Habitats and Surface Construction Technology ... - SpaceArchitect.org

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Sep 4, 1997 - SBIR/STTR. Innovative. Technology. Opportunities. • Technology. Development. Strategy. • Return-on-Investment. Potential is Enormous.
C/"_y

Habitats Technology

and Surface Construction and Development Roadmap

Marc Cohen NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA and Kriss J. Kennedy Johnson Space Flight Center Houston, TX

75

_i

IEDS

Technology

Habitats

Planning

Habitats

& Surface

Technology

AIAA

Structures

Surface

Construction

Construction

& Development Presented

&

Roadmap

to the

Technical

Hampton,

Committee

VA

September 4, 1997

Marc Cohen/NASA

ARC

mcohen @mail ARC.nasa.gov

KrissJ.

Kennedy/NASA

kriss.i.kenneclyl

¢ HEDS

Technology

Top Level •

Planning

Habitats

Strategy

GOAL: Sustain

JSC

@isc.nasa.gov

for Habitats

human presence

& Surface

&

Surface

Construction

Construction

on Mars.

• TARGET: Provide habitation and surface infrastructure to support humans on Mars on a long term basis.



PLAN: Provide the capability to produce and construct habitats and surface facilities using indigenous resources.



_ Open Mars to long-term planetary exploration by humans with the eventual settlement of humans on Mars.

INITIAL PRODUCTS: Initial human mission using relevant habitation technologies. ISRU resource demonstrations, i.e. material extraction and benefaction for processing.

77

Technology



Planning

Habitats

Executive

Vision Provide

the capability

for automated

delivery

&

Surface

Construction

Summary_ and

emplacement

of habitats

and

surface

facilities.







-

Composites

-

Capability

-

Long

-

Supports

and

Inflatables:

for Increased

Term

Growth

30 - 50%

Habitable

(goal)

lighter

Volume,

than

Launch

AI Hard

Structures

Efficiency

Potential

initiation

of commercial Issues

and industrial

expansion.

Key

H&SC

Technology

-

Habitat

Shell Structural

-

Seals and Mechanisms

-

Construction and Assembly: Automated Pre-Deploy Construction Systems

-

ISRU Soil/Construction

-

Radiation Protection (Health and Human Performance

-

Life Support System (Regenerative

-

Human Physiology of Long Duration Space Flight (Health and Human Performance

-

Human Psychology of Long Duration Space Flight (Health end Human Performance Tech.)

Materials

Equipment: Lightweight and Lower Power Needs Tech.)

Life Support System Tech.) Tech.)

_kLBaingJ_z_?



-

Use of composite

-

TransHAB

-

Japanese

What

Needs

materials

inflatable corporations to be

Done

Characterize

-

Determine

Credibility

Mars

Determine

Seal Technology

CRV,

RLV,

etc.

design/development

working for

-

,_sc,_,-

for X-38

habitat

on ISRU-derived

2004

Go

Environmental

Conditions:

of Inflatable

construction

processes.

Decisioq

Structures

for Mechanisms

Civil Engineering, for Human and

Material

Durability,

Hatches,

Life Cycle,

Durability

Habitats l

_hnology

etc.

Habitation

&

Surface

Construction

Planning

H&SC

Technology

Structure v.

