Dec 1, 1981 - (LF) loss to be expected on long-range airline routes are presented. ... flight summaries; appendix C presents cloud-encounter statistics for each cell in a geographic grid stratified by ...... 711 5/77 HND JFK 376. 411, 260. ...... Varley, D. J.; and Barnes, A. A., Jr.: Cirrus Particle Distribution Study,. P a r t 4 .
NASA Technical Paper 1886 December 1981
Cloud~Encoun ter and Particle-Concentration Variabilities From GASP Data Gregory D. Nastrom, James D. Holdeman, and Richard E. Davis
NASA
NASA Technical Paper 1886
Cloud-Encounter and Particle-Concentration Variabilities From GASP Data Gregory D. Nastrom Control Data Corporation Minneapolis, Minnesota
James D. Holdeman L e w i s Research Center C leueland, 0 hzo
Richard E. Davis Langley Research Center H a m p t o n , Virginia
Nattonal Aeronaut~cs and Space Adrnrnlstrat~on
Scientific and Technical Information Branch
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CONTENTS
.................................... INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLOUD-ENCOUNTERANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUMMARY
PARTICLE-CONCENTRATION
ANALYSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX A .GASP CLOUD AND P A R T I C L E INSTRUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A P P E N D I X B .I N D I V I D U A L F L I G H T SUMMARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EXAMPLES OF A P P L I C A T I O N TO L F C A I R C R A F T S T U D I E S
APPENDIX C
.CLOUD-ENCOUNTER LONGITUDE.
S T A T I S T I C S A S FUNCTIONS O F LATITUDE. SEASON. AND A L T I T U D E
Geographical Grid Map
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX D .CLOUD-ENCOUNTER STATISTICS A S FUNCTIONS OF LATITUDE. LONGITUDE. SEASON. AND DISTANCE FROM THE NMC TROPOPAUSE
..... REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
1
1 2 4
6 10 12
16
18 52
53
151 152
181
214 218
SUMMARY
Summary statistics, tabulations, and variabili-ty studies are presented for cloud-encounter data and particle concentration (number density) data taken as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) aboard commercial airliners. Cloud encounters are shown on about 15 percent of the 52 000 data samples used in this study; however, this value varies with season, latitude, and distance from the tropopause. Further, the probability of encountering clouds varies with synoptic weather systems. In agreement with classical storm models, the data show more clouds in the upper troposphere in anticyclones than in cyclones. The number density of particles with a diameter greater than 3 pm also varies with time and location. The number of these particles encountered depends primarily on the horizontal extent of cloudiness, i.e., the percent of time per sampling interval spent in clouds. Thus, the variability of time in clouds and the variability of particle number density are closely related. Some examples of the utilization of the summary data in the estimation of the frequency of cloud encounter and laminar flow (LF) loss to be expected on long-range airline routes are presented.
INTRODUCTION The extent and density of clouds in the atmosphere are matters of daily concern to nearly everyone, although clouds and their composition are of importance in a professional sense mostly to meteorologists and aviators. To the meteorologist clouds are, of course, the primary physical manifestation of storm systems in the troposphere and are direct harbingers of surface weather events (ref. 1). However, clouds also play an important role in less widely appreciated facets of meteorology. For example, the vertical air currents in clouds transport large amounts of heat and horizontal momentum through the atmosphere, thus influencing the development of large-scale storm systems. Also, the extent and density of cirrus clouds are major factors in the Earth's radiation balance (ref. 2) and may influence the long-period (climate) variations of global temperature (refs. 3 and 4). Early aviators avoided clouds because they did not have instrument navigation aids and could easily get lost or disoriented in clouds. More recently, certain clouds have been avoided because of potentially hazardous turbulence or aircraft icing in them. Another cloud effect, providing the motivation for the studies reported herein, is the temporary loss of the low-drag characteristics of aircraft utilizing laminar-flow-control (LFC) wings when cloud particles sufficiently large and numerous are present (refs. 5 and 6). The loss of lift is due to turbulence generated in the boundary layer by the particles as they strike the wing surface. Cloud ice particles also cause aerodynamic problems for reentry vehicle nose cones penetrating cirrus clouds (ref. 7). Therefore, the U.S. Air Force has been pursuing a research effort on cirrus particle distributions. The instrumentation used for the collection of cirrus particles has been covered in references 8, 9, and 10. The purpose of this report is to present results of cloud-encounter and particleconcentration (particle-number-density) analyses using data collected as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Atmospheric Sampling
Program (GASP), which obtained meteorological and atmospheric constituent data from March 1975 to June 1979 with instruments placed aboard a few commercial airliners in routine commercial service (refs. 11 to 13). The available cloud and particle data are described in the section entitled "Data." Results from the cloud-encounter analysis are then presented, followed by the results of the particle-concentration analyses. The report concludes with a brief example of how these data may be synthesized and applied to problems related to LFC aircraft. Appendix A is a description of GASP cloud and particle instrumentation; appendix B is a tabulation of individual flight summaries; appendix C presents cloud-encounter statistics for each cell in a geographic grid stratified by flight altitude; and appendix D presents cloud-encounter statistics with separation from the National Meteorological Center (NMC) tropopause as the independent variable. A summary of the cloud-encounter and particle-concentration analyses is presented in reference 14. Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this report does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
To assist the reader, altitude measurements are given in U.S. Customary Units rather than in the International System of Units ( S I ) . A waiver of SI Units has been granted for these measurements. AFGL
Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
B747SP
Boeing 7 4 7 , SP version
C
particle concentration, m-"
CIV
clouds in vicinity (sum of all observations with number of observations), percent
CLAY R
number of cloud patches encountered during a 256-second cloud-detector observation
D
diameter of particle,
EMD
equivalent melted diameter of particle, ym
GASP
global atmospheric sampling program
HND
Haneda International Airport, Tokyo, Japan
HNL
Honolulu International Airport, Hawaii
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
ITCZ
intertropical convergence zone
LAX
Los Angeles International Airport, California
LF
laminar flow
urn
TIC > 0
divided by total
LFC
laminar flow control
LHR
London Heathrow Airport, London, United Kingdom
N
number of observations, dimensionless
NMC
National Meteorological Center
P
probability, percent
PD4
total particle concentration for particles larger than 1.4 um in diameter, particles/m 3
PD5
same as PD4, but for particles larger than 3 urn in diameter
RHI
relative humidity with respect to ice saturation
TC
threshold concentration for cloud-particle detector (approximately 66 000 particles/m3)
TIC
time in clouds (total indicated time in clouds during an observation period divided by total observation time), percent
TICIV
time in clouds with clouds in vicinity (as in TIC, but defined only for observations with clouds in vicinity, i-e., TICIV = TIC/CIV), percent
VLXXXX
designator for GASP archive tape number XXXX
AZ
altitude difference from tropopause, ft relative vorticity, sec-I A bar over a symbol ox abbreviation indicates the mean value.
Additional Symbols in Tables and Computer Printouts: SIGMA
standard deviation of percentage of time in clouds, percent
PATCHES
number of cloud patches encountered in a sampling period, dimensionless
T (CLD)
temperature in clouds, 0C
P (TIC>O)
probability of being in clouds, percent
P ( T I c ~ ~ o % ) probability of being in clouds at least 10 percent of time, percent P ( ~ 1 ~ 2 2 5 % ) as above, but 25 percent P ( ~ 1 ~ 2 5 0 % ) as above, but 50 percent Z
(CLD)
altitude in clouds, ft from mean sea level
Z
(CLR)
altitude in clear air, ft from mean sea level
DZ(CLD)
distance from tropopause during flight in clouds, ft from mean sea level
DZ(CLR)
distance from tropopause during flight in clear air, ft from mean sea level
SIGMA (PD5)
NOBS
standard deviation of PD5, m -3
number of observations in a geographic cell for LF studies, dimensionless
DATA The cloud-encounter and particle-concentration (particle-number-density) data used in this study were measured in the global atmospheric sampling program (GASP) from December 1975 to December 1977. These data are from GASP tapes VL0004 to VL0014, which have been archived at the National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina. The contents and formats of these tapes are described in references 15 to 22. The presence of clouds at cruise altitude was determined with a light-scattering particle counter (refs, 23, 24, and 15 to 2 2 ) , hereinafter referred to as the "cloud detector." The GASP cloud and particle instrumentation is described further in appendix A. A cloud-detection threshold level was set based on visual observation of a light haze outside the aircraft. The same threshold level was used for all GASP instruments and resulted in an "in-cloud" registration whenever the local particle number density (for D > 3 ym) was greater than 66 000/rn 3 . The sampling time for the cloud detector was 256 seconds (4 minutes 16 seconds, or approximately 66 km at 500 knots ground speed. At the end of each sampling cycle for'the GASP system, the number of seconds (out of the last 256 seconds) which registered as "in-clouds" was recorded. Also, the number of cloud patches encountered during the sampling period was recorded; a new patch was registered if, having once entered a cloud (C > 66 000/m3), the particle density fell below 8250/m3 or vice versa. (See discussion of CLAYR in refs. 15 to 22.) During the first minute of each sampling period, the numbers of particles in selected size ranges were counted. Although GASP cloud data were first reported in December 1975 (ref. 15), particle count data were not reported until January 1977 because of a rather large uncertainty in the total particle count resulting from nonuniform illumination of the sample chamber, and high noise-to-signal ratio on channels measuring particles smaller than 1.4 pm in diameter (refs. 19 to 22). While three channels were reported for the particle counter, only the largest particle channel PD5 (D > 3 pm) has been used herein because only the largest particles are believed to be significant for laminar flow (LF) degradation. The GASP data are recorded at nominal 5- or 10-minute intervals during flight above 20 kft. In addition to the basic GASP measurements, the tropopause pressure at each GASP data location has been time-and-space interpolated from the National Meteorological Center (NMC) grids, when available, and added to the archived tapes. Auxiliary meteorological data used herein, such as vorticity, have been computed from the NMC isobaric height fields for each GASP data location (ref. 25). Before proceeding, it is necessary to establish some nomenclature which will be used repeatedly in the analyses to follow. First, it is convenient to separate GASP observation periods according to whether the indicated time in clouds during the observation period was equal to, or greater than, zero. The total indicated time in clouds divided by the total observation time gives the fraction of time in clouds (denoted TIC and always expressed as a percentage). Those observation periods with TIC = 0 are appropriately termed "in clear air" because none of the observation
p e r i o d s had a p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n g r e a t e r t h a n t h e aforementioned 66 000/m3 t h r e s h o l d c o n c e n t r a t i o n (TC) . Those o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s which had c l o u d p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s e x c e e d i n g t h e 0 < T I C 5 100) a r e i n t e r p r e t e d TC f o r some p o r t i o n of t h e o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d ( i . e . , t o have c l o u d s i n t h e v i c i n i t y , and a r e denoted CIV. T h i s i s p e r h a p s most e a s i l y understood by v i s u a l i z i n g an a i r p l a n e f l y i n g through a s u c c e s s i o n of c l o u d i n e s s e l e ments; i . e . , f o r a low T I C , f o r example 10 t o 40, t h e elements t o g e t h e r would c o n s t i t u t e a s c a t t e r e d c l o u d l a y e r ; f o r T I C 2 50 o r g r e a t e r t h e y would c o n s t i t u t e a broken c l o u d l a y e r ; and f o r TIC = 90 t o 100, t h e y would c o n s t i t u t e an o v e r c a s t deck o f clouds. I f we c o n s i d e r o n l y t h o s e o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s i n d i c a t i v e o f some c l o u d p r e s e n c e , i . e . , t h o s e w i t h TIC > 0 , and d i v i d e t h e T I C by t h e o b s e r v a t i o n t i m e i n o n l y t h o s e o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s , we a r r i v e a t t h e f r a c t i o n time i n c l o u d s w i t h c l o u d s i n t h e v i c i n i t y (TICIV). A l l t h e s e a r e e x p r e s s e d a s p e r c e n t a g e s i n t h e a n a l y s e s t h a t f o l l o w . From December 1975 t o December 1977, 960 GASP f l i g h t s g a t h e r e d c l o u d - d e t e c t i o n d a t a samples ( n o t n e c e s s a r i l y c l o u d e n c o u n t e r s ) . A summary of t h e s e f l i g h t s , by month and c o n t r i b u t i n g a i r c r a f t , i s g i v e n i n t a b l e I , and a monthly summary o f t h e most common r o u t e s t r a v e l e d (660 f l i g h t s ) i s g i v e n i n t a b l e 11. I n d i v i d u a l f l i g h t summaI t should b e n o t e d t h a t p a r t i c l e r i e s and averaged d a t a a r e l i s t e d i n appendix B. c o u n t d a t a (PD5) were n o t r e p o r t e d u n t i l J a n u a r y 1977 and o n l y 299 f l i g h t s have PD5 d a t a ; t h e r e f o r e , t h e s e d a t a a r e l i m i t e d i n comparison t o t h e number of c l o u d - d e t e c t o r observations. There were 5 2 164 c l o u d - d e t e c t o r o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s , 256 seconds e a c h , f o r a t o t a l o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3700 h o u r s i n a l l . As shown i n f i g u r e 1, t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e most numerous i n Northern Hemisphere m i d l a t i t u d e s b u t a r e f a i r l y e v e n l y d i s t r i b u t e d by s e a s o n . The h a t c h e d a r e a s i n f i g u r e 1 show o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s ( C I V ) , t h a t i s , t h o s e w i t h TIC g r e a t e r t h a n z e r o . The numbers above t h e b a r s i n d i c a t e t h e p e r c e n t a g e of o b s e r v a t i o n s i n e a c h i n t e r v a l which were i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s ( . e l t h e p o r t i o n o f t o t a l a r e a t h a t i s h a t c h e d d i v i d e d by t h e t o t a l f o r e a c h i n t e r v a l ) . Of t h e t o t a l 52 164 c l o u d - d e t e c t o r o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s , 7647 (14.7 p e r c e n t ) were i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s . The d i s t r i b u t i o n of c l o u d - d e t e c t o r o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s as a f u n c t i o n o f p r e s s u r e a l t i t u d e ( e l t h e a l t i t u d e which c o r r e s p o n d s t o a g i v e n v a l u e of atmos p h e r i c p r e s s u r e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e I C A O S t a n d a r d Atmosphere ( a l s o s e e r e f . 2 6 ) ) , and a s a f u n c t i o n o f d i s t a n c e from t h e NMC t r o p o p a u s e i s g i v e n i n f i g u r e 2 , Because NMC t r o p o p a u s e d a t a were o c c a s i o n a l l y n o t a v a i l a b l e , o n l y 48 214 o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e r c p r e s e n t e d i n f i g u r e 2 ( b ) . T h i s p a n e l c l e a r l y i l l u s t r a t e s t h a t v e r y few c l o u d s a r e encountered i n t h e s t r a t o s p h e r e . I n f a c t , t h e f r e q u e n c y of c l o u d s i n t h e s t r a t o s p h e r e may be even l e s s t h a n i n d i c a t e d b e c a u s e , whereas t h e GASP d a t a a r e l o c a l measurements, t h e t r o p o p a u s e p r e s s u r e s a r e i n t e r p o l a t e d from l a r g e - s c a l e g r i d s (2.5O l a t i t u d e by 2.5O l o n g i t u d e x 1 2 h o u r s ) , and s m a l l - s c a l e u n d u l a t i o n s of t h e t r o p o p a u s e may b e missed by t h e NMC g r i d . The g r a p h i c a l r e s u l t s of f i g u r e s 1 and 2 a r e surnmar i z e d n u m e r i c a l l y i n t a b l e 111. Cloud-encounter d a t a a r e used h e r e i n a s r e p o r t e d , w i t h a l l o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s given equal weight. However, because c l o u d i n e s s ( o r t h e l a c k t h e r e o f ) i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h l a r g e - s c a l e weather s y s t e m s , it must be p o i n t e d o u t t h a t n o t a l l o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s a r e i n d e p e n d e n t . For example, t a b l e I V shows t h a t t h e r e i s a n 8 3 . 5 - p e r c e n t random chance t h a t any 256-second o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d ( i - e . , a h o r i z o n t a l d i s t a n c e of 66 km a t 500 k n o t s ) w i l l b e c l o u d - f r e e , b u t t h a t t h i s p r o b a b i l i t y i n c r e a s e s t o 95 p e r c e n t i f t h e p r e v i o u s o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d was c l e a r , and t o 96 p e r c e n t i f t h e p r e v i o u s two o b s e r v a t i o n s were i n c l e a r a i r .
S i m i l a r l y , t h e r e i s o n l y a 1 6 . 5 - p e r c e n t random chance t h a t any o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d w i l l be i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s (TIC > O ) , compared w i t h a 75-percent chance i f t h e p r e v i o u s o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d was i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s , and a 79-percent chance i f t h e p r e v i o u s two o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s were i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s . This s p a t i a l p e r s i s t e n c e can a l s o be v e r i f i e d s u b j e c t i v e l y by r e c a l l i n g t h a t b o t h c l e a r and cloudy a r e a s have a r e a l e x t e n t a s s e e n , f o r example, from a s a t e l l i t e a s w e l l a s from t h e p e r s p e c t i v e of a ground o b s e r v e r . P a r t i c l e - c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( P D ~ ) d a t a p e r i o d s ( f i g . 3 ) have n e a r l y t h e same d i s t r i b u t i o n w i t h l a t i t u d e a s t h e c l o u d - d e t e c t o r d a t a , b u t t h e r e a r e r e l a t i v e l y more observat i o n p e r i o d s i n summer and fewer i n s p r i n g . A l s o , s l i g h t l y fewer of t h e s e d a t a p e r i o d s a r e i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s ( 1 3 . 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e 20 100 t o t a l o b s e r v a t i o n s ) . The l a t t e r d i f f e r e n c e e x i s t s because a l a r g e r f r a c t i o n o f t h e PD5 o b s e r v a t i o n s were t a k e n a t h i g h a l t i t u d e s , which a r e more o f t e n i n t h e s t r a t o s p h e r e ( s e e f i g s . 2 and 4 ) . T h i s d i f f e r e n c e r e f l e c t s t h e i n f l u e n c e on t h e d a t a sample of t h e d a t a s u b s e t t h a t was g a t h e r e d w i t h a p a r t i c u l a r a i r c r a f t (B747SP), which more f r e q u e n t l y o p e r a t e d a t a r e l a t i v e l y high c r u i s e a l t i t u d e .
CLOUD-ENCOUNTER
ANALYSIS
Complete t a b u l a t i o n s of t h e cloud-encounter s t a t i s t i c s a s f u n c t i o n s of l a t i t u d e , l o n g i t u d e , s e a s o n ( e . g . , w i n t e r i s December, J a n u a r y , and F e b r u a r y ) , and p r e s s u r e a l t i t u d e a r e g i v e n i n appendix C , and a r e g i v e n i n appendix D a s f u n c t i o n s of d i s t a n c e from t h e NMC t r o p o p a u s e . A map t o p r o v i d e g e o g r a p h i c a l o r i e n t a t i o n f o r t h e l a t i t u d e l o n g i t u d e c e l l s i s g i v e n a t t h e f r o n t of appendix C , and an e x p l a n a t i o n of d a t a To t h e r i g h t of t h e e n t r i e s i s p r o v i d e d a t t h e b e g i n n i n g of a p p e n d i c e s C and D . i n d i v i d u a l g r i d box e n t r i e s f o r e a c h l a t i t u d e , t h e r e s u l t s f r o m a l l d a t a i n t h e l a t i t u d e band a r e g i v e n under t h e heading " z o n a l mean." F o r convenience, t h e s e z o n a l means o f each v a r i a b l e a r e summarized i n t a b l e s V and VI a s f u n c t i o n s of a l t i t u d e and l a t i t u d e . While t h e t a b u l a t i o n s and summaries h e r e i n were f o r m a t t e d f o r optimum usef u l n e s s t o t h e LFC a i r c r a f t s t u d i e s , i t i s a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t t h e r e s u l t s w i l l be o f i n t e r e s t t o a b r o a d e r segment of t h e s c i e n t i f i c community. T h e r e f o r e , t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e a n a l y s i s of cloud-encounter v a r i a b i l i t y and t h e r e l a t i o n o f t h e s e d a t a t o o t h e r meteovological v a r i a b l e s a r e discussed i n t h e subsequent paragraphs. The p e r c e n t a g e s o f o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s w i t h time i n c l o u d s g r e a t e r t h a n z e r o > 0 ) and t h e mean time i n c l o u d s TIC f a l l o f f r a p i d l y above t h e t r o p o p a u s e , a s shown i n f i g u r e 5 . However, t h e mean T I C I V and t h e mean t i m e i n c l o u d s p e r p a t c h (which a r e o n l y d e f i n e d f o r o b s e r v a t i o n s w i t h TIC > 0) a l s o f a l l o f f above t h e t r o p o p a u s e . The c u r v e s i n f i g u r e 5 were drawn from d a t a a n a l y z e d i n 2 - k f t i n t e r v a l s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e t r o p o p a u s e . Although t h e g r a d i e n t s i n c l o u d i n e s s a r e Large i n some r e g i o n s , a n a l y s e s i n 5 - k f t l a y e r s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e t r o p o p a u s e , as shown by t h e symbols, p r o v i d e a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e mean r e s u l t f o r each l a y e r . (CIV
F i g u r e 6 shows t h e c u m u l a t i v e frequency d i s t r i b u t i o n s ( c f d ) c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e d a t a shown i n f i g u r e 5. These c u r v e s give t h e p e r c e n t a g e of o b s e r v a t i o n s (on t h e o r d i n a t e ) i n which t h e TIC e q u a l e d o r exceeded any g i v e n p e r c e n t a g e T I C (on t h e abscissa). F i g u r e s c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o 5 and 6 , b u t a s f u n c t i o n s of f l i g h t p r e s s u r e - a l t i t u d e i n s t e a d of d i s t a n c e from t h e twopopause, a r e g i v e n as f i g u r e s 7 ( a ) and 7 ( b ) , r e s p e c t i v e l y . The d e c r e a s e i n c l o u d i n e s s w i t h a l t i t u d e i s p r i m a r i l y due t o t h e i n c r e a s e d In figure 7 ( b ) , the l i k e l i h o o d of b e i n g i n t h e s t r a t o s p h e r e i n t h e upper a l t i t u d e s . f o u r p o i n t s where T I C = 0 . 4 , 1 0 , 25, and 50 a r e i d e n t i f i e d by symbols a c c o r d i n g t o
p r e s s u r e - a l t i t u d e band. Since these points define the c f d s u f f i c i e n t l y , a l l subseq u e n t c f d c u r v e s a n d t a b u l a t i o n s h e r e i n a r e b a s e d on t h e s e f o u r p o i n t s , A l t h o u g h a l l a v a i l a b l e d a t a were u s e d i n p r e p a r i n g f i g u r e s 5 t o 7 , it i s n o t i n t e n d e d t o i m p l y t h a t these a r e universal curves. In fact, there are significant variations i n cloudiness w i t h r e s p e c t t o b o t h l a t i t u d e a n d s e a s o n , as d i s c u s s e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n . V a r i a t i o n s w i t h l a t i t u d e and s e a s o n o f t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f t i m e i n c l o u d s ( T I C ) a r e presented i n f i g u r e 8 ( a ) , f o r t h e p r e s s u r e - a l t i t u d e range o f 33.5 t o 38.5 k f t and i n figure 8(b) f o r a l l tropospheric data. Some o f t h e v a r i a b i l i t y i n f i g u r e 8 ( a ) , e s p e c i a l l y a t h i g h l a t i t u d e s , c a n b e e x p l a i n e d by s e a s o n a l v a r i a t i o n s of t h e mean h e i g h t of t h e tropopause. O t h e r f e a t u r e s may b e r e l a t e d t o t h e g l o b a l c i r c u l a t i o n o r semipermanent c i r c u l a t i o n f e a t u r e s ( i . e . , h i g h s a n d l o w s ) . The g e n e r a l s e a s o n a l d i s p l a c e m e n t s o f maxima a n d minima i n c l o u d i n e s s a r e e x p l a i n e d b y t h e s e a s o n a l d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e i n t e r t r o p i c a l c o n v e r g e n c e zone (ITCZ). T h i s r e g i o n o f maximum c l o u d i n e s s r a n g e s b e t w e e n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 18O N i n summer a n d 18O S i n w i n t e r . The Hadley c e l l s e x i s t i n g t o t h e n o r t h a n d s o u t h o f t h e ITCZ shift northward and southward along w i t h t h e zone, r e s u l t i n g , f o r t h e Northern ~ e m i s p h e r e , i n maximum d e s c e n d i n g m o t i o n s (minimum c l o u d i n e s s ) n e a r 35O N i n summer a n d 15O N i n w i n t e r , Thus, i n f i g u r e 8 , d u r i n g w i n t e r t h e d e p r e s s e d v a l u e s o f c l o u d - e n c o u n t e r 0 f r e q u e n c y i n t h e 1 0 t o 20° N i n t e r v a l a n d e n h a n c e d v a l u e s s o u t h o f l o 0 N a r e cons i s t e n t w i t h t h e z o n a l mean Hadley c i r c u l a t i o n , which h a s i t s a x i s n e a r l o 0 N w i t h d e s c e n d i n g m o t i o n s t o t h e n o r t h a n d a s c e n d i n g m o t i o n s t o t h e s o u t h of t h e a x i s ( r e f . 27). Meteorologists w i l l recognize t h a t t h e following a d d i t i o n a l s p e c i f i c f e a t u r e s a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e mean g l o b a l c i r c u l a t i o n :
(I) The p e a k i n mean c l o u d i n e s s g e n e r a l l y seems t o o c c u r n e a r t h e s u b s o l a r l a t i t u d e (Sun o v e r h e a d a t n o o n ) , l a g g i n g it by a few d e g r e e s . I n w i n t e r t h e peak o c c u r s The i n t e r n e a r 15O S f i n s p r i n g a t 5O S, i n summer a t 15O N, and i n autumn a t 5O N . h e m i s p h e r i c symmetry i n c o m p a r a b l e s e a s o n s i s s t r i k i n g ( s e e a l s o f i g . 9 ) b u t n o t unexpected. ( 2 ) A s e c o n d a r y maximum n e a r 45O N i s n o t e d i n a l l t h e c u r v e s i n f i g u r e s 8 ( b ) and 9. T h i s i s b e l i e v e d t o be t h e r e s u l t of t h e i n c r e a s e d frequency of c y c l o n e e n c o u n t e r a l o n g t h e N o r t h e r n Hemisphere p o l a r f r o n t . T h e e f f e c t i s l a r g e s t i n w i n t e r a s would b e e x p e c t e d , b e c a u s e t h e maximum i n t e n s i t y o f t h e m i d l a t i t u d e b a r o c l i n i c storm systems i s achieved then. Indeed, f o r t h e w i n t e r season, t h e secondary and p r i m a r y maxima a r e o f e q u a l m a g n i t u d e . Because o f t h e l a c k of a i r l i n e r o u t e s a t h i g h l a t i t u d e s i n t h e S o u t h e r n Hemisphere, no c o m p a r a b l e r e l a t i v e maximum a p p e a r s i n t h e f i g u r e s ; n e v e r t h e l e s s , o n e r e l a t e d t o t h e S o u t h e r n Hemisphere p o l a r f r o n t m i g h t be e x p e c t e d from symmetry c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , a n d i s h i n t e d a t i n f i g u r e s 8 ( b ) a n d 9 .
( 3 ) The magnitude o f t h e p r i n c i p a l maximum i s f a i r l y i n v a r i a n t f o r w i n t e r , s p r i n g , and summer, a t a b o u t 1 8 t o 2 2 p e r c e n t p r o b a b i l i t y o f c l o u d e n c o u n t e r ; f o r autumn, 1 2 p e r c e n t i s o b t a i n e d .
( 4 ) When t h e minima o f c l o u d e n c o u n t e r a r e s t u d i e d , it i s s e e n t h a t a l a t i t u d i n a l d i s p l a c e m e n t a l s o o c c u r s d u r i n g t h e y e a r , w i t h t h e l a t i t u d e o f t h e minimum p o i n t p r e I n winter, t h i s c e d i n g the p o l e w a r d o r e q u a t o r w a r d movement o f t h e s u b s o l a r p o i n t . f e a t u r e i s f a r t h e s t s o u t h , a t a b o u t 15O N . I n s p r i n g , t h e p o i n t moves t o 25O N ; i n The d a t a f o r t h e summer i t r e a c h e s 35O N , t h e n r e t r e a t s t o 25O N a g a i n i n autumn. S o u t h e r n Hemisphere, a l t h o u g h l i m i t e d i n l a t i t u d i n a l e x t e n t , s u g g e s t a r e l a t i v e m i n i mum n e a r 35O S i n w i n t e r ( S o u t h e r n Hemisphere summer) and a f l a t minimum r e g i o n n e a r 25O S f o r t h e o t h e r s e a s o n s . The minima f o r e a c h h e m i s p h e r e and s e a s o n a l c o m b i n a t i o n o c c u r n e a r a v a l u e of 1 t o 3 p e r c e n t .
From f i g u r e s 1 0 ( a ) t o ( d ) , t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s were r e a c h e d r e g a r d i n g t h e e f f e c t s of a l t i t u d e on a v e r a g e c l o u d i n e s s e n c o u n t e r e d :
(1) I n w i n t e r ( f i g . 1 0 ( a ) ) i n t h e Northern Hemisphere, f l i g h t a t a l t i t u d e s h i g h e r t h a n 5 k f t below t h e t r o p o p a u s e u s u a l l y r e s u l t s i n a lower p r o b a b i l i t y of c l o u d e n c o u n t e r t h a n f o r f l i g h t a l t i t u d e s more t h a n 5 k i t below it. I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e , however, t h a t mean v a l u e s f o r 30° t o 40° N and 4o0 t o 50° N show t h a t , i n terms o f c l o u d a v o i d a n c e , f l i g h t 1 0 t o 1 5 kft below t h e t r o p o p a u s e i s s u p e r i o r t o f l i g h t a t 5 t o 1 0 k f t below i t . From t h i s , i t might b e i n f e r r e d t h a t t h e most l i k e l y r e g i o n f o r c l o u d f o r m a t i o n i s 5 t o 10 k f t below t h e t r o p o p a u s e a t t h e s e l a t i t u d e s . I n t h e t r o p i c a l r e g i o n (20° N t o 20° S ) , t h e l a y e r 1 0 t o 1 5 k f t below t h e t r o p o p a u s e i s a g a i n s u p e r i o r t o t h e l a y e r 5 t o 10 k f t below, b u t t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p of t h e s e t o t h e l a y e r 0 t o 5 k f t below i s unknown, s i n c e few f l i g h t s o p e r a t e d a s h i g h a s 0 t o 5 k f t below the very high t r o p i c a l tropopause. ( 2 ) I n summer, w i t h i t s d e c r e a s e d b a r o c l i n i c b u t enhanced c o n v e c t i v e a c t i v i t y , one would e x p e c t t h e uppermost a l t i t u d e bands t o b e t h e most c l o u d - f r e e . This is seen The ITCZ-associated maximum i s i n f i g u r e 1 0 ( c ) f o r a l l l a t i t u d e s poleward o f l o 0 N . a p p a r e n t n e a r l o 0 t o 20° N. T h i s t r e n d toward d e c r e a s i n g c l o u d i n e s s w i t h a l t i t u d e i s a l s o s e e n i n w i n t e r i n t h e Southern Hemisphere ( f i g . 1 0 ( a ) ) , a s would b e e x p e c t e d from s e a s o n a l symmetry. ( 3 ) I n s p r i n g and autumn, a b e h a v i o r composite of summer and w i n t e r i s o b s e r v e d , I n s p r i n g ( f i g . 1 0 ( b ) ) , t h e s u p e r i o r i t y of t h e 1 0 t o 1 5 k f t l a y e r t o t h e 5- t o 1 0 - k f t l a y e r below t h e t r o p o p a u s e , n o t e d p r e v i o u s l y f o r t h e w i n t e r d a t a , i s a g a i n o b s e r v e d ( f o r 40° t o 60° N and i n t h e t r o p i c s ) , a l t h o u g h t h e 0- t o 5 - k f t band is b e s t o v e r a l l . I n autumn ( f i g . 1 0 ( d ) ) , t h e h i g h e s t a l t i t u d e band i s s l i g h t l y s u p e r i o r o v e r a l l , b u t no comparisons a r e p o s s i b l e i n t h e t r o p i c s b e c a u s e t h e r e a r e i n s u f f i c i e n t d a t a i n bands o t h e r t h a n t h e one 1 0 t o 1 5 k f t below t h e t r o p o p a u s e . The p r e c e d i n g r e s u l t s a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s of P r o j e c t J e t Stream and o t h e r s ( r e f s . 2 8 t o 3 3 ) , which showed a maximum o c c u r r e n c e o f c i r r u s c l o u d s from 3 . 3 t o 6 . 6 k f t below t h e t r o p o p a u s e a t t e m p e r a t e l a t i t u d e s . F o r t r o p i c a l r e g i o n s , i t was r e p o r t e d i n r e f e r e n c e 34 t h a t c i r r u s c l o u d s a r e c o n s i s t e n t l y 5 km o r more below t h e t r o p o p a u s e , b u t t h a t t r o p o p a u s e s i n v e r y h i g h l a t i t u d e s a r e o c c a s i o n a l l y exceeded i n h e i g h t by c i r r u s c l o u d s . V a r i a t i o n s w i t h s e a s o n of t h e v e r t i c a l p r o f i l e of c l o u d - e n c o u n t e r f r e q u e n c y and t h e a v e r a g e time i n c l o u d s ( T I C ) f o r d a t a a t 40° t o 50° N a r e shown i n f i g u r e 11. The p e r c e n t a g e of o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s ( C I V ) d e c r e a s e s w i t h h e i g h t i n w i n t e r and s p r i n g , b u t i n summer t h e r e i s a knee, w i t h l a r g e s t v a l u e s a t 33.5 t o 38.5 k f t . T h i s l a t t e r f e a t u r e may r e s u l t from c i r r u s c l o u d s blown o f f t h e t o p s o f summer thunderstorms n e a r t h e t r o p o p a u s e . The mean TICIV r a n g e i s from 2 5 t o 4 0 p e r c e n t f o r s p r i n g , summer, and autumn. I n t h e s p r i n g TICIV i n c r e a s e s w i t h a l t i t u d e The winter TICIV w h i l e T I C d e c r e a s e s , which s u g g e s t s l e s s haze o r s u b v i s i b l e c i r r u s . v a r i e s from 48 p e r c e n t a t low l e v e l s t o 66 p e r c e n t a t t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l . These l a r g e v a l u e s may r e f l e c t t h e dense c i r r o s t r a t u s s h i e l d s of l a r g e b a r o c l i n i c systems most p e r s i s t e n t d u r i n g w i n t e r , e . g . , t h e I c e l a n d i c and A l e u t i a n s t o r m s y s t e m s . A s noted p r e v i o u s l y i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e p e r s i s t e n c e o f c l o u d i n e s s , c l o u d i n e s s i s r e l a t e d t o l a r g e - s c a l e s t o r m systems ( a g e n e r a l model i s i n r e f . 3 5 ) . An o b j e c t i v e v a r i a b l e f o r s e p a r a t i n g t h e two fundamental dynamic r e g i m e s , c y c l o n e s and a n t i c y c l o n e s , is the relative vorticity. F i g u r e 1 2 shows ' t h e c u m u l a t i v e f r e q u e n c y d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r a l l d a t a s e p a r a t e d o n l y by t h e a l g e b r a i c s i g n o f t h e v o r t i c i t y ( c y c l o n e flow h a s p o s i t i v e v o r t i c i t y ; a n t i c y c l o n e n e g a t i v e ) . The d i f f e r e n c e between t h e s e c u r v e s i s t h e
same o r d e r o f m a g n i t u d e a s t h e d i f f e r e n c e between t h e h i g h e s t t o l o w e s t p r e s s u r e a l t i t u d e bands i n f i g u r e 7 ( b ) , and i s l a r g e r t h a n t h e d i f f e r e n c e between l a y e r s below t h e tropopause ( f i g 6)
.
.
