Graphene based nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Madhu Dhar*1, Hoda Elkhenany1, Andersen Lafont2 Marc Caldwell1, Nancy Neilsen1, Lisa Amelse1, Alexandru Biris2 and David Anderson1 1Department 2The
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of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. *Email:
[email protected]
Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas , Little Rock, Arkansas 72204-1099.
Introduction Translation of the most important points of results with Images
Current treatments for bone injuries involve autologous and allogenic bone grafts, metal alloys and ceramics. Even though these therapies have proved to be useful, they suffer from inherent challenges and hence, an adequate bone replacement therapy is yet to be found.
Black and white
Calcein-am
Merged
Tri-Lineage Differentiation
We propose to study graphene as a potential backbone for multi-component nonstructural biomimetic scaffolds designed to have a chemical morphological structure similar to bone.
Chondrogenesis Polystyrene
Graphene Control
day 3
Black and white
Calcein-am
Merged
day 7
Differentiation
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Materials & Methods
day 3
day 7
Graphene coated tissue culture dish
Caprine adult mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow harvested from the sternum of a 2 year old mixed breed goat. In vitro experiments were carried out on polystyrene and graphene coated (0.1 mg/cm3) tissue culture dishes simultaneously. In vitro analysis include Assessment of colony forming units Measurement of rate of proliferation Expression of specific cluster of differentiation markers Test for tri-lineage differentiation
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Tissue culture dishes coated with graphene support the adherence and proliferation of goat bone marrow – derived adult mesenchymal stem cells. An optimal combination of a multicomponent nanoscale graphene-based material and mesenchymal stem cells could form the foundation for novel scaffold technology to promote rapid bone regeneration with the goal of improving human health and rehabilitation
Results Clusters of colonies (colony forming units) were observed after 5-7 days. Bone marrow-derived caprine mesenchymal stem cells are a heterogenous population of cells, a certain proportion of which are the osteoprogenitors, which were positive for alkaline phosphatase. Cell proliferation and live-dead staining assays indicated that bone marrow-derived caprine MSCs performed similarly over polystyrene and graphitic materials. MTS assay showed similar rate of proliferation of caprine MSCs on both polystyrene and graphitic materials supporting the above data.
Conclusions
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References Ren, Y., et al., Isolation, expansion, and differentiation of goat adiposederived stem cells. Res Vet Sci, 2012. 93(1): p. 404-11. Nayak, T.R., et al., Graphene for controlled and accelerated osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. ACS Nano, 2011. 5(6): p. 4670-8. Nayak, T.R., et al., Thin films of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as suitable scaffold materials for stem cells proliferation and bone formation. ACS Nano, 2010. 4(12): p. 7717-25.