Habitats & Surface Construction

V

p

Emplacement • Site

Habitat Shell

PrepsraUon

• Con=trucllonlnd

ana

Docldng

HabitatEnvironment

Outfitting

Integration

Surface Thermal Control

* L4illtk)s I Beflhing Mech=nilms

Excavation Pyrotechnic °Evaluation

,S_dmg

/_Nmb_ • Int ercontmction,

Internal Systems and

.Oust

oStructurll

E}q>losivllS *High

* Houa,ekeepmg

ana

• Rad_mtion

I

cA

Hilt

Efficiency Pumpll

• PlanlKary

Cratorlng

Anllylll Mllntonance

.Trash/Venting

o L_rm'c_lght D_oy=ble

• Safety

"S_llst

Olbrtll

Cordro{

Radla4or • lnteml_

eChl_i

Sublysteml

and

*AImMmbly .Systems

Integration

Tools

Techniquee .System Mon_odng . Pa_/o Control

78

Thlrrnal

OptdmlZst P_mc(_ment

Ion

Technology

Habitats

Planning

H&SC

&

Surface

Construction

WBS

Surface Habitats& Construction

I

I 2.01

3.0

Integrated Habitation

Construction Technology Development

Technology Development Technology Concept

Slructurea

Asse_ment

Mllch|n¢.i

Site

5,0I

m

Ii_aintenance an01

I I I

6.0

I Integrated

Operations

I

I Testing

Development

I

I

Technology I

_logy

I

and I

Testbeds

X]Tr

ition

I _gy

Preparation Prol

Habitat

Oeveloornent

Env_'onmentiI

Protection SuppoalbllRy

and

,.01

I

and

Habitat

Control

Constrt.ctlon

and

Ansembl¥

Sludies Matlitall In Sltu

lind

Procelsa

Integration

Hab_atlon

Elemanl

WBS •



Automation g_lcs

I

and

Protection

EXIeT nil

Utility

Interfaces

_n-Space

Testing

Tecl Des

on

FIIgl

_grllm m

dit¢_iI mt_llgence

of

Sylllma

Technology

I Tell pmtoty_ls Bedl

Emplicama_,

AIlombly

and

HEDS

Mainlonlince

Olstrit_ution

Habitats

Planning

2.0 Integrated

Habitation

Technology

&

Surface

Construction

Development

Develop Habitat Technologies - Materials -

Processes Structures

-

Mechanisms

-

Radiation Protection

-

Passive Thermal Control

-

Dust Control

-

Habitat Internal Subsystem In-Situ Integration

This Technology

Development

Area Addresses

-

Inflatable and Composite/Carbon Constructible Habitats

-

Water Jacket Radiation Shielding

-

Natural and Artificial Lighting

-

Joining Processes and Interfaces

-

Interior Utility Interfaces

79

Structures

Items Such As:

HEDS

Technology

W

Habitats

Planning

2.0 In

r

H

i

Typical • Pressure

Shell

Rigid Pressure

_ -

F_xtbk_tntu=tsd_epressumShaUCompor,_nts

-

ConstructndBiestShields

ISRU Product Pressure Shell_nent$

-

S_ltared_ast

Basalt Shielding

-

prstabncated

Shmlding

Structures

-

Depk:_yabie Trusses

-

Deployable

-

Internal

-

Quick Connect

Bracing

• Thermal

-

Rstlective

-

Quick Release

Structural Connectors

-

Integral Shielding

-

Mechanical

Columns

and

Materials and Devices

nt

Protection Loose Regolith,'Soil Shielding

Fastening

Construction

Products

Shell Components

Structures

Surface

Develo

-

• Interior

Control ThariT_l

[nsularlo¢l

Covenngs

and Coatings

* Lighting

Mechanisms

-

Natural Lighting Techniques and Equipment

-

Artificial Lighting

-

Bulkheads

-

P,_ek S_ppod

-

Subsystem

-

Vilxeticnlsolat_>nTechniquesaedCompo_nents

-

Float Support Structure

-

Vlll_ation Dampening/Reduction

Techniques

-

Foldable

-

Noise Prevention Techniques

and Components

-

Deployable

-

Noise

Reduction Techniques

and Components

• Radiation -

Loon

Stc',_u_s

Equlpmenl

end _nts

• Vibration

Support Structure

and Componenls

Decking Slairs. Rarnl_

and Elevators

Control

and Components

Protection RegolillVSoil

Shielding

-

Pressure Shell Integrated

-

Sintared/Cast

-

Prefm*bricared Shielding

• Microme_ec_'oid

r_

n 1o

° Ejecta

-

• Habitat

_sc

" n

&

Shielding

Basalt Shielding

Protectior_

-

Loose Regc4ittYSoil Shielding Pressure She_[ Integrated Shielding

-

Sintered/Cast

Basalt Shielding

-

prstabdcated

Shielding

oo_r

i

HEDS

Technology

Robotic

Habitats

Planning

Construction

Technology

&

Surface

(WBS

2.5)



Survey existing approaches to robots and their capabilities automobile assembly, housing, etc.



Evaluate potential for adapting construction components robotic assembly.



Use CADNR



Determine

appropriate

component

packaging.

to experiment

with simulated

levels of modularity,

Construction

for

robotic construction. assembly

and



Develop virtual user interface for directing robotic/teleoperated construction.



Build experimental

construction system with components.



Conduct integrated

robotic construction

80

ops tests.

