Growing visibility and impact of Indian Journal of ... - NOPR - niscair

Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 17(3), July 2018, pp. 407-413

Growing visibility and impact of Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Manohar Pathak1 & Kumar Avinash Bharati2* 1

Directorate of Education, GNCT, Delhi; 2Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 103, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected] Received 18 April 2018, revised 10 May 2018

Traditional knowledge refers to the local or indigenous knowledge which has been accumulated practiced and orally transmitting from generations to generations thus indicates cultural or ethnic identity of a particular community or geographic region. Traditional knowledge has great role in drug discovery, rural engineering, and various bioperspective research. Therefore, research in this field is vital for scientific community, conservation of the knowledge and protection from unethical patents. The Indian Journal of traditional knowledge is covering the important findings from all over the world in the area of folklore medicine. The study of impact and global visibility of the Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge will indicate the status of folk knowledge covered, trend of research, and set goals to cover the area/tribes for undocumented literature of folk medicine. This paper analyses the research papers published in Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK) during 2007-2017 on various scientometric parameters viz. year wise publication, geographical distribution, year wise citation pattern of article published, occurrence of keywords, inflow of papers, journal’s rank in the various category, number of tribes covered in IJTK, prolific institutions, Journals citing IJTK, impact factor trend over the years, etc. It has been observed that 16 papers have received 20 or more citation and there are 9 citing journals having more than 10 impact factor, including two journals of Nature publishing group, i.e., Nature biotechnology (41.66) and Nature climate change (19.3). The journal covered 206 tribes of the world and 27 Indian states. The current impact factor is 1.27 and indexed in all the reputed databases of the world and WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). Keywords: Journal evaluation, Scientometrics, Traditional knowledge, Impact

Scientific journals are primary source of research communication and related scholarly activities. As functional units, they play a crucial role in analysis of any given subject area1. Authentic quantitative tools serve to measure the quality of the journal as they are in place established already with their reliability for scientific evaluation. Such scientific periodical evaluation and ranking are indeed necessary to uphold consistency in quality academic publishing. While it is true that it is difficult to get one’s work published in high impact journals, such journals may not necessarily depend up on these rankings for their sustenance. These journals existed much before the ideation of impact factor concept2-4. However, journal ranking matters not only for authors but also to others viz., libraries, publishers, subscription agencies, etc. Several parameters, such as citation count, inflow of papers, H-index, global coverage, cited references, and the diversity of organizations and authors are used in quantitative studies. The quantitative data has great significance for ————— *Corresponding author

librarians in journal selection and evaluation of library investment, publishers to determine influence of journal to research scholars and to review editorial policies, researchers/authors in identification of influential journals, quality and importance of research, funding organizations to support productive researchers, universities and institutions for evaluation of research performance1,5. Emergence of Traditional Knowledge Domain Traditional knowledge has evolved as a distinct discipline documenting the ethnic knowledge in a particular geographic area or among individual tribes, with the focus on understanding the relationship between culture, environment and socio-economy. The research and documentation in traditional knowledge have immense significance in drug development, germplasm conservation, resource management, bioprospecting, conservation of biodiversity and patent related issues6,7. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK) The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK) is one of the renowned, otherwise scarce

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INDIAN J TRADIT KNOWLE, VOL 17, NO. 3, JULY 2018

periodicals in the field of traditional knowledge and complementary and alternative medicine. It is a quarterly publication of CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi, started in the year 2002 and indexed in SCI since 2009 with coverage of articles from 2007 onwards. The journal is in open access from 2009 onwards and the full text of current issues & archives can be accessed from CSIR-NISCAIR repository at http://nopr.niscair.res.in. In addition to Science Citation Index-Expanded and Scopus, IJTK is indexed in several other reputed databases viz., PCT Minimum Documentation, WIPO (Non-Patent Literature); CAB International, UK; NAPRALERT, USA; MLA Directory of Periodicals; National Technical Information Service (NTIS), USA; MANTIS Database, USA, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts, UK. Inclusion of IJTK in NPL (Non Patent Literature), part of PCT minimum documentation of WIPO, under rule 34 because of its availability in open access dates back to the eleventh session of the patent cooperation treaty (PCT) held in Geneva during February 21-25, 2005. India is one of the major contributor and holder in the field of traditional knowledge (TK). It is the only dedicated research journal in the field of traditional knowledge and disseminates worldwide traditional knowledge information. IJTK is pioneer in,

