparrow,2; Com Grackle, 2; Cardinal, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Black- tion: Ohio; PrebleCo., HuestonWoodsStatePark, 4 mi. of BrownandMain Loop billed Cuckoo, 1; Chimney Swift, 1; Ruby-throated N of Oxfordnearintersection Hummingbird, 1; Belted Kingfisher,1; PileatedWood- Rds.; E « SE ¬ Section34, T6N, RIE, CollegeCorner pecker,1; Red-belliedWoodpecker,1; LeastFlycatcher, Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size:6.1 ha = 15 measured by pacingwith 1, Carolina Chickadee, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; White- acres(1045X 625 ft rectangle breastedNuthatch, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Yellow War- map and compassand temporarilymarked).Description bler, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; of Plot: A virginstandof beechandmaplewith a main Indigo Bunting, 1; Starling, +; Ovenbird, +; Kentucky canopy100-150ft and an understory4-6 ft. It wasgrazed Warbler, +; Com. Yellowthroat, +; Rufous-sided Tow- 40 yearsago which thinned the understory.Sincethen,
the foresthasbeenundisturbed.SugarMaple (Acersaccharurn)and Am. Beech(Fagusgrandifolia)occurby far Throughout Greenbriar and Mitchell Ridges huge in greatestfrequency,densityand size. Ohio Buckeye glabra),Spice-bush (Linderabenzoin),Shpstumpsand trunksof Am. Chestnut(Castaneadentara) (Aesculus remainfrom treeskilled by the blight. They aremaking a pery Elm (Ulmus fulva), and Blue Beech (Carptnus slowcomebackat the foot of Mitchell Ridge near the caroliniana) are found in smaller numbers and size. woodsof lake Specialthanksto Kraig Hainesfor help with the Edge:Two sidesare borderedby beech-maple habitatdescription andto DianeBurnsidefor helpwith similar age and structure. Only narrow forest buffer Information. -- CLIFF CATHERS, 24 Grecian Ave., zonesseparateone 1045 ft sideand one625 ft sidefrom Trotwood, Ohio 45426. old field and youngforest communitiesrespectively Topography:A rolling upland surface dissectedby hee, +. Total: 43 species;90 territorialmales(89/km2, 36/100
acres). Remarks:
47. VIRGIN
Nests found:
BEACH-MAPLE
robin,
2.
FOREST I. -- Loca-
several small streams. The area is Russell silt loam and
tion: Ohio; PrebleCo., HuestonWoodsStatePark, 4 mi. part of the Wisconsintill plain. Elevation:1000 ft. N of Oxfordnear intersection of Brownand Main Loop Weather:An unseasonably dry and early springproRds, E «, SE tA Sec. 34, T6N, RIE, College Corner ducedearly migrationswhich were slowedby an early Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1973; 4 May coldspell.Late springand earlysummerwerewarm consecutive years.Size:6.1 ha = 15 acres(1045 x 625 ft and unusuallyrainy. Coverage:May 8, 20, 25; June5, 8rectanglemeasuredwith compass, transit,and steeltape 9, 17, 21, 29; between0530-0900 and 1900 and 2230 andpermanently marked).Description of Plot:SeeAB Total: 28 man-hours. Census:Acadian Flycatcher,8 28 1009-1010(1974). Weather: Late spring and early (132,53); Blue-grayGnatcatcher,8; Red-eyedVireo, 5 5 summerwere warm and unusuallyrainy. Coverage:May (91, 37); Cardinal, 5 (82, 33); Carolina Chickadee,4 5 5, 11, 13, 16, 18, 20, 22, 27; June3, 5, 17, 22, 24; July 4; (74, 30); White-breastedNuthatch, 3.5 (58, 23); Tufted between 0530 and 0900 and 1900 and 2130. Total: 57 Titmouse, 3 (49, 20); Red-belliedWoodpecker,25, man-hours.Census:Red-eyedVireo, 11 (181, 73); Aca- Downy Woodpecker,2.5; Carolina Wren, 2.5; Indigo dian Flycatcher,9 (148, 60); Blue-grayGnatcatcher,8 Bunting,2.5; Com.Flicker,2; Red-headed Woodpecker, (132, 53); CeruleanWarbler, 6.5 (107, 43); Tufted Tit- 2; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2, mouse, 6 (99, 40); Cardinal, 5.5 (91, 37); Carolina Yellow-throated Vireo, 2; Cerulean Warbler, 2; KenChickadee,4 (66, 27); CarolinaWren, 4; Brown-headed tucky Warbler, 2; Brown-headedCowbird,2; RufousCowbird,3.5 (58, 23); White-breastedNuthatch,3 (49, sided Towhee, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Com. Crow, 20), Starling,3; E. WoodPewee,2.5;WoodThrush,2.5; 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1, Indigo Bunting, 2.5; Corn. Flicker, 2; Red-bellied Pileated Woodpecker,0.5. Total: 25 species;70 ter-
Woodpecker, 2; DownyWoodpecker, 2; KentuckyWarbler, 2; Great CrestedFlycatcher,1.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; House Wren, 1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; House Sparrow, 1; Scarlet Tanager,1; SongSparrow,1; Great HornedOwl, 0.5; 46
ritorial males or females (1153/km 2, 467/100 acres)
Remarks: A roost of 50 Turkey Vultures was located
within the plot. The censusis part of the author's Master's degree thesis which analyzesthe effects of urbanization on bird communities. Thanks to Jon Zuck,
AmericanBirds,January,1977
Louise Krupp, Bonnie Smith, John Coons and Coral Nunnery for their field assistance,and to the Ohio Department of Natural Resourcesfor permissionto make this study.-- STEVEN R. BEISSINGER, Dept. of Zoology,Miami Univ., Oxford, Ohio 45056.
49. MAPLE-GUM-HICKORY
FOREST.
--
Loca-
tion: Tennessee;Campbell Co., 4 mi. W of Caryville; 36ø18'N,84ø15'W,Block Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 20 ha = 49.5 acres(rectangle,surveyed). Description of Plot: Second growth forest, downhill approx.350 ft from a 23-yearold strip mine. Two small streamsrun diagonallyacrossthe plot. Many overgrown loggingtrails are present.The dominanttreesare Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum),Black Gum (Nyssasylvatica), and Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis).The understoryconsists mostlyof the abovespeciesand Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida). Ground cover is mostly Trtlltum spp.,BlueCohosh(Caulophyllumthalictroides),
50.
MIXED-MESOPHYTIC
HARDWOODS.
--
Location: Alabama; Madison Co., about 5 mi. NE of New Market, S of Mountain Fork Creek; 34ø57'5"N,
86ø21'15•W,King CoveQuadrangle,USGS.Continuity: New. Size: 15.75 ha = 38.92 acres(nearlyrectangular, 625 x 225-275m with 25 m grid; longaxisnearlyWNWESE paralleling topographicfeatures).Description of Plot: Part of an extensiveforestedregionwith no recent loggingactivity.A quantitativesurveybasedon 11 randomly chosen25 m square plots gave the following results: Trees 3 inches dbh and over, 2S1/acre; total basal area 84.8 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising96% of the total numberof trees(figuresafter eachgive numberof trees/acre,relativedensity(%), relativedominance(%), frequency(%) in that sequence): SugarMaple (Acersaccharurn),98, 39, 21, 100; hickories(mostlyShagbark
Hickory, Caryaovatd), 89,21,34, 100;ashes (Fraxtnus
americana and quadrangulata),22, 9, 4, 64; Yellow Buckeye(Aesculus octandra),15, 6, 12, 82; Chinquapin Oak (Quercusmuehlenbergii),9, 4, 6, 64; Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), 9, 4, 1, 64; basswood(Ttha andBlackSnakeroot(Zigadenus densus). A quantitative sp.), 8, 3, 3, 55; deadtrees,6, 2, 2, 45; ChestnutOak (Q surveyof the vegetationgavethe following:Trees, of 3 prinus), 5, 2, 3, 36; White Oak (Q. alba), 4, 2, 4, 18, N inchesdiameter and over, basedon five 0.1-acre circles, Red Oak (Q. rubra), 4, 2, 2, 36; Sassafrasalbidurn,4, 2, 312/acre;total basalarea 128ftZ/acre.Tree speciescom- 0, 9; FloweringDogwood(Cornusflorida), 3, 1, 0, 27, prising90% of the total: SugarMaple, 66, 21, 17, 100; Beech(Fagusgrandifolia), 2, 1, 3, 18. Trees by diameter BlackGum, 50, 16, 15, 80; BitternutHickory,34, 11, 24, size class (figures after each class give number of 80, Basswood (Tilia heterophylla), 24, 8, 3, 60; Tulip-tree trees/acre,relative density(ø7o), basal area in ft.2/acre, (Ltnodendrontulipifera),20, 6, 4, 60; deadtrees,16, S, S, relativedominance):A (3-6 in.), 134, 54, 13.4, 16; B (6-9 60, ChestnutOak (Quercusprinus), 14,4, 15,60; Flower- in.), 58, 23, 17.4, 2; C (9-15 in.), 52, 21, 41.6, 49; D (15-21 lng Dogwood,14, 4, 1, 80; Red Oak (Q. rubra), 12, 4, 3, in.),6, 2, 10.8,12; E (21-27in.), 1, 0, 3.1, 2. Saplingstems 40, Black Locust(Robiniapseudo-acacia)12, 4, 1, 40; 1-3 in. dbh total 248/acre; they are 60% SugarMaple, SweetBuckeye(Aesculusoctandra),8, 3, 1, 60; White 15% ashes,and 25% other species.Important speciesof Oak (Q. alba), 6, 2, 4, 40; Black Cherry (Prunus shrubsand woodyvinesare PoisonIvy (Rhusradicans), serot•na),6, 2, 1, 60. Treesby diametersizeclass:A (3-6 Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissusquinquefolia), S in ) 182, 58, 18.2, 14; B (6-9 in.) 68, 22, 20.4, 16; C (9-15 Arrowwood (Viburnurn dentatum), Am. Strawberryin ) 36, 12, 28.8, 23; D (15-21 in.) 18, 6, 32.4, 25; E (21-27 bush (Euonyrnusamericanus),and wild grape (gttts in) 6, 2, 18.6, 15; F (27-33 in.) 2, 1, 9.8, 8. Shrub spp.). Herbaceousspeciesare very numerous. Ground stems/acre4660; groundcover65%; canopycover85%; coverrangesfrom about 25% to about 80%; canopycover canopyheight70 ft (range50-90).Edge:Surrounded by about 60-70%; canopyheightabout 40-75 ft. A few old similarforeston all sidesexceptfor stripmineparallelto loggingtrails and temporarybrookscrossthe plot; fallen the W boundary.Topography:Steep,rocky.Elevation: treesand old logsare frequent.Edge: Borderedon all 1900-2300ft. Weather:Belownormalrainfall preceding sidesby similar forest;the N side has only a strip of and during census.Coverage:May 20-23, 26; June4-6; similar forest about 50 m wide separatingit from botdawn to 1030. Total man-hours: 30. Census: Hooded tomland woods and pastures along Mountain Fork Warbler, 31 (155, 63); Am. Redstart, 26 (130, 53); Creek.Topography:N to NE facingslope,with somelow CeruleanWarbler, 22 (110, 44); Red-eyedVireo, 19 (95, outcropsand blocks of limestonein places.Elevation: 38), Kentucky Warbler, 15 (75, 30); Wood Thrush, 11 800-1100ft. Weather: Relativelycooland verywet; three (SS, 22); Worm-eating Warbler, 9 (45, 18); Scarlet visits were abruptly terminated by heavy showers Tunaget, 8 (40, 16); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 6 (30, 12); Coverage:May 3, 12-13, 15-19; between0530 and 1630 Tufted Titmouse,4.5 (22, 9); Yellow-throatedVireo, 4.5; CDT. Total man-hours:21+. Census:Red-eyedVireo, AcadianFlycatcher,4 (20, 8); CarolinaChickadee,3 (15, 11.5 (73, 30); Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 10 (63, 26), 6), Blue-grayGnatcatcher,3; White-breastedNuthatch, Carolina Wren, 5 (32, 13); Red-belliedWoodpecker,3 2 S, Cardinal, 2.5; Downy Woodpecker,2; E. Phoebe,2; (19, 8); CeruleanWarbler, 3; Downy Woodpecker,2, Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Carolina Wren, 1.5; Red- Tufted Titmouse, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Am tailed Hawk, 1; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Yellow-billed Redstart, 2; Acadian Flycatcher, 1.5; Carohna Cuckoo, 1; Barred Owl, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Pileareal Chickadee,1.5; Scarlet Tanager, 1.5; Cardinal, 1 5, Woodpecker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Blue Jay, 1; Am. Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Great Robin, 1; White-eyedVireo, 1; SolitaryVireo, 1; Black- CrestedFlycatcher,1; Yellow-throatedVireo, 1; Hooded throatedGreen Warbler, 1. Total: 32 species;191 ter- Warbler, 1; PileatedWoodpecker,0.5; LouisianaWaterritorial males (9S3/km 2, 386/100 acres). Remarks: A thrush, 0.5; Kentucky Warbler, 0.5; Broad-wmged portionof this plot (24 acres)wascensused by Yehner, Hawk, +; Blue Jay, +; Indigo Bunting, +. Total: 24 seeAB 26:951-952(1972).-- ALAN B. SMITH, Dept. of species;53 territorial males (336/km 2, 136/100 acres) Zoology,Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, Tenn.37916. Remarks:The lowdensitywasa surprise,aswasthe lack Volume 31, Number 1
47
of Wood Thrushes. Nests found: 1 hole each of Red-
SIMMERS, JR., 62 BuckinghamSt., Cambridge,Mass.
of treessampledby diameterclass:A, 32; B, 40; C, 23, D, 5. Shrubstems/acre:3149; groundcover26%, canopy cover 85%; averagecanopyheight 50 ft. The Bald-
02138
Cypress-Green Ashassociation comprises 3% (0.6 acre)
belhed and DownyWoodpeckers. -- RICHARD W.
of the plot and is presentin a depressionon line A Canopycoveris lessthan 20%, canopyheightaverages 30 RIAL DISPOSAL SITE. -- Location: Louisiana; St. ft., anddbh'sarelessthan 6 in. The understory is mainly Martin Parish; AtchafalayaBasin; 30ø23•N,91ø39'W, BlackWillow. Standingwater is presentthroughoutthe MarmgouinQuadrangic,USGS.Continuity:New(1975). yearexceptduringdroughts. Two 10ft-widesurveyor cut 51. FLOODPLAIN
FOREST:
DREDGED
MATE-
Size: 7.6 ha = 18.94 acres(2 transect lines; line A is 300
lines and one 15 ft-wide access road to the WBPC cross
ft W of LA 975, 200 ft E of WhiskeyBay Pilot Channel lineA andone10ft-widesurveyor cutlinecrosses lineB, (WBPC), and 2 mi. N of 1-10, oriented N63øW (true); linc all createedgeeffects.A 0.2 acre clearingis presenton B lS 375 ft E of LA 975, 875 ft E of WBPC, and 1.1 mi. line A and a 0.3 acreclearingis presenton line B; both NW of 1-10, orientedN29øW (true); both lines 2750 x 150 alsocreateedgesituations. Edge:Bothtransectlinesare ft, pacedwith compass).Descriptionof Plot: Vegetation borderedby similar floodplainhabitats.Topography: was sampledin July 1974 using a random quadrat GentlyrollingfromN to S. Standingwaterwaspresentin methodfor shrubsand herbaceousplants and the Bit- the Bald Cypress-Green Ash association and in poorlytcrhchmethodfor trees.Dredgedmaterialwasdeposited drained sectorsof the Black Willow-Sycamoreassociaduring constructionof the WBPC in 1935 and 1936. A tion. Elevation:Varyingfrom 15 to 45 ft. Weather:See very minor disposalalsotook place in 1962 when the Census86. Coverage:May 7-14; between0600 and 1000 channelwassubjectto maintenancedredging.Re-estab- Total man-hours:40. Census1975: White-eyedVireo, 21 hshment and growth of vegetationon the dredged (274, 111);Cardinal, 14 (183, 74); ProthonotaryWarbler, material has been rapid. Black Willow (Salix nigru)- 10.5 (137,55); N. Parula,8 (104,42); Red-eyedVireo, 7 5 Sycamore(Platanusoccidentalis) and Bald Cypress(Tax- (98, 40); HoodedWarbler, 7 (91, 37); Yellow-breasted odtum distichum)-GreenAsh LFraxinuspennsylvanica) Chat, 5.5 (72, 29); Wood Thrush,4 (52, 21); Yellow-balled associations havedevelopedon the lowerelevationsand a Cuckoo, 3 (39, 16); Carolina Wren, 3; Brown-headed Black Willow-Cottonwood(Populusdeltoides)associa- Cowbird (females),3; Rufous-sidedTowhee,3; Acadian 2; GreenHeron,1; Mississippi Kite, 1; Com tion on the higher elevations.The Black Willow- Flycatcher, Sycamore association covers80% (15.2acres)of the plot. Yellowthroat,1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Red-belliedWoodRough-leafDogwood(Cornusdrummondii)is the dom- pecker, 0.5; Swainson'sWarbler, 0.5; Hairy Woodlnant understoryspecies.Other important understory pecker,+. Total: 20 species;96.5 territorialmalesor componentsare Wax Myrtle •yrica cerifera) and sap- females (1259/km 2, 510/100 acres). Remarks: Nests lings of SweetGum (Liquidambarstyrucifiua),Green found (13): Prothonotary Warbler, 3; Cardinal, 3, Ash, and Sycamore.Blackberry(Rubusargutus)is the Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Mississippi Kite, 1; Green dominant shrub. Vines, particularlyRattan (Berchemia Heron, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Hooded scandens),PoisonIvy (Rhusradicans),and PepperVine Warbler, 1. One of the ProthonotaryWarbler nestswas (Ampelopsisarborea),are abundantand presentin the parasitizedby a Brown-headedCowbird. Carolina understory,shrub, and herbaceouslayers. Prominent Chickadeesand Tufted Titmice were rangingwidely, that theyhad hatchedtheir youngand were herbs are Eupatorium album, Thelypterisnormalis, and suggesting Mtcrostegiumvimineum.Standingwateris presentdur- feedingas families.This censuswas performedin an datafor description of plantand ing the winter and spring owing to flooding by the effortto gatherbaseline WBPC or poor internaland surfacesoil drainage.The animal successionpatterns on U.S. Army, Corps of (COE) dredgedmaterialdisposalsites.The tree canopyhas a total of 238 stems/acreand a total Engineers basalareaof 52.5ft2/acre.Species composing 93%of the study was supportedby the COE, WaterwaysExpertree canopy(figuresafter eachgiverelativedensity(%) iment Station, Vicksburg, MS under grant number DACW 39-74-C-0092. -- STEPHEN B. ATKINS, and relativebasalarea (%), in that sequence): BlackWil-
low, 12.5, 23.5; Sycamore,16.8, 16.6; Box-elder(Acer RONALD G. PSCION, DAVID 34. DuMOND, and Coastal Zone Resources negundo),12.3, 9.9; Red Elm (Ulmusrubra), 11.9, 8.8; STEVEN W. LEONARD, SweetGum, 11, 6; Red Maple (A. rubrum), 10.2, 6; Cot- Corp., Wilmington,N.C. 28401. tonwood,3.8, 11.8;Rough-leafDogwood,7.7, 3.0; Green Ash, 6.8, 3. Percentageof trees sampledby diameter class A (3-6 in.), 25; B (6-9 in.), 19; C (9-15 in.), 36; D (15-21 in.), 12; E (21-27 in.), 0; F (27-31 in.), 2. Shrub
52. VIRGIN
SCRUB OAK FOOTHILLS.
-- Loca-
tion:Oklahoma;OsageCo., from intersection U.S 60
stems/acre: 5589;groundcover10%;canopycover75%; and Okla. 123, 5 mi. W and 2.5 mi. SW; 96ø06'N, averagecanopyheight65 ft. The BlackWillow-Cotton- 36ø44'W,WoolarocQuadrangle,7.5 min. seriesUSGS, woodassociation comprises 14% (2.6 acres)of the plot. SW one-fourthof SE quarterof section10-26-11.ConCommon understorycomponentsare Rough-leafDog- tinuity: Established1975. Size: 16.19 ha = 40 acres wood,Wax Myrtle, and saplingsof Cottonwood,Box- (square,originalsurveythreesides,fourthsidecomelder, and Black Willow. Important shrubs,vines,and herb speciesare the same as those found in the Black Willow-Sycamoreassociation.The tree canopy has a total of 251 stems/acre
and a total basal area of 48
passed). Description of Plot: SeeAB 29:1098(1975) Weather:Dry mildspring,earlyseason. Coverage: April
7, 14, 22, 29; May 5, 13, 19, 24, 28; June11; between dawn and 1030, CDT. Total man-hours:26. Census:
4 ft 2/acre. Speciescomprising94% of the tree canopy: Field Sparrow,7 (43, 18); Great CrestedFlycatcher, (25, 10): Brown-headedCowbird,4; Tufted Titmouse,3 Black Willow, 50.7, 47.2; Cottonwood, 27.5, 33.9; Boxelder,8.2, 6.7; Rough-leafDogwood,7.7, 3.4. Percentage (19, 8); Bewick'sWren, 3; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,3, 48
American Birds, January,1977
Black-and-whiteWarbler, 3; Cardinal, 3; Mourning
to E from adjacent meadows.Elevation: 95 to 105 ft
Dove, 2; Carolina Chickadee, 2; Brown Thrasher, 2; Bobwhite, 1.5; Blue Jay, 1.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Com. Flicker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Redheaded Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; E. Phoebe,1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Carolina Wren,
1975:Weather:13daysclear,5 overcast orgroundfog,2 daysrain. Temperatures rangedfrom47-64øFav = 54øF (8-18øC,av.= ITC). Coverage: May 11,22, 28;June6-7, 10, 12, 17, 19-21,23, 26-28;July2, 11, 14-15,25; between
0440 and0800.Total: 35 man-hours.Census:Red-eyed 1, Yellow-breastedChat, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; Vireo,9 (87, 35); Ovenbird,9; Yellow-rumped Warbler, Painted Bunting, 1; Lark Sparrow,0.5; Black-billed 7 (68, 27); Golden-crowned Kinglet, 6 (58, 23), Pine Cuckoo, +; ScreechOwl, +; Chuck-will's-widow,+; E. Warbler, 6; Black-cappedChickadee,5 (48, 20), Am Meadowlark,+; SummerTanager,+. Total: 30 species; Robin, 5; SongSparrow,5; Red-breastedNuthatch,4 50 5 territorial males (312/km2, 126/100 acres). (39, 16); Wood Thrush, 4; Veery, 4; Black-throated Remarks:Field Sparrowpopulationjumpedfrom 3 to 7 GreenWarbler,4; Com. Grackle,4; BlueJay,3 (29, 12), over last year and Red-headedWoodpeckersdropped Am. Goldfinch, 3; E. Wood Pewee,2; Com. Crow, 2, Hermit Thrush, 2; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 2, Com
from 3 to 1. Total hole dwellers were about the same. --
ELLA DELAP and DOTTYM. Bartlesville, Okla. 74003.
GOARD, P.O. Box 591,
Flicker,1; Ruby-crowned Kinglet,1; CanadaWarbler, 1; Am. Redstart,1; PurpleFinch,1; ChippingSparrow, 1; White-throated Sparrow,1. Total: 26 species; 93 territorial males(898/km2, 363/100 acres).Remarks: Nests
53. MIXED
DECIDUOUS-CONIFEROUS
FOR-
EST. -- Location: Maine; Penobscot Co., Woodland Preserveof the Univ. of Maine, Orono. SeeUSGS Orono,
found: SongSparow,1. 1976: Weather:4 daysclear, 2 groundfog, 1 overcast.Coverage:May 30; June5-6, 13, 18; July 7-8, 18; between0430 and 0900. Total: 18 hours
Maine. Continuity: Established1975 (1976); 2 years. Size:10.4ha = 25.6 acres(surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: Coveredby a canopyof White Pine (Pinusstrobus),E. Hemlock (Tsugacanadensis),White and Red Spruce (Ptceaglauca, P. rubens),Red Maple (Acer rubrum), White Birch (Betulapapyrifera), and BalsamFir (Ables
Grackle, 3; Blue Jay, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; Hairy
balsamea). White Pine and E. Hemlock are the dominant
Woodpecker,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; E. Wood
overstory species (est.65%),whilethe restdominatemost (est. 30%) of the remainingarea. The two dominants rangeup to 70 ft and30 inchesin diameter(dbh).Many hardwoodsfill in open areas and border small stream
Nuthatch,1; WoodThrush,1; Starling,1; Red-w•nged Blackbird,1; PurpleFinch,1; Am. Goldfinch,1, ChippingSparrow,1; SongSparrow,1. Total: 26 species, 58
tributaries.
territorial males (560/km 2, 227/100 acres).Remarks: Of
Streamside
associates include White
Ash
(Fraxinus americana), Red Maple, Am. Elm (Ulmus americana-- alsomany dead skeletonsstanding),and SpeckledAlder (Alnusrugosa).Edgeassociates include Basswood (Tilia americana),Hop Hornbeam(Ostryavirginiaaa), Aspens (Populusgrandldentata,P. tremulorries),Beech(Fagusgrandifolia), Shadbush(Amelanchter laevis), Red Oak (Quercus rubra), Pin Cherry (Prunuspensylvanica),Black Cherry (P. serotiaa), Red Maple, White Spruce,White Pine, and Am. Elm. The understoryand shrub layersare dominatedthroughout by conifers (Hemlock, Balsam Fir, Red and White Spruce),Red Maple, alders(wet areas),BeakedHazelnut (Coryluscornuta), several Viburnums, Mountain Ash (Pyrus americana), Red Raspberry(Rubus strigosus), and Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans). Shrubs dominating alongthe forestedgesare BeakedHazelnut,Red Raspberry, Blackberry(Rubus allegheniensis), Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica), Bush Honeysuckle(Diervilla Ionicera), SpeckledAlder, hawthorn(Crataegussp.), Elderberries (Sambucuscanadensis,S. pubens), and willows (Salixspp.).The herbaceous layeris generallyopen(est. 65% moss and duff cover) with a mosaic of associations
Census: Ovenbird,7 (68,27);Black-capped Chickadee, 4 (39, 16); Am. Robin, 4; Red-eyedVireo, 4; Black-andwhite Warbler, 4; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 4; Blackthroated Green Warbler, 3 (29, 12); Pine Warbler, 3, CanadaWarbler, 3; White-throatedSparrow,3, Com Pewee, 1; Tree Swallow, 1; Com. Crow, 1; Red-breasted
noteisthe absencein 1976of kinglets,Veeries,and Hermit Thrushes, andthedeclinein thenumberof Red-eyed
Vireosand of WoodThrushes.Gratefulacknowledgment is made to Norman C. Famous for assistance •n the
botanicalanalysis,to A. A. Barden,Jr. for reviewof the
manuscriptand helpin obtainingsomefield materials, and to Pete Robinson and Michael
Hazlett
for their
assistance settingup transects. --NONA FAMOUS, 9-G Talmar Wood, Orono, Me. 04473. 54. DECIDUOUS
GROWTH
--
CONIFEROUS
NORTHWOODS.
--
SECOND-
Location: Vermont,
WashingtonCo., SW cornerCabot;44ø23'N,72ø23'W, Plainfield Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established 1972; 5 consecutiveyears. Size: 15 ha = 37 acres Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 26:957-8, (1972).Coverage: May 1 to June7; 18 mostlyearly morningtrips Total man-hours:20.5 Weather: Temperaturerange32ø-55øF, (average42.8ø),55% clear.Census:Ovenbird,3 (20, 8), White-throated Sparrow, 3; Nashville Warbler, 2 5, Winter Wren, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Veery, 2; Rubycrowned Kinglet, 2; Magnolia Warbler, 2; Black-
of ferns (12 species),herbs, sedges,grasses,and wood- throated Blue Warbler, 2; Chestnut-sided Warbler, 2, rushes.Edge:Borderedon the SE by an openfield and a Com. Yellowthroat,2; Canada Warbler, 2; SongSparmarshyarea, on the SW by eight small cabins(student row, 2; Solitary Vireo, 1.5; Blue Jay, 1; Black-capped housing), on the E separated from a mobilehomedevel- Chickadee,1; Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; Am. Robin, 1, opmentby a secondaryroad, on the N by a mowed Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1; N. Parula, 1; Black-throated meadowand on the W by cowbarnsand a sheeppasture. Green Warbler, 1; Bay-breastedWarbler, 1; Chipping Topography:Gently sloping E and W from a weakly Sparrow,0.5. Total: 23 species;38.5 territorial males meanderingstream which runs lengthwiseN to S (257/km 2, 104/100 acres). Remarks: Two nests were throughthe centerof the plot. Superimposed onthisis a found:BlueJayand White-throatedSparrow.This year I slightN to S slope.A seriesof smalltributariesdrain W foundabouthalf asmanyterritorial malesasrecordedm Volume31, Number 1
49
1974 White-throatedSparrowwasdownfrom 13 to 3. In 1972 there were 11 specieswith 3 or more territorial males, this year there were only 2. -- BARBARA CARPENTER, Marshfield,Vt. 05658. 55. BURNED
PINE-OAK
FOREST.
--
Location:
Massachusetts; PlymouthCo., Pine Hills 0.5 mile S of Rte 3A; 41øS6'N, 70ø3S'W, Manomet Quadrangle, USGS Continuity: Established197S. Size: 22.S ha = SS6 acres(3 adjacentrectangleseach200 x 37S m with sidesrunningN-S and E-W, surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1099-1100 (197S). Weather: A warm and
verydry season,usuallyovercastcloudor haze during the censuses;wind 0 or light SW; temperature range 10ø-22øC(S0ø-71øF). Coverage:June3, 15, 19, 22-23, 2.526, 28-29; July2, 7, 1S. All visitsbeganwithin 1 hour of dawn Total man-hours: S4. Census:Ovenbird, 11.S (S1, 21), Rufous-sidedTowhee, 8 (36, 14); Pine Warbler, 6.S (29, 12); Black-and-whiteWarbler, S (22, 9); Blue Jay,4+ (18, 7); Black-cappedChickadee, 3+ (13, S); Corn. Yellowthroat, 3 (13, 5); Ruffed Grouse,2; Corn. Flicker, 2, Whip-poor-will, 1+; Mourning Dove, 1; Downy Woodpecker,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher,0.S; Hermit Thrush, 0.S; NashvilleWarbler, 0.S; Red-breastedNuthatch, +; Am. Robin, +; Red-eyed Vireo, +; Corn. Grackle, +; Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 20 species;49.S territories (220/km:, 89/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found 1 Whip-poor-will (chick) and 1 Ovenbird. There waslittle changefrom the previousyear.This censuswas carried out by 12 peoplefrom the Manomet Bird Observatory Grateful thanks to the Dorr Foundation and the
Bird for permissionto surveyher island.-- TREVOR L LLOYD-EVANS, Manomet Bird Observatory,Box O, Manomet, Mass. 02345.
57. MAPLE
-- PINE
--
OAK
SECOND-GROWTH
FOREST. -- Location: Massachusetts;Norfolk Co, Town of Foxboro conservationland, off Willow and East
Streets;42ø04'N,71ø11'30•W,MansfieldQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 11.8 ha = 29.2 acres
(irregularhexagon,approachinga rectanglewith a N-S long dimension and beveled NE coruer, from Tax Assessors's maps 1 in. = 80 ft). Descriptionof Plot: Com-
posedof pasturelandsabandonedduring this century, includingareaswithtrees50-60and20-30yearsold.One centralacrehasscatteredtrees7 yearsold andiscovered mostly with Spirea sp. and Sheep Laurel (Kalm•a angust•folia).A small stream (Canoe River) dividesthe plot in half. Approximatelythree acreswereunderstanding water during May, but were dry by June 15. The
dominantcanopytrees are Red Maple (Acerrubrum), White Pine (Pinusstrobus)and White Oak (Quercus alba). The dominant shrubs are trees less than 3 m
diameter, Clethra alnifolia, Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia) and Highbush Blueberry (Vacciniumcorymbosum).The groundcoveris primarilyseedlingtrees, CanadaMayflower(Maianthemumcansdense), Lycopodium complanatum), Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccimum cespitosum) andvariousferns.SkunkCabbage(Symplocarpusfoetidus)aboundsin wet areas.A quantitative surveyof thevegetationgavethe followingresults:Trees, GeorgeI. AldenTrust for generous grantswhichhelped 3-inchesdiameterand over,basedon eight0.1-acre to support the work. We are particularly indebted to cular samples,667/acre; total basal area 186.6 ft2/acre Gordon L. Howland and ChristopherHusseywho own Species comprising90% of the total numberof trees:Red the land and have actively supportedthis study. -Maple, 291, 44, 44, 100; White Pine, 138, 21, 18, 100, TREVOR L. LLOYD-EVANS, Mahomet Bird ObservWhite Oak, 66, 10, 9, 75; deadtrees,66, 10, 7, 100;Gray atory,Box O,Mahomet, Mass. 02345. Birch(Betulapopulifolia),23, 4, 1, 50; SwampWhite Oak (Q. bicolor),17, 3, 7, 62. Trees by diametersize class:A (3-6 in.) 404, 61, 40.4, 22; B (6-9 in.) 176, 26, 52.6, 28; C (9-15 in.) 69, 10, 55.1, 30; D (15-21in.) 17, 3, ISLAND. -- Location: Massachusetts;Plymouth Co., 30.4, 16; E (21-27in.) 3, 0, 8.1, 4. Shrubstems/acre3863, Halfway Pond, off Mast and Wareham Roads;41øSl'N, groundcover50% canopycover80%; averagecanopy 70ø37'W, Sagamore Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: height53 ft (range35-55).Edge:Borderedon all sidesby Established197S.Size:S.06ha = 12.Sacres(an irregular similar forest (extensivelyto the N and S). NE beveled islandin the centerof the pond, surveyed).Descriptionof edgeis 200 ft from 300 ft wide powerlinecut. NW and Plot: SeeAB 29:1100 (197S).Weather: A warm and very SW corners are about 100 ft from cleared land dry season,usuallyovercastcloudor hazeduringthe cen- Topography:Essentiallyflat. Elevation:200 ft. Weather: suses, wind 0 or light SW (20 knots one day); NearbyBostontemperaturesfor May and Junerespectemperaturerange 18ø-22øC(64ø-71øF).Coverage:May tivelywere1.6 and5.5øFaboveaverage;rainfall1.49and 27, 31, June9, 15, 19, 23, 29; July 2-3, 8. All visitsbegan 2.61 inchesbelow average.Coverage:May 9, 14, 21-24, within 1 hour of dawn. Total man-hours: 32. Census: 26-27, 30-31; June3-6, 8-10, 12-13, 22-23, 27; July2, 9, Blue Jay, 2+; Corn. Grackle, 2+; Corn. Flicker, 2; E. between0600 and 0930, plusthreeeveningtrips.Total Kingbird, 2; Black-cappedChickadee,2; Gray Catbird, man-hours:66. Census:Blue Jay,6 (51, 21); Gray Cat2, Red-wingedBlackbird, 2; Green Heron, 1; Ruffed bird, 6; Rufous-sidedTowhee,6; Ovenbird,4.5 (38, 15), Grouse, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Am. Robin, 1; N. Black-capped Chickadee,3 (25, 10);Corn.Yellowthroat, Oriole, 1; Song Sparrow,1. Total: 13 species;20 ter- 3; ScarletTanager,3; DownyWoodpecker,2; Veery,2, ritories (395/km:, 160/100 acres). Remarks: Nests Black-and-whiteWarbler, 2; Corn. Grackle, 2; Wood found one eachof Corn.Flicker, E. Kingbird, Gray Cat- Thrush, 1+; N. Oriole, 1+; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Yellowbird, Corn.Grackle,plus a broodof Ruffed Grouse.The billed Cuckoo, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Tufted Tit56. DECIDUOUS-CONIFEROUS
LOW-LYING
33% Increase in territories over the 1S recorded in 197S is
probablynot significant.This censuswascarried out by 1Speoplefrom the ManometBird Observatory.Grateful thanks to the Dorr Foundationand the GeorgeI. Alden Trust for generousgrants which helped to support the work We are particularlyindebtedto Mrs. ClarenceE. 50
mouse, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Blue-
wingedWarbler,1; NashvilleWarbler,1; FieldSparrow, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Corn. Flicker, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker,0.5; GreatCrestedFlycatcher, 0.5; Broad-winged Hawk, +. Total: 29 species;55 territorial males or
AmericanBirds,January,1977
females (465/km 2, 188/100 acres). Remarks: The S
boundaryis a paved two-lane road with no shoulders. The treecanopyis nearlyclosedandnoedgeeffecton the nestingpopulationwas noticed.The mixed habitat of this plot is typicalof the forestareasin SE New England preserved fromdevelopment owingto wetness. A Screech Owl washeardon two of the eveningvisitsand mayhave nested.The 1-acrefield wasvisitedfrequentlyby several speciesnestingin the openfieldsand power-linecut. -WILLIAM E. DAVIS, JR., College of Basic Studies, Boston Univ., Boston, Mass. 02215. 58. PITCH
PINE-SCRUB
OAK FOREST
V. -- Loca-
I. Alden Trust for generousgrantswhich helpedto support the work. We are alsoindebtedto staff of the Myles StandishStateForestfor adviceand encouragement-TREVOR
L. LLOYD-EVANS,
Mahomet Bird Observ-
atory, Box 0, Mahomet, Mass. 02345.
59. CLIMAX WITH
HEMLOCK-WHITE
TRANSITION
HARDWOODS.