Technology

Robotic • •

Habitats

Planning

Construction

Technology

&

Products

Surface

Construction

(WBS

2.5)

System studies of approaches to robotic/teleop construction techniques. Evaluation of potential for robotic methods to assemble a Lunar/ Mars base.



Develop requirements for capabilities, software, expert systems, user interface, training, hardware, end effectors, and construction components such as grapple fixtures, hard points, joints, connectors, etc.



Design experimental prototype robotic construction system.



Adapt hardware and software for robotic construction field testing.

Technology

Purpose Habitats

and Benefits

&

Surface

Construction

of H&SC

and Surface Construction Technology is Crucial for LongTerm Human Exploration of S

Reduce

Cost

• Lower

Launch

Lower

Habitats

Planning

Expand Human Presence • Commonality • Transit Ha _Infrastructure &

Mass

Logistics

Habitats

• Ensure

Crew

Technology Smart

Safety

• Increase

Autonomy

, • Increase

Reliability

Spin.Offs

Automated Construction • Entertainment & Tourism

81

/ HEDS

Technology

Planning

Habitats

&

Surface

Construction

Investments |

Technology

Planning

Habitats

&

Surface

Construction

2004 Go Decision Criteria Technology inflatabio

2004

stnJctures

Go/No

Go Criteria

: ; Meet Human- Rating Standards

...............

• Long-Duration Environmental Tests / SurvivabUity , Mainta n Pressure ntegrity .........

.................. Advanced Composite Structures

• Meet Human-Rating Standards • Long-Duration Environmental Tests / : Survivability ............................... • Maintain Pressure !ntegrity Seals/Mechanisms • Capability to Maintain Seal in Dust ..... : Environment • No Leaks • Long Duration Service iSRLJ:_rived ................. ;, Pl"ove JSRU Structurai "rechnology ......... Structures • Prove Manufacturing Process • Prove Soil Moving & Mining Processing • Prove Construction Technique Under Simulated Conditions • Prove Autonomousrrelerobotic

Rationale ' _,Hal0itatsi in Space and Surface ................. • Habitats: In Space and Surface

;Must Maintairl integrity and Long-Lifein Lunar/ Mars Environmental Conditions ,; SUl_poh Mare M;ssi0n with ISRU Capability • Support Humans as Habitats: In Space and Surface

Equipment

Capability • Prove Power Efficient Techniques/ .................................... . Equipment .......................................... ........................................ Artificial Intelligent • Proven Ability to IntegrateA.I.Nano •Habitats:InSpace and Structures (Smart Technology into Pressure Shell Surface Structures) Skin/Structure • Alleviate Direct Human • Proven Capability for Self Diagnostice and Activities Repair

.=sc r_o._z.I

Assumes

Human

Fectora and Radiation

Shielding

82

by Health & Human

Pedormnce

Technology.

In

HEDS

Technology

Planning

Habitats

Criticality Technology

seals

Justification/

• Unpr0Ven Te_n0iogy for Habitat Space Structures • Requires longer lead time and

.....

Lon g Du Save $ • Volume Save $ •

.......................... • Critical Link of Providing Contamination Control • Crew Health

, Impact t0 Missi0n _,System't • Pressure _'Sy_tem't • Ensures & Mechanisms

• System

_'System ¢ • Protectaon of Lubricants and Mechanism ',lHealtht • Protect Humans from Dust

Failures

. Unproven Technology for Habitat Space Structures • Requires time and funding to m eet 2003 Go Time to answer critical

technology

issues

....... Mass Handling Equipment _atsc x_a_ _J_r_ r

• Ensures Cleared Surface Mobility

Objectives

H&SC

Structures

• Inflatable Aerobrake Infla ta b/e Airlock • ................. • Integrity of Connections Ha tches,

Control

Emplacement,

to Land or hnk

&

and

Surface

Human

Surface

Presence

Construction

Technology

Strong

• Smaller

ETO

Launch

• No LEO

AssemblyOps

Vehicles

• Pressure • Ensures Hatches

Integrity of Connections Life Cycle of Pressure and Mechanisms

• Protection of Lubricants • Protect Humans from

of Environment

• lightweight

Habiiat

of Sustained

Presence

.SaveHABVolandPaclt

Inflatable

I_

Structures

"

I

&

Surface

Construction

Criteria Habitat

Unique System

2006

HARDWARE

Habitats

Planning

,

,>

II

Criteria

2000

Habitat

"%_.,==.=_

''c;e"J I I

Habitat

I CLASS

_

s=,osi =CAD=°.