The d i f f e r e n c e i n c l o u d i n e s s between c y c l o n i c and a n t i c y c l o n i c c o n d i t i o n s w i t h r e s p e c t t o d i s t a n c e from t h e t r o p o p a u s e ( f i g . 1 3 ) i s s t r i k i n g , a n d i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e o z o n e d i s t r i b u t i o n s i n c y c l o n e s and a n t i c y c l o n e s r e p o r t e d i n r e f e r e n c e s 1 4 a n d 36 and t h e known n e g a t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n between ozone and w a t e r v a p o r . (See r e f . 36.) F o r t h e LFC a p p l i c a t i o n , t h i s r e s u l t i n d i c a t e s t h a t c o n d i t i o n s s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t from t h e a v e r a g e of a l l d a t a c a n b e e x p e c t e d i f s p e c i f i c f l i g h t r o u t e s a r e l i k e l y t o e n c o u n t e r more c y c l o n i c t h a n a n t i c y c l o n i c c i r c u l a t i o n s y s t e m s , o r v i c e v e r s a . This a l s o s u g g e s t s t h a t f u r t h e r s t u d i e s of probable cloud e f f e c t s on a i r l i n e o p e r a t i o n s u s i n g LFC-winged a i r c r a f t need t o b e a t l e a s t i n p a r t r o u t e - s p e c i f i c , r a t h e r t h a n cell-oriented, a s i n t h e current study. ( S e e s e c t i o n "Examples of A p p l i c a t i o n t o LFC Aircraft Studies. "1 O t h e r t r a c e c o n s t i t u e n t s a n d m e t e o r o l o g i c a l v a r i a b l e s measured by G A S P d u r i n g t h e t i m e o f t h e d a t a a n a l y z e d h e r e i n ( n o t a l l c o n s t i t u e n t s were measured a t a l l t i m e s ) were w a t e r v a p o r , o z o n e , c a r b o n monoxide, a i r t e m p e r a t u r e , and wind. An i n - d e p t h s y n o p t i c and s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f t h e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p between c l o u d s and t h e s e v a r i a b l e s i s beyond t h e s c o p e o f t h i s s t u d y , b u t c o n s i d e r a b l e i n s i g h t i s a v a i l a b l e from t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f mean v a l u e s o f t h e s e p a r a m e t e r s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e t r o p o p a u s e . Thus, i n f i g u r e s 1 4 ( a ) and ( b ) , r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y , t e m p e r a t u r e , c a r b o n monoxi d e , a n d ozone have been shown b o t h i n c l e a r a i r and i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s . In f i g u r e 1 4 ( a ) , t h e r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y ( R H I ) i s v e r y h i g h (>95 p e r c e n t f o r f l i g h t s 1 5 k f t o r more below t h e t r o p o p a u s e ) i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s , a s would b e e x p e c t e d . The mean a i r t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s i s c o n s i s t e n t l y c o o l e r t h a n i n c l e a r a i r , p e r h a p s s u g g e s t i n g t h a t c l o u d s a r e more l i k e l y t o form i n c o o l a i r b e c a u s e less w a t e r v a p o r i s r e q u i r e d for s a t u r a t i o n . However, a s was shown p r e v i o u s l y ( f i g . 13), c l o u d s t e n d t o o c c u r i n a r e a s o f a n t i c y c l o n i c v o r t i c i t y ( i . e . , i n r i d g e s ) where t h e r e i s a p a t t e r n o f upward v e r t i c a l m o t i o n s and where t h e t r o p o p a u s e i s g e n e r a l l y h i g h e r Thus, c i r r u s c l o u d s form more r e a d i l y i n r i d g e s , n o t o n l y and c o l d e x t h a n i n t r o u g h s . b e c a u s e i t i s c o l d e r t h e r e , b u t a l s o b e c a u s e t h e p a t t e r n of v e r t i c a l m o t i o n s a r o u n d c y c l o n e s t e n d s t o p r o d u c e upward m o t i o n s o f s u f f i c i e n t l y m o i s t a i r from below. The mean v a l u e s o f c a r b o n monoxide and ozone w i t h r e s p e c t t o d i s t a n c e from t h e t r o p o p a u s e a r e shown i n f i g u r e 1 4 ( b ) f o r d a t a s e p a r a t e d a c c o r d i n g t o w h e t h e r t h e o b s e r v a t i o n was i n c l e a r a i r o r i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s . The CO c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n c l e a r a i r d e c r e a s e s m o n o t o n i c a l l y w i t h a l t i t u d e . F o r t h e l a y e r 1 0 t o 1 5 k f t below t h e t r o p o p a u s e , CO c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s i s l e s s t h a n i n c l e a r a i r , b u t f o r a l t i t u d e s h i g h e r t h a n 1 0 k f t below t h e t r o p o p a u s e , CO c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e v i c i n i t y of clouds is g r e a t e r than i n c l e a r a i r . I t i s a p p a r e n t from f i g u r e 1 4 ( b ) t h a t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f ozone a r e c o n s i s t e n t l y s m a l l e r i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s t h a n i n c l e a r a i r . The ozone d i f f e r e n c e s c a n b e examined more c l o s e l y i n t a b l e V I I , which p r e s e n t s t h e mean d i f f e r e n c e i n o z o n e l e v e l s between c l e a r and c l o u d y a i r a s a f u n c t i o n o f s e a s o n , l a t i t u d e , and d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e NMC t r o p o p a u s e . I n 86 of t h e 9 3 c a s e s i n t h e t a b l e , t h e d i f f e r e n c e i s p o s i t i v e I f a t t e n t i o n i s l i m i t e d t o c a s e s where t h e l e s s e r number o f ([O3IClear > [03]Cloudy).
o b s e r v a t i o n s i n d i c a t e d by t h e s u b s c r i p t s i s 10 o r more, t h e n 52 o u t o f 55 d i f f e r e n c e s a r e p o s i t i v e . Although t h i s r e s u l t i s i t s e l f s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t a t t h e 9 5 - p e r c e n t c o n f i d e n c e l e v e l , i t must b e p o i n t e d o u t t h a t n o t a l l g r i d p o i n t s h a v e t h e same d i f f e r e n c e o r t h e same number o f o b s e r v a t i o n s . Thus, when t h e i n d i v i d u a l g r i d p o i n t d i f f e r e n c e s a r e t e s t e d f o r s i g n i f i c a n c e and t h e ensemble o f c a s e s i s c o n s i d e r e d ,
the net result is found to be significant at the 99.9-percent level. Such levels of statistical significance are rarely encountered in meteorology, and usually point to a strong physical process. Perhaps the simplest explanation for the strong anticorrelation between cirrus clouds and ozone at commercial-aircraft cruise altitudes is that cirrus clouds are associated with moist upward-moving air coming from the ozone-poor troposphere, and clear areas with dry downward-moving air coming from the ozone-rich stratosphere. This explanation is consistent with the vertical motions at the tropopause level expected in baroclinic storms (ref. 35) and with the previous observation that cloudiness in the upper troposphere is less, and the ozone greater, in a cyclone than in an anticyclone. (See figs. 12 and 13 and refs. 14 and 36.) Even though the preceding explanation is straightforward, at least three other factors may influence the observed level of correlation between cirrus clouds and ozone. They are as follows: (1) sampling - The cloud and ozone data are from in situ GASP observations, but 0
the tropopause data have been interpolated in time and space from the 2 . 5 latitude by 2 . 5 O longitude NMC grid maps which are available only at 12-hour intervals. Thus, some of the high-frequency undulations of the tropopause (e-g.,ref. 37) are probably missed by these maps. This leads to errors in the calculated height of the tropopause. (2) Chemistry - Enhanced chemical and photochemical destruction of ozone may occur in the presence of high relative humidity. As reviewed in reference 38, ozone photochemistry is an area of very active research, and we leave assessment of this possibility to modelers working in the field. (3) Mechanical destruction - Ozone is a relatively unstable gas and is known to dissociate on contact with a hard surface. The ice crystals and particles in a cloud provide a relatively large amount of surface area for ozone destruction.
As shown in figure 14(c)), the particle-number-density distributions of lightscattering particles with diameters greater than 1.4 and 3 urn (denoted PD4 and P D 5 , respectively), both in clear air and in the vicinity of clouds, are shown. The presence of clouds has a marked effect on the number density of particles in both size ranges, and the ratio of the mean PD4 to PD5 number densities (D > 1.4 pm and D > 3 pm, respectively) is considerably larger in clear air than in the vicinity of clouds. Also, for data in the vicinity of clouds, note that a relative maximum of particle concentration exists 4 to 6 kft below the tropopause, consistent with the relative TICIV maximum in figure 3. For data in clear air, a relative maximum is observed just below (0 to 2 kft) the tropopause. The relationship between time in clouds and the number density of particles is examined in greater depth in the next section.
PARTICLE-CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS As stated in the section entitled "Data," GASP cloud-detector data are available beginning in December 1975, but particle-number-density data ( P D 5 ) do not begin until January 1977. Therefore, a first concern with the PD5 data is to establish the degree to which statistics of this subset resemble statistics of the entire cloud-encounter data set. For this purpose, figures 15 and 16 are the counterparts of figures 8(a) and 11, except that only records for which PD5 data are available were used in figures 15 and 16. The main features of variability here, and in figures 3 and 4
compared w i t h f i g u r e s 1 and 2 , a r e n o t changed, and it i s concluded t h a t t h e PD5 d a t a subset i s representative. F i g u r e 1 4 ( c ) shows t h a t p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a r e lower i n c l e a r a i r (TIC = 0 ) t h a n i n cloudy a i r (TIC > 0 ) . F i g u r e 17 shows t h e c u m u l a t i v e f r e q u e n c y d i s t r i b u t i o n s of a l l a v a i l a b l e PD5 d a t a s e p a r a t e d by t h e a s s o c i a t e d TIC v a l u e s . Among o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s ( 0 < TIC 5 l o o ) , t h e p r o b a b i l i t y of e n c o u n t e r i n g any g i v e n p a r t i c l e d e n s i t y i n c r e a s e s a s t h e TIC p e r c e n t a g e i n c r e a s e s . However, t h i s d i f f e r e n c e i s s m a l l compared w i t h t h e d i f f e r e n c e between c l e a r and cloudy a i r shown by t h e TIC = 0 and T I C > 0 c u r v e s . For d a t a i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f c l o u d s , t h e v a r i a t i o n of t h e s e d i s t r i b u t i o n s w i t h p r e s s u r e - a l t i t u d e ( f i g . 1 8 ( a ) , o r d i s t a n c e from t h e t r o p o pause ( f i g . 1 8 ( b ) ) , i s s m a l l e r t h a n t h e v a r i a t i o n w i t h s e a s o n and l a t i t u d e ( f i g . 1 9 ) . S i n c e a l l l a t i t u d e s were i n c l u d e d i n c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e s e a s o n a l c u r v e s ( f i g . 1 9 ( a ) ) and a l l seasons were i n c l u d e d i n c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e l a t i t u d i n a l c u r v e s ( f i g . 1 9 ( b ) ) , c l o s e r examination o f t h e s e f i g u r e s c o u l d l e a d t o ambiguous c o n c l u s i o n s because o f p o s s i b l e sampling b i a s and i s t h e r e f o r e n o t pursued h e r e . As mentioned i n t h e s e c t i o n e n t i t l e d " I n t r o d u c t i o n , " t h e g o a l m o t i v a t i n g t h i s r e s e a r c h i s t h e d e r i v a t i o n of t h e c l i m a t o l o g y ( i - e . , s t a t i s t i c a l b e h a v i o r w i t h l o c a t i o n , season, a l t i t u d e , e t c . ) o f t h e p a r t i c l e number d e n s i t y t o be e n c o u n t e r e d on a i r l i n e r o u t e s worldwide, from which t h e economic f e a s i b i l i t y o f employing l a m i n a r flow-control (LFC) wings may be a s s e s s e d . I n t h i s r e g a r d , t h e PD5 d a t a i n t h e c u r r e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n a r e most v a l u a b l e when t h e y p e r t a i n t o f l i g h t c o n d i t i o n s t h a t a r e e i t h e r t o t a l l y i n c l e a r a i r o r t o t a l l y within clouds. T h i s i s because i t i s c r u c i a l t o know whether t h e p a r t i c l e number d e n s i t y i n c l e a r a i r i s , on t h e a v e r a g e , s u f f i c i e n t l y I f such i s t h e c a s e , t h e n t h e LF h i g h t o make LFC i m p r a c t i c a l a s a low-drag method. I f , however, t h e l o s s i n l o s s within clouds i s almost c e r t a i n t o be p r o h i b i t i v e . Therec l e a r a i r i s not c r i t i c a l , then cloud encounter provides t h e l i m i t i n g f a c t o r . f o r e , i t i s i m p o r t a n t t o e s t i m a t e t h e p o r t i o n of t h e t i m e t h a t c l o u d s w i l l b e encountered, a s was examined i n t h e s e c t i o n e n t i t l e d "Cloud Encounter A n a l y s i s . " Most e s t i m a t e s t o d a t e assume t h a t a l l c l o u d s always c a u s e LF l o s s , b u t one p u r p o s e of t h e r e s e a r c h f o r t h i s r e p o r t was t o t r y t o a s c e r t a i n what s u b s e t , i f any, of c l o u d encounters would n o t c a u s e LF l o s s . I n t h i s s t u d y , t h e PD5 d a t a were examined w i t h t h e aim of d e r i v i n g s t a t i s t i c s on p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s t o b e e n c o u n t e r e d i n c l e a r a i r and c l o u d y a i r . The r e s u l t s a r e summarized i n t a b l e V I I I , which p r e s e n t s a composite of t h e o v e r a l l p a r t i c l e encounter e x p e r i e n c e a s a f u n c t i o n o f TIC. T h i s t a b l e , from which f i g u r e 17 was p l o t t e d , i n c l u d e s a l l c o n d i t i o n s from t o t a l l y c l o u d - f r e e t o t o t a l l y i n - c l o u d s . P a r t i a l l y cloudy c o n d i t i o n s , t h o s e f o r 0 > TIC 2 100, p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s of t h e tirneaveraged p a r t i c l e environment e n c o u n t e r e d . S i n c e l o s s (and r e s u m p t i o n ) o f LF i s an i n s t a n t a n e o u s e f f e c t , t h e s e v a l u e s , which c o n t a i n some time i n and some time o u t o f clouds a r e n o t d i r e c t l y a p p l i c a b l e i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p a r t i c l e number d e n s i t y r e l e v a n t t o l o s s and/or resumption o f LF. T h e r e f o r e , t h e l e f t and r i g h t columns o f t a b l e V I I I r e p r e s e n t t h e r e q u i r e d i n - c l e a r and i n - c l o u d i n f o r m a t i o n . The former i s d e s i g n a t e d
PD~I~~~~~(TIC=O).
S i n c e it i s e v i d e n t t h a t t h e 1 0 0 - p e r c e n t TIC d a t a a r e n o t s u f f i c i e n t l y numerous t o p e r m i t a n a l y s i s , i t i s assumed t h a t t h e D > 3 pm p a r t i c l e number d e n s i t y i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s c a n b e modeled i n terms o f t h e t i m e i n c l o u d s a s f o l l o w s :
were obtained by regression log PD5 clear (CIV) The required P D ~ Cloudy and PD5 clear (CIV) are the antilogarithms of constants log PD5 Cloudy and log P D 5 Clear (CIV),
The constants
I
log PD5 cloudy and analysis using all TIC > 0 data.
I
I
I
I
1
respectively. The results of this analysis are presented in tables IX and X I which , ~ )PD51Clear(c~v), and PD51Cloudy as functions of altitude, give P D 5 1 C l e a r ( ~ ~ c = distance from the tropopause, latitude, and season. From table IX and figure 20, it appears that the variation of these parameters with altitude or distance from the tropopause is small, except that a particle layer in clear air is evident at 0 to 5 kft below the tropopause (see also figs. 14(c) and 18(b)). heref fore, data from all altitudes have been used in table X and figures 21 and 22 to show the variability of these parameters with latitude and season. The PD5 Cloudy is dominant as expected, but it is interesting to note that PD51Clear(CIV) > PD5 Clear (TIC=o) That is, the particle density in clear air with clouds in the vicinity is greater than the particle density in clear air with no clouds around.
1
1
.
Using all the data with TIC > 0, equation (1) accounts for about one-third of the variance of log P D 5 on a global and annual basis. For the subsets in tables IX and X I the percentage of explained variance ranged from about 20 to nearly 50, but standard statistical tests showed that the regression coefficients for each subset were no different (at the 95-percent confidence level) from the values found using all data. Thus, table X shows that
where the 95-percent level has been used for the statistical error estimates. This ~ is approximately 5 l four times ~ larger~ than the~ log-mean~of the ~ estimate of ~ 12 available measurements with TIC = 100 percent in table VIII. It suggests that both values should be reexamined as more data become available. The relation of these results to the laminar flow impact question is considered in the following section.
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION TO LFC AIRCRAFT STUDIES
The motivation for analyzing the GASP data for cloud encounter statistics in the format previously discussed is the requirement for obtaining particle-concentration climatological data to be utilized in feasibility studies for a new airplane design in the long-range-transport category. The aircraft would use a laminar flow control (LFC) wing, offering promise of up to a 30-percent drag reduction over current wing designs (ref. 5). The particular need of cloud-encounter estimates for this class of aircraft stems from the fact that laminar flow (LF) is thought to be lost, albeit temporarily, whenever the aircraft is within clouds or ice-crystal concentrations containing a sufficiently large number density of hydrometeors larger than about 30-pm equivalent melted diameter. (See ref. 39 for definition of EMD.) ~xperiencewith t h e USAF X-21, an early LFC-winged research aircraft, seemed to show that LF was always
lost in visible clouds and sometimes within cirrus hazes. Motivated by the X-21 experience, Hall (ref. 6) derived, from aerodynamic considerations, the range of iceparticle fluxes which should cause significant loss of LF. Figure 23 is adapted from the Hall analysis and is presented as an example of the estimated LF degradation. Particle concentration (m-3) is plotted on the ordinate, against the equivalent melted diameter (EMD) of the ice crystal. From this figure, the following observations may be made: (1) No loss of LF is expected to result from particles smaller than 33-ym EMD, regardless of their concentration, or from total particle concentrations less than 350/m3, regardless of particle size. (2) Total loss of LF is expected if the concentration of particles equal to or larger than 33-pm EMD is greater than or equal to 1.9 x lo5 particles/m3 (or if the concentration of particles larger than 60 pm is greater than or equal to 1.3 x 105/rn3) . Similar conclusions can be reached in this manner for other particle sizes. (3) Between conditions in (I) and ( 2 ) , partial loss of LF is expected (e.g., if the number density of particles equal to or larger than 33-pm EMD is greater than 800/m3 but less than 1.4 x 105/m3, etc. ) . The threshold of LF loss is defined as a 10-percent loss in the Hall analysis.
I(
The application task at hand, then, is to utilize GASP data for deriving or estimating the probability that particle number densities such as those noted in this section may be encountered in day-to-day operations. To estimate the probability and severity of LF loss in the presence of particles, it is necessary to know not only the probability P of cloud encounter, but also the particle number distribution within clouds of various types, in the vicinity of clouds, and in clear air. All the elements of the problem may be recognized in the following equation:
P (LFC loss)
=
I P (LFC loss) lcloudy +
[P (LFC
loss)
1 IP
I
( ~ l i ~ hin t clouds)
1 Clear][P (Flight in clear air)
I
From the GASP data analyzed here, it can be seen that very good estimates of the probability of flight both within and outside of clouds ought to be forthcoming. The probabilities of LF degradation inside and outside of clouds are, however, not directly accessible from the GASP data analyzed herein, since these provide only the total number density of particles larger than 3-pm EMD. However, empirical particledistribution data are available from missions carrying Knollenberg-probe-type instrumentation. The investigations of the U.S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) are particularly valuable sources of these data (refs. 39 to 46). A study of these AFGL spectral data is now under way by NASA to attempt an empirical determination of'the degree of predicted LF loss within each cloud type and/or synoptic situation. The general goal during that investigation has been to determine, under a variety of cloud conditions, the ratio of the number of particles larger than 3-um EMD to the number of particles larger than 33-ym EMD. Results to date suggest that this ratio depends on the type of cloud encountered, and varies from about 10 for the thicker clouds to around 100 or more for very thin cirrus clouds (numerous very small crystals), with a modal value near 30. In practical usage then, the number of particles larger than the 33-pm EMD LFC-critical size could be estimated by dividing the number of particles
where D > 3 pm (GASP PD5 measurement) by a n a p p r o p r i a t e e m p i r i c a l f a c t o r . In the p a r a g r a p h s which f o l l o w , a f a c t o r of 10 i s used t o r e p r e s e n t a w o r s t c a s e i n c l o u d s , and a f a c t o r of 100 i s used t o r e p r e s e n t a w o r s t c a s e i n c l e a r a i r . With t h e s e a s s u m p t i o n s , t h e H a l l c r i t e r i a i n f i g u r e 2 3 and t h e PD5 a n a l y s e s i n t h e s e c t i o n e n t i t l e d " P a r t i c l e C o n c e n t r a t i o n A n a l y s i s " can be r e l a t e d i n o r d e r t o e s t i m a t e t h e d e g r e e of LF l o s s t o be e x p e c t e d , b o t h i n t o t a l l y c l e a r a i r and t o t a l l y w i t h i n c l o u d s . F i r s t , we r e c a l l f r o m f i g u r e 23 t h a t t h e L F C - c r i t i c a l d e n s i t y of parS c a l i n g t h i s up by a f a c t o r of 100, t h e c r i t i c a l t i c l e s > 3 3 pm i n d i a m e t e r i s 800/m3. From figd e n s i t y of p a r t i c l e s 2 3 pm i n d i a m e t e r i n c l e a r a i r would be 8 x 10*/rn3. u r e 17 and t a b l e V I I I we f i n d t h a t t h i s p a r t i c l e d e n s i t y was never e n c o u n t e r e d i n c l e a r a i r . T h e r e f o r e , t h e assumption t h a t no LF l o s s o c c u r s i n c l e a r a i r seems a p p r o p r i a t e , The assumption of no LF l o s s i n c l e a r a i r does n o t t o t a l l y a g r e e w i t h d a t a taken d u r i n g t h e X - 2 1 program, i n which some LF l o s s e v i d e n t l y o c c u r r e d i n v e r y l i g h t haze. However, no p a r t i c l e - c o n c e n t r a t i o n measurements were t a k e n i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e X - 2 1 m i s s i o n s , s o t h e p a r t i c l e d e n s i t i e s i n t h e haze were unknown, and u n f o r t u n a t e l y c a n n o t be used t o r e f i n e t h e assumption of no l o s s i n c l e a r a i r . I t i s reported i n r e f e r e n c e s 47 and 4 8 t h a t l o c a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f l a r g e p a r t i c l e s , r e s u l t i n g from p a r t i c l e f a l l o u t i n t o t h e c l e a r a i r , may be encountered d u r i n g f l i g h t i n o t h e r w i s e c l e a r a i r b e n e a t h c i r r u s cloud d e c k s . The o b s e r v a t i o n s i n r e f e r e n c e 47, and c a l c u l a t i o n s i n r e f e r e n c e 48, show t h a t t h e s e p a r t i c l e s can s u r v i v e f a l l s of s e v e r a l k i l o meters. However, it i s b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of t h e s e p a r t i c l e s w i l l gene r a l l y be t o o s m a l l t o degrade LF, a l t h o u g h t h e p a r t i c l e s a r e l a r g e enough t o cause a problem i f e n c o u n t e r e d i n s u f f i c i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n . F o r a t o t a l l y i n - c l o u d s i t u a t i o n , t h e c u r v e s f o r T I C 1 75 i n f i g u r e 1 7 s u g g e s t t h a t t h e c r i t i c a l d e n s i t y ( D > 33-pm p a r t i c l e s f o r a 10-percent LF l o s s , 800/m3 ( o r 8 x lo3/m3 GASP-equivalent measurement when t h e f a c t o r of 10 i s u s e d ) ) , would b e exceeded 100 p e r c e n t of t h e t i m e . T o t a l l o s s of LFC (GASP-equivalent i f t h e f a c t o r of 1 0 i s a g a i n assumed) would be e x p e c t e d a p p r o x i C = 1 . 9 x 106/m3 Thus, a s i g n i f i c a n t degree of LFC l o s s w i t h i n clouds mately 1 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e time. i s obviously predicted. U l t i m a t e l y , a n a l y s e s such a s t h e s e w i l l a i d i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e economic v i a b i l i t y of LFC a p p l i c a t i o n t o t r a n s p o r t a i r c r a f t . T h i s w i l l be done by i d e n t i f y i n g , g i v e n t h e d e s i g n a l t i t u d e c o n s t r a i n t s on t h e LFC t r a n s p o r t ( c r u i s e a l t i t u d e s between 30 and 45 k f t ) , t h e p e r c e n t a g e of time d u r i n g c r u i s e between v a r i o u s c i t y p a i r s t h a t l o s s o f l a m i n a r f l o w would be e x p e c t e d a s a f u n c t i o n o f a l t i t u d e , s e a s o n , and g e o g r a p h i c a l location. S e l e c t e d p r e l i m i n a r y examples of t h i s t y p e of c a l c u l a t i o n a r e g i v e n i n t h e following paragraphs. Pending f i n a l c o m p l e t i o n of NASA's s t u d y of t h e AFGL p a r t i c l e d i s t r i b u t i o n d a t a , i t w i l l be assumed h e r e t h a t a l l c l o u d e n c o u n t e r s c a u s e temporary, t o t a l l o s s of LF, and t h a t no LF l o s s o c c u r s i n -c l e a r a i r . Thus, t h e p r o b a b i l i t y of (See eq. ( 2 ) . ) LF l o s s i s s e t e q u a l t o t h e x r o b a b i l i t y of f l i g h t i n c l o u d s . With a l l t h e p r e v i o u s assumptions and r e s t r i c t i o n s i n mind, t h e c u r r e n t d a t a a r e u t i l i z e d t o e s t i m a t e q u a l i t a t i v e l y t h e d e g r e e of LF l o s s on a few s e l e c t e d r o u t e s for t h e v a r i o u s s e a s o n s and a l t i t u d e bands c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e o v e r a l l a n a l y s i s . New York t o London (JFK-LHR) , New York t o Los Angeles (JFK-LAX), and Los Angeles t o Honolulu (LAX-HNL) a r e covered i n t a b l e X I , and t h e l o n g e r Los Angeles t o Tokyo (LAX-HND) r o u t e i s covered i n t a b l e X I I . Data a r e g i v e n for b o t h summer and w i n t e r s e a s o n s . This is done t o g i v e examples of t h e u s e of t h e d a t a i n appendix C i n e s t i m a t i n g t h e f r e q u e n c y of LF l o s s .
From t a b l e X I , f o r t h e JFK-LHR r o u t e , i t would appear t h a t a l l a l t i t u d e s for which d a t a e x i s t a r e f a v o r a b l e i n t h e summer. I n t h e w i n t e r , t h e u p p e r a l t i t u d e band i s t h e most f a v o r a b l e , w i t h v i r t u a l l y no chance o f c l o u d e n c o u n t e r en r o u t e . On t h i s r o u t e , t h e w o r s t p e r f o r m a n c e would b e e x p e c t e d i n t h e w i n t e r i n t h e m i d d l e a l t i t u d e b a n d ; i n t h a t c a s e , t h e r e i s , on t h e a v e r a g e , a 3 2 - p e r c e n t p r o b a b i l i t y o f h a v i n g some c l o u d e n c o u n t e r s en r o u t e , and a 2 7 - p e r c e n t p r o b a b i l i t y o f b e i n g i n c l o u d s o n a t l e a s t 50 p e r c e n t o f t h e r o u t e . I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e t h a t t h e l o w e s t band a p p e a r s b e t t e r f o r t h i s c a s e , w i t h only a 20-percent chance o f being i n c l o u d s f o r o v e r h a l f the route indicated. However, c a r e must b e t a k e n when making c o n c l u s i o n s , a s t h e d a t a are limited. The JFK-LAX r o u t e shows t h a t t h e r e b e i n g i n c l o u d s more t h a n 10 p e r c e n t o f Once a g a i n , t h e h i g h e s t a l t i t u d e i s t h e t h e uppermost band i s v i r t u a l l y f r e e of a l t i t u d e band l o w e r s .
i s a 2 5 - p e r c e n t o r s m a l l e r p r o b a b i l i t y of t h e t i m e i n a l l a l t i t u d e b a n d s i n t h e summer. most f a v o r a b l e . I n t h e w i n t e r on t h i s r o u t e , c l o u d e n c o u n t e r s , b u t c o n d i t i o n s worsen a s t h e
The LAX-HNL r o u t e shows t h a t none o f t h e t h r e e a l t i t u d e b a n d s a p p e a r s t o c a u s e a n a p p r e c i a b l e c l o u d - e n c o u n t e r problem f o r summer f l i g h t s . I n t h e w i n t e r , both lower a l t i t u d e bands have a 2 0 - p e r c e n t p r o b a b i l i t y o f some c l o u d e n c o u n t e r s e n r o u t e ; i n t h e lower o f t h e s e , t h e r e i s a 9 . 3 - p e r c e n t chance of b e i n g i n c l o u d s o n o v e r h a l f t h e route. Fox t h e m i d d l e band, t h i s v a l u e r e d u c e s s l i g h t l y , and i f t h e uppermost band i s s e l e c t e d , t h e p r o b a b i l i t y of e n c o u n t e r i n g c l o u d s d e c r e a s e s m a r k e d l y . I n t h e p r e c e d i n g examples, p e r c e n t a g e s were d e r i v e d l a r g e l y o n t h e b a s i s o f o n e l a t i t u d e - l o n g i t u d e c e l l ( c e l l s a r e d e p i c t e d on t h e map a t t h e s t a r t o f a p p e n d i x C ) , which i n c l u d e d t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c i t y p a i r , The LAX-HND r o u t e ( t a b l e x I I ) i l l u s t r a t e s s t a t i s t i c s on a l o n g e r r o u t e where s e v e r a l c e l l s were t r a v e r s e d . Over t h i s r o u t e , t h e r e i s a n a p p r e c i a b l e a d v a n t a g e t o be g a i n e d by o p e r a t i n g a t t h e h i g h e s t a l t i t u d e i n b o t h w i n t e r and summer. A t t h e s e a l t i t u d e s , and i n a l l c e l l s , t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f b e i n g i n c l e a r a i r i s a t l e a s t 8 4 p e r c e n t , whereas a t t h e l o w e r a l t i t u d e s t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f b e i n g i n c l e a r a i r drops t o l e s s than 60 p e r c e n t i n some c e l l s . I f t h e c o m p o s i t e l a r g e r c e l l o f 40° t o 60° N by 120° W t o 150° E ( r o u t e segment 7 o f t a b l e XII) i s c o n s i d e r e d t o be r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e b u l k o f t h i s r o u t e , t h e m o s t favorable c o n d i t i o n s a r e expected a t t h e h i g h e s t a l t i t u d e i n w i n t e r (0.5 p e r c e n t of t h e r o u t e i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s ) . Also, t h e l e a s t favorable c o n d i t i o n s a r e e x p e c t e d a t medium a l t i t u d e s i n t h e summer ( 3 0 p e r c e n t of t h e r o u t e i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s ) . The l a r g e r c e l l c o n s i s t s o f r o u t e segments 3 t o 6 , where t h e a i r c r a f t would b e a t c r u i s e a l t i t u d e . I n b o t h s e a s o n s , t h e h i g h e r a l t i t u d e band i s b e t t e r . T h i s i s e s p e c i a l l y t r u e i n t h e w i n t e r , when t h e a l t i t u d e i n c r e a s e p l a c e s s i g n i f i c a n t l y more of t h e f l i g h t w i t h i n t h e s t r a t o s p h e r e . The p r e c e d i n g sample a n a l y s e s a r e o n l y a f i r s t a t t e m p t a t e s t i m a t i n g t h e LF d e g r a d a t i o n problem. I n a more comprehensive s t u d y , s e v e r a l more r o u t e s w i l l b e studied. Where b l a n k d a t a c e l l s e x i s t , d a t a from t h e a d j a c e n t o r s u r r o u n d i n g c e l l s would b e e x t r a p o l a t e d o r i n t e r p o l a t e d c a r e f u l l y t o p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s f o r t h e s t a t i s t i c s i n the data voids. The r o u t e s t u d i e s d i s c u s s e d h e r e i n were p e r f o r m e d o n a v e r a g e data. P a r t i c u l a r l y on l o n g r a n g e r o u t e s , t h e p e r s i s t e n c e o f h i g h s and lows ( a n t i c y c l o n e s and c y c l o n e s ) n e e d s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d ; t h a t i s , it i s n o t r e a s o n a b l e t o assume t h a t a v e r a g e c o n d i t i o n s e x i s t o v e r t h e e n t i r e t y o f a r o u t e - one c e l l may be d o m i n a t e d by a c y c l o n e , t h e n e x t by a n a n t i c y c l o n e , e t c . Also, a s m e n t i o n e d p r e v i o u s l y , a
b e t t e r e s t i m a t e o f t h e d e g r e e o f LF l o s s i n e a c h t y p e o f c l o u d i s b e i n g p u r s u e d i n a s e p a r a t e e f f o r t . T h i s w i l l b e f a c t o r e d i n t o t h e GASP-based c l o u d - e n c o u n t e r statistics.
CONCLUDING REMARKS The m o t i v a t i o n for t h e s t u d y r e p o r t e d h e r e i n i s the need f o r e s t i m a t e s o f t h e i c e - p a r t i c l e s i z e d i s t r i b u t i o n and number d e n s i t y e x i s t i n g a t a i r l i n e r c r u i s e a l t i t u d e s i n t h e r a n g e of 2 5 000 t o 45 000 f t ( 7 . 6 2 t o 13.72 km) MSL. These e s t i m a t e s a r e needed f o r a p p l i c a t i o n t o d e s i g n o f a i r c r a f t e n ~ p l o y i n gl a m i n a r f l o w c o n t r o l (LFC) a s a d r a g - r e d u c t i o n a i d . A c c o r d i n g l y , summary s t a t i s t i c s , t a b u l a t i o n s , and v a r i a b i l i t y s t u d i e s h a v e been d e r i v e d and p r e s e n t e d f o r c l o u d - e n c o u n t e r d a t a and p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n d a t a t a k e n a s p a r t of t h e N a t i o n a l A e r o n a u t i c s and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n (NASA) G l o b a l Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) a b o a r d commercial a i r l i n e r s . The GASP d a t a a n a l y z e d h e r e i n were from December 1975 t o December 1 9 7 7 . A s u b s e q u e n t r e p o r t i s p l a n n e d which w i l l c o v e r a n a l y s i s o f t h e e n t i r e body o f G A S P d a t a , extendi n g t h r o u g h J u n e 1979. From t h e p o r t i o n o f GASP d a t a a n a l y z e d i n t h e c u r r e n t r e p o r t , a b o u t 52 000 c l o u d d e t e c t o r o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s o f 2 5 6 s e c o n d s d u r a t i o n e a c h ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 66 km h o r i O n t h e a v e r a g e , c l o u d e n c o u n t e r s were z o n t a l e x t e n t a t 500 k n o t s ) were a v a i l a b l e . shown on a b o u t 1 5 p e r c e n t of t h e s e d a t a s a m p l e s . However, t h i s v a l u e v a r i e s w i t h s e a s o n , l a t i t u d e , and d i s t a n c e from t h e t r o p o p a u s e . The p r o b a b i l i t y o f e n c o u n t e r i n g clouds v a r i e s w i t h s y n o p t i c weather systems. I n agreement w i t h c l a s s i c a l s t o r m models, t h e p r e s e n t d a t a show r e l a t i v e l y more c l o u d i n e s s i n t h e uFper t r o p o s p h e r e i n anticyclones than i n cyclones. The number d e n s i t i e s of p a r t i c l e s w i t h d i a m e t e r s l a r g e r t h a n ' l . 4 a n d 3 pm were a l s o sampled o v e r a s m a l l e r d a t a b a s e b e g i n n i n g i n J a n u a r y 1977; a b o u t 20 100 t o t a l o b s e r v a t i o n s made up t h i s s e t . The p a r t i c l e - c o n c e n t r a t i o n d a t a have n e a r l y t h e same l a t i t u d i n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a s t h e c l o u d - d e t e c t o r d a t a , b u t r e l a t i v e l y more o b s e r v a t i o n s i n summer, fewer i n s p r i n g , and more a t h i g h e r a l t i t u d e s . About 1 3 p e r c e n t of t h e p a r t i c l e d a t a were g a t h e r e d i n c l o u d s o r i n t h e v i c i n i t y of c l o u d s . Because of t h e a p p l i c a t i o n t o l a m i n a r f l o w c o n t r o l (LFC) a i r c r a f t , a t t e n t i o n was I t was found t h a t c o n c e n t r a t e d on t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n of p a r t i c l e s l a r g e r t h a n 3 urn. t h e number d e n s i t y of s u c h p a r t i c l e s a l s o v a r i e s w i t h t i m e a n d l o c a t i o n and i s c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o t h e h o r i z o n t a l e x t e n t of c l o u d i n e s s . Some examples of t h e u t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e summary d a t a i n t h e e s t i m a t i o n o f t h e f r e q u e n c y of c l o u d e n c o u n t e r and l a m i n a r f l o w ( L F ) l o s s on l o n g - r a n g e a i r l i n e r o u t e s a r e presented. I t i s concluded t h a t t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f c l o u d e n c o u n t e r d o e s depend on a l t i t u d e and s e a s o n w i t h t h e uppermost a l t i t u d e band ( 3 8 . 5 t o 43.5 k f t ) c l e a r l y showing t h e most promise f o r c l o u d a v o i d a n c e . Some d a t a e x i s t which s u g g e s t t h a t the l o w e s t a l t i t u d e band (28.5 t o 33.5 k f t ) may be s u p e r i o r t o t h e m i d d l e band ( 3 3 . 5 t o 38.5 k f t ) , b u t t h e number of samples i s s m a l l , and a d d i t i o n a l d a t a and a n a l y s i s a r e necessary. D i f f e r e n c e s i n c l o u d i n e s s between a n t i c y c l o n i c and c y c l o n i c c o n d i t i o n s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e d i s t a n c e from t h e t r o p o p a u s e were found t o b e s t r i k i n g . T h i s s u g g e s t s
that further studies of probable cloud effects on airline operations using LFC-winged aircraft need to be route-specific. This will be done by concentrating on the climatology of specific routes, each taken in its entirety. Results of this type of analysis will be compared with cell-oriented simulations, as presented in this study.
Langley Research Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hampton, VA 23665 September 24, 1981
TABLE I.- GASP CLOUD AND PARTICLE DATA THROUGH DECEMBER 1977 BY MONTH AND CONTRIBUTING AIRCRAFT
Year
Month
Aircraft
Tape
File
Data (a)
Reference
1975
December
N4711U
VL0004
1
C
15
1976
January
N4711U N655PA N4711U N6 55PA N4711U
VL0004 VL0004 VL0004 VL0004 VL0004 VL0005 VL0004 VL0005 VL0005 VL0005 VL0005 VL0005
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
C
15 15 15 15 15 16 15 16 16 16 16 16
VL0006 VL0006
3 1
C C
17 17
VL0008 VL0008 VL0007
2 2 3
i
18 18 18
VL0007 VLOOlO VL0008 VLOOll VLOOll VLOOlO VLOOlO VLOOlO VLOOlO VLOOlO VLOOlO VLOOlO VLOOlO VLOOlO VL0009 VL0014 VL0014 VL0014 VL0014 VL0014
3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 5 5 1 to 4 1 3 1 3 3
C
18 20 18 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 22 22 22 22 22
February March
N655PA April May June July August September October November December
1977
January
N4711U N655PA N4711U N655PA None None VH-EBE N655PA None VH-EBE VH-EBE N533PA N533PA VH-EBE
February March April May June July August September October
November December
a~
VH-EBE N533PA N533PA N533PA N533PA N533PA N533PA N533PA N533PA N533PA
N655PA N533PA N6 55PA N655PA
represents cloud detector;
P
v
c p I
C CIP
t C CIP
I
represents particle concentration,
TABLE 11.- SU.WMRY OF FLIGHTS WITH CL3UD-ENCOUNTER DATA BY ROUTE
T o t a l f l i g h t s i n t a b l e , 660 T o t a l a l l f l i g h t s , 960 P e r c e n t a g e of t o t a l f l i g h t s i n t a b l e ,
69
TABLE 111.- SUMMARY OF CLOUD-ENCOUNTER OBSERVATIONS (a) Distance from NMC tropopause Over 15 000 ft below tropopause
15 000 to 10 000 ft below tropopause
10 000 to 5000 ft below tropopause
5000 to 0 ft below tropopause
0 to 5000 ft above tropopause
Over 5000 ft above tropopause
Total
Observations in vicinity of clouds
Winter Spring Summer Autumn Year
567 6 247 124 944
868 542 462 350 2230
704 731 344 328 2107
436 589 252 284 1561
39 88 60 39 226
1 10 4 6 21
2 1 1 1 7
615 966 369 139 089
Observations in clear air
Winter Spring Summer Autumn Year
2550 232 982 839 4603
2581 1235 1806 1532 7154
1785 1986 1051 1648 6470
1489 2565 1400 2225 7679
1615 2656 2535 1998 8804
970 1853 2484 1108 6415
10 10 10 9 41
990 527 258 350 125
5547
9384
8577
9240
9030
6436
48 214
Total
(b) Flight level (FL) I
Below 28.5 kft Observations in vicinity of clouds
Winter Spring Summer Autumn Year
125 97 78 42 342
Observations in clear air
Winter Spring Summer Autumn Year
718 387 277 267 1649
3
1
1991
28.5 to 33.5 kft
I
33.5 to 38.5 kft
I
38.5 to 43.5 kft
I
Above FL 43.5 kft
Total
TABLE 1 V . -
PERSISTENCE OF CLOUD-ENCOUNTER DATA
probability, percent, t h a t present observation w i l l be
Type of o b s e r v a t i o n
TIC > 1 0
TIC > 0
Clear
-
I f p r e v i o u s o b s e r v a t i o n was Random
1
83.5
1
16.5
1
12.2
I f p r e v i o u s o b s e r v a t i o n was Clear TIC > 0 T I C > 10 I f p r e v i o u s two o b s e r v a t i o n s were Clear TIC > 0 T I C > 10
96.0 21.0
14.8
4.0 79.0 85.2
1.9 66.0 74.7
1
TABLE V.-
SUMMARIES OF ZONAL-MEAN CLOUD-ENCOUNTER
STATISTICS
BY SEASON A S FUNCTIONS OF LATITUDE AND ALTfTUDE
WINTFR
LATTfUOEr
ACT, ( K F T )
75.
