Global Precipitation Measurement - NASA Technical Reports Server ...

NASA/CP_2002-210012

Global Precipitation Measurement - Report 1 Summary of the First GPM Partners Planning Workshop

J.M. Shepherd, A.Mehta E. A. Smith, W. J. Adams

National Aeronautics

and

Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

April

2002

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NASA/CP_2002-210012


J. Marshall NASA

Shepherd,

Goddard

Eric A. Smith NASA

Goddard

Amita

Space

Flight

and W. James Space

National Aeronautics

Flight

and

Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

April

2002

Mehta, Center; Adams, Center,

Lead

Authors

Greenbelt

MD

Editors Greenbelt

MD

Available

NASA Center 7121 Standard

for AeroSpace Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Price Code: A 17

Information

from: National

Technical

Information 5285

Service

Port Royal

Springfield, Price

Road

VA 22161 Code: A10

Executive This report Partners

provides

a synopsis

Planning

GPM consists sions)

Workshop

issues

technical world

and model

are central

ence (or absence) tionship

of trends

Earth's

climate

central

to improving

on climate

system

of energy sources.

functions.

atmospheric

by NASA

but it has a wide,

of different

nations

analysis

focused

and

around

the

global

water

rainfall

Water

and trends

for GPM,

is

and their influence exchanges

of freshwater

& Energy

to the variety

in rela-

in how the

and land-atmosphere

of its Global

GWEC

the exist-

time series

and availability

point

have on life,

resources.

life cycles

of

understand,

quantifying

variations

storm

Agency

changes

of precipitation change;

As a starting

these

capabilities

so as to be responsive

issues.

from

and predictive

evolution;

mission

funda-

of scientific

Development

of fresh

ocean-atmosphere flood

several

seek to observe,

For example,

of observed

of climate

heating;

scope

on water

system.

measurement

to be the centerpiece

international

Space

the world

and what consequences

basic understanding

processes;

latent

around

and the availability

and prediction

hydrometeorological

and moisture;

is considered

through

enables

mis-

development.

the National

of the Earth

In fact, accurate

understanding

dynamics;

processes

in the GWEC variables,

(NASA),

from nations

understanding

16 to 18, 2001. frequent,

The exchange

representatives

mission

(GPM)

set of satellite

in understanding

(GWEC).

between

of GPM

how it is changing

to hydrological

to a broader

to other climatic

program,

to learn

as they pertain

processes

needs

system

Agency

agencies

essential cycle

workshops

phase

from May

with the main goal of providing

and energy GPM

Park,

Measurement

(i.e., an international

measurements

water

and Space

and other interested

the Earth

particularly

precipitation

at this and subsequent

Aeronautics

(NASDA),

program,

Precipitation

College

constellation

research

a key step !in the formulation

The U.S. National Japan

scientific

of Maryland,

satellite

with the global

information

represents

global

distributed

associated

of the First Global

held at the University

of a multi-member

and globally

mental

GPM

of the proceedings

and the accompanying

accurate,

Summary

re-

Cycle

research

of specialized

NASA

research

and NASDA

have

entered into a partnership and have taken steps in the definition of preliminary science and technology concepts. This includes the development of a core satellite whose role will be to extend the accuracy and precision

of satellite

fer standard requires GPM

Planning

issues,

future

Workshop

existing

plans

have

of meeting

identifying

additional

list of attendees

needs

However, beyond

From

engineers,

plenary

of potential

partners

and supporting

is provided.


mission

formulation

the United

session

provide

States

input

and trans-

and implementation

and Japan.

from around on science

The First

the world

to

and technology

mission.

presentations,

a set of critical

with international,

a technologically-sound

and act as a reference

and policymakers GPM

this workshop,

agreements

mission-critical

successful

new partnerships,

objectives,

potential

that between

for an international

appropriate

(4) defining

to their fullest

scientists,

establish

been presented.

(2) determining issues;

convened

the framework

of: (1) seeking

partners;

members. relationships

partnerships,

an overview

sisting logical

committed

and develop

Herein,

measurements

to other constellation

additional

stimulate

precipitation

break-out action

interagency,

and stakeholders;

In addition,

summaries,

was established

academic,

(3) pursuing

and scientifically-credible data streams.

items

group

con-

and corporate

and assessing

mission

and

concept;

the workshop

technoand (5)

agenda

and

Table of Contents

List of Key Acronyms 1.0

Opening

2.0

Objectives

3.0

GPM Partnerships:

4.0

Session

.................................................................................................................

v

..........................................................................................................................

and Opportunities

1

......................................................................................................

1

Session

1 ......................................................................................................

3

GPM Partnerships:

Session

2 ......................................................................................................

6

5.0

GPM Partnerships:

Session

3 ......................................................................................................

8

6.0

Session

on GPM

7.0

Session

on Research

8.0

Breakout

Group

1" Engineering

9.0

Breakout

Group

2: Retrieval,

10.0

Breakout

Group

3: Interdisciplinary

11.0

Partnership

12.0

Future

Concept

Opportunities

and Science

Plans

.......................................................................................................... in Hydrology Issues CalVal,

Progress

and GWEC

Science

....................................

...................................................................................... & Product

Science

Continuity

Requirements

10 14 15

....................................................

16

.....................................................

16

..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

19 21

Appendix

A: Meeting

Agenda

.................................................................................................

A-1

Appendix

B: List of Attendees

................................................................................................

B- 1


iii

List of Key Acronyms

AIRS

Atmospheric

AMSR

Advanced

Microwave

Sounding

Radiometer

AMSU

Advanced

Microwave

Sounding

Unit

ARMAR

Airborne

ASI

Agenzia

BALTEX

Baltic

BMRC

Bureau

CAL/VAL

Calibration/Validation

CEOP

Coordinated

CERAD

Central

European

CERES

Clouds

and the Earth's

CMIS

Conical

CNR

Consiglio

CNES

Centre

CRL

Communications

DMSP

Defense

DPR

Dual Frequency

DSD

Drop Size Distribution

EC

Environment

ECMWF

European

EGPM

Euro-GPM

ESA

European

ETL

Environmental

F/O

Follow

GEM

Geosynchronous

GEWEX

Global

Water

GHCC

Global

Hydrology

GMS

Geostationary

Meteorological

GOES

Geostationary

Operational

GPM

Global

Infrared

Sounder

Rain Mapping Spaziale

Radar

Italiana

Sea Experiment of Meteorology

Research

Enhanced

Observation

Weather

Microwave

National

Period

Radar

Radiant

Imager

Nazionale

Centre

Network

Energy

System

Sounder

delle Ricerche

d'Etudes

Spatiales

Research

Meteorological

Laboratory Satellite

Precipitation

Program

Radar

Canada Center

for Medium-Range

Space

Weather

Forecasts

Agency Technology

Laboratory

On Microwave and Energy

Precipitation


Sounder/Imager Cycle

Experiment

and Climate

Center Satellite

Environmental

Measurement

Satellite

GSFC

GoddardSpaceFlight Center

GWEC

GlobalWaterandEnergyCycle

INPE

NationalInstitutefor SpaceResearch

IPO

IntegratedProgramOffice

IR

Infrared

ISRO

Indian SpaceResearchOffice

JMA

Japanese MeteorologicalAgency

JPL

JetPropulsionLaboratory

KMA

Korean

LOA

Letter

LMD

Laboratoire

MIT

Massachusetts

MSFC

Marshall

MODIS

Moderate

MOU

Memorandum

NASA

National

Aeronautics

NASDA

National

Space

NCAR

National

Center

NOAA

National

Oceanic

NPOESS

National

Polar

NWP

Numerical

NRL

Naval

PMR

Passive

Microwave

PMW

Passive

Microwave

POES

Polar

POLDIRAD

Polarization

Doppler

PR

Precipitation

Radar

SSM/I

Special

TRMM

Tropical

Rainfall

TMI

TRMM

Microwave

USDA

United

VIS

Visible

Meteorological

Agency

of Agreement de Meteorologie Institute

Space

Flight

Resolution

Dynamique

of Technology Center Imaging

Spectroradiometer

of Understanding

Development

Administration

Environmental

Satellite

System

Prediction

Laboratory Radiometer

Environmental

Sensor

States

of Japan

Research

and Atmospheric

Orbiting

Research

Administration

Agency

for Atmospheric

Weather

Orbiting

and Space

Satellite

Radar

Microwave/Imager Measuring

Mission

Imager

Department

of Agriculture

Global Summary

Precipitation

of the First

GPM

Measurement

Partners

Plannin_

- Report Workshop

I

1.0 Opening

Session

After a brief

orientation

and overview

shop agenda by Global (GPM)

Project

Goddard), offered

Mr.