PINE FOREST, --
Location:
Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White Memorial Foundation, Litchfield; 41ø43'20"N,73ø12'W, Litchfield Quad-
rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established1965; 10 intermittentyears.Size:10.52ha = 26 acres(roughlya trape-
tion: Massachusetts;Plymouth Co., Myles Standish zium). Descriptionof Plot: SeeAFN 19:594-595 (1965) State Forest, 1 mile SE of CollegePond; 41ø52'N, Coverage:May 24-25; June 5, 7, 12-13; from 0445 to 70ø40'W, Wareham Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: 2300, with emphasisbefore0600. Total man-hours 24 New Size: 7.5 ha = 18.53acres(an irregularright angle Census:Blackburnian Warbler, 9 (86, 35); Ovenbird, 7 polygonwith sidesrunning N-S and E-W, surveyed). (67, 27); Black-throated Green Warbler, 6 (57, 23), Descriptionof Plot: The dominanttree(100%)wasPitch Veery, 5 (48, 19); Solitary Vireo, 5; Rufous-slded Pine (Pinusrigida), 96% of whichwaskilled in 1971and Towbee,4 (38, 15); Black-cappedChickadee,3 (29, 12), '72 by a massiveinfestationof PitchPineLooper(Lamb- Brown Creeper,3; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 3; Scarlet dtna athasaria pellucidaria). Scrub Oak (Quercusilici- Tanager, 3; Blue Jay, 2.5; Red-breastedNuthatch, 2, foha) was the only understoryspecies,and the ground Wood Thrush, 2; Canada Warbler, 2; White-throated coverwaspredominantlyBlack Huckleberry(Gaylussa- Sparrow, 2; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Barred Owl, 1, cta baccata),Early LowbushBlueberry(Vacciniumvacil- Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker,1; Great lans), and Late LowbushBlueberry(V. angustifolium).A CrestedFlycatcher,1; E. Wood Pewee,1; HouseWren, surveyof 5 random25 x 25 m plotsgavethe following 1; Winter Wren, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Red-eyedVireo• 1, N results:18 live Pitch Pines(> 1 m)/acre; 345 standing Waterthrush, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Cardinal, 1, dead(> 1 m)/acre; 146lyingdead(> 1 m)/acre;113live Corn. Crow, 0.5; White-breasted Nuthatch, 0.5, N shoots or seedlings/acre about60 cmtall. Averageheight Oriole,0.5; SongSparrow,0.5; PilearealWoodpecker,+, Corn.Flicker, +; Corn.Yellowthroat,+; PurpleFinch, + of live Pitch Pines (> 1 m) was 6.5 m, diameter 9.9 cm standingdeadPitch Pines(> 1 m) averaged 4.0 m in Total: 36 species, 73.5 territorial males (699/km•, height(range2-8 m), diameter8.8 cm. (range4.3-21.0 283/100 acres).Remarks:The two new species,Winter cm), lying dead pinesaveraged3.7 m (range3-6 m), Wren and N. Waterthrush, as well as both pairs of diameter5.8 cm (range3.5-9.0cm).Tree coverwas4.8%. White-throatedSparrows,establishedterritoriesin a low Within these5 randomplots 5 10 x 10 m samplesgave area whereseveralsoftwoodsand hardwoodsof 125 years 2161 ScrubOak clumps/acre;averageheight1.4; cover and youngerwere removedlast year for sawmillpur49% The herbaceous layerwascens•sedby 25 random1 poses.The visualeffectof this area is similarto a windm squares;averagecoverwas 48%. Edge: Carefully fall. Specialthanks to Jim Cavanaughfor his help -chosento ensureuniform habitat althoughlive forest ANDREW MAGEE, Woollybear,Troy,N.H. 03465.
approached within50 m at a fewpoints.Topography: A 60. UPLAND MIXED PINE-SPRUCE-HARDveryshallowbowleffect,the centerloweredby circa5 m. -- Location: New York, Elevation:180 ft. Weather: Warm but exceptionallydry WOOD PLANTATION. all springand summer,usuallyovercast or hazyduring AlleganyCo.,on the S sideof BrownRd., nearits interthe censuses;wind 0 or light S-W; temperaturerange sectionwith the Vandermark Rd., in the town of Ward, 13ø-21øC (55ø-70øF).Coverage:June 16, 19, 22-23, 26, 29;
3.5 miles W of Alfred, 42ø7'30"N, 77ø45'W; Andover
July 1-2, 7, 10, 15. Total man-hours:40. Census: Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established1974, 3 Rufous-sidedTowbee, 18 (240, 97); Prairie Warbler, 10.5 consecutive years.Size: 16.6 ha = 41 acres(roughlyrec(140, 57); Com. Yellowthroat, 5 (67, 27); Field Sparrow, tangular;perimetermeasured with tape and compass) 2, Hermit Thrush, 1.5; Gray Catbird, 0.5; Mourning Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 28:699 (1974).Weather: See Census68. Coverage:May 10, 15, 21, 27; June 6, 9, 13, 15, 19, 25, 28; July 16, 20, 26; from 0745 to 2100, EDT +, Black-capped Chickadee,+; HouseWren, +; Brown Total man-hours:22. Census:MagnoliaWarbler, 15 (90, 37); BlacksthroatedGreen Warbler, 15; Blackburman Thrasher, +; E. Bluebird, +; Pine Warbler, +; N. Oriole, +; Com. Grackle, +; Brown-headedCowbird, Warbler, 15; Golden-crownedKinglet, 12 (72, 29), +, Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 22 species;37.5 territoi'ies Dark-eyedJunco,8 (48, 20); Black-cappedChickadee,5 (500/km 2, 202/100 acres).Remarks: Nestsfound: Her- (30, 12); Blue Jay, 3 (18, 7); Wood Thrush, 3; Solitary mir Thrush, (3), Rufous-sidedTowbee, (1). A very late Vireo, 3; Ovenbird, 3; Am. Robin, 2.5; Veery, 2; Cedar seasonasthe droughtkilled the firstshootsof the Scrub Waxwing,2; Com. Yellowthroat,2; CanadaWarbler, 2, Oak and manyherbaceous plants.The secondattemptat Indigo Bunting, 2; White-throatedSparrow,2; Song fohageproduction wassuccessful. Despitethelackof live Sparrow, 2; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1.5; Hairy WoodDove, +; Corn. Flicker, +; Hairy Woodpecker, +; E. WoodPewee, +; BlueJay, +; Corn.Crow, +; Fish Crow,
trees,shrubnestingspecies wereplentifulbut no cavity pecker,1; Red-breastedNuthatch,1; BrownCreepr,1, Cowbird,1; Cardinal,1; PurpleFinch, 1, nesterswereyet established.This censuswascarriedout Brown-headed by 12 people from the Mahomet Bird Observatory. Chipping Sparrow, 1; Cooper'sHawk, +; Flicker, +, Nuthatch,+; HouseWren, +; Red-eyed Grateful thanksto the Dorr Foundationand the George White-breasted Volume31, Number 1
51
V•reo, +; ScarletTanager,+. Total: 34 species;107 ter-
2; Veery,2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Blackburnian Warbler,
ritorial males (645/km 2, 261/100 acres).Remarks: Nests
2; CanadaWarbler, 2; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Tufted Titmouse,1; White-breasted Nuthatch,1; Corn.Grackle,1,
found: Blue Jay, 1; Dark-eyed Junco, 1. Two young Barred Owls were seen in mid-June but their nest was not
thoughtto havebeenin the plot. This year,therewasa
Barred Owl, +; E. Wood Pewee, +; Corn. Crow, +, Black-throated Green Warbler, +; ScarletTanager, +
50% increasein Magnolia and Black-throatedGreen Warblers; a 75% increasein Golden-crownedKinglets;
Total: 19 species; 50 territorialmales(618/km2,250/100
and an 85% increase in Blackburnian
Owl, PileatedWoodpecker,DownyWoodpecker,Am Robin, Wood Thrush, Cedar Waxwing, SolitaryVireo, Cardinal, Swamp Sparrow, Song Sparrow.Remarks:
Warblers.
Total
numberof species and territorialmalesreacheda 3-year high. Appreciationto RobertPlacefor weatherdata. -ELIZABETH
W. BROOKS, Water Wells Rd., Alfred
Station, N.Y. 14803.
acres). Visitors: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Great Horned
One N. Waterthrush nest was located. -- DONALD B
SNYDER and DAVID STEADMAN, Dept. of Btology, EdinboroStateCollege,Edinboro,Pa. 16444.
61. HEMLOCK-BLACK ASH SWAMP. -- Location: 62. MOUNTAIN TOP, MIXED HARDWOOD AND Pennsylvania;Crawford Co., RockdaleTwp., 3 mi. E of WHITE PINE FOREST. w Location:Pennsylvama, CambridgeSpringsbetweenJohnstownRoad and State WestmorelandCo., 10 mi. SSW of Ligonlet,6 ml S of Route408, on Muddy Creek ResearchNatural Area, Erie Laughlintown in ForbesStateForestonthetopof Laurel Nat'l Wildlife Refuge;41ø47'N,80ø00'W,Millers Station Mountain;40ø07'18"N,79ø10'47"W,BakersvilleQuadQuadrangle,USGS.The areabeginsapproximately1000 rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1974; 3 conft SW of the confluenceof Muddy and FrenchCreeksto secutive years.Size:6.07ha = 15 acres(rectangular, 330 form a major AlleghenyR. tributary. Continuity:New. x 1980 ft, measured).Description of Plot: SeeAB 28 Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(1044 x 835 ft; rectangularand 1014(1974).Weather: Sunny,somecloudcover,mostly with the north-facingline lying12øW of true N; surveyed warm and clear. Coverage:June 5-7, 9, 12-13. Hours with compassand steel tape and divided into 30 two- 0500 to 0930, 1200 to 1300, and 1700 to 1930. Total third acre blocks).Descriptionof Plot: The dominant party-hours:20. Census:Red-eyedVireo, 5 (82, 33), canopy speciesare Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) and SolitaryVireo, 3.5 (58, 23); CanadaWarbler,3.5; Veery, Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis).Most prominent in the 3 (49, 20); Black-throatedBlue Warbler, 3; Rufous-s•ded understoryare Spicebush(Linderabenzoin)and Witch- Towhee, 3; Hermit Thrush, 2.5; Black-throated Green Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana). Poison Ivy (Rhus Warbler, 2; Dark-eyed Junco,2; Ovenbird, 1.5; Corn radtcans)vinesare rather widespread.The groundcover Yellowthroat,1.5; ScarletTanager,1; E. Wood Pewee, is primarily Cinnamon Fern (Osmundacinnamontea), 0.5; Black-cappedChickadee,0.5; Gray Catbird, 0 5, Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis), Royal Fern Wood Thrush, 0.5; Magnolia Warbler, 0.5; Red(Osmunda regalis), Skunk Cabbage ( Syntplocarpus shouldered Hawk,+; HairyWoodpecker, +; BlueJay,+, foetidus)and JewelWeed(Impatienssp.).A quantitative Corn. Crow, +; Rose-breasted Grosbeak,+; Ch•ppmg surveyof the vegetation gavethe followingresults:Trees Sparrow, +. Total: 23 species;34 territorial males 3-inches diameter and over, based on six 0.1-acre cir- (560/kmL 227/100 acres). -- R. CARRELL ABBOTT
cular samples,775/acre;total basalarea 177.0ft2/acre. (compiler),CarnegieMuseunt,Pittsburgh,Pa. 15213 Speciescomprising90% of the total number of trees: Black Ash, 229, 30, 22, 100; Hemlock, 225, 29, 28, 100; YellowBirch (Betulalutea); 110, 14, 11,100; Red Maple (Acer rubrum), 73, 9, 9, 100; White Pine (Pinus strobus), 45, 6, 17, 100; dead trees,65, 8, 7, 100. Treesby diameter sizeclass:A (3-6 in.) 556, 72, 55.6, 33; B (6-9 in.) 124, 16, 37 1, 21; C (9-15 in.) 87, 11, 69.5, 39; D (15-21 in.) 8, 1,
63. COASTAL
MIXED
PINE -- OAK FOREST.
--
Location: North Carolina; Brunswick Co., in Pinner's
Point,LongBeachon Oak Island,10 m W of Southport, 33ø55'N,78ø10'W,Lockwoods FollyQuadrangle, USGS
Continuity:Established1973; 4 consecutive years Size: 19.2 ha = 47.5 acres(rectangular,surveyedwith hand 15, 8. Shrubstems/acre7443;groundcover85%with 5% compassin units of 45.73 x 45.73 m; sectionedinto lots bare and the other 10% openwater. Water also covers for developmentas part of the city of Long Beach) 35% of the area with groundcoverand is presentin all Description of Plot: SeeAB 27:978-979 (1973) and 28 blocks in the area. Canopy cover 86%; averagecanopy 1015 (1974). Weather: Severedrought in March and height49 ft (range20-95).Edge:Borderedon all sidesby April, verywet Junewith total of 15 in. of rain; followed s•mllar habitat. Topography:Essentiallyflat, but with by a hot and humid July.Coverage:April 19, 23, 27, May numerousmoundsrising 1-2 ft abovewater level on 10, 13, 19, 25; June 2, 9, 18; July 9; between0553 and which many of the trees grow. The moundsare created 0858, EST. Total man-hours: 79.2. Census:Cardinal, 11 by theslowdecayof thebasalareaof previoustrees.New (7, 23); Great CrestedFlycatcher,9 (47, 19); Tufted Tittree growthstartson the moundsbeforethey are com- mouse,8 (42, 17); Red-belliedWoodpecker,6 (31, 13), pletelydecayedcausingmany of the treesto eventually Fish Crow, 6; Carolina Wren, 6; Blue Jay, 4 (21, 8), havepartially elevatedroot systems.Uprootedtreesare Blue-grayGnatcatcher,4; CarolinaChickadee,3 (16, 6), scatteredthroughout.The substrateis veryunstableand PineWarbler, 3; MourningDove,2.5; Corn.Flicker,2 5, travel is treacherous. Elevation: 1145 ft. Weather: TemSummerTanager, 2.5; Yellow-billedCuckoo,2; Downy peraturenormalbut muchdrierthan average.Coverage: Woodpecker,2; Painted Bunting, 2; Red-headedWoodApril 17, 21, 29; May 2, 20; June8, 10, 12, 15; between pecker,1.5; Bobwhite,1; Chuck-will's-widow, 1; Pileated 0530 and 0930 or 1900 and 2300. Total man-hours: 49. Woodpecker, 1; Brown-headed Nuthatch, 1; Brown Census:N. Waterthrush, 22 (272, 110); Black-capped Thrasher,1; Corn.Grackle,1; IndigoBunting,1. Total: Chickadee,5 (62, 25); BrownCreeper,4 (49, 20); Winter 24 species,82 territorial males or females (427/kmL Wren, 3 (37, 15); Great CrestedFlycatcher,2; Blue Jay, 173/100 acres). Remarks: Cardinals and Great Crested 52
AmericanB•rds,January,1977
Flycatchers are againthe mostabundantbreedingspe- and adjacentnorth-facingslopedrained by Tamarack cies Total of all speciesis back to the 1974level.Car- Brook. In the better-drainedupper slope sectionsthe dlnals, Great Crested Flycatchers,titmice, Bobwhites, overstory consistsof mixed conifers and hardwoods
Downy Woodpeckersand gnatcatchers (one feedinga cowbird),were seenwith young. Seventeencottages(2 morethan in 1975)and 2 beingbuilt are on the area. -SAMUEL R. and ISABEL H. TIPTON, 113 23rd St.,
S W, LongBeach,Southport,N.C. 28461.
dominatedby BalsamFir (Abiesbalsainca).Red Spruce (Picearubens)is lessimportanthere than in the lower portions,and hardwoods, represented mostlyby White Birch(Betulapapyrifera)and Red Maple (Acerrubrum), are common, with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) and
Yellow Birch (B. alleghaniensis) occasionallypresent 64. TAMARACK
BOG
AND
HARDWOOD.
--
Location: Michigan; Berrien Co., one mi. SW of
The stand is of mixed ages.The herbaceousunderstory here is dominated by Wood Sorrel (Oxalis montana), Bunchberry(Comuscanadensis),and Goldthread(Cop-
Stevensville in the Grand Mere State Park, 0.S mi. N of
tisgroenlandicurn). BalsamFir reproductionis excellent in someplacesand in the wetter down-slopesectionit BrldgmanQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: remainsdominant,but Red Sprucebecomesmoreprom8.5 ha = 21 acres(rectangular).Descriptionof Plot: See inent and the hardwoodslessso. Only occasionallydo AB 30:1049(1976).Coverage:May 23, 27, 30; June1, 6, White Birchand Red Maple persistinto the peatsoilsof 12-13, 16, 20; between0600 and 0900. Total man-hours: the wet bottomland. Toward the lower areas, woody 13 5 Weather:Clear on all tripswith fog onemorning; shrubsbecomemoreimportantin the understory, with temp.and rainfall normal.Census:BlueJay,3 (35, 14); LowbushBlueberry(Vacciniurnangustifoliurn),Wild Veery,3; CanadaWarbler,3; Great CrestedFlycatcher, Raisin (Viburnurn cassinoides)and Mountain Holly 2, Cardinal, 2; E. Wood Pewee,1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; (Nernopanthusrnucronata)becomingcommon.There GrayCatbird,1; WoodThrush,1; Corn.Yellowthroat,1; are occasionalloggedover areaswith no overstory,but ScarletTanager,1; White-breasted Nuthatch,0.S;Oven- BalsamFir and Red Spruceseedlings, 2 to 3 m in height bird, 0.S; Downy Woodpecker,+; Red-breastedNut- are abundant.Progressing towardthe wettersoils,Black hatch, +; Red-eyedVireo, +. Total: 16 species;20 ter- SpruceOPicearnariana) and Tamarack (Larix laricma) ritorial males (23S/kin 2, 95/100 acres). Remarks: Nests beginto appear,becomingcommonnearthe brook.The located: Wood Thrush, Scarlet Tanager. --ALBERT peat substratesupportsa morebog-likeunderstoryconMORSE, JAMES MULLINS (compiler),2558 Locust sisting,in someplaces,of a sphagnum groundcoverwith Lane, Stevensville, Mich. 4912Z Creeping Snowberry(Gaultheria hispidula). Pitcher plants (Saracenia purpurea) are scattered and 65. MIXED PINE-HARDWOOD FOREST. -- Loea. Labrador-tea (Ledurn groenlandicurn)is abundant in tion: Texas; Angelina Co., Angelina CollegeProperty, places.At the borderof the brook, a communitydom1 6 mi. S of intersectionof Loop 287 and US 59; inated by SpeckledAlder (Alnus rugosa)and sedges 31ø1734•N,94ø44'1•W,Lufkin Quadrangle,USGS.Con- (Carex spp.) replacesthe coniferousforest vegetation tinuity: Established1974; 3 consecutive years.Size:6.31 Edge: The N border is Tamarack Brook, with its ha = 15.6 acres(irregular,862.5 x 787.5 ft, laid out with associatedalder-sedgecommunity,beyond which the compass, steeltape, and level).Descriptionof Plot: See bottomland Black Spruce-Tamarackforest continues Willow Drive on Wishart Road; 41ø59'30"N,86ø33'W,
AB 28:1016 (1974). Weather: Three days had overcast
The S border is a continuation
of the mixed conifer-
skiesbut no precipitaiton;the remainingwereclearto hardwoodforest.Along the E and W edgesare mixed partlycloudy.Precipitation abovenormal,temperatures conifer-hardwoods on the upper slopes,and a Red rangedfrom 48ø to 66øF.Coverage:March 31; April 5, Spruce-Balsam Fir communityin the wetterdownslope 14, 19, 28; May 3, 14, 19, 27-28; between0700-1000 areas.Topography:S edge (at 1250 ft) slopesgently hours.Total man-hours:10.Census:White-eyedVireo, 9 (143, 58); Cardinal, 9; Carolina Wren, 6 (95, 38); Hooded Warbler, 3 (48, 19); Red-eyed Vireo, 2; Swainson's Warbler, 2; Kentucky Warbler, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Green Heron, 1; Blue Jay,1; Tufted Titmouse,1; Carolina Chickadee,1; SummerTanager, 1. Total: 13
toward the N border (1100 ft). Weather: Temperatures rangedfrom 29ø to 70øF.Coverage:May 17, 21, 24-25, 28; June 2-3, 5, 7-8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 22 25; 0500-0900 hours, EDT. Total: 57 man-hours. Census: Magnolia
Warbler, 10 (76, 31); Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 8 (61, 25), CapeMay Warbler,7 (53, 22); Ruby-crowned Kinglet,7, species;40 territorial males or females(634/km2, N. Parula,6 (46, 18); Golden-crowned Kinglet, 5 (38, 15), 256/100 acres). Remarks: Nests located: White-eyed Blackpoll Warbler, 4 (30, 12); N. Waterthrush, 4, Vireo; a cowbirdegg was found with four vireo eggs. Brown-headed Cowbird,4; White-throatedSparrow,4, Populationdensity increasedfrom 554/km2, 224/100 Red-breasted Nuthatch, 3 (23, 9); Black-throated Green acres in 1975 to 634/km :, 256/100 acres. -- CATHI Warbler,3; PurpleFinch,2.5; Winter Wren, 2; Nashville TURNEY and LOUIS DEBETAZ (compiler),Science Warbler, 2; Bay-breastedWarbler, 2; Ovenbird, 2, Dtvtsion,Angelina College,Lufkin, Texas75901. RuffedGrouse,1; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Yellowbellied Flycatcher, 1; Veery, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1, Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat, 1, 66. CONIFEROUS FOREST. -- Location:Vermont; Canada Warbler, 1. Total: 25 species;79.5 territorial Lamoille Co., 3.S mi. N of Wolcott; 44ø36'N,72ø26'W, males (604/km2, 245/100 acres). Visltars (average Hardwick Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: numberper 100 acres):BlueJay,3; Pine Siskin,3; Corn 13 15ha = 32.5acres(surveyed bytapeandcompass and Raven, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Am divided into 49 sub-plots; boundaries marked with Goldfinch, 1. Remarks: Nests found: Yellow-bellied aluminum plates painted with letters and numbers). Flycatcher, 1; Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; Winter Wren,
Deaeription of Plot: Situatedon the lowlyingpeatlands 1; N. Parula,1; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1; N. WaterVolume 31, Number 1
53
thrush, 1. Grateful acknowledgmentis made to Peter Marchand for writing the descriptionand to Mathew Luck for assistancein surveyingand censusing.-LARRY N. METCALF, Center for Northern Studies, Wolcott, Vt. 05680.
Remarks: Nests found: Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Tree
Swallow,2; Am. Robin, 4; PurpleFinch,2; Chipping Sparrow,11; Field Sparrow,1; SongSparrow,14. One SongSparrownestwasparasitized by cowbirds; a pair of Yellow-rumped Warblerswasobserved feedinga young cowbird.A flock of Red Crossbillswas noted on every
trip until June 12 but appearedto be enjoyingthe New York; ChautauquaCo.,0.72 mi. SE of Route5 and bumperconecrop rather than breedingin the plantaVan BurenRoadintersection on FredoniaAirport prop- tion. A combinationof increasedopenareasbetween erty, 42ø26'20"N,79ø23'24"W,Brocton Quadrangle, harvested trees with increased shrub and bramble USGS. Continuity: Established1975. Size: 5.26 ha = 13 growth,and an invasionof tentcaterpillars, contributed acres Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1104-1105(1975). to thehighnumberof territorialmalesanda recordhigh Many of the treeswerebrokenoff by a March ice storm. numberof speciesafter the recordlownumberslastyear Coverage:May 19-21, 27; June 12, 20, 22, 25; 0630-0800 Cardinaland MagnoliaWarbler werenewbreedingspeand 2000-2115. Total man-hours: 12. Census: Am. ciesin the plot. Appreciationto EddyFosterfor permisRobin, 3 (57, 23); Wood Thrush, 1.5; Am. Redstart, 1.5; sionto conductthe studyon his land; to RobertPlacefor Cardinal, 1; SongSparrow,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, weatherdata; and to Laura Brooksfor assistancein the 67. SCOTCH
PINE
PLANTATION.
--
Location:
W. BROOKS, Water Wells Rd , 0 5, Black-capped Chickadee, 0.5; Gray Catbird, 0.5; field. --ELIZABETH Indigo Bunting,0.5. Total: 9 species;10 territorial males Alfred Station,N.Y. 14803. (190/km 2, 77/100 acres). Remarks: Nests located: Am.
Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 1. Paul G. Kalka assistedwith
69. RED PINE-WHITE
PINE FOREST. -- Location:
the field work.Thiscensus wasfundedaspart of a larger Ontario;SimcoeCo., WasagaBeach,44ø29'N,80ø01'W, studyby NiagaraMohawk PowerCorporation.-- ROY W cornerof Lot 10, Concession 16, Sunnidale Township S SLACK, CATHIE A. BAUMGARTNER, and East.Can. D. of N. D. 41 A/BE. Continuity:New.Size: VINCENT J. LUCID, Terrestrial Environment Spe- 8.7 ha = 21.6 acres(820 x 1148ft. thombus,surveyed) c•ahsts,Inc., 8398 OswegoRoad, Liverpool,N.Y. 13088.
Descriptionof Plot: The dominant tree coveris Red Pine (Pinusresinosa)and White Pine (P. strobus).Individual
68. UPLAND SCOTCH PINE PLANTATION. -White Spruce (Picea glauca) and small clustersof Location: New York; Allegany Co., 2 mi. WSW of BalsamPoplar(Populus balsamifera) arepresent.Most Alfred, borderingon the W sideof Lake Road, adjacent prominentin the understory is saplingWhite Pinewith to the evergreenplantingson the E sideof FosterLake; somesaplingRed Oak (Quercusrubru). Ground cover
42ø7'30"N, 77ø45'W,AndoverQuadrangle,USGS. Con- consists of Blueberrysp. (Vacciniumangustifolium, V tinulty: Established 1969; 8 consecutiveyears. Size: lamarckii),Huckleberry(Gaylussacia baccata),SpreadApproximately9.3 ha = 23 acres(roughlyrectangular; ing Juniper(Juniperuscommunis),Bracken(pteridtum 1881 ft in length,varyingin width from 209 ft at the N aquillnum)and lichens(Cladoniasp.).The SW quarter end to 627 ft at the S end,measuredwith tape and com- wassubjectedto a groundfire in 1973whichdestroyed pass, and divided into one-acreplots). Descriptionof theunderstory layerandreduced ground cover. A quanPlot: SeeAFN 23:743-744(1969).Last fall, 50 Christmas titative surveyof the vegetationgave the following treeswereharvested from a sectionof Blue Spruceat the results:Trees 3-inchesdiameter and over,basedon four
southendof the plantation.Increasinggrowthof shrubs and bramblesbetweenthe harvestedtreesis providing significanthabitatchange.Most of the remainingtrees, too tall and/or misshapento be soldas Christmastrees, are not being used any more as nest sites.However,the
stubsof previouslyharvestedtreeshavenow sentup a dense,low secondgrowthwhich is providingexcellent sitesfor Field, Chippingand late-season SongSparrow nestings.Weather: Alfred CooperativeWeather Station data indicatesthat temperatures during May and June were generallywarmer than the 57-yearaverages,but that precipitationwas near normal. A 1%-inch snowfall occurredin May. Coverage:May 5, 12-13,20, 24; June1, 8, 12, 17, 22, 27; July 17, 22, 27; 0900-1515,EDT, with one trip at dusk. Total man-hours:23. Census:Song Sparrow,28 (301, 122);ChippingSparrow,21 (226, 91);
thombusplots(11ø7o of studyarea),IlS/acre; total basal area45.1 ft2/acre.Speciescomprising 90ø70 of the total numberof trees,Red Pine 63, 55, 83, 100; White Pine 39,
34, 14,75; deadtrees10,8, 2, 100.Treesbydiametersize class:A (3-6 in.) 43, 37, 6, 100; B (6-9 in.) 44, 38, 20, 100, C (9-15in.) 29, 25, 25, 50. Shrubstems/acre N/A; ground cover 65% (estimated);canopy cover 30ø70(estimated),
averagecanopyheightestimatedat 40 ft (range1S-SS) Edge:Borderedto the E and W by similarvegetation, to theN vegetation composition changes to clusters of sapling White Pinein "sandprairie" and to the S thereare scattered mature White Pine and Red Oak with under-
storyof saplingWhite Pine. Topography:Undulating sanddunes,low in N (averagingS-ft ridges)increasingin heightand abruptness to S. Ridgeshavea generalN-S orientation. Elevation: 625 ft in the S to 650 ft in the N
Com Yellowthroat,8 (86, 35);Field Sparrow,7 (75, 30); Weather:Cooldamp weather,brokenby a few hot dry CedarWaxwing,6 (64, 26); Am. Robin,S (54, 22); Purple spellsin May andJune;damperandcoolerthanaverage Finch, S; Brown-headedCowbird (females),4 (43, 17); Coverage:May 31; June3, 5-6, 12, 15, 20, 22; July2, Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; Am. Woodcock, 3 (32, 13); Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 3; Black-billedCuckoo,2; Tree
dawn-1100 or 1700-1900 hours. Total man-hours
38
Swallow,2; MagnoliaWarbler,2; E. Kingbird,1; Alder Flycatcher,1; BrownThrasher,1; Cardinal, 1; Vesper Sparrow, 1; Bobolink, +; Red-wingedBlackbird, +; Gray Catbird, +; Henslow's Sparrow, +. Total: 23
row, 4.5; House Wren, 4 (46, 19); Brown-headedCowbird (females),3 (34, 14); Purple Finch, 2.5; Com
Census:LeastFlycatcher,4.5 (S1,21); ChippingSpar-
Nighthawk,2; E. Kingbird,2; CedarWaxwing,2; Am Goldfinch,2; MourningDove,1.S;GrayCatbird,1.5, N species;105 territorial males(1128/km:, 457/100 acres). Oriole, 1.5; Rufous-sided Towhee,1.5; Field Sparrow,
54
American Birds,January, 1977
1 5, Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1;
Blue-grayGnatcatcher,1; White-throatedSparrow,1; E.
light sprinklingon one, clear otherwise.Temperatures rangedfrom 44øto 67øF,averaging55'. Winds werehght
Wood Pewee,0.5; Red-eyedVireo, 0.5; Blue Jay,+; Am. Robxn, +. Total: 22 species;39 territorial males or females (446/km 2, 181/100 acres). Remarks: Thirteen nestswere located:Mourning Dove, E. Kingbird, Least
thereafter.
Flycatcher(3), HouseWren (3), Blue-grayGnatcatcher, CedarWaxwing(2), PurpleFinch,Rufous-sided Towhee. This studyis part of a multi-yearresourceinventoryconductedin WasagaBeachProvincialPark. Specialthanks
Warbler, 10 (169, 68); SongSparrow,5 (84, 34); Whitethroated Sparrow,4 (68, 27); Lincoln'sSparrow,3 (51, 21); Cedar Waxwing,2; Corn.Yellowthroat,1.5; Cape May Warbler, 1; Mallard, 0.5; Corn. Snipe,0.5; Alder
or negligible.Coverage:May 29; June2, 4-5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 26; July 5; 0530-0700 or 0720-0955. Four to seven observersper count through June 16, one observer Total
man-hours:
78.
Census: Nashville
to the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resourcesand the Flycatcher,0.5; Boreal Chickadee,0.5; Hermit Thrush, staff at Wasaga Beach Provincial Park who established 0.5; Golden-crownedKinglet, 0.5; Ruby-crownedKrugand supportedthis project.Thanksin particularto Jim let, 0.5; Red-eyedVireo, 0.5; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, Parker, Bill Combdon, Jim Dales, Robert Wilkie, and 0.5; Swamp Sparrow, 0.5; Yellow-rumped Warbler, +, Rich Grier. PETER H. VAN STAM. P.O. Box 431, Blackburnian Warbler, +; Ovenbird, +; Red-winged Elmvale, Ontario, LOœ 1PO, Canada. Blackbird+. Total: 21 species;31.5 territorial and nonterritorial males (532/km2, 215/100 acres). Visitors: Merlin, Am. Robin, Black-and-white Warbler, Golden70. BLACK
SPRUCE-TAMARACK
BOG. --
Loca-
tion.. Michigan; Iron Co., SE3Aof NW¬ of Sect. 5, T44N, R37W; 46ø15'N, 88ø58'W, BeechwoodQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 5.9 ha = 14.63 acres(rectangular,850 x 750 ft, flaggedas a grid of 272
wingedWarbler, N. Waterthrush, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Evening Grosbeak, Dark-eyed Junco. Remarks: Nests found: Mallard, Corn. Snipe, Hermit Thrush,
CedarWaxwing(2), NashvilleWarbler, Lincoln'sSparrow,SongSparrow(3).If countshadterminatedpriorto squares 50 x 50 ft each,measured by tapeandcompass). June 16, Cedar Waxwingswouldhavebeen considered Descriptionof Plot; The interiortwo-thirdsof the plot is visitors.Speciesrepresentedby one or fewer "territories" a falriy uniform stand of denseBlack Spruce(Picea reflect edge or upland habitats, exceptfor the Mallard, martana).The peripheryis more open, with scattered snipe,and HermitThrushwhichall nestedonSphagnum sprucesand Tamaracks(Larix laricina)and infrequent hummocks.Specialthanksto L. Hertz and R. M. Anderpatches ofwillows(Salixspp.)andSpeckled Alder(Alnus son for directingstudentparticipationon many counts rugosa).The NE and SE comersare dry upland,featur- and for assistingwith plot layout and vegetationsaming largeBlack Spruce,E. White Pine (Pinusstrobus), pling respectively.Censusvisitswere made by members BalsamFir (Abiesbalsainca),Quaking Aspen(Populus of the Camp Filibert Roth(Univ. of Mich.) field ornitholtremuloides), and typicalnorthernhardwoods; lessthan ogy class: J. Anderson,J. Applebaum, J. Balliet, R. 10% Is upland.Trees,3-inchesdiameterand over,based Bayer, H. Blake, R. Braus, T. Casella, V. Dupler, C. on ten randomly located 0.1-acre square samples, Eckstein,D. Herter, J. Hovis,C. Kibler, T. Legeret,W 123/acre; total basal area 9.55 ft2/acrc; listed in order by Oberhue, M. Seerest,L. Sollenberger,D. Weiner, W number of trees/acre, relative density (%), relative Wilson. -- W. L. ANDERSON, Camp Filibert, Iron dominance(%), and frequency:Black Spruce,101, 82, River, Mich. 49935. 72, 90, Tamarack, 17, 14, 24, 70; dead Black Spruce,5, 4, 4, 40. Treesby diametersizeclass(trees/acre,relative 71. BLACK SPRUCE-TAMARACK BOG H. -density,basalareain ftWacre,relativedominance:A (3-6 tn) 121, 98, 9.1, 95; B (6-9 in.) 2, 2, 0.5, 5; only Location:Michigan; Iron Co., NW¬ of SE¬ of Sect 28, Tamaracksgreater than 6-in. diameter. Smaller trees, T45N, R36W; 46ø16'N,88ø49'W,KentonQuadrangle, lessthan 3-in. diameterbut greaterthan 6 ft in height, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 6.22 ha = 15.38 acres (a basedonten0.1-acresquaresamples(stems/acre): Black square800x 800ft witha 100-ftstriprunning300ft N-S Spruce459,Tamarack277,deadBlackSpruce37 (most alongthe SE corner;flaggedasa gridof 268squares50 x averaged8-12ft tall). Shrubs(woodystemslessthan 6 ft 50 ft each,measuredby tape and compass). Description tall), based on ten 0.01-acre strips (stems/acre):Black
of Plot: Dense Tamarack (Larix laricina) and Black
Spruce1830, Tamarack 360, willow (Salix spp.) 230. Groundcover100%,composed chieflyof Sphagnumand
Spruce (Picea mariana) in the SE corner, grading to fairiy openbogwith smallTamaracksto the N and W, Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), with smaller with essentiallyopenbog mat from northcentralto NW •uqp•t•ties ofLabrador-tea (Ledurn groenlandicum), Bog The NE cornerhasdensesedges(Carexspp.),Speckled RoseMary (Andromeda glaucophylla), PaleLaurel (Kal- Alder (Alnus rugosa), and Bog Birch (Betula ratapolifolia), Small Cranberry(Vacciniumoxycoccus), glandulifera),with more aldersand somewillows(Sahx blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium and V. myrtil- spp.) in the SW and SE corners.Trees, 3-in. diameter lotdes),cottongrass (Eriophorumspp.),LargerBlue Flag and over,basedon ten 0.1-acresquaresamples,20/acre, (Ins versicolor),and Three-leaved False SolomoWs-seal total basal area 1.90 ft2/acre; listedin order by number (Smdacinatrifolia).Edge:Someopenbogextendsto the of trees/acre, relative density (%), relative dominance N and E, with mixed conifer-hardwoodforest on the NE, (%), and frequency:Black Spruce,17, 85, 91, 40; TamaSE, and to the W. Recently logged aspen-fir upland rack, 3, 15, 9, 30; all trees less than 6-in. diameter approaches the NW. A gravelroad50-100fi southof the Smallertrees,lessthan 3-in. diameterbut greaterthan 6 plot and essentiallyparallel to it separatesthe spruce- ft in height, based on ten 0.1-acre square samples tamarack bog from open, wet Leatherleaf "muskeg". (stems/acre):Tamarack 204, Black Spruce 84 (most Topography: Flat, rising slightly on upland corner. average7-8 ft tall). Shrubs(woodystemslessthan 6 ft Elevation:1650 ft. Weather..Cloud coveron five days, tall), based on ten 0.01-acre strips (stems/acre):Black Volume 31, Number 1
55
Spruce936, Tamarack2%, SpeckledAlder360,Mountain Holly (Nemopanthus mucronatus)20, groundcover 100ø70,chiefly Sphagnum and Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphnecalyculata), with smallerquantitiesof Labradortea (Ledurngroenlandicum), BogRosemary (Andromeda glaucophylla),Pale Laurel (Kalmia polifolia), Small Cranberry(Vacciniumoxycoccus ), blueberry(Vaccinium spp), sedge(Carexspp.),and cottongrass (Eriophorum spp). Edge:The S sideadjoinsa wideband of dense alder.The E edgegradesinto densealder,BlackSpruce,
ativedominance(%), and frequency:Black Spruce,17, 65, 45, 40; dead Black Spruce,6, 23, 35, 20; Tamarack, 3, 12, 20, 30; all trees lessthan 6-in. diameter. Smaller
trees, lessthan 3-in. diameterbut greaterthan 6-ft m height, based on ten O.l-acre square samples (stems/acre):Black Spruce 333, Tamarack 50, dead Black Spruce 22 (most averaged8-10 ft tall). Shrubs (woodystemslessthan 6 ft tall), basedon ten O.01-acre strips(stems/acre):BlackSpruce1670,Tamarack130 A 100-200ft wide peninsulaof tall (30-40ft) Black Spruce, Tamarack, and Balsam Fir (Abiesbalsainca),givingway Tamarack, Quaking Aspen (Populustremuloides),and to uplandforestof spruce-fir,aspen(Populusspp.),and BalsamFir (Abiesbalsainca)juts into the N sideof the northernhardwoods. The W and N sidesare flankedby a plot for 300 ft. Ground cover100%, mainly Sphagnum continuationof bog habitat, approximately25 acres mosses,often consolidated into low hummockshaving more, much of it open,treelessmat. No openwater is Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphnecalyculata),Labrador-tea nearby.Topography:Flat. Elevation:1550ft. Weather: (Ledurngroenlandicum), Pale Laurel(Kalmiapohfoha), Warm and dry throughoutperiod.Temperaturesranged Bog Rosemary(Andromedaglaucophylla),and cottonfrom 40ø-75øF. Cloudyfour visits,sprinkledonce,other- grass(Eriophorumspp.).Edge:Bogcontinuesfor several wiseclear. Wind slightor none on all but one morning. hundredfeet to the E, S, and SW. The W edgetouches Coverage: May 17,29; June2, 4, 8, 10-12,17,24, 28; July spruce-firforest and the N edgefacesnorthernhard3; between0530-0715, and 0715-1120, 1930-2030.Total woodsand aspen.Topography:Flat. Elevation: 1685 ft man-hours:81. Census:Song Sparrow,9.5 (155, 62); Weather:The skywasovercast twice,partlycloudyonce, NashvilleWarbler, 6 (97, 39); Golden-wingedWarbler, and dear eight times. Temperaturesranged from 4 5 (72, 29); White-throatedSparrow,3.5 (56, 23); Cedar 40ø-70øF,averaging55ø.Winds werelight or negligible Waxwing,3 (48, 20); Corn.Yellowthroat,2; Alder Fly- Coverage:May 29; June2-8, 10, 12, 23, 30; July 5, 0530catcher, 1.5; Chestuut-sidedWarbler, 1.5; Savannah 0900, 1925-1950.Six observers on most countsthrough Sparrow, 1.5; Lincoln's Sparrow, 1.5; Yellow-bellied June 12. Total man-hours:54.7. Census:SongSparrow, Flycatcher,1; SwampSparrow,0.5; Great CrestedFly- 4 (60, 24); NashvilleWarbler, 2; White-throatedSparcatcher,+; BorealChickadee,+; Golden-crownedKing- row, 2; Lincoln'sSparrow,2; Ycllow-rumpedWarbler, let, +; Ruby-crownedKinglet, +; Solitary Vireo, +; 1.5; Palm Warbler, 1.5; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 1, Am Black-and-whiteWarbler, +; Cape May Warbler, +; Robin, 0.5; Hermit Thrush,0.5; CedarWaxwing,0 5, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, +; Purple Finch,+. Total: 21 Corn. Yellowthroat, 0.5; Yellow-belliedFlycatcher,+, species; 36 territorial and non-territorial males Olive-sidedFlycatcher,+; GrayJay,+; Golden-crowned (578/km2, 234/100 acres). Visitors: Sharp-shinned Kinglet, +; BlackburuianWarbler, +; Purple Finch, +, Hawk, Marsh Hawk, Am. Kestrel,Corn.Snipe,Chimney Dark-eyedJunco,+; ChippingSparrow,+. Total: 19 Swift, Corn. Flicker, Downy Woodpecker,Olive-sided species; 16 territorial and non-territorial males Flycatcher, Tree Swallow, Gray Jay, Blue Jay, Red- (238/km•, 96/100 acres).Visitors:ChimneySwift, Corn breasted Nuthatch, Brown Thrasher, Am. Robin, Palm Flicker, Great CrestedFlycatcher,Tree Swallow,OvenWarbler, Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Remarks: Nests bird, Brown-headed Cowbird, Savannah Sparrow found: CedarWaxwing(4), Corn.Yellowthroat,White- Remarks:Of the marginalspeciesmarkedby + signs, throated Sparrow,SongSparrow(3). This censuswas a the Yellow-belliedFlycatcherand Gray Jaysare typical cooperative projectof the Univ. of Mich. CampFilibert of boghabitat;the otherswerepickedup asedgespecies Roth. Participants:R. Anderson,A. Benshoff,B. Bour- Nests found: Hermit Thrush, White-throated Sparrow, assa, J. Day, M. Faris, C. Hance, J. Kalenak, M. SongSparrow.Censusvisitswere madeby membersof McGoorty, J. Murray, M. Peczynski,W. Reiter, E. Rid- the CampFilibertRoth(Univ.of Mich.)fieldornithology derling, D. Ruppert, S. Silberg,E. Skillings,H. Steele, class: J. Bory, S. Bosak, M. Daniels, V. Denman, D D Streiff, and B. Wismer. A. Sheckcoordinatedmuch of Droste, G. Eggemeyer,R. Forte, M. Hackel, J. Herbert, the studentparticipationand, alongwith M. Yamasaki, R. Kirk, S. Kocis, V. Macer, K. Noble, H. Patterson,S attended most counts. -- W. L. ANDERSON, Camp Richard,C. Smitka,J. Sullivan.Specialthanksto Harold Fthbert Roth, Iron River, Mich. 49935. Steelefor coordinatingand assistingwith the student participationin the countsand to R. M. Andersonfor
help in vegetationsampling.-- W. L ANDERSON, Camp Fillbert Roth, Iron River, Mich. 49935. 72. SEMI-OPEN
BLACK
SPRUCE
BOG.