65.
550
45.
350
250
15.
5.
-50
-150
-25,
-35.
TABLE V.- Continued
WINTER
L A T T TUDE :
75.
650
55.
450
350
25,
15.
5.
-5.
-15.
-25,
-350
TABLE V.- Continued
PATCHES
3805-43.5
33.~-38.5 28.5-3304
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.6
1.2
303
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
1.8
0.0
2.6
3.3
2.9
3.5
2.3
3.2
300
2.9
303
304
9.0
2.7
7.8
3.5
4.2
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.5
4.4
4.0
TABLE V.- C o n t i n u e d
SPRING
ru 5
0
196
1162
1302
1190
483
193
189
217
279
42
ion
33 0 ' ; - 3 R a 5
25
245
93?
1649
1496
782
290
120
103
113
30
4
3
41
215
479
365
707
59
25
10
24
13
?3
3 8 5-43
28.5-3305
TABLE V.- C o n t i n u e d
ALT, ( K F f l
TABLE V.-
SPR I N G
Continued
TABLE V.- Continued
LATTTUDE:
75.
65.
55.
450
350
25.
150
5.
-5.
-15.
-25,
-35.
TABLE V.- C o n t i n u e d
ALT. ( K F T )
TABLE V.-
Continued
PATCHES
38.5-43.5
0.0
1.7
2.1
1.4
1.9
0.0
1.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
33,5-38,5
0.0
1.0
1.2
3.0
1.7
0.0
3.5
2.2
3.9
.7
1.5
3.7
1.5
3.0
3.4
3.5
3.4
28.q-3305
2.4
0.0
0.0
5
5.5
2.9
4.2
TABLE V.-
AUTUMN
ALT. ( K F T )
Continued
TABLE V.- C o n t i n u e d
fJ
(TIC250'K)
3805-43.5
OeO
0.0
m 1
1.4
3.6
3.4
6.3
3.4
2.8
2.3
0.0
0.0
33.q-38.5
0.0
0.0
1.9
4.2
4.4
4
5.9
14.0
10.3
5.8
4.3
0.0
3.0
4.6
3.0
5.8
5.6
8
8.7
4.7
17.5
10.1
28.5-33.5
50.0
TABLE V.- C o n c l u d e d
ALT. ( K F T )
TABLE V 1 . -
SUMMARIES OF ZONAL-MEAN CLOUD-ENCOUNTER STATISTICS BY SEASON
AS FUNCTIONS OF LATITUDE AND DISTANCE FROM THE NMC TROPOPAUSE
LATITUDE:
TROP D I S T ( K F T 1
TTC, 9 0 - 5 ~ f T ARV
0.0
•
0-SKFT R L O
I
0.0
1.8
a 4 19.9
1
0.0
0.0
8e7
6.2
0.0
15.1
6.2
3.2
14.0
23.3
25.3
3.3
11.8
6
17.9
5-10
'1
20.7
27.7
10115
"
36.2
27 a4
7.4
9.6
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
3 . ~ 5,0 10.7
4.7
0.0
0.0
om0
7.0
SIGMA,%
o-SKFT A R V
1.4
3.4
0.0
33.6
31.5
23.3
30.2
0.0
'1
33.4
37.6
29.0
17.7
10.4
77.3
28.1
31e7
12.7
17.8
"
35.1
3n.0
20.6
73.3
12.1
24.4
26.9
30.3
24.7
16.6
0.n
O-SKFT R L O 5-10
10-15
4
(L
O-SYFT
ASV
0 - ~ V F T 131-0
5-1 0
"
10-15
6
168
363
549
534
67
0
0
0
0
2
68
o
21
179
493
858
195
3
a
o
o
21
216
0
0
79
223
661
474
113
60
97
213
72
314
o
o
In
72
290
662
354
695
624
300
222
434
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1P.7
JICIC*~ O-SKFT A R V 0-SKFT
RLO
0.0
17.6
0.0
1
34.8
0.0
53.9
4R.9
43eR
50.5
0.0
5-10
"
54.5
1
50.9
33.6
18.0
55.8
38.9
41.1
24.7
40.0
10-15
"
51.8
4q.7
40.5
43.3
26.2
39.4
40.2
44,8
4
34.1
TABLE V1.- C o n t i n u e d
LAT T TUCE :
75.
65.
55.
45.
35.
25,
15.
50
-5.
-15.
-25,
-15.
TABLE VI .- C o n t i n u e d
75.
LATTTUDE:
65,
55,
45,
350
25,
0.0
1.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
7.3
2.7
2.9
0.0
5.
15.
-5.
-150
-25.
-350
TPOP D I s T ( K F T 1
PaTCHFI;
0-SUFT
A9V
0-5UFT
HLO
Om0
0.0
Om0
0.0
7.8
5-10
1'
2.9
3.9
3.3
3.3
2.7
2.9
1.8
2.1
2.5
3.8
10-15
I'
6.0
9.7
3.0
3.6
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.3
-59.
-640
0
0
0
0.
-63.
-63.
-57.
-56.
T (CLD) 0-5KFT
ASV
00
0 - ~ K F T RLO
-56. Om
0.
0
-53.
5-10
fl
-58,
-570
-51.
-550
-57.
-62.
-60-
-63,
-56.
- 4 ~ .
10-15
"
-36,
-4Qe
-46.
-510
-53.
-46.
-42.
-48.
-48.
-44.
DZ(CL0) 0-SKFT
ARV
0-5rFT
t3LO
5-10
18
10-15
"
0.0
.R
eq
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
1
-3.9
-3.4
-3.4
0.0
-6.9
-ha9
-7.4
-7.8
-8.8
-12.1
-1n.7
-11.5
-12.4
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.2
1.7
-1.7
-2.1
-2.4
-2.6
-3.0
-3.1
-6.7
-7.0
-7.3
-7.9
-8.3
-1l.h
-10.8
-11.9
- 8 6
-12.8
-8.7 -13.2
-8.5 -12.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
-3.3
-9.4
-7.4
-12.6
-12.6
1.0
2.3
D!'(CLY 1
0-SKFT
ARV
0-5KFT
RLO
5-10 10-15
1'
I'
2.6
-12-2 - ] ? e S -12.4
-0.9 -12.8
-9.3 -12.5
-2.9
-3.2
-0.7
-0.2
-7.5
-12.5
-13.0
-12.3
TABLE V1.- Continued
SPP I M G
LATITUDE:
74.
65.
55.
450
35.
25.
Q.4
5.1
0.0
15.
5.
-5.
-15.
2
035.
TROP DIST(KFT)
SIGMA,+
0-SKFT A R V
0.9
I
9.1
0 - 5 ~ f T 6LO
.4
34.7
18.7
20.0
20.5
5.7
0.0
5-10
21.8
4
18.6
13.0
26.1
31.5
30.6
10-15
0.0
21.5
21.5
19.9
25.4
37.3
Om0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.n
R.3
26.4
25.2
16.7
3R.7
h
0-5wFT
AHV
10
2fl5
853
11A1
638
28
0
0
0
0
5
a
0-5KFT
HLO
13
35
441
12?7
1153
219
8
0
U
0
S
35
6
5-1 0
I*
0
0
167
hn3
916
710
54
5R
58
1
14
76
10-15
"
0
0
11
58
154
530
426
323
153
251
31
30
38.9
29.4
21.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.4
36.2
37.2
14.3
0.0
0.0
37.8
47.6
30.2
34.7
46.5
40.3
41.3
0.0
0.0
15.0
3
72.4
37.0
44.5
33.8
34.6
34.0
72.3
rIcm(w. 0-5KFT
AF7V
0.0
o-SKFT
RLO
1
5-10
10-15
I'
e 4
69.2
0.0
2
6
0.0
TABLE V1.- C o n t i n u e d
SPRING
P (TIC>O) AQV
0.0
2.4
3.0
7.8
0 - ~ K F T EL0
7.7
28.6
21.5
0-SKFT
5-10
10-15
"
2.4
0.0
lQ.7
18.6
5.9
0.0
22.8
3Q.S
21.4
15.4
20.4
46.6
51.7
0.0
0.0
41.4
26.0
5
32.9
4
54.2
35.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.1
16.1
35.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
P(TlC21O%)
1.1
0.0
14.4
126
1.8
0.0
O-SYFT
ASV
0.0
0.0
1.9
3.2
0-5KfT
RLO
0.0
25.7
12.7
5-10
"
17.4
2q.4
13.R
9.2
13.0
29.3
41.4
0.0
0.0
15.4
10-15
"
0.0
74.1
15.6
14.0
23.5
26.0
39.2
24.3
9.7
30.0
.R
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
9.9
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.4
9.5
6.5
11.1
75.9
31.0
0.0
0.0
7.8
11.0
10.9
6
22.0
28.8
16.3
P (f?Cr?5%)
0-SKFT
ARV
0.0
0.0
0-SKFT
BLO
0.0
25.7
5-10
11
10-15
"
1.5
6
10.0 1
6 0.0
1702
4
9.7
30.0
TABLE V 1 . -
Continued
SPR I hlG
TROP D I S T ( K F T )
F4TCHFS
0-SKFT
ARV
0.0
l e o
1.0
3.8
1.9
0.0
0-5KFT
I3LO
3.0
3.4
2.9
3.5
2.1
303
0.0
0.0
Om0
0.0
0.0
5-10
"
3.3
7.4
2.7
2.2
.8
2.2
2.4
0.0
0.0
4-2
10-15
"
0.0
700
2.1
2.6
2.7
2.0
2.2
2.5
3.7
3.9
0
0
0
0.
T (CLOI
0-5KFT
ARV
0 - S K F T BLO 5-10
8'
10-15
1'
0. -59.
-56.
-b2.
-5Q.
-60.
0.
-57.
-60.
-
6
-61.
-58.
-50,
-
5
-530
-56.
-61.
-
-4q.
-45.
7
-52.
-52,
0.
0• 8
-61.
-53.
0• -57,
00
-47.
-61. -57.
DZ ( C L D ) 0 - ~ K F T AYV
0.0
2
0 - S K ~ T RLO
-.7
-3.0
5-10
'1
10-15
'I
1.0
1.7
-2.A
-6.7 0.0
1.2
0.0
-3.9
-2.9
-3.7
0.0
-7a3
-7.1
-8.0
-8.8
-9.7
-8.9
-11.4
-12.2
-12.7
-11.7
-11.7
-17.4
0.0
-13.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-7.3
-13-0
-1?.8
TABLE V I . -
L A T T TUDE :
75,
Continued
65,
55,
65.
350
250
00
03
1.1
0.0
4.0
~ . 4
1.2
0.0
15.
5.
-5.
-15.
2
-35.
TROP D I S T ( K F T )
TT ,S Y 0 - ~ K F TA 9 V
0-SKFT
.O
RLO
2.3
5-10
"
7.9
Q.2
4.0
0.0
1.8
40.3
10-15
"
10.2
11.3
5.4
5.4
24.4
14.8
3.4
7.9
0.0
13,7
17.9
6.1
0.0
18.4
3n.I
14.1
0.0
4.4
38.4
25.0
23.2
17.8
18.7
32.2
27.5
23.5
10.9
0.0
00
0.0
9
0.0
l
1.8
.&
.
H
8
13.2
SIGYA*%
0-SKFT
ARV
0-5KfT
BLO
5-10
01
03
10.4
'I
10-15
0 • il
00
0.0
7.7
0.0
4.5
7.9
9.5
3.7
26.9
i\;
APV
12
775
1291
567
38
0
0
0
0
0
2
112
0-SKFT RLO
O
116
335
R?9
96
2
0
0
0
0
3
152
6
221
30
20
15
0
1
69
143
318
486
180
173
164
358
335
307
47
0-SKFT
5-10
'1
0
0
92
10-15
'1
0
0
7
'TTCIC,s 0-SKFT
ARV
0-5KFT
RLO
5-1
o
10-15
2.0
15.0
27.2
0.0
15.6
22.6
35.2
1406
0.0
lr
25.9
31.0
26.7
0.0
20.4
55.0
"
71,4
31.1
40.2
66.5
44.4
38.5
04
0
41.3
•
0
•4
0.0
1R.O
0,O
14.6
12.1
31e8
11.6
67.1
TABLE V 1 . -
Continued
LAT TTUDE :
P(Tlc>o) 0-5KFT
AYV
0-5wFT
HLO
5-10 10-15
.4
2.2
a.8
0.0
14.7
17.9
1R.1
8.7
0.0
1,
30.4
2k.5
14.9
0.0
5.0
73.3
11
14.3
36.2
13.4
11.7
54.9
78.4
0.0
1.0
7.6
0.0
5.2
8.4
17.8
3.1
0.0
R.3
26.3
0.0
.9
0.0
6.3
0.0
5.a
5.3
5.7
3.9
21.3
P (TTC?lOa)
O-~KFTARV
0.0
0 - ~ K F TE L 0 5-10
11
17.4
17.1
9.0
0.0
5.0
53.3
10-15
"
14.3
27.3
10.1
9.4
43.9
36.2
1.4
0.0
6.0
9.8
2.1
0.0
12.0
1P.7
5.9
0.0
0.0
14.3
17.0
7.6
7.8
35.8
22.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
2.4
7.5
4.8
1.3
21.3
0.n
0.0
P( T T C L ~ S ~ )
0-5KFT
AYV
0.0
0 - ~ K F T RLO 5-10 10-15
-3
0.0 3.4
" "
63.3
1
16.5
0.0
07
0.0
1.4
.7
2.7
1.0
21.3
P(T1CrSOu;) 0-SKFT A R V 0 - ~ K F T HLO 5-10 10-15
"
0.0
0.0 1.7
01
.7
0.0
2.4
5.0
0.0
n.0
5.4
7.6
2.7
0.0
0.0
40.0
14.7
10.4
5.3
5.0
24.3
13.4
9.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
14.9
TABLE VI.- Continued
TROP D I S T ( K F T )
P4TCHFS
e3
1.4
1.5
Om0
1.6
l,h
1.8
.R
11
2.1
3.1
1.4
010
O,O
0.0
I'
10-0
9.0
2.2
3.1
3.2
2,5
1.9
1.1
1.5
0.0
-145
-2e2
-3.6
-3.0
0.0
-7.1
-7.4
-8.1
0.0
-12.5
-14.1
0-SWFT A R V
0-5KFT
5-10 10-15
Om0
RtO
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
3.0
3,1
1,O
l a Q
4,5
Oe0
6.6
0.0
2.2
DZ ( C L D ) 0-SKFT
ARV
0-5KFT B L O 5-10 10-15
11
"
4.6
-10.7
-1t.8
0.0 -7.8
-9.7
-13,6 -13.1
-12.7
-7.8
0.0
-8.0
-7-0
-13.8
-12.7
-13.2
TABLE V1.- Continued
LAT T TUOE:
TROP DISTtKFT)
TIC.u 0-SKFT A 9 V
0.0
•R
0 - ~ K F TP L O
.1
07
0.0
01
0.0
00
0.0
05
3.7
3.A
7.6
76.1
5.R
6.7
2.3
4.0
0.0
2.3
33.3
0.0
0.0
1.4
3.2
5.5
7.0
3.7
10.1
12.4
8.7
3.6
4.5
19.9
4.8
3.0
C.5
0.0
0.0
RLO
13.7
13.8
14.9
4.R
5-10
"
31.6
19.5
1R.2
11.7
18.2
0.0
10.0
47.1
10-15
"
10.9
1
19.9
14.1
24.3
?4.7
5-10
"
10-15
04
0.0
~IGMAIY O - ~ K F TA Q V 0-5KFT
0.0
9
0.0
02
01
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
14.3
21.4
12.9
18.6
34.6
N
0-5KFT
ARV
2
302
847
807
60
2
0
0
0
0
4
7
0-SKFT
RLO
n
57
1035
in19
189
3
o
o
o
o
14
u3
'1
0
7
315
947
422
22
1
20
3
6
32
h8
0
0
64
443
501
142
148
174
233
146
104
24
73.7
30.6
27.0
0.0
0.0
?6.5
29.1
29.8
33.3
04
R8.R
48.1
31.2
30.6
~7.5
22.9
33.R
34.5
74.8
5-10 10-15
TIClC.% 0-5rFT
ARV
0-SKFT R L O 5-10 10-15
"
0.0
0.0
0.0 45.1
&5.9100.0 38.5
38.4
05
0.0
16.2
0.0
0.0
45.6
26.3
59.1
6a.2
TABLE V1.- Continued
TROP D l S T ( K F T )
P(TTC225%) O-~KFTA9V
Om0
0 - ~ K F TRLO
5-1 0 10-15
'*
1.7
.2
1.1
5.7
5.7
4.8
85.7
7.3
"
4.7
P (TTC;r40%)
0-SKFT
ARV
0-5KFT
RLQ
5-1 0
"
10-1 5
"
0.0
7 R e 4
0.0
0.0
0.0
.5
0.0
0.n
1.2
3.6
4.5
0.0
5.0
33.3
0.0
0.0
4.4
9.6
5.6
13.5
19.5
14.6
5.5
5.8
25.0
0.0
0.0
.
a 5
Om0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
2.9
3.2
e5
0.0
0.0
0.0
85.7
5.7
5.6
2.4
4.5
0.0
0.0
33.3
0.0
0.0
4.4
6
4.5
6.6
3.5
9.5
11.5
8.2
2.7
4.8
25.0
3
TABLE V 1 . -
Concluded
AUTUYN
LATTTUDE:
TROP
75.
150
5.
-50
-15.
-25.
-75.
0.0
0.0
3.1
0.0
-7.8
65,
5q.
h50
350
25.
1.3
.R
1.2
0.0
DTST (KFT)
D7 (CLD) 0-SKFT
Ar3V
0.0
0 - 5 ~ F f HLO 5-10
'1
10-15
fl
02.1
-2.2
*?.O
-4.4
-409
-6.3
-7.8
- R O O
- S O ?
-909
-11.9
-11.9
2.8
2.4
2.1
-12.4
-12.3
0.0
-8.8
-9.3
0.0
0.0
-7.8
-13.3
-12.6
-12.5
-13.9
-14.1
-13.3
1.6
2.9
-2.6
-2.3 -7.5
W(CILR) 4.2
102
0-SKFT
ASV
0-5KFT
RLO
-1.3
-2.3
-2.5
-3.0
-1.5
"
-5.8
-6.Q
-7.6
-7.9
-Re7
-10.0
-9.4
-9.5
-9.8
-8.1
-11.6
-12.1
-12.6
-12.9
-13.2
-13.0
-11.8
-12.9
-13.1
5-10 10115
•
6
-12el
TABLE VII .- AVERAGE OZONE IN CLEAR AIR (TIC
= 0)
MINUS AVERAGE OZONE
IN VICINITY OF CLOUDS (TIC > O), p p b v , BY LATITUDE, SEASON, AND DISTANCE FROM NMC TROPOPAUSE
[S u b s c r i p t
i s s m a l l e r of
and
60° N
Winter 1
N(TIC_O)
I
40
20
0
I
I
1
N(TIC>Od
T
0 t o 5 k f t above
726
0 t o 5 k f t below
8959
5099
50112 7 0 1 8
5 t o 10 k f t b e l o w
627
l560
1577
1 0 t o 1 5 k f t below
-61
20
I
I
I
1
40° S I
15818
2447
1511 1416 - l 7 7
961 246 636
'6
828
456
487
407
664
557
749
2220
'9
Spring
-
0 t o 5 k f t above
3g5
2 -
0 t o 5 k f t below
9810
1675
1 2 5 2 2 1206
c,
5 t o 1 0 k f t below
8 3 4 4 113123 5412411612 324
5118 ''98
2268
*O7
'13
129
1311
26
52
494
3
2a
1 0 t o 1 5 k f t below
c,
Summer
E
E
0 t o 5 k f t above
-3g2
0 t o 5 k f t below
519
20g15
12416
%!
r:
8737
6973
664
1910
3093
2519
3260
1226
(d
$
5 t o 1 0 k f t below
-A
a 1 0 t o 1 5 k f t below Autumn 0 t o 5 k f t above
1557
0 t o 5 k f t below
912
5 t o 10 k f t below 10 t o 1 5 k f t below
1431
9Sl3
2681
4263
l710
2582
162
738
2516 1327
76
133
TABLE VI1I.- CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR MEAN PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS FOR VARIOUS TIMES IN CLOUDS FOR GLOBAL ANNUAL DATA SET
Mean particle concentrations for TIC in vicinity of clouds, percent, of -
TABLE 1X.- VALUES OF LOG-MEAN OF PARTICLE CONCENTRATION PD5, BY ALTITUDE, FOR IN-CLEAR-AIR, IN-VICINITY-OF-CLOUDS, AND IN-CLOUD CONDITIONS
(a) By pressure-altitude Pressurealtitude, kft
( C I ~ ) log PD5 1~learair (CIV) log PD5 ( 1n-cloud
log PD5 clear air (TIC=O)
1 978 6 168 9 061
0.720 ? 0.064 -856 + .039 -464 + -024
485 1270 764
17 207
b~.634f 0.021
a2519
28.5 to 33.5 33.5 to 38.5 38.5 to 43.5 28.5 to 43.5
I
(TIC=O)
a
2.943 k 0.171 3.090 k -100 2.858 2 .149 b2.988
L
+
0.074
6.278 5.988 5.938
+ + +
0.252 -145 -213
b6.032
+
0.109
(b) By distance from tropopause Distance from tropopause , kft 10 5 0 0
to to to to
15 below 10 below 5 below 5 above
15 below to 5 above
(TIC=O)
2 1 2 4
020 659 457 985
all 123
log
]clear air (TIC=O) N (CIV) log PD5 1~learair (CIV) log PD5 11,-cloud
0.607 2 0.061 -996 + .079 1.263 + -067 .621 f .037 b0.816
+
0.028
653 659 626 109 a2047
2.671 2 0.160 3.050 + .I43 3.313 f -121 3.459 + .306 b3.044
+
0.080
6.073 f 0.234 5.914 2 .207 5.953 2 -177 5.718 + .737 b5.959
+
0.119
T A B L E X.-
VALUES OF LOG-MEAN
OF PARTICLE CONCENTRATION P D 5 , BY L A T I T U D E AND
SEASON, FOR IN-CLEAR-AIR, IN-VICINITY-OF-CLOUD, AND IN-CLOUD CONDITIONS
L a t i t u d e band
I
1
N (TIC=O)
logPD5 I ~ l e aa ~ i r (TIC=O)
I
logPD5 1~leara i r (CIV) logPD5 I n - c l o u d N(C~~)
Winter
I
Spring
I
3 0 O t o 60° N 60° li
Global
I 30° S 30° t o o0 S o0 t o 30° N 3o0 t o 60° N 60° N Global
I
Summer 30° S t o o0 S o0 t o 30° N 30° t o 60° N 30'
60°
N
Global
I
Autumn
I
Annua 1
I
3CI0 S 30° t o o0 S o0 t o 30° N 30O t o 60° N 60° N Global
I 30° S 30°to oOS CI0 t o 30° N 30° t o 60° N 60° N Global
TABLE X I . -
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES OF CLOUD-ENCOUNTER STATISTICS ALOLJG THREE ROUTES
P (TIC
2 2 5 % ),
%
P (TIC 2 5 0 % ), %
Summer
Winter
A l t i t u d e band, k f t Route
. 28.5 t o 33.5
JFK-LHR
JKF-LAX
LAX-HNL
No data
4 25.0 0 7 0 0
17 0 0
25.0 0
0 0
L
a
33.5 t o 38.5
S e e f i g u r e C1.
14 50.0 7.1 29 0 0
38.5 to 43.5
~ a tt uid e / l o n q itude c e l l on route (a)
A l t i t u d e band, k f t 28.5 t o 33.5
33.5 t o 38.5
38.5 t o 43.5
0 0
262 0.8 0.8
0.8 0.8
50° t o 30° t o
60° N 75O W
50 20.0 6.0
16.0 2.0
89 31.5 25.8
27.0 22.5
12 0 0
21.4 0
17 5.9 0
5.9 0
30° t o 40° N 75O t o 120° W
72 34.7 25.0
29.2 18.1
277 23.1 17.0
19.1 12.3
262 0.8 0.4
0.4 0.4
41 0 0
0 0
20° t o 30° N 120° t o 165O W
259 20.8 12.7
17.0 9.3
869 20.4 10.9
15.5 6.8
320 3.8 1.6
2.8 0.9
0 0
0 0
TABLE XI1.- PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES OF CLOUD-ENCOUNTER STATISTICS
ALONG LOS ANGELES-TOKYO ROUTE
P(T1C > 0 % ) ,
CODE :
P (TIC
%
P ( T I C 2 2 5 % ), %
R o u t e segment ( a p p r o x i m a t e ) and [latitude/longitude c e l l ] ( s e e appendix C) (a)
2 1 0 % ),
%
P (TIC 2 5 0 % ), %
Summer
Winter
A1 ti t u d e band, kft
A l t i t u d e b a n d , kft
28.5 t o 33.5
33.5 t o 38.5
38.5 t o 43.5
28.5 t o 3 3 . 5
35O N/120° W [30° t o 40° N / ~ s O t o 120° W ]
4 25.0 0
14 25.0 7.1
17 5.9 0
72 34.7 25.0
29.2 18.1
35O ~ / 1 2 0 O W t o 40° ~ / 1 2 5 O W [ 30° t o 40° N/120° t o 16S0 PI]
30 23.2 6.7
267 22.8 12.0
40° ~ / 1 2 5 O W t o 50° ~ / 1 4 5 O W [40° t o 50° ~ / 1 2 0 O t o 165O W]
7 14.3 0
16 37.5 12.5
LAX
-
25.0 0
130 9.2 4.2
21.4 0
5.9 0
1.7
173 6.4 1.2
0
206 33.5 15.5
22.8 5.8
31 7 14.2 4.4
8.2 1.3
113 18.6 5.3
8.8 0.8
1 43 0 0
0 0
0.9
4.5 0
366 2.5 0.5
1.1 0
50° ~ / 1 6 5 O E t o 40° N/150° E [40° t o 50° ~ / 1 6 5 O W t o l 5 o 0 E ]
352 38.6 18.8
26.7 12.2
384 9.6 3.9
6.0 1.8
C o m p o s i t e 3-6 35O N/120° W t o 40° ~ / 1 5 0 O E [40° t o 60° N/120° W t o 150O E ]
~ n s u f f i c i e n t 782 30.3 data 13.4
19.9 7.2
1210 7.5 2.6
4.4 0.9
29.9 15.4
103 15.5 3.9
8.7 2.9
16.7 6.7
0 0
No d a t a 50° ~ / 1 4 5 O W to 55O ~ / 1 6 5 O W [50° t o 60° PJ/120° t o 165O W ] No d a t a 55O ~ / 1 6 5 O W t o 50' N/165O E [50° t o 60° ~ / 1 6 5 O W t o 150° E] No d a t a
28 N/150° E - HND [30° t o 40O ~ / 1 5 0 ' t o 105O E ]
40'
a ~ e efigure C1.
28.6 25.0
25.0 17.9
111 9.9
117 40.2 23.1
5.0
3.5
33.5 t o 38.5 277 23.1 17.0
19.1 12.3
262 0.8 0.4
0.4 0.4
17.6 8.2
682 21.3 13.8
16.6 10.3
351 4.6 1.7
0.9
25.0 6.3
63 25.4 17.6
20.6 4.8
29 3.4 0
0 0
0 No data
No d a t a
0 0
0 0
39 0 0
0 0
33 0 0
Insufficient data
13 0
0 0
178 9.0 6.2 20 0
0
2.0
0 0
42
43
14 0
0
38.5 to 43.5
0 0
7.3 1.7
0
0
0
0
85 0 0
0
40 0
0
0
0 0
196 0.5 0
0 0
18 0 0
0 0
0 0
APPENDIX A
GASP CLOUD AND PARTICLE INSTRUMENTATION GASP c l o u d a n d p a r t i c l e d a t a were o b t a i n e d w i t h a p a r t i c l e c o u n t e r (Royco I n s t r u ments, I n c . , model number 2 4 5 ) , which u s e d a f o r w a r d l i g h t - s c a t t e r i n g t e c h n i q u e t o measure t h e number o f a i r b o r n e p a r t i c l e s l a r g e r t h a n 0.3 prn i n d i a m e t e r . The o p e r a t i o n was s i m i l a r t o t h a t of t h e u n i t d e s c r i b e d i n r e f e r e n c e 2 3 . A s t h e a i r sample c o n t a i n i n g p a r t i c l e s p a s s e d t h r o u g h t h e s e n s o r , i t was i l l u m i n a t e d by a l i g h t beam, and l i g h t s c a t t e r e d by t h e p a r t i c l e s i n a f o r w a r d d i r e c t i o n w a s d e t e c t e d by a photom u l t i p l i e r tube. Under normal o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s , e a c h p a r t i c l e c a u s e d a p u l s e i n t h e p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r o u t p u t . The p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n was d e t e r m i n e d by c o u n t i n g t h e number of o u t p u t p u l s e s d u r i n g t h e c o u n t i n g p e r i o d and t h e n d i v i d i n g t h a t number by t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g sample volume f l o w d u r i n g t h e same p e r i o d , c o r r e c t e d t o a l t i t u d e ambient c o n d i t i o n s . P a r t i c l e - c o u n t e r v o l u m e t v i c flow r a t e was a p p r o x i m a t e l y 30 l i t e r s p e r m i n u t e and t h e c o u n t i n g p e r i o d was n o r m a l l y 1 m i n u t e .
The p a r t i c l e c o u n t accumulated d u r i n g t h e sampling p e r i o d was s e p a r a t e d ( w i t h i n t h e i n s t r u m e n t ) i n t o f i v e p a r t i c l e - d i a m e t e r r a n g e s - 0 . 3 t o 0 . 4 5 u m , 0 . 4 5 t o 0 . 6 5 pm, 0 . 6 5 t o 1 . 4 urn, 1 . 4 t o 3.0 pm, and >3.0 pm - b a s e d on t h e a m p l i t u d e o f t h e p u l s e . Each i n s t r u m e n t was c a l i b r a t e d by t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r f o r p a r t i c l e - s i z e d e t e c t i o n . An a e r o s o l g e n e r a t o r and l a t e x p a r t i c l e s were used a t NASA Lewis R e s e a r c h C e n t e r t o check each i n s t r u m e n t .
The GASP p a r t i c l e c o u n t e r s h a d two d i s c r e t e o u t p u t s i g n a l s t o i n d i c a t e p r o p e r f l i g h t operation. One o f t h e s e i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e l i g h t s o u r c e had remained o n d u r i n g t h e f u l l c o u n t i n g p e r i o d , and t h e second v e r i f i e d t h a t t h e a u t o m a t i c - g a i n a d j u s t m e n t was completed p r i o r t o each c o u n t i n g c y c l e . The sample f l o w r a t e ' t h x o u g h t h e s e n s i n g u n i t was measured w i t h a choked v e n t u r i . During l a b o r a t o r y e v a l u a t i o n o f a f l i g h t - t e s t p r o t o t y p e of t h i s i n s t r u m e n t , i t w a s found t h a t t h e sample volume was n o t r e c e i v i n g u n i f o r m i l l u m i n a t i o n . T h i s r e s u l t e d i n a s u b s t a n t i a l a m b i g u i t y i n t h e number and s i z e s of p a r t i c l e s c o u n t e d . (See A d e t a i l e d mapping o f t h e sample-volume l i g h t f i e l d was n o t made f o r any r e f . 24.) of t h e i n s t r u m e n t s flown on GASP a i r l i n e r s , n o r h a s any a t t e m p t b e e n made t o c o r r e c t o r n o r m a l i z e t h e d a t a . The p a r t i c l e - n u m b e r d e n s i t y d a t a r e p o r t e d h e r e i n a r e s u b j e c t t o v a r i a t i o n s between i n s t r u m e n t s due t o d i f f e r e n c e s i n sample-volume i l l u m i n a t i o n . These d i f f e r e n c e s may b e on t h e o r d e r o f 200 p e r c e n t t o 70 p e r c e n t ( t 1 / 2 c y c l e ) i n p a r t i c l e count. (See r e f s . 1 9 t o 2 2 . )
APPENDIX B
I N D I V I D U A L FLIGHT SUMMARIES
- d a t e of d e p a r t u r e (month/day/year)
IM/ID/IY
DEP
- a i r p o r t of d e p a r t u r e
ARR
-
a i r p o r t of a r r i v a l
AVFL - average f l i g h t a l t i t u d e , k f t
EXHI
-
highest f l i g h t a l t i t u d e , k f t
EXLO - lowest f l i g h t a l t i t u d e , k f t ALAT
- average l a t i t u d e (degrees N , minus i s degrees
EXTN
- northernmost d a t a p o i n t
EXTS
- southernmost d a t a p o i n t
S)
FLT TOT - i n c l u d e s a l l d a t a on f l i g h t I N CLR
-
i n c l e a r , only o b s e r v a t i o n s w i t h time i n cloud equal t o zero
NOT CLR - only o b s e r v a t i o n s with time i n cloud g r e a t e r than zero
NUMBER OF OBSER. - CLD - cloud encounter d a t a n o t missing PD5 - cloud encounter d a t a n o t missing and p a r t i c l e d e n s i t y d a t a
present OZ - cloud encounter d a t a n o t missing and ozone d a t a p r e s e n t H 2 0 - cloud encounter d a t a not missing and w a t e r vapor d a t a p r e s e n t H 2 S - c a s e s where r e l a t i v e humidity e q u a l s 1 0 0 p e r c e n t AVERAGES FOR THE FLIGHT - % T I C - average p e r c e n t time i n cloud p e r d a t a sample PATCHES - average number of cloud p a t c h e s p e r d a t a sample PD 5 - average p a r t i c l e d e n s i t y , if a v a i l a b l e
(particles/m3) OZ
- average ozone mixing r a t i o s ( p a r t s p e r b i l l i o n
RH
- average r e l a t i v e humidity
H20
- average water vapor mixing r a t i o
by volume)
( p a r t s per
m i l l i o n by volume) TROPO.
N
- when a v a i l a b l e , number of o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e t r o p o s p h e r e
(see t e x t )
STRATO. N - when a v a i l a b l e , number of o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e s t r a t o s p h e r e ( s e e t e x t ) Note t h a t t h e d a t a a r e grouped i n t o s e t s p r e f a c e d with t h e r e g i s t r a t i o n number ( i . e . , " t a i l number") of t h e a i r c r a f t o b t a i n i n g t h e d a t a ( e - g . , N471lUr N655PA, e t c . ) .
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER BF U B S E R . C L D PD5 B Z ti26 H 2 S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L d ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T IC P A T C H E S PD5 82
(N471fU) 12/26/75
12/27/75
12/27/75
12/28/75
SFB HNL 3 2 2 . 30.
H N L dRD 3 6 6 . 4 0 8 . 34. 42.
225. 22.
210,
22.
0
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOTCLR:
53
37 16
0
31 22
0
9
0 0
53
0
37 16
0 0 0 0 0 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
57 34 23
0 0 0
57 34 23
0
HNL SFB 3 6 4 .
371.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
29 26
0 0
29 26
3
0
3
0 0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
30 23 7
0 0 0
30
23 7
a
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
42 41 1
0
42
0 0
41
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R !
31 25 6
0 0
31
0
6
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: CLR: IN N6T CLR:
28 21 7
0 0
28 21 7
0 0
0
0
0
SFd BBS 3 8 3 ,
36.
216. 22.
214, 38.
218.
38,
12/31/75
31 22 9
351 . 2 1 0 . 42. 22.
43.
12/30/75
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
BRD HNL 3 4 6 . 35.
30. 12/29/75
350. 37.
SF0 HNL 3 4 4 . 32,
HNL L A X 363.
29.
210, 23.
213. 22.
0
1
25
0 0
0
0
0 0 0
9.4
-7
0,
0,O 40.2
0,O 2.9
0
2,1
0 0
0.0
.O 0.0 1 .0
0. 0.
.5 0,O 2 . 8
0. 0. 0,
,7 0.0
0. 0,
2.7
0.
O
89.4
5,9 0.0 30,6 7.2 0.0 28.8
0. 0.
0.
RH
H20
TRUPU. N
STRATB N
IM/ID/IY
1/22/76
SF0 HND 3 4 3 .
49, 1/23/76
1/23/76
HND HKG 307. 27.
DEL THR 3 4 3 , 30.
1/24/76THR
1/24/76
370. 205. 56. 37.
311.
34.
219. 22.
HKG BKK 3 7 6 . 3 9 0 . 2 1 8 . 13. 22. 8.
1 / 2 3 / 7 6 BKK DEL 3 3 7 . 22.
1/24/76
NUMBER UF 0BSER. C L D FD5 02 H28 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLB ALAT EXTN EXTS
351. 212, 28. 15,
350, 216, 34. 28.
I S T 2 9 7 . 310, 215. 38. 41. 36.
IST FRA 2 8 3 . 3 1 0 . 45. 49.
213. 42.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
72 67 5
0 0 0
72 67 5
0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: N8TCLR:
30 30
0 0 0
30 30 0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
24 24
0
24 24
0
0
0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
22 18 4
FLT TOT: INCLR: NBTCLR:
.O
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0
22 18
0 0
4
0
25 9 16
0
25 9 16
0
F L f T6T: I N CLR: N b T CLR:
12 12 0
0 0
12 12 0
0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
15 14 1
0
15 14
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
1
0 0
1/24/76
LHR JFK 3 4 9 . 53.
370. 57.
211. 41.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
47 36 11
0 0 0
47 36 11
0 0 0
1/25/76
JFK LHR 3 2 6 . 50.
330. 206. 52. 41,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdTCLR:
36 26 10
0 0 0
36 26 10
0 0 0
1/26/76
LHR JFK 368. 390. 46. 50.
201 41.
.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
42 31 11
0 0 0
42
0 0 0
JFK FCB 349. 47.
165. 41,
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
52 32 20
0 0 0
1/27/76
370. 51.
31 11
32
52
0 0
20
0
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T IC PATCHES PD5 cSZ
RH
HZ6
TRBP6. N
STRAT0.