Dr. M. Cleave

representing

s interest

Associate

(NASA

of the workMeasurement

J. Adams

(NASA

on behalf

(3" the a_ency

Asrar

Precipitation

Manager,

a welcome

sented

•

of NASA

acknowledged

highlighted

tional partnership by NASA

and NASDA

Measuring

Mission

water

storage

to inform

hydrologic

To improve

weather

•

the

frequency

mission

interna-

undertaken

for the Tropical

The rate of water

•

Rainfall

There

bearing

how the advances

satellites

studies

measurements

of precipitating

information

would

models

operational

agencies

ers, and community emphasizing

cycling

(NCAR)

to improve

Such

Climate

resource

Dr. Cleave

aims to be global

and expertise

closed

radar observations,

by

K. Nakamura

chaired

the Session

ties. Prof.

P. Morel

tical) prediction

Baltimore

County)

Global concepts

Precipitation

(University

water

system

Comparing

the prospects

Observing

were addressed

System.

(Figure

To resolve cycling

a scientific

of water

question

in the Earth

at for a •

precipitation? about

be used

from

ground-based

weather to deliver

of area-averaged

rainfall

provide

reliable

rate

(statis-

precipitation for strategic

management.

forecasts

be improved

of global model

precipitation

predictions

globally

by

with observed

is a powerful

tool for improving

data?

diagnostic

formulations

"wet processes"

throughout

(i.e. evaporation condensation).

and transformation,

of

the Earth system not just

Four broad

1):

Why do we want to know global •

research

and Opportuniof Maryland

information

that most matter

Can weather

of Nagoya)

on Objectives discussed

and

Global

cycling

of area-averaged

on time scales

•

Opportunities

(University

Model)

management?

The goal is to eventually

of the

precipitation Prof.

System

and rain gauges

optimal estimates and accumulation.

in its

in all aspects

measurements,

assimilation and

climate

for Atmospheric

of water system

is merging

satellite

(NASDA) followed with an overview of NSDA's Earth Observation Program and the agency' s interest in GPM.

Objectives

from

(e.g. International

water

manag-

GPM constellation, its ground systems, and associated scientific research. Dr. Y. Furuhama

2.0

of storms

Project).

The challenge

or

observation and in its partnerships. She extended an invitation for countries around the world to contribute resources

may be directly

Center

How can knowledge

frequent

not only by scientist

planners.

Accelerating?

evidence

(e.g. National

Precipitation

weather

more

systems.

but farmers,

that GPM

of dual

improve

by providing

be useful

Cycle

precipita-

of radiometer-

on GPM would

and hydrology

of

forecasts

of instantaneous

is conflicting

Research

radar and a constellation

models

related to the frequency and intensity and total rainfall amount.

(TRMM).

discussed

and rainfall

Water

from observations Dr. Cleave

over conti-

and river flow.

Is the Global

participa-

the successful

and science

in order

totals

Dr. G.

large turnout and level of international tion. Dr. Cleave

and pre-

Dr. Cleave,

Administrator

nents

precipitation

through assimilation tion data.

Headquarters)

in GPM.

Headquarters),

•

(NASA

To determine

the rate of

system.


Assimilation

of observed

latent

heat release

ability

of future

provides weather

precipitation augmented developments.

and predict-

%

.-_

....

,

....

E

,.,,.

!

r-"

,r-. N

,--

o

_.,

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b

t

N.

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_

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m 1_ m

¢

"!;

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k.

0 _" .,=

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_

.

_

_

-

_

J

•

i

-Ili

--.

(,.,)

...

_

I

•_ .__

_

__._.=_

g_ i

Global Summary

Precipitation

Measurement-

of the First GPM Partners

Planning

Report Workshop

1

Dr. J. Simpson

(NASA

GPM's

to TRMM

heritage

successes

discussed

and highlighted

over the past three one-half

focused

on TRMM's

tropical

ocean

25 percent),

rainfall

estimates

positively

and contributing

tropical

cyclones.

in the fields Dr. Simpson TRMM.

lessons

•

High quality regional rain gauge networks and associated data streams.

•

Precipitation streams.

to of

contributions

(2) Exchange

and hydrology.

some

High quality validation super sites and associated data streams.

Solid planning.

•

Excellent

•

Close teamwork teams. science

information

critical

project

and science

team involvement

on major

engineering

scientific

and technical

architecture.

• Radiometer

with NASDA.

between

data

from the

• Orbit

collaborations

and ancillary

objectives.

learned

(3) Discuss issues.

•

Early

50 percent monitoring

She also mentioned

offered

in

mesoscale-cloud

to improved

of oceanography

She

uncertainty

(from

impacting

• its

years.

role in reducing

models,

•

Goddard)

frequencies.

•

General

algorithm

•

Radiation-cloud

•

Design/focus

design. modeling.

of validation

system.

with data

systems. •

Reasonable

algorithm

due to prototype •

•

Good

3.0

"at launch"

testing.

Data reprocessing improved

results

GPM Partnerships:

The session

every

6 to 12 months

with

algorithms.

State

sentations

from NASA,

Space

data accessibility.

Agency

ning for GPM. discussed

Dr. Simpson remedy

also commented

TRMM's

sampling

reflectivity-rain

on GPM's

two most serious

(passive

microwave

Project

Goddard),

outlined

Dr. Eric

broad

to

of

and

(dual frequency

Scientist, three

ability

problems

cluster)

relationship

The GPM

was chaired

(Colorado

radar).

Smith

objectives

(NASA

Science

for the

(1) How

(2) How existing

partnerships (This

assessing

readiness

partner

objective

and initiate includes

and identifying

Enterprise

•

Space

plan-

agencies

also

or role in GPM.

Headquarters),

GPM

Profor GPM the Earth

plan:

and associated

data

streams.

and what

are the

is the global

Earth

are the primary

system

forcings

changing? of the Earth

system?

(5) What Earth (6) How Earth

Global Precipitation Measurement - Report l Summary of the First GPM Partners Planning Workshop

changing

for life on Earth?

does the Earth

and human-induced

engagement. hardware

interest

science

is the Earth

(3) What

(4) How

assets). • Scientist

and future States

gram Scientist, discussed NASA planning within the context of questions composing

consequences

new partnerships

United

of pre-

and the European

on current

their provisional

Dr. R. Kakar

C. Kummerow

and consisted

NASDA,

Several

1

(NASA

workshop.

(1) Stimulate

by Prof.

University) (ESA)

Session

system

for human

well can we predict system?

to natural

changes?

are the consequences system

respond

of changes

in the

civilization? future

changes

in the

Thesesix questionsarefurther sub-dividedinto 23 specificquestions.Of thesequestions,therelevant scienceplan questionsfor GPM are-•

How areglobalprecipitation,evaporation,and thecycling of waterchanging?

•

How arevariationsin local weather,precipitation, andwaterresourcesrelatedto global climatevariation?

•

How canweatherforecastdurationandreliability be improvedby newspace-based observations,dataassimilationandmodeling?

tureandotherclimatevariablesanddo we understandthis response? How directlyis the surfacehydrologycoupled to the rainfall/evaporationanddo we understandtherelationshipwell enoughto beof predictivevalue? Whatis theeffectof rainfall over theoceans uponocean-atmosphere energyexchangeand feedbackmechanismsandcanweunderstand this feedback?

