Gloriosa superba‐ p A Critically Endangered Plant of Jharkhand. y g PK Mishra, Veena Kumari and Anjan Kumar Sinha Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag‐ 825301 Email‐
[email protected] Tribal population of Jharkhand uses this plant in different ways ways‐
Introduction‐ Introduction
Gloriosa superba p is ggenerallyy found in western gghat,, p parts of Tamilnadu and Kerela. It is critically endangered hence IUCN has placed it in “red data book” . Gloriosa superba (Family: Liliaceae) is branched herbaceous climber common in low jungles almost throughout India. Commonly known as kal‐lavi, indai, . Gloriosa has gained the importance in medicine in recent years only and is indicated promising drug for the production of colchicine on commercial scale Recently this species has been spotted for the first time in T h hi are off Dhanbad, Topchanchi Dh b d Chandan Ch d Kiari Ki i off Bokaro B k and d Ichak I h k off Hazaribag district. This is first report of this endangered plant from Jharkhand. This plant has diverse use so far their medicinal properties are concerned. 1 fl 1, flowering stem; 2, tubers; 3, i t 2 t b 3 The medicinal importance of Gloriosa superba is due to thepresence of alkaloids in all parts of the plant, mainly colchicine fruit (superbine), an amino alkaloid derived from the amino acidsphenylalanine and tyrosine. PLANT PARTS Plant
Flower
PLANT PARTS Communities Root
flower
Ch lid i acid. Cholidonic id Seeds of Gloriosa sp.
Flower
Gout, stomachache and as Gout tonic
Santal
Antifertility purpose. (i)Tuberous root. (ii) Plant iii) Leaf
Luterlin and its glucosides, N‐formyl‐de‐Ac‐ colchicine , lumicolchicine.
SOURCE OF PLANT LITERATUR PARTS E
USES
Charaka Samhita
Useful in itching, skin diseases including wounds and ailments caused by vitiated kapha(phlegm) and vata (wind).
Plant
Bh Bhavaprakas k Pl t P t Plant Parts ha
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Tuber of Gloriosa
A wide varieties of phytochemicals are found in Gloriosa sp. In the world market it considered as a rich source of colchicines and gloriosine. Silosterol, its Glucoside and beta and Gamma Lumicolichicines. Beta silosterol, its Flucoside and 2‐H‐6‐MeO benzoic acid.
Fig (1). Fig. (1) Structure of colchicine (N‐[(7S)‐1,2,3,10‐ (N [(7S) 1 2 3 10 tetramethoxy‐9‐oxo5,6,7,9tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen‐ 7‐ yl]acetamide plant habit
Abortion purpose, in intermittent fevers, wounds. Spleen complaints, syphilis, tumours. Asthma Cholera, to facilitate childbirth.
Reference of medicinal properties of this plant is also available in Charak Samhita and Bhavprakash Nighantu.
Fresh tubers Colchicine, b‐sitosterol, its glucoside, a long chain root fatty acid b and g lumiccolchicines 2 0H 6 MeO fatty acid, b and g‐lumiccolchicines, 2‐0H‐6‐MeO benzoic acid.
Y Young leaf l f
Ethnic of North‐East India Munda and Oraon
It is i important i t t to t note t that th t tribal t ib l population l ti off Jharkhand Jh kh d uses this thi plant l t in i different ways. Munda and Oraon tribe use to use tuber of this plant as antifertility agent. Santhals use tuber of this plant for abortion and the stem is used in syphilis. Decotion of leaf is used in asthma. Root of this plant is used n facilitating child birth. birth
Cornigerine,3‐demethyl‐N‐formyl‐N‐deacetyl‐ blumicolchicine, 3 demethyl g lumicolchicine, 3 blumicolchicine, 3‐demethyl‐g‐lumicolchicine, 3‐ demethyl colchicines.
High level of colchicines.
USES
Ethnic Communities Root of Bihar Jharkhand
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Seed
COMMUNITIES
It i It is apperient, alkaline, astringent, pungent, i t lk li ti t t bitter,highly potent, light, abortifacient, helps storing up energy, excites pitta (bile), it cures dropsy, piles, wounds, acute spasmodic pain, and removes worms and removes worms.
flower
Plant habit
Conclusion‐ C l i Gloriosa superba is a commercially imperative medicinal plant which has diverse medicinal applications and eventually due to over‐exploitation this plant is facing local extinction. It has been affirmed as endangered plant by IUCN and hence there is a pressing need to conserve the plant by p in ggeneral and in situ and ex situ multiplication micropropogation in particular so as to meet the ever increasing demand from the industries.