as a periodicals to be included in the international patent classification (IPC), established by the Strasbourg Agreement 1971. IPC classifies the literature according to the different areas of technology to which they pertain thus makes retrieval of literature easy8. IJTK categorizes its articles in IPC codes depending up on the subject that they deal and publish these codes along with the paper itself to facilitate search by the patent examiners. The Scimago journal ranking (SJR) has ranked the journal in the category of medicine, Complimentary and Alternative Medicine, Health professions, Complimentary and Manual therapy. Under Complimentary and Manual Therapy category, there are only 12 global journals and IJTK ranks on 4th. It is the only journal from Asiatic region in this category. Globally, it ranks 11,036 among the 28,606 journals indexed by SJR across the discipline (Table 1; http://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php). Shivakumaraswmay KN & Muthuraj (2015)9 and Garg & Singh (2017)10 have already done bibliometric analysis of IJTK for the period 2002-12 and 2002-15, respectively. The present study has wider coverage and value addition in the context of number of individual tribes documented for their medicinal knowledgebase, and other high impact journals citing IJTK. In this study, we evaluated the

Table 1 — Journal Metrics of IJTK in 2015 & 2016 Scales Rank/Position 2015 Impact Factor (Clarivate Analytics) 0.371 SCI-E Rank (Plant Sciences) 190/209-Q3 SCI-E Rank (Plant Sciences & Zoology) 336/367-Q3 ESI citation (Plant & Animal Sciences) 465/765-Q3 India (Clarivate Analytics) 69/109 SCIMAGO Journal Ranking H-Index 19 SJR 0.312 Elsevier’s CiteSore 0.55 All Category Global 12346/29713 Asiatic Region 719/2350 India 113/457 Health Professions Global 280/502 Asiatic Region 6/19 India 2/3 Medicine Global 3657/6538 Asiatic Region 211/659 India 58/156 Complementary & Alter native Medicine Global 37/94 Asiatic Region 9/15 India 3/6 Complementary & Manual Therapy Global 6/12 Asiatic Region 1/1 India 1/1

2016 1.273 109/211-Q3 171/371 Q3 424/770-Q3 13/103 12 0.369 1.15 11036/28606 503/2248 77/458 261/497 5/17 2/3 3426/6670 180/661 44/166 32/96 6/12 2/4 4/12 1/1 1/1

PATHAK & BHARATI: GROWING VISIBILITY AND IMPACT OF INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

impact and global visibility of the Journal IJTK using bibliometric tools, such as citation and publication count, citation pattern, national and international organizations (affiliations), number of tribes documented in IJTK for their ethnic knowledge. Methods and Tools The data was extracted from Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics, (www.webofknowledge.com) and journal’s web repository, NISCAIR Online Periodical Repository (NOPR) (http://nopr.niscair. res.in/handle/123456789/43) on 4th January 2018. A total of 1206 documents have been published during the select period 2007-2017. Out of total 1206 papers, two were corrections (erratum) hence, excluded from the current analysis. Data were retrieved and analyzed in Microsoft Excel version 2010. Details such as inflow, subscription base, rejection rate, etc., were obtained either from the editorial office of the Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK) itself through correspondence or from CSIR-NISCAIR annual reports available at their website. Results and Discussion IJTK, since inception, received 5166 articles and published 1204 articles until 2017. Out of these, 1183 were research articles, 13 were reviews, 7 were editorial material and one item is biographical material. In 2007-08, the journal received 230 papers and it has increased by three fold to 715 (2017-18) in a decade. The steady increase in the inflow of papers indicate growing popularity and the academic recognition of TK (Table 2). The subscription data (Print version) however, showed a gradual decline after 2010. This decline is possibly due to the availability of full text of articles published in IJTK in open access through its official repository NOPR (NISCAIR Online Periodical Repository) since 2009 in accordance with the CSIR’s policy to support open access. Data on the inflow of papers, number of total papers published and the rejection rate appear to share a relationship. Increased inflow and decreased number of total publications indicate quality review process which results in higher rejection rate (Fig. 1 and Table 2). Similarly, the inflow of papers exhibit an apparent relationship with the impact factor. Increase in impact factor always resulted in quantum jump in paper inflow (Table 2 & Fig. 2). In addition to impact factor, other factors, such as timeliness, thematic special issues, open access11, and other metrics like

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Table 2 — Details of paper inflow*, papers published, rejection rate*, IF and subscription of IJTK Year

Paper Inflow

Papers published

Rejection rate (%)*

Impact Factor

Subscription (Annual)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

230 220 256 327 406 527 607 617 644 654 715

113 120 115 141 113 106 101 96 100 100 99

38 50 43 50 94 77 83 84 74 75 86

0.087 0.232 0.399 0.492 0.438 0.411 0.371 1.273 0.98#

862 767 818 853 773 740 724 772 655 644 635

*Academic year; #Expected (Source: Clarivate Analytics)