--
Loca-
tion: Michigan; GogebicCo., NE¬ of Sect. 6, T44N, 73. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT AND SWAMP. -R38W, Phelps Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size:6.71 ha = 16.59acres(square,850 x 850ft, flagged Location: Connecticut; Fairfield Co., Newtown, interasa grid of 289 squares50 x 50 ft each,measuredby tape sectionof Route 34 and Zoar Road; 41ø24'N, 73ø14'W, and compass).Descriptionof Plot: Black Spruce(Picea SouthburyQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established mariana) and to a lesserextent Tamarack (Larix laricina) 1%8; 9 consecutiveyears. Size: 14.16 ha = 35 acres are scatteredovermostof the plot, with spruce(15-30ft (irregular, greatestdimensions653 x 364 yards, surtall) fairly densein the SE quarter.Trees,3-in. diameter veyed).Descriptionof Plot: SeeAFN 22:714-715 (1968) and over,basedon ten randomlylocated0. l-acre square Coverage:May 20, 22-23, 29-31; June3-5, 10-11, 13, 17, samples,26/acre; total basal area, 1.17 ft2/acre; listedin 24, 26-27; July 1, 3-4; 0450-1230 or 1530-1945, EDT order by number of trees/acre, relativedensity (%), re1- Total man-hours:38. Census:Ovenbird,17 (120, 49),
56
AmericanBirds,January,1977
Veery, 10 (71, 29); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 8.5 (60, 24); Red-eyedVireo, 8 (56, 23); Wood Thrush, 7.5 (53, 21); Corn Flicker, 6 (42, 17); Black-and-white Warbler, 6; Rose-breasted Grosbeak,6; ScarletTanager,5 (35, 14); Blue Jay,4 (28, 11); Am. Robin, 4; E. Wood Pewee,3 (21, 9), Black-cappedChickadee, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 3; White-breastedNuthatch, 3; Gray Catbird, 3; BluewingedWarbler, 3; Corn.Yellowthroat,3; N. Oriole, 3; Cardinal,3; Hairy Woodpecker,2; DownyWoodpecker, 2, HouseWren, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2 (females); IndigoBunting,2; RuffedGrouse,1; MourningDove, 1; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher,1; E. Phoebe,1; E. Bluebird, 1; Starling, 1; Chipping Sparrow,1; Brown Thrasher, 0.5. Total: 34 species, 127.5 territorial males or females (900/km2, 364/100 acres).Remarks: Comparedwith 1975, there was a net gain of 4 speciesand a rise of 7 in total
Winged Sumac(Rhuscopallina)form a 25 ft canopyin the Thicket.Edge:Borderedon the E by Red Pineplantations, a pond, and deciduousforest; on the W by the backyardsof adjacenthomes;on the S by a powerline right-of-wayand deciduous forest;on the N by Gallows Lane. Topography:Varied, includingswamps,a ravine, ledges,and exposedrock outcroppings. Elevation:200 ft (average).Weather: Mild throughout,with somewhat subnormalrainfall. Coverage:May 24-26, 28-29; June1, 3-4, 8-11, 14, 16, 18,21-22,25; mosttrips530-1030,some during all hours (0500-2230).Total man-hours: 75 Census:Oak-Hemlock Forest: Gray Catbird, 10 (43, 18), Veery, 9 (39, 16); HouseWren, 8.5 (37, 15); Rufous-sided Towhee,7 (30, 12); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 6 (26, 11), Tufted Titmouse, 5 (22, 9); Wood Thrush, 5; Ovenbird, 5; ScarletTanager,5; GreatCrestedFlycatcher,4 (17, 7), Red-eyedVireo, 4; N. Oriole, 4; Blue Jay, 2; Blackindividuals.In the span 1973-76,Wood Thrushnum- cappedChickadee,2; Com. Yellowthroat,2; Cardinal, bered 13, 8, 14, 7.5; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 12, 14, 10, 8.5 1.5; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; E Thanks to Charles Hills for observations at dusk. -Phoebe, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Am. Robin, 1; WhiteLAURA H. MOSELEY, 1083 Hillsboro Beach, Pomeyed Vireo, 1; Blue-winged Warbler, 1; Louisiana pano Beach,Fla. 33062. Waterthrush,1; Red-wingedBlackbird,1; IndigoBunting, 1; HoodedWarbler,0.5. Total: 27 species;90.5 ter74. OAK-HEMLOCK FIELDS
AND
FOREST,
SHRUBLAND.
--
SEMI-OPEN Location:
Con-
necticut; New London Co., Bolleswood Natural Area of
the Conn. Arboretumof Conn.College,New London,S. of Gallows Lane; 41ø22'N, 72ø7'W, UncasvilleQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity:Established1955 (1953); 11 intermittent years.Size: Oak-Hemlock Forest:23.1 ha = 57 acres (planimeter analysisof tracing from aerial photograph);Semi-openfields and shrubland:6.5 ha = 16 1 acres(planimeter).Descriptionof Plot: SeeAFN 9 429-430 (1955), and AB 26:962-965 (1972); OakHemlock Forest: In 1953 this area consistedof eight vegetationcover-types,with the following acreages: TransitionForest(youngdeciduousforestcharacterized by Greenbrier[Smilaxspp.]shrublayer)-24.7acres(10.0 ha), Oak Forest-11.3acres(4.6 ha); HardwoodsForest5.2 acres(2.1 ha); Oak-Hemlock Forest-6.15acres(2.5 ha), Hemlock-Hardwoods Forest-6.15acres(2.5 ha); Red Maple Bog-2.3 acres(0.9 ha); Semi-openBog-0.7acres (0.3 ha); and Thicket-0.5 acres(0.2 ha). In 1976, there
ritorial males (392/km 2, 159/100 acres). Census:Semi-
OpenFields and Shrublands:Gray Catbird, 7 (107,43), Corn.Yellowthroat,4 (61, 25); Red-eyedVireo, 3 (46, 19), Blue-winged Warbler, 3; Rufous-sided Towhee, 3, Black-cappedChickadee,2; House Wren, 2; Veery, 2, White-eyedVireo, 2; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 2; Am Redstart, 2; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 1.5; N. Oriole, 1 5,
Cardinal, 1.5; Blue Jay, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak,1; Hooded Warbler, 0.5; Carolina Wren, +; Starling, +; Yellow Warbler, +; House Sparrow, +. Total: 23 species;41 territorial males (629/km•; 255/100 acres).Remarks: Oak-
occurred.There are some40 ft oaks and Black Cherry
Hemlock Forest: Breedingpairs on this site have averaged 107 during the elevenyears of the census.This yeaifs 90.5 pairs were below the average, as were the 104.5of the last census(1973).A total of 51 specieshas beenrecordedbreedingduring at leastoneof the 11 censuses;average,26 species.Fourteenspeciescan be consideredto be common-to-abundant, averagingfrom 2 to 12 pairs.Gray Catbird, Veery,Black-and-whiteWarbler, Wood Thrush,Blue Jay,and Corn.Yellowthroatwereall near their 11-year averages.House Wren (8.5 pairs in 1976 versus4 pairs average),ScarletTanager(5 vs. 3), and Great Crested Flycatcher (4 vs. 2) were above average.Rufous-sidedTowhee(7 vs. 12),Red-eyedVireo (4 vs. 11),Ovenbird(5 vs.9), Black-capped Chickadee(2 vs. 4), and Hooded Warbler (0.5 vs. 6) were below their 11-yearaverages.The Red-eyedVireo and HoodedWarbler have shownsteady,long-termpopulationdeclines The Red-eyedVireopopulationdroppedfrom 17 pairsin 1964 to 4 pairs in 1967 and has remained at that low level. The HoodedWarbler has showna steadydecline from a high of 17 pairs in 1959. Nine specieshavebeen recordedas breedingonly once on this site: only the IndigoBuntingwasaddedin 1976.The TuftedTitmouse andthe N. Oriolewereremarkablefor their highpopulationsin 1976;recordedin 1972:titmousepopulationsin the 10 previouscensuses totaledonlysix pairs; the oriole was first recordedin 1972. A major differencebetween this censusand those of early years (1953-1964) is a drasticdeclinein the numberand diversityof breeding
(Prunusserotina)in the Semi-openFields;cherryand
warblers. The Black-and-white
was no thicket habitat left in this area. The other cover-
typeswererepresented by the followingacreages: Transition Forest-22.9 acres (9.3 ha); Oak Forest-9.9 acres (4 ha), HardwoodsForest-3.6acres(1.5 ha); Oak-Hemlock Forest-11.1 acres (4.5 ha); Hemlock-Hardwoods Forest-
6 5 acres(2.6 ha); Red Maple Bog and Semi-openBog, same as above.The only major changein thesecovertype designationswas the expansionof the OakHemlock Forest from 6.15 acres to 11.1 acres. Within
eachof the cover-types, the trend wastowardincreasing stem basal area of the shade-toleranttrees,especially Hemlockandtheoaks,anda declinein thedensityof the shrubstratum,especiallyin the Hemlockareas.SemiOpenFieldsandShrublands:In 1953,this areaconsisted of twovegetationcover-types: Open and semi-openfields covered5.8 acres(2.3 ha), and thicketscovered10.3 acres (4 2 ha). In 1976,thesetypescoveredonly2 acres(0.8 ha) each Transition Forest covered12.1 acres(4.9 ha). Even
withinthe¾over-types that arestilldesignated Semi-open Fieldsand Thicket, much vegetationdevelopmenthas
Volume 31, Number 1
Warbler
and the Oven-
57
bird have remained common; however, the Blackthroated Green Warbler, Canada Warbler and Am.
Redstart, all formerly common, are now absent. An
Established1975. Size: 9.3 ha = 23 acres(L-shaped, planimetered).Description of Plot: See AB 29 1113 (1975).Weather: Generallywarm, rain on one morning Coverage:May 20, 22, 24; June 9, 13, 17, 23, 26, 29,
averageof 8.5 warblerspecies totalling45 breedingpairs eachyear was recordedfor the first five censuses. Five 0630-0930 and 1850-2030. Total man-hours: 15. Census: speciesaveraging16 breedingpairs a year have been Yellow Warbler, 26 (279, 113); Gray Catbird, 11 (118, recordedfor the last six censuses. Semi-openfields and 48); Willow Flycatcher, 10 (107, 45); Red-winged shrublands:This sitehasaveraged45 pairsof 16 species Blackbird,9 (97, 39); Corn.Yellowthroat,7 (75, 30), Song dunng the 11 censuses. A total of 42 specieshas been Sparrow,5 (54, 22); Am. Robin, 2.5; BrownThrasher,2, recordedas breedingon the site. Forty-onebreeding Corn. Grackle, 2; Cardinal, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2, pairs in 1976 is quite closeto the averageup from 29 Field Sparrow, 2; Wood Thrush, 1; Brown-headed pairsin 1973.The unusuallyhightotal of 23 species this Cowbird,1; Mourning Dove,0.S. Total: 1S species,83 year includes5 specieson only partial territories.Red- territorial males (892/km:, 361/100 acres). Remarks: eyedVireo (3 pairsin 1976)hasbecomemuchmorecom- Yellow Warbler populationhas doubledsincelast year mon in the past three censuses as the foresthasdevel- This censuswasfundedby NiagaraMohawkPowerCoroped. Rufous-sidedTowhee (3 pairs in 1976 vs. 6 poration as part of a larger study.-- CATHIE A and ROY S. SLACK, Terrestrtal average),Chestnut-sided Warbler (1.5 vs. 3.5), and Corn. BAUMGARTNER Yellowthroat (4 vs.6) wereall belowtheir averagelevels. Environmental Specialists,Inc., 8398 Oswego Road, The towheelowwasuniquefor thisyear;thetwowarbler Liverpool,N.Y. 13088. lowsare mostlikely a resultof vegetation development 77. SHRUB COMMUNITY H. t Location: New that is replacingtheir openthickethabitatwith forest. Field Sparrow,Prairie Warbler, and Am. Goldfinch,all York; ChautauquaCo.,Erie LakePlain,tA mile N of the formerlycommon,havedisappeared, apparentlyowing East Middle Road RR trestle; 42ø32'3YN, 79ø12'30'W, to thevegetation development. FieldSparrowwasabsent Silver Creek Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Estabin 1976for the first time. I thank William Nieringand lished 1975. Size: 8.9 ha = 22 acres (rectangle, William Barry, co-advisersfor the census;the Connect- planimetered).Description of Plot: See AB 29 11131cut Arboretum for financial support; and Joan 1114 (1975). Weather: Generally warm, rain on one Zaprzalka and George Hebard. -- GREGORY S. morning.Coverage:May 20, 24; June9, 11, 1S, 17, 2S, BUTCHER, Box 45, ConnecticutCollege,New London, 27, 28; 061S-0930 and 200S-2110. Total man-hours 1S Conn. 06320. Census:YellowWarbler, 9 (101,41); Gray Catbird, 6 (67, 27); Rufous-sided Towhee,S.S (62, 2S); Blue-winged Warbler, 4 (4S, 18); Corn.Yellowthroat,4; SongSpar75. UPLAND BRUSHY PASTURE. -- Location: row,4; Cardinal,2.S;FieldSparrow,2; BrownThrasher, Connecticut;Litchfield Co., White Memorial Founda- 1.S; Indigo Bunting, 1.S; Willow Flycatcher,1, Am tion, Litchfield; 41ø42'50'N, 73ø13'28•W, Litchfield Robin, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird,1, Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1965; 10 Red-headedWoodpecker,0.S; Red-wingedBlackbird, intermittentyears.Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acresparallel- 0.S Total: 16 species;4S territorial males (S05/km:, ogram).Descriptionof Plot: SeeAFN 19:609-610(1965). 20S/100acres).Remarks:This censuswas fundedby Coverage:May 23; June 5-6, 8-9, 13; 0500-2200. Total NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation as part of a larger man-hours: 25. Census:Gray Catbird, 10 (118, 48); study.- VINCENT J. LUCID, PAUL G. KALKA, and Blue-winged Warbler, 7 (82, 33); Rufous-sided Towhee, ROY S. SLACK (compiler),TerrestrialEnvironmental 7, Corn.Yellowthroat, 6 (71, 29);SongSparrow,6; Field Specialists,Inc., 8398 OswegoRoad, Liverpool, N Y Sparrow,5 (59, 24); Am. Woodcock,4 (47, 19); Cedar 13088. Waxwing,4; Red-eyedVireo,3 (35, 14);Am. Redstart,3; Am Goldfinch,3; Blue Jay, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Nash78. MOUNTAIN TOP BOG WITH MIXED HARDville Warbler, 2; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 2; Prairie WOOD AND EVERGREEN EDGE. -- Location: Warbler, 2; Brown-headedCowbird,2; Black-capped Pennsylvania; Westmoreland Co.,10mi. SSWof LlgonChickadee, 1.5; Veery, 1.5; Brown Thrasher, 1; Am. ier, 6 mi. $ of Laughlintown in ForbesStateForestonthe Robin,1; Cardinal,1; IndigoBunting,1; RuffedGrouse, top of Laurel Mountain; 40ø07'2(YN, 79ø10•28'W, 0 5, Black-billedCuckoo,0.5; E. Kingbird,0.5; House BakersvilleQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established Wren, 0.5; Black-and-white Warbler, 0.5; Yellow-billed 1974; 3 consecutive years.Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(recCuckoo,+; Yellow-throatedVireo, +; Warbling Vireo, tangular,500 x 1307 ft, with irregularopenbog areas +, Ovenbird, +; N. Oriole, +; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, surroundedby mature edge,measuredand calculated). + Total: 34 species;79.5 territorial males(935/km:, Description of Plot: SeeAB: 28:1027 (1974). Weather: 379/100acres).Remarks:Habitat continues to undergo Sunny, some cloud cover, mostly warm and clear rapid changefrom open, grazed pastureto hardwood Coverage:June S-7, 9, 12-13; 0500-0930, 1200-1300and forest.After fallingslightly,the overalldensityroseby 1700-1930.Total party-hours:12.S.Census:Chipping 12 5 territorialmalesoverlastyear.Specialthanksto Jim Sparrow, 4 (66, 27); Rufous-sidedTowhee,3.S (58, 23), Cavanaughfor hishelp.--ANDREWMAGEE, Woolly- HouseWren, 3 (49, 20); Dark-eyedJunco,3; Field Sparbear, Troy, N.H., 03465. row, 3; SolitaryVireo, 2.S; Com. Yellowthroat,2.S, Am Robin,1.S;SongSparrow,1.S;HermitThrush,1; Veery, 76. SHRUB COMMUNITY I. t Location: New 1; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1; CedarWaxwing,1, RedYork; ChautauquaCo., Erie Lake Plain, alongVan eyedVireo, 1; BlackburnianWarbler, 1; Canada WarBuren Road 1/S mi. E of Route S; 42ø26'4YN, bler, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Gray Catbird, 0.S; Barred 79ø24'47'W,BroctonQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Owl, +;Com. Flicker, +; PileatedWoodpecker,+, Blue 58
AmericanBirds,January,1977
Jay, +; Com. Crow, +; E. Bluebird, +; Com. Grackle, +;
annuals. Trees 3-inchesdiameter and over, based on six
PurpleFinch,+; Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: 27 species; 33
0.1-acre samples,64/acre; total basal area, 33 ft2/acre Speciescomprising90% of the total number of trees
territorial males (544/km2, 220/100 acres). --
R.
CARP, EL ABBOTT (compiler), Carnegie Museum,Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213.
79. OLD
FIELD-MEADOW
AND
PRIMARY
DECIDUOUS THICKETS. -- Location: Pennsylvania;
ButlerCo., BuffaloTownship,1 mi. S of intersectionof StateRoute228 and KeppleRoad on Todd Sanctuary; 40ø44'N,79ø42'W,FreeportQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established1974; 3 consecutiveyears.Size: 10.1
Large-toothed Aspen,40, 62, 76, 17;Tulip-tree,8, 13, 4, 50; Apple, 3, 5, 18, 17; FloweringDogwood(Cornus florida), 3, 5, 1, 17; BlackWalnut (Juglans nigra),3, 5, 10, 33. Treesby diametersizeclass:A (3-6 in.) 30, 46, 3, 9; B (6-9 in.) 27, 41, 8, 24; C (9-15in.) 5, 8, 16,48; D (1521 in.) 3, 5, 6, 18. Shrubstems5633/acre;groundcover 91%; canopycover33%; averagecanopyheight 28 ft (range17-45).Edge:Borderedon E (low)sideby wooded streamvalleyof maturehardwoodsand thick understory andon the W (high)sideby a continuation of the brushy hillside.Topography: The longN-S axisis parallelto a creek valley (Lower FlatwoodsRun) with small feeder streamscrossingthe plot near both ends;S end and W
ha = 25 acres (measuredwith line and compass). Description of Plot: SeeAB 28:1025-1026 (1974).About threeacresof CrabApples(Pyrusspp.)wereclearedand someselectivecuttingof Red Maple (Acerrubrum)was sideabout$0 ft higherthanN andE edgesrespectively undertaken.Weather: Generallygoodwith mostlycool Elevation: 1249-1300 ft. Weather: Hot and dry sunnymorningsand amplerain throughout the period. Coverage:June6-10; 8 trips 0530-0730,6 trips other Coverage:May 31; June1, 3-5, 8-9, 11, 14, 17-18,22-23, daylightandduskhours.Total party-hours: 29. Census: 26, 30; July4, 8; 0500-0800.Total man-hours:45. Cen- Yellow-breasted Chat, 8 (132, 53); White-eyedVireo, 4 sus:IndigoBunting,7.5 (74, 30); Rufous-sided Towbee, (66, 27); Red-eyedVireo,4; Golden-winged Warbler,4, 7 5; Field Sparrow,6 (59, 24); Cardinal,3.5 (35, 14); Prairie Warbler, 4; Corn.Yellowthroat,4; Rufous-slded Black-capped Chickadee,2; Tufted Titmouse,2; Gray Towbee,4; IndigoBunting,3 (49,20);Am. Goldfinch,3, Catbird, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Corn. Yellowthroat,2; Yellow-breastedChat, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2 (females);Scarlet Tanager, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Screech Owl, 1;
Field Sparrow,3; AcadianFlycatcher,2; CarolinaChickadee, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 1.5; Wood Thrush, 1 5, E Phoebe,1; GrayCatbird,1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher,1, N Parula, 1; Ruby-throatedHummingbird,0.5; Downy Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Woodpecker,0.5; HoodedWarbler, 0.5; Am. Redstart, CedarWaxwing,1; Golden-winged Warbler, 1; Vesper 0.5; ScarletTanager,0.5; Cardinal,0.5; GreenHeron, +, Sparrow, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher,+; Kentucky Broad-wingedHawk, +; Ruffed Grouse,+; Bobwhite,+, Warbler,+. Total: 23 species; 51.5 territorialmalesor Yellow-billed Cuckoo,+; ScreechOwl, +; Com. Flicker, females (509/km 2, 206/100 acres). Visitors: Ruffed +; PileatedWoodpecker,+; E. Wood Pewee,+; Com Grouse,Mourning Dove;HouseWren, Blue-grayGnat- Crow, +; E. Bluebird, +; Cerulean Warbler, +, Redcatcher, Cerulean Warbler. Remarks: Nests located: wingedBlackbird, +; Brown-headedCowbird,+. Total: Field Sparrow,4; Indigo Bunting, 1; Rufous-sided 38 species;55 territorial males(906/km•, 367/100 acres) Towhee,1; Vesper Sparrow,1. Indigo Buntingsand -- JOHN T. LINEHAN (compiler)and BrooksBird Rufous-sidedTowheesincreasedfrom 5 last year to 7.5. Club;Dept. of Entomologyand AppliedEcology,Untv Yellow-breasted Chat and Golden-winged Warbler also of Delaware, Newark, DeL 19711.
increased. Clearingof partsof thishabitatcreatedmore desirableconditions for thesespecies. Specialthanksto Chuck Bier for advice and assistance with the field work
81. ABANDONED RAILROAD. -- Location: Ohio,
and Donna Egbert for making the maps. --JEFF MAUGANS, P.O. Box g4, R.D. #1, Marysville, Pa.
WyandotCo., CrawfordTownship,Carey,3.5 mile section of the old Findlay Branch of the C.C.C. and St L
17053.
Railroad,extendingNW from Carey at 40ø56'54",
83ø24'15"W;to Vanlue (Amanda Township,Hancock Co.), 40ø58'36•N,83ø28'3if'W,Upper SanduskyQuad80. BRUSHY HILLSIDE. -- Location: West rangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size:8.58 ha = 21 21 Virginia;BraxtonCo.,3 mi. ENE of Sutton;38ø40'4Z'N, acres(3.5 mi. X 50 ft.). Lengthdeterminedfrom USGS 80ø3•22•W, Sutton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: map and width of the right-of-wayestimated.DescripNew. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rectangular,110 x 660 tion of Plot: The track wasremovedin early summer,the yards,measuredlongitudinallyand estimatedlaterally). roadbedwasonly slightlymodified,and no damagewas Description of Plot: Smallfarm siteabandoned approx- recordedfor the vegetationuntil later in the summer imately 20 years ago (acquiredby U.S. Corps of The roadbedand parallelingmargins,coveredwith a Engineers asfloodareaadjacentto Suttonfloodcontrol varyingdensityof herbs,shrubs,andsproutgrowthfrom reservoir).Old field and overgrownpasturelanddom- oldcuttings,sometimes elevated,sometimes belowadjainates, while pole-stagehardwoodsintrude on sites cent banks. Many plants occur along the abandoned occupying 25 to 30%of the area.The dominantcanopy right-of-way.Pioneerinvaders,weedyherbs,and prairie treesare Aspen(Populus grandidentata) andTulip-tree remnantscharacterizethe non-woodyplants.Dominant (Ltnodendron tulipifera). Most prominent in the woodyplantsincludeCottonwood (Populus deltotdes), understoryare Multiflora Rose (Rosamultiflora) and Slippery Elm (Ulmusrubra),Chinese Elm, Am. Elm (U PoisonIvy (Rhusradicans).The opensectioncontains americana),Apple,Basswood (Tilia americana),Black SmoothSumac(Rhusglabra),hawthorn(Crataegussp.) Cherry (Prunusserotina),White Ash (Fraxinusamerand blackberries(Rubus sp.) among Orchard Grass icana),SilverMaple (Acersaccharinurn), Box-elder(A (Dactylis glomerata) and other grasses,vines, and negundo), Cockspur Thorn (Crataeguscrus-galh) Volume 31, Number 1
59
Shrubs include Gray Dogwood(Cornusracemosa), listed under five other titles, with variations).Size: 14 16 Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), Buttonbush ha = about 35 acres(quadrilateral,compassand tape (Cephalanthus occidentalis ), PrairieRose(Rosasettlers), surveyed).Deserlptionof Plot: SeeBird Lore 39:379-380 Multiflora Rose(R. multiflora),Woodbine(Parthenocis- (1937). Habitat changes:Of major importancewas the susquinquefolia), and Grape(Virusvulpina).Common constructionof the Harold G. HayesMemorial Covered everywhere is PoisonIvy (Rhusradicans).SweetWhite Bridge spanning the eastward flowing stream. For its Clover (Meliotus alba) dominates the tract area for construction an adjacentcanopyopeningwasenlargedto distancesof 100 ft or morewhilepure standsof Switch about 75 ft in its longer axis. Graded approacheswere and plantedwith a few Grass(Panicurnvirgatum)occupylesserdistances. Con- addedto eachend, grass-seeded, splcuous in late summerare species of milkweedand dogwoodsand native flowers. The approacheswere goldenrod alongwith Teasel(Dipsacus sylvestris), Cir- fencedwith old split-rail remnants.Windfall accounted stum, and Wild Carrot (Daucus carota). The track for
for additional habitat changes:(1) dead, veteran,Red Oak (Q. borealis),32 in. dbh, taking with it Flowering about 0.2 of a mile at the E end where a young swamp Dogwoods(Comusflorida) of 6, 4, and 3 in., a 4 in. Red forest,developing from a veryearlypasture,shadesthe Maple (Acerrubrum), and the top of a 10 in. Mockernut right-of-way fromthe S side.A narrowsaplingborderon Hickory (Carya tomentosa);(2) secondand third dead the N sideis in turn paralleledby a limestonecovered falls removedthree dogwoods,av. dbh, 3 in., a 3 m roadwhichcrosses the right-of-wayabout0.2 mileto the Witch Hazel (Hamamelisvirginiana),a 3 in. Red Maple, W The W endis alsoparalleledby a macadamroadon and a 5 in. SlipperyElm (Ulrnusrubra); (3) a live 26 m the N side,for about0.5 mile, relativelyfree from border- MockernutHickoryslightlyreducedthe sub-canopy. The lng trees.The macadamroad turns S, but a dirt road pasthistoryof thesewindfallshasbeentabulatedand is a continuesfor approximatelyanother 0.5 mile. Two factor in keeping the forest canopy open or thin homesare locatedon the N sideof the track at the point Weather: February and March were the warmestin 27 where the accessroad begins.Animal dens are con- years, otherwise, it was not noteworthy,except for splcuous and mammaldensityis probablya significant periods of high winds and heavy summer showers factor in bird success.Weather: February and March Coverage:March 26; April 16, 25; May 13, 28; June5, 7, were the warmestin 27 years;no unusualor extended July 9; Aug. 17. Total man-hours:40. Census:Wood weather patterns prevailed; August was very dry. Thrush, 8 (56, 23); Red-eyed Vireo, 8; Acadian FlyCoverage:Almost daily; about 40 hours of regular catcher,6 (42 17); ScarletTanager,S (35, 14);E. Wood coverage plusabouttwicethat amountin irregularshort Pewee, 4 (28, 11); Gray Catbird, 4; Am. Robin, 4, intervals.Census:The numbersin the ordergivenare: (1) CeruleanWarbler, 4; Cardinal,4; KentuckyWarbler, 3 the numberof breedingpairsper 3.S milesof the right- (21, 9); Mourning Dove, 2; Ruby-throated Hummingof-way;(2) pairsper squarekilometer;(3) pairsper 100 bird, 2; Great CrestedFlycatcher,2; E. Phoebe,2; Car-
most of its lengthis borderedby croplandexceptfor
acres,(4) pairsper linearkilometer;(S)pairsper linear rode SongSparrow,12 (140,S7, 2.1, 3.4); IndigoBuntlng, 9 (10S,42, 1.6, 2.S);Am. Goldfinch,6 (70, 28, 1.0, 1 7), Am. Robin,S (S8,24, 0.9, 1.4);Gray Catbird,4 (47,
olina Wren, 2; Yellow-throated Vireo, 2; Ovenbird, 2,
Indigo Bunting,2; ChippingSparrow,2; Yellow-balled Cuckoo, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1, Downy Woodpecker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1, 19, 0 7, 1.1); Cardinal, 4; House Wren, 3 (3S, 14, 0.S, ChimneySwift, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Corn.Crow, 1; Carolina 0 9), Corn. Yellowthroat, 3; House Sparrow, 3; Red- Chickadee, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; White-breasted wingedBlackbird,3; Corn.Grackle,3; MourningDove, Nuthatch,1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher,1; WarblingVireo, 2, Starling,2; ChippingSparrow,2; Field Sparrow,2; 1; Am. Redstart, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Summer and 1 each of Bobwhite, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Ruby- Tanager, 1; Am. Goldfinch,1; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, throated Hummingbird, Corn. Flicker, Downy Wood- 1; Song Sparrow, 1. Total: 39 species;91 territorial
pecker, E. Kingbird, Willow Flycatcher,Blue Jay, males or females (642/km 2, 260/100 acres). Remarks: Carolina Chickadee,Tufted Titmouse, Carolina Wren, Thirty-nine speciesis a new high; 38 being attained in Mockingbird, Brown Thrasher, Wood Thrush, Cedar 1947,1948, 1973and 1974.The long-termbreedingspecWaxwing, Red-eyedVireo, Warbling Vireo, Yellow trum of 63 speciesseemsto this writer to be one of the Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, and Brown-headed rewardsof censusefforts,and he venturesto suggest it as Cowbird.Total: 3S species;83 pairs(967/km2, 392/100 one of the goalsfor environmentalmanagement,except acres,S.6/km, 3.S/mi.). Remarks:The abandonmentof in those specific areas where restricted diversity of
railroadsmakesa rather uniquehabitat availablefor habitat, monoculture,or preservationof virgin condiwildlife. The dispositionsof these rights-of-wayare tionsmay be more desirable.Next yearwill be the 50th in importantnot only for wildlife but for peoplealso.
which the writer will observe in this census tract. The
Alreadyput to useascycle-ways in a fewstatesand under E. Wood Pewee and Cerulean Warbler continued to be considerationas trail-waysin a few others,they could fewer in numbers.The three dominant species,Acadian becomea significantfactor in helping to sustainand Flycatcher,Wood Thrush, and Red-eyedVireo, all were
preserve bird populations. --A. H. CLAUGUS,228 S. Lake St., Carey,Ohio 43316. 82. DISTURBED OAK-HICKORY FOREST, PINE
low in total number of individuals as was also the robin
Cowbirdactivitywasverylowwith no observed eggs,or youngbeingfed. -- A. FL.CLAUGUS, 228 S. Lake St, Carey, Ohio, 43316.
STAND, EDGE, AND POND. -- Location:Ohio,Lick-
lngCo.,EdenTownship, CampFallingRock,1.2miles
83. MIXED
HABITAT.
--
Location: Ohio; Mont-
gomeryCo., AullwoodAudubonCenter;1 mi. NE of 40ø11'N,82ø18.5'W,NewarkQuadrangle, USGS.Con- Englewood,Ohio; 40ø17'N;84ø95'W,TrotwoodQuadtinulty:Established 1937;38intermittent years(formerly rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1957;censused NNE of the intersectionof CountyRoad 210 and Rte 79;
60
AmericanBirds,January,1977
annually,but not previouslypublished.Size: 28.3 ha = 70 acres(roughlyrectangular.Measurements probably determinedby surveying1957).Descriptionof Plot: The dominant canopy trees are Am. Beech (Fagus grandifolia), Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra), White Basswood (Tilia heterophylla),Tulip-tree(Liriodendron tuhpifera),Black Oak (Ouercusvelutina),Chinquapin Oak (0. muehlenbergii),Sycamore(Platanusoccidentahs),Burr Oak (0. macrocarpa),and manydeadtrees. A quantitativesurveyof the vegetationshows:Trees3inches in diameter and over are 116/acre; total basal area 68.51 ft:/acre. Speciescomprising90% of the total numberof trees(treesfollowedby numberper acre,den-
Elevation:892.5 ft. Weather: Good throughoutperiod Averagetemperature72øF.Coverage:May 8, 22, June 14; July1, 7, 23; August13, 21; between0700 and 1000 Total man-hours: 27. Census:Cardinal, 12 (42, 17); Field
Sparrow,9 (32, 13); Am. Robin, 7 (25, 10); SongSparrow, 7; Am. Goldfinch, 6 (21, 9); Carolina Wren, S (18,
7); Com.Grackle,S; Am. Woodcock,4 (14, 6); Mourning Dove,4; BlueJay4; WoodThrush,4; Red-eyedVireo, 4, Red-wingedBlackbird,4; Indigo Bunting,4; Carolina Chickadee,3 (11, 4); HouseWren, 3; HouseSparrow,3, Brown-headedCowbird, 3; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3, Bobwhite,2; Yellow-billedCuckoo,2; Com. Flicker, 2, DownyWoodpecker,2; Tufted Titmouse,2; Gray Catslty (%), dominance,and frequency):Red Mulberry bird, 2; Starling,2; Com. Yellowthroat,2; N. Oriole, 2, (Morus rubra), 2, 3, 3, 60; dead trees(all kinds), 8, 6, 5, ScreechOwl, 1; ChimneySwift, 1; Ruby-throatedHum100, Sycamore,12, 10, 4, 80; Red Cedar (]uniperusvir- mingbird,1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Mockingbird,1, E gtnmna),8, 6, 3, 60; BlackWillow (Salixnigra),2, 3, 3, Bluebird, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1, 20, E. Hop Hornbeam(Ostryavirginiana),6, 5, 1, 20; Ovenbird,1; E. Meadowlark,1; Belted Kingfisher,+, Am Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), 4, 3, 1, 20; Red-belliedWoodpecker, +; Red-headedWoodpecker, Tuhp-tree,4, 3, 2, 40; BlackAsh(Fruxinusnigra),4, 3, 1, +; Great CrestedFlycatcher,+; Acadian Flycatcher,+, 20, White Basswood, 2, 3, 2, 40; PignutHickory,8, 6, 1, Purple Martin, +; White-breastedNuthatch, +; Brown 20, Hackberry(Celtisoccidentalis), 2, 3, 2, 40; Burr Oak, Thrasher,+; Yellow-throated Vireo, +; Blue-winged 2, 3, 2, 40; ChinquapinOak, 4, 3, 2, 40; Ohio Buckeye Warbler, +; Yellow-breastedChat, +; Kentucky War(Aesculus glabra), 6, 5, 2, 40; White Ash (F. americana), bler, +. Total: 50 species;122territorial malesor females 6, $, 2, 40; Black Oak, 8, 6, 1, 20; Red Maple (Acer (431/km 2, 174/100 acres).Remarks: Nestsfound: Cedar rubrum),4, 3, 3, 60; Black Walnut, (]uglansnigru),24, Waxwing,1; wren, 1; Am. Goldfinch,1; Starling,1, 21, 4, 80; the understoryis mostlyAm. Hornbeam,40%; Specialthanksto Paul Knoopand ScottCopefor help E Redbud(Cerciscanadensis), 25%; Pawpaw(Asimina with this census.-- CLIFF CATHERS, 24 GrecianAve, trdoba),20%; Tulip-tree,15%. There is a hardwoods;a Trotwood, Ohio 45426. second-growth 100%canopycoverforest;an openbrushy hill, an open meadow;mixed pine-woodsforest near 84. OLD FIELD WITH BRUSH PATCHES. -- Locaroad;a tallgrassprairie;a marshwith standingwater;a tall canopywoodswith standingwater;a plantedpine tion: Indiana; JeffersonCo., Clifty Falls State Park, NW forest;a freshwater pond;and a veryopenandlongroll- cornerof plot38ø45'11"N, 85ø24'52"W, in Sect.33, T4N, ing high meadow.In the hardwoodsthe principle R10E, Clifty Falls Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New undergrowth is White Snakeroot(Eupatoriumrugosum) Size: 17.04 ha = 42.1 acres(irregular rectangle,measand May-apple (Podophyllumpeltatum). The under- ured with steeltape and compass). Descriptionof Plot: growthin the second-growth forestis practicallythe SeeAB 30:1056-57(1976);the followingplant data from same.On the brushyhill the principlegrowthis Poison June and July are supplemental.A line censusof all Ivy (Rhusradicans)and other typical plantsof open woodyplantshavingleavesbetween0.Sand 8 ft from the fields.The twomeadows aresimilarin growthwith Milk- groundmeasuredeleven100 ft, evenlydistributedsamweed(Asclepias syriaca)beingoneof the mostvigorous. ples.There was430 ft of coveragewhenspeciescoverages Thereis a verymixedundergrowth in the mixedpine- were added, but, becauseof double coveragein many woodsforest,pond,andmarsh.At themarshin standing cases,woody plant coverageversus"only herbaceous" wateris Cattail(Typhalatifolia).In the tallgrassprairie was340 ft to 760 of the 1100ft counted.Coverage-- 48% Coneflower (Rudbeckialaciniata),Bluestem(Andropo- Honeysuckle (Loniceru japonica), 20% blackberry gon scoparius) and Purple Coneflower (Echinacea (Rubus sp.), 4% Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), angusafolia)are dominant.In the wet woodsthe dom- 3% each of Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin),grape (Vttts mantgroundcoverisprimarilySkunkCabbage(Symplo- sp), Multiflora Rose(Rosamultiflora), Am. Elm (Ulmus carpusfoetidus),StingingNettle (Urtica dioica),Wing- americana),2% each of Trumpet Vine (Campsisrudstem(Actinomerisalternifolia),White Snakeroot(Eupa- icans), ash (Fraxinus sp.), PolsonIvy (Rhus rachcans), torturerugosum),and False Solomon'sSeal (Smilacina OsageOrange (Maclurupomiferu), and 1% or lesseach racemosa). Trees by diameter size class followed by of 12 other shrubs. Weather: Winds Beaufort 0-3, number per acre, density (%), basal area, and dom- temperatures36-73øF.April was unusuallywarm and mance.A (3-6 in.) 28, 25, 2.8, 2; B (6-9 in.) 38, 34, 6.4, 8; dry, but May and Junewereaverage.Coverage:April 23, C (9-15 in.) 22, 18, 17.6, 13; D (15-21 in.) 12, 10, 21.6, 16; E (21-27 in.) 2, 1, 6.2, 4; F (27-33 in.) 4, 6, 49.0, 35; G (33-40in.) 2, 3, 28.4, 21; H (greaterthan 40 in.) 2, 3, .02, 1, sometreesgreaterthan 40 in. includeda 53 in. tree and a 48 in. tree. Woody stems are estimated at 68,000/acre; ground cover, 68%; canopy cover, 58% averagecanopyheight, 42 ft (range 15-75 ft). Also, a stream and several buildings are included. Edge: Borderedon all sidesby similar forestand terrain. A gen-
tle downwardslopefrom the North Woodsto the pond. Volume 31, Number 1
May 3, 8, 29-31; June 2, 8-10; July 12-13. Total manhours: 33. Census:Field Sparrow,26 (153, 62); Corn Yellowthroat,1S (88, 36); Song Sparrow,11.S (67, 27); Indigo Bunting, 10 (59, 24); Am. Goldfinch, 7 (41, 17),
Red-wingedBlackbird,6 (35, 14); Yellow-breasted Chat, 5.5 (32, 13);Henslow'sSparrow,5 (29, 12);Grasshopper Sparrow,4 (23, 10); Gray Catbird, 3.5 (21, 8); White-eyed Vireo, 3.5; Bobwhite,3 (18, 7); Mourning Dove, 2 5, Yellow Warbler, 2.5; Prairie Warbler, 2.5; Cardinal, 2 5, BrownThrasher,2; Brown-headedCowbird,2 (females), 61
Carobna Wren, 1.5; E. Meadowlark, 1.5; Am. Wood-
cock, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Willow Flycatcher,1; CarolinaChickadee,1; HouseWren, 1; Am. Robin, 1; E. Bluebird,1; Starling, 1, N Oriole, 1; Summer Tanager, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, 0.5; Yellow-throatedWarbler, 0.5; Barn Owl, +, DownyWoodpecker,+; Great CrestedFlycatcher,+; Kentucky Warbler, +; Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. Total:
39 species;130 territorial males (763/km2, 309/100 acres).Remarks: The considerablespeciesnumber and density doubtlessrelate to the patchy nature of the habitat and extensiveedgesat this stageof oldfieldsuccession.Juanita R. Webster and severalstudentshelped w•th the censuswork, but their time was not calculated above. --J. DAN WEBSTER, Hanover College, Hanover, Ind. 47243. 85. DECIDUOUS
CLEARCUT.