Dr. R. Oki, Dr. N. Takahashi, (NASDA) TRMM

In establishinga motivationfor GPM, Dr. Kakar notedthatin aneraof climatic uncertainty,it shouldbepossibleto detectunderstandandreactto earlysignsthatrainfall patternsmay bechanging. Thetransientnatureof rainfall makesthe detection of subtlechangesdifficult. Rainfall information overapproximatelythree-hourlytime scalesis neededto improvenumericalprediction,data assimilationandflood forecastmodels.TRMM is limited to thetropics(35Nto 35S)anda sampling frequencythatat anypoint is limited to roughly 1 sampleevery 15(50) hoursfor the radiometer (radar). Accordingto Dr. Kakar,future challengeswill involve observingwaterin variousstatesandthe relatedfluxes well enoughto closethe hydrologic cycle;developingandimplementingGPM; and modelingtheglobalhydrologicatmosphericcycle well enoughto distinguishnaturalvariability from long termtrendsassociatedwith climatechange. Suchchallengeswill only bemetthroughthe establishmentof interdisciplinary,interagency,and internationalpartnerships,andstrongscience teams.Kakarconcludedwith a discussionof key questionsrelevantfor a newobservingsystemlike GPM.Thesequestionswere--

reviewed

provided

Radar

On (F/O).

How arethe rainfall andrainfall structure respondingto changesin the Earth'stempera-

participation

in

of the first space-borne

(PR) in the world.

the expectations

Dr. Oki also

for the TRMM

The F/O would

extend

broader area and include or snow.

Follow-

observations

provisions

to a

to observe

rain

Dr. Oki also provided an overview of NASDA's current scenario of Earth observations from 2002 2017. Dr. Oki discussed in the GPM concept and GPM concept Radar

includes (DPR).

because

also provides and attenuation, and rain/ice contribute

to improved

aboard

injecting orbits.

merging

estimates, algorithms.

the DPR timeline,

the H-IIA

In summary,

analysis

The DPR may also

radiometer

GCOM-A1

mended

of weak

of reflectivity

drop size distribution

Dr. Oki also discussed options

measure

measurement

discrimination.

rocket,

and GPM the NASDA

NASDA's

launch

and options officials

ATMOS-A1

recomand

of the complementary

Dr. P. Baptista

provided

members,

Pilot Project, and objectives.

from Euro-TRMM,

Global Summary

an overview

its composition

of the of

Due to lessons-learned

the European

Precipitation

of the First

for

core to proper

NASA's GPM because nature of the missions. (ESA)

1

is important

The dual-frequency

accurate

1

Precipitation

radar

a sensitive

and snowfall.

to

participation

The ATMOS-A

a Dual-Frequency

The Ka-band

it provides

rainfall

the NASDA

and the GCOM-ATMOS-A

core configurations.

Euro-TRMM

•

NASDA's

and development

Precipitation

and Mr. K. Ohta

GPM

Center

Measurement Partners

Planning

for

- Report Workshop

1

Medium-Range planning

Weather

to assimilate

Forecasts

(ECMWF)

precipitation

is

data operation-

ally from 2003. An overview Missions

of ESA's

program

Earth Watch

service-oriented research-oriented tion techniques. Sciences

The program

• A robust

technology

The Naval

Research

GPM

Dr. Baptista

spective,

work

noted

that ESA's

ESA's

Spazio

contribution

Earth Explorer formal

Science

include

Prepa-

tion, observation

•

of Deputy (National

Administration

Oceanic

(NOAA))

requirements discussed

Director

that GPM how GPM's

would

applications

west coast

tation,

and climate

processes. bridge

•

Documented moisture.

• Expertise operational

Dr. R. NOAA

Dr. Ferraro of

(PMR), reduction of microphysical requirements

rainfall,

and tropical

frozen

For NOAA,

precipiGPM

the rainfall

gaps. In summary, has --

user requirements

Environmental

•

NRL

remote

product

generation.

interest

and Mr.

from an NRL

in

J. per-

were made --

More

physDr.

for atmospheric

sensing

and


(SSM/I)

have shifted

wave-based •

from the Special

Imager

to a more regional

on geostationary

updates

of microwave-based

would

find use in nowcasting

model

assimilation

utilizes

rainfall

information,

The NRL

home)

applications

and retrieved

wind

(http://kauai.nrlmry.navy.mil/ for hurricane

is also interested

Traditional

lems for the NRL MW-based

monitoring. in capturing

limitations

rapidly-

sensors,

limited

adequate

relative

and low blended

are cited as prob-

applications:

number

temporal

from IR only, time gaps between overpasses

and

microwave

evolving rain events using geosynchronous earth orbiting satellites as well as IR-MW products.

data

techniques.

the high resolution

data from TRMM tc-bin/tc

and micro-

applications.

frequent

The NRL

are being

on the globe.

has focused

events,

of

resolution

successive

to time scale of storm

orographically-based

MW evolution,

and artifacts

in the

MW data (e.g. snow, poor geolocation, etc.) GPM would contribute to all of these research activities. Dr. T. Jackson Agriculture

in rainfall

GPM points

data records

Requirements

imager,

overpasses

between

ics and temporal sampling Ferraro stated that NOAA

rain and

specific

benefit.

NOAA

potential, a potential

predic-

gaps in the

to data assimilation,

rainfall offers

would

weather

outlined

increased

benefit

related

a

and Atmospheric

would

In examining the following

scale anywhere

and approved.

M. Colton,

passive microwave radiometers in coverage gaps, and collection datasets

•

however,

of mid- and high-latitude observational

(NRL)

by Dr. J. Turk

Sensor Microwave archived.

as an

for GPM

of numerical

snow, and covering Mediterranean.

Ferraro

mission,

objectives

improvement

(France).

be implemented

must be submitted

European

On behalf

and Alcatel

Opportunity

proposal

Expected

could

Laboratory's

missions

a GPM

(Italy)

transfer.

was presented

Hawkins.

ratory Group taken from EuroTRMM. System studies for GPM drones started in November 2000 with Alenia

and collaborative

recommended

in precipitation

ESA has established

sensing

has

is an operational,

Committee

in remote

Future

set of missions. Earth Explorer is and demonstrates new observa-

Advisory

that ESA should (1996).

Observation

was presented.

two components.

Earth

Earth

• Experience efforts.

(United

(USDA))

spoke

but was not an official He spoke

highly

States

Department

as a USDA

representative

of the anticipated

high temporal

resolution

vide in USDA

applications.

rainfall

of scientist

of the agency. benefits

data would

Particular

that pro-

areas of

interest

include

precipitation

measurements

and applications

Dr. S. Schneider Polar

Orbiting

Integrated

Office

Orbiting

programs

of key instruments summary

Satellite

efforts

provided

for the Conical

Sounder

(CMIS)

NPOESS theoretical

of CMIS

wave

in GPM.

an overview interpolator.

The GEM

baseline

is approximately pling)

above

channels.

at sub-hourly

2-5 km altitude

clouds

resolution

weather

prediction

The estimated

(NWP)

costs

NCAR

of warm/cold

and M. Moncrieff

and the role of cloud

mining precipitation GPM assets. GPM research

The imporin precipitation

dynamics

in deter-

type can be addressed with science would also benefit from

efforts

parameterization

Research

interests.

rain processes

to improve

in cloud

models.

for cloud

microphysical These

model

used in rain retrieval

models

4.0 GPM This session,

channels

efforts

hydrometeor

and latent

heating

Session

2

presentations

from several

non-recurring

and roles

(Japa-

included

international

Brazil,

Italy, South

interests

(JMA)),

representa-

to the U.S. and Japan,

presented

with hourly

Canada,

Korea,

France,

Spain,

India,

and United

their countries' in participating

represent>

provisional in the GPM

program. data. plus

how higher

convective that GEM

cells, light rain, and snow. He proposed could be used as a cost-effective AMSUto obtain

by Dr. T. Nakazawa Agency

Kingdom

numerical

can identify

chaired

nese Meteorological

Dr. M. Manton, Centry

also demonstrated

Partnerships:

Germany,

channels

to drive

are $29M

for GPM

passive

and NOAA

for Atmospheric

clouds

(> 89 GHz)

interpolator

discussed

can map

frequency

class

applica-

precipitation,

J. Stith,

tives from Australia,

per unit.