Fig. 1 — Inflow and publication pattern from 2007 to 2017

Fig. 2 — Trend of Impact Factor

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Scimago journal ranking, CiteScore, NAAS rating, etc., might have also contributed to the increased inflow. Further, reduced processing time as observed in the latest issues of IJTK may attract authors of repute with quality inputs. The current impact factor (JCR 2016) of IJTK is 1.27, which is considerably high for the traditional knowledge subject category as it is not a hot research area as per the of Institute of Scientific Information, Clarivate Analytics, Philadephia12. IJTK has achieved a quantum jump in ranking based on JCR 2016. In 2015, IJTK was in 69th position among 109 journals which got enlisted in JCR 2015 from India, and in 2016, it jumped to 13th position among 103 journals included in JCR 2016 from India (Table 1). As Fig. 1 reflects, after 2010, IJTK is publishing comparatively less papers; this editorial decision alongwith quality peer review has strategically improved quality of articles and boosted the impact factor of the journal. In terms of impact factor of journals dealing with the subject Ethnobotany exclusively, only five journals are ahead of IJTK; i.e., Journal of Ethnopharmacology (Impact Factor 2.98; published by Elsevier and the International Society for Ethnopharmacology), BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Impact Factor 2.28;); Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (Impact Factor 1.90; published by BioMed Central), Economic Botany (Impact Factor 1.58; published by Springer and The New York Botanical Garden) and Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (Impact Factor 1.29; published by Springer). However, Journal of Ethnopharmacology and BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine covers only medicinal aspects, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution and Economic

Botany covers only plant aspects. In this context, scope of IJTK is wide as it covers almost all aspects of ethnic knowledge related to cultivation, plant and animal breeds, conservation, hunting, fishing, storage, language, art, handicrafts, indigenous innovation and technology, etc. Analysis of the pattern of citations of papers published during the select period (2007-17) reveals consistent increase in the number of citation year by year (Table 3). Out of 1204 articles published during the period, more than 70 % received citations. About 19 % articles received > 10 citations while two papers received > 30 citations (Table 4). Authorship pattern of published articles reveals that out of 1204 papers, 114 (9.46 %) articles were written by single author and 1090 (90.69 %) papers were written in collaboration between authors. However, larger groups (5 or more) have contributed 19.81 % of the total publication only. In three papers, largest group of authors were visible in the form of collaborations between 13 authors. By the affiliation of authors, IJTK has been global. It published papers from 62 countries, the maximum being Indian (936 papers) obviously, followed by Turkey (50), USA (23), South Table 4 — Citation pattern Number of citations 0 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 ≥31

Papers (%) 358 (29.73) 621 (51.58) 141 (11.71) 48 (3.99) 23 (1.91) 7 (0.58) 4 (0.33) 2 (0.17)

Table 3 — Papers and citations Pub. Year

Papers

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total

113 120 115 141 113 106 101 96 100 100 99 1204

Citations received 2007 2008 1 9 0

2009 2010 2011 20 32 42 9 40 55 2 21 47 9 50 9

2012 86 73 79 87 41 6

2013 85 90 75 105 72 34 8

2014 78 75 81 125 67 59 38 7

2015 83 75 85 120 65 53 48 29 2

2016 89 58 73 113 74 71 39 118 105 31

2017 63 66 69 106 60 62 50 89 99 85 10

Total 588 541 532 715 388 285 183 243 206 116 10 3807

Avg. cit/year

Cit/paper

53.45 54.1 59.11 89.37 55.42 47.5 36.6 60.75 68.66 58 10

5.2 4.5 4.62 5.07 3.43 2.68 1.81 2.53 2.06 1.16 0.1 3.16


Africa (18), Iran (17), Nigeria (15), Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia (14 papers each), Brazil, Nepal and Pakistan (11 papers each), Malaysia and China (10 papers each), Indonesia (9 papers), Mexico, Sri Lanka and Philippines (8 papers each), Ethiopia and Thailand (7 papers each), Canada and Serbia (6 papers each), Cameroon, Egypt and South Korea (5 papers each), Bulgaria and Italy (4 Papers each), Algeria, Germany, Japan and New Zealand (3 papers each), Bolivia, England, Kenya, Morocco Namibia, Poland, Rep of Georgia, Scotland, Tanzania, Wales and Zimbabwe (2 papers each), Angola, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, Jordan, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mauritius, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Uganda (1 paper each). Sixteen papers have received 20 or more citations. Out of these, 7 are from foreign counties (Table 5).