--
Location:
Census51 for a descriptionof the woodlands. The census area wasusedas a dredgedmaterialdisposalsitein 1935 and 1936 during construction of the WhiskeyBay Pdot Channel.A very minor disposalalsotook place in 1962 whenthe channelwas subjectto maintenancedredging LA 975 wasconstructed in 1969-1970.Vegetationalong LA 975 is routinely sprayedto maintain a road and powerlineright of way.Edge:A 1.6 acrepond is located just beyondthe plot boundaryin the area clearedfor oil exploration. Floodplain forest borders the rest Topography: Gently rolling from N to S. Elevation: Varying from 25 ft to 45 ft. Weather: Thunderstorms, accompaniedby high winds,struckthe area on the first night of the census,causingnumeroustreesto break and fall and probably somemortality to clutches.Overcast conditionsoccurredon 5 censusdayswith light, interm•ttent rain fallingon 2 days.Clearconditionsprevailedon
all otherdays.Morningtemperatures werein the upper
60s and low 70s F. Winds werecalm excepton one day m• S of Johnson City; 36ø14'N,82ø22'W,Erwin Quad- whengustsreached30 mph. Coverage:May 7-14; 0600rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1975.Size:20.23 0830. Total man-hours: 15.5. Census (1975):Yellowha = 50 acres(irregular,acreage determined bydotgrid). breastedChat, 15.5 (214, 87); IndigoBunting,10 (138, Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1117-8(1975).Weather: 56); White-eyedVireo, 9.5 (131, 53); PaintedBunting, HumA verydry spring.Coverage:May 28, 30-31;June1-2, 4- 6.5 (90, 36); Cardinal,3.5 (48, 20); Ruby-throatod Tennessee; WashingtonCo., HorseCoveGap; about4.5
5, between 0600 and 0745. Total man-hours: 7.Census: mingbird(females),3 (41, 17); Corn.Yellowthroat,3,
IndigoBunting,9 (44, 18);Rufous-sidod Towbee,7 (35, ProthonotaryWarbler, 2.5; HoodedWarbler, 2.5; Car14), Carolina Wren, 4 (20, 8); Yellow-breastod Chat, 4; KentuckyWarbler, 2; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; E Wood Pewee,1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Cardinal,1; SongSparrow,1; DownyWoodpecker, +; White-eyedVireo, +; Hooded Warbler, +. Total: 14 species;32 territorialmales(158/km2, 64/100 acres).Remarks:No significantchangewasnotedin the vegetation. New territorial specieswere the Downy Woodpecker,White-eyedVireo, and SongSparrow.-RICHARD
LEWIS, Rte. 3, Box 683B, Erwin, Tenn.
$7650
olina Wren, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Brown-headedCowbird (females),2; Orchard Oriole, 2; Rufous-sidedTow-
bee, 1.5; N. Parula, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker,0 5, Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Corn. Flicker, +; Downy Woodpecker,+; Wood Thrush, +; KentuckyWarbler, +; Summer Tanager, +; Red-wingedBlackbird, + Total: 23 species, 67 territorial males or females (925/km 2, 374/100 acres). Remarks: This census was
performedto gather baselinedata for descriptionof plant and animal succession patternson U.S. Army, Corpsof Engineers(COE) dredgedmaterial disposal sites,and wassupportedby the COE, WaterwaysExper-
86. ROADSIDE: DREDGED MATERIAL DISiment Station, Vicksburg, MS under grant number POSAL SITE. -- Location: Louisiana; St. Martin Par- DACW 39-74-C-0092. -- STEPHEN B. ATKINS, •sh, AtchafalayaBasin; along LA 975 and two access RONALD G. PSCION, DAVID M. DuMOND, and
roads,2.1 mi. N of 1-10;30ø23'N,91ø39'W,Maringouin STEVEN Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New (1975). Size: 7.24 ha = 17.9 acres (transectline, oriented along road centerlines,5200 x 150 ft, paced).Descriptionof Plot:
W. LEONARD,
Coastal Zone Resources
Corp., Wilmington,N.C. 28401.
87. KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS PRAIRIE. -- LocaVegetation sampled in July1974usinga randomquadrat methodfor shrubsand herbaceous plantsand the Bit- tion: North Dakota; StutsmanCo., NE quarter of Sect
12, T142N, R68W, New Rockford Quadrangle, USGS Continuity:Established1972; 5 consecutive years.Size: 4.84 ha = 12 acres(rectangular,201 x 241 m, paced) Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 26:972 (1972).Followinga prescribedburn in fall 1972, the vegetationhas continued to grow and the ground litter accumulate.The plot remains nearly devoid of shrubby vegetation Weather: Precipitationtotaledonly 0.72 in. in May and 2.67 in. in June. Temperaturesin May were slightly above normal, with an averagehigh of 69ø and an averagelowof 41øF.Junewaswarmerthan normal,w•th averageextremesof 80øand54ø.All censuses weremade in periodsof low winds.Many pond basinswere dry at acres) This community borders the other accessroad the beginningof the census period;othersdriedup durand the S. Ragweed-White CloverhabitatalongLA 975 ing the warmweatherin June.Coverage:May 26; June7, (exceptfor a 500ft stripalongtheE sideof LA 975which 8, 16, 18, 23; 10 trips, 0805-1050 hours, CDT. Total was cleared in the early 1960s for oil exploration;the man-hours: 3. Census: Red-winged Blackbird, 1 5, area •s now occupiedby S. Ragweed-WhiteClover).See Bobolink, 1; W. Meadowlark, 1; Brown-headedCow-
terhch methodfor trees.Essentiallya forestedgesituation An herbaceousassociationdominated by S. Ragweed(Ambrosiabidentata)andWhiteClover(Trifolrum repens)comprises45% (8.2 acres)of the plot, bordersone accessroad and generallythe first 25 ft to e•thersideof LA 975. Other prominentherbsare Corn. Ragweed (A. artemislifolia), Goldenrod (Solidago alttsstma),and Verbena brasiliensis.Percentcover by each is: S. Ragweed,80; White Clover, 76.7; Corn. Ragweed,10; Goldenrod,6.7; Verbena,3.3. Floodplain forest, dominatedby Black Willow (Salix nigra) and Sycamore(Platanusoccidentalis),or Black Willow and Cottonwood(Populus deltoides) comprises54% (9.7
62
AmericanB•rds,January,1977
bird, (female)1; SavannahSparrow,0.5; Am. Bittern, +;
5.5. Census:Grasshopper Sparrow,2.5; W. Meadowlark, Sora,+. Total: 7 species; 5 territorialmalesor females 1.5; Bobolink,1; Red-wingedBlackbird,1; Clay-colored (103/km 2, 42/100 acres). Visitors: Gadwall, Am. Coot,
Sparrow,1; Brown-headedCowbird(female),0.5; SavanCorn Nighthawk,E. Kingbird, Barn Swallow,Yellow- nahSparrow, 0.5;E. Kingbird,+. Total:8 species; 8 terheadedBlackbird,Corn.Grackle,Grasshopper Sparrow. ritorial males or females (131/km2, 53/100 acres) -- DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, Northern Prairie Wildlife Visitors: Blue-wingedTeal, Corn. Nighthawk, Barn Research Center, Jamestown, N.D. 58401.
Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Yellow-headedBlackbird, Am Goldfinch. -- DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, Northern 88. MIXED PRAIRIE (I). -- Location: North Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND Dakota; StutsmanCo., NE quarter of Sect. 11, T142N, 58401. R68W, 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, Woodworth Quadrangle, USGS Continuity: Established 1972; 5 consecutive 91. MIXED PRAIRIE (IV). -- Location: North
years Size: 10 ha = 24.7 acres(square,316 m, paced). Dakota; StutsmanCo., SE quarterof Sect. 11, T142N, Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 26:972 (1972).Weather: See R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, Woodworth Quadrangle, Census87. Coverage:June 7, 9-10, 16, 18, 23; 8 trips USGS. Continuity: Established 1972; 5 consecutive between 0645 and 1135 hours, CDT. Total man-hours: years.Size:6.1 ha = 15.06acres(square,270yds,paced) 7 6 Census: Clay-colored Sparrow, 7.5 (75, 30); Red- Description of Plot:SeeAB26:973-974(1972).Thisplot wingedBlackbird,5.5 (55, 22); Blue-wingedTeal, 4 (40, was burned in spring 1970, fall 1972, and on May 17, 16), Corn. Yellowthroat, 4; Brown-headedCowbird 1976. Because of dry weather thereafter, very little (females),2; E. Kingbird, 1.5; Bobolink, 1.5; W. growth of vegetationtook place prior to the census Meadowlark, 1.5; Grasshopper Sparrow, 1.5; N. period.Weather:SeeCensus 87. Coverage: June7, 9-10, Shoveler,1; Willow Flycatcher,1; Yellow Warbler, 1; 16, 18, 23; 8 tripsbetween0810 and 1130hours,CDT Gadwall,0.5; Killdeer,0.5; Corn.Snipe,0.5; Savannah Total man-hours:3.5. Census:Red-wingedBlackbird,2, Sparrow, 0.5; Song Sparrow, 0.5; Am. Bittern, +; Killdeer, 0.5; Brown-headed Cowbird (female), 05, Mallard, +; Green-wingedTeal, +; Am. Coot,+; Willet, UplandSandpiper, +; Clay-colored Sparrow,+. Total:5 +, BlackTern,+. Total: 23species; 34.5territorialmales species;3 territorialmalesor females(49/km2, 20/100 or females (345/km 2, 140/100 acres). Visitors: Pintail, acres).Visitors: Blue-wingedTeal, Black Tern, Barn W Kingbird, Barn Swallow, Gray Catbird, Yellow- Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Corn. Yellowthroat, Yellowheaded Blackbird, Corn. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch. -headed Blackbird, Am. Goldfinch, Clay-coloredSparDOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, Northern Prairie Wildlife
row. --
Research Center, Jamestown, N.D. 58401.
Wildlife ResearchCenter,Jamestown, N.D. 58401.
89. MIXED PRAIRIE (II). -- Location: North Dakota, StutsmanCo., SW quarter of Sect. 1, T142N, R68W, 47ø8'N,99ø15'W, Goldwin Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1972;5 consecutive years.Size: 6 1 ha = 15.06acres(square,270yds,surveyed). Description of Plot: SeeAB 26:972-973 (1972). Initially burned in fall 1971,and againon May 6, 1976.The vegetation, nearlyall herbaceous, wasof low stature,and litter was nearlyabsent.Weather: SeeCensus87. Coverage:May 26, June7, 9-10, 16, 18, 23; 11 trips between0800 and 1215 hours, CDT. Total man-hours:4.3 Census:Red-
92. MIXED PRAIRIE (V). -- Location: North Dakota; StutsmanCo., SE quarter of Sect. 12, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø14'W, Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS Continuity:Established1972;5 consecutive years.Size: 6.1 ha = 15.06acres(square,270yds,paced).Description of Plot: SeeAB 26:974(1972).After a seriesof prescribed burnsand two seasons of intensivesheep-grazing, most woodyvegetationhasbeenkilled, althoughdeadtrunks andbranchesremain.The plotwasburnedagainon May 7, 1976. Weather: See Census87. Coverage:June 9-10,
wingedBlackbird,3.5 (57, 23); Blue-winged Teal, 1.5;
Total man-hours: 2.6. Census: E. Kingbird, 1; W
DOUGLAS
H. JOHNSON,
Northern
Pratrte
16, 18, 23; 8 tripsbetween0845 and 1115hours,CDT
Mallard, 1; Gadwall, 1; Killdeer, 1; W. Meadowlark,1; Meadowlark, 1; Bobolink,0.5; Upland Sandpiper,+, Brown-headedCowbird (female), 0.5; Upland Sand- Willet, +; Red-wingedBlackbird, +; Brown-headed Sparrow,+. Total: 8 piper, +; E. Kingbird,+; W. Kingbird,+. Total: 10 Cowbird(female),+; Grasshopper
species, 9.5 territorialmalesor females(156/kin2,63/100
species; 2.5 territorialmalesor females(41/km2, 17/100
acres) Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Willet, Barn Swallow,
acres).Visitors: Blue-wingedTeal, W. Kingbird, Corn Grackle,Chestnut-collared Longspur.-- DOUGLAS H JOHNSON, Northern Prairie Wildlife ResearchCenter,
Corn Yellowthroat, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Corn. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch, Savannah Sparrow. -DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON,, Northern Prairie Wildlife
Jamestown,N.D. 58401.
Research Center, Jamestown,N.D. 58401. 93. DISTURBED
MIXED
PRAIRIE.
--
Location:
90. MIXED PRAIRIE (III). -- Location: North Dakota, StutsmanCo., NW quarter of SW quarter of
Illinois; Grundy Co., GooseLake Prairie State Park, near Morris; borderedon the W by the Elgin, Jolietand Sect 6, T142N, R67W; 47ø9'N,99ø14'W,GoldwinQuad- EasternRailroad,on the N by CollinsRoad and on the S rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1972; 5 con- and E by similarprairie;41ø23'N,88ø18'W,Monooka secutiveyears.Size: 6.1 ha = 15.06 acres(square,270 Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1975.Size: yds,paced). Description of'Plot:SeeAB 26:973 (1972). 16 ha = 39.5 acres(trapezoidal,nearlysquare,400 x 401 This plot,burnedin fall 1970and May 1975,hassince m). Westernhalf of block 1 takenfrom the park Master regrown,althoughshrubbyvegetationis still reduced Plan. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1121-1122 (1975) and litter cover is slight. Weather: See Census 87. Weather: Predominantlywarm and clear, temperatures Coverage:May 26; June 7, 9-10, 16, 18; 23; 11 trips rangingfrom 50øin May to 98øFin July.Coverage:May between0605 and 1125 hours, CDT. Total man-hours: 21-22;June5-6, 26-27; July3-4, 16, 0500-1300and after Volume 31, Number 1
63
Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular,835 x 1044ft, surveyed).Descriptionof Plot: Grassesare dominant Blue Grama (Boutelouagraeilis)is dominantthroughoutthe majorportionof the plot.Needle-and-thread (Stipaeomeryptandrus), SqmrrelYellowthroat,2; E. Meadowlark,2; Indigo Bunting,2; ata), SandDropseed(Sporobolus Rotbus-sidedTowhee, 2; Pied-billed Grebe, 1; Mallard, tail (Sitanlonlongifollum),andCheatGrass(Bromustee1, Blue-wingedTeal, 1; Ring-neckedPheasant,1; Kill- toturn) are commonand locally abundant. Grassesof deer, 1; Am. Woodcock,1; Mourning Dove, 1; Yellow- lesser importance are Red Three-awn (Ansttda billed Cuckoo, 1; Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; Traill's longiseta),W. Wheat Grass (Agropyronsmithu), and Flycatcher,1; Black-cappedChickadee,1; Long-billed Six-weeksFescue(Vulpia octofiora).The most abundant Marsh Wren, 1; BrownThrasher,1; CedarWaxwing,1; forbs are Copper Mallow (Sphaeralceacoeclnea)and Corn.Grackle,1; Cardinal, 1; Field Sparrow,1; Sparrow BushyEriogonum(Eriogonumeffusum).EveningPrimHawk, 1; ScreechOwl, 1. Total: 31 species;total ter- rose(Oenotherasp.),Snakeweed(Gutierreziasarothrae), RussianThistle (Salsolakali), W. Wallflower (Erys•mum ritories: 61 (382/km 2, 154/100 acres).Remarks: Omitted from the descriptionof plot last year: i (3 in.) Cedar, aspcrum), Slender-floweredPsoralea (Psoralea tenutvillosa),Fhxweed Jumper virglniana, i (3 in.) Osage Orange, (34aclura flora), Hairy Golden-asterff-Ieterotheea pomtfera),anda thicketof Blackberries,(Rubus sp.)50m (Deseurainla sophia), and Narrow-leaved Goosefoot m diameter.A largecoolinglake covering19,000acres (Chenopodiumleptophyllum)are alsocommon.Frmged (Artemisiafrigida) is frequentthroughoutthe hasbeenbuilt I mile W of the plot and hasbeenfilling Sagebrush slowlysince spring, providingideal habitat for Red- plot, while Winterfat (Eurotia lanata), Prickly-pear wingedBlackbirdsandpossibly contributingto the lower (Opuntia compressa),StarvationCactus(O. polyacancensuscount. Thanks to J. and D. Nyhoff, B. and J. tha), and Ball Cactus(Coryphanthavivipara)are lessfrequent.Approximatelytwo acresalongthe E borderare Twelt for their support and assistance.--JANICE encompassed by a Black-tailedPrairie Dog (Cynomys LINKLETTER, 2211 W. Carmen Ave., Chicago,Ill. 60625. ludovicianus)town. Edge: Three sidesare borderedby similar grassland;the N sideby grasslanddominatedby Sand Dropseedand Cheat Grass.Topography:A small BreedingBird Populationsof Selected hill risesfairly steeplyin the SE portion.The remainder Grasslandsand WeedyFieldsin of the plot is gentlyrolling. Elevation:5240 to 5300 ft North-Central Colorado Coverage:April 22; May 13, 26; June2, 10, 23; July 12, August 3; 0600-0920.Total man-hours:6. Census:W The following 15 censusesare on variousgrasslands Meadowlark, 2; Horned Lark, 1; Mourning Dove, + and weedyfieldson RockyMountain Arsenal,an Army Total: 3 species;3 territorial males (37/km2, 15/100 installationlocatedin westernAdamsCounty,Colorado. acres).Remarks:Three or four singingand displaying, The Arsenal, 10 mi. NE of the center of Denver and male Lark Buntingswere observedon the plot between approximately20 mi. W of the westernfoothillsof the May 13 and June2, but noneafter June2. Rocky Mountain Front Range, is 26.5 squaremiles in 95. MIXED PRAIRIE (H). -- Location: Colorado, sizeand is boundedby agriculturaland grazinglandson the N and E; a residentialarea on the W; and Stapleton Adams Co., east-central portion of Section 33, T2S, City Quadrangle, International Airport, a housingdevelopment,an indus- R67W; 39ø50'N,104ø53'W,Commerce trial area,and agriculturallandson the S. The studywas USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres (recconductedto collect baseline data necessaryfor the tangular, 835 x 1044ft., surveyed).Descriptionof Plot: preparationof environmentalimpact assessments con- Blue Grama is dominant,althoughSand Dropseedis are Needle-andcermng the restorationof contaminatedwaste basins locallyabundant.Lessfrequentgrasses and other contaminated areas on the Arsenal and for the thread, Red Three-awn, and Squirrel-tail. Abundant purposeof monitoringthe effectsand measuringthe effi- forbs include Small White Evening-star (Mentzeha nuda),Aster sp., CopperMallow, Hairy Golden-aster, ciencyof theseclean-upoperations. Weather data are from StapletonInternationalAir- W. Ragweed(Ambrosiapsilostachya),and Slenderport, lessthan 3 mi. S of the Arsenal.In general,spring flowered Psoralea.Prairie Sunflower(HelianthuspetroTall Eriogonum andearlysummertemperatures wereslightlyhigherthan laris), Horseweed(Conyzacanadensis), Oøhysalis sp ), and normal; and total precipitationwas considerablyless (Eriogonumannuum),Ground-cherry than normal. Average maximum and minimum tem- Russian Thistle are less common; and Croton (Croton juncea), Prairieperatureswere62.9øand 35.4øFfor April, 70.3øand43.0ø texensis),Skeleton-weed(Zygodesmia for May, and82.0øand50.6øfor June,respectively. Total clover(Dalea aurea), and Prickly-pearare widely scaton all sides precipitationfor thesethreemonthswas3.24 in. (3.26 in. tered.Edge:Borderedby similarvegetation belownormal).Nearlyall visitsweremadeduringclear Topography:Gently rolling. Elevation:5155 to 5170 ft. Coverage:April 20; May 18, 24; June4, 10, 22; July 13, and calm weather. -- RANDAL L. FAIRBANKS, CHARLES R. LEGROS, DAVID S. THORNE, and August 5; 0615-1000. Total man-hours: 5.9. Census: JOHN K. McBRIDE, Ecological Systems Division, HornedLark, 3 (37, 15); MourningDove, 1.5; W. MeadDtrectorateof InstallationRestoration,RockyMountain owlark, 1. Total: 3 species;5.5 territorialmales(68/km2, 1600. Total man-hours: 65. Census: Red-winged Blackbird, 13 (81, 33); Am. Robin, 4 (25, 10); Bell's Vireo, 4; Eur. Tree Sparrow,3 (19, 8); Gray Catbird, 3; Am Goldfinch, 3; Bobwhite,2; Yellow Warbler, 2; Corn.
Arsenal, Denver, Colo. 80240.
28/100 acres).
96. THREE-AWN GRASSLAND-PRAIRIE DOG 94. MIXED PRAIRIE (I). -- Location: Colorado; Adams Co., center of Section35, T2S, R67W; 39ø50'N, TOWN. -- Location:Colorado;AdamsCo., NW quarter
104ø51'W,SableQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. 64
of Section29, T2S, R66W; 39ø51'N,104ø48'W,Sable AmericanBirds,January,1977
Quadrangle,USGS.Continuity:New.Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular, 835 x 1044ft, surveyed). Description of Plot:Heavilydominated by RedThree-awnandCheat Grass SandDropseedand Squirrel-tailare commonin
(Calamovilfalongifolia), and W. Wheat Grass are also common.Major forbs includeCopper Mallow, Russian Thistle, W. Ragweed, Rough Pigweed (Amaranthus retrofiexus),and Narrow-leavedGoosefoot.Other com-
small areas.The major forbs are CopperMallow, Russian Thistle, Kochia iranica, Morning-glory(Convolvulus arvensis),Hairy Golden-aster,CanadaThistle (Cirstumarvense),W. Ragweed,and Evening-primrose. Less
mon forbs are Puncture-vine (Tribulus terrestrts),
Tumble-mustard,Tall Eriogonum, Bushy Eriogonum, Horseweed, and Hairy Golden-aster. Edge: Similar vegetationborderson all sides.A barbed wire fenceruns commonforbs include Slender-floweredPsoralea,Prairie parallel to and within a few yards of the E boundary Sunflower,Tumble-mustard(Sisymbriumaltissirnum), Topography:Gently rolling. Elevation:5290 to 5310 ft Bracted Verbena (Verbena bracteats), False Boneset Coverage:April 19; May 25; June 1, 9, 23; July 14, (Kuhnm eupatorioides),and Creeping White Prairie August3; between0620 and 0925. Total man-hours 8 8 Aster(Asterfalcatus). The plot is includedwithina large Census:Brewer'sSparrow,3.5 (43, 18); Grasshopper Black-tailed Prairie Dog town. Edge: Bordered by Sparrow,2; W. Meadowlark, 1.5; Mourning Dove, 1, similarvegetation on all sides,exceptthat the proportion Cassin'sSparrow,+. Total: 5 species;8 territorial males of annualforbsincreases and the proportionof perennial (99/km2740/100 acres).Remarks:One MourningDove grassesdecreases to the E, W, and N. A dirt road and nest was located. powerlinerunsparallelto the W border20 yds.W, and a demolitionarea existsapproximately150 yds. S of the 99. SAND DROPSEED - NEEDLE-AND-THREAD plot Topography:Gently rolling. Elevation:5230 to 5260 ft Coverage:April 20; May 12, 25; June3, 8, 21; GRASSLAND. -- Location: Colorado; Adams Co, July 14; August2; between0630 and 0930. Total man- south-central portion of Section 11, T3S, R67W, hours 5.2. Census:Horned Lark, 3 (37, 15); Burrowing 39ø48•N,104ø51'W,SableQuadrangle,USGS.Continuity: New.Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular,835 x 1044 Owl, 2; W. Meadowlark, 1.5; Ferruginous Hawk, +; GrasshopperSparrow,+. Total: 5 species;6.5 territorial ft, surveyed).Description of Plot: Grasses dominate, althougha few scatteredshrubsare present.A N-S and males (80/km 2, 33/100 acres). an E-W narrowdirt road eachbisectthe plot. A variety of forbsis presenton theseroadsides. SandDropseedis 97. RUBBER RABBITBRUSH-GRASSLAND. -the major grassin the westerntwo-thirdsand NeedleLocation:Colorado;AdamsCo., NW quarter of Section and-threaddominatesthe remainder. Other important 20, T2S, R66W; 39ø52'N,104ø48'W,SableQuadrangle, grassesare Cheat Grass and Red Three-awn. The few USGS Continuity:New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(rec- scatteredshrubs consistof Rubber Rabbitbrush, Sand tangular, 835 x 1044 ft, surveyed).Descriptionof Plot: Sagebrush,and Yuccaglauca. Commonforbs arc Hairy Dominated by Rubber Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus Golden-aster,W. Ragweed,Small White Evening-star, nauseosus),Red Three-awn, and Squirrel-tail. Sand Ground-cherry, Croton, Evolvulus nuttallianus, Dropseedand Cheat Grass are locally common.The Skeleton-weed,Russian Thistle, Cryptantha fendlen, most abundant forbs include Creeping White Prairie and Tall Eriogonum.Edge: Borderedon the E, W, and Aster, Hairy Golden-aster,and W. Ragweed.Copper half of the N sideby similargrassland;on the remaining Mallow, False Boneset, Skeleton-weed, Pussy-toes half of the N and SE by thicketsof New Mexican Locust (Antennarlarosea),Great Mullein (Verbascumthapsus), (Robinianeomexicana);and on the S by a paved,twoMorning-glory,and Salsify(Tragopogondubius)are less lane road and right-of-way with similar grassland common.Edge: Borderedby similar vegetationon all beyond.Topography:Gentlyrollingwith a smallhill in sides,except that Sand Dropseedand Cheat Grass the easternthird of the plot. Elevation:5250 to 5280 ft become more abundant and Rubber Rabbitbrush does Coverage:April 19; May 14, 25; June1, 15, 22; July12, not occurto the N and S. Topography:Essentiallyflat. August5; between0610 and 1025.Total man-hours 4 7 Elevation:5200 to 5205 ft. Coverage:April 22; May 13, Census:W. Meadowlark,2; Black-billedMagpie, 0 5, 25, June4, 8, 21; July 12, August2; between0625 and Swainson'sHawk, +; Mourning Dove, +. Total: 4 1055 Total man-hours:9.8. Census:Brewer'sSparrow,6 species;2.5 territorial males (31Acm•, 13/100 acres) (74, 30); Lark Bunting, 4.5 (56, 23); Horned Lark, 2; Remarks: One Swainsoffs Hawk nest was located. MourningDove, 1.5; W. Meadowlark,1.5; Grasshopper Sparrow, 1. Total: 6 species;16.5 territorial males (204/km 2, 83/100 acres). Remarks: Five nests were 100. SAND DROPSEED GRASSLAND (I). -- Localocated:MourningDove, 1; Lark Bunting,2; Brewer's tion: Colorado;Adams Co., NW quarter of Section27, Sparrow,2. T2S, R67W; 39ø51'N,104ø53'W,CommerceCity Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres (rectangular,835 x 1044 ft, surveyed).Descriptionof 98. SAND SAGEBRUSH-GRASSLAND. -- LocaPlot: Grassesare dominant.Sand Dropseedand Cheat tion: Colorado; Adams Co., center of Section 8, T3S, Grassare the major species;Needle-and-threadis comR66W, 39ø48'N, 104ø48•W,Sable Quadrangle,USGS. mon in small areas.Commonforbs includePrickly LetContinuity:New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular, tuce (LactucascarJoia),RussianThistle, Skeleton-weed, 835 x 1044 ft, surveyed).Description of Plot: Needle- Copper Mallow, White Pigweed (Amaranthus albus), and-threadand Sand Sagebrush(Artemidafilifolia) are and Ground-cherry.Morning-glory,Kochia, and Prairie dominant throughout the major portion of the plot, Sunflower are locally common. Edge: Bordered by althoughCheatGrassand SandDropseedare abundant similargrasslandon all sides.Topography:Gentlyrollin much of the area. Blue Grama, Prairie Sand-reed ing. Elevation:5155 to 5170 ft. Coverage:April 20; May Volume 31, Number 1
65
locally common. Copper Mallow is the only common forb. RussianThistle, Hairy Golden-aster,Flixweed,and FalseBonesetare uncommon.Edge:Borderedby similar 1, Brewer'sSparrow,1; Ring-necked Pheasant, +. Total: vegetationon three sides,with grasslanddominatedby 5 species;9.5 territorialmales(117/km2, 48/100 acres). Sand Dropseedborderingthe W. A dirt road parallels the N border30 ydsN of the plot.Topography:Relatively Remarks:One MourningDovenestwaslocated. flat. Elevation:5235to 5240 ft. Coverage:April 21, May 13, 25; June3, 8, 21; July12; August2; 0625-0915 Total 101. SAND DROPSEED GRASSLAND (II). -- Loca- man-hours:7.8. Census: Lark Bunting,2.5; Grasshopper tion: Colorado;AdamsCo., north-centralportionof Sec- Sparrow,2.5; Horned Lark, 2; W. Meadowlark, 2; Brew-
12, 24; June2, 10, 22; July12; August2; between0620 and 1015.Total man-hours:7.8. Census:Lark Bunting, 4 (49, 20); W. Meadowlark,3.5 (43, 18); MourningDove,
tion 4, T3S, R67W; 39ø49'N,104ø54'W,CommerceCity
er's Sparrow, 2; Mourning Dove, 1.5. Total: 6 species,
Quadrangle, USGS.Continuity:New.Size:8.1 ha = 20 12.5 territorial males (154/km 2, 63/100 acres). acres(rectangular, 835 x 1044ft, surveyed). Description of Plot: Grassesare dominant. Sand Dropseedis the
majorspecies throughout thegreatest portionoftheplot,
104. WEEDY FIELD (I). -- Location: Colorado, w•th a few small areasdominatedby either CheatGrass or Needle-and-thread.Cheat Grass, Squirrel-tail, Red Adams Co., NE quarter of Section 1, T3S, R67W, USGS. ContinuThree-awn,and Six-weeksFescueare commonbeneath 39ø49'N,104ø50'W,SableQuadrangle, the SandDropseed canopy.CommonforbsincludeRus- ity: New. Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular,835 x 1044 Descriptionof Plot: Dominatedby weedy sian Thistle, Prairie Sunflower,Prickly Lettuce, Aster, ft, surveyed). SmallWhite Evening-star,Croton,CopperMallow, and annuals. Musk Thistle (Carduusleiophyllus),Canada Hairy Golden-aster.Narrow-leavec• Goosefoot,Evolvu- Thistle, Flixweed, and Kochia are the most abundant lus, Ground-cherry,and Slender-flowered Psoraleaare Other common forbs are Prairie Sunflower,Eveninglocallycommon.An E-W powerlineapproximately 80 ft primrose,Spurge (Chamaesycesp.), Alfalfa (Medtcago in height bisectsthe plot. Edge: Borderedby similar satira), Russian Thistle, Pepper-grass(Lepidium sp ), grasslandon all sides.Topography:Relativelyfiat but Fetid Marigold (Dyssodiapapposa), Morning-glory, gentlyslopingto the N. Elevation:5185 to 5190 ft. Tumble-mustard, Copper Mallow, Ground-cherry, Coverage:April 19; May 12, 24; June4, 14, 24; July12; Bracted Verbena, and Com. Pigweed (Chenopodtum August5; 0630-0855.Total man-hours:5.5. Census:W. album). Grasses are uncommon. An E-W dirt road Meadowlark, 3 (37, 15); Mourning Dove, 1; Brewer's bisectsthe centerof the plot, and a N-S dirt spur road Sparrow,+. Total: 3 species; 4 territorialmales(49/km2, runsthroughthe N half of the plot. A recentlydisturbed 1.5 acre bare area containing only a few scattered 20/100 acres). annualsliesin the north-centralportion.Edge:Bordered by similarvegetationon all sides.A canal,with scattered 102. SEEDED GRASSLAND (I). -- Location: Col- Plains Cottonwood(Populussargena'i)along its banks, orado; Adams Co., east-centralportion of Section4, bordersthe SW corner;and a cottonwood-lined,40 acre T3S, R67W; 39ø49'N, 104ø53'W, Commerce City reservoirlies150ydsto the S. A largeindustrialarealies Flat. ElevaQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size:8.1 ha = 20 within150ydsto theN andW. Topography: acres(rectangular,835 x 1044ft, surveyed).Description tion: 5620 ft. Coverage:April 19; May 12, 26; June2, 8, of Plot: Dominatedby a mature, uniform standof seeded 22; July 14; August3; 0620-1005.Total man-hours 5 6 CrestedWheatGrasswith a lowdiversityof othergrasses Census:Ring-neckedPheasant,1; Corn.Yellowthroat,1, or Cinnamon),0 5, andforbs.RedThree-awn,CheatGrass,SandDropseed, W. Meadowlark,1; teal (Blue-winged and Skeleton-weedare fairly common.Slender-flowered MourningDove,0.$; Lazuli Bunting,+. Total: 6 species, Psoralea, Russian Thistle, Copper Mallow, Ground- 4 territorial males (49/kin 2, 20/100 acres).Remarks: One cherry, and Narrow-leavedGoosefootare uncommon. teal nest was located. Edge: Borderedon three sidesby similar grasslandand on the N by grasslanddominatedby Red Three-awn, SandDropseed,and CheatGrass.A lightindustrialarea 105. WEEDY FIELD (H). -- Location: Colorado, lieswithin200ydsW of the plot.Topography:Relatively Adams Co., south-centralportion of Section36, T2S, fiat Elevation:5195 to 5200 ft. Coverage:April 19; May R67W; 39ø50'N, 104ø50'W,Sable Quadrangle,USGS 12, 24; June 4, 14, 24; July 12; August 5; 0600-1000. Continuity:New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular, Total man-hours: 5.2. Census: W. Meadowlark, 2;
835 x 1044ft, surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: Locatedon the edgeof an unlinedindustrialwastebasindominated by weedyannuals.A shallowone-acrepondexistsin the east-centralportion, and approximatelythree acres of bare ground containing only scatteredannuals occurs 103. SEEDED GRASSLAND (II). -- Location: Col- alongthe N and W borders.CommonSunflower,Copper Horseweed, PricklyLettuce, orado; Adams Co., NE quarter of Section 29, T2S, Mallow, Evening-primrose, R66W; 39ø51'N, 104ø48'W,Sable Quadrangle,USGS. and BushyEriogonumarethe mostabundantforbs W Continuity:New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular, Ragweed,RockyMountainBeePlant (Cleomeserrulata), 835x 1044ft, surveyed). Description of Plot:Dominated Corn. Evening-primrose(Oenotherastrigosa), Prairie by a mature, uniform stand of seededCrestedWheat Sunflower, Canada Thistle, Ground-cherry,Creeping Grass. Other lessfrequent grassesare Red Three-awn, White Prairie Aster, Pepper-grass,and Gumweed SandDropseed,and CheatGrass.W. WheatGrass,Lit- (Grindelia squarrosa)are also common.Sand Dropseed tle Barley (Hordeum pusilium), and Squirrel-tail are and W. Wheat Grass occur in patches.Narrow-leaved Mourning Dove, 1; GrasshopperSparrow,+. Total: 3 species;3 territorialmales(37/km2, 15/100 acres).
66
American Birds, January, 1977
Cattail (Typhaangustifolia)and Am. Bulrush(Scirpus amencanus)are commonin the pond,and N. Willowherb (Epilobiumglandulosum),Yellow Cudweed(Gnaphahumchilense), ShowyMilkweed(Asclepias speciosa), Alkali Muhly LMuhlenbergiaaspen'folia),and Desert Salt-grass (Distichlisstricta)are abundanton the pond margins.Edge:Bordered ontheW andN byportions of the industrialwastebasin,on the E by similarvegetation
neckedPheasant,+; Short-earedOwl, +; W. Kingbird,
+. Total: 7 species; S.Sterritorialmales(68/km:,28/100 acres). 108. WEEDY
FIELD
- PRAIRIE
DOG
TOWN.