N
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I E X L d
NUMBER UF B B S E R , C L D PD5 b Z H2a H 2 S
A L A T E X T N EXTS
(N655PA) 1/27/76 F C U SNN 387. 390. 353. 49. 5 2 . 4 3 , 201 . 41,
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
1/26/76 J F K F C B 359. 390. 2 0 8 . 48, 3 2 , 4 1 ,
FLT TbT: IN CLR: NCTT C L R :
1/28/76 F C d J F K 329. 390. 203. 44. 48. 41.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NcST C L R :
1 /29/76 J F K L H R 362. 371 . 21 2 . 4 8 , 51, 4 1 ,
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
1/30/76 LHR J F K 354. 390. 209, 53. 57. 42.
F L T TUT: IN CtR: N6T C L R :
1 /'27/76 SNN J F K 3 6 2 . 391
49,
.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
53,
.
1 /30/76 J F K F R A 341 370. 209. 51. 54. 41.
FLT I U T : I N CLR: NlgT C L R :
1/31/76 F R A J F K . 331. 350, 2 0 0 . 55. 6 1 . 4 3 ,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NEI'T C L R :
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 €72
RH
H2U
TRBPd. N
STRATB, N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L d ALAT E X T N E X T S
NUMBER €IF B B S E R , C L D I'D5 U Z H20 H 2 S
(N4711U) 2/10/76
SFB H N L 3 4 2 . 31.
.
.
21 1 22.
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
21'1 1 / 7 6
HNL LAX 322. 330. 202. 28. 3 4 . 21.
F L T TdT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
2/11/76
L A X URD 386.
268. 34,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
2/11/76
B R D L A X 3 7 6 . 390. 2 1 7 . 39. 42. 3 5 .
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
2/12/76
LAX
FLT TaT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
37,
I T 0 340. 28.
351
38.
410. 41,
3 5 0 . 212.
34.
21.
2/13/76 I T 0 L A X 346. 3 7 1 . 2 0 0 . 28. 2/13/76
34.
21.
L A X BRD 3 5 4 . 3 7 1 . 38. 41.
218.
34.
2/13/76 0 R D L A X 382. 3 9 0 . 290. 39. 42. 3 5 . 2/14/76
L A X I T 6 377. 393.
29, 2/15/76
2/24/76
I T 0 LAX 354. 27.
34, 391.
34.
L A X JFI< 3 8 0 . 4 1 0 . 39. 42.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: N6T CLR: F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R : FLT T0T: IN CLR: NBT CLR:
201. 21,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
211.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
20. 214. 34.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
AVERAGES F 0 R THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2(9
TUUPB. N
STRATB N
IM/ID/IY
2/25/76
JFK L A X 3 7 4 . 3 9 0 . 208. 39,
2/26/76
LAX HNL 3 8 0 ,
29, 2/26/76
HNL S F 0 3 6 4 .
29, 2/26/76
HNL LAX 3 6 3 .
29. 2/27/76
LAX BRO 3 3 0 .
39. 2/28/76
2/28/76
2/29/76
2/29/76
.
URD J F K 3 3 1 42,
1/76
390.
34. 370.
35,
37. 370. 34.
34. 2 1 5.
21. 214. 22, 209.
23. 238.
22.
3 7 0 . 209. 41, 34. 370.
42.
21 2.
41,
J F K L A X 359, 390, 213, 38. 40. 3 4 .
.
L A X H N L 342. 350. 21 1 28. 3 4 . 21,
H N L SF6 3 6 3 .
30.
2/
41.
SF0 H N L 375. 3 9 0 .
30. 2/27/76
A V E R A G E S F B K THE F L I G H T C3Z % T I C PATCHES PDS
DEP-ARH AVFL EXHI E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
390. 206. 37. 22.
J F K S F B 3 6 9 . 390. 21 1 42.
43.
.
38,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
36 35 1
0
36
0
35 1
33 32 1
26
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
40
0 0
40 15 25
39 14
39
25
25
FLT TdT: I N C L R : NOT C L R :
- 24 9 15
0 0 0
24 9
23
23
8
15
15
8 15
FLT TdT; IN CLR: NBT CLR:
30
0
27
O 0
30 21 9
30
21 9
21 9
18 9
FLT TBT: IN'CLR: NBT CLR:
26
0
26
7
0
19
0
7 19
26 7 19
26 7 19
FLTTBT: INCL..R: NBT CLR:
21
O O
19
0
21 2 19
21 2 19
21
2
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NUT C L R :
8
0 0 0
8
7
6
7
6
1
1
5 1
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
37
28
0 0
37 28
31 22
9
0
37 28 9
9
9
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NdTCLR:
40
0 0 0
40 19 21
39 18
27 6
21
21
0 0
27
26
25
24
14 12
0
2
2
2
0 0
35 33
0
0
0
2
0 0
0 0
15 25
7 1
19 21
27
F L T TaT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
25 2
FLT TOT: 1N C L R : N0T CLR:
35 33 2
0
0
25 1
14
2 19
TRBPO,
RH
H2a
N
STRATB,
N
NUMBER 0 F O B S E R , C L D PD5 UZ l i 2 U H 2 S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I E X L U A L A T E X T N EXTS
(~655PA) 2/ 3/76 S F 0 H N L 345. 350. 209. 30. 37. 22.
FLT TUT: IN CLR: NBT CLR:
2/ 3/76 H N L GUM 347. 351 . 21 0 , 16. 21. 1 3 .
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/ 3 / 7 6 GUM M N L 3 6 8 . 390. 209. 14, 15. 1 4 .
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/ 3/76 MNL HKG 298. 391. 219, 19. 21, 16.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2 / 4/76 HKG MlJL 259. 341. 2 1 0 . 18. 22. 16.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NaT CLR:
2/ 4 / 7 6 M N L GUM 358. 371 . 21 1 . 14. 15. 14.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/ 6/76 L A X H N L 345. 353. 2 1 3 .
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
27.
34.
21.
2 / 6/76 H N L P P G 346. 370. 206. 3 . 20. -13.
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/ 6/76 PPG S Y D 377. 390. 206. -27. -18. -34.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/ 7/76 S Y D P P G 315. 330. 2 1 1 . -23. -16. - 3 4 .
FLT T0T: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
2 / 7/7G PPG ktNL 3 5 2 . 3 5 1 . 351. 8. 14. 5.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
5 5 O
0 0 O
5 5 O
0 0 O
0 0 Q
AVERAGES F O R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PO5 UZ
RH
H28
TR0P0 . N
NUMBER O F UR:3ER. C L D I'D5 UZ H 2 U H2S
IM/lD/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H i E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N655PA) 2/ 7 / 7 6 HNL L A X 302. 330. 195. 28. 34. 22.
2/ 8 / 7 6 L A X HNL 3 5 1 . 3 5 1 . 3 5 1 . 2 6
31.
21.
2/ 9 / 7 6 H N L L A X 326. 331. 211. 29, 34. 21. 2/10/76
L A X HNL 345. 351. 212. 28, 34. 2 1 .
2/11/76 HNL SFB 324. 330. 214. 30. 37. 2 2 .
10
4
O 0 0
4
0 0 0
TUT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
23 15 8
0 0 0
23 15
0 0
8
0
F L T TOT: IN C L R : NBT C L R :
30 28'
0 0 0
30 28 2
0 0
0 0
34 32 2
0 0
0
32
0
0
31 26 5
0 0 0
0
FLTTUT:
10
I N C L R :
6
NUTCLR:
FLT
2
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
34
2
0
FLTTOT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
31 26 5
0 0 0
6
0
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
AVERAGES F B R T H E F L I G H T % T IC P A T C H E S PD5 €lZ
RH
Hz0
TROPU. N
STRATB. N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER UF BB:3ER, C L D I'D5 B Z H Z 6 H2S
(N4711U) 1/76 S F U HNL 343. 350. 21 0 , 30. 37. 22,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
3/ 2/76 H N L URD 329. 335, 204. 35. 42, 22,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
3/ 2 / 7 6 6 R D L A S 379. 391. 2 1 6 , 41. 42. 39.
FLT TUT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
3/76 L A S 8 R D 3 5 4 . 390. 212. 40. 42. 3 7 .
F L T TB'T: I N CLR: N0T C L R :
3/
3/
3/ 4/76 B R D H N L 347. 390. 2 0 4 , 36. 4 3 . 22,
F t T TBT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
3/
5/76
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/
5/76 BRD Y Y Z 241. 332. 2 1 4 . 43. 43. 42,
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/ 5/76 Y Y Z B R D 334, 390. 21 5 ,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
H N L BRD 343. 370. 2 0 4 . 35. 4 2 . 22,
43.
44.
42,
3/ 5/76 B R D H N L 334. 3 5 5 . 1 9 7 . 37. 44. 2 2 .
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
6 / 7 6 H N L L A X 358. 370. 2 0 9 .
FLT TdT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
3/
29,
34.
21.
3/ 6/76 L A X URD 348. 370. 2 0 3 . 38, 41, 34,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
AVERAGES FOR THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2t3
TRUPU . N
STRATB,
N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER O F BBSER. C L D PD5 B Z H26 H2S
D E P - A R R A V F L E X H l EXL6 ALAT EXTN EXTS
(~4711U) 3/ 6/76 URD L A X 3 8 8 . 41 1 , 2 1 5 . 40. 42. 35, 3 1 7/76
LAX I TB 382,
29.
390, 2 1 4 ,
35.
23.
(N655PA)
.
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
22 22
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
27 27 0
3/18/76
JFK S F B 3 3 4 . 40.
351 41.
203, 38.
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NrYT C L R :
3/18/76
SFCS HND 3 5 6 .
390. 2 0 2 . 57. 3 7 .
F L T YBT: I N CLR: NETT C L R :
49. 3/19/76
HND tiKG 3 0 8 . 3 1 1 . 221. 27. 34. 22.
FLT T0T: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
311 9 / 7 6
HKG BKK 3 3 6 . 352. 204. 13. 2 1 . 8,
FLT TOT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
3/19/76
BKK D E L 3 3 6 .
351. 209. 28. 15.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NBT C L R : FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
22. 3/20/76
D E L THR 3 3 7 . 30.
3 5 0 . 206, 35. 28.
3/20/76
THR
551 40.
IS T 3 3 4 .
39. 3/20/76
2 12.
36,
IST F R A 3 3 0 . 351. 2 1 7 , 45.
3/20/76
.
LHR
49.
41,
J F K 3 7 1 , 392. 2 0 0 , 53,
57,
42,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R : FLT TgT: I N CLR: NBT C L R : F L T TIST: I N CLR: Nf3T C L R :
0
0 0 0
22 22
22 22
0
0
0 0 0
0
27
27
0 0
27 0
27
4 4
0
0
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T 4 T l C PATCHES PD5 8Z
RH
H28
TRBPB N
.
STRATU
N
.
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER O F U B S E R . CLD PD5 U Z H 2 8 H 2 S
(N4711U) 3/30/76
URD L A S 3 7 2 . 40.
3/30/76
L A S URD 3 8 1 . 4 1 0 . 39. 41.
224. 37.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
351 . 42.
205. 37.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
3 / 3 1 1 7 6 URD H N L 3 4 3 . 40.
390. 2 2 7 . 42. 37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
(~655PA) 3/25/76
S F 0 SEA 3 7 1 . 43.
391. 47.
231. 39.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/25/76
SEA LHR 3 4 3 . 3 7 1 . 60. 64.
223. 50.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/26/76
LHR S E A 3 4 3 . 65.
391. 76.
224. 48.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/27/76
SEA S F 0 3 7 1 . 41.
372. 44.
371. 39.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/28/76
S F 0 HNL 3 4 3 . 29.
351. 37.
250. 22.
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/28/76
H N L GUM 3 4 4 . 16.
351. 20.
296. 13.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/28/76
GUM M N L 3 4 6 .
350. 298. 15. 14.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
14. 3/28/76
.
.
M N L HKQ 3 8 1 391 19. 21.
340.
17.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
AVERAGES F U R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H28
TRBPU . N
STRATU . N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I EXLd ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER BF BBSER. CLD PD5 0 Z H 2 8 H2S
(N655PA) 3/29/76
HKG MNL 3 5 5 .
18. 3/29/76
3/30/76
3/31 /76
16.
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
7
6
0 0
1
0
7 6 1
0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0
0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
36
0
36
0
30
0 0
30 6
0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
31 25 6
0
31 25 6
21 2 , 21.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
32 29 3
0
HNL SEA 338. 3 5 1 . 3 3 1 . 39. 46. 29.
FLT T O T : IN C L R : NBT C L R :
27 23 4
0 0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
24 22 2
HNL SEA 3 6 6 , 36.
SEA HNL 381
,
32.
3/31/76
293.
G U M HNL 353. 390. 2 6 1 . 19,
3/30/76
371. 21.
SEA HNL 3 4 9 .
34,
21.
371, 47.
390, 44.
352. 46.
14.
222, 25.
320.
22.
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
32 29 3
0
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
O
27 23 4
0 0
0 0
0
24
0 0
22 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
A V E R A G E S FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
TRdPd
RH
H20
N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER U F U B S E R . C L D faD5 U Z 1428 H 2 S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H l E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N4711U) 4/
1 / 7 6 HNL BRD 3 4 4 . 35.
370. 42.
205. 22.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
4/
1 / 7 6 URD S F 0 3 4 2 . 41.
351 . 43.
210. 36.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/
2/76
S F B H N L 3 7 1 . 390. 2 1 5 . 30. 37. 22.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/
3 / 7 6 H N L L A X 363. 370. 21 3 . 27. 33. 21.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
4/
7/76 URD H N L 3 4 1 . 3 5 1 . 39. 45.
F L T ~TIYT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/
8/76
HNL LAX 3 5 9 . 29.
370. 2 1 1 . 34. 22.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NT €l CLR:
4/
9/76
L A X DEN 3 4 5 . 3 7 1 . 2 1 4 . 37. 39. 35.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/
9/76
DEN L A X 3 6 4 . 37.
389. 40.
216. 35.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/
9/76
L A X HNL 307. 3 1 0 . 28. 34.
205. 21.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
213. 26.
4/10/76
HNL BRD 3 5 0 . 35.
390. 2 0 6 . 42. 22.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/10/76
URD H N L 3 1 4 , 44.
350. 45.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
205 42
AVERAGES F U R T H E F L I G H T % T IC PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU . N
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER O F 6 B S E R . CLD PD5 B Z H2U H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H l EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N4711U) 4 / 1 1 /7C
SFO HNL 3 4 9 30
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NBT CLR:
4/12/76
H N L URD 3 7 0 . 40.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
4/12/76
URD L A S 3 7 7 . 41.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
4/13/76
URD H N L 3 1 6 . 42.
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
4/14/70
H N L URD 3 2 3 . 27.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/14/76
URU SFB 3 8 0 . 41.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
4/15/76
S F B BRD 3 5 9 . 41.
F L T TOT: IN Cl-R: NUT C L R :
4/17/76
E F B HNL 3 6 3 . 30.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/17/76
HNL LAX 3 5 9 .
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
29. 4/18/76
L A X DEN 3 4 6 . 36.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: bl0T C L R :
4/18/76
L A X HNL 3 4 3 . 28.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H26
TRBPU. N
STRATU N
IM/!D/lY
NUMBER OF 6 B S E R . CLD 12D5 BZ H28 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N4711U) 4/19/76
4/20/76
4/20/76
4/20/76
HNL URD 3 3 5 . 31.
3 7 0 . 21 0 . 39. 22.
HNL 6 R D 3 4 0 . 3 7 0 , 32. 40,
BRD LAS 3 7 3 . 40.
390.
42.
LAS BRD 3 5 4 . 3 7 0 . 40, 42.
208. 22.
21 0 ,
37. 213, 37.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
37 33 4
0 0 0
37 33 4
36 4
28 24 4
FLT TOT: I N CtR: NUT CLR:
40 34 6
0 0 0
40
40 34 6
35 29 6
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
20
0
I8
0
20 18
4 2
2
0
20 18 2
2
2
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
19 13 6
0 0 0
19
19 13 6
8
13 6
34 6
32
2
6
4/21/76
BRD HNL 3 6 4 . 41.
391. 43.
206. 05.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
43 30 13
0 0 0
43 30 13
42 29 13
22 9 13
4/22/36
HNL SFU 3 5 9 . 32.
370. 210. 37. 22.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
33
33 27
33
6
0 0 0
6
6
24 18 6
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NOTCLR:
31 29 2
0 0 0
31 29 2
31 29
14
2
2
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
18 16 2
0
18
16 2
18 16 2
13
0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
42 39 3
0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0
42 39 3
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
60 50 10
0 0 0
60 50 10
60 50 10
8
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
29 29 0
0 0
29 29 0
28 28 0
13
4/23/76
4/23/76
SFU HNL 3 6 4 , 3 9 0 , 2 1 7 , 30. 3 7 . 22.
HNL SFU 3 5 7 .
27. 4/25/76
4/26/76
4/27/76
370. 2 0 5 , 32. 22.
HNL DTW 326, 370, 38. 42,
BRD HNL 341 , 351 , 35, 43,
HNL SFt3 3 5 9 . 30,
370. 37.
194, 29.
187. 22,
211. 22,
27
0
27
12
11 2
0
1
7 13 0
AVERAGES FaR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 02
TRbPU.
RH
H26
N
STRATB. N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHl EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER OF UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H2U H2S
(N4711U) 4/28/76
SF0 URD 3 6 8 . 4 1 0 . 41. 42.
204. 38.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4/28/76
BRD SEA 3 8 2 . 46.
390. 48.
217. 42.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4/29/76
SEA BRD 3 8 0 . 4 1 0 . 45. 47.
201. 43.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4/29/76
BRD LAX 3 6 7 . 40.
390. 42.
21 6 .
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
39.
(N655P~) 4/
1/76
HNL SEA 31 2 . 35.
334. 46.
290, 23.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4/
1 / 7 6 SEA HNL 3 2 7 . 36.
337. 46.
305. 22.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4 / 2 / 7 6 HNL SEA 2 9 0 . 2 9 2 . 2 8 5 .
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
36,
46.
23,
4/
2 / 7 6 SEA HNL 3 7 8 . 34.
390. 46.
291. 22.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4/
3/76
HNL SEA 3 6 1 . 3 7 1 . 37. 47.
209. 23.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4/
3 / 7 6 SEA HNL 3 7 2 . 35.
393. 46.
196. 22.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
4/
4/76
392. 316. 32. 20.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
HNL LAX 3 8 7 . 26.
AVERAGES FOR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
STRATB.
N
NUMBER O F B B S E R . C L D PD5 0 2 H20 H2S
IM/ID/IY DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T 02 % T I C PATCHES PD5
(~655PA) 4/ 5/76 L A X H N L 388. 392. 333. 28. 34. 21. 4/ 7/76 L A X OUA 332, 371, 203, 23. 33. 15.
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
36 34
FLT TdT: IN CLR: N0TCLR:
25
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
2
17 8
0, 0. 0.
55.
,O 0.0
0 0 0
0 0 0
8.9
17 8 16 15 1
0 0 O
0
.5
0
0
0.0 7.5
0.0 9.0
36
0
0
32
0
0
4
0
0
2.0 0,O 18.2
0.0 3.0
0. 0.
35. 39. 73.
0 0
25
0
190. 191. 165.
0 0 0
36
34 2
.4
0.0 27.8
1
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
0,O 1 .O .7 0 , O
2.1
60, 45.
0, 0. 0.
48,
0.
35.
16
0
15
0
1
0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
36
0 0 0
4/10/76 G I G J F K 325. 3 5 0 . 204. 7 . 39. - 2 2 .
FLT'TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
55 43 12
o
55
o
o
7.6
.9
0.
0 0
43 12
0 0
0 0
0.0 34.7
0.0 4.0
0,
81.
0.
46.
4/10/76 J F K LHR 336, 371 , 202, 49. 5 2 . 41.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
40
0 0
40 37
0
3
6-9 0,0 91.5
.3 0,O 3.7
0, 0.
3
0 0 0
0
37
147. 149, 113.
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
49 42 7
0
49 42 7
0 0 0
0 0 0
7.1
.4
0,
0,O
50.0
0.0 2,9
0. 0,
266. 297, 83.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
49 44
49 44
0 0 0
0
5
0 0 0
1 .O 0.0 9.6
,3 0.0 3.2
0. 0. 0,
172. 179. 114.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
56 52
0 0
56
1
0.
223,
0.0
0.
4
0
4
1 0.0 1.3
1.3
0.
215. 328.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CI-R:
45
0 0 0
45
1 0,O 1 .I
1 0.0
0. 0. 0.
232. 221. 314.
0 0 0
0. 0. 0.
405. 432. 255,
4/
8/76 GUA CCS 354. 374. 210, 12. 14. 1 1 .
4/ 8/76 CCS G I G 360. 371. 207. - 6 , 10, -22,
4/11 /76
L H R J F K 342. 390. 201
52, 56,
.
41,
32
4
0
0
0
0
.6
. 3
0.
1
4/12/76 J F K F C d 306. 370. 203. 47, 51. 41. 4/12/76 F C U J F K 361 . 390. 194, 45. 46. 41. 4/12/76 J F K F R A 331. 341. 207. 50. 5 2 . 41. 4/13/76 F R A J F K 367. 391. 218.
32.
55.
42.
40 5
FLT TBT:
54
IN CLR: NBT CLR:
46 8
5
0 0
O 0 0
0 0
40 5
0 0 0
0 0
54 46 8
0 0 0
0
52
0
0
O 0
1 .6 0.0 10.6
1.2 .6 0,O
3,8
45. 93.
RH
H20
TRUPB, N
STRAT0, N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER U F B B S E R . C L D PD5 €32 H 2 8 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H l EXLO ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N655P~) 4/14/76
J F K FRA 334. 50.
4/14/76
FRA J F K 373. 410. 296. 56. 59, 43,
FLT TdT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
4/15/76
J F K FRA 345. 50.
371. 205. 53. 41.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
4/'16/76
FRA J F K 354. 50.
371. 53.
210. 42.
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/16/76
J F K FRA 333. 49.
371 53.
.
279. 41.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
4/17/76
F R A J F K 3 6 4 . 391 . 201 , 53. 58. 41,
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
411 8 / 7 6
J F K LHR 324, 49.
340.
FRA
1S T 3 5 6 . 45.
4/19/76
4/20/76
4/19/76
4/20/76
3 7 1 . 209. 53. 41.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
53.
204. 41.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
371 48.
.
220.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
I S T K H I 344. 35.
371, 40.
212. 26,
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NCTT C L R :
KHI
331.
216, 26.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
209. 14.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
DEI- 3 0 8 . 28.
29.
DEL BKK 376. 411. 21, 28.
41.
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5
Biz
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I E X L U
NUMBER O F 6 B S E R . C L D PD5 B Z H Z 0 H 2 S
ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N655PA) 4/26/76
GIG CCS 3 8 6 . 3 9 1 . 3 5 1 , -3, 1 0 . - 1 6 .
4/26/76 CCS GUA 345. 3 5 1 . 2 7 7 . 13. 14. 1 2 . 4/26/76 G U A L A X 3 7 9 , 3 9 0 , 21 1 , 24. 3 3 . 15. 4/27/76
4/27/76
SF0 HNL 344. 3 5 2 . 2 1 3 , 30, 37, 22, HNL
G U M 344. 3 5 1 20.
4/29/76
S F 6 SEA 3 7 2 . 44.
,
23. 390. 47.
207,
14. 274. 40.
4/29/76 SEA L H R 3 4 5 . 371 . 203. 62. 69. 4 9 , 4/30/76 LHR S E A 3 4 9 . 3 7 1 . 206. 62. 70. 49,
4/30/76
LAX
I T B 342. 3 5 0 .
28.
33.
213.
20.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
30 6
0
30
0
0
6
24
O
24
0 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
12
0 0 0
12 2
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
31 29 2
0
31
0 0
29
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
34 32 2
0 0 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
50 44
0 0 0
6
0
8 7 1
0
1
0 0 0
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NdT C L R :
2 10
6 8
7
10
2
0
0 0 0 0 0
34
0
32 2
0 0
50
0
44
0
0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
61
0
61
0
56
0
O
5
0
56 5
FLT TBT: I N CLR: N6TCLR:
66 52 14
0
66
0
O 0
52
0 0
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NBTCLF?:
43
0 0
28
34
9
0
14
21 7
0
35 28 7
A V E R A G E S FBR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
RH
H20
TRUPCJ. N
STRATB
N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L d ALAT EXTN E X T S
NUMBER dF 0 B S E R . C L D PD5 0 2 I426 H 2 S
(~4711U) 5/
4/76
5/ 4 / 7 6
L A X URD 385. 4 1 0 . 39. 4 2 .
BRD P I T 2 9 4 . 41.
218. 34.
FLT T6T: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
330. 2 1 9 .
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
42.
41,
5/ 4 / 7 6 P I T BRD 2 9 3 , 311, 2 2 3 , 41. 41. 41,
FLT TbT: I N CLR: N0T C L R :
5/
4/76 6 R D L A X 375. 390, 1 9 2 , 39. 42. 34.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/
5/76 L A X 6 R D 358. 4 1 0 . 2 0 9 . 38. 4 1 , 34.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
5/
6 / 7 6 URD L A S 380. 4 1 0 . 39. 4 2 .
214. 36.
FLT T U T : I N CI-R: N 6 T CL.R:
5/
6/76
L A S CRD 354. 3 9 2 . 40. 4 2 .
211.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
BRD HNL 3 4 0 .
208, 22,
5/
7/78
35.
350, 42.
37.
F L T TtTT: I N CLR: NOT C L R : F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
5/
8/76 URD L A S 374. 3 9 0 . 2 1 5. 40, 42. 36.
5 / 8 / 7 6 LAS URD 350, 370, 2 1 5 , 39, 4 1 , 37,
F L T T111T: I N CLR: NOT C L R : F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
AVERAGES F B R T H E F L I G H T % T IC P A T C H E S PD5 02
TRUPB ,
RH
H26
N
STRATB ,
N
NUMBER U F B B S E R . CLD PD5 b Z H 2 6 H2S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L
EXHl E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(~4711U) 5/
9/76
CLE BRD 2 8 4 .
41.
5/
9/76 d R D H N L 3 4 5 . 35.
5/10/76
5/11/76
5/11/76
HNL L A X 3 6 8 , 30.
F L T TBT: I N C L R : NdT C L R :
5
0
3
5 0
0
3
Q
0
0 0 0
350, 2 0 7 , 42, 22.
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
85 71 14
0
0 0
25 21 4
0 0 0
407, 35.
FLTT6T: I N CLR: N8T C L R :
52 4.6 6
0 0
16 16
0 0
0
0
0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
17 16 1
0
11 10
0
0 0
FLTTBT: I N C L R : NBTCLR:
16 4 12
FLT TUT: IN C L R : NBTCLR:
46
310 . 41,
217. 41.
190,
22.
L A X DEN 3 9 4 . 4 3 0 . 220. 37. 39. 3 4 ,
DEN L A X 362. 4 0 9 . 37. 40.
220. 34.
5 1 I 1 / 7 6 L A X HNL 3 4 9 . 3 5 0 . 279. 28. 33. 2 1 .
5/12/76
5/12/76
HNL L A S 3 3 5 . 29,
370. 35,
L A X JFK 382, 4 1 0 . 41, 43,
208, 21,
188.
34,
3/13/76 J F K d R D 325. 330, 203. 41. 41. 40. 5/13/76
8RD HNL 3 6 7 .
32, 5/14/76
H N L BRD 3 4 2 . 35,
390. 42,
370. 43,
205. 21,
207. 22,
1
0 0
0 0 0
11
0
3 8
0 0
0 0 0
7 7 0
0
38 8
0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
53 51
0
0
35 33
0
2
0
2
0
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
49
0 0
31 28
0
O
3
0
FLT TbT: I N C L R : NaTCLR:
15 4 11
0 0
10
3
0 0
0
7
0
F L T TdT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
90 85 5
0 0
73 70
0
49 46 3
F L T TOT:
83 62
0
37
0
0 0
25
0
12
0
IN
CLR:
NBTCLR:
46 3
21
0
0
0
3
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H20
TRUPU. N
NUMBER BF UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ N 2 d H2S
IM/I D / I Y DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
F O R THE FI-I GHT
AVERAGES
% T I C PATCHES
FD5
(N4711U) 5/14/76
5/14/76
BRD L A S 373. 390. 2 1 5 . 39. 4 2 . 36.
L A S URD 3 5 1 .
40, 5/15/76
5/15/76
5/16/76
C L E dRD 2 5 6 , 41.
5/28/76
JFK L A X 3 7 2 .
L A X HNL 3 7 2 . 28.
SFB HNL 3 4 4 .
30. 5/28/76
5/29/76
5/
310, 42.
192. 41.
6 R D HNL 3 3 9 . 3 5 1 , 2 1 4 . 34, 42, 22,
39, 5/16/76
370, 2 1 1 . 42, 37,
390. 2 0 6 .
42.
35.
390. 209, 34.
21.
350. 2 1 1 . 37.
HNL L A X 3 7 6 . 3 8 0 . 30. 34.
22. 248. 24.
L A X HNL 355, 3 6 0 , 213, 29, 3 4 , 2 2 ,
1 / 7 6 SFB L A X 2 6 9 . 2 9 2 . 2 1 4 . 36, 37. 35.
5/ 1 / 7 6 L A X GUA 3 3 7 . 3 7 1 23.
.
33.
208, 15.
0. 0. 0.
1
1,2 0.0 32,2
. 3 0.0 7.0
0
0
0 , O
0.0
0.
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.
0
0
0 , O
0.0
0,
O
0
60,7
2.0
0.
0
0
0.0
0.
0
0
75.9
0.0 2.5
30
73
56
1.0
0.
25
50
33
0
5
23
.23
44.4
0.0 3.5
0, 0.
0
30
39
38 1
1 .O 0,O 49.4
0.
29 1
3 2 1
1
0 0
0.0 3.0
0. 0.
0 0 0
14 14 0
46 46
11 11
0
0 . 0 0,O 0.0
0 .
0
0.0 0,O 0.0
0 , 0 ,
0 0 0
29
0
27
Q
0. 0.
0
.2 0,O 3.3
1 0.0
2
0 0 0
2 , 3
0.
0 0 0
24
0
0.0
0 0
0 0 0
0.0
24
0,O 0.0
0.0 0.0
0, 0. 0.
48
0
47
31 31
1
0 0
FLT T U T : I N C L R : NUT C L R :
6
0
6
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
27
0
17
23
26
0
16
1
0
1
22 I
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
24
0
24 0
0 0
14 14 0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
5 1 4
0
2
0 0
1 1
FLTTdT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
88
0
62
0
26
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
48 47 1
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
55 55
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
48 45
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
38
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NbTCLR:
0
3 38 0
0
0
2 1
0 0
0.0
.O
.O
0.
0,O 1.0
0.
0
0,O .8
0
0.0
0.0
0
0,O
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.
0
1.7 0.0 13.6
1 0.0 1 .2
0.
0
0 0
0
0 0
2 2 0
0 0 0
41 36 5
0 0 0
27 24 3
0
0
0
0 0
O
13.1
0.
0.
0. 0.
0. 0.
0Z
RH
H20
TRBPB. N
STRATB. N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L 0 ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER UF 0 B S E R . CLD P D 5 U Z H 2 U H 2 S
AVERAGES F 0 R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 0Z
RH
H20
TR0PU . N
STRATU .
N
(N655PA) 5/2/76GUACCS350.
12.
371.
15.
190. 10.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
31
13 18
0 0 0
20 9 11
0
0 0
0 0 0
28.3 0.0 48.8
1.5 0.0 2.6
0. 0. 0.
46. 47. 44.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
31 13 18
0 0
0
lM/ID/IY
8/
8/
3 5 1 . 270. -33. -32. - 3 4 .
3/76 PER BUM 329.
3/76
8/ 4/76
BUM L H R 3 1 9 . 38,
L H R BUM 3 1 9 . 36.
8 / 4 / 7 6 BUM PER 3 2 7 . -7.
8/
5/76
PER S Y D 3 6 0 . -34.
8 / 6 / 7 6 S Y D PER 3 5 4 . -33. 8 / 6/76 PER B U M 3 0 7 . -5.
8/
6/76
8/ 7/76
BBM L H R 322. 37.
LHR
BUM 320. 37,
8/
7/76
BUM PER 3 0 8 , -6.
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 02
0 0 0
-6 0.0 13.5
.3 0.0 5.5
0.
2
0 0 0
52
0
32 20
0 0
0 0 0
7.5 0,O 20.9
1.0 0.0 2 . 7
0. 0.
47
0
0
2.1
45
0 0
0
0.0
.3 0,O
0
41,7
6,3
0. 0. 0.
0 0
O 0
.5 0.0
12
0
0
10.2 0,O 50,3
0.
41
2.5
0.
54 0 5 4 0 0
0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0,O 0.0
0. 0. 0.
30 30 0
0 0 0
20 20 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0. 0.
FLT TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
47 46 1
0
30 29 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
,4 0.0 18.8
1 0.0 4.0
0. 0. 0.
FLT TUT: CLR: IN NUT C L R :
82 71 11
0
55
0
0 0
46
0 0
0 0 0
2 . 7 0,O 20.2
. 2 0.0 1 . 5
0. 0. 0.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
70
0
0 0
45 43
.8 0,O 13. 1
0.0
0,
2
0 0 0
0
66
2.8
0.
199,
FLT T O T :
88
86 2
0
58 56 2
0 0 0
.0
I N CLR: NUT C L R :
0 0
0
20,
0 0
0.0 1,8
0,O 1.O
0. 0.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
76 56 20
0 0 0
47 34 13
0 0 0
0 0 0
7.3 0,O 27.7
. 8 0.0 3 . 2
0.
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
43 41 2
0 0 0
28 26
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NdTCLR:
78 50 28
0 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
78 74 4
0 0 0
FLTTBT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
84 67 17
0 0 0
249. -31,
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NUT C L R :
87 87 0
0
274, -35.
F L T TOT: 1 N CLR: NUT C L R :
3 / 7 6 S Y D PER 3 4 7 .
-6.
8/
NUMBER BF B B S E R . C L D PD5 U Z H 2 6 H 2 S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
244, -31,
233, 19, 276. 21,
260. -34,
199. -30,
279, 23,
205, -31.
4
0
0 0
2 53
7
0 0
0 0
,2
-0
0. 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0. 0.
RH
H2U
TRBPU. N
STRATB. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER 0 F 0B:SER. C L D P D 5 U Z 1-120 H2S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X 1 6 ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES F 0 R THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
RH
H20
TR0P0. N
STRATU N
(VH-EBE) 8/
8/76
PER S Y D 3 6 2 .
3 7 0 . 268,
-34. -33. -35. 8/
8/
9/76
S Y D MEL 2 9 5 . -36.
9/76 M E L BKK 3 2 2 . -12.
8/
9/76 BKK THR 313. 26.
8/10/76
8/10/76
ATH F C 8 2 9 7 .
8/11/76
F C b A T H 313. 40.
A T H THR 3 2 7 ,
35. 8 / 1 1 /76
8/11/76
200.
-35. -37. 352. 13.
351. 33,
THR A T H 3 4 2 . 3 7 0 . 35. 37.
39. 8/10/76
334.
310. 41.
191. -37.
236. 16,
205.
34. 195.
38.
330. 2 1 3 . 38, 41. 330,
36.
THR BKK 3 2 2 .
330.
25.
34.
262,
34, 243. 15.
BKK MEL 3 1 5 , 3 3 0 , 2 3 5 , -15. 1 1 . -37,
8/11/76MELSYD288.
290, 2 8 2 .
-35, -34, -36,
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R : F L T TUT: I N C L R : N0T CLR: FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
32
0
32 0
0 0
20 20 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
7
0
3
0
0
7
0 0
3
0 0
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
0
O
0
81 0
0
54 54 0
81
0
0
62
0
39
49
0
32
0 0
0 0
13
O
7
0
0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: N6TCLR:
33
21 21
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLTTBT: I N C L R : NUT C L R :
11
O
11
0
7 7
O
C
0
0 0
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NbT CLR:
10 10 0
0
7 7 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
30
0 0 0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: N8TCLR:
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NbTCLR:
33
0
0 0
0
19 19
O
0
0 0 0
0
0
63
0
41
37 26
0
23 18
0 0
30
0
0
0
0 0
O
0
0 0 0
58
54 4
0 0 0
0
7
0 0 0
5
0
2
0
0
5
0 0
0 0
0
0
2 0
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NbT CLR:
90 83
FLTTUT: IN CLR: NUTCLR:
0 0
0
0.0 0,O 0.0
0.0 0.0 0,O
0.
42.
0,
42. 0.
0.
0. 0, 0.
0,
0, i),
5 5 0
0 0 0
1M/ I D / I Y
NUMBER eF U B S E R , CLD P D 5 6 2 I426 H2S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H l E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(VH-EBE) FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
8/14/76
SYD MEL 339, -36.
8/14/76
M E L BKK 31 8 . 351 , 2 4 4 . -15, 13, -37,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
8/14/76
BKK THR 3 1 1 . 26.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
8/15/76
350. 293. -35. -37,
350. 245. 35. 15.
THR A T H 3 4 6 , 3 5 1 . 2 6 3 ,
35,
37,
.
33,
.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NUT C L R : FLT TBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
A T H F C B 3 3 0 . 351 39. 4 1 .
221
8/15/76
F C U A T H 31 3 . 40.
232. 38,
8/15/76
A T H THR 3 1 9 . 3 3 1 . 2 0 8 , 35. 37. 33.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NIJT C L R :
8 / 16/76
THR BKK 31 1 330. 238. 34, 1 4 , 26,
.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
8/16/76
BKK M E L 3 3 7 . 3 7 0 . 2 3 9 . -15. 12. - 3 7 .
FLT TBT: I N CtR: NOT C L R :
8/16/76
MEL SYD 3 2 1 , -35.
370, -34.
206, -36.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
8/17/76
SYD MNL 3 3 4 . -10.
351. 256. 13. - 3 3 .
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
8/15/76
330. 41.
38,
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
66 66 O
0 0 O
40 40 O
0
0 O
0 0 O
AVERAGES F B R THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
RH
H28
TROPB N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER OF UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H2U H2S
(VH-EBE) MNL HKG 3 4 3 . 351 . 2 8 9 . 19. 21. 16.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
12 5 7
0 0 0
8 5 3
0 0 0
0 0 0
8 / 1 7 / 7 6 H K G M N L 3 1 7 . 330. 263. 18. 21. 16.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
11 6 5
0 0 0
7 3 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/17/76
370. 255. 13. -33.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
'77 61 16
0 0 0
52 44 8
0 0 0
0 0 0
811 8 / 7 6 SYD DRW 3 4 7 . 3 5 2 . 2 7 3 . -23. -14. -33.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
37 37
O
0 0 0
24 24 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT. T O T : I N CLR: NUT CLR:
56 43 13
0 0 0
36 28 8
0
0
0 0 0
BKK DAM 31 1 . 351 . 2 0 9 . 27. 34. 16.
