HIGH-RESOLUTION STILL PICTURE COMPRESSION MladEn VictoR ...

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Sep 27, 1993 - cause of the file sizes involved, transmitting images will always ... A digitally sampled image can only represent a band-limited function, since ...... transformed pixel values will always have the same sign, or when 0 plays no ...
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1

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0.8

0.6

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0.4

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0.2

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2

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C30 Scaling or father function



C30 Wavelet or mother function

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Higher frequency C30 wavelet packets

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1

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2

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8 9 12 13 10 11 14 15

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level 1

4

5

6

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level 2

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Basis of subbands at one level

P

Multiresolution or wavelet basis

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Adapted subband or wavelet packet basis

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W(0, 0)

F0

W(0,1)

F1

W(1,1)

F2 W(2,1) F3 W(3,1)

F0 F1

. . .

F2 F3

W(1, L) W(2, L) W(3, L) W(4, L) W(5, L)

F0 F1 F2 F3



W(0, L)

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. . .

. . . W(4L-2, L) W(4L-1, L)

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W(0, 0)

F0

W(0, 1)

F1

F1 W(1,1)

Details:

F2

F2 W(2,1)

F0



...

F0

W(0, L-1)

W(2,2)

F0

W(0,L)

F1 W(1,3)

F2 W(3,2)

W(3,1)

F0

F1 W(1,2)

F3

F3

W(0, 2)

W(2,3)

W(1,L)

...

F3 W(3,3)

F2 W(2,L) F3 W(3,L)

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3

3

3

3

2 1

(1,1) (2,2)

2

(3,2)

(2,1)

(3,1)

Subband index: (frequency, level)

P

2

3

4

5

1

(6,3) (7,3)

6

2

1

1

Decomposition level of each subband

8

7

9

10

Depth-first search encounter order

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Scanned image

Divide into (smooth) BxB blocks

Encode basis choice

Find best basis DCT (I or IV)

For B= ...8, 16,32,...

M e m o r y

X

Quantize transform values

Combine data streams and remove redundancy

Storage

Adapted block discrete/local cosine transform

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80 70

S/N (dB)

60 50

"A-jpeg" "A-lct" "A-bbwp" "A-owb"

40 30 20 10 0 0.01

0.1

1



Entropy (bpp)

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