Dr. Gasiewski

Center

(NCAR))

tives. In addition

frequency

opaque

and sounding

sufficiently

is

and 424

over sam-

at highest

most optically

intervals,

penetrate

-26M

system

The equatorial

20 km (15 km using

through

coast

GPM

studies,

be used as

The 380 and 424 GHz channels

precipitation

Radiometer),

assimilation,

devel-

simula-

initiatives.

(National

NCAR

algorithm aircraft

algorithms.

Micro-

at 54, 118, 183,380,

GHz with a 2-m aperture.

to Pacific

services

for GPM

radar-based

radiance

of an time

This presentation that could

of channels

microwave

Scanning

have implications

the

of a Geosynchronous (GEM)

a GPM

tion of GPM

interests

and retrieval

and ground

GPM

Technology

Sounder/Imager

composed

products

presented

design

tion (Polarimetric

evolution

also discussed

Environmental

(ETL)

provided

GPM passive

tance

of the

a part of the GPM

(NOAA/ETL)

of NOAA's

Laboratory

GEM

opment,

profiles

Dr. A. Gasiewski interests

Imager

within

ETL research

include:

validation

A demonstration

is possible

Drs. A. Heymsfield, The

prediction and analyin summary, that

be considered

system

NOAA

climate

and

and NPOESS

of precipitation.

operational frame.

microwave

to GPM

description,

Microwave

on global numerical weather sis. The presenters remarked, NPOESS could constellation.

and the

(POES)

relevant

The presentation

impacts

the

A summary

as a key component

mission.

struc-

was also presented.

a heritage,

schedule

(DMSP)

program.

in NPOESS

retrieval

with an

to consolidate

Satellite

Environmental

covered

began

observations

Other

System/

Office's

efforts

into the NPOESS

and rainfall

They

Program

and ongoing

Meteorological

(National

(NPOESS/IPO))

role in GPM.

ture, n-fission, Polar

Satellite

of the Integrated

Defense

M. Sorrells

Environmental

Program

and

in hydrology.

and Major

NPOESS/IPO's overview

of soil moisture

more

time-resolved

(Bureau

(BMRC)),

pointed

of Meteorology

Research

out Australia's

interests

in GPM from points of view of rainfall analysis, verification of model rainfall, rainfall assimilation and ensemble

prediction,

nent of continental a review of current ing projects

and as a critical

scale water budget. rainfall observations

in Australia,

and outlined

compo-

He provided and modelthe future

Global Precipitation Measurement- Report 1 Summary of the First GPM Partners Planning Workshop

plans

for rainfall

Manton

pointed

TRMM

ground

cloud

radar,

planned.

observations validation

and wind

A possibility

polarization

in Australia.

out that in addition radars

at Darwin,

profilers

have

Dr. A.K.S. (ISRO))

a lidar,

also been

of dual frequency,

radar at Brisbane

Dr.

to one of the

dual

Space

Research

India's

future

remote

Institute Brazil's

and Profl C. Nobre

mission

(National

India's

for Space Research (INPE)) presented interests in GPM. Dr. R. Stewart and Mr.

B. Goodison (Environment Canada) overview of how GPM can be useful

provided in some

an of

Space

Research

a synopsis

Program. sensing

Office

of the

He outlined

space

MeghaTropiques,

missions,

a joint

Indo-French

designed

to measure

rainfall.

further

exploration

of the possibility

suggested Dr. R. Calheiros

(Indian presented

Indian

including

was also mentioned.

Gopalan

from India

participation

Dr. R. Bennartz University

Dr. Gopalan of

in GPM. (Free

University

of Kansas)

of Berlin

presented

and

Germany's

programmatic

Canada's rain and snow-related issues, and how Canada can contribute to the GPM. Dr. Stewart

GPM.

Dr. Bennartz

emphasized

including ongoing TRMM-related research and use of EUROTRMM and EURAINSAT. He also com-

the importance

that of snow, tions,

in affecting

lake-levels,

flood

He showed

challenge,

because of inadequate rain/snow information

condi-

mented

and transporta-

that measuring

in the northern

spatial

precipitation

over Canada,

tial applications logical

and temporal along

in weather

models.

Radar

(POLDIRAD),

Weather

Radar

Network

The would

Water

radar and other monitoring ute to GPM

and hydrowould

contrib-

of Versailles

and Dr. Michel and Laboratoire (LMD))

focused

component

of GPM

(E-GPM),

various

radar

(NPR)

NPR frequencies,

and dynamic possible

coverage

uses of NPR

in calibrating

and inclusion

in E-GPM.

of

Among

may be, used as an input

to the retrievals

explore

measurements

new technology from future

1)

imager,

characteristics,

from Dr.

for precipitation

operational

out a need

microwave

channel

for (i.e.

ice and mixed

satellites.


and Professor

(Consiglio

Nazionale

University

of Ferrara)

summary

outlined

150

phase

to GPM.

Dr. Mugnai and Italian

designed

in support

also commented of GPM.

presented

of 1 drone

a

mission of GPM.

studies Dr.

project

to Dr. Mugnai,

of 1-2 drone

mission

and

interest/

on EuRainSat

According

mission

Prodi (CNR)

Italy's

of European

context

and Italian

Franco

delle Ricerche

Mugnai European

which

microwave imager. In his concluding remarks, Testud noted that inclusion of NPR in E-GPM would

and

site.

specifically

two

in E-GPM,

of microwave

rain-layer

models,

cloud

precipitation. He also suggested that BALTEX radar network/Data Center can be used as a GPM

contribution

antenna size

of rain. He suggested measurements

the retrieval

and 2) in deriving

on the European

between

passive

for observing

Dr. A. Mugnai

Dr. Testud found 35 GHz,

to be the best compromise

forecasting

He pointed

in GPM

for

(University

de Meteorologie

Dynamique nadir-pointing

Desbois

products

precipitation GHz)

purposes.

range

physics.

indicated

GPM

high latitude

validation Dr. J. Testud

in medium

European

and Global

Sea Experiment

and for understanding high frequency

that Canadian

Central

Baltic

in using

of cur-

to Polarization

Dr. Bennartz

interest

assimilation of

with their poten-

networks

for validation

Germany's

in

in Germany

(CERAD),

Cycle

(GEWEX/BALTEX).

distributions

noted

and Energy

an overview

related

Doppler

prediction

Dr. Stewart

on their research

snowfall

surface observations. obtained from GPM

interest/role

projects

part of Canada,

be very useful over these poorly observed areas. Moreover, GPM measurements will be useful in understanding

provided

rent precipitation-related

particularly

and drought

hydro-electricity,

tion in Canada. is a major

of water,

and scientific

provi-

sional

satellites satellite

(EGPM), (IGPM),

would carry microwave radiometers in sun-synchronous orbits. He mentioned that the EGPM might

also carry a radar

indicated

strong

interest

on-board.

Dr. Mugnai

of the Italian

in

the

scientific

community

in GPM

potential

products

because

analysis.

of their

Particularly,

improved

use in-

IR/VIS

and providing • Observing

mid-latitude

precipitation

and other

and cloud

microphysical

that produce tions.

flash-floods

structure

of GPM

frequent

and hazardous

measurements

and reliable necessary

5.0 GPM

condi-

precipitation

NASA,

for hydrological

(CRL), Range of and assimilating

in numerical

weather

the air-sea

(KMA))

models.

energy basins

GPM.

about

He focused

tion system regional

exchange

Meteorological South Korea's

that South

Korea

of GPM

3brres,

of Profs.

and fresh and

Agency ground

could

in

mented

Provisional

This presentation

described

ground

in Spain validation

could

active

consistent

in GPM.

be used in the GPM

Kingdom's

provisional

of the outstanding samplings

(IR) and visible

addition

to passive

algorithm

hardware

measurements rainfall,

that several

and technology

Some

and spatial

importance

in the key GPM

development,

United

in GPM.

temporal

from

from

various

satellites

to

data assimila-

and climate

analysis

also has expertise

and

in land,

to advancing In addition,

GPM science Dr. Hou noted,

goals and applications. Goddard would use

in data assimilation

to improve

and forecast,

mesos-

and to improve

physi-

in models.

of

offered

(PMW)

of weak

It was suggested

be involved

through

(VIS)

microwave

als, and measurements would

about

for rain measurements,

infrared

discussed.

interest/role

issues

in

measurements,

data sets, satellite

cal parameterization Lab)

for rain retrieval

Goddard

cale simulation (University

heritage,

and experience

ocean, atmosphere models, and cumulus ensemble models. In these areas, Goddard would contribute

GPM data

efforts.

an overview and con>

of the TRMM

microwave

models,

studies.

of Dr. F.

with GPM.

expertise

retrieved

tion in numerical

interest/role

at GSFC,

development

produce

presented

provided

research

and passive

for

contribute

on behalf

Goddard),

that because

rainfall

how measurements

and Chilbolten

for Medium-

(ECMWF).