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The maximum citation was collected by an editorial material, published in 2008. It has been observed that among the highly cited articles, most of the highly cited papers are old because they have more time to collect the citations. Out of 1204 papers, 9 are editorials with no references, 240 have with less than 10 references and most of the papers (448) have 10 to 20 cited references. A total of 744 institutes and universities have contributed in the IJTK. Out of these, 548 were Indian and 196 are foreign, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; Kathmandu University, Nepal; Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan; University of Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Venda, South Africa and University of Yaoundé, Cameroon are among major contributing universities from abroad. Among Indian Institutes Botanical Survey of India has contributed maximum papers and among Indian

Table 5 — Highly cited papers Title, Volume, Issue, Year & Page No. Author(s) Foreword (Editorial Material), 7 (1) (2008) 3-5. Yang M (UNESCO) Ethnomedicinal plant knowledge of the Mullukuruma tribe of Silja VP; Varma KS; Mohanan KV (Univ Calicut, Wayanad district, Kerala, 7 (4) (2008) 604-612. Calicut) Traditional fermented foods of Manipur, 8 (1) (2009) 115-121. Jeyaram K; Singh TA; Romi W; Devi AR; Singh WM; Dayanidhi H; Singh NR; Tamang JP (Inst Bioresources & Sustainable Dev, Imphal) Marker analysis of polyherbal formulation, Triphala - A well Mukherjee PK; Rai S; Bhattacharya S; Wahile A; Saha known Indian traditional medicine, 7 (3) (2008) 379-383. BP (Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata) Traditional insect bioprospecting - As human food and medicine, 8 Srivastava SK; Babu N; Pandey H (Indian Council Agr (4) (2009) 485-494. Res, Bhubaneswar) Plant wealth of North east India with reference to ethnobotany, 8 (1) Mao AA; Hynniewta TM; Sanjappa M (2009) 96-103. (Bot Survey India, Itanagar) Herbal medicines used to cure various ailments by the inhabitants of Abbasi AM; Khan MA; Ahmed M; Zafar M Abbottabad district, North west Frontier Province, Pakistan, 9 (1) (Quaid I Azam Univ, Islamabad) (2010) 175-183. Ethnomedicinal plants used for gastro-intestinal diseases by Adi Kagyung R; Gajurel PR; Rethy P; Singh B (N Eastern tribes of Dehang-Debang Biosphere Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh, Reg Inst Sci &Technol, Nirjuli) 9 (3) (2010) 496-501. Hunting practices in the semiarid region of Brazil, 10 (3) (2011) Barbosa JAA; Nobrega VA; Alves RRD 486-490. (Univ Fed Campina Grande, Campina Grande-PB) A synthesis of the impacts of climate change on the First Nations Downing A; Cuerrier A (Univ Montreal, Montreal) and Inuit of Canada, 10 (1) (2011) 57-70. Ethnoveterinary plants of Uttaranchal - A review, 6 (3) (2007) Pande PC; Tiwari L; Pande HC (Kumaon Univ, Almora) 444-458. Immunomodulatory leads from medicinal plants, 13 (2) (2014) Mukherjee PK; Nema NK; Bhadra S; Mukherjee D; 235-256. Braga FC; Matsabisa MG (Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata) Ethnomedical knowledge of plants and healthcare practices among Balangcod TD; Balangcod AKD (Univ Philippines the Kalanguya tribe in Tinoc, Ifugao, Luzon, Philippines, 10 (2) Baguio, Baguio) (2011) 227-238. Medicinal plants used by local Vaidyas in Ukhimath block, Semwal DP; Saradhi PP; Kala CP; Sajwan BS Uttarakhand, 9 (3) (2010) 480-485. (Univ Delhi, Delhi) Culture and ethnobotany of Jaintia tribal community of Meghalaya, Jaiswal V (USIP, Philadelphia) North east India - A mini review, 9 (1) (2010) 38-44. Herbal remedies among the Khasi traditional healers and village Hynniewta SR; Kumar Y (NE Hill Univ, Shillong) folks in Meghalaya, 7 (4) (2008) 581-586.

