Functional role of an endophytic Bacillus ...

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Plant Soil DOI 10.1007/s11104-015-2638-7

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Functional role of an endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in enhancing growth and disease protection of invasive English ivy (Hedera helix L.) Marcos Antônio Soares & Hai-Yan Li & Marshall Bergen & Joaquim Manoel da Silva & Kurt P. Kowalski & James Francis White Received: 17 April 2015 / Accepted: 7 August 2015 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015

Abstract Background We hypothesize that invasive English ivy (Hedera helix) harbors endophytic microbes that promote plant growth and survival. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined endophytic bacteria in English ivy and evaluated effects on the host plant. Methods Endophytic bacteria were isolated from multiple populations of English ivy in New Brunswick, NJ. Bacteria were identified as a single species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. One strain of B. amyloliquefaciens, strain C6c, was characterized for indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, phosphate solubilization, and antibiosis against

pathogens. PCR was used to amplify lipopeptide genes and their secretion into culture media was detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Capability to promote growth of English ivy was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. The capacity of C6c to protect plants from disease was evaluated by exposing B+ (bacterium inoculated) and B− (non-inoculated) plants to the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria tenuissima. Results B. amyloliquefaciens C6c systemically colonized leaves, petioles, and seeds of English ivy. C6c synthesized IAA and inhibited plant pathogens. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis revealed secretion of antifungal lipopeptides surfactin, iturin,

Responsible Editor: Jesus Mercado-Blanco. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2638-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. A. Soares (*) Department of Botany and Ecology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, n° 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] H.