FLT T O T : I N CLR: NUTCLR:
82 64 18
0 0 0
55 41 14
0 0 0
DAM ATH 3 3 6 . 3 5 0 . 2 4 3 . 35. 37. 34.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
17 17 0
0 0 0
10 10
0 0
0
0
0 0 0
31 0 . 271 44. 40.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
6 5 1
0 0 0
2 1 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
BEG URY 3 2 4 . 3 5 1 . 2 0 5 . 47. 48. 45.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
16 11 5
0 0 0
10 7 3
0 0 0
0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
15 15
Q
0
9 0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: IN C L R : NBTCLR:
8 7 1
0 0 0
4 4 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/17/76
8/18/76
8/18/76
8/19/76
MNL SYD 3 4 7 . -10.
DRW RKK 3 3 3 . 3 5 0 . 2 4 9 . -1. 13. - 1 1 .
811 9 / 7 6 ATH BEG 2 9 9 . 42. 8/19/76
8/19/76
8/19/76
.
0RY BEG 3 2 8 . 331 . 2 8 9 . 47. 48. 45. BEG ATH 31 9 . 41.
330. 264. 43. 39.
0
0
0 0
0 0
AVERAGES FOR THE FLIGHT PD5 UZ % T IC PATCHES
RH
H20
TRUPU. N
STRATU N
NUMBIIR U F €lB:SER. C L D PD5 8 2 H2U H2S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H l E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(VH-EBE ) 8/19/76 A T H D E L 306. 331 . 243. 32. 36. 28.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NBT CLR:
8/20/76 D E L B K K 321 . 331 . 251 . 22. 28. 15.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
8/20/76 BKK DRW 334. 370. 205 -3. 1 1 . -12
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
8/20/76 DRW SYD 344. 370. 223. -24. -14. -33.
F L T TOT: I N CI-R: NOT C L R :
8/22/76 SYD BKK 046. 390. 267. F L T T B T : -14. 13. -33. I N C L R : NUT C L R :
8/22/76 BKK A T H 334. 350. 223. 25. 37. 14.
F L T TBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
8/23/76 A T H L H R 373. 391. 333. 46. 5 2 . 40.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
8/23/76 L H R A T H 363. 370. 325 46. 51, 39
FLT TUT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
8/23/76 ATH B K K 327. 370. 247. 24. 36. 14.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
8/24/76 BKK M E L 324. 370. 238. F L T T U T : -15. 12. -38. I N C L R : NUT C L R :
8/24/76 M E 1 S Y D 300. 370. 219. F L T T U T : -35. - 3 4 . -36. I N C L R : NUT C L R :
AVERAGES F B R T H E F L I G H T UZ PD5 % T I C PATCHES
RH
H2U
TRUPU. N
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER B F U B S E R . C L D PC5 B Z H 2 6 H 2 S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(VH-EBE) 0 0 0
0 0 0
2
0 0 0
0 0 0
14 13 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
17
0
Q
17
O
0
0
0
O
0
0 0 0
57 57 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
106
0
0
0 0
63 36 27
0
66
0 0
0
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
27
5
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: N6T CLR:
28 28 0
0 0
17 17 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
F L T TOT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
103 57 46
0 0
68 36
0
0
0 0
0
32
0
0
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
89 79 10
0
56 49 7
0
0 0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
6
0 0 0
2
4 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/25/76 S Y D N a U 321. 330. 220. F L T T U T : -29. -23. -34, IN C t R : 8/25/76 N B U S Y D 324. 350. 252. -29. -23. -34. 8/26/76 S Y D CHC 321. 331. 199. -39. -35, -43. 8/26/76 CHC S Y D 347. 350. 277. -39. -35. -43. 8/29/76 S Y D BKK 322. 351 . 193. -14, 13, -33. 8/29/76 BKK ATH 326. 351. 231, 24. 37. 14. 8/30/76 A T H L H R 2 8 0 . 280, 277. 46. 52. 40. 8/30/76 LHR A T H 364. 371. 274, 46. 51. 39, 8/30/76 A T H BKK 329. 371. 241. 24. 36. 14. 8/31/76
BKK MEL 343. 371. 215.
-15.
12. -37,
8/31/76 M E L S Y D 344. 371. 297, -36, -35. -37.
0 0 0
13 11
NUTCLR:
21 18 3
FLTTBT; IN C L R : NUT C L R :
26 23 3
0 0 0
16 14
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
22 19
0 0
3
0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
27
0 0 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
99
27 0
99
40 19 8
0 0 0
0
0 0
2
16 11
2 0
0
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
TRBPB RH
H20
N
.
STRATB. N
NUMBER OF BBSER. C L D PD5 BZ M 2 8 H2S
IM/ID/IY DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLB ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FOR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5
RH
H2a
TROPU, N
(N655PA) 9/
9/
9/
1 / 7 6 SF47 LAX 2 7 5 . 36.
1 / 7 6 LAX GUA 3 2 4 . 23.
1/ 7 6
289. 37.
331.
32.
225, 35.
210. 15.
GUA CCS 3 5 3 . 3 7 0 . 2 5 4 . 12. 14. 11.
FLT TUT: INCLR: N0T CLR:
5 5
0
0 0 0
3
3 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0,O
0.0 0,O 0,O
0. 0,
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0,O
0. 0. 0.
0
0
0
0.0 0,O 0.0
0,O 0.0 0,O
0 ,
0
FLT TOT: fN CLR: NUT CLR:
38 0
0 0 0
22 22
FLT T O T : I N CLR: NBTCLR:
26 26 0
0 0 0
17 17
O
Q O
38
O
0,
0. 0.
9/
2/76
CCS GIG 3 6 3 . -6,
369. 221. 10. -22.
FLT TbT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
56 56 0
0 0 0
36 36 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0. 0.
9/
4/76
G I G PTY 3 6 4 . -6.
390, 267. 8 . -21.
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
66 66 0
0 0 0
33 33
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0,O 0,O 0,0
0,O 0,O 0.0
0. 0. 0.
FLTT0T: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
15 15 0
O 0
10 10
0 0
0
0
0 0 0
a
0.0 0,O 0.0
0.0 0,O 0.0
0. 0 . 0.
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
43 43 0
0
0
28 28
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0, 0,
2.5
0.0 16.2
. 3 0.0 1,8
0. 0. 0.
9/
9/
4/76
4/76
PTY GUA 3 3 3 . 3 5 0 . 2 5 6 . 14. 9. 12.
GUA LAX 3 6 7 . 24.
9/
5/76
SFB HND 3 2 6 . 50.
9/
6/76
HND HKG 381
.
9/
330. 243. 58. 37,
390. 34.
264. 22.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
32
0
27 5
0 0
19 16 3
0 0
0
0 0 0
6 / 7 6 HKG BKK 3 8 2 . 3 9 0 , 12. 21.
271 8.
.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
33 33
0 0 0
22 22 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0,O 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0,O
0. 0. 0,
33. 33.
0. 0, 0.
0, 0. 0.
33
FLT TOT: IN CLR: NBT CLR:
33 33
0 0 0
19 19 0
0
0 0 0
0,O 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.
40. 40.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0, 0,
33 33 0
28. 9/
390. 296, 33. 15.
6 / 7 6 BKK DEL 3 4 2 . 22,
353, 246, 28. 15.
O
0
0
0
0. 0.
0,
0.
33 0
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER O F B B S E R . C L D PD5 U Z H Z 6 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H l E X L a ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N655PA) 9/
9/
7/76
7/76
D E L THR 339. 3 5 0 . 30. 3 5 .
.
THR F R A 341 42.
9/ 7 / 7 6 F R A L H R 3 5 2 . 51,
198.
28.
350. 198. 50.
36.
390. 2 8 0 . 52.
50.
9/ 7 / 7 6 L H R J F K 360. 3 9 0 . 281 , 50. 53. 42. 9/
9/
8/76
0 0
0 0
0
0
F L T TOT: IN C L R : NBT C L R :
54 54 0
0
33 33 0
0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
6 5
0 0
2
0 0
1
0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
69 69
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0
0 0
43 43 0 41 41 0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
FLT TBf: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
73 73 0
0 0 0
48 48 0
0 0 0
0 0
F L T TBT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
63 63 0
0 0 0
39
0
39 0
0
0 0
0
0
LHR J F K 3 4 6 . 365. 1 9 3 . 51. 55. 39.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
81 81 0
0
54 54 0
0
0 0 0
J F K LHR 357, 369, 227, 52. 56. 41.
FLT TUT: IN C L R : Nt3T C L R :
70 70
42
0
0 0 0
42 0
0 0 0
FLT T6T: 1N CLR: NBT C L R :
69 69
0 0
45 45
0 0
0
0
0
0
67
0 0 0
40 40 0
0
0
0
0 0
LHR J F K 354.
48. 9/13/76
20 20 0
0 0 0
49.
9/12/76
0 0 0
64
370.
55. 370. 52.
227. 41, 199,
41,
9/10/76 I A D L H R 3 4 6 . 349. 252.
9/11/76
32 32 0
F L T 'T b T : IN C L R : NCIT C L R :
J F K LHR 343. 52.
9/76 LHR J F K 344. 48.
9/10/76
F L T TOT: IN C L R : NOT C L R :
IAD L H R 3 3 2 , 49.
53.
40.
390, 195. 52. 4 1 , 340, 253, 52. 40.
F L T TOT: IN C L R : NdT CLR:
64
67 U
0 0
0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0 0
AVERAGES F B R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRBPB. N
STRATU, N
NUMBER UF BB:3ER. C L D PD5 BZ H 2 d H 2 S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I E X L d ALAT EXTN EXTS
(~655PA) 9/13/76 L H R I A D 369. 390. 272, 5 1 , 54, 40. 9/14/76 JFI< F K A 347. 3 6 9 . 2 4 8 . 52. 56. 42. 9/14/76 F R A J F K 355. 390. 2 2 6 , 53. 5 6 . 4 1 , 9/15/76 J F K L H R 331
.
49.
349.
53.
251
.
41.
9/15/76 L H R B B S 369. 3 9 0 . 230. 50. 53. 44, 9/15/76 BBS DTW 320, 351, 231, 4 3 , 4 3 . 43. 9/15/76 DTW B 6 9 344. 3 7 0 . 196. 42. 43. 42. 9/16/76 B 6 S L H R 3 1 7 . 369. 2 4 6 . 5 0 . 53. 4 4 . 9/16/76 LHR 00s 359. 389. 282, 53. 56. 44, 9/ 16/76 B 0 S DTW 371 , 390, 291 , 43. 43. 43. 9/16/76
DTW BBS 3 5 0 ,
42,
369.
43,
269. 42.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
69 69 0
0 0 0
46
0
46
0
0
0
0 0 0
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLK:
72 72
0
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45 0
0
0
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
77 77
0
50 50
0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0
0
0 0
0
63 0
0 0 0
42 42
73
0
48
73
0 0
48 0 8
0
0 0 0
F L T TOT: CLH: IN NUT C L R :
10
0
1Q
0 0
FLT T CLR: IN NUT C L R :
49 49
FLT TBT: IN C L R : NdT CLR:
71
FLT TgT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
10
0
10 0
0 0
FLT TBT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
10 1 0
0
0
0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R : FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R : F L T TOT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
63
0 11
11
0
0 71
0
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
6 6
0
0
0
0 0 0
0
32
0
0 0
32 0
0
0 0
0
0
0 3 9 0 39 0 0
0
0
0
0 0
6 6
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
6 6 0
0
O
0 0
0
0
0
8 0
0
0
0
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T 02 % T I C PATCHES PD5
RH
H2U
TRUPB. N
STRATU, N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER O F B B S E R . C L D P D 5 0 2 H2B H 2 S
D E P - A R R A V F L EXHI E X L O ALAT EXTN EXTS
(~655PA) 9/24/76
I A D L H R 351 .
49, 9/24/76
9/25/76
9/25/76
JFK F R A 3 3 7 .
40.
3 6 9 . 248. 52. 41.
.
F R A JFK 3 4 2 . 371 204. 50. 54. 41.
J F K FRA 3 4 8 .
50. 9/26/76
53.
LHR I A D 358. 369. 267. 48, 52, 40,
50. 9/25/76
390. 2 4 9 .
FRA JFK 334.
51.
370.
52. 350.
54.
245.
41. 240, 42.
0
43 43 0
0 0 0
80 80 0
0 0 0
51 51 0
0
0
0 0
0
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
73 73
0
0 0
O
0
48 48 0
0
0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
84 84
O 0
0 0
0
0
56 56 0
0
44 44 0
0 0
52 52 0
0 0 0
FLTTBT: IN C L R : N0TCLR:
68 68
0
0
FLTTdT: fN CLR: NBT C L R :
O
FLTT6T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
71
0
71 0
0 0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
81 81 0
0 0
0
0
O
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 O 0 0 0
0 0 0
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G l i T X T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
RH
H20
TRBPU. N
STRATO. N
lM/ID/lY
NUMBER tllF BBSER, CI-D P D 5 CIZ li2U H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I EXL0 ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T %TIC PATCHES PD5
(VH-EBE ) 11/19/76SFdHNL348, 30.
350, 2 7 1 , 37. 22.
1 1 / 1 9 / 7 6 H N L N A N 3 3 5 . 350. 2 0 7 , 1. 19. -17.
11/19/76
NAN S Y D 361 , -27.
11/21/76SYDSIN348. -18.
390, -19.
262, -33.
351. 260. 0. -34.
1 1 / 2 1 / 7 6 S I N B K K 3 3 8 . 350, 261, 8, 13, 3.
11/21/76BKKBAH326, 20,
11/22/76BAHFRA307, 38,
11/22/7GFRALHR241. 51.
11/22/76LHRBdM315. 37. 1 1 /'23/76
1 1 /23/76
350, 26,
310, 49,
241. 52.
330. 51.
237, 14,
214,
27, 241. 50.
261. 20.
BBM PER 3 2 6 . 3 6 0 . 2 5 3 . - 7 1 8 , -31.
PER SYD 3 4 5 . 3 7 0 . 2 1 0 . -34. -33. - 3 5 .
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
47 47 0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0,0
0 0
0
0
0,O
0. 0.
0,O
0.0 0.0 0.0
0
0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
64 64
0
0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0 , O 0,O 0.0
0. 0, 0.
FLT TOT: CLR: IN NBT CLR:
45 45 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 0 , O
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0.
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
81 81
0
0 0
0
0 0
0
0 0
0.0 0.0
0
0.0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: N6TCLR:
15 7 8
0 0 0
0
19.3
0 0
0.0 36.1
2.6 0.0 4.9
0, 0. 0.
FLTT6T: I N CLR: N0TCLR:
64 59
0 0
5
0
0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0
3.3 0.0 42.0
,3 0.0 3.4
0. 0. 0.
FLTTdT: I N CLR: NdTCLR:
59 41 18
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
9.8 0.0 32.1
1,3 0.0 4.3
0. 0.
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
6 5
0
0 0
0
0
O
1
O
0
0 0
0 0
.4 0.0 2.4
.3 0.0 2.0
0, 0. 0.
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
87
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0
1 6 4 0.0 59.5
1.2 0.0 4.4
0. 0. 0.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdTCLR:
88 57 31
0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
12.7 0.a 36,O
1-4 0.0 4.0
0.
0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
37 36
0
0
0
,O
0 0
0.0
.O 0.0 1.0
0.
0 0
63 24
1
0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
O O
O
0
0
O , Q
.8
0.0
0.0 0.0
0.
0.
0. 0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0. 0.
UZ
RH
H2d
TRBPB N
.
STRATB, N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBllR BF UB:3ER. C L D PD5 BZ M 2 6 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H l E X L d ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FOR THE FLIGHT % T IC PATCHES PD5 BZ
(VH-EBE) 11/24/76
11/23/76
SYD AKL 3 2 6 , -36,
AKL SYD 3 7 2 .
330, 265, -34. -37.
390. 307,
-36. -34. -37. 11/26/76
SYD NAN 3 0 2 . -26.
1 1 / 2 6 / 7 6 NAN HNL 3 4 3 . 2,
11/26/76
11 / 2 7 / 7 6
11/27/76
11/27/76
HNL SF0 325. 30.
NAN SYD 3 4 1 .
S Y D SIN 329.
37.
350. -19.
196. 22. 271 . 22.
BKK BAH 3 0 7 . 20.
269. -33,
350, 247. 1 . -33.
S I N BKK 3 3 7 . 3 5 1 .
8. 11/28/76
330.
HNL NAN 3 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 2 5 8 , 1. 19. -17.
-14.
11/28/76
255. -33,
370. 246. 20, -16.
SF6 HNL 3 4 7 . 3 5 0 . 30, 37.
-27. 11/28,'76
330. -19.
13. 310. 26.
246,
3. 211. 14.
FLTTbT: INCLR: NBTCLR:
21 18 3
0 0
0
0 0
0
0
5.3 0.0 37.1
.8 0.0 5.7
0.
Q
0
0
0
FLT TUT: I N CI-R: PldT CLR:
28 28 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0
0,O 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0, 0. 0.
FLTT0T: I N CLR: NBT CI..R:
31 15 16
0 0 0
0
0 0
0 0 0
37.5 0.0 72.7
3.1 0.0 5.9
0. 0. 0,
FLT TBT: INCLR: NOTCLR:
59 42 17
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
10.9 0.0 37.8
1.4 0.0 4.8
0. 0.
FLT TOT: INCLR: NOTCLR:
43 34 9
O
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
10,1 0.0
-7 0.0
48.3
3,4
0. 0. 0.
FLTTdT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
44 29 15
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
12.4 0.0 36.5
0.0
0
0 0 0
FLTT8T: INCLR: NBTCLR:
61 51 10
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
4,8 0.0 29.5
FLTTBT: I N CLR: N(3TCL.R:
40
0
0
0
0
32 8
0 O
0 0
O
0 0
11,8 0.0 59.1
5,3
0 , 0. 0,
FLTTOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
82 32 50
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0 0 0
28.7 0.0 47.1
2,7 0.0 4.4
0. 0 , 0 ,
FLTT0T: INCLR: NBTCLR:
15
0
0
O
0
0
0 O
0 0
0 0
35,3 0.0 66.3
2.7 0.0 5.1
0 ,
7 8
FLTTaT: INCLR: NBTCLR:
68 61 7
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
5.5 0.0 53,7
.4 0.0 3.6
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
O 0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0
0
,9 2.7
,5 0.0 3,2 1.1 0.0
0. 0.
0.
0. 0, 0, 0. 0. 0.
0, 0.
0. 0, 0.
RH
H26
TR0P0. N
NUMBER U F BBSER, CLD P D 5 BZ H 2 6 H 2 S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R AVFL E X H I E X L B ALAT EXTN E X T S
(VH-EBE) 11/29/76
BAH FRA 3 2 5 ,
37. 11/29/76
11/29/76
F R A L H R 240. 2 4 0 , 238. 51, 52, 50.
FRA
BAH
327.
38. 11/30/76
11/30/76
11/30/76
330. 49.
262. 27.
BAH BKK 301. 330. 2 4 0 . 19. 2 5 . 14.
BKK S I N 2 8 9 .
7, 11/30/76
350. 254, 49. 27,
S I N SYD 315. -18.
2 9 0 , 279.
11
b
3,
330, 2 1 1 , -0. -34.
S Y D MEL 3 4 1 , 3 5 0 , 2 9 5 . -36, - 3 5 , - 3 7 ,
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46 43 3
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
FLT TdT: I N C L R : NUT CLR:
62 54 G
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
14
0
I4 0
0 0
0 0 0
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
72 59
0
FLT TBT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
6
53
0 0
8
0
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NBT CLR:
7 2 5
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
FLTTUT: I N CLR: N6T CLR:
61
0
0 0 Q
0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
6
0
O
0
0
0 0
13
0
AVERAGES F U R THE F L I G H T % T IC PATCHES PD5
a2
RH
H28
TRBPB N
.
STRATO.
N
IM/iD/IY
NUMBER BF BBSER. CLD PD5 BZ H 2 8 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHl EXLd ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 62
RH
H219
TRUPU. N
STRATB.
N
(VH-EBE) 12/
1 / 7 6 MEL SYD 3 1 8 . 3 7 0 . 2 0 1 . -35.-34.-37.
12/2/76SYDNAN322, -26.
12/ 2 / 7 6
330, -19.
NAN HNL 3 4 4 . 3 7 0 . 2. 20.
201. -33,
255, -10.
12/2/76HNLSFB326. 30.
330. 37.
12/
350, 2 8 5 , 37. 22.
12/
12/
3 / 7 6 SFU HNL 3 4 7 , 30.
3/76
3/76
12/ 4/76
217.
22,
HNL NAN 2 9 5 . 31 0 . 2 5 7 . 1, 19, -17,
0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
.3.2 0.0 13.3
1 . 1
0.0
8
0 0 0
4.4
0. 0. 0.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
62 43 19
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
9.5 0,O 31.1
1,O 0.0 3.3
0.
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
46 30 16
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
18.4 0.0 52.9
1.3 0.0 3.8
0. 0. 0.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
48 34 14
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
16,5 0.0 56,5
.9 0.0 3,1
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
63 50 13
0 0 0
0
0 0
5.3 0.0 25.8
.6
0
0 0 0
0.0 2.8
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
6.4 0,O 44.5
0.0 5.4
0
O
0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.
O
6 6 0
0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
33 25
O
0 0
0
0
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
33
0, 0. 0,
0. 0. 0,
0. 0. 0,
0. 0. 0,
48
0. 0. 0.
0 , 0, 0.
0, 0 , 0.
0, 0. 0.
63 50 13
0 0
EX
O
W
25 8
0 0 0
0, 0 ,
34 14
O 0 O
NANSYD 3 0 9 . -27,
311. -19,
267, -34,
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
35 30 5
SYD MEL 3 3 4 . -36,
350. -35,
262. -37,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
8 8
0
0 0
O
0
Q
0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
79 48 31
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
12.0 0.0 30.7
1, 8 0.0 4.7
0, 0 , 0.
0. 0. 0,
0. 0. 0,
0 , 0 . 0.
79 48 31
0 0 0
FLTTOT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
15 5 10
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
19.3 0.0
0. 0. 0.
0. 0,
29,O
3.8 0,O 5.7
0. 0, 0 ,
0. 0, 0,
15 5 10
0 0 0
FLT TBT: IN CLR; NOT C L R :
94 94 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0.0 0,O 0,O
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0, 0.
12/ 4 / 7 6 MEL S I N 3 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 2 4 3 . -21.
12/4/76SINBKK337, 8.
12/ 4/76
0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: INCLR: NOTCLR:
BKK DAM 3 1 3 . 28.
-0.
-37.
350, 234. 13, 3.
350. 34.
236. 16.
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0
.8
0. 0. 0.
0. 0.
0,
P
TJ :
z
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER UF UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H2U H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
(VH-EBE ) 12/
5 / 7 6 DAM ATH 3 3 4 . 3 5 0 . 35. 37.
199. 34.
12/
5 / 7 6 ATW FCU 3 0 1 . 3 1 0 . 207 39. 42. 38
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR: FLT TOT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
12/ 5 / 7 6 FCU ATH 3 1 6 . 3 3 0 . 21 5 . 40. 41. 38.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
12/
5 / 7 6 ATH THR 3 2 2 . 3 3 0 . 2 7 5 . 35. 37. 34.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
12/
6 / 7 6 THR BKK 3 2 7 . 331 258. 25. 34. 14.
FLT' TUT : I N CLR: NUT CLR:
12/
6 / 7 6 BKK S I N 3 5 1 . 370. 249. 7. 12. 3.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
12/
6 / 7 6 SIN MEL 3 1 9 . 3 5 0 . 2 5 1 . -20. -0. -37.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
12/
6 / 7 6 MEL SYD 2 8 4 . 3 3 0 . 219 -35. -34. -36
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
.
12/ 7 / 7 6 SYD AKL 326. -36.
12/
330. 263. -34. -37.
7 / 7 6 A K L S Y D 3 4 3 . 3 5 0 . 244. -36. -34. -37.
12/ 8 / 7 6 SYD AKL 3 2 5 . 3 3 0 . 2 3 5 . -36. -34. -37.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
21 17 4
0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
26 22 4
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
21 12 Q
0 0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 0
0
6.6 0,O 34.9
1.O 0.0 5.0
0. 0. 0.
0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
5.9 0.0 38.5
-7 0.0 4.3
0. 0. 0.
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
8.3 0.0 19.3
1.0 0.0 2.4
0. 0. 0.
0 0
RH
H2U
TRUP0 N
STRATU N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER U F U B S E R . C L D PD5 U Z 1426 H 2 S
(VH-EBE) 121 8/76
A K L SYD 3 3 8 . -36.
350. -34.
238. -37.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
12/
S Y D PER 3 5 3 .
370.
260. -34,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NCjT C L R :
9/76
-33. - 3 2 . 12/
9/76
12/
9 / 7 6 BBM L H R 3 2 1 36.
PER BBM 3 2 4 . - 7
350. 18.
192. -31.
FLT TdT: I N CLR: N6T CLR:
.
350.
250. 19.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
12/10/76
L H R BUM 313. 330. 2 3 4 . 37. 5 1 . 20.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/10/76
BBM PER 3 2 8 . -7.
341. 18,
251. -31.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: Ndl' C L R :
12/11/76
PER S Y D 3 4 7 . -34.
370. -33.
241, -35.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
12/13/76
S Y D NAN 2 8 7 , -26.
290, -19.
218, -33,
FLT TgT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/13/76
NAN H N L 3 0 2 .
330. 20.
223, -16.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
332, 2 4 4 ,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: N B T CLR:
2. 12/13/76
HNL SF6 3 0 2 ,
30.
52,
37.
22,
12,/1 4 / 7 6 S F U HNL 3 5 7 . 3 6 0 . 2 7 1 30.
37.
.
22.
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
AVERAGES FUR THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
TRUPU. RH
H28
N
STRATU.
N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER UF UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H2U H2S
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT XTIC PATCHES PD5
a2
RH
TRUPU. H ~ U N
STRATU. N
(VH-EBE) 12/14/76HNLNAN337. 1.
350. 2 4 9 . 19. -17.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
59 31 28
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
31.5 0.0 66.4
1.9 0.0 4.0
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/14/76NANSYD344. -28.
350. 208. -19. -34.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
41 40 1
0 0 0
0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
.O 0.0 2.0
.O 0.0 1. O
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/15/76
12/15/76
12/15/76
12/15/76
SYD AKL 3 2 6 . -36.
330. 266. -34. -37.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
21 20 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 18.4
-1 0.0 3.0
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
AKL SYD 3 4 2 . -36.
351. 230. -33. -37.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
27 17 10
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
23.9 0.0 64.5
1.1 0.0 2.9
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0,
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
32 26 6
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
8.2 0.0 43.5
- 7 0.0 3.8
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
59
44 15
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
14.3 0.0 56.2
.7 0.0 2.9
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
SYD NAN 3 1 9 . -27.
330, -19.
245. -33.
NAN HNL 3 3 6 . 3 7 0 . 250. 2. 20. -16.
0 0
0
0
.9
0
o
12/16/76
HNL SFU 3 2 5 . 3 3 0 . 2 0 7 . 30. 37. 22.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
39 31 8
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
7.5 0.0 36.6
1.3 0.0 6.5
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/16/76
SFU HNL 2 8 1 . 31.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
47 42 5
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
5.5 0.0 52.0
.6
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0.
0.0 5.4
0.
0
0 0 0
0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
319. 257. 37. 22.
12/16/76
HNL NAN 2 9 8 . 31 0 . 2 3 8 . 1. 19. -17.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
62 51 11
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4.8 0.0 27.1
.8 0.0 4.3
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0, 0.
0. 0. '0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/16/76
NAN SYD 3 0 8 . -27.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NbTCLR:
41 32 9
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
8.7 0.0 39.5
.7 0.0 3.3
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
81 77 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
1. O 0,0 20.1
.I 0.0 2.3
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/17/76
310. -19.
SYD KUL 3 3 8 . 3 5 0 . -16. 2.
254. -34,
192. -33.
0 0
P
: m 21
u
H
X
m
lM/ID/IY DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L d
NUMBER U F ISBSER. CLD PD5 B Z H 2 0 H2S
A L A T E X T N EXTS
(VH-
EBE)
12/17/76 K U L M E L 366. 370. 241. -19. 2 . -37.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/16/76 M E L K U L 329, 350, 228, -17, 2 , -36,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/18/76 K U L S Y D 366. 390. 249. F L T T O T : -16, 2. -34. I N C L R : NUT C L R :
12/19/76 S Y D CHC 333. 350. 258, -39. -35. -43.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
12/19/76 CHC SYD 345. 350. 281. - 3 9 , -35, -43,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/20/76 SYD S I N 3 3 5 , 351 , -17. 1.
197, -33.
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NdT C L R :
12/20/76 K U L BAH 313, 350. 237. 16. 26. 4,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NaT C L R :
12/21/76 BAH BEG 301, 350, 199, 37. 44. 28.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
12/21 /76 BEG L H R 280. 280. 273.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
49.
52.
45.
12/21/76 AMS B A H 325. 330, 199, 27. 40. 5 2 .
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/22/76 B A H K U L 325. 330. 2 5 3 . 15, . 2 5 . 4,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
AVERAGES F6R THE F L I G H T % T IC P A T C H E S PD5
OZ
RH
H20
TRUPB. N
STRATB, N
I M / ' I D/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLB ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER UF BBSER. CLD P D 5 UZ HZ8 H2S
(VH-EBE) 12/22/76
12/23/76
12/23/76
12/23/76
S I N SYD 3 3 8 . 3 7 0 . 248. -17. - 0 . -34.
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
71 63 8
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: INCLR: NUT CLR:
33 5 28
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
NAN HNL 3 4 8 . 370. 255. 2. 20. -16.
FLT TOT: INCLR: NUTCLR:
59 44 15
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
HNL SFB 327. 3 3 0 . 2 5 9 . 30. 37. 22.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
46 30 16
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
.
SYD NAN 3 2 4 . 3 3 0 . 251 -27. -19. -33.
0
0 0
12/24/76
SFB HNL 3 4 6 . 3 5 0 . 2 5 4 . 37. 22. 30.
FLT TOT: INCLR: NUTCLR:
50 35 15
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/24/76
HNL NAN 3 4 6 . 3 5 0 . 219 2. 19. -17
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
63 41 22
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/24/76
NAN SYD 3 7 4 . 3 9 0 . 2 7 8 . -27. -19, -33.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
39 22 17
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
34 16 18
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
63 45 18
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
FLT TOT: INCLR: NBT CLR:
46 23 23
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
46 22 24
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
12/25/76
12/25/76
12/25/76
SYD NAN 3 2 3 . 3 3 0 , 2 1 4 . -27. -19. -33. NAN HNL 3 4 9 . 370. 2 6 0 . 2. 20. -16. HNL SFB 329.
30. 12/26/76
330. 269. 37. 22.
SFB HNL 3 4 8 . 3 5 0 . 275 30. 36. 22
0
0
0
0 0 0
0
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T IC PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRBPB. N
STRATB. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER U F U B S E R . C L D PD5 U Z H2U H 2 S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H l EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
(VH-EBE) 12/26/76
HNL NAN 347.
1.
350. 266. 19. -17.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/26/76
N A N SYD 3 7 0 . -27.
390. -19.
271. -34.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/27/76
SYD A K L 3 2 4 . -36.
330. -34.
248. -37.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/27/76
A K L SYD 3 0 9 . 3 1 0 . -36. -34.
274. -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
1 2 / 2 8 / 7 6 SYD M E L 3 3 5 . -36.
351 . -35.
290. -37.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/28/76
MEL PER 343. -35.
350. -33.
197. -37.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/28/76
PER BUM 3 3 4 . -7.
350. 251. 17. -31.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/28/76
BUM L H R 3 1 1 . 3 5 0 . 37. 52.
211. 19.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/29/76
LHR FRA 230. 51.
230. 51.
230. 50.
FLT TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/29/76
F R A B A H 31 4 . 38.
3 0 0 . 251
.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/30/76
49.
27.
B A H B K K 331 . 3 7 0 . 19. 25.
264. 14.
F L T TUT: CLR: I N NUT C L R :
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU . N
STRATU N
.
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER BF UBSER, CLD PD5 0 2 Id20 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H l E X L d ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T
%TIC PATCHES
PD5
(VH-EBE) 12/30/76
12/30/76
12/30/76
S I N SYD 334, -17.
S Y D MEL 328.
350.
12/31/76
12/13/76
12/13/76
12/14/76
12/14/76
12/14/76
MEL SYD 3 0 1 . -35.
330. -34.
J F K DFW 4 2 5 . 4 3 0 . 37. 40,
DFW HNL 4 1 3 . 4 3 0 , 31. 34.
PPT PPG 4 1 9 . 4 3 0 . -16, -15.
0
0 0
10.9 0.0 33.3
1.0 0,O 3.2
0. 0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0 0
1.1
0,O 3.7
. 3 0,O 1 .O
0, 0, 0.
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0
52 52
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
51 16 35
0 0
33
O
0
9
0
24
0 0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: N6TCLR:
25 16 9
0 0 0
16 10 6
FLT TOT: IN CLR: NUTCLR:
30
0
19 11
0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
53
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
72 71 1
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
7 5 2
0 0 0
0
FLT TUT: INCLR: NUT CLR:
6 6
0
0
0 0
0
FLT TUT: INCLR: NUT CLR:
32 32
0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
80 80
0
0
FLTTBT: INCLR: NUTCLR:
76 51 25
242. -37.
FLT TUT: INCLR: NBTCLR:
190. -36.
342. 34.
289. 22,
304. -17.
238. -17.
1211 5 / 7 6 PPG HNL 4 0 9 . 431 . 2 5 6 . 3, 20. -13.
12/15/76
0.
0 0 0
HNL PPG 4 1 0 . 4 3 0 . 2 9 4 . 3. 20. -13.
PPG PPT 4 0 2 . 4 1 0 . -16. - 1 5 .
0.0 0.0 0.0
0 0
15 15 0
350, 257, 0 . -34.
-36. - 3 5 .
0.0 0.0 0.0
0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
BKK S I N 3 5 8 . 3 7 0 . 2 6 7 . 7. 12. 3.
HNL DFW 3 3 7 , 3 4 0 , 2 4 8 , 30, 33. 22.
0
0
32 21
0 0
0 0 0 0
0. 0.
0,O 0.0 0.0
0.0
0,
0.0 0.0
0. 0.
0.0 0.0 0,O
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0. 0,
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0. 0.
0 0
33.9 0.0 49.4
1.1 0.0 1.7
0. 0. 0.
0 0
O
11.7
1.1
0
0.0
0.0
0
0
32.5
3.0
0. 0. 0.
19 12 7
14 6
11 5 6
13.5 0.0 36.9
1.1 0.0 3.1
0. 0. 0.
0 34 0 22 0 1 2
0
0 0 0
12.7 0.0 32.2
.8 0.0 2.0
0. 0.
0
0 0 0
0 0
0
0
0
48 48
0
0
8
0
O
0
0
.O
0
0.0 3,5
0
1 0.0 4.0
0.
0. 0. 0.
BZ
RH
H20
TRdPU N
STRATB
N
a
NUMBER O F 6B:SER. C L D PD5 d Z H 2 d H 2 S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 12/15/76 DFW J F K 327. 331. 271. 36, 39. 33.
F L T TBT; I N CLR: N0T CLR:
12/15/76 J F K S F B 346. 350. 209. 41, 43, 38,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/16/76 S F B A K L 386. 410. 277, 4. 37. -34.
F L T TOT:
IN
CLR:
NOT C L R :
12/16/76 A K L SYD 423. 430, 340. F L T T U T : -36. -34. -37. I N C L R : NUT C L R :
12/17/76 SYD A K L 402. 409, 321, -36. -34, -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/17/76 A K L S F U 385, 430. 269. 2. 37. -36.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
12/18/76 S F d A K L 366. 3 9 0 . 282. 1. 37. -36.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
12/18/76 A K L SYD 393. 410, 2 3 2 . - 3 6 , -34, - 3 7 ,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/19/76 SYD SFB 374. 431. 2 5 1 , 3 . 3 7 . -34.
FLT T d T : I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/19/76 SFU J F K 411. 430. 2 2 4 . 41, 4 2 , 38,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/20/76 J F K DFW 348. ,350. 31 8 . 37, 40. 34.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NQT C L R :
AVERAGES F d R THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHl EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER UF UBSER. CLD P D 5 UZ H2U H2S
(N533PA) 12/20/76
12/21/76
DFW HNL 3 4 7 . 32.
350. 38.
HNL PPG 4 0 3 . 4 1 0 . 3. 20.
190. 22.
196. -14.
FLT TUT: IN CLR: NUTCLR:
86 53 33
0 0 0
49 33 16
45 28 17
10 3
FLT TOT: IN CLR: NUTCLR:
56 40 16
0 0 0
36 28
8
46 35 11
14 6 8
7
12/21/76
PPG PPT 4 0 0 . -16.
410. -15.
297. -17.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
25 12 13
0 0 0
16 8 8
20 10 10
14 4 10
12/21/76
PPT PPG 4 2 7 . 4 3 0 . -16. -15.
347. -17.
FLT TOT: INCLR: NUTCLR:
27 11 16
0 0 0
17 8 9
0 0 0
0
FLT'TUT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
44 39 5
0 0 0
26 23 3
0 0 0
0 0
280 22
FLT TOT: IN CLR: NUT CLR:
66 66 0
0 0 0
45 45 0
0 0 0
0 0
12/21/76
12/22/7.6
PPG HNL 4 0 1 . 4 1 3 . 314 3. 19. -13
HNL DFW 4 2 6 . 29.
450. 33.
0 0
0 0
12/22/76
DFW JFK 4 3 8 . 4 5 0 . 37. 39.
314. 33.
FLT TUT: INCLR: NOT CLR:
24 24 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 O
0 0 0
12/22/76
JFK SFU 3 4 7 . 41.
240. 38.
FLT TOT: INCLR: NUTCLR:
56 17
0 0 0
2'7
39
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
134 112 22
0 0 0
22 21 1
0 0
0
0
FLT TUT: 1NCLR: NUT CLR:
23 21 2
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
12 10 2
0 0 0
6 6 0
0 0 0
0 0
12/23/76
12/23/76
12/24/76
350. 43.
SF0 AKL 3 7 7 . 4 3 0 . 1. 37.
AKL SYD 4 1 9 . 4 3 2 . -36. -34.
SYD AKL 3 9 9 . 4 1 0 . -36. -35.
250. -35.
312. -37.
284.
-37.
16 11
0 0
0
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5
z
RH
H28
TRUPU N
STRATU, N
NUMBER B F B B S E R . C t D PD5 UZ H 2 8 H 2 S
IM/ID/IY DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 12/24/76
12/25/76
SF6 A K L 3 9 1 .
0. 12/25/76
12/26/76
12/26/76
A K L SYD 4 2 1 . -36.
41.
12/27/76
JFK DFW 3 4 2 ,
37. 12/27/76
12/28/76
12/28/76
12/28/76
12/28/76
DFW H N L 3 3 9 . 30.