Goddard),

has developed

merging

Goddard)

Drs. C. Kidd and J. Goddard Birmingham

from

Laboratory

on how it can be extended

valida-

and D. Sempre-

(NASA

Spain/Catalonia's available

(NASA

(NASA

algorithm

interest/role

products.

M. C. Lasat

Dr. A. Amitai

(NASA

contributions

Center

Forecasts

of TRMM-related

process On behalf

3

by Dr. R. Adler on planned

and the European

Dr. A. Hou

such as Adriatic

on the extensive

validation

Session

Research

Dr. Hou noted

(Korean

talked

field experiment

was also mentioned.

Communications

Goddard Dr. Hyo-Sang

were

of precipitation

prediction

water budget in ocean Aegean Seas.

chaired

focused

Weather

Einaudi • Determining

radar data,

validation,

cold season

validation

Partnerships:

Goddard),

predictions. • Validating

for GPM,

Doppler

of storms

This session, • Getting

in developing

algorithms

data for ground

A possible

in support • Understanding

and PMW

dual-polarized

surface

mentioned.

systems.

their interests

Dr. H. Masuko Research planned

Laboratory contribution

sized that in addition

in

measurements would

were

water

emphasized

activities

and energy

wide range

contribution,

higher

to the tropical

latitudes,

rainfall,

GPM

latitudes

studies

and for

Moreover,

he

studies.

of precipitation,

empha-

at higher

for climate

cycle

CRL's

Dr. Masuko

the need for accurate

over the tropics and

presented

of precipitation

be very useful

UK groups

(CRL)

Communications

to GPM.

of

rain retriev-

and data validation

and T. Iguchi

observations

i.e. from

to weak rainfall by dual-frequency

strong

of a rainfall

and snowfall

over

(14 and 35

Global Precipitation Measurement- Report 1 Summary of the First GPM Partners Planning Workshop

GHz) radar.Dr. MasukopresentedCRL'splanto collaboratewith NASDA in developinga 35GHzbandsystemandshowedtentativespecificationsof the radar.CRL'scontributionin developingretrieval algorithmfor the 35 GHzband,andin calibrationandvalidationof retrievalswerealso mentioned.

useful

in the GPM

European

J.-E

Center

Forecasting

Mahfouf,

for Medium-Range

(ECMWF)

from GPM

outlined

and their plans

in ECMWF

model.

variety

of satellite

model.

Among

for generation,

archival,

wind

Geostationary and Geostationary Satellite

and surface

ERS-2

are operationally plans

(or direct showed derived

uses a

wind

data products

from GPM

that GHCC's

strength

ing aircraft-based

also involve

radiance)

water

SatelEnvi-

vapor

Current

from

in the model.

in terms

of intensity

Bonnie,

indicated

and track

forecast

described

in development operated

with TRMM

rain rates TMI-PR shown

gave an overview scheduled GPM

of Hurricane to

geometry

errors

due to spatial stability

satellites

were also found

for the forecast

among errors.

it was noted

accurate

Goodman, Knupp, Marshall Center

Based

Km resolution (with

C. Laymon,

H. Michael

Hydrology

presented

GPM.

Dr. Robertson

being

carried out at Marshall

and

Goodman,

and Climate

a number GHCC,

S. K.

from NASA

their planned

outlined

experi-

need

G. Jedlovec,

role in of projects

which

may be

Global Precipitation Measurement - Report I Summary of the First GPM Partners Planning Workshop

developed

ment

mission.

of the dual-frequency

Dr. Im

rain radar

with the planned

and frequency.

JPL's

plans

for the

algorithm development, and were also outlined. Particu-

to provide

preliminary

radar-only

plan to support

GPM

metrics

mission

assessment

and radar/radiom-

In addition,

architecture

baseline

of impact

for the As presented

a new dual frequency

algorithms.

mission

which

and frequency,

for the GPM

precipitation

the eventual

forecasting.

and R. Spencer)

and the Global (GHCC)

would

in real-time

R. Hood,

various

responsible

on some these

for improved

S. Graves,

Goddard

and

instruments/

to be partially

from GPM

Dr. E Robertson

mismatch

that ECMWF

rain-rates

with -30

various

rain

In addition,

and temporal

retrieval

ments,

and accurate

forecast.

Radar

to

such as

(ARMAR)

were mentioned.

radar ground testing, calibration/validation of GPM

Labora-

contribution

PR geometry

to fly in CAMEX-4

eter combined

help improve

ground

and accomplishments

Radar

(15 and 35 GHz)

detection

and rain rate errors,

data

(Jet Propulsion

by Dr. Ira, JPL will build radar

was sensitive

Profiling mission,

larly, JPL plans

would

such as CoHMEX,

of rain radar technology,

Rain Mapping

the rain rates used. From their analysis, it was shown that forecast errors were due to the rain rates

includ-

instruments,

their planned

Airborne

CloudSat

of rain rates

The results,

that the forecast

management

JPL's involvement

and Cloud

Dr. Marcel

results of an experiment in which from TRMM TMI, and combined

were assimilated

and

and near

assimilation

in the model.

out

in field measurements

3 and 4, and data management

the GPM.

from SSM/I

used.

radiometer

as well. He pointed

and ground-based

mission

tory (JPL))

from

Operational

vectors

of microwave

Dr. E. Im and Z. Haddad

in the

Meteorological

(GOES),

SSM/I, future

ECMWF

vectors

lite (GMS),

as a data center

products

the GPM data

data for assimilation

these,

serve

and distribution

mining, would also make it an important validation center for GPM data.

their requirements

Currently,

GHCC

and would

CAMEX

Weather

for using

METEOSAT, ronmental

and P. Bauer

For example, for SSM/I

science Dr. ¥. Marecal,

mission.

has been one of the data centers

on trade

concepts, concept,

on technology

JPL and studies

of

reviews

of

and developutilization.

Current

6.0 Session on GPM Concept

science

encouraging Prof. T. Wilheit discussing (NASA

(Texas A & M) chaired

the GPM Goddard)

view of GPM. evolution

concept.

began

provided

comprise

with a timeline (Figure

concept

science

tematic

measurement

of the constitusatellites

3).

sions.

The comparison

science GPM data

also illustrated

track),

antenna

and application configuration

system

capabilities

and relevant

issues.

Advanced

discussed

by the

technology

A more in-depth

GPM partner contributions "draft" timelines. Mr. Adams

gained

and

overview

was presented

the objectives

Define

•

Examine

•

Gain agency

mission

An additional assessment

options,

define

approval

of the GPM

(conical

altitude,

mary trade

readiness

space

continued

(GPM radiometer that --

(10.7,

19,

vs. cross

spatial

assessment

resolu-

are the pri-

factors. with a discussion candidate).

of the TMI+

The main

•

TMI+

nomenclature

•

U.S. industry ideas are being will be due in late June.

-Phase

to proceed

into formula•

goal is to complete

an independent

if options

and that sufficient for proceeding

•

partnerships.

were fully

points

are

is only temporary. sought

and results

justification

Current

and proceed

is to select

to define science

and scope

requirements

of providing

the rationale

liminary

acquisitions.

The presentation

of the formulation

issues,

TMI+

functionality

similar

of frequency,

After

workshop,

science

scan strategy,

150 GHz channel

auxiliary

single

scanner

(matched

to Dual Frequency footprint)

and

channel

possible

(DPR)

to TRMM

and

cross-track Precipita-

will be considered.

was estab-

trade

space

an instruwith the

to begin

pre-

also proplan, system

issues.

noted

investigating

a mission

intention

engineering

2002

with the recommended

A final goal of the Study

a synopsis

B to start January

TMI in terms resolution.