--
Location:Colorado;Adams Co., SE quarter of Section 26, T2S, R67W; 39øS1'N,104øSl'W,SableQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(rec-
Deserlptlonof Plot: and patchesof bareground,and on the S by similar tangular,835 x 1044ft, surveyed). vegetation and a gravelparkinglot. A largeindustrial Dominatedby weedyannualsbut alsocontainsa large area lies within 200 yds. S of the plot. Topography: Relativelyflat but gentlyslopingto the N. Elevation: 5235to 5250fl. Coverage: April 20; May 18, 26; June1, 14, 22, July14; August3; 0620-0820.Total man-hours: 3 8 Census:Mourning Dove, 1; W. Meadowlark, 1.
proportion of perennial forbs and grasses.Cooper Mallow, Rough Pigweed,Spurge,Evening-primrose, Tumble-mustard, Bassia hyssopifolia, Crownbeard
acres)
mon. Cheat Grass is the dominant grass, while Red Three-awn and W. Wheat Grass are locally abundant
(Verbesinaencelioides),and Hairy Golden-asterare the
dominant forbs. Spiny Goldenweed(Haplopappus Total: 2 species; 2 territorialmales(25/km:, 10/100 spinulosus),Flixweed, and W. Ragweedare also comYuccais scatteredoverthe N half of the plot. A large 106. WEEDY FIELD (HI). -- Location: Colorado; Black-tailedPrairie Dog town encompasses the plot Adams Co., NE quarter of Section23, T2S, R67W; Edge: Bordered by similar vegetation on all sides, 39ø52'N,104øSl'W,SableQuadrangle,USGS. Continu- althoughasphalttwo-laneroads and power lines run
ity: New.Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular, 835x 1044 parallelto theE andS borders20 yds.E and90 yds S of ft, surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: Weedyannualsare the plot, respectively. The Prairie Dog town doesnot
dominant.PricklyLettuceis the major speciesthrough- extendbeyondthe W or N borders.Topography:Gently out the greatestportionof the plot, althoughCanada rolling.Elevation:S230to S250ft. Coverage:April 19, Thistle and Flixweedare also abundant. The only other May 12, 24; June2, 1S,23; July13; August3; 0615-1040 fairly commonforbs are Kochia and Tumble-mustard. Total man-hours:4.6 Census:BurrowingOwl, 1.S, W Little Barleyis locallycommonand represents the only Meadowlark,0.5; Mourning Dove. +. Total: 3 species,2
grassof any significance. Edge:Borderedby similar territorial males(2S/km:, 10/100 acres). vegetation on all sides.A smallmarshyareadominated by Narrow-leavedCattail lies within 1S0yds.to the N. Topography: Relativelyflat butgentlyslopingto the NE. Elevation:S145to S160ft. Coverage:April 20; May 12, 24, June2, 10, 21; July 13; August2; 0625-0955.Total man-hours: 7.8. Census: W. Meadowlark, 3 (37, 1S);
109. MIXED HABITAT-DISTURBED BOTTOMLAND. -Location: Oklahoma; Washington Co,
Dewey,2 mi. W of intersection of NinthSt andHwy 75 Red-winged Blackbird,2.S;Ring-necked Pheasant,1.S; and 0.3 mi. N on E bank of Caney River; 36ø48'N, Mallard, 0.S; Short-earedOwl, 0.S. Total: 5 species;8 95ø58'W,Tulsa Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estabterritorial males (99/km 2, 40/100 acres). Remarks: One
Mallard nest was located. Two or three singing and
lished 1972; 5 consecutive years. Size: 40.47 ha = 100
acres(irregularrectangleroughly600 x 800 yds.deter-
displaying maleLarkBuntings wereobserved ontheplot minedfrom SCSaerialmap). Descriptionof Plot: See betweenMay 12 and June2 but noneafterJune2.
AB 26:976-977(1972).Weather:A cool,dry spring,five count days were clear, with otherscloudyto partly
cloudy.Threedaysin earlyMayhadlowsin themid-30s 107. WEEDY FIELD (IV). -- Location:Colorado; Coverage: April 5, 13,21,27;May 6, 14,19,31;June19,
26;0615-1140 hours,butonetrip 1245-1525 hours.Total man-hours:38. Census:IndigoBunting,16.5 (41, 17), Gnatcatcher, 13.5(33,14);Cardinal,9 (22,9), ity: New.Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres(rectangular, 835x 1044 Blue-gray ft, surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: Dominatedby Cheat Red-winged Blackbird,8 (20, 8); Corn.Yellowthroat, 7 Cowbird,7; Ruby-throatedHumGrassandweedyforbs.ThemajorforbsincludePrickly (17, 7); Brown-headed Lettuce, Morning-glory,Musk Thistle, Flixweed, mingbird,6 (15, 6); Yellow-billed Cuckoo,4.5 (11, 5), Kochla, and Tumble-mustard.CommonPigweed,Com. BlueJay,4.5; TuftedTitmouse,4.5; CarolinaChickadee, AdamsCo., SE quarterof Section24, T2S, R67W; 39ø52'N,104050'W,SableQuadrangle,USGS. Continu-
Purslane(Portulacaoleracea),Bushy Knotweed(Poly-
4 (10,4); Dickcissel, 4; Red-headedWoodpecker, 3 (7, 3),
3; CarolinaWren, 3; Am. Goldgonurn ramosissimum), RoughPigweed, CanadaThistle, DownyWoodpecker, BraetedVerbena,SmoothBrome (Bromusinermis),W. Wheat Grass,and Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis) are
locallycommon. Edge:Bordered bysimilarvegetation on all sides.An E-W gravelroadandpower'line runparallel to the S border20 yds.S of the plot, anda clumpof ten large PlainsCottonwood occursjust S of the road. Topography:Flat but gentlyslopingto the N. Elevation: S170to S180ft. Coverage:April 20; May 17, 24; June3, 14, 21; July13; August2; 0615-0940.Total man-hours: 72
Census: W.
Meadowlark,
3.S (43, 18); Corn.
Yellowthroat,1.5; N. Oriole,0.5; Marsh Hawk, +; Ring-
Volume31,Number1
finch,2.5; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; E. WoodPewee, 2; Red-eyedVireo,2; Yellow-breasted Chat, 2; Painted Bunting,2; White-breasted Nuthatch,1.5; Field Sparrow, 1.5; Bobwhite,1; Killdeer,1; Great CrestedFlycatcher,1; E. Phoebe,1; Rough-winged Swallow,1, Gray Catbird, 1; White-eyedVireo, 1; Bell's Vireo, 1, N Parula, 1; KentuckyWarbler, 1; E. Meadowlark,1, Summer Tanager,1; PileatedWoodpecker, 0.5;Acadian Flycatcher, 0.5; BrownThrasher,0.5; WarblingVireo, 0.5; Prothonotary Warbler,0.5; OrchardOriole,0 5, Scissor-tailed Flycatcher,+. Total: 42 species;128 ter67
r•torial males (316/km 2, 128/100 acres). Remarks: A
fire, setby a landownerS of the plot, spreadthroughthe dry cattail marshApril 4, and wasstill smolderingon the first day of the count.Exceptfor puddlesafter rains,the marsh was dry throughthe period,and the purification ponds were the only water source.Numbers of male Red-wingedBlackbirdsvariedfrom visitto visit,both at the marsh and ponds; few females were seen. Indigo Buntangnumbersweredownin areaswith no noticeable habitatchange.One Indigo nestheld threecowbirdeggs. The GrayCatbird,BrownThrasher,andWhite-eyedand Warbling Vireos were new species.-- ELLA DELAP, 409N Wyandotte,Dewey,Ok. 74029.
are SeasideHeliotrope(Heliotropiumcurassavtcum),
Rush(]uncus sp.),andPaspalum vaginaturn. A drainage ditchbordered byWaterHyssop •acoparnonniert) comprises0.7%(0.2acre)of theplotandis lcoatednearthe W border.The ditchhasbeenplugged at its S terminus by dredged material.Vegetation on the plotis periodicallyburnedby lightning-caused groundfires.Edge: Borderedby similarplantassociations on the N, E, and
W; bytheG.I.W.W.ontheS.TheS edgeis subject to rapiderosion bywakeactioncreated bypassing barges Therateof erosion is probably measureable in ft/year Topography: Essentially flat ontheN half;risesfairly abruptlyontheS, especially wherelargemounds have beencreatedat pipelinedischarge points.Elevation: 2 ft
above meansealevelontheN half;risesto 10ft along 110. COASTAL
PRIAIRE:
DREDGED
MATERIAL
DISPOSAL SITE. -- Location: Texas; ChambersGo., on N bank of the Gulf IntracoastalWaterway,1500ft E of the swingbridgeon TX 124; 29ø33'N,94ø22'W,Mud Lake Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. (197S)Size: 11 9 ha = 29.4 acres (rectangular,3200 ft x 400 ft; orientedN39øE(true),pacedwith compass). Description
theS edgeexceptonthelargermounds whereelevations
reach15 ft. Weather:Overcast, 10-15mphwindson 2 days;clearand calm on all others.Morningtemperatureswerein the mid 70s.Coverage: May 16-21,
0600-0900 hours. Totalman-hours: 21.5.Census (1975}: Red-winged Blackbird(females),34 (286, 116); Com.
Yellowthroat, 6 (50, 20);Com.Nighthawk, 3 (25, 10), Brown-headed Cowbird (females), 3; E. Meadowlark, 1
of Plot: Dredgedmaterialfrom G.I.W.W. wasinitially Total: 5 species;47 territorial males or females
placed ontheS halfoftheplotbetween 1931and1933. (395/km2, 160/100 acres).Remarks: Nine male RedMounds(S) werecreatedat 600 ft intervalsat pipeline winged Blackbirds established territories on the plot
discharge points;mounddiameters variedfromapprox- Harem sizesrangedfrom 1 to 6. Nestsfound(34) Redimately17Sto 225 ft. Additionaldisposals tookplaceon wingedBlackbird,31; Com.Nighthawk,3. All Redthe sameareain 19S2and 196S.The disposalsiteswere wingedBlackbird nestswerein Silverlings. All Corn diked during all three disposalperiodsso that slurry Nighthawk nestswerein shallow, sandydepressions flowedN awayfromtheG.I.W.W. Vegetation ontheplot locatedalongunvegetated areaperipheries. FourRed-
wasquantitativelysurveyed in August1974usinga ran- wingedBlackbirdnestswereparasitized by Browndomquadratmethod.No treesarepresent.A SeaOxeye headed Cowbirds; at least2 weresubsequently aban(Borrtchlafrutescens) - Gulf CoastCordgrass (Spartina doned. Thiscensus wasperformed in anefforttogather spartmae) associationis establishedon the dredged baseline datafordescription ofplantandanimalsuccesmaterialand comprises 40.1% (11.8 acres)of the plot. sionpatterns onU.S.Army,Corpsof Engineers (COE) Sea Oxeye and Silverling (Baccharishalimifolia) dredged material disposal sites. Thestudy wassupported dominatethe shrublayerand havea density(stems/acre) bytheCOE,Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, of 18,182 and 1S09 respectively. The shrub canopy MS under grant number DACW 39-74-C-0092 -averages3 ft in height.Gulf CoastCordgrass.Boneset STEPHEN B. ATKINS, RONALD G. PSCION, and
(Eupatorium serotinum ), andBroomsedge (AndropogonDAVID M. DuMOND,Coastal ZoneResources Corp, ternarius)arethedominantherbs.Percentcoverbyeach Wilmington,N. C. 28401. is Gulf CoastCordgrass, 7.S;Boneset, 6.8; Broomsedge, S A Silveriing-Salt MeadowCordgrass (Spartlnapatens) association borders the former associaton on the N and
111. DISTURBED
RIPARIAN
STREAM
BORDER.
extendsto the N plot boundary.The Silverling-Salt -- Location: California; Solano Go., Lake Solano Go Meadow Cordgrassassociationcovers49.7% (14.6 acres) Park (campground), alongthe S bank of Putah Creek4 of the plot. Silverlingand SeaOxeyeare the dominant mi. SW of Winters; 38ø36'N, 122ø2'W, Mr. Vaca shrubsand havea density(stems/acre) of 2742and 2448 Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1973, 3 respectively.Shrub canopyheight averages6 ft. Salt intermittentyears.Size:6.37 ha = 1S.7acres(approxMeadowCordgrassis the dominantherb and covers7S% imatelyrectangular240 x 2850ft, paced).Descriptionof oftheherblayer.Silveriing-Com. Reed(Phragmites corn- Plot: See AB 27: 1005 (1973). Dominant canopy, mums)associations comprise2% (0.6 acre)of the plot understory,and groundcoverspeciesremain as in 1973 andarescattered throughout. A shrublayeroccursalong Minimal landscapinghas been addedto the area, and theouterperipheries oftheseassociations; shrubcanopy the groundcover is well trampledin early springafter heightsrangefrom2 to S ft. Silverling isthesolespecies severalweekendsof heavyusage.A quantitativeanalysis presentand has a densityof 2S29stems/acre.Common Reedis the onlyherbpresent,covering100%of the herb layer,and attaininga heightof 12 ft. Unvegetated areas comprise7.S% (2.2 acres)of the plot and are alsoscatteredthroughout.The term "unvegetated"is somewhat incorrectasa fewof theseareasareactuallycovered by a verysparselayerof short-livedspringand earlysummer annualsand plantswith longrhizomesystems that have extendedin from adjacentassociations. Most common
68
of the vegetationin 1975shows:Trees,3-inchesdiameter and over, based on five 0.1-acre circular samples, 234/acre;total basalarea55.2 ft2/acre.Species comprising 96.3%of thetotal numberof trees(figuresafter each givenumberof trees/acre,relativedensity(%), relative
dominance(%), frequency(%), in that sequence)Fremont CottonwoodO%pulusfremontii), 78, 33, 48.6, 60, willow (Salix spp.), 70, 30, 13.4, 80; Black Walnut (]uglansnigra), 66, 28, 31.9, 80; Elderberry(Sambucus
American Birds,January,1977
rnextcana), 8, 3, 1.4, 20; Box-elder(Acernegundo),6, 3, these flycatchers. --KELLER 1 1, 20. Treesby diametersizeclass[figuresafter each JENSEN, RICK MCROSTIE,
classgivenumberof trees/acre, relativedensity(%),
MCDONALD, BOB Avian Science Deœt, Universityof California,Davis,Calif. 95616.
basalarea (ft2/acre),relativedominance(%)]:A (3-6 in.)
158,68, 15.8,28.6;B (6-9in.)46, 20, 13.4,24.3;C (9-15 112. INSULAR SCRUB OAK WOODLAND. -in ) 26, 11, 20.8, 37.7; D (15-21in.) 4, 2, 5.2, 9.4. Shrub stems/acre17,400; ground cover 69%; canopycover Location:California; Santa Barbara Co., Santa Cruz 60%, average canopyheight42.4ft (range37-50).Also Island, 1/8 mi. NE of ChannelIslandsField Station, present, but notsurveyed, areseveral largeValleyOaks 34øN, 119ø42'W, Santa Cruz Island B Quadrangle, (Quercus lobata)whichprovidehabitatandfoodsources USGS. Photographof studyplot on file at Channel for manybirds.1975.Weather:Hot and dry; 14 days Islands Field Station. Continuity: New. Size: 4.3 ha = wereabove90øF,and only0.2 in. of rain (0.95in. below 10.6 acres (irregular, area determinedfrom aerial normal)fell. Coverage: April 20; May 5-6, 8, 12, 16, 22- photograph). Deserlption of Plot:Locatedonlowerpor23, 28, June4; 10 trips, 1645-1930hoursand0550-0800 tion of steep,south-facing slope;transcoted by three hours,PDT. Total man-hours:76. Census:Starling,17 deeplycutgullies,whichconverge at baseof slopeontoa (268,108);ScrubJay,9 (142,57);BrownTowhee,8 (126, more shallowlyslopeddrainagefan. Woodyvegetation 51), PlainTitmouse,6 (94,38);Rufous-sided Towhee,6; concentratedin areasof higher moisturecontentand Corn Bushtit,5 (79, 32); CaliforniaQuail, 4 (63, 25); suitable soil conditions to the sides and bottoms of the Black-headedGrosbeak,4; Acorn Woodpecker3 (47, threemajorgulliesandto the shallowly slopeddrainage 19), DownyWoodpecker, 3; Corn.Flicker,2; Nuttall's fan.Analysis ofvegetation withinthesepatches, basedon Woodpecker, 2; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 2; Bewick's four 0.1-acre circular samples,yielded the following Wren, 2; CaliforniaThrasher,2; Am. Robin,2; Swain- results.Trees, 3-inchesdiameter and over: 410/acre son'sThrush,2; HouseSparrow,2; SongSparrow,2; Species comprising 90% of the total numberof trees Anna'sHummingbird, 1.Total:20 species; 84territorial Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa), 323, 79, 98, 100, males(1322/km2;535/100acres). Remarks:Nestsfound, Ceanothusinsularis,55, 11, 1, 75. As both of these 15 Corn.Flicker, 1; AcornWoodpecker,1; Corn.Bush- species commonly growfrom largebasalbuds,major tit, 2, Am. Robin, 2; Starling,9. The bridge at the trunksoriginatingfrom a singlehurl wererecordedas NE cornerprovidednestingsitesfor a largecolonyof individual trees. Owing to its long-standingisolation Cliff Swallows.A dramatic (53%) increase in nesting
from mainland fire cycles, the island chaparral is
Starlings hasoccurred since1973;generally theyforaged characteristically larger than similar mainlandvegetain pasture landawayfromtheplot.Comparison withthe tion. Dimensions of Q. dumosa are: average trunk 1973censusshowsAsh-throatedFlycatcherand Nuttall's diameterat groundlevel,6 in.; average treeheight,16ft Woodpeckermost affectedby the Starlingincrease. Miscellaneous treespeciesinclude:Mountain-mahogany 1976. Weather: Hot and dry; 6 daysabove90ø and no (Cercocarœus betuloides),Catalina Cherry (Prunus precipitation. The preceding winterwasexceptionallylyonii), Buckthorn(Rhamnuscrocea),Laurel Sumac dry, Oct.-Feb. 11.8 in. belownormal,Coverage:May 18-19,21-22, 25, 27-28; June2-4; 0530-1030hours,PDT. Total man-hours:23. Census:Starling, 18 (283, 115);
LRhus laurina), Sugar Bush (Rhus ovata), Pepper (Schinusmolle),willow(Salix sp.), and CoastLive Oak
(Q. agrifolia).The singlerepresentative of Q. agr•foha ScrubJay, 8 (126, 51); Plain Titmouse,5 (79, 32); (approximately 45 ft high,25 in. dbh)in the upperporBewlck'sWren, 5; Corn. Bushtit,4 (63, 25); SongSpar- tion of the centralgully,wheresmallamountsof water row,4; HouseSparrow,3 (47, 19);Rufous-sided Towhee, flowfrom a permanentspring.This areaalsosupportsa 25 ft high), this 3, BrownTowhee,3; CaliforniaQuail, 2; AcornWood- densethicket of Salix (approximately alsooccursin a limitedamountin the western pecker,2; Nuttall'sWoodpecker, 2; Red-winged Black- species bird, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird,2; Black-headedGros- gullyoftheplot.Majorshrubspecies include:Chaparral beak, 2; Mourning Dove, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Downy Woodpecker,1; BlackPhoebe,1; White-breasted Nuthatch,1; CaliforniaThrasher,1; Am. Robin, 1; Swainson'sThrush, 1; N. Oriole, 1. Total: 24 species;74 territorial males (1165/km:, 471/100 acres). Remarks: Nestsfound,11: Starling,6; ScrubJay,2; Corn.Flicker, 1, Nuttall's Woodpecker,1; Am. Robin, 1. Family
groupsobserved, 18: ScrubJay,4; Corn.Bushtit,4; Bewick'sWren, 4; CaliforniaQuail, 2; Plain Titmouse, 2, Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Song Sparrow, 1. The extremelydry,warmwinterandspringmayhavecaused exceptionally earlynestingin manyspecies.By May 21 much of the groundcoverand understoryhad begunto turn brown and dry out. The number of Starlings remainedfairly const•intfrom 1975 to 1976,but other
Broom (Baccharispilularis), Mule Fat
(Bacchar•s
viminca),CaliforniaSagebrush (Artemesiacaliformca), Poison Oak LRhus diversiloba), Mountain-mahogany, Wild Cucumber (Marah macrocarpus), and Monkey-
flower(Mimuluslongifiorusand M. fiemingii). Canopy cover85%; vegetationform low and spreading(average distancefrom groundto lowestbranches4.5 ft.). Ground
cover,90%; consisting mainly of severalspeciesof grasses andherbaceous annuals.The dry, rockyridges separating the maingulliessupportonlysparse,patchy vegetation(in most casesonly one or two individual plants),consisting of the followingprincipalspecies (m order of decreasingabundance):Prickly-pear(Opuntm occidentalis), Ceanothusinsularis,ScrubOak Mountain-
mahogany,Chamise(Adenostoma fasciculatum),and cavity-nesting individuals decreased from12 to 7 (42%). SugarBush.Groundcoveron ridgespracticallynonAsh-throatedFlycatchersdecreasedfrom 5 territorial existentowingto an unusuallydry winter and severe malesin 1973to 2 in 1975,and to visitorstatusin 1976. It overgrazing by feralsheep.In summary,the southfacing is felt that competitionwith Starlingsstronglyaffects slopehabitatis characterized by verypatchyvegetatlonal distribution,with drainageareassupportingvery dense Scrub Oak woodlandand interveningridgesvery low
Volume31,Number1
69
densitiesof typicalchaparralspecies.Edge: Slopeabove plot supportsincreasingly sparsevegetationcontinuous with that describedabove;the loweredgeis boundedby an extensive washdenselyvegetated withB. viminca.The lowerhalf of the plot is boundedon eithersideby fenced, grassyfields;continuoushabitat extendsE and W from the upperhalf. Elevation:200-750ft. Coverage:March 29, April 30; May 1-3, 7-9, 10, 1S;seventripsbeginning
(figuresafter each give number of trees/acre,relative density in %, relative dominance,frequency,in the sequence): CaliforniaLiveOak, 86, 65, 65, 10;California
at 0600 hours and three at 1730 hours. Total man-hours:
32, 4.2, 3; B (6-9 in.) 30, 23, 9.0, 6; C (9-15 in.) 30, 23, 24.0 17; D (15-21 in.) 14, 11, 25.2, 18; E (21-27 in ) 6, 5, 18.6, 13; F (27-33 in.) 4, 3, 19.6, 14; G (33-40 in ) 6, 5,
1S Partial censuseson 12 additional days. Total man-hours: 40. Census:Bewick's Wren, 4; (93, 38); Orange-crownedWarbler, 4; Rufous-crownedSparrow, 3 S (82, 33); Anna'sHummingbird,3 (70, 28); ScrubJay, 3, Corn.Bushtit,3; Rufous-sided Towhee,3; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,1.S; Allen's Hummingbird, 1; Hurtoh's Vireo, 1. Total: 10 species;27 territorial males(639/km•, 255/100 acres).Remarks:Territoriesof all specieswere
Sycamore,28, 21, 12, 60; dead trees, 14, 11, 22, 100,
White Alder (Alnusrhombifolia),4, 3, 3, 20. Treesby diametersizeclass(figuresafter eachclassgivenumber of trees/acre,relativedensityin %, basalareain fta/acre,
relativedominance in %, in that sequence): A (3-6in.)42,
42.6, 30. Shrubstems/acre,94,400;groundcover80%, canopycover62%;averagecanopyheight48 ft (range3858).Edge:Borderedto the E andW by moreor lessgentle slopescoveredwith scatteredgrowthsof White Sage (Salviaapiana), CaliforniaSagebrush,Laurel Sumac, Prickly-pearCactus(Opuntiasp.) and Wild Buckwheat mainlyassociated withthedensewoodland vegetation in (Eriogonum fasciculatum); borderedon the N and S by the drainageareas;while the sparsevegetationfound contiguousriparian woodland.Topograpy:Flat canyon alongthe ridgeswasfrequentlyincludedwithintheseter- bottom. Elevation: 740 ft. Weather: Maximum temritor•es,in no casedid a pair of any speciesentirely peratures60øto 94øF,averaging74.4øfor the month of restrictits activitiesto thisapparentlymarginalhabitat. May. Mostearlymornings wereovercast withcoastalfog Special thanks to Charles T. Collins for his field whichdrifted overheadand usuallydissipatedby 0900 assistance and suggestions. Also, I am indebtedto Carey hours.Precipitation:0.03 in. Coverage:May 3-4, 10, 17Stanton,for permissionto usethe island,and to Lyndal 19, 21, 26; 0430-0930hours, PST. Total man-hours 62. Laughtinof the ChannelIslandsField Station.Financial Census:HouseWren, 13.5 (199, 80); Starling,13 (191, supportfor certainaspectsof this studywasprovided,in 77); Ash-throatedFlycatcher,6 (88, 36); Rufous-slded part, by the American Museum of Natural History's Towhee,5 (74, 30); BrownTowhee,4.5 (66, 27); Scrub ChapmanFund, the E1 DoradoAudubonSociety,and Jay, 4 (59, 24); Plain Titmouse, 4; Corn. Bushtit, 4, the Pasadena Audubon Society. -JONATHAN Orange-crownedWarbler, 3.5 (51, 21); White-breasted ATWOOD, Dept. of Biology, Calif. State Univ. Long Nuthatch,2.5; Bewick'sWren, 2.5; Black-chinnedHumBeach, Calif. 90840. mingbird,2; Corn.Flicker, 2; W. Wood Pewee,2, Hutton's Vireo, 2; N. Oriole, 2; LesserGoldfinch,2, Nuttall's Woodpecker,1.5; Black-headedGrosbeak,1 5, 113. SYCAMORE-COAST LIVE OAK-RIPARIAN Mourning Dove, 1; Acorn Woodpecker,1; W FlyWOODLAND. -- Location: California; Orange Co., on catcher,1; W. Bluebird, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; House StarrRanchAudubonSanctuary,in Bell Canyon,4.5 mi. Finch, 1; Lawrence'sGoldfinch,1; SongSparrow,1, SE of TrabucoCanyonP.O. (5 mi. N of the entranceto Am. Kestrcl,0.5; Anna'sHummingbird,0.S;Red-tailed Ronald W. CaspersRegionalPark on Ortega Hwy); Hawk, +; Barn Owl, +. Total: 31 species;88 territorial 33ø36'3(Y'N, 117ø34tW, Canada Gobernadora Quad-
rangle,USGS.Continuity:New.Size:6.8ha = 16.8acres (roughlyrectangular, 575 x 1657ft. in extremedimensions,withlongsidesapproximately N-S; surveyed with hand-heldcompassand measuredwith steel tape). Descriptionof Plot: Canyon-bottom riparian woodland with an intermittentstreamcuttingthroughplot in N-S direction.Water is usuallypresentafter the first heavy rainsof the seasonand remainsthroughmid-July.A N-S dirt roadalsorunsmoreor lessthroughthe middleof the
males or females (1294/km2, 524/100 acres).Visitors: Red-shouldered Hawk, California Quail, Wrentit,
Phainopepla,Rufous-crowned Sparrow.Remarks:29 nestsof the followingspecies werelocated:Starling,13, HouseWren, 7; Black-chinnedHummingbird,2; RedtailedHawk, 1; Anna'sHummingbird,1; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Bewlck's Wren, 1; W. Bluebird, 1; Brown Towhee, 1. Special
thanksto DavidR. Bontragerfor helpwiththevegetation surveyand generalencouragement. --BOB and
plot Dominantcanopytreesare CaliforniaLive Oak RUTH LOVELESS, Starr Ranch AudubonSanctuary, (Quercusagrifolia) and CaliforniaSycamore(Platanus PO Box 15Z SanJuanCapistrano,Calif. 92675. racemosa).Most prominentin the understoryare young California Live Oak, Lemonadeberry(Rhus integrifolia) 114. MAPLE THICKET. -- Location: Utah; Cache and California Sagebrush (Artemesia californica); Redberry CRhamnuscrocea)and Laurel Sumac CRhus Co., W borderbegins0.5 mi. E of GreenCanyonCaveon laurtna) are distributedthroughthe area and in some the S sideof GreenCanyonRd, 41ø46'24•A•N,111ø45'W, placesthereis a greatdeal of PoisonOak (Toxicoden- SmithfieldQuadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established drondiversilobum). Alongthe streambedis considerable 1975. Size: 4.86 ha = 12 acres.Descriptionof Plot: See Seep-willow (Baccharis glutinosa)andsomewillow(Salix AB 29:1124 (1975).Coverage:May 16, 23, 30; June6, 20, sp) The groundcoverconsistsprimarily of a thick 27; 0700-1100,and 1400-1700.Total 14.5 party-hoursor growthof variousunidentifiedgrasses. A quantitative 53 man-hours.Census:Warbling Vireo, 17, (350, 142), surveyof thevegetation gavethe followingresults:Trees LazuliBunting,14 (288,117);ChippingSparrow,5 (103, 3-inches diameter and over, based on five 0.1-acre cir- 42); Orange-crowned Warbler,4 (82, 33); CalliopeHumcular samples,132/acre;total basalarea 143.2ft'/acre. mingbird,2; Swainson's Thrush, 2; Cassin'sFinch, 1 45 territorialmales(927/km•, 375/100 Speciescomprising100% of the total numberof trees Total: 7 species,
70
American Birds,January,1977
acres) Remarks: Nest: Cassin's Finch, 1. Evidence of
nestingpairswasas follows:LazuliBunting(6), WarbhngVireo(3),ChippingSparrow (2),Swainsoh's Thrush (2), CalliopeHumingbird(1). Therewasa largecicada outbreakduring the last half of June.The apparent increasefrom 26 to 45 territorialmalesis partlya result of thelatecoverage lastyear(only2 tripsbeforeJune21). Conductedas a BridgerlandAudubonprojectby Robert Clemans,Alice Lindahl, ShawnMurphy, Rick and Judi Nunes, Dave and Ann Schimpf, and Jan Young. -RICK NUNES, 142 W. CenterSt., Logan,Utah, 84321.
(Lazuli, 3; Indigo, 0.5; hybrid, 0.5); E. Kingbird, 3 (31, 13); W. Meadowlark, 3; Am. Goldfinch, 3; Am. Kestrel,
2; Warbling Vireo, 2; SongSparrow,2; Rufous-slded Towhee, 1.5; Mallard, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1; Black-
billed Magpie, 1; Black-cappedChickadee,1; Gray Catbird, 1; Yellow-breasted Chat, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 0.5. Total: 25 speciesplus one hybrid; 139.5 territorial males(1436/km2, 581/100 acres).Excludingthe colonial nesting herons, 107.5 territorial males (1107/km2, 448/100 acres). Remarks: The ratio of live to dead trees remains
about
the same-about
75%
dead
from
the
deprivationof water describedin 1974. The reservoir 115. FLOODPLAIN COTTONWOOD FOREST. -level has not changedmuch from the beginningof last Location:Colorado;Weld Co., on W bank of S Platte year; it recededfrom the peak at the end of the 1975 River about 6 mi. S and 1.S mi. E of Johnstown,extendnestingseason.Sincethe beginningof the censusGreat lng from confluenceof St. Vrain Creek and S Platte BlueHeronshavesteadilyincreased,from 9 nestsin 1971 River S about 0.7 mi. Parts of Sects.34&35, T4N, R67W; to 32 thisyear;the obviouscauseis the protectionof the 40ø16'N, 104ø52'W,Milliken Quadrangle,USGS. Con- nestingsite and the developmentof a large, protected tinuity:Established1973;4 consecutive years.Size:52.2 feedingarea at the reservoir.Openingboth shoresof the ha = 128.9 acres(measuredfrom an aerial photo with reservoirto fishing,and eventuallyto boating,may have planLmeter). Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 27:997 (1973). a future effectupon the herons.Among other species, Weather:Mostlyclear,dry and warm.Coverage: May 6, canopynestershavedeclined,not unexpectedly.Yellow 13,23,31;June7, 13,21;July2; 0620-0945. Totalman- Warblersand robinshavedroppedto half their average hours 18. Cemns: House Wren, 34 (65, 26); Starling, 29 of the first four years.Cavity-nestingspeciesshowedno (56, 22), Corn.Flicker, 10 (19, 8); Mourning Dove,7 (13, definite pattern. Flickers increasedfrom 1 pair to 5, S), Corn. Yellowthroat, 7; Brown-headed Cowbird DownyWoodpeckersdisappeared.HouseWrens, which (females),7; Killdeer, S (10, 4); E. Kingbird, S; Am. increasedby 20% during the first 2 years of dead trees, Robin, S; Red-headedWoodpecker,4 (8, 3); Spotted droppedback to their previouslevelthis year. Starlings Sandpiper,3 (6, 2); Downy Woodpecker,3; Black- increased,kestrelsmaintained probablythe maximum cappedChickadee,3; W. Meadowlark,3; N. Oriole, 3; supportablepopulationwithin a grove this size. Birds Mallard, 2; Am. Kestrel, 2; Black-billed Magpie, 2; preferring edge habitat maintained stable numbers BrownThrasher,2; Lazuli Bunting,2; SongSparrow,2; (orioles,buntings,E. Kingbirds).Birdsnestingin brush, Ring-necked Pheasant,1; BeltedKingfisher,1; Rough- usuallyonlyone or two pairs per species,alsocontinued -- whichweretwicetheir wingedSwallow,1; BlueJay,1; Yellow-breasted Chat,1; stable,exceptfor yellowthroats Blue Grosbeak, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1. Total: 28 species; previousaverage.We recorded2 new speciesthis year 147 territorial males and female cowbirds (282/km 2, W. Meadowlark and Red-wingedBlackbird. We found 114/100 acres).Remarks: An increasein total species 62 nests, including 32 herons, 9 Starlings, 6 House from 14 in 1975to 27 maybe attributedto a changeof Wrens, 5 robins, 3 flickers, 2 orioles, and one each of observers. Numbers of territorial males increased for 23 Mallard, owl, dove,kingbird, and magpie.--NANCY species, decreased for 4, andremainedunchanged for 2. HURLEY, URLING KINGERY, HUGH KINGERY Largestincreaseswerenotedin Starlingfrom 20 in 1975 (compiler),869MilwaukeeStreet,Denver,Colo.,80206 to 29 and Killdeer from 0 to S. Red-wingedBlackbirds and Great Horned Owlswerenot territorial,yet a pair of
Great Horned Owls was observedwith youngnear the 117. RESERVOIR SHORELINE COTTONWOOD plot This studyis an environmental monitoringprogram evaluatingthe effects of the Fort St. Vrain Nuclear FOREST. -- Location: Colorado; Adams Co., Bart Lake GeneratingStation.-- HERMAN J. GRIESE, Dept. of StatePark, 3 mi. SE of Brighton;parts of sections23, 26 Fisheryand WildlifeBiology,Colorado StateUniv.,Fort. and 27, T1S, R66W, 39ø57'N,104ø45'W,Brighton and Colhns, Colo. 80523. Mile High Lakes Quadrangles USGS. Continuity: Established 1975. Size: 29 ha = 72 acres (determined
from aerial photographs).Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1130-1131 (1975).Weather: Similar to 1975. Highs Location:Colorado;JeffersonCo., about 10 mi. SW of fromupper70sto lower90sF; windslight;no morethan Denver,NE/4, Sec.14, T6S, R69W, 6th PM; 39ø32'N, 0.5 in. of precipitation.Coverage: May 28; June4, 13, 24, 10S%'W, Littleton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: July2, 10, 29; August8; between0700 and 1145hours, Established1971;6 consecutive years.Size:9.7 ha = 24 averaging 3 hrsin length,in warm,sunny,calmweather 116. FLOODPLAIN
COTTONWOOD
FOREST.
--
acres.Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 25:966-967(1971). Total man-hours: 23.5. Census:House Wren, 13 (45, 18), Corn.Yellowthroat,12 (41, 17); Starling,10 (34, 14), April 9, 18;May 23, 29, 31; June6, 26;July3, 18;August Red-winged Blackbird,10; N. (Bullock's)Oriole,9 (31,
Weather: Drier than usual. Coverage:March 21, 27;
1S, 0700-1400 hours. Total man-hours: 23. Census: 13); Mourning Dove, 8 (27, 11); Mallard, 6 (21, 8), E Great Blue Heron, 32 (329, 133); House Wren, 28 (288, Kingbird, 5 (17, 7); Corn. Grackle, 5; Black-billed
117), Starling,11 (113, 46); Yellow Warbler, 11; Corn. Magpie,4 (14,6); Am. Robin,4; YellowWarbler,4; Blue Yellowthroat,8 (82, 33); N. (Bullock's)Oriole, 7 (72, 29);
Grosbeak, 4; Corn. (Red-shafted) Flicker, 3 (10, 4),
Am Robin,6 (62, 25); Corn.Flicker,S (S1,21);Mournlng Dove, 4.5 (46, 19); Passerinabuntings,4 (41, 17)
Downy Woodpecker,3; Black-cappedChickadee,3, Warbling Vireo, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Am
Volume31, Number 1
71
Kestrel, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1; W. Wood Pewee, 1;
(47, 19); Brown Creeper, 5.5; Pine Siskin, 5 (43, 17);
Orchard Oriole, 1; Black-headedGrosbeak,1; Lazuli
Corn. Bushtit, 3 (26. 10); Swainson'sThrush, 3; DarkeyedJunco,3; Hutton's Vireo, 2.5; Wrentit, 2; Orangeritorial males (391/kin:, 158/100 acres). Remarks: TercrownedWarbler, 2; Song Sparrow, 2; Acorn Woodritorial males increased6% over last year. Six species pecker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Steller'sJay, 1; Pygmy (Am. Kestrel, Great Horned Owl, W. Wood Pewee, Nuthatch, 1; Winter Wren, 1; Bewick's Wren, 1; Hermit Black-headedGrosbeak,Lazuli Bunting,SongSparrow) Thrush, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Turkey Vulture, +; were new this year, with I territorial male for each. Mourning Dove, +; Allen's Hummingbird, +; Corn. Increased car and truck traffic on the canal road borderRaven, +. Total: 26 species;69.5 territorial males
Bunting,1; SongSparrow,1. Total:25 species; 114ter-
ing the plot, and the clearingof three 2 m: areasof vegetation (mostlyweeds)alongthe edgeof the roadfor placement of benches andtrashbarrelscausedminimal effect.The park remainedclosedto the publicthroughout the springand summer.-- ROBERT ANDREWS, 1390S. Ivy Way, Denver,Colo.80224.
(592/km:,240/100acres).Remarks:During5 yearsthere hasbeena yearlydeclinein breedingmales.The largest decline occurred between 1972 and 1974, 393/100 acres
to 276/100 acres.The followingnestswerefound:Acorn Woodpecker(1), Chestnut-backed Chickadee(1), Brown Creeper(2), PygmyNuthatch (2), Bushtit (1), Wilson's Warbler,(1), Rufous-sided Towbee(1), SongSparrow(1). Contribution
118. CALIFORNIA
- BAY - BISHOP
PINE - MIXED
FOREST. -- Location: California; Marin Co., 0.S mi. S
No.
139.
P.B.R.O.
--
ROBERT
M.
STEWART, Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Bolinas, Calif. 94924.
of Inverness;38ø03 'N, 122øS0 'W, InvernessQuadrangle, 119. OPEN ASPEN GROVE - SCATTERED CONUSGS. Continuity: Established 1972; S consecutive years. Size: 11.7 ha = 29 acres (approximatelyree- IFERS. -- Location: Colorado; Larimer Co., Rocky Mountain National Park, NE % Sec. 31, TSN, R73W; tangMar, 900 x 1S00ft, measured).Descriptionof Plot: See AB 26:981 (1972). Weather: The winter of 197S-76 40ø22'N, 105ø3TW, Longs Peak Quadrangle(7%'), wasverydry. At P.R.B.O. headquartersapproximately USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 14.0 ha = 34.6 acres 11 mi. S only 17.6 in. of rain wasrecordedcomparedto a (basicallyrectangular,surveyedwith tape and Brunton 9-yearaverageof 37.3 in. On censusdaysit was 100% compass;recheckedwith an electronic digital planclearwith little or no wind. Coverage:March 24; April imeter). Descriptionof Plot: Open aspengrovesand 21; May 7, 2,5;JuneS, 17; 0S30-1130hours.Total man- meadowslie in a shallow,linearvalleyon the N sideof a hours: 20.S. Census: Wilson's Warbler, 7.S (64, 26); largeglacialvalley(Moraine Park), whichis borderedon Chestnut-backed Chickadee, 7 (60, 24); Rufous-sided the N by a lateral moraine. Over-browsingby deer is Towhee,7; PurpleFinch,6.S(5S,22); W. Flycatcher,S.S reflected in the tree diameter statistics which show vir-
Census 119.LookingS towardsLong'sPeak.Studyplot inforeground.Photo/PaulaHansley. 72
AmericanBirds,January,1977
tuallynoaspensaplings; nearlyall aspenseedlings have 214/100 acres).Remarks: Nests located: Tree Swallow, beennipped.If theover-browsing continues, theseaspen 8; HouseWren, S; Williamsoh'sSapsucker,3; Mountain stands-- ratherthan beingsucceeded by spruceandfir
Chickadee,3; PygmyNuthatch,3; White-breastedNut-
-- will gradually dieout.The QuakingAspen(Populus hatch,1; Hairy Woodpeeker, 1; DownyWoodpecker, 1, tremuloides) is,byfar, thedominanttree;however, fully Yellow-belliedSapsucker,1; Dusky Flycatcher,1; Am V3 (314%) are dead. Live aspendbh's basedon 24
Robin, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1. This wasthe driest season
hundredth-acretransects(353 trees)are, as follows:0-9
in fiveyears(wintersnowpack was60%of normal);areas within the plot that previously had been marshywere 3 3% Deadaspendbh'sare:0-9 cm,5.4%;10-19cm, completelydry. Despitethis, populationswere normal 73 9%, 20-29cm, 20.7%.Canopyheightaverages 12 m, The Yellow-belliedSapsuckernestedfor the first time range10-15m. Othertrees,predominantly conifers, are Thanksto RockyMountainNationalPark for permiscm, 1.2%; 10-19cm, 42.6%;20-29cm, 52.9%;30-39cm,
scattered sparsely throughout. Ponderosa Pine (th'nus sion to do the study and to David Buckher, Allen ponderosa) dbh'sare:0-9 cm, 0%; 10-19cm, 11.5%;20- Crockett, and Louise Hering for their assistance-29 cm, 11.5%; 30-39 cm, 7.7ø7o; 40-49 cm, 7.7%; 50-59 PAULA L. HANSLEY, 7?0 Concord, Apt. C, Boulder, cm, 15.4%; 60-69 cm, 26.9%; 70-79 cm, 21.7%.
Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga rnenziesii): 0-9 cm, 13.0%;1019 era,30.4%;20-29cm,30.4%;30-39cm, 17.4%;40-59 cm, 0ø70; 60-69cm, 4.3%. Minor treesincludeLodgepole Pine (P. contorta),Limber Pine (P.flexilis), Engelmann
Spruce(t%ea engelrnanni), RockyMountainJuniper •lumperusscopulorum), MountainAlder (Alnustenu•oha), and RockyMountainMaple (Acerglabrum).A veryfew conifersaplingsare scattered throughout the area,perhapsowingto lackof shadefromthethinning aspengroves. The understory is complex, reflecting the
Colo. 80302.
120. PONDEROSA PINE - SCRUB OAK - MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY WOODLAND. -- Location: Col-
orado;DouglasCo., Onemi. E of Franktown,on Hwy 86; 39ø20'N,104ø40'W,ElizabethQuadrangle,USGS Continuity:Established 1968;9 consecutive years.Size: 8.09ha = 20 acres(surveyed; a trapezium, 453.7ft onthe N, 607.36ft on the S alongHwy. 86, 1906.4ft on the E,
variability of soil conditionsfrom marshy under the
1649.9ft on the W). Weather: An extremelydry spring
andmakingwalkingdifficult.Shrubsinclude,in orderof abundance:ShrubbyCinquefoil(Pentaphylloides fioribunda), Corn. Juniper (J. communis),SquawCurrent (R•bescereurn), varioussages(Arternisiatridentata,A. ludowciana, A. frigida, A. dracunculus), AntelopeBitter-
W. Bluebird, 13 (161, 65); W. Wood Pewee,2; House
June1, 11, 19, 28; July6, 10, 19, 27; August4, aspens towell-drained ontherockyslopes. Deadtreeslit- Coverage: ter the groundcreatingtheir own micro-environment12, 20; 0800-2030hours.Total man-hours:44. Census:
Wren, 2; MourningDove,1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Black-headedGrosbeak,1. Total: 6 species;20 territorial males(247/km:, 100/100 acres).Visitors: Turkey
brush (Purshia tridentata), Wild Rose (Rosa woodsii),
Vulture (overhead), Cooper'sHawk, Broad-tailedHummingbird,RufonsHummingbird,Corn. (Red-shafted)
June 12, a hard freeze and snowdown to 7500 ft caused
DownyWoodpecker, Black-headed Grosbeak,Rufous-
DownyWoodpecker, StelThnnbleberry(Rubusparviflorus),Waxflower•larnesia Flicker,Hairy Woodpeeker, Chickarnencana),Rabbitbrush(Chrysotharnnus nauseosus), let's Jay,ScrubJay,Corn.Crow,Black-capped and Golden Current (R. aureurn). Elevation: 8300-8400 adee, Mountain Chickadee, Pygmy Nuthatch, Am. ff Edge and Topography:The valleyslopesgentlyE. Robin, Solitary Vireo, Virginia's Warbler, BrownBorderedon the N by a morainalridgecoveredwith an headed Cowbird, W. Tanager, House Finch, Lesser Towbee,Lark Sparrow,ChipopenPonderosa Pineforest.Bedrockridgeswith open Goldfinch,Rufous-sided brought coniferstandslie to the S, and aspengrovescontinue pingSparrow.Remarks:Fourof thesespecies downthe valleyto the E. Weather: Clear and dry. Tem- youngto waterandfeedbut I couldnotdetermineif they peraturevariablefrom25øto 75øF.Duringtheweekof had territorieson or off the plot: Hairy Woodpecker, manyaspenleavesto turn black;associated wind blew down many trees including some live nest trees. Coverage:May 23, 29, 31; June 6, 13, 19, 29; July 3; 0545-1000 hours. Total man-hours: 23. Census: House
sided Towbee. There were 13 nests in boxes, Other nests
found: MourningDove, 1; W. Wood Pewee,2; BlackheadedGrosbeak,1. --MILDRED 0. SNYDER, 161 DelMar Circle, Aurora, Colo. 80011.
Wlen, 9 (64, 26); Tree Swallow,8 (57, 23); Warbling Vireo, 5 (36, 14); Am. Robin, 4 (29, 12); Mountain
Bluebird, 4; Williamson'sSapsucker,3.5 (25, 10); PygmyNuthatch,3.5; Corn.Flicker,3 (21, 9); Dusky Flycatcher, 3; W. WoodPewee,3; MountainChickadee, 3, PineSiskin,3; Gray-headed Junco,3; ChippingSparrow, 3; Broad-tailedHummingbird2; Goshawk,1; Yellow-belliedSapsucker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; DownyWoodpecker,1; White-breasted Nuthatch,1; Townsend's Solitaire, 1; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 1;
Yellow-rumped Warbler,1; Brown-headed Cowbird,1;
121. LOGGED DOUGLAS-FIR-RESEEDED
WITH
MONTEREY PINE. -- Location:California;Marin Co, 4.5 mi. S of Olema,approximately 0.5 mi. E of eastgate to Lake Ranch,PointReyesNationalSeashore; 37ø58'N, 122ø45'W,DoublePointQuadrangle,USGS.Continuity: Established1972; 5 consecutiveyears.Size: 8.17 ha = 20.2 acres(irregular,approximately 1200x 700 ft, measured). Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 26:983-984(1972) Weather: Generallyclear and warm (70-80øF).Strong winds(Beaufort6) on April 15 felledtwo MontereyPines
W Tanager, 1; EveningGrosbeak,1; Cassin'sFinch, 1; Lincoln'sSparrow,1; BrownCreeper,0.5; SolitaryVireo, 0 5, Red-tailedHawk, +; Great Horned Owl, +; Long- (Pinusradiata) and many branches.The winter and caredOwl, +; W. Flycatcher,+; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, springwereexceedingly dry. Conditions of droughtcon+, Red-breastedNuthatch,+; Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: tinued throughthe nestingseason.Coverage:April 19, 37 species;74 territorialmalesor females(528/km:, 27; May 4, 12,20, 30; June6, 14; 0700-1100hours.Total Volume 31, Number 1
73
were planted in 1948 for substratestabilization The islandwasagainusedas a disposalareain 1952.Slurry wasdeposited in the centerportionof theislandbehinda dike. The 1952 disposaldestroyedmuch of the 1948 thoseof ScotchBroomand BeachSparrow,5 (61,25); Chestnut-backed Chickadee, 4 (49, plantings,especially wasagain 20), PygmyNuthatch,4; Hut(oh'sVireo, 3.5 (43, 17); grass.Followingthe 1952disposal,Beachgrass California Quail, 3 (37, 15); Violet-greenSwallow,2; planted.Since1952ShorePinehasbeengraduallydying Corn.Bushtit,2; PurpleFinch,2; Steller'sJay,1.5; Star- out whileScotchBroomhasbeenrapidlyspreadingand Additionalplant specieshave ling, 1.5; MourningDove,1; Allen'sHummingbird,1; overtoppingBeachgrass. are nowpresenton Hairy Woodpecker, 1; W. Flycatcher,1; Pine Siskin,1; beeninvading.Six plant associations Brown Towhee,1; Acorn Woodpecker,0.5; Red-tailed the islandand, exceptfor ShorePine, are arrangedm a Hawk, +; Band-tailedPigeon,+; Great HornedOwl, +; concentricpattern. A marshinundatedby tidesoccurs Corn.Flicker, +; Olive-sidedFlycatcher,+; PurpleMar- on the peripheryfollowedby Red Alder (Alnusrubra)tin, + Scrub Jay, +; Dark-eyed Junco, +. Total: 31 Pacific Willow (Salix lasiandra), Red Alder-Black Cotspecies; 88.5territorialmales(1083/kin2,438/100acres). tonwoodOPopulus trichocarpa),ScotchBroom-Hairgrass Remarks:Nestsfound:Allen'sHummingbird, 1; Violet- (Aira praecox), and Beachgrass-Hairgrass associations greenSwallow,2; StelleffsJay, 1; Chestnut-backedShorePine occursas a narrowlinear standamongthe Chickadee,1; PygmyNuthatch,4; Bewick'sWren, 1; Red Alder-Black Cottonwood association on the W side Starling,1. The numberof breedingAllen'sHumming- of theisland.All but thetidalmarsharerepresented on birds is undoubtedlyhigher than the figuresindicate. the plot. A quantitativesurveyof vegetationwas perWesternBluebirds,former breeders,were seenvisiting formedonthe islandin July 1974usinga randomquadpossible nestingsites.Thesecavitieswerelater occupied rat methodfor shrubsand herbaceous plantsand the by StarlingsandViolet-green Swallows. A planttranseet Bit(erlichmethodfor trees.Resultsof the surveyfollow donethis yearrevealedvital regeneration of Douglas-fir The Red Alder-Pacific Willow associationcomprises OPseudotsuga rnenziesii).No seedlingsor saplingsof 4.1% (1.2 acres).Ash (Fraxinuslatifolia)and saplingsof Monterey Pine were found. Contribution No. 140. Red Alder and Pacific Willow are commonunderstory P R.B.O. --JULES EVENS, Point ReyesBird Observ- components. A true shrubcanopyis not present.Imporatory,Bolinas,Calif. 94924. tant herbsare Jewelweed (Irnpatienssp.), Canary-grass OPhalariaarundinacea),ScouringRush (Equiseturntelrnateia),CreepingCharlie(Glecornahederacea), andbry122. PONDEROSA PINE FOREST. -- Location: ophytes.The association is inundatedduringhigh tides Colorado;BoulderCo.,in the lowerfoothills0.5 mi. S of and the groundis heavilylitteredwith floatabledebris BaselineRd, Boulder,in the E part of Sect. 1, T1S, suchaslogs,bottles,andstyrafoam.The treecanopyhas R71W, 6th PrincipalMeridian; 39ø59'N,105ø17'W, a densityof 97.8 stems/acreand a total basalareaof 18 1 Eldorado Springs Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: ftl/acre. Speciescomposing100% of the tree canopy Established1954; 13 intermittentyears.Size:8.09 ha = [figuresafter each giverelativedensity(%) and relative RedAlder,53.6, 74 4, 20 acres(rectangular,surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: See basalarea(%) in that sequence]: AFN 8:372 (1954).Weather: A very dry, hot springand Pacific Willow, 46.4, 25.6. Percentageof trees by summer.Coverage:March 28; April 4, 11, 25; May 2, 9, diameterclass:A (3-6 in.), 71.1; B (6-9 in.), 10.5; C (9-15 23, 30; June6, 13, 20, 27; July4, 11, 18; August8; 0700- in.), 15.8;D (15-21in.), 2.6. Groundcover90.5%;canopy 0945 hours. Total man-hours: 25. Census: W. Wood cover10%o, averagecanopyheight25 ft. The Red AlderPewee,9 (111, 45); Chipping Sparrow, 9; Mourning Black Cottonwoodassociationcomprises42.6% (12 7 Dove,6 (74, 30); Am. Robin,6; PygmyNuthatch,5 (62, acres)of the plot. Major understorycomponentsare 25), SolitaryVireo, 4 (49, 20); Mountain Chickadee,3 West CoastWillow (Salix hookeriana)and saplingsof Principalshrubsare (37, IS); Gray-headed Junco,3; Broad-tailedHumming- Red Alder and Black Cottonwood. bird, 2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2; W. Tanager, 2; Elderberry(Sarnbucusracernosa),Salmonberry(Rubus Corn.Flicker, 1; Steller'sJay,1. Total: 13 species;53 ter- spectabilis),and EvergreenBlackberry(R. lacintatus) ritorial males or females (6SS/km:, 265/100 acres). Herbs occur primarily beneathopeningsin the tree Remarks:The populationwasabout averagefor recent canopy. Important speciesare Jewelweed,Velvetgrass OPoa years.HouseWren, Black-headedGrosbeak,Pine Sis- (ttolcuslanatus),Sedge(Carexobnupta), Bluegrass kin, and LesserGoldfinch did not nest. --LOUISE sp), ScouringRush (E. hyernale),and bryophytesThe HERING and KAREN NICKEY, 568 Marine Street, treecanopyhasa densityof 283.5 stems/acreand a total Boulder, Colo. 80302. basalarea of 93.6 ft.2/acre. Speciescomposing 94% of man-hours:24. Census:Wrentit, 13 (159, 64); OrangecrownedWarbler, 11 (135, 54); Wilson's Warbler, 8.5 (104, 42); Rufous-sided Towbee,8 (98, 40); Bewick's Wren, 7 (86, 35); Swainsoh's Thrush,6 (73, 30); Song
the tree canopy:Red Alder, 79.6, 76.3; BlackCot123. MIXED
HABITAT:
DREDGED
MATERIAL
tonwood, 14.1, 20.9. Percentageof trees by diameter ISLANDS. -- Location:Oregon;ClatsopCo., Lewisand class:A, 16.4; B, 28.4; C, 39.7; D, 13.8; E, (21-27 Clark N.W.R., Mot( Island, on the Columbia River, 0.5 1.7. Shrubstems/acre:2228; groundcover62%; canopy mi E of TonguePoint; 46ø12'N,123D4S'W,Svenson cover65%; averagecanopyheight55 ft. The ShorePine consists of Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New (1975).Size: 12.1 standcovers4.4% (1.3 acres).The understory ha = 29.8 acres(rectangular,1300 x 1000 ft, oriented scatteredBlack Cottonwoodand Red Alder saplings. N26øE(true),pacedwith compass). Descriptionof Plot: ScotchBroomand WestCoastWillowarethe principal Locatedon a 147-acreislandentirelycreatedby dredged shrubspresent.The ScotchBroomis of poorvigorand material. Initial disposaltook placebetween1946 and probablyunable to tolerate shadingby Shore lhne 1948. ShorePine (Pinuscontorta),ScotchBroom(Cytis- Importantherbaceous plantsareCanarygrass, Bentgrass sus scoparius),and Beachgrass (Ammophilaarenaria) (Agrostis exarata),Sedge,ScouringRushes(E. telrnateta 74
AmerlcanBirds,January,1977
andE hyemale),andbryophytes. The treecanopyhasa of Indian Rock Lookout; 44ø45'N, 118ø45'W, Desolatlon densityof 199stems/acre and a total basalareaof 91.9 Butte Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1973, ft2/acre. Speciescomposing97% of the tree canopy: 4 consecutive years.Size:32.38ha = 80 acres(rectangle, Shore Pine, 91.4, 81.5; Black Cottonwood,5.5, 15.6.
laid out in 2.5 acresquareswith compassand measured
Percentage of treesby diameterclass:A, 10.5;B, 43; C, rope).DescriptionoSPlot: SeeAB 27:102-1003(1973) 43, D, 1.2; E, 2. Shrubstems/acre:1012.5;groundcover Weather: Temperatures28ø-64øF;clear on 11 censuses 82 2%, canopycover45%; averagecanopyheight40 ft. and partly cloudyto cloudyon 7. Rain amountedto 4 26 The ScotchBroom-Hairgrass association covers10.7% in. during censusperiod though most of this occurred (3 2 acres)of the plot. ScotchBroomis the onlyshrub betweenAug. 1 and Aug. 17 while nesting was still presentand has a densityof 11,643.8stems/acre.The underway.Winter and springprecipitationwasgenerally shrubcanopyaverages 6 ft in height.Prominentherbs normalin contrastto the preceding2 yearsof abovenorare Hairgrass(13.5%cover),Fescue(Festucabrornoides mal amounts.Coverage:June 22, 24, 26, 28-29; July 1-3, 10 5%),Velvetgrass (9.5%),andTansyRagwort(Senecio 5, 7, 9-10, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 27; 0440-0838 hrs., PDST jacobea 9%). The Beachgrass-Hairgrass association Total man-hours:42. Census:ChippingSparrow,13 (40, occupies 9.4%(2.8 acres)of the studyplot.Otherimpor- 16); White-crownedSparrow,13; Cassin'sFinch, 8 (25, tant herbsincludea secondspeciesof Hairgrass,(A. 10); Am. Robin, 7 (22, 9); Fox Sparrow, 6 (19, 8), elegans),and Velvetgrass. Percentage coverby eachis: Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 5.5 (17, 7); Mountain Bluebird, Beachgrass, 31.6;Hairgrass (A.praecox), 22.6;Hairgrass 5 (15, 6); Ruby-crownedKinglet, 4.5 (14, 6); Lincoln's (A elegans),6; Velvetgrass, 5. Clumpsof ScotchBroom Sparrow,4 (12, 5); SpottedSandpiper,1; Corn.Flicker, are widelyscatteredthroughoutthis association indicat- 1; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, 1; Mountain Chickadee, 1, ing that this speciesis graduallyinvading.A small Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; Varied Thrush, 1; Dark-eyed ephemeralpondis locatednearthe E boundary.Edge: Junco, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 0.5; Steller's Jay, 05 Borderedon theW andE by tidal marsh;on theN and S Total: 18 species;74 territorial males(229/km2, 93/100 by similarhabitats.Topag•aphy:Gentlyrisingfrom the acres).Visitors: Williamson's Sapsucker,Clark's Nutouterislandperipherytowardsthe islandcenterexcept cracker, Pine Siskin, Red Crossbill. Remarks: Nests between the Red
Alder-Black
Cottonwood
and the
located:Corn.Flicker, 1; Mountain Chickadee,1; Mountain Bluebird, 3; Chipping Sparrow,1; Lincoln'sSparthe island where the remains of an 8 ft dike occur. Elevarow, 1. Numbersof specieswere up 18 comparedto 16 tion: 23 to 33 ft above mean low water. Weather: Overlast year, with 2 species(Red-breastedNuthatch and cast and misty on 2 days;clear on all others.Morning Dark-eyedJunco)beingnew. Breedingactivitywas close temperatures rangedfrom the low50sto the low60sF. to the level recordedin 1975 with a notable doubling Winds were calm. Coverage,1975: June6-10; between from 4 to 8 breedingpairs of Cassin'sFinches,while Fox 0500-0930 and 2055-2155 hours. Total man-hours: 27. Sparrowsand Mountain Bluebirdswereeachup 2 pairs Census:Swainson'sThrush 13 (108, 44); Song Sparrow, Mountain Chickadeeswere showinga continual slow 10 (83, 34); Yellow Warbler, 9 (75, 30); White-crowned declinefrom a high of 4 in 1973 to one pair this year Sparrow,8 (66, 27); Black-headed Grosbeak,7 (58, 23); Robinswere up 3 pairs over last year's 4, while RubyW Flycatcher,6.5 (54, 22); Bewick'sWren, 5 (41, 17); crownedKinglets rose from 1 pair in 1975 to 4.5, still Am Robin, 4 (33, 13); Willow Flycatcher,2.5; Ring- onlyhalf asmanyasthe 9 pairsrecordedin 1974.We are necked Pheasant,2; Corn. Crow, 2; Rufous Humming- grateful to the Staff of the Malheur National Forestfor bird (female),1; DownyWoodpecker,1; Brown-headed their cooperation and assistance.-- MERLE A Cowbird(female), 1; Mallard, +; PygmyOwl, +; Corn. ARCHIE, and ROBERT A. HUDSON, P.O. Box 81,
ScotchBroom-Hairgrass associations on the W sideof
Flicker, +. Total: 17 species;72 territorial males or
Bates, Ore. 97817.
females(597/km2, 242/100 acres).Remarks: Mort Island
supportsa largeCorn.Crownestingand roostingcolony. A total of 26 Corn.Crow nestswerefound; only2 of the
125. CATCLAW-RABBITBRUSH
DESERT
WASH.
26 nests were still active on June 6. Other nests found:
--
Mallard, 1; Downy Woodpecker,1; W. Flycatcher,1; SongSparrow,1. Starlings,Black-cappedand ChestnutbackedChickadeeshad hatchedyoungand wereforaging in family groups.A male Am. Goldfinchwasheard stagingon the last censusday indicatingthat this latebreeding specieswas just beginning to establishter-
Washin PiuteValley;the plot beginsin the NE•Aof Sec 114ø50'W,HomerMtn. Quadrangle,USGS.About8 ml N of ArrowheadJunctionon U.S. Hwy. 95 NW of Needles,a powerlineroadcrosses the highwayand intersects Piute Wash 0.2 mi. to the W. The plot beginsN of the
ritories This censuswasperformedin an effort to gather
powerline,and followsthe wash 1.5 mi. N; the N bound-
Location: California; San Bernardino Co., Plute
8 and endsin the NW tAof Sec.5, TllN, R20E; 35ø04'N,
baselinedata for descriptionof plantand animalsucces- ary is 8.25 mi. E and 3.3 mi. S of the Fort Piute Ruins sionpatternson U.S. Army, Corpsof Engineers(COE) Continuity:New.Size:17.8ha = 44.0 acres(rectangular, of Plot:SeeAB30:1060 dredged materialdisposal sites.Thestudywassupported 2375x 75 m, paced).Description by the COE, WaterwaysExperimentStation,Vicksburg, (1976).Elevation:1900 ft. Coverage:April 7-8, 24, 29, May 5, 8-9, 13; 0515-0930.Total party-hours:17. CenMS under grant number DACW 39-74-C-0092.-STEPHEN B. ATKINS, RONALD G. PSCION, and sus: Phainopepla,16 (90, 36); Mourning Dove, 15 (84, DAVID M. DuMOND, Coastal Zone ResourcesCorp., 34); Verdin, 6 (34, 14); Mockingbird,4 (22, 9); Blacktailed Gnatcatcher, 2; House Finch, 2; Black-throated Wtlrntngton,N.C. 28401. Sparrow,2; Ash-throated Flycatcher,1; TurkeyVulture, 124. SCATTERED EST IN SUBALPINE
MIXED CONIFEROUS FORMEADOWS AND SPRUCE
BOGS. -- Location: Oregon; Grant Co., Bates,% mi. E Volume 31, Number I
+; Gambel's Quail, +; Roadrunner, +; Le Conte's
Thrasher, +. Total: 12 species;49 territorial males (275/km 2, 111/100 acres). Remarks: Brown-headed 75
Cowbirds may have "nested", since 2-3 were seen on
each of the last four censuses. Mourning Dove density varied greatly,owingto presenceof visitorsas well as birds thoughtto be nesting,and our densityfigure for thisspecies maybe inaccurate,relativeto thosefor other, more territorial species.Nestsfound: Verdin (3), Phainopepla(1), HouseFinch(1). Phainopeplas abandonthe plot entirelyafter the springbreedingseason.Breeding bird densityin thiswashismorethan 12 timesasgreatas the surroundingcreosote-burrobush scrub,and 6 times as manyspecies breedin the washas in the surrounding desert(seeCensus128).If visitors,whichare an important part of thewashavifaunaduringmigrationbut vir-
birdsusingthis plot therewasnot muchnestingactivity Humandisturbance is probablywhyfewtreesin theinterior of the plot areutilized.Thanksto LongBeachParks DepartmentandBill Montgomery for assistance withthe quantitativehabitatdescription -- REVIS JOHNSTON, Dept. Biol., Cal. St. U., Long Beach,and 4555 Goldfield Ave.,LongBeach,Calif 9080Z
127. COASTAL
SAND DUNES. -- Location: Califor-
nia; Humboldt Co., on Samoa Peninsula, 4 ml S of intersectionof State Hwy. 255 and SamoaBlvd.; 40ø6'N,
tuallynon-existent on the creosote-burrobush plot, are
124ø12'W, EurekaQuadrangle, USGS.Continuity:New
desert. --
Descriptionof Plot: BeachLupine(Lupinusarboreus),
includedin the analysis,the washhas 23 timesthe den- Size:1S.0ha = 37 acres(rectangle,about1100x 1500ft, slty and 12 times the number of speciesas the open measuredwith dot grid overlayfrom aerial photo). M.
ROBERT
KUBIK,
JR.,
and J. V.
REMSEN,,JR., CaliforniaDesertPlan Program,Bureau of Land Management,1695 Spruce,Riverside,Calif
the dominant shrub cover,was introducedin about 1900
from BodegaBay and haslargelystabilizedthe original shiftingsanddunes.Other major groundcovershrubs include:Wild Buckwheat(Eriogonum latifolium),Sagebrush(Artemisia pycnocephala), Knotweed(Polygonurn 126. CITY PARK. -- Location: California; Los paronychla), Goldenrod (Solidago spathulata), and species, AngelesCo., LongBeach,on the SE cornerof the inter- Tansy(Tanacetumdouglasii).An endangered sectionof Carson St. and Clark Ave. Continuity: New. CoastalWallflower(Erysimum menziesii), is alsopresby Sedge Size:6.68 ha = 16.Sacres(rectangular,200 x 400 yards, ent.Valleysbetweensanddunesaredominated paced).Descriptionof Plot: Typical city park with (Carexobnupta),Rush(]uncuslesueurii),and Cahforula manicured lawns. Three non-botanic features are found: Blackberry (Rubusvitifollus).Threeclumpsof Willow 28 x 14 ft restroom,32 x 70 ft tool shed, 32 ft wide con- (Salixhookeriana, S.piped,S. sitchensis) arepresent. A crete flood control channel which crossesthe plot road, parking lot, softballdiamond,and fenceexist on diagonally. The dominant canopy trees are Canary the plot.Groundcoveris about35%lupine,35%other sand. Edge: HumboldtBay is the E IslandPine(Pinuscanariensis), AleppoPine(P. halepen- shrubs,and 30ø'/o sts)and ChineseEvergreenElm (Ulmusparvifolia).The border and similar sand dunes surround the other understoryconsistsonly of a few Sycamores (Platanus boundaries.Topography:Undulating dunes.Elevation: sp) under 3 inchesin diameter.The groundcoveris Sea level to about 30 ft. Weather: Mild maritime chmate entirelyof grasses,kept closelymowed.A quantitative Coverage:May 26, 30; June4, 12-13,21, 23, 27, 060024. Census:SongSparsurveyof the vegetation gavethe followingresults:Trees 1100hours.Total man-hours: 3-1nchesdiameter and over, based on an actual count, row, 34.5 (230, 93); White-crownedSparrow,12 S (83, 40/acre; total basal area, basedon ten circular samples, 34); Bewick'sWren, S.S(37, IS); Am. Robin, 3 (20, 8), Cowbird,3 (females);Allen'sHumming13 9 ft2/acre.Species comprising 90% of the total num- Brown-headed ber of trees:CanaryIslandPine, 12, 29, 31, 90; Aleppo bird, 2; Long-billed Marsh Wren, 1.5; Swainsoh's 64 terPine, S, 12, 22, 40; ChineseEvergreenElm, S, 12, 38, 60; Thrush,1; W. Meadowlark,1. Total: 9 species; Eucalyptussp.,4, 9, 34, 20;Jacarandaacutifolia,3, 9, 8, ritorial males or females (427/km:, 173/100 acres) 40, sycamore,3, 7, 6, 70; HoneyLocust(Gleditsiatria- Visitors: California Quail, Mourning Dove, Corn Warcanthus),3, 7, 10, 30; Silk Tree (Albizziajulibrissin),2, 5, Flicker,Corn.Bushtit, Starling,Orange-crowned 92507.
4, 10; Carob (Ceratoniasillqua), 1, 2, 1, 10. Trees by diameter sizeclass:A (3-6 in.) 11, 28, 9, 100; B (6-9 in.) 17, 42, 36, 100; C (9-15 in.) 8, 20, 41, 60; D (15-21in.) 2, 5, 24, 30; E (21-27in.) 1, 2.5, 21, 20; F (27-33 in.) 1, 2.5, 21, 10. Shrubstems/acre,none;groundcover99%; canopy12%;averagecanopyheight31 ft (range9-69).Edge: Borderedon three sidesby paved road and on the fourthby theremainderof thepark.Topography:Mostly fiat Elevation:35 ft. Weather:Partlycloudyin theearly mornings,usuallyclearingby mid-morningwith mild
bler, YellowWarbler, Wilson'sWarbler,Brewer'sBlackbird, PurpleFinch,HouseFinch,Am. Goldfinch,Lesser Goldfinch. Remarks: Most birds established territories
inbrush-dominated areas.Fewterritories existed m open sandyareas with little cover. NumerousBrown-headed Cowbirdyoungwere observedin associationwith adults
andyoungof SongandWhite-crowned SparrowsAmerican and LesserGoldfinchesprobablynestedafter eensusingwascompleted.Specialthanksto Tom Overturf
forhelpin identifying willows andDaveMilbratforhelp
temperatures. Coverage: April 30; May 2-3, 7, 9-10, 14, in marking the plot. -- PETER C. SORENSEN and 17, 23; dawn-1030hours. Total man-hours:36. Census: PAUL F. SPRINGER, U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, HouseSparrow,9 (135, 55); HouseFinch,7 (105, 42); HumboldtStateUniv.,Arcata,Calif.95521. Brown-headedCowbird, 5 females(75, 30); Mourning Dove, 4 (60, 24); Starling, 1; Brewer's Blackbird, 1.
Total: 6 species;27 territorial males or females (404/km2, 164/100 acres).Remarks: Although a large number of Brown-headed Cowbirds was seen, no nest
parlsitismwasnoted.Nestslocated:HouseSparrow,2; HouseFinch, 1. Althoughthere was a large number of
76
128. CREOSOTE-BURROBUSH
DESERT
SCRUB.
-- Location: California; San Bernardino Co., Plute Valley, about 8 mi. N of Arrowhead Junctionon U S
Hwy. 95, NW of Needles;a powerlineroad crosses the
AmericanBirds,January,1977
highway;the studyplot began 100 m N of the second powerpoleE of the highwayand preceeds N 1.5mi. The N boundaryis 8.75 mi. E and 2.5 mi. S of the Fort Piute ruins The plot beginsin the SW ¬ of Sec. 4, T11N,
Red-tailed Hawk, +. Total: 13 species;142 territorial males (2158/km 2, 873/100 acres). Remarks: The follow-
ing nestswerefound:MourningDove(3), Costa'sHummingbird (4), Phainopepla(3); Blue-gray Gnatcatcher R20E, and ends in the NE ¬ of Sec. 33, T12N, R20E of (2), HoodedOriole (1). LesserGoldfinchesmay actually the Homer Mtn. Quadrangle, USGS; 35ø04'N, nesthere,but no positiveevidenceof breedingcouldbe 114ø49'W.Continuity:New. Size: 17.8 ha = 44.0 acres found. Densitiesof Mourning Dovesand HouseFinches (rectangular,2375 x 75 m, paced).Descriptionof Plot: A may be inaccurate since it was very difficult to d•stypicalcreosotescrubarea of the Mojave Desert.Three tinguish pairs actually breeding from birds roosting, 100toe-pointtransectswereconductedto determineper visiting,feeding,or loafing in the riparian. As many as centcoverand speciescomposition.The substratumwas 900 MourningDoveshavebeenseenon a singlemorning composedof 64% bare ground,21% small rocks(< 5 cm), Four speciesfor whichthe habitat seemedverysuitable and 15% plant litter. The shrubcanopycoverof 22% is were inexplicably absent as breeding species:Blackcomposedof 40.6% CreosoteBush (Larrea tridentata), chinned Hummingbirds,Bell's Vireo, Lucy's Warbler, 328% Burrobush (Ambrosia dumosa), 21.9ø/0 dead and Yellow-breasted Chat. The plot washighlyattractive shrubs(almost all Burrobush), and 4.7% Krameria (Krato migrants.Poorwillscall at nightfrom the surrounding menaparviflora).Shrubcompositionis 52% Burrobush, slopes and probably forage over the plot. --J. V 26% dead shrubs (99% of which are Burrobush), 20% REMSEN, JR., California Desert Plan Program, Bureau CreosoteBush, and 2% Krameria. Other speciesnot of Land Management, 1695 Spruce, Riverside, Cahf recordedin the transectswereBig Galleta Grass(Hilaria 92507. rigida), Desert-alyssum (Lepidiumfremontii), Bladdersage(Salazariamexicana),and Goldenhead(Acampto-
pappussphaerocephalus) alonga smallwash;and a few
130. URBAN
NATURE
CENTER.
--
Location:
small individualsof SilverCholla (Opuntia echinocarpa). California;OrangeCo., ShipleyNature Center,cornerof The absence of tracks or feces of either cattle or feral
Golden West and Talbert Ave., Huntington Beach, burrosplnsthe presence of full heightBig GalletaGrass 33ø42'N, 118ø00'W, Seal Beach Quadrangle, USGS Indicatesthis plot hasnot beengrazedrecently.Topog- New. Size: 7.3 ha = 18 acres (broadly rectangular) raphy: Slightlysloping;nearestmountain slopesare 3 m•. to the E on the Dead Mountains; a very small wash traversesthe plot. Elevation: 1960-2120ft. Water: The nearestpermanentwater is at Piute Spring,about 10 mi. W There are two California Department of Fish and Game "guzzlers"(B-230 and B-229) in the Dead Mountains,both about3.5 mi. from the plot, whichmay prov•de permanentwater. Edge: Boundedon all sidesby s•mflarhabitat.Coverage: April 7, 23-24,29; May 4, 8-9, 13, between1600 and 1815. Total party-hours:11. Cen-
Desctlption of Plot: A mixture of interdigitatedhabitat types,alteredby humandisturbance.The central20% •s an irregularthicket of Red Willow (Salixlaevigata)to 40 or 50 ft and ArroyoWillow (S. lasiolepis)10 to 20 ft, w•th
to SE•¬ of Sec. 13 of T12N, R18E, Homer Mtn. Quad-
noon. Total man-hours: 16. Census: Tricolored Black-
associated smallwillowsand brush,includingTamarisk (Tamarix sp.) and Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) Another10% of the area is occupiedby a small,permanent pond and its reed borders,whichwidento a large patchat oneend.Water levelis maintainedby occasional pumping. Most of the area aroundthe thicket and the sus: Black-throatedSparrow,3 (17, 7); Loggerhead pondsupportsa heavygrowthof mixedforbs,covering Shrike,+. Total: 2 species;3 territorialmales(17/km•, 20% of the tract. Another 20%, mostlynear the per,m7/100 acres). Remarks: Visitors (total number recorded meter,is coveredby grass,and 25% by mixedgrassand on 8 censuses): MourningDove,2. This plot is onlyone forbs. Recentplantingsof eucalyptsand conifersin the m• (E) from CensusNo. 125, and wasdesignedfor com- grassyareasare too smallto be significantto bird hfe parisonwith the wash.Densityand speciesdiversityare About5% is occupiedby buildings,a garden,and a trad muchricherin the washthan in the opendesert.-- M. system.Edge: Borderedon the N and E by recentlybudt ROBERT KUBIK, JR., and J. V. REMSEN, JR., housingtracts,on the W by a large, newlylandscaped Cahfornia Desert Plan Program, Bureau of Land city park includinga pond, and on the S by a city street Management,1695Spruce,Riverside,Calif 9250Z South of the street is anotherlarge park containinga shallowpondwith meanderingedgesand naturalmarsh vegetation. Topography:Flat, with a riseof about10ft at 129. DESERT RIPARIAN. -- Location: California; the S end. Elevation: About 10 ft. Weather: Sunny to San Bernardino Co.; Fort Piute, 21.75 mi. W and 19.25 light overcast,daytime temperature70ø to 80øF, rare m• N of the postofficein Needles;from NW ¬ of Sec.24 light rain. Coverage:May 10, 12-14,19-20,24, 27; 0900rangle, USGS; 35'07N, 114ø59'W.Continuity:New.
bird, 40+ (549+, 222+); Song Sparrow, 22 (302, 122), Size: 6 58 ha = 16.26 acres.Desctlptionof Plot: SeeAB Mourning Dove, 10 (137, 56); Anna's Hummingbird, 5 30 1063, (1976). Weather: Temperaturesrangedfrom (69, 28); House Finch, 5; N. Oriole, 3 (41, 17); Am about 40ø to 95øF. No appreciableprecipitationwas Goldfinch, 3; Ring-neckedPheasant,2; W. Meadowrecorded.Coverage:April 9, 21-23, 30; May 6, 14, 19; lark, 2; Brown-headedCowbird,2 (females);Am. Coot, 0530-0930. Total man-hours:32. Census:Mourning 1; Dusky Flycatcher, 1; Mockingbird, 1; Loggerhead Dove,80 (1216,492); HouseFinch, 18 (274, 111);Costa's Shrike, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Wilson's Warbler, 1, Hummingbird(males),13 (198, 80); Phainopepla,12 Black-headedGrosbeak,1; GrasshopperSparrow, 1 (182,74); Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 8 (122,49); Verdin,4 Total: 19 species; 103 territorial males or females (61, 25); Gambel's Quail, 3 (46, 18); Hooded Oriole, 2; (1414/km 2, 572/100 acres). Visitors: Pied-billed Grebe, Black-headed Grosbeak, 2; Ladder-backed Wood- Mallard, Ruddy Duck, Black-crownedNight Heron, pecker,1; Ash-throatedFlycatcher,1; Black Phoebe,1; Olive-sided Flycatcher, Barn Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Volume 31, Number 1
77
Com.Crow,Orange-crowned Warbler, Townsend's Warbler, House Sparrow, Red-winged Blackbird, Lesser Goldfinch, Fox Sparrow.Remarks: The Dusky Flycatcher,Warbling Vireo, and Wilson'sWarbler are not expectedbreedingbirds in this area and might betterbe consideredvisitorsor migrants.However,they wereseen regularlyin the sameplacesandwerethusconsidered to be resident. Three nestswere located: Mourning Dove (2), Song Sparrow(1). The House Finch populationon the tract was much larger than indicated, but only 5 malesweredefendingterritoriesduringthe survey.The populationof TricoloredBlackbirdswas40-60 pairs; an accuratecountof nestswouldhaverequiredconsiderable tramplingof the habitat. Part of the flock flew into the adjacenttreeswhenalarmed,so a total aerialcountwas not possible.Red-wingedBlackbirdsnestedin the park acrossthe street,but theywereonlyoccasional visitorsto this tract while the Tricolored Blackbirds were nesting. --KRISTENE. BENDER, Dept. Biol., Cal. St. U., Long Beach, and 21142 Shepherd Lane, Huntington Beach,
Empidonax sp., 1; Cliff Swallow, 1; Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Spotted Dove, +, Anna'sHummingbird,+. Total: 19 species; 68 territorial males (400/km2, 162/100 acres).Remarks:Twenty-one active nestswere located: Mourning Dove, 9; Mockingbird,4; LoggerheadShrike,3; SpottedDove,1, Am Robin, 1; N. (Bullock's)Oriole, 1; LesserGoldfinch, 1,
Song Sparrow, 1. Specialthanks to Hal D. Boley -JERRY T. HERRING, Dept. Biol., Cal. St. U, Long Beachand 918FreemanSt., LongBeach,Calif 90804 132. URBAN NATURE CENTER, II. -- Location: See Census131. Continuity: New. Size: 17.4 ha = 43 acres (rectangular, about 1/2 mi. N-S, 1/8 mi. E-W) Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 25:656(1971).For thisstudy
thenaturecenterwasdividedintotwoareas,studyplotII comprising the E half. Thisplot includesall theareaE of the pondsin the N and S of the naturecenter.The dominant canopytreesare CaliforniaSycamore, Manna Gum
andCanaryIslandPine(Pinuscanariensis). Mostprominent in the understoryare Bright-beadCotoneaster
Cahf 92646.