HNL PPG 3 8 5 . 3.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
141 100
41
0 0 0
93 65 28
0 0 0
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NBT CLR:
28
0 0
16 16
22
28 0
0
0
22 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
143
0
115
0
28
0
94 76 18
0 0 0
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NBT CLR:
46 37 9
0
32 25 7
35 27 8
350, 1 9 3 , 40. 3 3 ,
FLTTBT: I N CLR: N6TCLR:
32 20 12
0
21 11 10
0 0 0
351.
FL'T T 6 T : IN CLR: NOT C L R :
95 52 43
0 0
13
0
9
0
4
0 0
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NOT CI-R:
54
0
35
0
54
O
35
0
0
0
0
0
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
25
0
17
1
0
1
24
0
16
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N C L R :
29 7
0 0
0 0
NbTCLR:
22
0
19 5 14
FLT TbT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
46 29 17
0
30
0
19
0
11
30 24 14
-35.
450. 235. 37. - 3 6 . 430. -34.
411, 42.
34. 390, 20.
281. -37.
272.
-34. 202.
39.
269, 21.
198.
-14.
PPT PPG 4 2 4 , 430, 330, -16. -15. -17.
3,
0 0
O
330.
P P G P P T 4 1 8 . 430. 3 0 4 , -16, -15. -17.
PPG H N L 4 0 8 ,
1 16 81 35
0
SYD S F 6 3 7 7 . 4 1 0 . 37, -2.
SF6 JFK 4 0 4 .
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
74 53 21
A K L SF6 3 8 7 . 4 1 0 . 6. 37.
4 1 4 . 31 0 . 19, -13,
0 O 0 0
0 O
0
AVERAGES F6R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 02
RH
H2U
TRUPB. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER O F U B S E R . CLD PD5 RZ H2U H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H l EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 12/29/76
H N L DFW 4 2 1 . 31.
430. 35.
314. 22.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
12/29/76
DFW J F K 3 9 8 . 4 1 0 . 37. 39.
240. 33.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/29/76
JFK SF0 4 1 6 . 41.
434. 43.
316 38
F L T TOT: CLR: IN NUT C L R :
12/30/76
S F 6 AKL 3 7 9 . 1.
414.
259. -36.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
12/30/76
37.
AKL SYD 4 1 7 . 4 3 0 . -36. - 3 4 .
201
.
-37.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/31/76
SYD A K L 3 6 2 . -36.
3 7 1 . 207. - 3 4 . -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/31/76
AKL SFU 3 8 5 . 2.
412. 37.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
197. -36,
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T PD5 BZ % T IC P A T C H E S
STRATU. N
NUMBER U F UBSER. CLD P D 5 UZ I420 H 2 S
IM/ID/IY DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I EXLB ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T IC PATCHES PD5 dZ
(N533PA) 1/
I/
1/
0.
3,3
0 ,
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.
.2 0.0 3.3
0,
5
0 0
.0.0 0.0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
2,O
34,2
0
0 0 0
25,7 0.0 41.8
2.1 0.0 .2 0,O
1.1 0.0 4.5
0.
0.
1/77 AKL SYD 416. 437. 276. F L T T B T : -36. -34. -37. I N CLR:
17 17 0
0
5
0
2/77 S Y D SF6 400. 410. 330, 12. 36. -33.
0 ,
36 24 12
0 0 0
NUT CLR:
.4
0.0
91 115 80 100 15 11
1/77 SFB AKL 386. 410. 270, F L T T B T : 140 1, 37, -36, I N C L R : 122 18 NOT C L R :
5.4 0.0 42,O
0.0
0. 0.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: N6TCtR:
70
0
45
66
0
42
4
0
3
0 0 0
FLTTBT: I N C L R : NBTCLR:
75 29 46
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
FLT TOT: I N CI-R: NUT CLR:
11 10 I
O
0 0 0
0 0
0
0
0
, 5 0 , 0 5 , s
FLT TUT: I N C L R : NBTCLR:
8
0 0
0
0 0
0 , O
2
0 0 0
3.8
0
0 O
0
6
15,3
1/77 MNL S Y D 347. 396. 221. F L T T U T : -10. 13. -33, IN C L R :
76
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0
0 0 0
22.1 0.0 42,O
2.0 0.0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
25.3 0.0 53.3
2.5 0.0 5.2
0.
0 0 0
0
0 0 O
0 0
14.5 0.0 60,3
1.2 0.0 4.8
0. 0. 0.
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 0.
0 0 0
0 0
0
0.0
0
0
0
0,O 0 , O
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
0, 0,
(VH-EBE ) 1/ 1/77 SYD MNL 340. 351. 253. -11. 13. -33. 1/ 1/77 MNL HKG 341. 350. 283, 19. 21. 16, 1/ 1/77 HKG MNL 318. 330. 2 5 7 . 19, 21, 17, 1/
1/ 2/77 SYD CHC 301. 330. 257. -39. -35. -42.
NUT C L R :
36 40
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
10 9
19
2/77 CHC SYD 367. 390, 286. F L T T B T : -39. -35. -43, I N CLR:
25
NUTCLR:
,6
1/ 4/77 SYD MNL 337, 351, 257, F L T T U T : -11. 13. -33, I N C L R :
72
I/
1/ 4/77 MNL HKG 334: 350. 252. 19. 21, 1 6 .
19
NUT CLR:
72 0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
12 12 0
0
0
G 0
0 O
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
3.4
2,O
3.8
0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0,
0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0.
0.
0. 0. 0.
TRdPB
RH
H26
N
NlJMBlrR O F BBSER. C L D I'D5 BZ H2U H2S
IM/ID/IY DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLB ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FOR THE F L I G H T UZ % T I C PATCHES PD5
RH
HZ11
TRBPB. N
STRAT6. N
(VH-EBE) 1 / 4/77 HKG M N L 321 . 330, 263. 19. 21. 16, 1 / 4/77 MNL S Y D 343. 3 7 0 . 190. -9. 13. -33. 1 / 5/77 S Y D NAN 324. 330. 239. -26. -19. -33.
.
1 / 5/77 NAN HNL 344. 370. 251 2. 20. -16.
I / 5/77
HNL SFB 329. 3 3 0 . 3 0 1 ,
30.
37. ,22,
1 / 6 / 7 7 S F 0 HNL 348, 3 5 0 .
30.
37.
267. 22.
1 / 6 / 7 7 HNL NAN 292. 31 0 . 253.
1.
19. -17.
1/ 6/77 N A N S Y D 346, 350. 266. -27, -19. -33.
. 261 . -33. -32. -34.
1 / 7/77 S Y D PER 345. 351
1/ 7/77 PER BUM 324. 3 5 0 . 2 4 0 . - 7 , 18. -31. 1/ 7/77 BUM LHR 325, 3 5 0 , 2 0 6 , 37. 52. 19.
0.0 1 .O
0. 0. 0.
17,3
1.1
0.
0.0
0.0
0.
54.1
3.5
0.
.2
0
1.3
0 0
0.0 6.5
0
0 0
O
0
0
0
0
.O
.O
O
0
0 0
0 0
0.0 ,4
0.0 1 ,O
0 0 0
5.8
1 .O 0,O 3.8
0.
0.0 22.2
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0.
0. 0. 0,
0. 0. 0,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
10 8 2
0 0 0
FLTTBT: I N C L R : NBTCLR:
78 53 25
0 0 0
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NUT CLR:
35 34
0
0
1
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
FLTTOT: I N C L R : NBTCLR:
61
0
0
0
45 16
0
0 0
0 0
FLT'TUT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
43 26 17
0 0 0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
44 27 17
FLT TBT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
56 54
0
2
FLTTUT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
0
0. 0. 0.
0. 0.
0
0
0
0
0 0
16.8 0,O
1.4 0,O
0
0
0
42.4
3,5
0 0
0
0
0
17.5
1.3
0
0
0.0
0.0
0. 0.
0
0
0 0
0
45.4
3.2
0.
0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0.0 22.5
38 31 7
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
39
0 0
6
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NUT CLR:
87 74
0
0
0
0
0 0
0.0 18.8
0.
0
0 0 0
0.0
13
0 0
2.5
0.
F L T T € S T : 101 91 I N C L R : 10 NBTCLR:
0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
2.6 0.0
. 3 0.0
26.0
3.2
0. 0. 0.
33
0
0 0
1
0.
0.0 4.0
0. 0.
14,6
1,1
0,O
0,O
0, 0.
79,3
6,O
0.
7.0 0.0
0.0
45.8
3.7
- 8
2.8
,6
.4
0, 0. 0.
0.
0.
0
0.
43 26 17
O
0
; Z M
0. 0. 0,
44 27 17
0
::
0. 0.
0 0
3'
m
NUMBER
BF BBSER. C L D fJ05 BZ H 2 8 H2S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I EXLB ALAT EXTN E X T S
(VH-
EBE )
I/
8/77
LHR BBM 310. 370. 249.
37,
51,
20,
1 / 8/77 BBM PER 327. 3 4 0 . 227.
-7. 1/
17. -31.
9/77 PER SYD 364, 370. 275. -34. -33. -35.
PD5
0 0 0
0 0 0
12.5 0.0 53.9
1.1 0.0 4,7
0. 0. 0,
0 0 0
0 0 0
1.7
0
0 0 0
0.0 17.6
.3 0.0 3.0
0, 0, 0,
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
-0 0.0 1 .O
0. 0. 0.
66 20
FLT TUT: I N C L R : NUT CLR:
85 77 8
0
FLT
TBT: I N C L R :
37
NUT CLR:
1
36
% T I C PATCHES
0 0 0
0 0
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
86
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T
0
O
0
1
0.0 4,7
bZ
RH
H2d
TROP0, N
STRAT0, N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER €IF BBSER. C L D P D 5 b Z HZ6 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 1/ 2 1 / 7 7
1/22/77
JFK HND 381 . 4 1 0 , 2 7 7 . 54. 65. 37.
H N D L A X 407. 4 3 0 . 37,
1/22/77
1/23/77
1/25/77
1/26/77
HND J F K 388, 4 1 0 , 51. 60.
1/19/77
1/19/77
BAH
36.
J F K 359. 4 2 9 . 2 0 0 .
JFK
HND
57.
27.
HND 382. 430, 206. 62.
37,
L A X 4 0 1 . 430, 2 0 1 , 38, 40, 3 4 ,
SYD S I N 354, 3 9 0 . 2 6 0 . -17. 1 . -33. KUL BAH 3 3 8 .
12, 1/ 2 0 / 7 7
269,
JFK B A H 389. 4 1 1 , 283. 40. 46. 2 7 ,
54, 1/29/77
217. 33,
L A X H N D 388. 4 1 0 . 209. 47. 55. 35,
46 1/28/77
39,
BAH FRA 3 3 7 ,
38,
350. 2 2 2 , 25, 3, 351 , 277, 49, 27,
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NdTCLR:
148 1 4 8 145 145
94 123 93 122 1 1
0
0 0
3
3
94 94
94 94
61 61
78 78
0
0
0
0
0 0 0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
1 1 6 116 11'0 1 1 0 6 6
77
97
3
73
92 5
2
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
129 129 128 128 1 1
83 106 8 3 105 0 1
FLT TbT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
1 2 0 120
37 1 0 0 34 82 3 18
7
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUTCLR:
157 157
0 128 0 97 0 31
11
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
134 '134 134 134 0 0
0 113
0
0
113
0
0
0
0
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NdT C L R :
1 0 0 100 99 99 1 1
59
84 83
0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NCJTCLR: F L T TOT: I N CLR: N6TCLR: FLTTBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
98
22
98 22
120 120 37
37
4
58 1
1
0
0 0 0
7
4 7
1
0 0
76 54
76
50
0
0
54
34
22
22
16
0 0
0 0
79 79
79
49
0
79 0
49
0 0
0 0 0
63 54
41
0
54
0
0 0
9
9
35 6
O
0
0 63
0
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PO5 02
IM/IO/IY D E P - A R R
AVFL EXHI
NUMBER BF BBSER, CLD PD5 UZ H 2 8 H2S
EXLO
A L A T EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T % T IC P A T C H E S PD5 DZ
RH
H219
TROPO, N
$TkATB. N
(VH-EBE) 1/31/77
BAH F R A 3 2 8 . 38.
1 /31/77 F R A BAH 2 8 9 . 35.
350. 233, 50. 27. 292.
45,
239.
27,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NdTCLR:
66 60 6
66 60 6
37 34 3
0 0 0
0 0
FLT TBT: IN CLR: N6TCLR:
42 34 8
42 34 8
24
0
19 5
0 0
0 0
0
0
2.1 0.0 22,6
9.7 0.0 51.0
.4
0.0 4.5
.786E+04 154, .313E+02 164. .862E+05 40,
0.
0,
0. 0.
0.
60 54
6
0,
6
0
6
.6
.351E+05
52.
0.
0.
42
0
0.0
.324E+02 . 184E+06
52.
0, 0.
0.
34
0
0.
8
0
3.0
52.
IN/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER U F U B S E R . CLD PD5 U Z H2U H 2 S
(VH-EBE) 2/
1 / 7 7 B A H BKK 3 2 7 . 3 3 1 . 19. 25.
261. 14.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/
1 / 7 7 S I N S Y D 322. 3 5 1 . -17. -0.
237. -33.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/
2/77
M E L PER 3 8 3 . -35.
390. 2 9 1 . - 3 3 . -38.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/
4/77
MRU P E R 3 4 4 . -28.
370. 239. -21. -32.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/
6/77 S Y D A K L 323. 330. 2 4 8 . -36. - 3 4 . -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/
6/77 A K L S Y D 3 0 8 . -36.
310. -34.
272. -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
SYD N A N 3 2 6 .
-27.
330. -19.
250, -33.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2 / 1 1 /77
NAN HNL 3 5 7 . 1.
371 19.
254. -16.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/11/77
H N L S F 0 368. 3 7 1 . 295. 30. 36. 22.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
2/12/77
S F 0 H N L 3 4 8 . 350. 270. 30. 37. 22.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/12/77
HNL NAN 3 3 6 . 1.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/11/77
.
350. 2 2 0 . 19. - 1 7 .
AVERAGES F U R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPO N
STRATU N
IM/ID/IY
D E P - A R R A V F L EXHl E X L U A L A T EXTN E X T S
NUMBER U F b B 3 E R . C L D PD5 8 Z H 2 6 H 2 S
(VH-EBE) 2/12/77
N A N SYD 3 4 5 , 3 5 0 , 2 3 5 , -27. -20. -34.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
2/13/77
SYD S I N 3 4 1 . -17.
188, -33.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/13/77
S I N BKK 3 3 7 , 3 5 0 , 2 6 2 . 8. 13. 3,
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
2/13/77
BKK B A H 3 0 4 . 20.
310.
26.
193, 14,
FLT TdT: I N CLR: N a T CLR:
2/14/77
BAH F R A 3 1 6 . 41.
350. 49.
226. 30,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
2/14/77
F R A LHR 2 4 0 , 2 4 0 , 2 4 0 , 51. 52. 50.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/14/77
F R A BAH 3 4 7 . 38,
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
351.
1.
370. 49.
200.
2/15/77
B A H BKK 3 4 8 , 3 7 0 , 19. 26.
247, 14,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
2/15/77
BKK S I N 357, 3 7 0 .
229.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
7,
12,
27.
2,
2/15/77
S I N SYD 3 4 6 . -20,
370. 249. 0 , -34.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/15/77
SYD MEL 329.
351. -35.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
-36.
285.
-37.
AVERAGES F B R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H20
TRUP0, N
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER U F U B S E R . C L D PD5 U Z H20 H2S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(VH-EBE) 2/16/77
M E L SYD 3 3 5 . 3 7 0 . 271 -36. -35. - 3 6 .
.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/16/77
SYD M E L 3 2 0 . -36.
350. 227. -35. -37.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
2/16/77
MEL PER 382. 390. 244. -35. -33. -38.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/17/77
P E R MRU 3 3 1 . 3 6 1 . 2 2 7 . -28. -21. -32.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/17/77
MRU J N B 3 0 9 . 31 0 . 272 - 2 4 . -21 . - 2 6
FLT' TOT : I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/18/77
J N B MRU 3 3 8 . 3 7 0 . 2 5 5 . -24. -21. -26.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
2/18/77
MRU PER 3 6 0 . 3 8 0 . 21 8 . -28. -21. -32.
FLT T6T: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
2/19/77
P E R M E L 3 6 2 . 371 261 . -35. -33. -38.
2/19/77
M E L SYD 31 1 -36.
2/19/77
SYD N A N 3 2 4 . 3 3 1 . -26. -19.
2/19/77
N A N H N L 364. 2.
.
.
330. 259. - 3 4 . -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R : F L T TUT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
218. -33.
FLT T O T : I N CLR: NUT C L R :
371. 2 5 6 . 20. -16.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRBPU N
.
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMEER OF URSER. CLD PD5 UZ H26 H2S
(VH-EBE ) 2/19/77
HNL SFU 3 8 0 . 3 9 0 . 2 6 9 . 22. 30. 36.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/20/77
SF0 HNL 3 4 6 . 3 5 0 . 2 5 2 . 37. 2 2 . 30.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/20/77
HNL NAN 3 4 5 . 3 5 0 . 2 4 8 . 1. 19. -17.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/20/77
NAN SYD 3 2 5 . 3 5 1 . 2 1 3 . -27. -19. -34.
FLT TOT: I N CL-R: NUT CLR:
2/21/77
S Y D MEL 3 3 6 . -36.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/21/77
MEL S I N 3 6 1 . 3 9 0 . 2 6 5 . - 0 . -37. -20.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/21/77
S I N BKK 3 4 3 . 3 5 0 . 2 6 7 . 8. 12. 3.
FLT TOT: 1N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/21/77
BKK THR 3 2 8 . 3 4 9 . 2 5 2 .
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
26,
351. 282. -35. -37.
35.
15.
2/22/77
THR ATH 3 4 7 . 3 4 9 . 2 9 4 . 35. 37. 34.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/22/77
ATH FCB 3 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 2 6 5 . 39. 42. 38.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
2/22/77
ATH THR 3 2 6 . 3 3 0 . 2 6 5 . 35. 36. 34.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU . N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER BF UBSER, CLD P35 0 2 H 2 0 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H l EXLO ALAT EXTN EXTS
(VH-EBE ) F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
56 37 19
56 37 19
33
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
15 15
9 9
0
15 15 0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
73 58 17
FLT T U T : I N CLR: NOT CLR:
F L T TUT: 2/ 3 / 7 7 AKL SYD 386. 3 9 0 . 3 2 6 . - 3 6 , - 3 4 . -37. I N C L R :
2/23/77
2/23/77
2/24/77
THR BKK 339. 25.
BKK S I N 2 8 3 . 7. S I N MEL 3 1 4 . -20.
370, 260. 34. 15.
290.
12. 350. -0.
202,
2, 235. -37,
2/ 2 / 7 7 J F K SF0 4 2 1 , 4 3 0 . 1 9 6 . 43.
45.
38.
NOTCLR:
2/
2/
4/77
SYD AKL 3 9 6 , 4 1 0 . -36. -34,
213.
-37,
4 / 7 7 A K L SFU 377, 41 0 . 2 7 8 . 1. 36. -36.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
22 11
0 0
0
0
O
0
0
0 0
0
0 0
75 58 17
49
O
37 12
0 0
0 0
55 55
55 55
0 0
45 45
0
0
0
0
27
27 26 1
0
22
5
26 1
0 0
21 1
4 1
25 22
25 22
20 18
8
3
3
0 0 0
2
0
0 104 84 0 20
7 0 7
F L T TOT: 125 125 I N C L R : 101 101 24 NUT C L R : 24
0
0
0 1 1 0
8
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T % T IC PATCHES PD5 df
RH
H2U
TRUPU. N
STRATU.
N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER U F U B S E R . CLD P D 5 UZ H2U H2S
(N533PA) 3/23/77
B A H J F K 386. 410. 47. 58.
200. 29.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/25/77
HND L A X 3 9 3 . 4 3 1 . 2 0 8 , 47. 52. 35.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/26/77
HND J F K 3 5 2 . 46.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/28/77
J F K DFW 4 2 0 . 4 3 3 . 37. 40.
217. 33,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/28/77
DFW H N L 4 0 8 . 4 2 1 . 35. 30.
272. 21.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
3/29/77
H N L PPG 3 8 6 . 4.
31 5 . -13.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
3/29/77
PPQ P P T 41 6 . 431 -16. -15.
327. -17.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3/29/77
P P T PPG 416. -16.
431. -14.
218. -17.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
3/29/77
PPG H N L 4 0 4 . 4 1 0 . 3. 20.
234. -13.
F L T TUT: I N CL.R: NOT C L R :
3/30/77
H N L DFW 4 1 8 . 4 3 1 . 2 2 1 . 30. 34. 22.
F L T TBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
3/30/77
DFW J F K 4 0 4 . 4 1 0 . 37. 39.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
3 7 0 . 261 , 50. 41.
389. 20.
.
345. 33.
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
STRATU . N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L 6 ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER O F B B S E R . CLD P D 5 UZ H 2 6 H2S
(N53 3 ~ ~ ) 3/30/77
JFK
SF6 347.
43. 3/31/77
SFU AKL 3 8 3 . -3.
350. 45.
390.
37.
227. 38. 263 -9
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
FLT TOT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
58
58
57
57
1
1
18 10
18 10 8
8
0 0 0
48 47 1
0
14
0 0
7 7
2
2 0 13 6
7
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T % T IC P A T C H E S PD5 02
RH
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
4/
4/
4/
4/
4/
6/77
6/77
7/77
7/77
8/77
J F K JFK 3 8 3 . 45.
9/77
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0 0 0
117 115 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
F L T TUT: IN C L R : NBTCLR:
131
0 0 0
0
0
0
125 6
0 0
0
0
0 0
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
97 67 30
0 0 0
O
0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
151 150 1
0
F L T TBT: I N C L R : NUT C L R :
100 91 9
L A X HND 3 8 4 . 432, 2 6 1 , 50. 58. 35,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
HNO JFK 3 7 6 .
J F K HND 3 9 1 . 4 3 0 . 55. 65.
HND L A X 390. 4 1 0 . 40. 44.
410. 60,
J F K G I G 3 6 5 . 370. 8. 39.
278. 37,
236. 35.
206. 36. 196. -23,
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
390. 39.
260. -22.
FLTTBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
99
0
76 23
0 0
JFKHND348. 351. 53. 64.
216.
F L T T B T : 144 I N C L R i 1 3 3 NBTCLR: 11
0
FLTTdT: fN CLR: NUT C L R :
96 57 39
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
122 104 18
0
0 0
0
O
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: IN C L R : NBT C L R :
127
0
102
0
25
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
J F K 388. 9,
4/11/77HNDLAX368. 41.
370, 44.
36.
271. 34,
4 / 1 1 / 7 7 L A X HND 393. 4 3 1 . 290, 47,
4112/77
0 0 0
19 19 0
4/10/77GIG
4/10/77
431. 48.
255. 42.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
52. 4/
NUMBER UF d B S E R , C L D P D 5 UZ H2U H2S
D E P - A R R A V F L EXHI EXLCJ ALAT EXTN EXTS
HND J F K 3 4 7 .
46.
55,
370. 51.
35,
265, 36.
0 0
0
AVERAGES F 6 R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
TRBP6, RH
HZ0
N
STRATB N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER U F B B S E R . C L D PD5 UZ H 2 0 H 2 S
DEP-ARR A V F L EXHl E X L B A L A T EXTN E X T S
(N533P~) 4/13/77
JFK HND 3 8 6 . 4 3 1 . 54. 65.
4/14/77
HND L A X 3 6 7 . 3 7 0 . 205. 41. 45, 35.
F L T TUT: CLR: IN NBT C L R :
4/14/77
L A X HND 3 8 7 . 390. 286. 47, 55. 35.
F L T TUT: 1N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/15/77
HND J F K 3 7 7 .
410. 270. 60, 36.
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
4/16/77
J F K G I G 368. 3 7 1 , 2 9 1 . 9. 39, -21.
F L T T6T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/17/.77
GIG JFK 3 8 8 , 4 3 0 , 2 3 5 .
F L T TUT: I N CLR: N6T CLR:
52.
9. 4/17/77
40.
J F K HND 3 8 3 . 431 53.
,
64,
264. 37,
-22. 281
.
37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NdT C L R :
4/18/77
HND L A X 4 0 3 . 4 1 4 . 210. 46, 52, 35,
F L T TOT: f N CLR: NUT C L R :
4/19/77
L A X HND 3 9 5 , 4 3 2 , 200, 39, 43, 35,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: N6T CLR:
4/19/77
HND
JFK 3 7 4 , 390. 2 7 8 , 51.
4/20/77
59.
37.
J F K HND 3 7 8 , 4 1 1 . 2 7 6 . 53. 61. 37.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R : F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5
OZ
RH
H20
TRBPB . N
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER UF UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H2U H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHl EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 4/21/77
HND LAX 3 8 6 . 3 9 0 . 2 9 5 . 43. 48. 35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
92 88 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4/21/77
LAX HND 389. 4 1 1 . 2 9 8 . 50. 59. 35.
FLT TOT: 120 1 N C L R : l l l NUT CLR: 9
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4/22/77
HND JFK 3 6 8 . 3 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 50. 59. 36.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
135 113 22
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4/23/77
JFK G I G 3 8 1 . 4 1 0 . 271. 9. 39. -22.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
93 65 28
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4/24/77
G I G JFK 394.
410, 257, 39. -22.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
99 47 52
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
JFK HND 3 7 1 . 3 9 0 . 2 0 5 . 52. 61. 37.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
151 129 22
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
HND JFK 3 8 3 . 4 1 0 . 53. 83.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
134 113 21
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
92 83 9
0 0 0
0 0 0
97 75 22
59 47 12
0 0 0
0 0 0
8. 4/24/77
4/25/77
243. 36.
0 0
4/26/77
JFK HND 3 5 8 . 3 7 0 . 2 7 9 . 51. 59. 37.
FLT TOT: 145 145 I N CLR: 128 128 17 17 NUTCLR:
4/27/77
HND LAX 3 7 4 . 3 9 0 . 296. 40. 44. 35.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
4/27/77
LAX HND 3 7 5 . 4 1 1 . 2 0 0 . 51. 35. 45.
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
115 115 95 95 20 20
68 56 12
0 0 0
0 0 0
4/28/77
HND JFK 3 6 1 . 4 1 0 . 2 0 0 . 52. 59. 37,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
128 128 111 111 17 17
84 74 10
0 0 0
0 0 0
97 75 22
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 02
STRATU. N
NUMBER U F U B S E R . C L D PD5 0 2 H2U H2S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H l E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 4/29/77 J F K HND 374. 410. 218. 53. 63. 37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
148 148 148 148 0 0
96 96 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4/30/77 HND L A X 361. 370. 280. 41. 46. 35.
F L T TUT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
90 90 66 66 ,24 24
58
41 17
0 0 0
0 0 0
4/30/77 L A X H N D 390. 410. 287. 49. 58. 35.
FLTTUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
113 113 107 107 6 6
0 0 0
0 0 0
76 73 3
AVERAGES F U R T H E F L I G H T % T IC P A T C H E S PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU . N
STRATU N
.
IM/ID/IY
(N533PA) 5/
1/77
NUMBER B F BBSER. CLD PD5 0 2 H20 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L B A L A T E X T N EXTS
HND J F K 3 8 7 . 4 1 0 . 2 5 2 . 50. 39. 35.
FLT TaT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
5 / 2 / 7 7 JFK DFW 4 2 2 . 4 2 9 . 2 7 4 . 37. 40, 34,
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
5/
2/77
DFW H N L 4 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 3 2 6 . 31, 35. 2 1 .
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
5/
3/77
H N L PPQ 4 0 0 .
430. 2 6 0 . 20. -13.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
3. 5/
3/77
PPG P P T 3 9 8 . 4 1 0 . 2 6 5 , -16. -15. -17.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/
3/77
P P T PPG 423. 4 3 0 . -16, - 1 5 ,
255. -17,
FLT T B T : I N CLR: N0T C L R :
5/
3/77
PPG t i N L 4 0 5 . 4 1 0 .
275.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
3. 5/ 4/77
20.
-13,
t i N L DFW 380. 390. 2 4 7 . 30. 33. 2 2 ,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/
4/77
DFW J F K 41 5 . 4 3 0 . 329. 37. 39. 33.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: N0T CLR:
5/
4/77
JFK SFB 414. 4 3 5 . 242. 42. 43, 38.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT CL-R:
5/ 5 / 7 7 SF0 A K L 3 7 6 . 3 9 2 . 2 3 9 . F L T TOT: 1. 37. -36. I N C L R : NUT C L R :
AVERAGES FUR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 t3Z
RH
H2f3
TRUPU. N
STRATU N
IW/ID/IY
NUMBER UF UB:3ER. CLD PD5 8 2 H 2 8 H2S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H I E X L a A L A T E X T N EXTS
5 / 5 / 7 7 A K L SYD 3 8 2 . 391 . 2 4 3 . -36. -34, -37,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
5 / 6/77 SYD AKL 400. 410. -36. -34.
281, -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/
6 / 7 7 A K L SF0 3 8 1 . 4 1 0 . 2 5 7 , 5. 37, -36.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
5/
8/77 S F 6
JFK 389. 4 1 0 . 1 9 8 .
FLT TBT: IN C L R : NaT C L R :
41.
42.
38.
5 / 9/77 JFK DFW 41 7 . 4 3 0 . 2 6 4 . 37. 40. 33,
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
9/77
DFW HNL 4 0 5 . 4 2 0 . 2 2 4 . 32. 38. 22.
F L T TOT: 1N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/10/77
H N L PPG 3 9 8 , 4 1 0 , 3 1 3 , 4. 2 0 . - 1 3 .
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/10/77
PPG PPT 4 0 0 , 4 1 0 . 2 4 4 , - 1 6 . - 1 5 . -17,
FLT T U T : I N CLR: NUT C L R :
5/10/77
PPT PPG 4 2 1 . 4 3 0 . 2 9 9 . -16. -15. -17.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
5/10/77
PPG H N L 4 0 8 , 4 3 0 . 2 9 0 , 3. 20. - 1 3 .
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT C L R :
5/11/77
H N L DFW 3 9 3 . 4 1 1 , 3 3 9 , 34, 22. 31,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
5/
AVERAGES FOR THE FLIGHT % T IC PATCHES PD5 82
RH
H2U
TRUPU. N
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER F€ I UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H28 H2S
(N533PA) 5/18/77
HNL DFW 4 0 0 . 4 1 1 . 3 7 0 . 27. 32. 22.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
23 23 0
23 23 0
11 11 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/18/77
DFW JFK 4 0 4 . 4 1 0 . 3 6 7 . 37. 39. 33.
FLTTUT: INCLR: NUT CLR:
7 5 2
7 5 2
3 3 0
0
0 0 0
JFK SF0 3 9 6 . 4 3 0 . 42. 43.
241. 38.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
22 17 5
22 17 5
8 6 2
0 0
0 0 0
391 . 2 3 4 . 37. -36.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
58 45 13
58 45 13
31 24 7
0 0 0
0 0
5/19/77
AKL SYD 4 1 1 . 4 3 0 . 3 8 9 . -36. -34. -37.
FLTTUT: INCLR: NUT CLR:
11 7 4
11 7 4
7 4 3
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/20/77
SYD AKL 3 8 0 . 4 1 0 . -36. -34.
201. -37.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
13 12 1
13 12 1
8 7 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/20/77
AKL SF8 3 6 8 . 4 1 0 . 3 1 8 . -2. 33. -35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
52 38 14
52 38 14
33 23 10
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/21/77
SF6 AKL 3 7 6 . 3 9 1 . 3 3 7 . -2. 36. -35.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
66 56 10
66 56 10
46 38 8
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/21/77
AKL SYD 382. -36.
391. 281. -34. -37.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
14 14 0
14 14 0
4 4 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/22/77
SYD SFU 3 7 3 . 4 1 0 . 263. 1. 37. -33.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
55 45 10
55 45 10
34 29 5
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/22/77
SFU JFK 3 7 0 . 41.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
24 13 11
24 13 11
16 10 6
0 0 0
0 0 0
5/18/77
5/19/77
SF0 AKL 3 6 5 . -2.
372. 370. 38. 42.
0 0
0
0
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU N
.
STRATB. N
NUMBER B F BBSER. CLD PD5 UZ HZ8 H2S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I EXLB A L A T E X T N EXTS
(N533~~) 5/23/77 JFK BAH 384. 410. 214. 41. 4 8 , 27.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/25/77 B A H JFK 377. 4 1 0 . 194. 4 4 , 54, 28,
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
5/26/77 DTW L H R 393. 410. 270. 47. 5 1 . 42,
F L T TUT: !N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/27/77
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
L H R DTW 3 8 2 .
51.
391.
56.
216.
43.
5/28/77 B O S L H R 370. 370. 369. 47, 50, 4 3 ,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/28/77 L H R BdS 3 8 9 . 3 9 2 . 353. 53. 56. 44,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/29/77 BBS L H R 380. 390. 273. 50. 5 2 . 44.
FLT TdT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
5/29/77 LHR BBS 4 0 1 . 4 3 0 . 267, 53. 55. 44.
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
5/30/77 JFK L H R 397. 410. 3 3 8 . 49. 52. 4 2 .
FLT T U T : I N CLR: NOT C L R :
5/31/77 L H R J F K 408, 420, 320, 52. 5 6 . 4 3 .
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NIST C L R :
31 31 O
31 31
17
O
O
17
0 0 O
0 0
O
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I Q H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
STRATU ,
N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHl EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
6/
3 / 7 7 JFK HND 3 9 1 . 4 3 0 . 50. 60.
6/
4/77
NUMBER UF 8BSER. CLD P35 UZ H2U H2S
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIQHT %TIC PATCHES PD5 UZ
149 149 134 134 15 15
205. 35.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
HND LAX 3 8 9 . 4 1 0 . 2 5 7 . 39. 42. 35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
94 72 22
6/
4 / 7 7 LAX SEA 3 8 0 . 3 9 0 . 2 5 3 . 36. 47. 42.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
6/
9 / 7 7 S E A S F U 3 9 7 . 410. 271. 44. 48. 39.
RH
, 2 5 1E+04 2 7 6 . .149E+03 3 0 0 . .236E+05 8 8 .
98 87 11
0 0 0
0 0 0
3.6 0.0 36.2
.4 0.0 3.7
94 72 22
62 48 14
0 0 0
0 0 0
6.9 0.0 29.6
1.0 0.0 4.1
15 12 3
15 12 3
8 6 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
1.3 0.0 6.5
.6 0.0 3.0
.463E+02 . 165E+02 ,166E+03
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
17 15 2
17 15 2
10 9 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
4.7 0.0 40.2
-5 0.0 4.5
.188E+05 3 4 8 . . 190E+03 381 159E+06 5 2 .
. 131E+05
186. .319E+03 221 . .547E+05 6 7 .
.
42. 50. 20.
.
6/10/77
SFU LHR 393. 4 1 0 . 2 8 8 . 58. 67. 39.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
93 83 10
93 83 10
60 54 6
0 0 0
0 0 0
5.7 0.0 53.3
.3 0.0 2.7
.107E+05 4 4 4 . 180E+02 4 8 7 . .991E+05 5 8 .
6/10/77
LHR SEA 396. 4 2 9 . 63. 70.
283. 48.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
94 94 0
94 94 0
59 59 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
.306E+01 51 2 . .306E+01 5 1 2 . 0. 0.
6/11/77
SEA LHR 3 9 7 . 4 1 0 . 2 9 5 . 60. 65. 48.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
83 76 7
83 76 7
55 51 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
1.8 0.0 21.7
.3 0.0 3.4
.334E+04 431 . .345E+01' 4 5 9 . .396€+05 81.
6/11/77
LHR SFU 387. 4 1 0 . 267. 59. 69. 38.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
105 105 103 103 2 2
67 67 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
.2 0.0 11.0
1 0.0 3.0
.4336+01 4 2 6 . .217E+01 4 2 6 . . 116E+03 0 .
411. 64.
285. 38,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
94 83 li
94 83 11
63 55 8
0 0 0
0 0 0
2.9 0.0 25.2
.4 0.0 3.0
.664E+04 3 3 0 . .245E+02 355. .566E+05 1 5 8 .
LHR SEA 4 0 2 . 4 3 0 . 64. 73.
304. 49.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
90 88 2
90 88 2
59 58 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
.5 0.0 22.9
.O
0.0 2.0
.244E+03 4 2 4 . .352E+00 4 2 4 . . 1 1 OE+05 4 4 7 .
SEA LHR 3 9 0 . 41 1 . 58. 64.
249. 48.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
89 85 4
89 85 4
56 54 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
2.5 0.0 56.5
0.0 4.5
6/12/77SFULHR394. 54.
8/12/77
8/13/77
.
.2
.223E+05 389. 401 . .496E+06 5 0 .
. 147E+02
H2U
TRUPU N
.
STRATU . N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER UF BBSER, CLD PD5 0 2 H26 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLCJ ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 6/13/77
6/17/77
6/17/77
6/18/77
LHR SF0 394. 4 1 0 . 2 1 2 . 61, 73, 39,
SFU LHR 396, 4 1 0 , 54. 62.
LHR SEA 3 8 7 . 62,
SEA LHR 3 7 7 ,
63, 6/18/77
6/19/77
6/20/77
6/20/77
6/21 /77
6/21/77
195. 48,
391 , 269, 68. 51.
LHR SFB 3 9 6 . 4 1 0 . 2 4 2 . 56. 62. 39.
SF0 LHR 392, 4 1 1 , 2 5 0 , 58, 6 7 , 39.
SEA LHR 3 9 1 . 4 1 0 . 64. 69,
LHR SF0 387. 58.
356. 53.
393. 67.
194.
SFU LHR 3 9 2 , 4 1 0 . 53. 60,
275.
LHR SEA 4 0 0 ,
195, 49,
62, 6/22/77
391. 69,
306, 38.
430,
68,
SEA LHR 3 9 4 . 4 1 0 . 62,' 69,
38,
38,
289. 48,
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
111 111 109 109 2 2
73 72 1
0 0
FLT TUT: 1 N CLR: NUT CLR:
106106
67 64 3
0
0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: IN CLR: NOT CLR:
100 100 98 98
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0 0
0
70 2
0
0
65 61 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TdT: IN CLR: NUT CLR: FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
95
95
11
11
2
2
66 65 1
83 81 2
83
56
81
54 2
2
112 112 108 108 4 4
72
0 0
0 0 0
0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
98 89 9
98
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NUT CLR:
78 77 1
78 77 1
44
0
44 0
0
0
0 0 0
110 110 96 96 14 14
74
65 9
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
89 9
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
94 76 18
94 76 18
60 47 13
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NBTCLA:
96 95 1
96 95 1
61 60 1
0
0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
89
89 89 0
60 60 0
0
0
0
0 0
89 0
0
0
AVERAGES FBR THE FLIGHT UZ %TIC PATCHES PD5
RH
H2d
TRUPd . N
STRATB N
.