Adams

suite to meet

phase C/D 2003

tion Radar

option.

l0

for the GPM selection

of

with

concept.

to determine

explored

vided

factors

The primary

tion, cost and complexity), and technology readiness assessment. For the radar, accommodations

requirements.

tion with a single

ment

a sys-

Study.

•

concept

establishing

and conducting

frequency

size (orbit

-Multiple

lished

refining

of trades.

22, 37, 85, ???), scan method

Adams

critical

space

include

and technology A comparison of GPM to TRMM was shown to illustrate the basic differences between the mis-

in support

workshops,

(AO);

approach;

trade

radiometers

for the GPM con-

requirements;

studies

include

via meetings,

of opportunity

primary

measurement

satellites

activities

participation

and announcements

sensitivity

2). He also

stellation and a general discussion ents of the "core" and constellation (Figure

overof the

precipitation

GPM

the reference

Mr. J. Adams

with a conceptual

He began

of international

that would

the session

formulation

ogy. These sensor

that the Advanced

Study

ways to potentially

enhance

options

include

web "smart

array radiometer,

synthetically

innovative

flight

stellation

management

composite

propellant

autonomous advanced

a low power

node",

navigation, propulsion

composite

design

technoltransceiver, thinned

dynamics

and coverage tanks,

is also

(con-

optimization), structure,

for disposal,

and

techniques.


Projected Satellite from Passive Microwave [at left are either actual (bold) or orthodox

Data Streams for GPM Radiometers & Precipitation (paren)

nodal crossing

Era Radars

times (DN or AN) or non-sun-synch

labels ]

CY 99-18

SSM/I

0530DN (053Or)x)

SSMIS CMIS

SSM/1 0830DN SSMlS (0830D:V) CMIS MSU O AMSU-A 0730DN MSU

O

AMSU-A

i

NSS 0130DN (2330AN)

AMSR-E N-CMR

1030DN AMSR-J (]0301)N + 7157) AMSR-J TBD E-CMR (0230DA9 TBD E-CblR (1430aX) TBD P-CMR I (! 730.,t,x9 TBD

P-CMR

!I

(2030AN) NSS MADRAS TBD

TBD

Figure

2.

Projected

GPM OBJECTIVE: Horizontal

timeline

evolution

Understand and Vertical

• TRMM-like

• ~400

I

• Multiple Microwave

Radiometer

• Aggregate

:

Orbit

• ~600

Global Center

- '-'z;_i_'7! ; "....

Measurement First

GPM

Partners

Revisit

Time, Polar

km Altitude

(Maximum)

Validation Based Rain

," '," •

- Report Planning

Sites

Precipitation

1 Workshop

3.

GPM

Processing

• Capable of Producing Global Precip Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners

'

Figure

Precipitation

Satellites Satellites with Radiometers

3 Hour goal • Sun-Synchronous Orbits

Spacecraft

_ _

data

streams.

Concept

- 500 km Altitude

._

and

OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications.

Precipitation • Global Ground Measurement

the

constellation

the

• -4 km Horizontal Resolution • 250 m Vertical Resolution

of

era

Radar

• Non-Sun Synchronous •-65 ° Inclination

Summary

GPM

Constellation

Frequency

• Multi-frequency • H2-A Launch

Global

of

Satellite

• Dual

:

the

Feb 2001 Reference

Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers.-

Core

of

reference

concept.

Adams

closed

the presentation

the prospect every there

of worldwide

3 hours.

coverage

He noted

are large coverage

that GPM

would

being

coverage.

broader

coverage

missions.

are competing

achieved

with few satellites

(aperture)

good

resolution

Mr. E. Stoeker

could

altitude,

altitude.

(NASA

Goddard)

of altitude

system. Many

principle.

discussed He stated

presented

(Figures

4 and 5). With GPM,

partners,

cultures,

satellites,

data sources,

E

there

hardware/

software

configurations,

science

discipline

is the key merging

a governing Team

Prof.

perspective concept.

a critical

next generation trends Prof.

climate

Pierre

GPM

ample,

be viewed

could

Morel

cycle.

earlier

earlier

Science on core

gave

the US

system). provide

12

understanding

people

that rainfall

per

fore-

must be devel-

what GPM

interest

types

plans

Kummerow's

When

necessary,

of the "Mission"

need

here,

for numerical JMA

NWP

to

or want.

illustrated

From

to

data

why Japan

in rain by illustrating

spectrum from global cloud scale.

and understanding

products.

of meteorological

with rainfall.

was presented.

reliable and with uncer-

on monolithic

confines

(JMA)

must do

and data available

data that users really

of JMA's of

methods

(e.g. improve

see beyond

such a great Japan

has

the

systems

that impact

a timeline

evolution

weather activities

to regional

prediction encompass

to mesoscale

the to

by

in the workshop.

demonstrated

current

problems

flood assessment and suggested that GPM synergy with future soil moisture missions could lead to better

broader

for ex-

for media in a timely

consumption

It must validate

Expectations Prof. Kummerow

he argued

It must make

various

improvement

discussed

and appli-

information,

also stated

Mr. Y. Tahara

key questions

concepts

issues

outreach

by 100 million

for public

con-

by communities

rainfall

Additionally,

that the

questions

and technology

that will be utilized

than science.

GPM must

in the context

change,

models,

water

referenced

of

the reference

GPM

for answering of climate

in the global

discussion

State)

and reiterated

He also placed

prediction

to

are also critical.

(Colorado

He stated

relevant

objectives

the community

acceptance

Joint

water

into what the

for the community. It must provide continuous observations of rainfall

interest,

and agreement

and obJectives

C. Kummerow

of being about

such as a GPM

numerical

the GPM-enabled

Prof. Kummerow

the "manys"

is early

Coordination

goals

science GPM

that there

entity

(GJST).

mission

science

tainty.

one. It is important

and oceanic

oped.

and applications. Coordination

must answer

cast models

field of

processing

and evolu-

insight

must do for GPM.

fashion.

are many

data streams,

processing

on ocean

dynamics

day if the data is properly formatted outlets. GPM must be disseminated

data flow data flow

environments,

systems,

data

offered

community

cations

a diagram

instruments,

lidar

has implicaforcing

hydrometeorological

community cerning

the

One is the guiding

Stocker

atmospheric

Prof. Kummerow

Addition-

drive the choice

science

hurricane

on

and wind

budgets.

with a small

illustrating the reference GPM real-time and the reference GPM 3hr and climate

views,

at GPM

forecasting,

also touched

salinity

freshwater

and closing

and address

Unim-From

management

modeling,

can be

with higher

at lower

GPM data management Pluribus

coverage

can be achieved

instrument

ally, other factors and inclination.

objectives

Kummerow

wit future

assessing

tion, improving

and

weather

Such collaborative

processes,

with

resolution

Prof.

synergy

tions for understanding

as a fixed constellation

spatial

For instance,

good

He also remarked altitudes

prediction,

and agriculture.

of precipitation

gaps.

altitudes. while

on flood/drought

that even with satellites

at different

High

of

potential

not operate

due to satellites varying

with a discussion

of the impact

from GPM

for NWP

purposes.

in •

GPM global

is expected rainfall

to contribute

and moisture

more accurate analysis.

of soil moisture

Global Precipitation Measurement - Report I Summary of the First GPM Partners Planning Workshop

GPM Realtime

Data Flow

(Reference) NASA

DM_P

I _,.o.j

Figure

4. GPM

GPM

Pmtnel 1

,

reference

,

realtime

data

L.,

,

flowchart.

3hr and Climate

Data

Flow

(Reference) / •

/'

/

Pro,cessi,lg

//"

Int-.l

D_P

.

• •

T,afn"

ql

GPM Science Processing System

CordConstellatinn Core/C_stellation

Lwel 2

L_

L0 HK/Data

Products

Glolal Gridded

Level IB

v

.

._.

,

[ •

Summary

Precipitation of the First

-

..

Measurement GPM

3

Spelal/Combined Glob_l Gridded

v

•

_

Figure

Global

--]

Partners

_ .