Willow St., E by a tree farm, W by San Gabriel River. Continuity: New, but Winter Bird Population Studies
(Cotoneuster glaucophylla),Toyon (Heteromelesarbuttfolia), California Blackberry(Rubusursinus)and Silk Tassel.The groundcoveris primarilyFoxtail Chess, Field Mustard and numerousdensegrasses.A quantitative surveyof the vegetationgave the following results:Trees 3-inchesdiameter and over,basedon six
conducted since 1971. Size: 17.0 ha = 42 acres (rec-
circular samples, 120/acre; total basal area 298
tangular,about« mi. N-S, 1/8 mi. E-W). Descriptionof Plot: W half of the nature center,includingarea W of
ft2/acre.Speciescomprising the total numberof trees CaliforniaSycamore, 27, 22, 15,33; MannaGum, 21, 17,
pondsin N and S of nature center.SeeAB 25:656, (1971). The dominant canopy trees are California Sycamore (J•lanatusracemosa),White Alder (/linus rhombtfolia), Elderberry(Sambucuscanadensis).Most prominentin the understoryare California Blackberry (Rubus ursinus), Silk Tassel(Garryafremontii). The groundcoveris mostly Foxtail ChessUBromusrubens), Field Mustard UBrasst'ca rapa sylvestris),and variousdensegrasses.A quantitativesurveyof the vegetationgavethe following
22, 17; Canary Island Pine, 19, 16, 10, 17; White Alder, 13, 10, 10, 33; Blue Gum, 11, 9, 6, 17; Red Iron Bark (E sideroxylon), 8, 7, 6, 17; AleppoPine 0v. halepensts), 8,
131. URBAN NATURE
CENTER,
I. --
Location:
California; Los AngelesCo., El Dorado Nature Center, Long Beach, bounded on the N by Spring St., S by
results: Trees 3-inches diameter and over, based on six
circular samples,88/acre; total basal area 47 ft2/acre. Speciesof treesinclude:CaliforniaSycamore,22, 25, 13, 50, White Alder, 14, 16, 46, 50; Elderberry, 13, 15, 5, 33; Blue Gum (Eucalyptusglobulus),10, 11, 12, 17; Manna Gum Eucalyptus(E. viminalis), 10, 11, 9, 17; Dawn Redwood •etasequoia glyptostroboides),10, 11, 3, 17; Coast Live Oak •Quercusagrifolia), 5, 6, 1, 17; Coast Redwood(Sequoiasempervirens),3, 3, 7, 17; Viburnum sp , 2, 2, 3, 17. Treesby diametersizeclass:A (3-6 in.) 43, 49, 4.3, 9; B (6-9 in.) 21, 24, 6.2, 13; C (9-15 in.) 21, 24, 26 6, 57; E (21-27 in.) 3, 3, 9.9, 21. Shrub stems/acre
17, 16, 17; Red Mulberry•orus rubra), 5, 4, 4, 33, Elderberry, 5, 4, 1, 17;WeepingWillow(Salixbabylonica), 2, 2, 9, 17; Pepper-tree(Schinusmolle),2, 2, 1, 17 Treesby diametersizeclass:A (3-6in.)62, 52, 6.2, 21, B (6-9in.) 46, 38, 13.0,43; C (9-15in.) 10,8, 7.7,26, D (15-
21 in.)2, 2, 2.9, 10.Shrubstems/acre 2000;groundcover 93%; canopycover43%; averagecanopyheight17 ft (range 10-44 ft). Edge: Discontinuousto N, S, E (see
Locationabove),continuous with Part I to W. Topography,Weather,Coverage:SeeUrban NatureCenter,I (Census No. 131). Total man-hours: 19. Census: Mourn-
ing Dove,34 (195, 79); Mockingbird,15 (86, 35), Starling, 14 (80, 33); Red-wingedBlackbird,5 (29, 12), Black-chinned Hummingbird,3 (17, 7); HouseFinch,3, SongSparrow,3; Barn Swallow,2; LesserGoldfinch,2,
W. Wood Pewee,1; Hermit Thrush,1; Loggerhead Shrike,1; Hutton'sVireo, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Anna'sHummingbird,+; Am. Robin,+; WarblingVireo, +. Total:
2250; groundcover92%; canopycover40.3%; average 17 species;86 territorial males(494/km2,200/100 acres) canopyheight 18 ft (range 11-47).Edge: Discontinuous Visitors: Pied-billed Grebe, Mallard (res.), Cinnamon on N, S, and W sides. Continuous with Part II (Census Teal, Ruddy Duck, Am. Coot (res)., Com. Galhnule, No 132)on E. Topography:Essentiallyflat with onerise Ash-throated Flycatcher, Empidonaxsp.,Cliff Swallow, to 45 ft. Elevation:28 ft. Weather: Morning low cloud Wilson's Warbler, Brown-headedCowbird, Black-
coverall days.Average temperature 68øF(range62-74ø). headed Grosbeak. Remarks: Seven active nests were Coverage:May 19-22, 24-29; between0600-1030 hours. located:Mourning Dove (3), Barn Swallow(1), Mock-
Total man-hours:19. Census:MourningDove,21 (124, ingbird (1), Red-wingedBlackbird (1), N. Oriole (1) 50), Mockingbird,12 (71, 29); Starling,6 (35, 14); Song Threefledglings just out of their nestswereseen RedSparrow,4 (24, 10); Am. Robin, 3 (18, 7); Loggerhead wingedBlackbird,1; SongSparrow,2. Specialthanksto Shrike, 3; LesserGoldfinch, 3; House Finch, 3; Am. Hal Boley.- DENNIS FEES, Dept. Biol., Cal. St U, Coot, 2; Black-chinnedHummingbird, 2; Hermit LongBeach,and 6790CurtisAve.,LongBeach,Cahf Thrush, 2; N. Oriole, 2; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 1; 90805.
78
American Birds,January, 1977
133. URBAN PARK. --
Location: California; Los
AngelesCo., Whittier, Intersectionof Las Cumbres Avenue and Arbela Avenue; 33ø5TN, 117ø59'W, La Habra Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 6.29 ha = 15.55 acres;115 yardson Las CumbresAvenue extendingN 350 yards to the 315 yard E-W border. Description of Plot: The dominant canopy trees are Eucalyptusand Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii).Most prominent in the understoryis Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis).The ground coveris primarily wild carrot andwild mustard.A quantitativesurveyof thevegetation gavethe followingresults:Trees3-inchesdiameterand over, based on eight circular samples,68.9/acre; total basal area 69.5 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising90% of the total number of trees: Eucalyptus,28.6, 42, 48, 63; oak •Quercussp.),14.3, 21, 18, 63; BlackPine, 13, 19, 26, 50;
Elderberry,13, 19, 8, 38. Treesby diametersizeclass:A (3-6 In.) 6.5, 9, 6.5, 1; B (6-9 in.) 14.3, 21, 4.3, 5; C (9-15 in ) 13, 19, 10.4, 12; D (15-21 in.) 26, 38, 46.8, 52; E (2127 in ) 9.1, 13, 28.2, 31. Shrub stems/acre,3750; ground cover,73.5%;canopycover,33%; averagecanopyheight, 39 ft (range 20-80). Edge: Borderedon N by similar habitat; W, E and S by residentialareas.Elevation:450
riparianwoodlandparallelsthe river. Four tree species, almost equally representedin the canopy, are: Black Willow (Salixlasiandra),FremontCottonwood (Populus fremontii), Velvet Ash (Fraxinusvelutina) and Box-elder (Acernegundo).SandbarWillows(S.exigua)andsapling Black Willows are most prominentin the understory, and Baccharis emoryi grows on the edges of the woodlandand in clearings.Water from the pondsruns
throughthe woodland,formingdensethicketsof Corn Cattail. Field Mint (Mentha arvense) and Watercress
(Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum) are dominant as groundcovernearthe sloughs.Edge:The N and W sides are borderedby farmland that is being convertedto residential use. At the NE corner a small farm contains
orchardsand 3 additionalponds;one of thesedrains southward to feedthesmallest of the 3 pondsontheplot Utah Highway15 adjoinsthe S half of the W boundary Weather:Hot and dry, with no rain betweenMay 21 and July14.Coverage:May 2, 9, 16,23, 30; June6, 13, 20, 27, July4, 11, 18, 25; Aug. 1, 8, 15; 0600-1230,MDT. Total man-hours:44. Census:Red-wingedBlackbird, 14 (133, 54); Black-chinnedHummingbird,7 (67, 27); RoughwingedSwallow,7; LesserGoldfinch,6 (57, 23); Mourn-
ft Weather:Averagehigh,74ø;low,52øF.Earlymorning ing Dove, 5 (48, 19); Blue Grosbeak,5; House Finch, 5, fog on two occasions. Coverage:April 20, 23-24; May 1, Am. Robin, 4 (38, 15); Starling,4; Yellow Warbler, 4, 3, 7-8, 11, 13-14; 0500-0800 or 1700-2000. Total man- Black-headedGrosbeak,4; Song Sparrow, 4; Ringhours 30. Census:House Finch, 17 (276, 112); House neckedPheasant,3 (29, 12); Virginia Rail, 3; BlackSparrow,11 (179,72); Anna'sHummingbird,8 (130,53); capped Chickadee,3; Bewick'sWren, 3; W. MeadowMockingbird, 8; Starling, 8; Brown Towbee, 8; Am. lark, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Indigo Bunting, 2.5; Gambel's Goldfinch, 6 (97, 39); Wilson's Warbler, 6; Cliff Swallow, Quail, 2; SpottedSandpiper,2; Black Phoebe,2; Say's 5 (81, 33); Mourning Dove, 4 (65, 26); Black-chinned Phoebe,2; W. WoodPewee,2; WarblingVireo,2; Com. Hummingbird,4; ScrubJay,4; Com.Flicker,3 (49, 20); Yellowthroat,2; Am. Coot, 1; Belted Kingfisher, 1, Warbling Vireo, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Black-headedGros- Hairy Woodpecker,1; W. Kingbird, 1; Willow Flybeak, 3; SongSparrow,3; LoggerheadShrike,2; Lark catcher,1; ScrubJay,1; HouseWren, 1; Mockingbird,1, Sparrow, 2. Total: 19 species;113 territorial males or Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Phainopepla, 1; Solitary females (1835/km2, 742/100 acres). Remarks: Three nestswerelocated:Corn.Flicker (1), Warbling Vireo (1), and Brown Towbee(1). Many exotic ornamental shrubs on plot. --MARK S. NOEL, Calif. State Univ., Long Beach and 11086 Lavender Avenue, Fountain Valley, Cahf 92708.
Vireo, 1; Yellow-breasted Chat, 1; Screech Owl, + Total: 39 species;115.5 territorial and non-territorial males and female hummingbirds and blackbirds (1098/km 2, 444/100 acres).Remarks: Nestsfound: 52 of 19 species.The Virginia Rails werecertsused by useof a
tape recorder.Lucy'sWarblerswereoccasionally seenin the cottonwoods alongthe river,but no territoriescould be determined.Although Brown-headedCowbirdswere 134. FARM WITH PONDS. -- Location: Utah, not seen,theywereusuallypresentin an adjoiningfield Washington Co.,Springdale Town(Springdale Develop- -- JEROME L. GIFFORD, P.O. Box 85, Springdale, ment Corp. properties); 37ø10'N,113ø00'W;Zion Nat'l Utah 84767. Park TopographicMap (Zion CanyonSection),USGS. Size: 10.52 ha : 26 acres (previouslysurveyedand 135. COTTONWOOD RIVERBOTTOM - PASfenced;an irregulargroupof adjoiningplots,roughly
rectangular). Continuity: New.Topography: NorthFork ILlRE. -- Location: Colorado; Weld Co., about 6 ml S of VirginR. circlesthe SEandS edges.Threehayfields and 1 mi. E of Johnstown on E bank of St. Vrain Creek slopegentlyto the S intopondsandsloughs that drain and 1 mi. upstreamfrom its confluencewith the South into the river.A dry washruns S to dividethe plot and Platte River. Borderedon the E by Weld Co. Road No passbetweenthe two largestponds.Elevation:1174 38, S3, T3N, R67W, 40ø14'N, 104øS2'W, Johnstown meters(3850 ft). Descriptionof Plot: The hay fields, Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1973, 4 covering17.5 acres,are plantedto Alfalfa (Medicago consecutive years.Size:71.6ha = 176.9acres(measured saava) and Orchard Grass (Dactylisglomerata),with from aerialphotograph with planimeter).Descriptionof BuckhornPlantain (Plantagolanceolata)the mostcom- Plot: See AB 27:1006-1007, (1973). Weather: Mostly mon weed.The fieldsweregrazedheavilyuntil June1, clear, occasionallyovercast,warm to hot. Coverage: and then were allowedto grow for hay. Three ponds April 20; May 6, 13, 23, 31; June7, 13, 21; July2; dawncover about 1.4 acres.During the past two summers 1000 hours. Total man-hours: 29. Census: W Com Cattail (Typha latifolia) and Bulrush(Scirpus Meadowlark, 26 (36, IS); Starling, 22 (31, 12); Redvahdus)have invadedone pond, coveringmost of its wingedBlackbird,20 (28, 11); HouseWren, 16 (22, 9), area A 1.4-acrepeachorchardin theSW part of the plot MourningDove,10 (14, 6); Corn.Flicker,7 (10,4); Corn. has OrchardGrassas groundcover.A 5.7-acrebelt of Yellowthroat, 6 (8, 3); Brown-headedCowbird(females), Volume 31, Number 1
79
5 (7, 3); Killdeer,4 (6, 2); E. Kingbird, 4; Am. Kestrel,3 (4, 2); SpottedSandpiper,3; Red-headedWoodpecker, 2, Brown Thrasher,2; N. Oriole, 2; Blue Grosbeak,2; Am Robin, 2; Am. Bittern, 1; Mallard, 1; Ring-necked Pheasant,1; Corn.Snipe,1; RockDove,1; GreatHorned Owl, 1; ScreechOwl, 1; BlueJay,1; Black-billedMagpie, 1, Black-cappedChickadee,1; Corn. Grackle, 1; Am. Goldfinch,1; SongSparrow,1. Total: 30 species; 149territorial males, and female cowbirds (208/kin 2, 84/100
acres).Remarks:Major increases() 50%) occurredin 7
diversity (H') was calculated at 2.043. One Lesser
Yellowlegnestwasfound.Thanksto Alaska Dept of Fish and Game for financialsupport,and to Marilyn Sigmanand MicheleMoutonfor help in vegetation sampling. -- MICHAEL A. SPINDLER, Alaska CooperativeWildlife ResearchUnit, Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, Ak., 99701. 137. SUBARCTIC
TAIGA:
LOWLAND
SERAL
BIRCH-WILLOW.Loeation: Alaska; Fairbanksspecies, whilea majordecrease wasnotedin the House North Star Borough, center of Fairbanks Wildlife Wren. American Bitterns and Blue Grosbeaks were new ManagementArea; 64ø52'N, 148ø43'W,Fairbanks D-2 breeders.Again,3 species of owlsusedthe area,although Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New (1975).Size: 10 ha
the Burrowingdid not appearto havenested.A large prairiedogtown(150+ animals)wasalmosttotallyexterminatedby poisonbaitingby the residentcattlemanduring June.The plot has beencensused regularlysinceits establishmentin 1972 as a continuingavian monitoring programto evaluatethe effectsof the Fort St. Vrain Nuclear GeneratingStation.-- RONALD A. RYDER, Dept. of Fishery & Wildlife Biology, Colorado State Umv., Ft. Collins, Colo. 80523.
= 24.7 acres(square,surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: See All 30:1052,(1976).Additionaldata:Basedon 98 sample units,groundcoveris comprisedof 46% grass,8% herbs, 8% moss,2% lichen, 29ø7o low shrubs,1% water, and 6%
forestlitter. Grassor sedgetussockscover 13% of the ground surface, open water was found on 51% of all units, evidenceof forest fire on 63%. Mean tree diameter 4.9 cm (1.9 in.), total basalarea 3.9 m2/ha (17.0 ft2/acre), density of trees 1623 stems/ha (657/acre). Relative
importanceof trees and large shrubs: Paper Birch (Betulapapyrifera)67%; willow(Salixspp.)29%, Black Spruce (Picea mariana) 2%; Thinleaf Alder (Alnus incana) 1%; White Spruce(Piceaglauca) 1%. Canopy Alaska; Fairbanks-NorthStar Borough,N boundaryof coverage16%, light transmittance96%. Averageheight Fairbanks Wildlife Management Area; 64ø53'N, of canopy4.4 m (14 ft), tallesttrees9 m (30 ft). Densityof 148•46'W,FairbanksD-2 Quadrangle,USGS.Contlnn- brush 55,575 stems/ha (22,491/acre).Most prominent ity: New (1975). Size: 10 ha = 24.7 acres (square, brush speciesare Salix bebbiana,S. arbusculoidesand surveyed).Description of Plot: SeeAB 30:1052 (1976). Salbcplanifolia. Most prominentground cover species Additionaldata: Basedon 98 sampleunits,groundcover are Calamagrostiscanadensis,Eriophorum vaginarum, is comprisedof 8% grasses,10% herbs,42% moss,9ø7o Vaccinium vitis-idaea, V. uliginosum and Ledum lichens,23% lowshrubs,and 8% forestlitter. Openwater palustre. Weather:SeeCensus136.Coverage,1975:May 136. SUBARCTIC SPRUCE FOREST
TAIGA: LOWLAND AND MUSKEG. --
BLACK Loeation:
was found on 33% of the units, evidenceof forest fire on 4% Mean tree diameter 6 cm (2.4 in.), total basal area
7, 14, 30-31; June 12-13; July 2-3, 16; 0400-0800 Total man-hours: 36. Census,1975: Yellow Warbler, 10 (100,
2 7 m2/ha (11.8 ft2/acre). Densityof trees815 stems/ha 40);Lincoln'sSparrow,8 (80,32);Corn.Snipe,5 (50,20), (330/acre).Relativeimportanceof treesand tall shrubs: N. Waterthrush, 5; White-crownedSparrow, 5; Alder Black Spruce (Picea mariana) 57%, Tamarack (Larix Flycatcher,4 (40, 16);RustyBlackbird,4; Tree Sparrow, lancina) 42%, and White Spruce (th'ceaglauca) 1%. 4; Corn.Redpoll, 3 (30, 12); Pintail, 2; Fox Sparrow,2, Canopycoverage8%, light transmittance92%. Average Green-winged Teal, 1; SolitarySandpiper,1; Swalnson's height of canopy5 m (16-ft), tallest trees 10 m (33 ft). Thrush, 1; Gray-cheekedThrush, 1; Orange-crowned Densityof brush7904stems/ha(3199/acre).Most prom- Warbler, 1. Total: 16 species;57 territorial malesor lnent brush speciesare Betulaglandulosa,$alix brachy- females(570/kin2, 231/100 acres).Visitors:Blue-winged carpa, and $. planifolia. Most frequent ground cover Teal; Am. Wigcon;N. Shoveler;SandhillCrane;Lesser speciesare Sphagnum sp., Rubus chamaemorus,and Yellowlegs;N. Phalarope;Corn. Flicker; Violet-green Calamagrostiscanadensis.Plant names are from E. Swallow;TreeSwallow;Black-capped Chickadee;Boreal Hult•n, Flora of Alaska and NeighboringTerritories,, Chickadee;Yellow-rumped(Myrtle) Warbler; Wllson's 1968 Weather:Hot daysto 32øC(90øF),with coolmorn- Warbler; SavannahSparrow.Remarks:Of the fivetaiga lngs (some near or below freezing) and occasional habitats studied, this plot had the second-greatest thunderstorms.Coverage,1975: May 5, 9, 21-22; June 3- breeding bird density, and an intermediate number of 5, 25-26; July 9; 0400-0800.Total man-hours:40. Cen- breeding species,both of which can be attributed to sus, 1975: Dark-eyed (Slate-colored)Junco,8 (80, 32); numerousponds,willow patchesand maturing birch White-crownedSparrow,4.5 (45, 18); Corn. Snipe, 2; forest. Speciesdiversity(H') was calculated at 2 525, Gray-cheekedThrush, 2; Yellow-rumped(Myrtle) Warwhichis alsointermediate in thefiveplotsstudiedNests bler, 2; LesserYellowlegs,1; BohemianWaxwing, 1; found: One eachof Corn.Snipe,Yellow Warbler, and Corn Redpoll, 1; Olive-sidedFlycatcher,0.5; Gray Jay, RustyBlackbird.Thanksto AlaskaDepartmentof Fish 0 5, Am. Robin, 0.5; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 0.5. Total: and Game for financialsupport,and Youth Conserva12 species;23.5 territorial males or females(235/km•, tion Corps for help in vegetationsampling -95/100 acres).Visitors:SolitarySandpiper,Mew Gull, MICHAEL A. SPINDLER,AlaskaCooperative Wddhfe Corn (Yellow-shafted)Flicker, Tree Swallow, Rusty ResearchUnit, Univ. of Alaska,Fairbanks, AK 99701 Blackbird, Pine Grosbeak, SavannahSparrow, Fox Sparrow,Lincoln'sSparrow.Remarks:This plothadthe 138. SUBARCTIC TAIGA: LOWLAND TALL second-lowest number of breeding speciesof the five talga habitatsstudied,with lowbreedingdensity.Species SHRUBS. -- Location: Alaska; Fairbanks-North Star 80
AmericanBirds,January,1977
Borough,center of Fairbanks Wildlife Management groundwith ericaceuslow shrubsgrowingbetweenand Area, 64ø52'N, 148ø42'W,Fairbanks D-2 Quadrangle, on top of the tussocks.Forestgrowthis absent,although USGS. Continuity: New (1975). Size: 10 ha = 24.7 acres a fewsparse,stuntedPaperBirches(Betulapapyrifera), (square,surveyed). Desedptlonof Plot: SeeAB 30:1052 Black Spruces(Picea rnariana), and Thinleaf Alders (1976). Additional Data: Based on 98 sample units, (Alnus incana) characteristicof muskeg habitats are groundcoveris comprisedof 31% grass,11%herbs,9% interspersedacrossthe bog. Basedon 98 sampleunits, moss, 3% lichen, 37% low shrubs, 1% water, 8% forest groundcoveris comprisedof 48% grassand sedges,9% litter Open water was found on 59ø7o of all units; herbs, 10% moss, 4% lichens, 22% low shrubs, and 7% evidence of forest fire on 12%. Mean tree diameter 4.5 forestlitter; grassand sedgetussockscover42% of the cm (1.8 in.), total basal area 0.94 m2/ha (4.1 ft2/acre), ground surface.Open water was found on 14% of all density of trees 663 stems/ha (268/acre). Relative units,evidenceof past fire on 25%. Mean tree diameter importanceof trees and tall shrubs:Thinleaf Alder 3.3 cm (1.3 in.), total basal area, 0.025 m2/ha (0 1 (Alnus incana) 67%; willow (Salix sp.) 13%, White
ft2/acre), density of trees 28 stems/ha (11/acre). Relative
Spruce(Piceaglauca)9%, BlackSpruce(P.mariana)6%,
importanceof the tree and tall shrubspeciesare: Paper Birch 75%, Thinleaf Alder 24%, and Black Spruce1% Canopycoverage0.4%, light transmittance99ø70. Average height of trees3.5 m (11 ft), tallest trees6 m (20 ft). Density of brush 37,544 stems/ha(15,194/acre). Most promculogdes, S. planifolia, S. bebbiana,and Betula glan- inentbrushspeciesareSalixplanifolia,S. arbusculotdes, dulosa. Most prominent ground cover species are Betula glandulosa,B. nana, Ledurn palustre and ChaCharnaedaphnecalyculata,Ledurnpalustre, Vacciniurn rnaedaphnecalyculata. The most prominent ground uhggnosurn, Calarnagrostiscanadensis,and Rubus arc- coverspeciesareEriophorurnvaginaturn,Calarnagrostts Tamarack (Larix laricina) 5%. Canopy coverage26%, light transmittance91%. Averageheightof canopy3.7 m (12 ft), tallesttrees 10 m (33 ft). Densityof brush47,424 stems/ha.Most prominentbrushspeciesareSalix arbus-
tgcusWeather:SeeCensus136.Coverage, 1975:May 4,
canadensis,Rubus charnaernorus,Vaccinium vitis-idaea,
12, 23-24; June 9, 11, 27, 30; July 11; between0400 and 0800 Total man-hours: 36. Census, 1975: Yellow Warbler, 10 (100, 40); Com. Snipe, 7.5 (75, 30); Lincoln's Sparrow,6.5 (65, 26); Tree Sparrow,6 (60, 24); N. Waterthrush, 4.5 (45, 18); Gray-cheekedThrush, 4 (40, 16);
and V. uliginosurn.Edge: Borderedon N and W by similar habitat, on S and E, by seralbirch-willowstands A dog sled ,trail bisectsthe plot. Topography: Flat,
underlainby permafrost,with extensive polygonizatlon
Elevation: 137 m (450 ft). Water: Numerous ice-wedge BlackpollWarbler, 3 (30, 12); Fox Sparrow,3; Green- polygontroughsare water-filled.Weather: See Census wingedTeal, 2; SolitarySandpiper,2; LesserYellowlegs, 136.Coverage,1975: May 6, 15-16;June1-2, 17-18;July 2, Dark-eyed (Slate-colored)Junco,2; Alder Flycatcher, 6-7; 0400-0800. Total man-hours:36. Census,1975: Lin1 5, Pintail, 1; Swainson's Thrush,1; RustyBlackbird,1; coln'sSparrow,8 (80, 32); White-crownedSparrow,5 5 White-crownedSparrow, 1. Total: 17 species;58 ter- (55, 22); Tree Sparrow, 5 (50, 20); Com. Snipe, 2, ntor•al males or females (580/km 2, 235/100 acres). Orange-crowned Warbler, 2; Alder Flycatcher,1; SandVisitors: Mallard, Corn.Flicker, Hammond'sFlycatcher, hill Crane, +. Total: 7 species;23.5 territorial malesor Tree Swallow, Gray Jay, Black-capped Chickadee, females (235/kmL 95/100 acres). Visitors: Com. Flicker, Boreal Chickadee,Am. Robin; Ruby-crownedKinglet, Violet-greenSwallow,Am. Robin, SwainsoWsThrush, BohemianWaxwing, Orange-crowned Warbler, Yellow- BohemianWaxwing, Rusty Blackbird, Com. Redpoll, rumped (Myrtle) Warbler, Pine Grosbeak, Savannah Dark-eyed Junco. Remarks: This plot had the lowest Sparrow. Remarks: Unexpectedly, this senescenttall number of breedingspeciesand tied for the lowestdenshrub communitysupportedgreaterbreedingbird den- sity of the five :alga habitatsstudied;speciesdiversity sltiesthan adjacentclimax Spruce-Birchforest. It had (H') was calculatedat 1.610 (countingthe "+" as 0 1) the greatestdensityof thefivetaigahabitatsstudied,and One Lincoln's Sparrow nest was found. Thanks to the second-greatestnumber of species. The great AlaskaDepartmentof Fish and Game for financial suphorizontal habitat diversity,offering wet marshes,dry port, and to the Youth ConservationCorps for help in brush, rank herbs and grasses,extensive deciduous vegetation sampling. -- MICHAEL A. SPINDLER, shrub cover, and occasionalconiferousgrowth, is most Alaska Cooperative Wildlife Reseach Unit, Univ of likely the cause for such great density and diversity. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701. Speciesdiversity (H') was calculated at 2.576. Three 140. SUBARCTIC TAIGA: LOWLAND WHITE Com Snipenests(4 eggseach)werediscoveredon small BIRCH FOREST. m Location: grasshummocksjust abovewaterline.Thanks to Alaska SPRUCE-PAPER Dept of Fish and Game for financial support,and the Alaska; Fairbanks-NorthStar Borough,N boundaryof Youth Conservation Corpsfor help in vegetationsam- Fairbanks Wildlife Management Area; 64ø51'N, phng -- MICHAEL A. SPINDLER, Alaska Cooperative 148ø41'W,Fairbanks D-2 Quadrangle,USGS. Con. WtldhfeResearchUnit, Univ. of Alaska,Fairbanks,AK tlnuity: 1975(New).Size: 10 ha: 24.7 acres(square,sur99701 veyed).Descr/ption of Plot: See AB 30:1052 (1976). 139. SUBARCTIC
TAIGA:
LOWLAND
TUSSOCK-
LOW SHRUB BOG. -- Location: Alaska; FairbanksNorth Star Borough; center of Fairbanks Wildlife
Additionaldata: Basedon 98 sampleunits,groundcover is composedof 13% grasses,11% herbs,33% moss,6%
ManagementArea; 64ø52'N,148ø44'W,FairbanksD-2 Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New (t975). Size:10 ha
lichens, 21% low shrubs, and 16% forest litter. Open water was found on 14% of the nnits; evidenceof forest fire on 27% of the units. Mean tree diameter 7.8 cm (3 1 in.), total basal area 13.4 m•/ha (58.4 ftUacre), densityof
= 24 7 acres(square,surveyed). Deserlptlonof Plot: The vegetationis dominatedby extensiveEriophorum vagina:urnsedgetussocks growingup to onemeterabovethe
trees2016 trees/ha (816/acre).Relativeimportanceof treesand tall shrubs:White Spruce(Piceaglauca)48%, Black Spruce (Picea mariana) 24%; willow (Salix sp )
Volume31, Number1
81
11%;PaperBirch(Betulapapyrifera)9ø70; Thinleaf Alder (Alnusincana)8%. Canopycoverage34%.light transmittance86%. Averageheightof canopy7 m (23 ft), tallest trees 14 m (46 fi). Density of brush 37,544 stems/ha (15,194/acre).Most prominentbrush speciesare Salix arbusculoides,S. planifolla, S. bebbiana, and Alnus mcana. Most prominent ground cover species are: Vacciniumuliginosum,V. vitis-idaea,Ledurnpalustre, Equisetum pratense, Calamagrostis canadensis, and Rubus arcticus. Weather: See Census136. Coverage: 1975: May S, 13, 19-20; June5-6, 19-20;July 10; 04000800. Total man-hours: 36. Census, 1975: Dark-eyed Junco,7 (70, 28); Swainsoh'sThrush, S (50, 20); Yellowrumped(Myrtle) Warbler, 4.5 (45, 18); Corn.Snipe,2; N. Waterthrush,2; Fox Sparrow,2; BorealChickadee,1; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 1; White-crownedSparrow, 1; Ohve-sidedFlycatcher,0.S; Gray Jay,0.S; Gray-cheeked Thrush, 0.S; Wilson'sWarbler, 0.S; Pine Grosbeak,0.S; Corn. Redpoll, 0.S; Alder Flycatcher,+; Black-capped Chickadee, +; Am. Robin, +; Varied Thrush, +; Orange-crownedWarbler, +; RustyBlackbird, +. Total: 21 species,28.5 territorial males or females(285/km2, 115/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Kestrel, Solitary Sandpiper, LesserYellowlegs,Corn. Flicker, Tree Swallow, BohemianWaxwing,Tree Sparrow,Lincoln'sSparrow. Remarks: This habitat had the greatestnumber of breeding speciesof the five lowland taiga habitats studied. Speciesdiversity(H') was calculatedat 2.340 (countingeach"+" as 0.1). Thanksto the AlaskaDept. of Fish and Game for financial support,and the Youth ConservationCorpsfor help in vegetationsampling.-MICHAEL A. SPINDLER, AlaskaCooperativeWildlife ResearchUnit, Univ. ofAlaska,Fairbanks,AK 99701.
Phalarope and Pomarine Jaeger densities were also
calculatedas last year. Nestslocated(numbersuccessfully hatchedin parentheses): Steller'sEider,2 (1); Am. GoldenPlover,1 (0); PectoralSandpiper,12 (9); Dunhn, 8 (7); SemipalmatedSandpiper,6 (6); Baird'sSandpiper, 1 (1); Red Phalarope,10 (9); 'PomafineJaeger,1 (1), Lapland Longspur, 10 (7). Predation: Plot visited regularlyby Arctic Fox, Short-tailedWeasel,Pomatree Jaeger,SnowyOwl, and Short-caredOwl, and onceby a PeregrineFalcon. All predators except the Peregrine were presentprimarily becauseof high lemmingdensities, measured in mid-June by capture-recapture methodsto be 50-60/ha on plot 1, but averaginglessthan this over the generalarea. Both Pomafine Jaegerand SnowyOwl densitieswere lower than expectedgiventhe number of lemmingspresent. Short-caredOwls were moreabundantthan in any year since1953.Savannah Sparrowsnestedin severallocationsnearthe Laboratory, providingthe first nestingrecordsof this speciesfor the Barrowregion.Comparingother speciesdensitieswith previousyears, Steller'sEider and Pectoral Sandpiper achievedhigh densities,whereasthe Red Phalarope declined somewhatfrom the peak reached last year Lapland Longspurnumbersincreased(seeCusterand
Pitelka,Auk 94, in press).This work was fundedby NOAA-OCS aspart of a studyof shorebirdecologyWe thank the Naval Arctic ResearchLaboratory,Barrow, Alaska, for logisticalsupport. --J. P. MYERS, R $ GREENBERG, and F. A. PITELKA, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Cahf 94720.
141. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA (I). -- Location: Alaska; North SlopeBorough,3 km due S of Naval
142. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA (H). -Location:Alaska;North SlopeBorough,3 km SSW of Naval Arctic ResearchLaboratory, Barrow; 71ø18'N, 156ø43'W; Barrow Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1975.Size:27.0ha = 66.7acres(rectangular,
Arctic Research Laboratory, Barrow; 71ø18'N,
surveyed and gridded). Description of Plot: See AB
156ø42'W; Barrow Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1975. Size: 33.0 ha = 81.5 acres(square, surveyedand gridded).Descriptionof Plot: See AB 29 1135 (1975). Weather: Average June temperature 33 3øF (departurefrom normal +0.2ø), range, 23ø-59ø. Averagewind speed 10.7 mph. Weather data from NOAA, Barrow, Alaska, 3 km to west. Snow melt-off largelycompleteby June14. Coverage:May 30-August 30, Censuses on May 31; June5, 11, 17, 20, 25, 30; July5;
29:1135-6 (1975). Weather: See Census 141, but snow
melt-offoccurredapproximately3 dayslater. Coverage: May 31; June5, 9, 14, 18, 22, 28; July3; between09001200,with severalafternoonvisits.Total man-hours 32, plus 50 additionalhours on the plot during census peried. Census:Red Phalarope,8 incubatingmales(30, 12); Steller'sEider, 7 incubatingfemales(26, 10), Pectoral Sandpiper,6 incubatingfemales(22, 9); Lapland Longspur,6; Dunlin, 5.5 (20, 8); SemipalmatedSand0900-1200, with several visits in late afternoon. Total piper, 2; Pomafine Jaeger, 1.5; Oldsquaw, 1; Am man-hours:32. Census:PectoralSandpiper,12 (36, 15); GoldenPlover,1; RuddyTurnstone,1; SnowBunting, Lapland Longspur,10.5 (32, 13); Red Phalarope, 10 1; King Eider, +; Baird's Sandpiper,+; Long-billed incubatingmales (30, 12); Dunlin, 7 (21, 9); Semi- Dowitcher,+; SnowBunting,1; King Eider, +; Baird's palmated Sandpiper, 5.5 (17.7); Steller's Eider, 3 Sandpiper,+; Long-billedDowitcher, +; Short-cared incubatingfemales(9,4); SnowBunting,2; Am. Golden Owl, +. Total: 15 species;40 territorial malesor females Plover, 1.5; Balrd's Sandpiper, 1.5; Pomafine Jaeger, (148/km2; 60/100 acres).Visitors: Red-throatedLoon, I 5, SavannahSparrow,0.5; SnowyOwl, +; Short-eared Pintail. Remarks: See Census 141 re calculation of denOwl, +. Total: 13 species;55 territorial malesor females sities.Averagenumberof territorial male Pectorals4 5 (167/km•, 67/100 acres). Visitors: Pintail, Oldsquaw, (17, 7). Predation:Plot visitedregularlyby ArcticFox, King Eider, Long-billedDowitcher,Ruddy Turnstone. Short-tailedWeasel,and the arian predatorsrecordedas Remarks: As in our 1975 census,we calculateddensities breedingbirds;lemmingdensitiescomparableto Census of Pectoral Sandpipersas the number of incubatin•g 141.Four Steller'sEidernestsand 1 Oldsquawnestlost females;averagenumberof territorialmalespresenton to predators.In addition,humanvisitors,particularly the plot was 7 (21, 9). Pectoralterritorieswere con- localchildren,interruptedbreedingin 3 of 4 Pomanne siderablymore stable than last year, with no marked Jaegerpairs, destroyingnestsand killing adults.Nests reflux of malesin late June,whichhas otherwiseproven located(numbersuccessfully hatchedin parentheses) to be a recurrentpattern of Barrow area Pectorals.Red Oldsquaw,1 (0); Steller'sEider, 7 (3); Am. Golden AmericanBirds, January,1977
Plover,1 (0); PectoralSandpiper,6 (6); Dunlin, 4 (4); Anhinga, •; KingRail,1; Purple Gallinule, 1; RedSemtpalmated Sandpiper,2 (2); RuddyTurnstone,1 (1); shouldered' Hawk,+; Limpkin,+; BarredOwl, +. Also Red Phalarope,10 (9); PomafineJaeger,2 (1). For both usingarea: Great Blue Heron (2); White Ibis (2); Am plotsI and II, extensive fieldtime andexcellentvisibility Egret(1); TurkeyVultures(1). Total: 13 (10 nesting) affordedby tundra ensuredthat at least95% of all nests
species;43 males (96/km2, 39/100). Remarks: Heron,
werefound. On Plot II, Pectoraldensitiesweresignif- blackbird, and Anhinga nests were located;total 91 tcantlylowerthan last year,for both incubatingfemales nests.GreenHeronnests(27) represented minimumof and territorial males. For males, this results at least in 14 individual pairs with renesting. -- JAMES A part becauseof the absenceof a late June influx (see
KUSHLAN
and MARILYN
S. KUSHLAN,
US
previouscensus). Steller'sEider densitywasmarkedly NationalPark Service,EvergladesNationalPark, Homehtgherthan last year, while the number of Red Phal-
stead, Fl. 33030.
aropes dropped. No obviousenvironmentalconditions
correlatewith thesechanges.This work wasfundedby
NOAA-OCSaspart of a studyof shorebird ecology. We thank the Naval Arctic ResearchLaboratory,Barrow, Alaska,for logisticalsupport.--J. P. MYERS, R. S. GREENBERG, and F. A. PITELKA, Museum of VertebrateZoology,Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.Calif. 94720
143. SHRUBBY SWAMP AND SEDGE HUMMOCKS. -- Location: Connecticut; Litchfield Co., N end of Bantam Lake, White Memorial Foundation,
Lttchfield, 41ø43'02'N, 73ø12'27'W, Litchfield Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1965; 10 intermtttentyears.Size: 8.09 ha = 20 acres.Descriptionof
145. CATTAIL
MARSH.