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER OF UBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H2U H2S
(N533PA) LHR SFU 3 8 4 . 4 1 0 . 58. 67.
263. 38.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
71 70 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
6/
1 / 7 7 JFK HND 3 8 8 . 4 3 0 . 53. 65.
349. 37.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
46 43 3
0 0 0
16 15 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
6/
2 / 7 7 HND JFK 3 8 2 . 4 1 0 . 46. 50,
345. 37.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
29 26 3
0 0 0
13 12 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
6/19/77
LHR SEA 4 0 2 . 4 3 0 . 3 0 1 . 59. 62. 52.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
67 67 0
67 67 0
38 38 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
6/25/77
SEA LHR 3 9 2 . 4 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 61. 67. 49.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
92 92 0
92 92 0
6/25/77
LHR SFU 3 8 5 . 4 1 0 . 62. 77.
190. 35.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
6/26/77
SF0 LHR 3 8 5 . 4 1 1 . 291. 58. 67. 39.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
95 87 8
0 0 0
6/26/77
LHR SEA 4 0 1 . 4 3 0 . 65. 77.
185. 48.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
90 90 0
0 0 0
6/27/77
SEA LHR 3 9 3 . 4 1 0 . 2 9 9 . 60. 67. 48.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
89 88 1
0 0 0
6/27/77
LHR SF0 381. 4 1 0 . 2 5 4 . 60. 70. 38.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
114 107 7
0 0 0
6/28/77
SFU LHR 384. 4 1 0 . 2 4 1 . 57. 65. 39.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
99 97 2
0 0 0
6/22/77
111 111 110 110 1 1
106 106 99 99 7 7
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU N
STRATU. N
NUMBER U F U B S E R . CLD PD5 B Z H 2 8 H2S
IM/ ID / IY D E P - A R R AVFI- E X H l E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 6/28/77
6/29/77
6/29/77
LHR SEA 3 8 7 . 4 1 0 . 3 0 4 . 64. 73. 49. S E A L H R 395. 4 1 0 . 57. 61. LHR S F B 3 8 5 . 4 1 0 . 60. 69.
296. 48.
220. 39.
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
89 86 3
0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLTTBT:107 I N C L R : 95 NUTCLR: 12
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
97 92
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
5
0
6/30/77
S F B A K L 370. 1.
392. 240. 37. - 3 6 .
F L T TOT: 1 3 6 I N C L R : 1 0 3 NUT C L R : 33
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
6/30/77
A K L SYD 4 2 2 . -36.
430. -34.
F L T TOT: I N C L R : NBT CLR:
29 29 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
364. -37.
0 0
AVERAGES F B R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H20
TRBPB . N
STRATB. N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR
NUMBER B F B B S E R . C L D PU5 b Z H 2 6 H2S
A V F L EXHl E X L B ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N53 3PA) 7/
1 /77
. 370. 244, F L T T B T : -36, -34, -37, I N C L R :
SYD A K L 361
NOT C L R :
7/ 1/77 A K L SFB 388. 420. 293. 3. 37. -36.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
7/ 2 / 7 7 SFU A K L 367, 390, 270, F L T T O T : - 0 , 37, -36, 1 N C L R : NOT C L R :
2/77 A K L S Y D 423. 430. 324, -36. -34. -37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
7 / 3/77 SYD S F 8 392, 430, 202.
37. -34.
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
7 / 3 / 2 7 SF0 J F K 407. 410. 318. 41. 42, 38.
F L T TOT: t N CLR: NBT CLR:
7/
1.
7/
4/77
J F K HND 395. 430. 256. 55. 65, 37#
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
7/
5 / 7 7 HND L A X 3 9 3 . 429. 213.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
42,
46,
35,
7 / 5 / 7 7 L A X HND 386. 391 . 1 9 7 . 49. 5 5 . 36,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
7 / 6/77 HND J F K 384. 411. 2 7 9 . 47, 5 1 , 36,
FLT TUT: I N CLR: N B T CLR:
7/
FLT TbT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
7 / 7 7 J F K CPH 400. 4 1 1 . 303. 53. 58. 41,
AVERAGES F B R T H E F L I G H T UZ % T I C PATCHES PD5
RH
HZ8
TRBPU ,
N
STRATB . N
IM/ID/IY
€ I dBSER. NUMBER F C L D PD5 BZ H26 H2S
DEP-.ARR AVFL EXHI EXLB ALAT EXTN EXTS
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT % T IC PATCHES PD5 OZ
RH
H28
TRUPU. N
(N533PA) 7/
7/77
CPH JFK 4 0 7 .
55. 7/
430. 200, 60. 41.
8 / 7 7 JFK H N D 3 7 6 , 4 1 0 , 2 4 8 , 53. 65. 37,
7 1 9 / 7 7 HND L A X 3 9 3 . 4 1 0 . 2 8 1 . 42. 47. 35. 7/
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NClTCLR: FLTTUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR: FLTTBT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
0
3.1
0.0
135 135 128 128
86
0 0
0
.8 0,O 16.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
,
7
7
82 4
Q
7/11/77
7/12/77
711 ' 4/77
JFK BAH 3 9 4 . 4 1 1 , 278. 42. 48. 28.
90
61
0
0
78
78
52
12
12
9
0 0
0 0
2.9 0.0 22.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
. 155E*05 177, .119E+04 1 8 7 . . 108E+06 1 2 0 .
0, 0. 0.
0. 0, 0.
58 5
0
0 0 0
3.6 0.0 24.7
0,O 0.0 0.0
. 140E+04
.156E+05 1 3 9 . 147. . 9 8 4 € + 0 5 98.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
116 99 17
0 0 0
6.9
0.0
32,5
0,O 0.0 0,O
.310E+05310. .478E+03 3 5 7 , . 145E+O6 7 3 .
0. 0, 0.
0. 0. 0,
35 24
0,O 0.0 0.0
0,O 0,O 0 , O
,206E+03 2 9 6 , .206E+03 296. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0.
. I
46 46 0
0
0
72 0
0
0 0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
79 75
79 75 4
52 50 2
0 0 0
0
.287E+03 3 2 3 . .372E+02 3 3 3 , ,497E+04 8 0 .
0.
0.0 2.4
0.0 0,O 0.0
0.
0 0
0, 0,
0, 0.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
100 100 84 84 16 16
67 57 10
0 0
0 0 0
6,7 0.0 41.7
0.0 0.0 0.0
124€+05 200. .554E+02 2 1 9 . .772E+05 9 5 .
.
0. 0. 0,
0. 0. 0.
138 '138 134 134 4 4
90
0
87 3
0 0
0 0 0
1.5 0.0 53,4
0.0 0,O 0.0
.231E+04 2 5 7 . , 140E+03 2 5 9 , .750E+05 2 0 7 ,
0 , 0 ,
0.
0, 0, 0.
85 83 2
85 78 7
54 50 4
0 0
0 0 0
3.3 0.0 40.5
0.a 0.0 0.0
.727E+04 2 9 8 . .207E+03 31 5 . .860E+05 8 3 .
0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0.
39 32
111 111 80 80
76 5.4 22
0 0 0
8.8 0,O 31.5
0.0 0.0 0,O
.511E+05 1 7 1 , .205E+03 2 0 7 , . 182E+06 82,
0. 0, 0,
0,
0, 0.
90 60
JFK HND 3 5 0 , 3 7 0 , 54, 65,
205,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
376. 4 1 1 , 4 7 , . 51.
260.
35.
29 29 0
72
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
JFK
59
72 72 0
203, 27,
711 5 / 7 7 HND
0
63
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
BAH J F K 3 8 2 . 4 3 0 . 46. 55.
36,
0 0
0.
90
0 0
CPH JFK 391 . 4 3 0 , 2 9 3 , 54, 58, 42,
42 36 6
0
85 71 14
7/11/77
0.
0. 0. 0.
0
133 133 105 105 28 28
41.
0. 0.
0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
288.
156E+04 3 8 1 . .947E+02 3 9 4 . .283E*05 1 0 7 .
0.
0. 0.
HND JFK 3 7 8 . 4 1 0 . 51. 60,
370. 63.
3
0,O
0.0
0 0
JFK CPH 3 6 8 . 57,
6
,1
0.0
74 62 12
7/11/77
9
0. 0.
0 0
116 116 99 99 17 17
36,
0.
0.
0
0
FLTTBT: IN CLR: NOT CLR:
210.
0.
0
0
9 / 7 7 LAX H N D 3 7 6 . 4 1 0 , 2 6 1 . 35. 43. 49.
7/10/77
0. 0, 0.
0 0
75 72 3
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOTCLR:
4
85 78 7
31
31
0
0
0 0
0 0
0,
25 21
4 9 0 9
7
30
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER BF UBSER, 0 2 1426 H 2 S
DEP-ARR A V F L EXHl EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
C t D PD5
(N533PA) 7/16/77 J F K CPH 394, 410. 296.
49.
54.
41
*
7/16/77 CPH J F K 380. 391, 304, 57. 63. 42. 7/17/77 J F K HND 380. 432. 217. 55. 66. 37, 7/18/77 HND LAX 374. 390. 284. 45. 5 1 . 35, 7/18/77 LAX HND 365. 390. 285.
38.
38,
35.
7/19/77 HND JFK 381. 410. 211. 47. 53. 35.
7/28/77 JFK HND 397, 431, 289, 53. 63. 37.
F t T TUT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
40 37 3
40
25
37
24
0 0
3
1
0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
80 78
80 78
0
0 0
2
2
54 53 1
0
0
88 78 10
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NBTCLR:
143 143 130 130 13
13
0
0 0 0
53
53
43
43
10
10
36 29 7
FLT ' T U T : I N CLR: NdTCLR:
49 43
31 27 4
o
o
6
49 43 6
0 0
0 0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBT CLR:
124
124
89 35
80 58 22
O
89
0 0 0
FLTTUT:
118118
71
0
CLR: 109 '109
67
0
4
0
FLT TdT: IN C L R : NUT CLR:
IN
NOT C L R :
35
9
9
0 0
0 0 0
AVERAGES FUR THE F L I O H T % T I C PATCHES PD5
TRBPb.
BZ
RH
HZ6
N
STRATB N
IM/ID/IY
8/16/77
JFK HND 379. 4 3 1 . 225. 54.
8/17/77
8/17/77
8/18/77
8/19/77
8/20/77
8/20/77
8/21/77
8/22/77
8/22/77
65.
HND L A X 3 8 8 . 4 1 2 , 42. 45.
L A X HND 3 7 3 . 45.
37. 280. 35.
390. 203. 52. 3 5 .
HND JFK 3 8 3 . 4 1 1 . 3 1 3 . 54. 67. 37, J F K HND 3 8 1 . 54,
430. 273, 63, 37,
HND L A X 3 9 2 . 4 1 1 . 40. 43. L A X HND 3 6 5 . 3 7 0 . 48. 55.
281, 35.
209, 35,
HND J F K 3 8 0 . 4 1 1 . 258, 54. 67. 36, J F K CPH 3 9 6 . 4 1 1 . 313. 51, 5 6 , 41,
CPH J F K 3 9 8 . 4 1 1 .
56. 8/23/77
NUMBER UF UBSER. CLD P D 5 CJZ H 2 0 H 2 S
DEP-ARR A V F L E X H l E X L a ALAT EXTN EXTS
62.
200. 41,
JFK B A H 3 9 7 , 4 1 1 , 2 8 6 , 43, 50, 28,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: N6T CLR: FLTTBT:. I N CLR: NBT C L R : F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR: F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R : F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
138 138 112 112
86
0
0
72
0 0
0
26
26
14
0 0
97 71
97 71
61 45
0 0
26
26
16
0
113 113 85 85 28 28
74 58 16
0 0
0
0
0
0
98 89
0 0
0
98 89 9
49 48
0
0 0
1
0
0
148 148 139139 9 9
79 75 4
0
0
0 0
0 0
9
84 66 18
52 42 10
0
0
0 0
0
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
105 105 99 99
68 66
0
6
2
0
0 0 0
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
123 123 1 0 6 106 17 17
54 51 3
0
0
0
0
0
0
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOTCLR:
84 66 18
6
0
0
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
64 61 3
64 61 3
42 41 1
0 0
0 0
0
0
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
76 76
76 76 0
50 50
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
119 119 115 115 4 4
8.1 79
0 0
2
O
FLTTBT: I N CLR: NdT C L R :
0
0 0 0
AVERAGES FUR THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H28
TRCJPCJ. N
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
NUMBER UF UBSER. CLD P35 UZ H28 H2S
(N533PA) 8/24/77
BAH JFK 3 8 6 . 4 3 0 . 2 4 6 . 46. 57. 27.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
145 145 145 145 0 0
95 95 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/25/77
JFK HND 3 8 1 . 4 3 0 . 2 4 3 . 53. 65. 37.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
141 141 120 120 21 21
93 82 11
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/26/77
HND LAX 3 8 4 . 4 1 1 . 42. 47.
274. 35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
87 57 30
51 37 14
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/26/77
LAX HND 3 7 9 . 4 1 1 . 46. 55.
236. 35.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
116 116 103103 13 13
74 64 10
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/27/77
HND JFK 363. 4 1 1 . 237. 44. 50. 35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
106 106 89 89 17 17
67 56 11
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/28/.77
JFK HND 3 8 5 . 4 3 0 . 2 5 8 . 52. 60. 37.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
140 140 135 135 5 5
92 88 4
0 0 0
0
8/29/77
HND LAX 3 9 1 . 4 1 0 . 42. 47.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
91 86 5
57 53 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/29/77
LAX HND 384. 4 1 0 . 206. 55. 35. 47.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
108 108 102 102 6 6
70 65 5
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/30/77
HND JFK 3 9 6 . 4 3 0 . 266. 45. 50. 36,
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
115 115 97 97 18 18
73 61 12
0 0 0
0 0 0
8/31 /77
JFK HND 3 8 9 . 4 3 0 . 271 55. 65. 37.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
137 137 127127 10 10
92 87 5
0 0 0
0 0 0
261 35
.
87 5'7 30
91 86 5
0 0
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIOHT % T IC PATCHES PD5 U2
RH
H2U
TRUPU N
.
STRATU N
.
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I E X L B
NUMBER O F U B S E R . CLD PD5 0 2 HZ0 H 2 S
A L A T EXTN EXTS
(N533~~) 9/
9/77
J F K CPH 375, 4 1 0 , 53. 56.
216, 42.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
9/
9 / 7 7 CPH JFK 402. 4 3 0 .
207. 41.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: Nt3T C L R :
9/10/77
J F K HND 3 7 9 , 4 3 0 , 2 6 7 , 55. 65. 37,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: N0T CLR:
9/11/77
HND L A X 3 8 8 , 4 1 0 , 45. 50.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
56.
9/11/77
L A X HND 3 8 2 . 41.
62.
278,
35.
390. 2 5 4 . 35, 45.
FLT ' TOT :
IN CLR: NOT C L R :
9/12/.77
HND JFK
9/13/77
J F K HND 3 8 9 . 4 3 0 . 55. 67.
277. 37,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
9/14/77
HND L A X 398. 4 3 0 . 46. 55.
250. 35.
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
9/14/77
L A X HND 3 9 1 39,
4 3 0 . 290. 42, 35,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
9/15/77
HND J F K 3 8 2 . 53.
410. 62.
273. 36,
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
9/16/77
J F K HND 3 7 7 . 50,
410, 60,
216, 35,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: N€lT C L R :
384. 41 0 . 204. 52, 60. 36.
.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
AVERAGES F0R THE F L I Q H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 dZ
NUMBER B F BBSER, CLD P D 5 d Z H 2 6 H2S
IM/IDlIY DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L B ALAT E X T N E X T S
AVERAGES F 8 R THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PO5 bZ
RH
H2b
TRBPB. N
STRATB. N
( N 5 33PA) 9/27/77
9/27/77
9/28/77
9/28/77
9/28/77
BUS DTW 3 8 5 , 4 3 0 , 43, 43,
DTW B 0 S 328. 3 3 0 . 42. 43.
BBS LHR 403. 4 1 0 . 50. 53.
LHR JFK 3 9 7 . 4 1 0 . 53. 5
JFK S f d 419.
40. 9/29/77
9/29/77
9/30/77
9/30/77
311. 42.
234.
43, 268. 42.
430:231. 40. 38.
S F U AKL 3 8 1 , 4 1 0 , 2. 37.
AKL SYD 3 6 9 , 3 9 1 , -36. - 3 4 .
SYD AKL 404. -36.
231, 43,
412, -34.
322, -36.
245. -37,
319, -37.
AKL SF0 3 9 3 . 4 1 3 . 2 6 8 . 2, 3 7 , -36,
FLT TOT: I W C L R : NbT CLR:
8
0
5
0
0
8
0
5
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
FLTTUT: I N C L R : NUTCLR:
9 9 0
0
5 5 0
0
0
0 0
0
FLTTOT: I N C L R : NBTCLR:
49 48 1'
0 31 0 3 1
0
0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
76 76 0
0 0
FLTTBT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
0,O 0.0 0,O
0.0 0,O 0.0
0. 0.
0
0,O 0.0 0.0
0,O 0.0 0.0
0
0 0
0.0
0
0
0
10.2
49
0
49 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0,O 0.0 0.0
54 53 1
0 0 0
34 34 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0,O 2.0
FLTTOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
132 114 18
0
80 71 9
0 '0
0
0
0
3.5 0.0 25.6
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
21 20 1
0
13 12 1
0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
,O 0.0 ,4
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NbTCLR:
22
0
0
0
14 14
0
21 1
0
0
,2 0.0
0
0
0
0
3.5
0 74 0 6 8 0 6
0 0
0
F L T T O T : 11 6 I N C L R : 1 0 4 NdTCLR: 12
0 0
0 0
0
0
0 0
-2
,0
2.7 0.0 26.6
0, 0.
2 2
0.
0
0. 0. 0,
0, 0. 0.
9 9 0
0
167. 167. 0.
0. 0.
0. 0.
40
9,
0,
9 8 1
208.
0. 0. 0.
0. 0.
17 17
59
0.
0
152. .152. 0.
0. 0. 0,
0.
1 1 0
21 20
59. 60. 41.
0.
0.
0.
0.
105 94 11
11 10
138, 138. 0.
0,
0. 0. 0.
124 124,
1 0.0 3.0
0. 0. 0.
0.0 0.0 0,O
0. 0. 0.
,O 0.0 1 .O
0. 0. 0.
4 0.0
0, 0. 0,
3,3
,O
0.
208.
0.
6
6 0 0 0 40 0
59 0
0,
0,O 1,O
0.
,4 0.0 8.0
0, 0. 0.
0,
.2
0.
0.0
0, 0.
1.8
0,
0. 0.
0.
0.
0.
4.
1
1
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER B F BBSER. CLD PD5 UZ H28 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHl EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
10/
1 / 7 7 SFB AKL 373. 3 9 0 . 2 3 2 , 37, -36. -1,
FLT TdT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
10/
1 / 7 7 AKL SYD 4 0 4 . 4 1 1 , -36, -34.
327. -37.
F L T TBT: I N CLR: N6T CLR:
238,
F t T TUT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
101' 2 / 7 7 SYD SF0 376
410, 37.
-34.
10/
2 / 7 7 SF0 JFK 3 8 4 . 4 1 0 . 40, 41,
315. 38.
FLT T0T: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
10/
3 / 7 7 JFK HND 382. 4 3 0 . 2 0 9 , 65, 37, 54
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
0
304, 35,
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NdT CLR:
10/28/77
SFU LHR 3 8 4 . 4 3 0 . 2 9 0 , 88. 40. 66.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
10/29/77
LHR CPT 383. 4 3 0 . 283. 50. -33. 8.
FLT TBT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
10/29/77
CPT A K L 3 8 4 , 4 3 0 , 3 0 7 . - 6 4 . -36. - 8 8 ,
FLT T O T : I N CLR: NBT CLR:
10/30/77
AKL SF0 3 9 3 . 4 1 0 . 3 1 5 , -0, 35. - 3 5 .
FLT TOT: I N CLR: Ne[T CLR:
10/17/77
JFK HND 3 8 8 , 4 3 1 . 65. 54,
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
10/ 4 / 7 7 HNO L A X 4 0 0 , 4 1 0 . 48, 43.
190. 37.
AVERAGES FBR THE FLIGHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 02
RH
H28
TRBPU. N
STRATU ,
N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER UF UBSER. CLD PD5 BZ H20 H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL EXHI EXLU ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N533PA) 0 50 0 4 3 0 7
0 0 0
0 0 0
122 122 0
0 0 0
82 82 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
62 56 26
0 0 0
52 38 14
0 0 0
0 0 0
F L T T U T : 119 IN C L R : 1 1 7 NUT CLR: 2
0 0 0
80 78 2
0 0
0
0 0 0
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
116 115 1
0 0 0
75 75 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
196. 38.
FLTTUT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
16 14 2
16 14 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
10/
6 / 7 7 Y V R HND 3 5 6 . 3 9 1 . 272. 41. 49. 35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
104 104 86 86 18 18
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
10,'
7 / 7 7 HND SFU 3 6 2 . 391 . 21 9 45. 50. 36
FLT TUT: INCLR: NUT CLR:
88 61 27
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
112 112 63 63 49 49
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
10/18/77
HND LAX 3 8 7 . 4 1 0 . 2 1 0 . 43. 47. 35.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUTCLR:
76 64 12
10/18/77
L A X HND 3 9 0 . 4 5 0 . 47. 54.
285. 35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
10/19/77
HND LAX 381 . 3 9 0 . 2 6 8 . 42. 45. 35.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NUT CLR:
10/19/77
LAX HND 394. 4 3 0 . 48. 55.
10/20/77
HND J F K 3 8 4 . 4 1 0 . 3 0 9 . 47. 51. 36.
10/ 5 / 7 7 SFU Y V R 292. 3 1 0 . 40. 42.
10/
287 35
7 / 7 7 SFU HND 3 5 7 . 391 . 267 38. 41. 35
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NOT CLR:
88 61 27
0
0
10/
8 / 7 7 HND HKG 345. 28.
351 . 2 5 0 . 34. 22.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR:
37 35 2
37 35 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
10/
8 / 7 7 HKG BKK 3 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 12. 20. 8.
FLT TBT: I N CLR; NUT CLR:
27 22 5
27 22 5
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
AVERAGES FUR THE FLIGHT PD5 UZ % T I C PATCHES
RH
H2U
TRUPU N
.
STRATU N
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I EXLU
NUMBER BF BBSER, C L D PD3 B Z H2a H2S
A L A T E X T N EXTS
(N655PA) 10/13/77 HKG HND 361, 371, 212, 29. 35. 22.
.
101 13/77 HND SF0 358. 371 200. 43. 45. 37.
0 0
0 0
2
28 26 2
0
0
F L T TOT:
84
84
IN
67 17
67 17
0 0 O
0 0 0
47
47 32
30
32
15
15
20 10
0 0 0
138 138
89
22
125 125 13 13
81 8
21 1
F L T TBT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
28 26
CLR:
NBT C L R :
10/31/77 S F 0 J F K 347, 350.,330, 41, 42. 38. 10/31/77
JFK HND 381. 4 1 0 . 250. 54. 65. 36,
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NBTCLR: F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
AVERAGES FOR T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H20
TRUPU. N
NUMBER O F aBSER. C L D P D 5 BZ H Z 8 H2S
IM/ID/IY D E P - A R R A V F L E X H I EXLa A L A T E X T N EXTS
(N533P~) 11/
1/77 HND L A X 390, 409, 329, 44. 48. 35.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NBT C L R :
11/
1/77 L A X HND 379, 410, 309, 39, 4 3 , 3 5 ,
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
111 2/77 H N D J F K 374. 411. 223. 51. 59. 37.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
(N655PA) 11/21/77 JFK L H R 345, 351, 262, 52. 5 5 . 4 1 ,
FLT T6T: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
11/22/77 L H R IAD 365. 390. 249. 49. 52. 4 0 .
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
11/23/77 I A D L H R 359. 371. 276, 50. 54. 4 0 .
FLT TBT: IN CLR: NOT C L R :
1 1 /23/77 F R A THR 352. 370. 266. 41. 4 8 , 36.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
11/24/77 THR F R A 368, 391, 251, 41. 49. 36.
FLT TOT: I N CLR: NaT CLR:
41 41 O
41 41 O
25 25 O
0 0 O
0 0 O
AVERAGES FBR THE F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5
TRUPb
OZ
RH
H26
N
.
IM/ID/IY
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L d ALAT EXTN EXTS
.
NUMBER U F U B : j E R . C L D PD5 U Z H 2 U H2S
12/
7 / 7 7 S F U S E A 380. 3 9 0 . 301 43. 46. 39.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/
7 / 7 7 S E A L H R 329. 3 3 1 . 2 5 3 . 57. 62. 48.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/
8/77 LHR SEA 341. 370. 240. 62. 70. 48.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/
9/77 SEA S F U 348. 370. 226. 43. 46. 39.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/
9 / 7 7 S F U S E A 3 5 8 . 391 . 43. 46.
195. 39.
FLT, TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/ 9 / 7 7 S E A L H R 3 2 5 . 3 3 0 . 2 3 4 . 62. 48. 57.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/10/77
LHR SEA 349. 390. 265. 63. 70. 49.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/11/77
S E A S F 9 3 4 8 . 3 7 0 . 266. 43. 46. 39.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/11/77
S F 6 L A X 271. 36.
195. 35.
F L T TOT: IN C L R : NUT C L R :
12/ 1 1 / 7 7
L A X P P T 373. 390. 258. 8. 33. -16.
F L T TUT: IN CLR: NUT C L R :
12/12/77
P P T PPG 3 8 0 . 391 . 2 7 2 . -16. -15. -17.
F L T TOT: IN CLR: NaT CLR:
291. 37.
AVERAGES FUR TI-IE F L 1 QHT % T I C PATCHES PD5 UZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU N
STRATU. N
IM/ID/IY
NUMBER O F U B S E R . C L D P D 5 U Z N2O H2S
DEP-ARR AVFL E X H I E X L U ALAT EXTN EXTS
(N655PA) 12/12/77
PPG H N L 3 7 3 . 3 9 0 . 256 4. 20. -12
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/12/77
HNL SEA 367. 390. 263. 35. 47. 23.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/13/77
S E A F A 1 3 4 3 . 351 . 2 6 6 . 57. 64. 49.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/13/77
F A 1 SEA 366. 370. 291. 64. 49. 57.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/13/77
SEA H N L 3 7 3 . 391 . 34. 47.
203, 22.
FLT TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/14/77
HNL L A X 372. 380. 254. 28. 34. 21.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/15/77
L A X H N L 345. 350. 2 5 5 . 25. 32. 20.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
12/15/77
HNL NAN 307. 312. 229. 1. 19. -17.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/15/77
NAN SYD 346. 351. 264. -27. -19. -34.
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/16/77
SYD M E L 3 5 8 . -36.
390. 290. -35. -37,
F L T TUT: I N CLR: NOT C L R :
12/16/77
M E L S Y D 2 8 9 . 2 9 3 . 281 . -36. -35. -36.
F L T TOT: I N CLR: NUT C L R :
AVERAGES F U R T H E F L I G H T % T I C PATCHES PD5 BZ
RH
H2U
TRUPU N
STRATU N
APPENDIX C
CLOUD-ENCOUNTER STATISTICS A S F U N C T I O N S OF LATITUDE,
LONGITUDE, SEASON, AND ALTITUDE This appendix i s a t a b u l a t i o n of s t a t i s t i c s f o r s e v e r a l q u a n t i t i e s r e l a t e d t o cloud encounter over t h e geographic a r e a covered by t h e GASP f l i g h t s . A geographic g r i d ( l a t i t u d e / l o n g i t u d e ) was chosen which had c e l l s small enough t o uncover s i g n i f i c a n t geographic v a r i a b i l i t y b u t l a r g e enough t o o b t a i n an adequate number of samples Subsequent pages of f o r s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s e s . T h e grid chosen appears a s f i g u r e C 1 . t h i s appendix g i v e s t a t i s t i c a l d a t a w i t h i n each g r i d element i n accordance w i t h t h e Appendix D code. The season and a l t i t u d e range appear a t t h e t o p of each page. p r e s e n t s s i m i l a r d a t a d e s c r i b e d i n terms of a l t i t u d e s e p a r a t i o n from t h e tropopause.
APPENDIX C
40
u
50 60. 70.
-
-
' " -
-
-
--
80. 90 15E
60 E
105 E Longitude
150E
165W
Figure C1.- Map of cell structure used in
APPENDIX C
50 60
0.
O70
165W
12W
75W Longitude
cloud encounter and particle-concentration analyses.
3CVV
.80 90 15E
"Page missing from available version"
APPENDIX C
TIC,
SIGMA(T1C) ,
%
TICIC,
%
CODE : P (TIC > 0),
%
%
N 0
PATCHES
T(CLD) ,
E(cLD), kft
E(cLR). kft
C
Explanation of entries (see text for additional detail): TIC,
%
SIGMA(TIC),
%
-
average percent of time in clouds for all observations
-
standard deviation of time in clouds for all observations
- total number of observations
N
TICIC,
- average percent of time in clouds for observations made in clouds (i.e., excluding observations with TIC = 0)
%
PATCHES
-
average number of cloud patches for observations made in clouds
T (CLD)
-
average temperature
P(TIC
> O),
for observations made in clouds
- probability (expressed in percent) that any observation had TIC greater than zero
%
~ ~ ( C L D kft ) ,
-
Az(CLR), kft
P(T1C 2 lo%),
(OC)
%
-
average distance above (minus numbers indicate below) the timeand-space-interpolated NMC tropopause for observations made in clouds
-
average distance above the NMC tropopause for observations made in clear air (i.e., for TIC = 0)
- probability (expressed in percent) that any observation had TIC greater than 10 percent. Other entries similar, but for 25 percent and 50 percent limits of TIC
APPENDIX C
Winter 28.5 - 33.5 kft
CODE
. --
TIC, X
SIGMA(TIC), %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD),
~ ( C L D ) k, f t
~ ( c L R ) k, f t
P(TIC
>
01, 2
P ( T I C 3 lo%), 2
P ( T I C 2 25%), %
"C
P ( T I C r 50%
%
APPENDIX C Winter
L
-
TIC, % --
N
PATCHES
T(CLD>,
- 33.5
kft
-
TICIC,
%
CODE : P(TIC
28.5
SIGMA(TIC1, 4
>
01,
x
P ( T I C 2 103, %
"C
E(cLD), kft Z(CLR), kft P(TIC
2 25%), %
P(TIC
2 50%)) %
E
ZONAL
MEAN
APPENDIX C
Spring
28.5 - 3 3 . 5 kft
CODE :
TIC, i
SIGMA(TIC), %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD), " C
P(TIC
>
O), 2
P(TIC 2 lo%), 73
E(cLD), kft KZ(CLR), P(TIC 2 25%), %
kft
P(TIC 2 5021, %
APPENDIX
C
Spring
-
TIC, %
TICIC)
%
SIGMA(TIC), Z
N
PATCHES
T(CLD>, "C
28.5
-
33.5
kft
CODE :
165"W
120°W
75"W
30°W
15"E 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
00 04 5.9
50.4 84.1 60.0 60.0
42.1 4.3 -8.3 60.0
3.3 17.6 19.0 7.6
11.9
79
3.1
-52.
3.2 15.3
5.3 20.5 25.7
13.1
5
-53. 2.1
60.n
39 -53. -2.9 0.0
14.8 54.1 27.3 22.7
29.2
73.1 2.7 -7.3 15.7
242 -49. -5.2 905
7 35.5 22.0 15.9
2 1 1 132 2.3 -51. -6.1 -4.2 9.8 7.6
PZ.8 3.7
50
-46.
4.6 13.7
-2.1
6.3
2.q
10.7 2.4
233 -47.
12.0 30.1
14.7 237 2.2 -43. -13.0-12.1 8.9 30s
10.6 47.0
0.0
o.n
0.0 0.0
000-1807 0.0 0.n
69.2 41.7 37.5
11.9 2.5 -5.8 10.3
-4.5
0.0
28.13
5.0 17.R 28.2 12.8 10.9 36.0 30.2 2 1
0.0
01 17 1.0 -60. *5 - 0 5
23.1
17.9
0 33.3 0.0
6.5
3.0
-5.1 18.2
38.6 3.4 -3.0 37.5
24 -57.
12.5 3.6 -5.0 5.5
80°N 0.0
0.0
-3.1
70°N
-2.6
33.3
60°N
109 -55. -5.0 1.8
50°N 0.0
0.0
0.0
40°N
3 -46.
30" N
20°N
?
o.
09
1.0 -19.6 0.0
-4.7 20.5
3.9 22.5 17.4 11.9
3 0. -3.1 0.0
MEAN
p6.4 39 2.8 - 4 5 . -12.3-11.6 12.8 10.3
50.0 0.0
-1609-14.0 0.0 0.0
50.0 37.5 2.4 14.4
07
44
2*2 -55.
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
ZONAL
7
-37.
o.n 0.n
-14.8-15.2 25.0 12.5 8.7 2.0
1306 -1408-14.5
10°N
18 -34.
11.1 37.0 30.0 30.0
26.0 10 3.7 -34. Om0 0.0 10.0 10.0
12.5 37.6 33.3 25.0
22.6 1.5 0.0 25.0
12 -34. 0.0 16.7
1.8 3.1 4 7.1 2.0 -34. 25.0 -2009-21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11.2 37.0 30.0 30.0 8.5
29.1 29.2 16.7
26.0 3.7 0.0 10.0
34.8
30.4
10"S
18.4 24 103-34. -21.1-20.7 16.7 8.3
05 1.9 13 7.1 2.0 -34. 7.7 -20.9-18.5 Om0 0.0 0.0 19.4 55.8
0"
10 -34. 0.0 10.0
32.3 4.1 -16.0 26.1
20"s '
23 -49. -9.8 21.7 +
30"s
40°S
APPENDIX Summer 28.5 - 3 3 . 5 kft
CODE :
C
I
I
SIGMA(TIC1,
TIC, %
%
N
-
TICIC, % P(TIC
> o),
PATCHES
z
T(CLD),
"C
ZZ(CLD), k f t ECLR), k f t
APPENDIX C
TIC, %
TICIC, CODE :
%
SIGMA(TIC>, 4
N
PATCHES
T(CLD),
Summer 28.5 - 3 3 - 5 kft
"C
I
15"E
ZONAL
MEAN
80 "N
APPENDIX C Autumn
28.5 - 33.5 kft
CODE :
* -
TIC, X
SIGMA(TIC), %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
P(TIC
>
o),
2
P(TIC 2 l o % ) , Z
KZ(CLD), kft E(cLR), kft P(TIC:25%),%
P(TIC?50%),%
APPENDIX C
X
28.5 - 3 3 . 5 kft
N
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1,
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD>,
DZ(CLD), trt
E(cLR), kft
P ( T I C 1 25%>, %
P ( T I C 2 5022, %
CODE : P(TIC
>
01, z
P ( T I C 2 10%
165"N
0.0 Om0 0.0 0.0
%
120" W
0.0 Om0 Om0 Om0
3n Om -eQ
0.0
75°K
0.0 0.0 0.0 Om0 2.9 56.5
0.0 7 0.0 0. 0.0 -2.1 Om0 0.0 12.5
39 -45. -8.4 5.1
6.3 20.0 22.4 10.2
20.0 49 Om0 -49. -7.1 -5.a
6.1 23.2 26.3 17 a 1
16.1 76 1.2 -46. -11.6-10.0 9.2 5.7
9.8 65.4 15.0 15.0
26.2 20 4.0 -47. -14.8-115.7 10.0 10.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 Om0
Om0 19 Om0 Om 0.0-16.0 Om0 Om0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Om0 17 0.0 0. 0.0-16.P 0.0 0.0
000 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 14 0.0 0. 0.0-16.8 0.0 0.0
0.0 Om0 0.0 0.0
0.0 3 Om0 Om 0.0-16.0 0.0 0.0
6.1
Autumn
i
-
6.1
5.1 5.1
1.0
-22.9 5.1
1
"C
3OoW
15"E
1.3 9.4 14.3 0.0
3.3 7 0.0 -48. w.9 -2.8 0.0 0.0
78.3 100.0 100.0
4.4 48.6 9.0 8.2
16.7 122 m1 -46. -4.8 -2.1 5.7 4.9
3.5 27.4 13.0 8.4
-4.5 4.2
15.3
4.1 30.9 13.2 9.2
14.2 2.1 -7.7 6.6
3.4
53.7 6.4 5.7
265
a 2 -50. -8.0 -8.6
5.3
3.4
78.3
18.0 0.0 -5.2 100.0
9 -47. 0.0 88.9
13.9
239 -49. -4.5 2.9
.I
ZONAL
MEAN
70°N 2.5
-4.8
6.3
56.3
-2. SO
60°N 7.0
4.0
3.0
50°N
76 -50. -6.5
Em6
40°N
I
I.
2.6 24.7
10.5 10.5
80" N
7.7 19 1.0 -48. -9.6-13.2 5.3 0.0
30°N . 3 -15.4-18.1 7.1 5.8 5.8
20"N
0.0 0.0 0.U 0.0
10°N
0.0 1 0.0 Om 0.0*20,5 0.0 0.0
33.1
4.6
-32.
0"
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 1 0. 0.0 0.0-14.5 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 1 0.0 0. 0.0-14.5 0.0 0.0
10"s
1
. i
20"s
30"s
40"s
APPENDIX Winter 3 3 . 5 - 38.5 kft
CODE :
C
-
TIC, X
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
TICIC, 90
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
P(TIC
>
o), z
P(TIC 5 lo%), %
TZ(CLD), GCLR), k f t kft
P(TIC
2
25%),
%
P(TIC
2
SOX),
%
APPENDIX
C
Winter
7
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC), 2
N
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
33.5
- 3 8 . 5 kft
--
TICIC, % CODE : P(TIC
>
o),
I
P ( T I C 2 lox), %
Z(CLD), kft ZCLR), kft P ( T I C 2 25%), %
P ( T I C 2 50%), %
15"E
ZONAL
MEAN
APPENDIX C
Spring 33.5 - 3 8 . 5 kft
CODE :
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T ( C L D ) , "C
APPENDIX C Spring 3 3 . 5 - 3 8 . 5 kft
rn
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC),
X
N
-
TICIC, %
PATCHES
CODE :
P(TIC
>
o),
x
P ( T I C 3 1073, %
T(CLD>, "C
Z ~ CkL it D ) Z(CLR), , kft P ( T I C L 25%), %
P(TIC
:5079, %
I
165"W
120"W
75"W
30°W
15"E
ZONAL
MEAN
80°N
70°N
60°N
50°N
40" N
30"N
20°N
10°N
0"
10"S
23"s
30"s
40"s
APPENDIX C Summer 3 3 . 5 - 38.5 kft -
TIC, X
SIGMA(TIC>,
%
N
----
CODE :
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD>,
"C
APPENDIX C Summer 33.5 - 3 8 . 5 kft
-
TIC,
%
SIGMA(TIC1, X
N
PATCHES
T(CLD)J "C
--
TICIC,
%
CODE :
E
ZONAL
MEAN
APPENDIX C Autumn 33.5 - 38.5 k f t
CODE :
I
-
TIC, Z
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
TICICj %
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
~ ( c L D ) ,k f t
GCLR), k t t
2
P(TIC
> o),
P(TIC
z 10%), X
P ( P I C 2 25%), %
P(TIC
,
50%
%
APPENDIX C
Autumn
TIC)
%
TICIC,
%
33.5
SIGMA(TIC>, X
N
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
CODE : P(TIC
>
o),
z
P ( T I C 1 lox), % +
E(cLD), kft Z(CLR), kft P ( T I C 2 25%), %
P(TIC
,50%))
%
"E
ZONAL
MEAN
-
38.5
kft
APPENDIX C Winter 38.5
J
- 43.5 kft
CODE :
TIC, Z
SIGMA(TIC), %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T ( C L O ) , "C
z
P(TIC
>
01,
P(TIC
?
lo%), X
FZ(CLD), kft ~ ( c L R ) k, f t P(TIC 1 25%), %
P ( T I C 5 SO%), % *
APPENDIX C
.'