HEDS

Habitat

Build

,_%Habitat _%

I

1999

I

_.

I

I Selection



• Launch

:/

"I"

• Environment

Protoflight

_ i A

fv -,s.oo.°v.ol _"

Test

:"""_

Mission

Type

Driving Requirements

Requirements

r RLSS tuman

l Fector_

) Bio-RLSS

_

=Rumen FactomJ

EVA/suite ) _, Construction

r'I_RILR_.._3r ived

I?_

I

IdP

laRnUufact u red I Structures

Surface

Mobility)

Mining

Equip

A.I Nabs _ukscr_

oe,c=_r

88

Equi_

_._ J

Mobility

&

N )

Technology

Plar,ning

Interaction

- Development ofISRU processes - ISRU processingtechnologies - Mining technologies - Development ofISRU structural materials

Habitats

Between

- Regolith movement

- Vehicle

- Construction technologies - Excavation technologies - Maintenance technologies - Assembly of ISRU structural materials

technologies

H&SC" - Robotic construction technologies - Robotic maintenance technologies - Robotic surveying technologies

chassis utilization

RLSS and H&_C,, :

HEDS

Technology

Construction

H&SC:

- Dust control technologies

- Life support technologies - Plant growth technologies

Surface

H&SC and Other Technologies

ISRU and H&SC:

- Rover technologies - Sample collection technologies - Navigation technologies

&

- Greenhouse construction technologies - Natural lighting technologies

- Artificial lighting technologies - Radiation filtering materials

Planning

Habitats

&

Surface

Construction

Summary. •

Need Advanced

Structures



SBIR/STTR

Innovative



Technology

Development



Return-on-Investment



Paradigm



Need to Move Technology Applications



Need Continued

Research

Technology Strategy

Potential

Shift from 'q'raditionar'

Material

Opportunities

is Enormous Habitat

Concepts

from Earth Applications

Testing

89

for Human

to Space

Spaceflight

Use

Technology

Planning

Habitation

Habitats

Technology



C LASSA:



- Preintegrated, CLASSIh



CLASS IIh

-

Prefabricated,

-

Strategy

& Surface

Construction

(Options)

Hard Shell Module Surface Assembled

ISRU Derived Structure w/Integrated

Earth components

HIGHER

l:labitat Technoloav

Level

LOWER

HEDS

Technology

Class A _ on the Moon

Curr_nt Status

1" Preintegrated

detection,

analysis



Low



High reliability



Near-current



Add larger modules



Technology



Manufacturing techniques aircraft and launch vehicle



Incorporated

and self repair.

mass. and easyto

repair.

technology. to ISSA and Lunar Orbit.

demonstrated

to TRL

6-7.

being perfected industry.

into CRVskin.

9O

& Surface

Construction

Habs

that can be autonomously and Mars surface. Fully integrated.

hab for failure

B.elaetlm

Habitats

Planning

by

predoployed The capability

and operated for A.I. smart

HEDS

Technology

Habitats

Planning

Class

2: Prefabricated

&

Surface

Construction

Habs

An Inflatable structure that can be autonomously predeployed and operated on the Moon and Mars surfaces. Partially integrated and flexible. The capability for A.I. smart hab for failure detection, analysis and self repair.

Larger usable

habitable

Lower

mass

Higher

crew

productivity

Higher stress)

crew

moral

volume

and quality

of life (lower

High reliability and easy to repair Taking the steps toward civilizations

Technology Army.

Status

Industry

demonstrated

established

Workshops

on Space

Shannon

Lucid's

Long term

Technology

Testbed

new

to TRL 4-5 by NASA-LaRC

"smart"

houses

Inflatable

experience

habitability

Early Human

HEDS

building

and integrated

Structures

in space

studies completed

by ARC

(2 in '96).

(Zero

G).

& JSC.

for 90 day test.

Planning

Impediments

Habitats

of Inflatable

• _

&

Surface

Construction

Structures

social



High Strength



Seaming/Stress



Connection Points - Hard Points for Internal/External



Reliable

Material Points



In-Space/Surface



"Unknown"



Lack of Skilled Work Force at NASA with Inflatable Structures



Balloon



Cost is so low compared

Connections

-

and Autonomous

Deployment •

systems.

are planned

of 6 months

preparing

and DoD/U.S.