5. GPM

- Report Planning

•

Science

reference

l

:

Tcanl ,_

/

_, Archive -.

3-hour

and

Ccntcr

climate

J_._

data

flowchart.

13 Workshop

GPM

is expected

to contribute

accurate

observation/analysis

systems

including

GPM-improved long-term GPM

forecasts

River),

weather

and Thailand

(Chao

Praya

future

will lead to better

to contribute in NWP

(JMA)

under

cloud,

on the GPM

science

TRMM

proceeded

the Japan

program.

focusing

El Nino,

per-

dynamics,

in the tropics.

According

may provide improved

precise

improvements

7.0 Session

chaired

of New

presentations products

Dr. K. Nakamura of research

observations

areas

from GPM would

as well as regional as assessment

tions.

scales.

of global

land atmosphere Australian

in which

accurate

water

global

On the regional

outlined

a

about

such

role of ocean-

and role of Asian-

of the outstanding

(University

a strategy

of the hydrosphere

(Florida

the potential

an overview

issues

of how GPM

cycle

in the water

study

cycle

the variability, and natural

variability

variability

ity.

mecha-

and distinguish

emphasized

from GPM,

to

are: to quantify

and understand

cycle

14

of Washington) scientific

standing

being

prediction.

contribute

Prof. Lettenmaier

water

and

would

soon Experiment,

cycle

talked

study. The central cycle

of water

induced

cycle.

(University

would

are currently

the dy-

Global

model

cycle

experiments

in

University)

in super-ensemble

the U.S. water

human

observa-

water

issues

role of GPM rain retrieval

D. Lettenmaier

variability

State

and its diurnal

scale

help

of New Hamp-

through

of precipitation

regional

of

would

in monitoring

tions are crucial for water resources management and river control. Under the GEWEX Asian Monseveral

and energy

variations

scales,

observa-

observation

basis, precipitation

of small-scale

C. Vorosmarty

nisms underlying

cycle,

scale precipitation

Prof. gave

on global issues

water

how water

processes.

Krishnamurti rain

precipitation

budget,

in the global

some

assimilation

For example,

interactions

monsoon

of

use of GPM

be useful

pro-

play a key role.

HydroNET, which would be useful in conjunction with the GPM measurements. Prof. T. N.

C. Vorosmarty

University)

to assess

merged at desired

shire) presented

and GWEC.

(Nagoya

hydrological

that in

Dr. Foufoula-Georgiou suggested that rain observations as proposed in GPM,

hydrological Profl

water, energy, she showed

observations

vary as a result

namics

a number

Particularly,

and modeling

precipitation. nmlti-sensor understand

Science

on potential

to understand

cycles.

precipitation

optimally and

Opportunities

Hampshire),

focused

cesses,

(University

the need for high resolution

observations

fluxes

cycle

data assimilation.

by Profl

in hydrology

number

cycle,

about

Also, it is important

GPM

of the water

and GWEC

In this session

and water

of Minne-

E. Foufoula-Georgiou

understanding

large-scale

estimation,

through

in these experiments.

Prof.

and carbon

fl'om

rainfall

on Research

in Hydrology

(University

cycle,

Observation

that GPM's

talked Basin.

global

to understanding

to Dr. Nakazawa,

global

understanding

forecast

results

variability,

diurnal

Enhanced

Prof. E Siccardi, (University of Genova) about flood hazards in the Mediterranean sota) talked

He dis-

science

on contributions

tropical/monsoon

and cloud

require

to show

and Indonesia

rain, and

cussed TRMM's heritage to GPM and highlighted some of TRMM's contributions to science. Dr. Nakazawa

over Siberia,

suggested

be useful

River),

and several

Pacific,

(Coordinated would

(Huaihe

River),

western

Dr. Nakamura

contribution

China

are planned

China,

CEOP

Period). developments

offered

experiments

Mongolia,

(and parameterizations).

Dr. T. Nakazawa spective

(Lena

at all scales.

and improvements schemes

out in Siberia

cyclones.

analyses

is expected

snow

of severe

tropical

and

frequent

in the water that estimation

particularly

over

be essential

in under-

land,

and its predictabil-

carried


Dr. A. Gazi (EuropeanComm./Biodiversityand GlobalChangeUnit) talkedaboutclimatechange andnaturalhazards.He alsodiscussedtheimportanceof GPMto organizationaleffortsaddressing theseissues.

Mr. M. Goodman

ing new data information processing science

Group

1: Engineering

Mr. J. Adams

(NASA

(CRL)

the breakout

chaired

engineering (NASA

Goddard)

Goddard)

began

that must be considered zation.

and Dr. T. Igushi

group

and data system

issues.

Mr.

D. Everett

with a discussion

broader

ties suggest ered.

of issues

orbit optimi-

include---

storm

What

should

-Sample

(CRL)

Worst

case?

•

What

Over what period?

weighting

function(s),

phasing

It would

Is diurnal

To what percent? if any, should

be

for drop-size

•

Does a sample's interval?

a concern? value change

with sample

•

What is the value of short sample intervals, clusters from multiple satellite coverage?

•

What -

are the constraints

Required (e.g.

footprint,

shared

aperture,

on the Drone

Launch

or multiple

Dr. Iguchi

e.g.

satellites?

vehicle

launch),

uniform

there

For example, participation

data sets difficult.

of

distribution useful

Radar

and selected

of mass, Thus,

or matched

important.

Additionally,

given

to whether

500 m is employed In terms

Radiometer

matched.

resolution,

and

whether

volumes

consideration resolution

is more must be

of 250 m or

or both.

of scan strategy, on how many Matching

the con-

consumption,

sampling

a range

radar

and high accu-

given

it nmst be determined

sensitivity

calcula-

of high sensitivity,

is needed,

size, power

Dr.

specifica-

sensitivity

that the Ka-band

high range

budget.

parameters.

of tentative

there

is still a degree

beams

scattering

should

volumes

of

be is crucial

in

dual frequency (DF) algorithms, but how well the two beams should be matched is debatable at this

to these questions,

munity/international

measurement

Precipitation

all requirements

straints

uncertainty

and Inclination

that must be realized.

of

and other

distribution

emphasized

satisfy

point. In addition

provide

rates, drop-size

an overview

tions for the DPR tions.

wide swath,

a problem?

aliasing

communi-

the relevance

attenuation,

racy. A compromise •

to

has to be consid-

established

as the TRMM

provided

cannot

Is relative

GPM goals

parameters. The DPR is composed of a Ku-band and Ka-band radar. The Ku-band radar is essen-

Iguchi

applied? •

requirements

distribution

path-integrated

accurate

Average?

Hits per time bin? -Coverage?

on the

and applications

rainfall

that data

(PR). The Ka-band radar provides high sensitivity to weak rain and snow. The Ka-band radar is more

be optimized?

interval?

stated

dependent

Both science

that direct

tially the same •

in discuss-

need to be defined.

structure,

(DSD),

systems,

outreach

Dr. T. Iguchi

Marshall),

is strongly

requirements.

the DPR to GPM.

discussing

in formulating

Key questions

Issues

strategy

and data products serve

8.0 Breakout

(NASA

are trade-offs broader could

com-

render

Yet, this level of partici-

pation is critical to GPM's success. trade-offs related to calibration.

There

are also

For example,

the Ka-band depends eration.

radar are acceptable.

m) acceptable?