TIC,
SIGMAiTIC),
%
TICIC,
PATCHES
%
CODE : >
o),
/'(TIC
2
IOX),
r-
120°W
N T(CLD), "C
E(cLD), kft E(cLR), kft
x
/'(TIC
%
P(TIC
L
,
165"W
%
Winter 38.5 - 43.5 k i t
753
25%), %
PiTIC
T
30°W
50%), %
15"E ZONAL MEAN
n IZooN
APPENDIX C Spring 38.5 - 4 3 . 5 k f t
-
CODE :
TIC, 4
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
P(TIC
> o),
x
P(TIC 2 lo%), 4 b
TZ(CLD), kft E(cLR), kft P ( T I C 2 25%), %
P(TIC L 5 0 2 ) , % 4
APPENDIX C
Spri ng 38.5 - 4 3 . 5 kft
--
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC), O?
N
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
~ ( c L D ) k, f t
Z(CLR), kft
P(TIC 2 25%), %
P(TIC ? 50%), %
-
TICIC, % CODE : P(TIC
>
o),
x
P(TIC 2 lox), %
165"W
12OoW
75"W
30°W
15"E
ZONAL
MEAN
I *O"
APPENDIX C Surnrner 38.5 - 43.5 k f t --
CODE :
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD),
C\Z(CLD), kft
~ ( c L R ) ,k f t
P(TIC
P ( T I C 5 50%), %
P(TIC
> o),
P(TIC 5
z
lo%),
%
,25%),
%
"C
APPENDIX C
Summer 38.5 - 4 3 . 5 kft
TICIC,
%
PATCHES
T(CLD>, "C
CODE :
165"W
120°W
75" c.(
30°W
15"E
ZONAL
MEAN
APPENDIX C
Autumn
38.5
-
43.5 k f t
CODE :
II
TIC, % -
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD),
"C
APPENDIX C Autumn
4
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, X
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
~ ( c L D ) k, f t
GCLR), kft
P ( T I C 2 25%), %
P ( T I C 2 50%), %
38.5
-
CODE : P(TIC
>
01,
x
P ( T I C 2 1021, % >
15"E
ZONAL
MEAN
43.5 kft
Page intentionally left blank
APPENDIX D
CLOUD-ENCOUNTER STATISTICS AS FUNCTIONS OF LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, SEASON, AND DISTANCE FROM THE NMC TROPOPAUSE
This appendix is a tabulation of statistics for several quantities related to cloud encounter over the geographic area covered by the GASP flights. The latitude/ longitude grid chosen appears as figure C1, Subsequent pages of this appendix give statistical data within each grid element in accordance with the following code. The season and distance from the tropopause appear at the top of each page.
SIGMA (TIC),
N
%
PATCHES CODE :
I
> 0),
P (TIC
1 10%),
Az (CLD),
%
%
0
c
-
-
P(T1C
Explanation of entries.
T(CLD),
AZ
kft
P ( T I C 2 25%),
%
(CLR), kft
P ( T I C 1 5 0 % ),
Entries are identical to those in appendix
C.
%
APPENDIX D Winter 10 to 15 kft below tropopause
+
-
TIC,
SIGMA(TIC),
%
N
%
-
CODE :
TICIC, P(TIC P(TIC
% >
01, x lo:),
%
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
A~CLD), kft
AZ(CLR),
P(T1C
P(TIC L SO%),
5
25%))
%
kft
%
APPENDIX D
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
PATCHES
T ( C L D ) j "C
-
TICIC, % CODE : P(TIC
>
01, 2
P ( T I C 2 lo%), %
E(cLD), kft GCLR), kft P ( T I C 2 25%))
P(T1C 1 50%), %
Winter 10 to 15 kft below tropopause
APPENDIX D Spring
10 to 15 kft below t v o p o p a u s e
CODE :
TICICj % P(TIC
> o),
%
PATCHES
T(CLD)j " C
E(cLD), kft
A?(CLR). kft
APPENDIX D
TIC,
Spring 10 to 1 5 kft below t r o p o p a u s e
%
TICIC,
%
CODE :
15"E
ZONAL MEAN
APPENDIX D Summer 10 to 15 kft below tropopause
TIC, % -
TICIC, %
CODE :
P(TIC
> o),
%
P(TIC 5 1 0 3 , % i
PATCHES
T(CLD), " C
AZ(CLD), kft
A?(CLR),k f t
P(TIC L 25%), %
P(TIC ? 50%), %
APPENDIX D
-
Summe r
TIC, %
TICIC,
%
CODE : P(TIC
>
0)) 2
SIGMA(TIC>, %
N
PATCHES
T(CLD>, " C
GCLD), kft EKLR). kft
10 to 15 kft below tropopause
APPENDIX D
Autumn 10 to 15 k f t below tropopause
d
CODE :
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(T1C) , %
N
TICICj %
PATCHES
T(CLD>, " C
LG(CLD), kft
A?(CLR).
'P(T1C 2 25%>, %
P ( T I C r 50%), %
P(TIC
> o),
%
P(TIC 2 1 0 3 , % _i
kft
w
APPENDIX D
-
TIC,
Autumn
w
SIGMA(TIC1,
%
%
10 to 15 kft below tropopause
N
TICICJ %
PATCHES
P(TIC
>
01, X
LECLD), GCLR), rft
P(TIC
2
lo%>, Z
P(TIC z 25%))
CODE :
T(CLD)J "C kft
P(TIC
2
50%),
%
J
165"W
75"W
120°W
30" W
15"E
ZONAL MEAN
I
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 14 0.0 0. 0.0-11.3 0.0 0.0
2.5 12.3 20.0
02 2.6 114 14.1 e 5 -45. 1.8 -12.0-12.1 09 09 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 1 0.0 0. 0.0-10.6 0.0 0.0
1.8 2.1 2.1
12.0 4a 0.0 - 5 5 . -10.2-12.1 2.1 2.1
10.4 39.6 26.3 18.4
6.2 35.1 17.7 12.8
19.0 141 1.5 - 4 A . -12.3-12.R 9.2 5.7
20.0 4.5 4.5
4.2 22 1.0 -44. -11.8-12.1 Om0 0.0
6.0 75.0 11.3
18.0 63 3.4 - 5 6 . -12.2-12.6 9.7 4.R
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Om0 19 0.0 0. 0.0-12.5 0.0 0.0
13.6 35.3 38.5 28.8
25.4 57 2.5 -56. -13.1-12.7 19.2 11.q
Om0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 21 Om0 0. 0.0-12.9 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 8 0.0 0. 0.0-13.5 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 10 Om0 0. 0.0-11.2 0.0 0.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 Om0
84.3
24.2
a0 01 35 04 1.0 -53. 5.7 -12.5-t1.7 0.0 0.0 0.n 3.9 44 2.0 -57. 6 . 8 -11.0-JO.6 3 2.3 Omn
08 11.8
09
24.9 38 1.9 -49. -12.3-12.0 13.2 7.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8.0
7.7 25 a4 -37. -12.0-11.8 4.0 0.0
3.2 22.9 14.1 9.4
10.9 64 2.7 -45. -11.9-11.6 4.7 1.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 20 0.0 0. 0.0-11.2 0.0 0.0
5.5 32.8 16.9 12.4
16.9 443 3.1 -50. -11.9-12.1 8.4 4.5
7.0 34.5 20.2 14.0
19.9 501 2.1 -50. -12.4-1206 9.6 6.6
Om0 1 0.0 0. 0.0-12.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 2 0.0 0. 0.0-14.1 0.0 0.0
3.7 24.8 14.8 7.0
14.1 142 3.1 -54. -12.3-12.9 5.6 3.5
.R
4.7 16.7 0.0
1.8 6 2.0 -56. -14.5-14.3 0.0 0.0
10.1 45.1 22.3 18.2
24.3 148 2.9 -49. -13.3-13.2 13.5 9.5
0.0 18 0.0 0. 0.0-11.2 0.0 0.0
2T.7 37.8 60.0 60.0
22.4 5 5.3 -550 -12.1-10.9 40.0 20.0
12.4 38.5 32.2 23.0
24.7 174 4 . 4 -40. -12.6-12.0 19.5 11.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 39 0.0 0. 0.0-11.8 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 6 0.0 0. 0.0-11.7 0.0 0.0
8.7 38.4 22.7 16.3
21.4 233 3.4 -39. -12.5-11.8 14.6 8.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 40 0.0 0. 0.0-12.4 0.0 0.0
0.0 Om0 0.0 0.0
0.0 2 0.0 0. 0.0-11.9 0.0 0.0
3.6 76.3 13.7 9.9
12.9 146 3.2 - 4 7 . -13.9-12.9 5.5 2.7
0.0 Om0 0.0 0.0
0.0 11 0.0 0. 0.0-13.9 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 4 0.0 0. 0.0-11.2 0.0 0.0
4.5 '59.1 7.7 5.8
18.6 104 5.3 -50. -14.1-13.1 5.8 4.8
19.9 68.2 29.2 25.0
34.6 24 4.4 -44. -13.3-12.1 25.0 25.0
L
APPENDIX D Winter 5 to 10 kft below tropopause
-
TIC,
SIGMA(TIC),
%
N
%
-
TICIC,
CODE :
P(TIC
PATCHES
% >
AZKLR),
01, %
P(TIC L 103, r
T(CLD), " C
E(~ k f~ t ~), %
P(TIC 2 25x1,
%
P(TIC
kft
2
50%))
%
APPENDIX D
Winter 5 to 10 kft below tropopause
P
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC>, %
/J
TICICj %
PATCHES
T(CLD)J "C
CODE :
P(TIC
> o),
%
P ( T I C jl o % ) , %
E(cLD), kft E(cLR). kft !'(TIC
2 2 5 % ) )" 10
P(TIC,50%),
%
15"E
ZONAL MEAN
APPENDIX D
S-p r i n q
5 to 10 k f t below tropopaus e
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
PATCHES
T(CLD),
CODE :
TICIC, %
"C
I
APPENDIX D
Spring 5 to 10 kft
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC>,
%
M
below tropopause
TICIC, %
PATCHES
CODE :
15"E
ZONAL MEAN
APPENDIX D
Summer . 5 to 10 kft below tropopause -
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
PATCHES
T(CLD1,
LTKLD), kft
AZ(CLR), kft
P ( T I C 5 25%), %
P ( T I C 2 50%), %
CODE :
TICIC, % P(TIC
> o),
P(TIC L
lo:),
% %
"C
APPENDIX D
r
-
TIC, %
SIGMA{TIC>, %
N
TICICj %
PATCHES
T(CLD)j "C
CODE : P(TIC
Summer
J
>
01, '2
P(TIC 1 l o % ) , %
5 to 10 kft below tropopause
GCLD), kft GCLR), kft P(TIC 2 252.)) %
P ( T I C 2 SO%), %
.
15"E
ZONAL MEAN
APPENDIX D
-
Autumn
5 to 10 kft below tropopause
-
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD),
P(TIC > o), %
Q?(CLD),
TIC, % -
CODE :
P(TIC
,103,
%
kft
P(TIC ? 25%1, %
"C
AZ(CLR), kft
P(TIC
?
50x1, %
APPENDIX D r
I
CODE :
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
TICIC, %
PATCHES
75"W
120"W
10.0 0.0
2.9 1.0 -7.0 0.0
10 -64. -8.n 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8.3 33.6 25.5 15.2
21.2 145 .6 -56. -8.0 -7.6 11.7 8.7
7.2 36.5 19.7 16.4
17.7 4.5 -7.4 13.1
122 -55. -7.4 5.7
1.0
W
-
165" W
9.8
Autumn 5 to 10 kft below tropopause
-
0.0 3 0.0 0. 0.0 -5.2 0.0 0.0
30°W
15"E
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 0. -5.8 0.0
4.2 48.6 8.5 8.5
16.5 0.0 -7.4 4.9
82 -45. -7.3 3.7
7.4 55.1 13.4 11.6
22.2 1.3 -8.2 9.3
4.4 53.3 8.2 6.9
17.2 245 -9 -53. -7.9 -7.5 6.5 4.5
7.2 28.7 25.0 14.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
88.8 6.2 6 8818 0.0-47. 100.0 -6.3 0.0 100.0 100.0100.0
ZONAL MEAN
76.1 88.8 85.7 85.7
31.6 7 0.0-47. -6.3 -5.8 85.7 85.7
172 -41. -6.7 7.0
5.8 48.1 12.1 9.8
19.5 1.3 -7.8 7.3
315 -44. -6.9 5.7
19.0 1.9 -7.7 11.8
68 -51. -7.1 5.9
6.7 31.2 21.6 14.5
18.2
2.3 -8.0 10.7
947 -54. -7.6 5.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 0. -7.7 0.0
2.3 30.6 7.6 4.5
11.7 422 3-5-51, -8.2 -7.9 3.6 2.4 18.2 8.0 -9.9 4.5
3.6 6.3
.a
1.2 1.R -7.9 0.n
127 -46. -7.7 0.n
2.0 15.2 13.0 8.7
6.5 4.3 -7.0 4.3
23 -41. -7.4 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
17 0. -8.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 0. -9.5 0.0
4.0 87.5 4.5 4.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 1 0.0 0. 0.0-10.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 1 0.0 0. 0.0-10.0 0.0 0.0
2.3 45.9 5.0 5.0
10.0 2.0 -8.8 5.0
20 -59. -9.4 0.0
33.3 33.3
47.1 1.0 -9.3 33.3
3 -60. -9.5 33.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 0. -9.8 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
32 0. -8.1 0.0
3.4
14.3
-2
o.n
22 -47. -8.7 4.5
I
7.4 45.9 5.3 5.3
lo.? 2.0 -8.R 5.3
lQ -59. -9.4 0.0
33.3 100.0 33.3 33.3
47.1 1.0 -9.3 33.3
9
33.3
-60. -9.5 33.7
1no.o
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 0. -9.9 0.0
1 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0-10.0 0.0 0.0
APPENDIX D
Winter 0 to 5 kft below tropopause
CODE :
-
+
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD1, " C
A ~ C L Dk f)t ,
A~(CLR k f t) ,
P(TIC L 25%), %
P(TIC 5 50%), %
P(TIC
>
o), %
P(TIC 2 1 0 3 , %
APPENDIX D
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
W
PATCHES
T(CLD),
Winter 0 to 5 kft below t r o p o p a u s e
-
TICIC, % CODE : P(TIC
> o),
%
P(TIC L lo%), %
"C
E(cLD), kft GCLR), kft P(TIC?25%),%
P(TIC?50%),%
joE
ZONAL MEAN
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
-1.7 0.0
APPENDIX D Spring
0 to 5 k f t below tropopause
CODE :
I
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC>j %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD1 , "C
P(TIC
> o),
x
P(TIC L 10Z>, %
AZ(CLD), AZ(CLR), kft
kft
P(T1C L 25%>, %
P(TIC
5
50%), % r
APPENDIX D
Spring 0 to 5 kft below tropopause
PATCHES
TICIC, %
CODE : P(TIC
>
P(TIC 5
165"W
o),
E(cLD), kft E(cLR). kft
2
lo%),
120°W
T(CLD>, "C
%
P ( T I C ?. 25%))
75"W
P(TIC 2 50%>, %
30°W
15"E
ZONAL MEAN 80°N
APPENDIX D Summer 0 to 5 k f t below tropopause
-
TIC,
TICIC,
CODE :
w
SIGMA(TIC),
%
%
PATCHES
%
P(TIC
>
P(TIC
2 103, %
01, %
N
T(CLD1,
"C
LG(CLD),
AZ(CLR),
P(TIC 2 25x1, %
P ( T I C 2 50x1, %
kft
w
kft
,
APPENDIX D Summer 0 to 5 kft below tropopause
CODE :
I
TICIC, -
%
PATCHES
T(CLD1, " C
APPENDIX D Autumn 0 to 5 k f t
below tropopause
CODE :
TIC, %
SIGMA(T1C)j %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD>j " C
P(TIC
>
01, %
P ( T I C 2 103, % i
AZ(CLD>, AZ~CLR), kft
P ( T I C 2 25x1, %
k f t
P ( T I C 1 50%>,%
APPENDIX D
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1 , %
N
Autumn 0 to 5 kft
below tropopause
CODE :
I
TICICj % -
PATCHES
T(C1D)J "C
APPENDIX D Winter 0 to 5 k f t
-
TIC, %
above tropopause
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
PATCHES
T(CLD),
E(cLD), kft
AZKLR), kft
P ( T I C ? 25%), %
P ( T I C 5 50%), %
TICIC, %
CODE :
P(TIC
>
o),
%
P(TIC ? 1 0 3 , % i
"C
APPENDIX D -
TIC, %
1
SIGMA(T1C)J % PATCHES
CODE :
N
Winter 0 to 5 k f t above tropopause
APPENDIX D Spring 0 to 5 k f t
r
TIC, %
above tropopause
SIGMA(TIC),
%
N
TICIC, %
CODE :
>
o),
P(TIC 2
lo:),
P(TIC
.
% %
PATCHES
T(CLD),
"C
E(cLD), kft
LECLR), kft
P ( T I C L 25%), %
P ( T I C 2 50%>, %
APPENDIX D I
Spring
-
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC1, %
N
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD1, "C
CODE : P(TIC
>
P(TIC
,
01,
x
lo%), %
0 to 5 k f t above tropopause
E(cLD). kft GCLR), kfr P(TICTZ~%)~X
P(TIC?50%1,%
15"E
ZONAL MEAN
APPENDIX D
.
Sumrner
0 to 5 kft
above tropopause
-
TIC,
SIGMA(TIC1,
%
%
N
-
CODE :
TICIC,
P(TIC
PATCHES
% >
01,
x
P(TIC, 103, %
T(CLD), "C
~Z(CLD), AZ(CLR), kft
P(TIC
L 25%), %
kft
P(TIC
2 50%), %
APPENDIX D -
9
TIC, %
SIGMA(TIC>, %
M
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD1,
P(TIC
~ ~ ( c L D k) f. t
E(cLR). kft
P(TIC 2 25%)) 4
P(T1C 2 SO%>, %
Summer 0 to 5 kft
above tropopause
CODE : >
01, %
P ( T I C 1 10%)) %
"C
APPENDIX D Autumn 0 to 5 kft above tropopause
f
-
TIC,
SIGMA(TIC1,
%
%
N
-
CODE :
TICIC, %
PATCHES
T(CLD), "C
P(TIC
>
o), %
AZ(CLD), AZKLR),
P(TIC
?
103, %
P(TIC E 25%), %
kft
kft
P(TIC L 50%),
%
APPENDIX D Autumn 0 to
I CODE :
I
5 kft
above tropopause
TICICj 1 P(TIC
> o),
PATCHES
x
T(CLD1, "C
E(cLD), kft G(cLR), kft
15"E
ZONAL MEAN
REFERENCES 1. Brooks, Charles F.: The Use of Clouds in Forecasting. Compendium of Meteorology, Thomas F. Malone, ed., American Meteorol. Soc., 1951, pp. 1167-1178. 2. Platt, C. M. R.: Remote Sounding of High Clouds: I. Calculation of Visible and Infrared Optical Properties From Lidar and Radiometer Measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 18, no. 9 , Sept. 1979, pp. 1130-1143. 3. Schneider, Stephen H.: Cloudiness as a Global Climatic Feedback ~echanism: The Effects on the Radiation Balance and Surface Temperature of Variations in Cloudiness. J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 29, no. 8, Nov. 1972, pp, 1413-1422. 4. Cess, Robert D.: Climate Change: An Appraisal of Atmospheric Feedback Mechanisms Employing Zonal Climatology. J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 33, no. 10, Oct. 1976, pp. 1831-1843.
5. Braslow, Albert L.; and Muraca, Ralph J.: AIAA Paper 78-1528, Aug. 1978.
A Perspective of Laminar-Flow Control.
6. Hall, G. R.: On the Mechanics of Transition Produced by Particles Passing Through an Initially Laminar Boundary Layer and the Estimated Effect on the LFC Performance of the X-21 Aircraft. Northrop Corp., Oct. 1964.
7. Conover, John H.; and Bunting, James T,: Estimates From Satellites of Weather Erosion Parameters for Reentry Systems. AFGL-TR-77-0260, U.S. Air Force, Nov- 29, 1977. (Available from DTIC as AD A053 654.) 8. Barnes, Arnold A., Jr.: New Cloud Physics Instrumentation Requirements. AFGL-TR-78-0093, U.S. Air Force, Apr. 17, 1978. (Available from DTIC as AD A053 235.) 9. Dyer, Rosemary M , ; and Barnes, Arnold A., Jr.: The ~icrophysicsof Ice Clouds A Survey. AFGL-TR-79-0103, U.S. Air Force, May 8, 1979. (~vailablefrom DTIC as AD A077 020.) 10. Hallett, John: Characteristics of Atmospheric Ice Particles: A Survey of Techniques. AFGL-TR-80-0308, U.S. Air Force, Sept. 1980. (Available from DTIC as AD A093 927.) 11. Perkins, Porter; and Gustafsson, Ulf R. C.: An Automated Atmospheric Sampling System Operating on 747 Airliners. NASA TM X-71790, 1975. 12. Gauntner, Daniel J.; Holdeman, J. D.; Briehl, Daniel; and Humenik, Francis M.: Description and Review of Global Measurements of Atmospheric Species From GASP. NASA TM-73781, 1977. 13. Perkins, Porter J.; and Papathakos, Leonidas C.: Global Sensing of Gaseous and Aerosol Trace Species Using Automated Instrumentation on 747 Airliners. NASA TM-73810, 1977.
14. Nastrom, G. D.; Holdeman, J. D.; and Dav-is,R. E.: Cloud Encounter and partic:? Density Variabilities From GASP Data. AIAA-81-0308, Jan. 1981,
15. Holdeman, J. D.; Humenik, F. M.; and Lezberg, E. A.: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Data Report for Tape VL0004. NASA TM X-73574, 1976. 16. Holdeman, J. D.; and Humenik, F. M.: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Data Report for Tape VL0005. NASA TM X-73608, 1977.
17. Gauntner, Daniel J.; Holdeman, J. D.; and Humenik, Francis M.: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Data Report for Tape VL0006, NASA TM-73727, 1977. 18. Holdeman, J. D,; Gauntner, Daniel J.; Humenik, Francis M.; and Briehl, Daniel: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Data Report for Tapes VL0007 & VL0008. NASA TM-73784, 1977, 19. Holdeman, J. D.; Dudzinski, Thomas J.; Nyland, Ted W.; and Tiefermann, Marvin W.: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Data Report for Tape V ~ 0 0 0 9 . NASA TM-79058, 1978. 20. Holdeman, J. D.; Dudzinski, Thomas J.; Tieferrnann, Marvin W.; and Nyland, Ted W.: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP')Data Report for Tapes VLOOlO & VL0012. NASA TM-79061, 1979. 21. Holdeman, J. D , ;
Dudzinski, Thomas J.; and ~iefermann,Marvin W.: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Data Report for Tapes VLOOll and VL0013. NASA TM-81462, 1980.
22. Briehl, Dan-iel; Dudzinski, Thomas J.; and Liu, David C.: NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Data Report for Tape VL0014. NASA TM-81579, 1980. 23. Liu, Benjamin Y. H.; Berglund, Richard N.; and Agarwal, Jugal K.: Experimental Studies of Optical Particle Counters. Atrnos. Environ., vol. 8, no. 7, July 1974, pp. 717-732. 24. Reck, Gregory M.; Briehl, Daniel; and Nyland, Ted W.: In Situ Measurements of Arctic Atmospheric Trace Constituents From an Aircraft, NASA TN D-8491, 1977. 25. Nastrom, G. D.: Variability and Transport of Ozone at the Tropopause From the First Year of GASP Data. NASA CR-135176, 1977.
26. Huschke, Ralph E . ,
ed.:
Glossary of Meteorology.
American Meteorol. Soc., 1959.
27. Newell, Reginald E.; Kidson, John W.; Vincent, Dayton G.; and Boer, George J.: The General Circulation of the Tropical Atmosphere. Volume 1. MIT Press, c.1972. 28. Endlich, R. M.; Harney, patrick; McLean, G. S.; Rados, Robert M.; ~ibbets,0. J.; and Widger, W. K., Jr.: Project Jet Stream - The Observation and Analysis of the ~etailedStructure of the Atmosphere Near the Tropopause. ~ u l l .American Meteorol. Soc., vol. 35, no. 4, Apr. 1954, pp. 143-153. 29. MzLean, George S.: Cloud ~istributionsin the Vicinity of Jet Streams. American Meteorol. Soc., vol. 38, no. 10, Dec. 1957, pp. 579-583.
Bull.
30. E n d l i c h , R . M . ; a n d McLean, G . S . : A n a l y z i n g a n d F o r e c a s t i n g M e t e o r o l o g i c a l Cond i t i o n s i n t h e Upper T r o p o s p h e r e a n d Lower S t r a t o s p h e r e . AFCRC-TN-60-262, U . S . A i r F o r c e , Apr. 1960. 31. M u r g a t r o y d , R . J . ; a n d G o l d s m i t h , P . : High C l o u d Over S o u t h e r n E n g l a n d . N o t e s No. 1 1 9 (M.O. 5 2 4 S ) , M e t e o r o l . O f f . , B r i t i s h A i r M i n i s t r y , 1 9 5 6 .
Prof.
32. James, D . G , : I n v e s t i g a t i o n s R e l a t i n g t o C i r r u s C l o u d . no. 1 0 1 5 , J a n . 1 9 5 7 , pp. 1 - 1 2 .
M e t e o r o l . Mag.,
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33. Clodman, J . : Some S t a t i s t i c a l A s p e c t s o f C i r r u s C l o u d . v o l . 85, n o . 2 , F e b . 1 9 5 7 , pp. 37-41.
Mon. W e a t h e r Rev.,
34. Graves, M a u r i c e E . : A i r c r a f t R e p o r t s of C i r r i f o r m C l o u d s o n C e r t a i n High L a t i t u d e Routes and C a l i f o r n i a t o Honolulu. Mon. Weather Rev., v o l . 9 6 , n o . Nov. 1 9 6 8 , pp. 809-812. 35. Palmen, E l ; a n d Newton, C . W . : and P h y s i c a l I n t e r p r e t a t i o n .
11,
Atmospheric C i r c u l a t i o n Systems - T h e i r S t r u c t u r e Academic P r e s s , I n c . , 1 9 6 9 .
36. Holdeman, J . D . ; Nastrom, G. D . ; a n d F a l c o n e r , P. D . : Two Y e a r s o f GASP D a t a . NASA TM-73817, 1 9 7 7 .
An A n a l y s i s o f t h e F i r s t
S t r a t o s p h e r i c S o u r c e f o r U n e x p e c t e d l y L a r g e V a l u e s o f Ozone 37. D a n i e l s e n , E . F . : Measured Over t h e P a c i f i c Ocean D u r i n g GAMETAG, A u g u s t 1 9 7 7 . 5. Geophys. R e s . , v o l . 8 5 , no. C 1 , J a n . 2 0 , 1 9 8 0 , pp. 401-412. 38. Hudson, R o b e r t D . ; a n d Reed, E d i t h I . , e d s . : Future. NASA RP-1049, 1979.
The S t r a t o s p h e r e :
Present and
39. V a r l e y , D . J . : C i r r u s P a r t i c l e ~ i s t r i b u t i o nS t u d y , P a r t 1. AFGL-TR-78-0192, U . S . A i r F o r c e , Aug. 7 , 1 9 7 8 . ( A v a i l a b l e f r o m DTIC a s A061 4 8 5 . ) 40. P l a n k , Vernon G . : Hydrometeor P a r a m e t e r s D e t e r m i n e d From t h e R a d a r D a t a o f t h e U.S. SAMS R a i n E r o s i o n Program - AFCRL/SAMS R e p o r t No. 2 . AFCRL-TR-74-0249, A i r F o r c e , May 1 5 , 1 9 7 4 . ( A v a i l a b l e f r o m DTIC a s AD A005 3 9 1 . )
4 1 . V a r l e y , D . J.: C i r r u s P a r t i c l e D i s t r i b u t i o n Study, P a r t 2. AFGL-TR-78-0248, U.S. A i r F o r c e , O c t . 1 0 , 1 9 7 8 . ( A v a i l a b l e f r o m D T I C as AD A063 8 0 7 . ) 4 2 . V a r l e y , Donald J . : C i r r u s P a r t i c l e D i s t r i b u t i o n S t u d y , P a r t 3 . AFGL-TR-78-0305, U . S . A i r F o r c e , D e c . 11, 1 9 7 8 . ( A v a i l a b l e f r o m DTIC a s AD A066 9 7 5 . ) 43. V a r l e y , D . J . ; a n d B a r n e s , A . A . , J r . : C i r r u s P a r t i c l e D i s t r i b u t i o n S t u d y , P a r t 4. AFGL-TR-79-0134, U.S. A i r F o r c e , J u n e 1 8 , 1 9 7 9 . ( A v a i l a b l e f r o m DTIC a s AD A074 7 6 3 . ) C i r r u s P a r t i c l e D i s t r i b u t i o n S t u d y , P a r t 5 . AFGL-TR-79-0155, 44. Cohen, I a n D . : U.S. A i r Force, J u l y 13, 1979. ( A v a i l a b l e f r o m D T I C a s AD A077 3 6 1 . )
45. Cohen, I a n D . ; a n d B a r n e s , A r n o l d A . , J r . : C i r r u s P a r t i c l e D i s t r i b u t i o n P a r t 6 . AFGL-TR-80-0261, U . S . A i r Focce, S e p t . 4 , 1980-
stud;^,
46. Varley, Donald J , ; Cohen, Ian D.; and Barnes, Arnold A., Jr.: Cirrus Particle Distribution Study, Part 7. AFGL-TR-80-0324, U.S. Air Force, Oct. 16, 1980.
47. Barnes, A. A., Jr.: Ice Particles in Clear Air. Communications From the Eighth International Conference on Physics of Clouds (Clermont-Fexrand - France), July 15-19, 1980.
48. Braham, Roscoe R., Jr.; and Spyers-Duran, Paul: Survival of Cirrus Crystals in Clear Air. J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 6, no. 6, D e c . 1967, pp. 1053-1061.
(a) By l a t i t u d e .
D
J
Winter
F
M
A
M
Spring
J
J
Summer
A
S
O
N
Autumn
( b ) By season.
Figure 1.- D i s t r i b u t i o n o f c l o u d - d e t e c t o r o b s e r v a t i o n p e r i o d s by l a t i t u d e and s e a s o n . C r o s s h a t c h i n g d e n o t e s o b s e r v a t i o n periods with T I C > 0 . Numbers above b a r s a r e percentage C I V f o r e a c h interval.
0
28.5
33.5
38.5
43.5
kft
(a) By pressure-altitude.
kft
(b) By distance from tropopause,
Figure 2.- Distribution of cloud-detector observation periods by altitude and distance from tropopause. Crosshatching denotes observation periods with TIC > 0 . Numbers above bars are percentage C I V for each interval.
(a) By latitude.
D
J Winter
F
M
A
M
Spring
J
J Summer
A
S
0
N
Autumn
(b) By season. Figure 3.- Distribution of cloud-detector observation periods with accompanying particle-concentration data by latitude and season. Numbers above bars are percentage CIV for each interval.
kft
(a) By pressure-altitude.
kft
(b) By distance from tropopause. Figure 4.- Distribution of cloud-detector observation periods with accompanying pzrticle-concentration data by altitude and distance from 'cropopause. Numbers above bars are percentage CIV for 2sch tnterval,
Distance from tropopause, k f t Figure 5.- V a r i a t i o n of g l o b a l a n n u a l means of cloudiness p a r a m e t e r s with distance,from tropopause. C i r c l e s denote means f o r 5-kft layers.
D i s t a n c e from tropopause, k f t
------ 1 0 t o
1 5 below
5 t o 1 0 below
-- 0 ---
to
5 below
0 to
5 above
CIV
TIC, p e r c e n t F i g u r e 6..- Cloudiness cumulative frequency distribution; global annual mean.
0
Pressure-altitude, kft
(a) Cloudiness parameters.
Pressurealtitude band, kft 28.5t033.5 33.5 to 38.5 38.5 to 43.5
TIC, percent
(b) Cumulative probability distributions.
Figure 7.- Variation of cloudiness with pressure-altitude; global annual mean.
30
r -
4J
20
-
U
k 0
-
! &
E
10
Season
Winter
----------
Spring
A
Sumrne r
I \
I'
(a) 33.5 to 3 8 . 5 k f t .
Autumn
-
0
(b) Troposphere.
~atikude,deg F i g u r e 8 , - V a r i a t i o n of average percentage of t i m e in clouds with latitude by season,
Winter
-
Summer
Spring CI
G
0
Autumn
20
----
u
L-
Northern hemisphere Southern hemisphere
aJ
ai
Iv
lo
0 80° N
60
40
20
0
20
40
L a t i t u d e , deg
F i g u r e 9.-
S e a s o n a l symmetry o f a v e r a g e t i m e i n c l o u d s with l a t i t u d e .
60
80° S
D i s t a n c e below tropopause, k f t
r
-
o---
5 to 10
-
0
0 to
------
5
(a) W i n t e r ,
-
-
C
I I u
I
I
I "n
I
I Or--'
J
Latitude, deg
Figure 10.- Variation of average time in clouds with latitude by season and distance f r o m tropopause. Symbols denote intervals with fewer than 100 observations.
80'
N
60
40
20
0
L a t i t u d e , deg
F i g u r e PO.- Concluded,
20
40'
S
Season
0
D m - - - -
@---
----
Winter
Spring Surnme r Autumn
CIV
Pressure-altitude, k f t (a) Clouds in vicinity.
Figure 11.- Variation of cloudiness parameters with pressure-altitude by season at 40O to 50° N latitude.
Season
0
I3 A
Pressure-altitude, kft (b) Time in clouds. Figure 11.- Concluded.
------ W i n t e r --- Spring
----
Summer Autumn
------
5I
0 (cyclone)
TIC, percent
Figure 12.- Cloudiness cumulative frequency distribution 0 to 10 kft below tropopause in cyclones and anticyclones.
3 pm in diameter, in and out of clouds.
(a) S e a s o n . Season
C l e a r air
(b) Latitude.
Particle concentration, P D 5 , m
-3
Figure 19.- Cumulative frequency distributions for particles > 3 pm in diameter, in and out of c l o u d s .
PD5
1 in clouds
5 10
-
-
PD5
I c l e a r air w i t h
PD5
I clear
CIV
air
kft
( a ) Distance from t r o p o p a u s e .
kf t
(b) P r e s s u r e - a l t i t u d e .
F i g u r e 2 C . - V a r i a t i o n of log-mean of p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n PD5 w i t h a l t i t u d e .
PD5
I in
PD5
1
PD51
Winter
Figure 21.-
Spring
clouds
clear a i r w i t h CIV
clear a i r
S umrne r
Autumn
V a r i a t i o n of log-mean of p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n PD5 w i t h season a t 30° t o 60O N l a t i t u d e .
fi -
Season
A
0
Winter Spring Summer
PD5
PD5
1
1
A
c l e a r air w i t h C I V
clear air
u
Autumn
1
Latitude, deg F i g u r e 22.- V a r i a t i o n of log-mean of particle concentration PD5
with latitude by season.
5 x 1 0
5 x
7
-
lo6 -
m
5
-
4
-
3
-
I
E
5 x 1 0
C
0
.rl
4J
k 4J C
m
c a,
5 x 1 0
ri U
.rl
CI Id
ai CI
C
i
5 x 1 0
N o loss of LF;
/
particle s i z e too small
-
2 5 x 10
I
N o l o s s of LF; p a r t i c l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n t o o low
I
1
1 5 x 10 0
I
I
I
I
1
I
20
40
60
80
100
120
P a r t i c l e e q u i v a l e n t melted d i a m e t e r , pm
Figure 23.-
E s t i m a t e d LF d e g r a d a t i o n w i t h i n c l o u d s a t 40 kft and 0.75 Mach.
I 1
2. Government Accession No.
1. Report No.
NASATP-1886
I
3. Recipient's Catalog No.
1
6. Performing Organization Code
1
4. Title and Subtitle
CLOUD-ENCOUNTER AND PARTICLE-CONCENTRATION VARIABILITIES FROM GASP DATA
5. Report Date
December 1981 534-01-13-06 ...
8. Performing Organ~zationReport No.
7. Author(s)
Gregory D. Nastrom, James D. Holdeman, and Richard E. Davis
L-14483
.
10. Work Unit No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address --
NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23665
- -
I I. Contract or Grant No.
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Technical Paper
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
15. Supplementary Notes
Gregory D. Nastrom: Control Data Corp., Minneapolis, Minnesota. James D. Holdeman: Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Richard E. Davis: Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. 16. Abstract
1
Summary statistics, tabulations, and variability studies are presented for cloudencounter and particle-concentration data taken as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP). Claud encounter was experienced in about 15 percent of the data samples; however, the percentage varies with season, latitude, and altitude (particularly distance from the tropopause). In agreement with classical storm models, the data show more clouds in the upper troposphere in anticyclones than in cyclones. The concentration of particles with a diameter greater than 3 prn also varies with time and location, depending primarily on the horizontal extent of cloudiness. Some examples of the application of the statistical data to the estimation of the
17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s) )
18. Distribution Statement
Probability of cloud encounter Cloud-encounter statistics Aircraft measurements Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) Statistical analysis Laminar-flow-control loss probability Cirrus clouds Meteorological parameters 19. Security Classif. (of this report)
Unclassified
Unclassified - unlimited
. .
Subject Category 47 I
*
20. Security Classif. (of this page)
I
21. No. o f Pages
Unclassified
244
22. Price
All \
For sale by the Nat~onalTechnical Information Service,
S p r i n g f ~ e l dV ,
~ r g ~ n22161 ~a NASA-Langl
ey, 1981