Material Degradation - Radiation, Dust, Thermal, Atomic 02, Micrometeoroid



Hatches

• •

Off-gassing Durability/Life

and Interconnects

Flexibility/Packaging



Human

Credibility



Confidence



Rating

91

not Building

(Pop) Theory



-



Understanding

space structures, it.

Span

EJJgJ3.LExp_J_

Factor

to hard

no one believes

Comes from in-space demonstrated experience

Complexity

Factor

Technology

Planning

Class An ISRU,dedved constructed and V.R.

Habitats

3: ISRU-Derived *tructure

autonomously.

The capability



Larger



Can build colony

usable



Self sufficiency



Higher



Ability to manufacture,

It is autonomously

using indigenous

operated

Construction

resources

and maintained

analysis

and

utilizing

A.I.

and self-repair.

volumes.

infrastructure

to support

sustained

human

from Earth.

level of society.

Technology technologies

Surface

Habs

that is manufactured

for A.I. for failure detection,

habitable

&

service

demonstrated possible.

and repair.

to TRL 2-3 for Lunar-crete.

FIOL_

92

Other

presence

and evolution.

HEDS

Technology

Planning

Habitats

Concepts

HEDS

Technology

&

Surface

Construction

&

Surface

Construction

& Development

Planning

Habitats

Small: 2 crew, 3 days, 14.5 m3

Human Structure:

Inflatable

l,tnnar

Return

Mid-Section |

93

Conca.nt with

Composite

Hatch

Hold

Deployed S-Band Cotammcat_oas Antcaa*

_

Hybrid

Crew

Hand

End

Domes

HEDS

Technology

Planning

Mars

Habitats

Transit

Internal

\_

/_

Construction

Configuration /

• Section TransHAB into Four

& Surface

"_/_[

_ | "_ _x

_'---_RIIII

Section

4i..---

I[_

of Inflatable

Pressure

Shell

Internal

Outfitting

Inflatable Compression

Quadrants • Run Length

of HAB

• Horizontal Orientation Radiati

• Deployable Core Fairing for Floor/ Partition System

__

Shelter

_'_JM[_

_,_

_J_[[l[I

_

Deployed

__

PartiUon __.//_

Technology

Planning

Habitats

Structural Configuration

-

Multi-Layer Debris

Topics: Meteoroid/Orbital

Protection

Main Structural Attachments • Central Core - Inflatable Shell Interfac-'d',_ • Central Core Shelves

-

Structural Optimization • Central Core Longerons -_ • Inflatable Shell Aspect Ratio

-

Configuration

Core

Summary

94

&

Tanks Fairing

/ Flooring

SFTti°;r°fI;elfll

TransHAB Configuratiorl

n Storm Water

Surface

atable

Construction

Engineering Directorate Horacio

M. de la Fuente

HEDS

Technology

Habitats

Planning

Mete0r0id/Qrbital -

Structural

Debris

JSC Hypervelocity

Surface

Construction

Engineering Directorate

TransHAB Main

&

Horacio

M. de ia Fuente

Attachments

Protection

Testing

Results:

• >98% No leak, while in Earth orbit for ~ 6Mths (threat is orbital debris driven) • >99.5% No leak, during to/from Mars transit (threat is meteoroid driven) • Impacts up to 0.25 in. (0.63cm) Dia. Aluminum projectile, V=~7 km/s, 0° impact angle Main components: • Multi-shock Nextel bumpers

O

• High-strength Kevlar rear wall • Large, open cell fo4 N,x,,t_aFtOj c,r_,.icOo,h']"_ ,__.._ I Open cell foam

...__ .... .

_

_, -

I stana,r

I Nexte, (AF, O, _

Technology

Habitats

Planning

Central

Core

Shelf Equipment

& Surface

Construction

System and subsystems

are directly

mounted/installed on to central core shelf system to optimize structural design to take launch loads.

Station racks _e not used. I I

v

.........

95

[

HEDS

Technology

Planning

Central _

_'----

_ " Partitions' __c/Foam

\_ "

_ _

//

ECLSS,

Crew

_

3

"_L

_

Habitats

&

PM&D

and

Surface

Construction

Core Avionics,

Quarters

gl _

in Safe

Haven

I I.i'_ll

_._

I,_ L..._

"d dl

..7

Hygiene

Water

Tanks

Entertainment _

substation

and work unit: Light

weightf_e an_fabric that packages

Sleeping

Bag/Restraint

" Tvnlcal

96

Crew

Ouarter

into a box.