Cites 46 33 28 28 27 27 25 24 23 23 23 22 21 20 20 20

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universities Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh have contributed maximum papers (Table 6). As per accumulative citation till date, a total of 1192 journal have cited papers of IJTK, out of these 582 are indexing journals (2196 citations) and rest of the 610 journals are non-indexing (1685 citations). It has been observed that some of the high impact journals including Nature Publishing Group has citied the articles of IJTK, which is fascinating for the articles of traditional knowledge subject category. In addition, there are 9 citing journals with high impact factor (≥ 10) including two nature journals, i.e., Nature biotechnology and Nature climate change (Table 7). The present communication analyses overall pattern of the journals citing IJTK, it indicates that IJTK received 15 citations in journal having impact factor in between 5 to < 10, 392 citations in journal having impact factor in between 1 to < 5 and 166 citations in the journal having impact factor < 1. It is obvious that highly citing journal’s scope overlaps with the IJTK’s scope and as Table 8 shows their impact factors falls in between 1 to 5, i.e., Journal of Ethnopharmacology (Impact Factor 2.98; 182 records), Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (Impact Factor 1.9; 89 records), BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Impact Factor 2.28; 42 records) and so on. The main purpose and mission of IJTK is documenting the tribal knowledge, particularly medicinal. The results of this study revealed that during the select period, IJTK has published ethnic knowledge of 206 tribes around the world., The maximum publications were on the knowledge based on Adi tribe (18 papers), followed by Gond (16 papers), Monpa (10 papers), Karbi (10 papers), Khashi (7 papers), Meitei (7 papers), Lepcha (6 papers), Meena (6 papers), Mizo (6 papers), Bodo (6 papers), Korku (5 papers), Mishing (5 papers), etc.

The papers from 27 Indian states have been published in past 16 years, the maximum contribution was from tribal dominated areas like, Arunachal Pradesh (41 articles), Assam (40 articles), North-east India (20 articles), Kerala (19 articles), Tamil Nadu (19 articles), Jammu & Kashmir (15 articles), Rajasthan (15 articles), Manipur (14 articles), Meghalaya (11 articles), Orissa (11 articles), Uttarakhand (10 articles), Himachal Pradesh (10 articles), etc. The state like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir and Rajasthan are not dominated by tribes like North Table 7 — High IF journal citing IJTK Journal Nature Biotechnology Nature Climate Change Fungal Diversity Reviews of Geophysics Genome Biology Leukemia Biological Psychiatry Natural Product Reports Biotechnology Advances

IF 41.66 19.3 13.46 12.34 11.9 11.7 11.42 11.01 10.59

Records 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

Table 8 — Journals citing IJTK more than 30 times Journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine Current Science Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Journal of Food Science and Technology African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy Part B Biological Sciences

IF

Records

2.981 NA

182 115

1.903 0.843 NA

89 65 51

2.288

42

NA NA

42 38

NA

37

NA

31

Table 6 — Most prolific institutes/universities publishing in IJTK Foreign University Federal University of Paraíba -7 Kathmandu University -6 Quaid-i-Azam University -5 University of Ibadan -5 University of Venda -5 University of Yaoundé -5

Indian Institute Botanical Survey of India-23 CSIR-National Botanical Resource Institute, -16 National Institute of Unani Medicine-12 CSIR-NISCAIR-11 Natioal Bureau of Plnat Genetic Resources-11 GB Pant Institute Himalayan Environment Development-10 ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute-10 ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendras-10

University Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh-27 Aligarh Muslim University-17 North-Eastern Hill University-17 Assam University-16 Banaras Hindu University-12 Jadavpur University-12 Assam Agricultural University-11 Gauhati University-11


eastern states India but still contributed significant number of papers because interiors of Nilgiri hills, desert of Thar and Ladakh are not easily assessable and inhabited by different ethnic groups. Which cause partial isolation from outside, it leads to preservation of traditional wisdom13,14. As expected maximum publications are on medicinal knowledge of the tribe, it could be due to the role of ethnomedicine in pharmacology and drug discovery15-17. The most frequent keywords are ethnomedicines (128), medicinal plants (109), traditional knowledge (106), ethnobotany (65), indigenous knowledge (54), traditional medicine (52), Arunachal Pradesh (41), Assam (40), conservation (36), etc. Bringing tribal knowledge to public domain by authenticated research works has much relevance and impact in this modern era, particularly in healthcare, marred by the side effects of drugs based on synthetic compounds. And for this very reason, Complimentary and Alternative Medicines are growing popular among people even in the West.

References 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Conclusion The IJTK is the major journal in the field of traditional knowledge. The present study will help to evaluate the studies in the traditional knowledge at global level and identify the status of the documentation of particular tribes, state and culture. Also, help in the identification of the current trend of research in the subject. Since majority of publications (77.77 %) are from India, the paper will help policy maker, anthropologists, academic councils and the science administrative of the county to design and develop new research policies.

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