Dr. Iguchi

information.

uniform

The answer

on the type of DF algorithm stated

under

consid-

that it must be determined

how well does the DF algorithm DSD

Global Precipitation Measurement - Report ! Summary of the First GPM Partners Planning Workshop

is 0.1 ° (-700

For range bin matching, it must also be determined whether 250 m for the Ku-band radar and 500 m for

Simulations

rain and errors in beam

work to obtain with realistic, matching

non-

are needed. 15

Mr. S.Neeck(NASA Headquarters) providedan Dr. T. Wilheit (Texas A &M) addressed the use of overviewof requiredradiometerattributes.Thegroup physical validation principles within the broader concludedthata definitionof a minimumradiometer validation program. measurement standards isrequired.In currentplanning,theUnitedStatestargetbenchmarkis TRMM MicrowaveImager(TMI) performance atconstella10.0 Breakout Group 3: Interdisciplinary tion altitudes.Scienceinputis requiredasradiometer Science Requirements attributescontinuetoevolve.Engineers areinterested in exploringadditionalattributesbeyondthecurrent In this group, potential use of GPM in a variety of radiometerconfiguration:150GHzchannelandcross- interdisciplinary research areas ranging from basintrackscancapability. scale hydrology to global ocean was discussed (Figure

9.0 Breakout

Group

and CalVal

7). Dr. S. Aekerman

be important

in studying

Also, cloud-resolving (Jet Propulsion

Laboratory)

presented

the role of a radar/radiometer combined algorithm in GPM. He remarked that because TRMM has a combined algorithm,

it is desirable

combined algorithm Also, measurements ometer

hydrometeor

algorithm

GPM concept.

(Colorado strategy

talked about relevance sites (Figure development. mid-latitude seasons,

must be directly

models

validation

and

origin. presented

that cloud-radiation

with global models

processes to ensure

in appropriate

the future of includmodels.

models should be

developers

state parameters and precipitation recommended that cloud-radiation microphysical

Dr. G.

for use in the GPM algo-

to GPM algorithm

simulation

sites

from tropical

of cloud types in cloud-radiation

He suggested

for cloud

to non-precipitating talked

assimilation

basin-scale

(Florida

global water transport. salinity.

State) outlined

Dr. B. J. Sohn

useful

in understanding

instruments climate

Goddard)

along with

in understanding for modeling

(Seoul National

about how precipitation (NASA

(NASA

He also noted that GPM

would be important

along with TRMM,

how

and carbon

from GPM,

talked

Robertson

Dr. A.

water budget,

Dr. V. Mehta

how precipitation

observations

clouds.

in hydrometeorology

models.

or

a flequency

about need for accurate

for closing

while Dr. H. Cooper

research,

to include

other data sets, would be helpful

rithms. Tripoli talked about the importance ing a variety

planned

in its current

detect non-precipitating that GPM collaborate

one of its instruments (Harvard)

studies.

that GPM,

that the validation

and those from orographic

of cloud-radiation

include

super

would be a strong

might not adequately It was recommended

GPM can be useful

ocean and land, from warm and cold of Wisconsin)

models

linked to algorithm

systems

about

of cloud systems.

GPM and cloud-radiation

described

the ground

precipitation

(University

available

facing a State)

lifecycle

also commented

precipitation

the

and values of validation

Moreover,

must represent

Tripoli

and the challenges

6). It was emphasized

of GPM products

design, clouds.

Barros

instrument.

(Colorado

Ackerman

that is sensitive

State) presented

Dr. S. Rutledge

between

modify

in distinguishing

phase than any individual

bridge

with other missions

for continuity of rain estimates. combined from radar and radi-

Dr. C. Kummerow overall

for GPM to have a

may be more effective

talked

using GPM measurements for cloud-radiation research. Ackerman noted that GPM observations would

2: Retrieval

Requirements

Dr. Z. Hadadd

(Wisconsin)

University)

data from GPM can be

water vapor transport.

Marshall)

pointed

Dr. P.

out that GPM,

and other historical

and satellites,

ocean

surface

may be useful

in detecting

change.

with model

parameters. He also models should and should be nested

cloud and precipitation

atmospheric

conditions.

16

Global Summary

Precipitation

of the First

GPM


Planning

- Report Workshop

1

Supersite

Legend

Template

Data Acquisition-

Focused

Analysis

Field Campaigns

Facility

Polarametric

Uplooking Radiometer/Radar

Radar/Radiometer GPM Core Satellite Prototype

Radar

Instruments

Meteorological

t

Site

t

Tower

Scientist

Technician

DELIVERY

Retrieval

(3) (3)

Error

150 km

_.

o o

Triple Gage Site (3 economy scientific

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gages)

Disdrometer/ Gage Site

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Precipitation

Summary

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Measurement-

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6. Illustration

Report Planning

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of supersite

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17 Workshop

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Global

18 Surnmary

Precipitation

of the First

GPM


Plannin_

- Report Workshop

1

11.0 Partnership Prof.

and

G. Stephens

provided enhance

(Colorado

Progress

a. Scientific

State University)

critical thoughts on how GPM might cloud radiation research and on how cloud-

radiation

research

establishing

contributes

that clouds

heating/cooling determines

whether

or not the hydrological

hydrometeor

profiles

microwave

by the cloud

Action

Items:

assets

AQUA,

and Associated and ADEOS

in preparation

CloudSat,

Radiometer

(AMSR),

Moderate

partner

with NASDA

brightis

Additionally, NASA

and Clouds contribute

Radiant

is relevant

in several

ways.

Energy

will provide

cloud

and evaluate

microwave

regimes

system

along Prof.

Technology, GPM

retrievals.

and

to partner

1, and

South

Korean

space

mem-

with one or two

and ISRO/CNES

with MeghaTropiques. agencies

is willing

There

Brazilian,

arrangement

is interest

Chinese,

to examine

and possible

for one constellation

Items:

(1) Secure

LOA

(2) Explore

will

that can test

with NASDA

with CORE R. Bras

radar

through

collaboration EEOM

with EGPM

proposal

(4) Information exchange CNES, CSA, and EC

observations

group

process meetings

with ASI,

a critical

of the water

of

and extend

cycle.

workshop,

provided

of

assessment

a snapshot

assessment

of partnerships

8).


with ISRO/CNES

of

on

with Argentinean,

Chinese,

agencies craft.

concerning

constellation

Quality

Validation

Super

c. High currently super

discussions

Brazilian,

ated Data

Dr. E. Smith

discussions

MeghaTropiques (6) Continue

observa-

Institute

to contribute

(5) Continue

it is

as part of

radar

(Massachusetts

ability

the GPM

whether

and precipitation

MIT) provided

Goddard)

LOA with NPOESS/IPO

(3) Continue

With AMSR,

by posing

as of May 2001 on the progress (Figure

CloudSat

(e.g. 94 GHz cloud

our understanding

(NASA

GCOM-B

globally.

clouds

and its likely

In concluding

with two instruments.

will provide

members,

the Argentinean,

Action

and could

will detect

information

concluded

to observe

a single

core satellite.

one or two constellation

within

partnership member.

(AIRS),

provides an important opportunity to test retrievals on the diversity of precipitation

Prof. Stephens

GPM).

profile

encountered

better

to partner

initial will

System

to GPM

CloudSat

II represent

for GPM

NASDA

constellation

Streams:

and light rain. It will also detect

also provide

tions

Sounder

rain and solid precipitation.

CloudSat GPM-like

optics),

Spectroradiometer

CloudSat drizzle

Sounding

(aerosol

Infrared

and Earth's

(CERES). quantify

Imaging

Atmospheric

key cloud era. These

Microwave

Data

NPOESS/IPO will join in partnership SSMIS instruments and three CMIS

profile.

PICASSO

Resolution

(MODIS),

heavy

Advanced

with NOAA,

for GPM era. NASA

bers. ESA is seeking

include

(LOAs)

and NCAR. Hardware

TRMM,

of

ambiguity

Prof. Stephens continued by highlighting research initiatives relevant to the GPM

agencies,

are engaged.

b. Space

to different

radiance

space

is

parameterizations.

Microwave

influenced

prediction

corresponding

Various

national and international government agencies, and national and international academic institutions

NRL,

cycle

out that different

can have "the same"

ness temperature. largely

cloud

pointed

Engagement

(1) Seek letter of agreements

that a necessary

numerical

is credible

Prof. Stephens

by

(QR) and thus intimately

for improving

precipitation

He began

the radiation

He also established

condition

rain rates

to GPM.

dominate

budget

accelerating.

Also,

Science

Streams: carrying

NASA budget

and South

space

space-

sites and Associ-

in support support

Korean

of GPM,

is

for two validation

sites. Australia, Brazil, Canada, England, France,

Germany,

India, Italy, Japan, Spain and Taiwan

indicated

interest

in supporting

validation

have all

super sites.

19

_,/--. _i \

Satellite

Evolution of GPM Constellation

................................... _;