--
Location: Ontario,
Haldimand-NorfolkRegionalMunicipality,3 miles SE of Port Rowan; 42ø35'41Y'N, 80ø23'SlY'W,Port Rowan, Dept.Energy,MinesandResources, Ottawa.Continuity: New. Size: 2.76 ha = 6.82 acres(400 x 50-100 m; line of
surveystakes50 m apart through long axis, sizedetermined from aerial photos).Deseriptlonof Plot: A dense standof Corn.Cattail (Typhalatifolia) on the shoreof Lake Erie; with channelsand poolscomprisingapproximately 5-10% of surface area. Water depth 0-4 ft, averageabout 1.5-2 ft. Cattails make up over 95% of plants present.Plants in open areas, submergentor emergingmainly after the breedingseason,are mostly
Water Flaxseed(Spirodelapolyrhiza), Pickerelweed (Pontaderia cordata), Yellow Water Lily OVuphar parts,5 and 15 acresrespectively, on eithersideof the advena),White Water Lily OVymphaea tuberosa),White Plot: See AFN 19:625-627 (1965). A river delta in two
BantamR. as it flowsinto BantamL. Coverage.' May 24; June6-9; 12-15; 0430-2000.Total man-hours:48. Cen-
sus:Red-winged Blackbird,32 (396,160);SwampSparrow, 32; YellowWarbler, 24 (297, 120); Corn.Yellowthroat, 16 (198,80); VirginiaRail, 14 (173, 70);Willow Flycatcher, 11(136,55);Long-billed MarshWren,8 (99, 40), SongSparrow, 8; Mallard,6 (74,30);GrayCatbird, 6; CedarWaxwing,6; Am. Goldfinch,6; Alder Flycatcher, 3 (37, 15); Wood Duck, 1; Am. Coot, 1; Corn.
Flicker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Tree Swallow,1; Chestnuts•dedWarbler, 1; GreenHeron,0.5; Veery,0.5; YellowthroatedVireo,+. Total:22 species; 179territorialmales (2213/km2, 895/100 acres).Remarks: It was the driest census periodsince1965;standing watervariedfrom0 to 2 ft General numberswere high. A solitaryAm. Coot, andsinglepairsof GreenHeronandWoodDuck, were presentthroughout, but probablydid notbreed.Visitors includedGreat BlueHeron, Black-crowned Night Heron, Canada Goose,Black Tern, and Tree, Bank, and Barn
Water Crowfoot (Ranunculus trichophyllus), Water Stargrass (Heteranthera dubia)andGreaterBladderwort (Utriculariavulgaris).Edge:Surroundedby openwater. Largebay on one sideof plot; shallower,calmerwater with more cattail standsand more diversemarshplants on the other side, separated from nearest emergent vegetationby a 30 ft channel. Topography: Flat Elevation: 575 ft. Weather: Normally warm and clear Coverage:May 27, 29; June 3-5, 8-10, 12. Total manhours: 30. Census (based on number of breeding females):Red-wingedBlackbird,101(3659,1481);Black Tern, 8 (290, 117);Corn.Gallinule,7 (254, 103);Mallard, 2; Least Bittern, 1. Toad: 5 species;119 femaleswith nests (4312/km •, 1745/100 acres). Visitors: Forster's
Tern, Barn Swallow, Tree Swallow, Purple Martin, Long-billedMarsh Wren (3 dummynestsfound),Corn Grackle. Only marsh wrensmay have bred, but others fed here regularly. Remarks: Censusingwas done entirely by canoe, as the bottom mud was too soft. Our
Swallows.Specialthanksto JimCavanaughfor his help. methodwasto searchfor and tag nestswith smallnum--ANDREW MAGEE, Woollybear,Troy,N.H. 03465. beredflags,becauseshortness of visibilityand densityof nestsmadeit extremelydifficultto countsingingmales 144. EVERGLADES MARSH. -- Location: Florida; Densityof cattailsmade progressvery slow,sothe enttre Dade Co., Everglades Nat'l Park, approximately 30 mi area was searchedonly twice (about 2/3 was covered W of Miami; SW corner at 25ø38'21YN, 80ø44'21YW, three times).Numbersfor all speciesexceptBlack Tern Everglades East Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. are certain to be underestimates.An enormouscrop of Size:44.6 ha = 110.2acres(generallysquare,measured insectsemergedin earlyJune.A half-dozenLong-btlled from aerialphoto).Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 30:1065, Marsh Wrenswereheardduringa brief visitAugust4, so (1976).Weather: By end of dry seasonwater in marshes this species may alsohavenested,perhapsstartingafter had droppedto about 1 in. with higher sawgrassand our searches ended. Black Tern nests were unusual pondedgesdry. Rainy seasonbeganrelativelyearly, in (Cuthbert,Auk 71: 36-63) in being built on emergent early May. Coverage:April 13, 21; May 6, 18, 20; June patchesof soft mud rather than on floating dead plant 7-8, 16-17,22; July13. Includingall daylighthours,one material.-- ERICA H. DUNN andERICA NOL, Long mght trip. Total man-hours:68. Census:Green Heron, Point Bird Observatory,P.O. Box 160, Port Rowan, 14 (31, 13); Red-wingedBlackbird, 8 (18, 7); Corn. Ontario, Canada, NOE 1MO. Yellowthroat,7 (16, 6); Boat-tailedGrackle, 5 (11, 5); Lomstana Heron, 2; Cardinal, 2; Carolina Wren, 2; Volume31, Number1
83
146. CATTAIL MARSH I. -- Location: Illinois; Lake
Co., N point of CrabappleIsland in Fox Lake; 42ø27'N,
148. BULRUSH AND CATTAIL MARSH IN CONIFER FOREST. -- Location: Montana; Lake Co., on W
88ø10'W, Fox Lake Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: sideof Flathead Lake,6 mi.N of Polson, onKingsPoint New.Size:5.9 ha = 14.6acres(triangular,measuredwith plan[meter). Description of Plot: Inland deep fresh marsh,varyingin depth from 15 cm to over 1 m; the outer portion is dominated by Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia), with Bur-reed (Sparganium eurycarpum) becoming increasinglymore common toward the center.The deeperwater supportsCoontail (Ceratophyllumdemersum),severalpondweedspecies (Potamogeton), Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor), Forked Duckweed (Zemna trisulca), Giant Duckweed
Rd.;47ø35'N, 114ø09'W, WildHorseIslandQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. (1975) Size: 40.47 ha = 100
acres(irregularrectangle,determinedfrom maps). Description of Plot: The marshis roughlyhourglass shapedand containsapproximately 32.3 ha = 80 acres, about 50% of which is open water. The NE corner
stretches intoanoutletstream, whichflowsintoa large
(30 mi. longx 10mi. wide),freshwaterlake, about200 m
from the marsh.The outletchannelis bisected by an earth dam whichonceheld a headgate(nowwashed
(Spirodelapolyrhiza), and Watermeal (Wolffia colum-
away) and valve. Beavershave maintained the dam to
biana). The E edgehas a narrowrow of willows(Salix sp.) approximately20 m wide. Edge: Two edgesare borderedby water,the S edgeby similarmarshhabitat. Topography:Flat. Elevation:730 ft. Coverage:June25-
some extent and have constructed three smaller dams on
29; July 1; 0500-1000 hours.Total man-hours:&Census: Long-billed Marsh Wren, 11 (186, 75); Red-winged Blackbird, 1: (169, 68); SwampSparrow,5 (85, 34); Tree Swallow, 3 (51, 21); Starling, 2; Corn. Grackle, 2; Virginia Rail, 1.5; Corn. Yellowthroat, 1. Total: 8 species;35.5 territorial males (601/kin2, 243/100 acres). Renmrks:The water borderededgeswere censusedby the samemethodas Census147.The loweredgewascensusedby walking throughthe marsh.Three Tree Swal-
low and two Starling nests were found. Long-billed Marsh Wrens, Red-wingedBlackbirds,and Swamp Sparrows were evenly distributed. Virginia Rails respondedto a recordingof their voiceon four visits.-RANDALL MADDING (compiler) and WILLIAM McCLAIN.
R.R. 2, WAPORA.
Inc., Charleston. 111.
the outletstream.The marshfringeis seralconifer forest,withoutcroppings andcliffsof sedimentary rock. The degreeof succession in the marshvariesgreatly. Emergentvegetationis dominatedby HardstemBulrush
(Scirpus acutus),in thecentral,deeperareas,withCorn. Cattail(Typhalatifolia),alongthe shorelines. A small mat of Sedges{Carexscirpiformisand C. utriculata), growsin very shallowwater in the SE corner. The two main areasof openwaterare locatedat the wideendsof
themarsh. witha winding, connecting channel alongthe W side.Submerged vegetation consists of Corn.Bladderwort(Ut•culadavulgaris), Pondweed (Najassp.),anda very smallamountof LesserDuckweed(Zemnaminor),in the sedgearea. Two smallislandshold severalwhite,broken top snags,extensively usedby cavitynesters.The marsh has three beaver houses. There are beaver channels
throughthe rushes.Severalmuskrat houseshave fur-
nished emergent nestsites.Thebordering forestcanopy is Douglas-firGøseudotsuœa menziesii)75%, and Pon-
61920.
derosa Pine (t•nus ponderosa)25%, of which 5% are 147. CATTAIL MARSH H. -- Location: Illinois; Lake Co., Grass island, N end of Grass Lake; 4T27'N,
standingdead.The understory is composed of Black Hawthorn(CrataegusdouglasH)and Thinleaf Alder
88ø10'W, Fox Lake Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New.Size: 1.6 ha = 3.9 acres(irregular.measuredwith a planimeter).Descriptionof Plot: Inland shallowfresh marsh.Narrow-leavedCattail (Typhaangustifolia)made up nearly 100% of the vegetation.Duckweed(Zemna minor) was found in the open areas and Deadly Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) was present at the peripheryof the marsh.The entire plot wasan unstable floatingmat of vegetation.Edge: Surroundedon all sides by water. Topography:Flat. Elevation: 730 ft. Coverage: June25-29; July 1; 0S00-1000hours.Total man-hours:5.
Census:Red-wingedBlackbird, 8 (507, 205); Longbilled Marsh Wren, 4 (253, 103); SwampSparrow,2; Corn.Gallinule, 1. Total: 4 species;15 territorial males (950/km 2, 385/100 acres). Remarks: Because of wave action from boats and wind, much of the island has
eroded away, until only 3.9 acresremain. Grass Island was eensusedby rowing a boat around the island and stoppingat 30 m intervals.To increasethe field of view overthe tall cattails,a smallplatformwasplacedon the bow of the boat. The presenceof the gallinuleswas
verifiedwhenit answered a tapedrecordingof its voice. -- RANDALL MADDING (compiler)and WILLIAM McCLAIN,
R.R. 2, WAPORA,
Inc., Charleston, 111.
61920.
Bulrushand Cattail Marsh in ConiferForest. Photo/ Marcella Bishop.
84
American Birds. January. 1977
Junco,l; SongSparrow, 3.Weather, (Alnus tenuifolia). Theshrublayerconsists ofBuckbrush Wren,2; Dark-eyed (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) 40%,Wild Rose(Rosa 1976:Generallymild and sunny.Two trips on calm, days,thebalance oncleardays,withlightbreeze woodsd) 20%,Red-Osier Dogwood (Comusstolonifera) overcast temperature. Coverage: April 10,24;May 10%,youngcanopyand understory treesin various andmoderate hours(2 stages of growth 20%,Serviceberry (Amelanchier alni- l, 12-13,20,27-28;June3, 9, 14,24;dawn-1130 hours).Totalman-hours: 72. Census, foha) 10%and othershrubsincluding, Buffaloberrytrips1700-1930 Blackbird,5l (126,51); SongSpar(Shepherdia canadensis), BlackCurrant(Ribesamer- 1976:Red-winged Blackbird, 22 (54,22), tcanum),Choke Cherry (Prunusmelanocarpa), and row,30 (74,30);Yellow-headed
Mountain Spray (Holodiscus discolor). Abundant ground Corn.Yellowthroat,12 (30, 12); Am. Coot, 10 (25, 10),
coverconsistsof OregonGrape (Mahoniarepens), Tree Swallow,9 (22, 9); Redhead,8 (20, 8); Yellow Kinglet,7(17, 7); Canada Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi),Wild StrawberryWarbler,8; Ruby-crowned (Fragaria virginiana), Arrowleaf Balsamroot (Balsamor-Goose,6 (15,6); MourningDove,6; WillowFlycatcher,
Sparrow, 6; Mallard,5 (12,5);WoodDuck, htzasagittata), andPoison Ivy(Rhusradicans). Vegeta- 6; Chipping Chickadee, 5; Dark-eyed Junco, 5; Tree tionontherockycliffsconsists chieflyof OregonGrape, 5; Black-capped Sparrow, 5; Pied-billed Grebe, 4 (10,4);RuffedGrouse, Buckbrush andgrasses. Thetractisgrazed occasionally Flycatcher, 4; W. WoodPewee, 4; Barn by cattleandregularly by deer.Edge:Situated on a 4; Hammond's 4; MountainChickadee, 4; Long-billed Marsh wooded, rocky,pointwhichjutsoutintoa large,fresh Swallow,
waterlake.Coniferforeston steep,roundtoppedhills, Wren, 4; Am. Robin,4; Pine Siskin,4; Great Blue Duck, 3; Violet-green continues inlandon a generalupwardgradient.A dirt Heron, 3 (7, 3); Ring-necked 3; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Orange-crowned road bordersthe W sideand a meadow(4 ha) is at the S Swallow, endTopography: Marshandmeadow liein a basinsur- Warbler,3; BlackTern,2; Corn.Nighthawk,2; Calliope 2; Corn.Flicker,2; DuskyFlycatcher, 2, rounded bysteepslopes. A rockycliffrisesalongtheE Hummingbird, Thrush,2; Townsend's Solitaire,2; Warbling sideof the marsh.The outlet channelis throughsteep Swainsoh's Warbler,2; Yellow-rumped Warbler, rock walls. Elevation: 2892 ft. Weather, 1975: Vireo,2; Nashville
2; Cassin's Finch,2; Osprey,1.5;Blue-winged Teal, 1, Cinnamon Teal,1; Am. Wigcon,1; N. Shoveler, 1; Corn Goldeneye, 1; PrairieFalcon,l; Saw-whet Owl, l, 1;HairyWoodpecker, 1; Roughdawn-1200 hoursand2 evening trips.Totalman-hours: RufousHummingbird,
Unseasonably cool,damp,latespring. Observation days hadminimalprecipitation andmoderate or nowind. Coverage: April30;May13-14,28;June4, 12,16,22;
Swallow, l; Corn.Raven,1;Pygmy Nuthatch, l, 52 Census, 1975:Red-winged Blackbird, 58 (143,58); winged
HermitThrush,l; CedarWaxwing,1; Am. Redstart,1,
Song Sparrow, 32(79,32);Yellow-headed Blackbird, 20 Cowbird,l; GreatHorned (49,20);Corn.Yellowthroat, 15(37,15);Yellow Warbler, N. Oriole,l; Brown-headed 0.5; Corn.Merganser, +, 12(30,12);Am.Coot,8 (20,8);BarnSwallow, 8; Black- Owl,0.5; PileatedWoodpecker, +; White-crowned Sparrow,+. Total: capped Chickadee, 8; WillowFlycatcher, 7 (17, 7); Red-tailedHawk, 295territorial malesor females (729/km 2, RuffedGrouse,5 (12,5); MourningDove,5; Pied-billed 66 species;
Grebe,4 (10,4); Mallard,4; Redhead, 4; TreeSwallow, 295/100 acres). Visitors: Ring-billed Gull, Belted
Remarks: 37nests found:GreatBlueHeron, 4, Am.Robin,4; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 4; Dark-eyedKingfisher. Goose, 3; Redhead, 3; Osprey, l; PrairieFalJunco,4; GreatBlueHeron,3 (7, 3); CanadaGoose,3; 3; Canada Corn Nighthawk, 3; Hammond's Flycatcher, 3; W. con,l; Am.Coot,2; MourningDove,3; Corn.Flicker,l, 2; TreeSwallow, 6; Black-capped WoodPewee,3; Long-billed MarshWren,3; Hermit WillowFlycatcher, l; Long-billed MarshWren, 1; Am. Robin, Thrush,3; Nashville Warbler,3; ChippingSparrow, 3; Chickadee, Thrush,1; Am. Redstart,l; YellowCinnamonTeal, 2; Wood Duck, 2; Black Tern, 2; 2; Swainson's
Violet-green Swallow,2; MountainChickadee, 2; headedBlackbird, l; Red-wingedBlackbird, 2; Song 3. Additional fledglings seen:Pied-billed Orange-crowned Warbler,2; Yellow-rumped Warbler, Sparrow, 2, Am.Redstart, 2; TreeSparrow, 2; Osprey, 1.5;Pin- Grebe,5; CanadaGoose,3; WoodDuck,3; BlackTern, Owl, 3; Red-breasted Nuthatch,1; Hermit tall, l, Blue-winged Teal,l; N. Shoveler, l; Ring-necked2; Saw-whet Thrush,l; CedarWaxwing,l, Duck, l; Corn.Goldeneye, l; RuddyDuck, l; Corn. Thrush,2; Swainson's Blackbird, 2; SongSparrow, 8. Predation Merganser, l; PrairieFalcon, l; Rufous Hummingbird,Red-winged
appears to beratherheavy. Destroyed nests andadult l, Calliope Hummingbird, l; Corn.Flicker,l; Pileated bird kills have been found. One Marten (3liarresamerWoodpecker, 1; HairyWoodpecker, 1; Downy Woodwassighted, aswellastracksandsignof Mink pecker, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, l; GrayCatbird, l; icana) O1/lustela rison). I thank landowners, Mr. and Mrs Swalnson's Thrush, l; Townsend'sSolitaire,1; Cedar
Waxwing, l; N. Oriole,1;Brown-headed Cowbird, l; W.
WilliamPinkhey, for support andMatthewandMartin
Bishopand Lynn Kelly for field assistance-Tanager, 1; Am.Bittern,+; Canvasback, +; Red-tailedMARCELLA M. BISHOP, 212 Second Avenue E, Hawk,+; GmatHornedOwl,+; CliffSwallow, +; Varied Thrush,+. Total: 65 species; 277 territorialmalesor Polson,Mont. 59860. females (684/km2, 277/100 acres).Remarks: 25 nests were located:Great Blue Heron, 3; Redhead, l; Osprey,
l, RuffedGrouse,l; Am.Coot,l; WillowFlycatcher, 2;
149. FLOODPLAIN POND. -- Location:Colorado, Weld Co., about6 mi. S and 1.5 mi. E of Johnstown Partsof Sects.34& 35,T4N, R67W,40ø15'N,104ø52'W,
W WoodPewee,1; Tree Swallow,l; Barn Swallow,3; USGS.Continuity: Estabhshed Am Robin, l; Swainson's Thrush, 1; Corn.Yellow- MillikenQuadrangle,
1974;3 consecutive years.Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acres from an aerial photowith planimeter) Red-winged Blackbird, 2; SongSparrow, 2. Additional (measured ofPlot:SeeAB:28:1034-1035 (1974). Edge: young seen: Pied-billed Grebe, 13;WoodDuck,3;Corn. Description Goldeneye, 3; Am. Coot,2; BlackTern,l; W. Wood BorderedontheS, E, andN by FloodplainCottonwood land Pewee, 5; Red-winged Blackbird, 3; Long-billed Marsh forestandon the W by haylandandagricultural
throat,1; Am.Redstart,l; Yellow-headed Blackbird,1;
Volume 31,Number 1
85
Topography: Roughlycircular;banksare steepand about3 to 8 fi high;meandepthis approximately 3 ft. Elevation:4790 fl. Weather:Mostlyclear, dry, and warm.Coverage: May 6, 13,23,31;June7, 13,21;July2;
dikesaroundthe plot and in habitatsotherthan marsh werenot included.Lessthan oneBrown-headed Cowbird
sunnse-0650 hours. Total man-hours: 4.5. Census:
pleted. --
was averaged for each census. American and Lesser
Goldfinches potentially nested aftercertsusing wascomPETER C. SORENSEN and PAUL F
Yellow-headed Blackbird, 32 (377, 152); Cam. SPRINGER,U.S.Fishand WildlifeService, Humboldt Yellowthroat, 5 (59,24);Red-winged Blackbird,5; Am. StateUniv.,Arcata.Calif.95521. Coot, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird(females),2; Canada Goose,1; SpottedSandpiper,1; W. Meadowlark,1. 151. FRESHWATER MARSH-RIPARIAN WOOD. Total: 8 species; 49 territoriMmales(577/km2, 233/100 acres). Remarks: Yellow-headed Blackbirds declined LAND. -- Location:California;RiversideGa., 1 5 mi intersection, SantaAna from45 territoriesin 1975.CommonYellowthroats, W. SSE of the Missian-Riverview Meadowlarks,and Red-wingedBlackbirdsshowedter- RiverRegionalPark, Rubidaux;33ø59'N,117ø24'W, WestQuadrangle, USGS.Continuity: New ritorialnumbers similarto 1975.Althoughonepair of Riverside CanadaGeeseandtwopairsof Am. Cootssetup ter- Size:9.3 ha = 23 acresfirregular,700x 1300ft, deter-
minedby aerialphotoand steeltape).Description of Plot: Freshwater marshwith associated openmature Trees,3 inches diameterandover, Fort St. Vrain NuclearGeneratingStationon the sur- riparianwoodland. 0.7/acre,total roundingenvironment. The pond will act as an inter- basedon ten 0.1 acrecircularsamples, area1.6square ft/acre.Species comprising 90%of mediateholdinglocationfor blow-downwater from the basal oftrees:Fremont Cottonwood (Populus cooling towers whentheplantbecomes operative. Special thetotalnumber ntanesearlyin theperiod,onlyonecootnestwasfound. The plot was establishedto evaluatethe effectsof the
thanks to Robert Stark for his assistance.--HERMAN
fremontii),3, 39, 47, 2; deadtrees,3, 37, 47, 2; willow
sizeclassA J GRIESE,Dept. Fisheryand WildlifeBiology,Col- (Salixspp.),2, 23, 6, 2. Treesby diameter (3-6in.)2, 25,8.1,2; B (6-9in.)none;C (9-15in.)3, 38, oradoState Univ., Fort Collins,Colo. 80523. 36.7,2; D (15-21in.)8, 12.5,11.2,1; E (21-27in.)8, 125, 315;groundcover95%,can150. DIKED COASTAL SALT MARSH. -- Loca- 24.4,2. Shrubstems/acre, canopyheight29 ft (range18tion:California; HumboldtGa.,3 mi. S of Eureka,NW opycover8.5%;average seasonal marsh35%, perennial of StateHwy.101andSWoftheKingSalmonexitat the 33). Woodland50ø70, marsh 15%. The area historically hasbeengrazed. Edge: formerShipwreck touristattraction (surrounding marsh Pasturelandand a sewagetreatment plant borderthe is the plot);40ø44'N,124ø12'W, FieldsLandingQuadto theE, withponds, rangle,USGS.Continuity:New.Size:10.Sha = 26 acres plotto theW, morepastureland marsh,and riparianwoodlandto the N and S. Elevation:
(irregular boundary follows physical barriers, averaging waterexists flowing from about700x 1600ft; aerialphotowithdotgridoverlay.) About730ft. Water:Perennial to S;10-40%oftheflowissewage effluent, depending Description of Plot: Dikedsalt marshdominated by N Weather:Hightemperatures ranged from dense stands of invading3 ft tall Bunch Grass ontheseason. (Deschampsia cespitosa). Lesseramountsof Rush(]un- 65 to 100øF.Fogwascommonduringthe AM hours (WeatherBureauat RiversideAirport,about2 5 ml
cuslesueurii), SpikeRush (eleocharis palustris),Sedge fromsite).Coverage: March27; April 3-4, 20, 24-25, (Carexobnupta),Water Celery(Oenanthesarmentosa), May 8, 27; 0530-0830 hours(PST). Total man-hours 24 andCalifornia Blackberry (Rubus vitifolius) arepresent. Census: Starling,13 (140,57);Red-winged Blackbird, 9
Herbaceous annualsarescattered throughout. Remnant (97,39); SongSparrow,6 (64,26); Cam.Flicker,4 (43, populations of the originalsaltmarshspecies include: Teal,3; Am.Coot,3, Cord Grass(Spartinafoliosa),Pickleweed (Salicornia 17);Mallard,3 (32,13);Cinnamon vtrgmica), Salt Grass (Distichlisspicam), Saltbush Sora,2; Corn.Gallinule,2; MourningDove,2; Tree (Atnplexpatulassp.hastata),andGumweed (Grindelia Swallow,2; Long-billedMarsh Wren, 2; Corn.Yellowthroat,2; W. Meadowlark, 2; Rufous-sided Towhee, 2, strtctassp.blakei).The marshis dividedby twogravel Am. Bittern,1; Red-shouldered Hawk,1; Am. Kestrel, roads,a gravelparkinglot, severalbuildingsand a Pheasant,1; Rock Dove,1; Spotted sewageoxidationpond. Edge: Borderedby a road, 1; Ring-necked Hummingbird,1; NuttaWs railroad embankment, tidal ditches and dikes which Dove, 1; Black-chinned
Woodpecker,1; Ash-throatedFlycatcher,1; Barn Swalseparate the marshfromtheintertidalmudflat.Topog1;Cam.Bushtit,1;HouseWren,1, raphy: Essentiallyflat. elevation:Sea level. Weather: low,1;CliffSwallow,
Mild maritimeclimate.Coverage: May28-29;June1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 21; dawn-1100 or 1600-2000 hours. Total man-
Bewick's Wren, 1; HouseSparrow,1; HouseFinch,1 Total:31 species; 73territorialmales,(784/km2,317/100 acres).Remarks: Tree, Barn, and Cliff Swallowswere
hours20.Census: Long-billed MarshWren,20(190,77); in largenumbers overadjacent water,but few Savannah Sparrow,5.5 (52, 21); SongSparrow,5 (48, observed nest sites were found. -DOUGLAS B. HAY, Cahf 19),Mallard,2 (females); White-crowned Sparrow, 0.5.
Total-. 5 species;33 territorial males or females State Univ., Long Beach, and 2000 Chota Road, La Habra, Calif. 90631.
(314/km 2,127/100 acres). Visitors: Black-crowned Night
Heron, CinnamonTeal, CaliforniaQuail, Killdeer, SpottedSandpiper,W. Meadowlark,Brewer'sBlack152.OPEN FIELD. -- Location:New York, bird, Brown-headed Cowbird,Am. Goldfinch,Lesser Chautauqua Ga.,ErieLakePlain;1 mi. E of Rte 5, Goldfinch. Remarks: One female Mallard was observed
FredaniaAirportProperty;42ø26'34•N, 79ø23'1TW, incubating; another with7 youngwasobserved. Long- BractonQuadrangle, USGS.Continuity: Estabhshed 1975.Size:13ha= 32acres (rectangular, planimetered)
billed Marsh Wrens had the smallestterritories and
tendedto occuraroundpatchesof brush in the con- Description ofPlot:SeeAB:29:1138-1139 (1975). Stagtmuaus vegetation pattern. Birds with territories on
86
hornSumac (Rhus typhina) increasing inplot.Coverage:
American Birds, January, 1977
May 21, 24, 27; June 9, 13, 20-21, 24, 26; 0545-0900 hoursand 2 trips 1930-2130hours.Total man-hours:14.
Coverage:May 20-23; June 7, 10, 16, 19, 23; 0600-0730 hours. Total man-hours:7.5. Census:Field Sparrow,3 Census:Henslow'sSparrow,14 (108, 44); Red-winged (57, 23); Red-wingedBlackbird,1.5; SavannahSparrow, Blackbird, 13 (100, 41); Dickcissel,4 (31, 13); Savannah 1.5; SongSparrow,1.5; E. Kingbird, 1; Brown-headed
Sparrow,4; Bobolink,3 (23,9); Grasshopper Sparrow,3; Cowbird,1; GrasshopperSparrow,1; VesperSparrow, E Meadowlark, 2.5; Killdeer, 0.5; Upland Sandpiper, 0.5. Total: 8 species;11 territorial males (209/km:, 0 $ Total: 9 species;44.5 territorial males (344/kmz, 85/100 acres). Remarks: This censuswas funded by 139/100 acres).Remarks:Nestsor youngobserved for all NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationas part of a larger species exceptDickcissel. Thiscensus wasfundedaspart study.JosephM. McMullenprovidedthe description of of a larger studyby Niagara Mohawk PowerCorpora- the vegetation.-- ROY. S. SLACK, TerrestrialEnvttion
--
ROY
S.
SLACK
and
CATHIE
A.
BAUMGARTNER, Terrestrial Environmental Specialtsts,Inc., 8398 OswegoRoad,LiverpoolN.Y. 13088.
tonmental Specialists,inc., 8398 OswegoRoad, Ltverpool, N. 15.13088.
155. OLD 153. VINEYARD
III. -- Location: New York; Chau-
tauquaCo., Erie Lake Plain, 0.S mi. N of Van BurenRd
FIELD.
--
Location: Pennsylvania,
SchuylkillCo., 1 mi. SW of the villageof Weishample, 40ø41'N,76ø27'W,Tremont Quadrangle,USGS. Con-
on FredoniaAirport property;42ø26'35"N, 79ø23'16"W, tinuity: Established1974; 3 consecutive years.Size: 7 11 Brocton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established ha = 17.58acres(basically square,850ft N-S x 900ft E1975 Size:4.05 ha = 10 acres(irregular,planimetered). W, delineatedby woodenstakesinto 16 plotseachmeasDescription of Plot: The vineyards arecomposed of rows uring 170 ft N-S x 180 ft E-W usingcompassand steel of theConcordvarietyof commercial grapes(Vitissp.)on tape). Descriptionof Plot: See AB 28:1053 (1974) single strung wires stretchedbetweenwoodenpoles, Weather: Cool to moderatelywarm with temperatures placed in rows approximately9 ft apart. Vegetative 52ø-72øF.Most count dayswere clear with someearly growthof the grapesreducesthe distancebetweenthe morninghaze. Coverage:May 24; June3, 10, 18-19, 22, rowsto about S.S ft at shoulderheight, and reachesa heightof approximately6.6 ft. The dominantherbaceous plantsincludeBroad-leavedPlantain(Plantagomajor), Aster spp., Velvet Grass (Holcus lanatus), Chickory (Ctchoriumin•ybus), and Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Edge: Surroundedby shrub areas.Topography: Flat Elevation: 635 ft. Coverage•1975: May 16, 18, 20; June 6, 9, 11, 13, 20; between0600 and 0900 hours. Total
24, 29; 0545-0900 hours. Total man-hours: 8.5. Census:
Field Sparrow,15 (211, 85); Corn.Yellowthroat,5 (70, 28); HouseWren, 4 (56, 23); Indigo Bunting,3 (42, 17), Cardinal, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2; Gray Catbird, 1, Wood Thrush, 1; E. Bluebird,1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Yellow-breasted Chat, 1; Am
Goldfinch,1; SongSparrow,1; Yellow-billedCuckoo,+, Tufted Titmouse, +; N. Oriole, +; ScarletTanager, +
man-hours:8.S.Census•1975:SongSparrow,S (124,SO); Field Sparrow,2; Am. Robin, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 0 S, Indigo Bunting,0.S. Total: S species;9 territorial males(222/km2, 90/100 acres).Coverage•1976:May 2324, 26-27; June 9, L2, 20, 22; 0700-0900and 1 evening
Total: 18 species;39 territorial males or females
2030-2130 hours. Total man-hours: 9. Census, 1976: SongSparrow,8.S (210, 85); Field Sparrow,1.S; Yellow Warbler, 1; Am. Robin, 0.S. Total: 4 species;11.S ter-
Penn Memorial Museum, Box 1026, Harrisburg, Pa
ritorial
males (284/km 2, 11S/100 acres). Remarks:
(548/km:, 222/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Woodcock,
Corn.Flicker, BlueJay,Black-capped Chickadee,Cedar Waxwing, Red-eyed Vireo, Brown-headed Cowbird,
ChippingSparrow.-- ROLAND BERGNER, Willtam 17120.
156. ABANDONED HELD. -- Location: Maryland,
Fundedby NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationas part Prince Georges Co., Accokeek, Piscataway Park, of a larger study.Vincent J. Lucid, Paul G. Kalka, and Potomac River, 3 mi. W intersection of Rte 210 and Harry E. Slack, IIl assistedin the censuses. Joseph BryanPt Rd; 38ø41'N,77ø4'W,Mr. VernonQuadrangle, McMullen providedvegetativeinformation.-- CATHIE USGS. Continuity: Established 1972; S consecutive A BAUMGARTNER and ROY S. SLACK, Terrestrial years.Size:6.07ha = 1S.0acres(irregularparallelogram, EnvtronmentalSpecialists,Inc., 8398 OswegoRoad, delineatedby steelstakesinto one-halfacreplotsusing Ltverpool,N. K 13088. steel tape). Descriptionof Plot: See AB 26:995-996 (1972). Weather: The summer was cool and dry 154. VINEYARD IV. -- Location: New York; Coverage:April 29; May 3, 6, 10, 18, 23, 27; June3, 7, ChautauquaCo., Erie Lake Plain, 0.6 mi. SW of East 19; July 2; 0710-1045 and 1445-1640hours. Total manMiddle Rd RR bridgetrestle;42ø3f4TN, 79ø13'04"W, hours:22.75. Census:Field Sparrow,S (82, 33); Corn SilverCreek Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: Yellowthroat,3 (49, 20); Indigo Bunting,3; Cardinal, 2, S 26 ha = 13 acres(rectangular,paced).Descriptionof Blue Grosbeak,2; SongSparrow,2; Bobwhite,1; CarPlot: Vineyard structure same as Census153. Chickory
olina Wren, 1; Yellow-breastedChat, 1; E. Meadowlark,
(Ctchorumin•ybus),Ragweed(Ambrosiaartemisiifolia), 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Orchard and Bindweed(Convolvulussepium)were the mostcom- Oriole, +. Total: 13 species;23 territorial males or mon herbaceous plants.Wild Carrot (Daucuscarom), females (379/km 2, 153/100 acres).Remarks: Nest found Broad-leaved Plantain (Plantago major), Dandelion Field Sparrow,1. The total numberof birds and most populations remainedconstant.Threespecies -(Taraxacumofficinale),Wood Sorrel(Oxaliseuropaea), species Quack Grass(Agropyronrepens)and Italian Rye Grass E. Meadowlark, Orchard Oriole, and Rufous-sidedTow(Loburnmultifiorum)werealsopresent.Edge:Bordered bee-- werenewthis year.--LEONARD TEUBER and on three sidesby shrubs,other sideby newlyestablished M. KATHLEEN KLIMKIEWICZ (compiler), 13117 vineyard.Topography:Slight slope.Elevation: 700 ft. Latchdale Rd., No. 2, Laurel, Md. 20811. Volume 31, Number 1
87
157.
ABANDONED
TURF
FIELD.
--
Location:
Maryland; MontgomeryCo., McKee-BeshersWildlife ManagementArea; 39ø04'32", 77ø2YlS", Sterling Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established1975. Size: 6 3 ha = 15.6 acres.Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29: 1140-1141(1975).Coverage:May 21, 28; June18, 25, 30; July 9, 16, 23, 27; August 2; 0820-1245. Total manhours 4.2. Census:Field Sparrow,7 (111, 45); Grasshopper Sparrow,4 (63, 26); E. Meadowlark, 1; RedwingedBlackbird, 1; SongSparrow,1. Total: 5 species; 14 territorial males (222/km:, 90/100 acres).Remarks: Nestsfound:Red-wingedBlackbird,2; Field Sparrow,4; Song Sparrow, 1. --PAUL W. WOODWARD, 2433 SouthgateSq., Reston,Va. 22091. 158. GRASSLAND. -- Location: North Carolina; Wilkes Co., border of North Wilkesboro. Continuity: Established1974; 3 consecutiveyears, but censusedfor
11yearsbeforeasa cornfield.Size:40.47ha = 100acres. Description of Plot: SeeAB 28:1005(1974).Changehas
Continuity:New. Size:5.9 ha = 14.6acres(rectangular, measuredwith planimeter).Deserlptionof Plot: Inland freshmeadow,characterized by four vegetational zones The first zone(IS m wide),dominatedby Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia),bordersthe lake and consistsof floating mats of cattails.The secondzone(2S m
wide) is dominatedby Reed Grass(Phragmitescornmums),with large tussocksformedby Blue-jointGrass (Calamagrostis canadensis) and a sedge(Carexsp.) The third and largestzone (100 m wide) is a grass-sedge meadow.The mostabundantplantsareBlue-jointGrass and a Carex sp.. The fourth zone (S0 m wide) is characterizedby severalwillow speciesand an umbel (Angelica atropurpurea). The dominant plants are Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum sp.), a Carex sp, and Joe Pye Weed (Eupatorium maculatum). Edge: Surrounded on two edges by similar habitat; E edge bounded by water; W by an upland deciduousforest Topography: Gently sloping W. Elevation: 730 ft Coverage:June 25-29; July 1; 0500-1000 hours. Total man-hours:8. Census:Swamp Sparrow,15 (254, 103), Com. Yellowthroat, 6 (102, 41); Short-billed Marsh Wren, 3 (51, 21); Red-wingedBlackbird, 1.5; Willow Flycatcher,1; Gray Catbird, 1; Com. Grackle, 1; Longbilled Marsh Wren, +; Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 9 species;28.5 territorial males(482/km2, 195/100 acres) Remarks: Swamp Sparrows and Com. Yellowthroats wereevenlydistributedin all zones.Short-billedMarsh Wrensoccurredonlyin the grass-sedge zone.The Willow Flycatcher and Gray Catbird were restricted to the
beenthe clearingof the four acres,adjoiningabandoned river channel, of Box Elder (Acer negundo) and Com. Elder (Sambucuscanadensis),plowing the tract, and planting SoyBeansas a part of fifty acres.Coverage: Apr1111, 1S, 25, 30; May S, 9, 13, 20; June 10, 15, 18. Total man-hours:25. Census:SongSparrow,S (12, 5); Bobwhite, 3 (7, 3); Cardinal, 3; Mourning Dove, 2; Carolina Wren, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Am. Kestrel, 1; Corn Flicker, 1; Com. Crow, 1; CarolinaChickadee,1; HouseWren, 1; Mockingbird, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Yellow-breastedChat, 1; E. Meadowlark, 1; willow-umbelsectionof the marsh. The Long-bfiled Com Grackle, 1. Total: 17 species;28 territorial males Marsh Wren was observedonly in the cattail zone -(69/km 2, 28/100 acres).-- WENDELL P. SMITH, North RANDALL MADDING (compiler) and WILLIAM Wdkesboro, N. C. 28659.
159. BLUEGRASS
McCLAIN, R.R. 2, WAPORA, Inc. 61920.
- TIMOTHY
- CLOVER
OLD
PASTURE. -- Location: Illinois; McLean Co., Moraine View State Park, 3 mi. S Ellsworth, T23N, R4E, SE¬,
161. ORCHARD
GRASS
-
TALL
FESCUE
MEADOW. -- Location: Illinois; McLean Co., 6 mi S Gridley; T25N, R3E, SE 1/4, NW 1/4, Sec5; 40ø40'N,
Sec34; 40ø24'N,88ø44'W,Arrowsmith1S' Quadrangle, 88ø54'W,NormalQuadrangle,USGS.Continuity:New Size: 12.14ha = 30 acres,(rectangular, determinedby Descriptionof Plot: A rectangle,withoutwoodyvegeta- aerial photo). Description of Plot: Part of an 80-acre tion, in centerof 80 ha old pasture,muchof whichis suc- former pasture,now convertedto a sanctuary.A small ceedingto shrubland.Dominant speciesare Kentucky streamruns acrossoneend.Three-fourthsof the plot is Blue Grass (Poa pratends) 43% (per cent occurrence rolling upland dominatedby Orchard Grass (Dactyhs basedupon 112 pointstaken at randomthroughcenter glomerata)and Timothy Oahleum pratensis),with few of plot), White Clover (Trifolium repens) 19%, Red forbs. The S one-fourth borders the stream and is Clover(T. pratense) 14%, Yellow SweetClover(file#lotus dominatedby Blue Grass(Poapratensis), Redtop(Agrosofficmalis)5%, TimothyOahleum pratensis)4%, Meadow tis alba), Tall Fescue OVestucaelatior), and Smooth FescueOWestuca elatlor)3%, AlsikeClover(T. hybridurn) Brome (Bromus incfinis). Forbs are more abundant here 3%, Whorled Milkweed (Asclepias verticillata) 3%, and are primarily Red Clover (Trifolium pratense), thistles and wild lettuce
