host reaction of common bean genotypes to root-knot nematodes

15 downloads 0 Views 745KB Size Report
largest producer and is responsible to 15% from the world production with an ... (2004, 2007) reported losses in bean crops associated with M. incognita and.
University of Nebraska - Lincoln

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty

U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska

3-2017

HOST REACTION OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES A. C. Z. Machado Instituto Agronômico do Paraná

S. A. Silva Instituto Agronômico do Paraná

N. S. Fonseca Júnior Instituto Agronômico do Paraná

V. M. Cirino Instituto Agronômico do Paraná

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Machado, A. C. Z.; Silva, S. A.; Fonseca Júnior, N. S.; and Cirino, V. M., "HOST REACTION OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES" (2017). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 1723. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/1723

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BEAN IMPROVEMENT COOPERATIVE, No. 60, March 2017. Published by USDA.

HOST REACTION OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES Machado, A.C.Z.; Silva, S.A.; Fonseca Júnior, N.S.; Cirino, V.M. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, 86047-902.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) have great economic and social importance worldwide and is the widely distributed crop in the world and the main food legume in Americas, especially in Brazil, Mexico and the USA (Sikora et al., 2005). Brazil is the second largest producer and is responsible to 15% from the world production with an annual mean consumption of 3.25 million ton (MAPA, 2013). However, the productivity is compromised due to pests, diseases and weeds that occur in the crop, with emphasis to phytonematodes. In bean growing areas, yield losses caused by nematodes from genera Meloidogyne, especially M. incognita and M. javanica, have been frequently reported in Brazil (Inomoto, 2011) and can reach 50 to 90 % (Simão et al., 2005). Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria are the most common root-knot species associated with P. vulgaris causing extensive losses in the Americas, Africa and Asia (Di Vito et al., 2005, Sikora et al., 2005; Sikora & Greco, 1990). Besides these species, M. paranaensis and M. enterolobii can also occur in the crop (Machado, 2011). Recently, novel root-knot species were detected in bean growing areas in Brazil, M. inornata (Machado et al., 2013) and M. luci (Machado et al., 2016). Di Vito et al. (2004, 2007) reported losses in bean crops associated with M. incognita and M. javanica in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia. In Brazil, damage reports are lacking, but the majority of bean growing areas show favorable conditions to nematode multiplication, as sand soils, well drained and with mean temperatures of 25 to 30 oC (Agrofit, 2010). The occurrence of root-knot nematodes in bean crops causes typical symptoms in the root system of plants, the galls, besides the underdevelopment of plants that shows abnormal pigmentation of leaves, similar to nutritional deficiencies (Agrofit, 2010). The management of phytonematodes is based mainly in the use of resistant varieties, crop rotation and nematicides (Ferraz et al., 2010). However, as there are no nematicides registered for bean in Brazil, the use of resistant genotypes has a great importance. Resistance is an efficient tool to manage nematodes which improve the yields in infested fields, does not increase the total costs for production and is environmentally friendly. The development of resistant cultivars to root-knot nematodes is extremely important for the sustainability of the bean production chain. Due this, IAPAR has been included this trait in his bean breeding program for several years. Annually, at least 40 genotypes developed by the breeding program are tested to resistance to the root-knot nematodes M. incognita, M. javanica and M. paranaensis, the most important phytonematodes in our conditions. Genotypes are selected by their yield and grain qualities and sent to the Nematology Laboratory to procced the tests. Plants are cultivated under greenhouse controlled conditions and inoculated with nematodes. Evaluations taking into account the reproduction of nematodes, based on the reproduction factor (RF), and the number of nematodes per gram of roots. The more resistant genotypes are tested twice more, in order to ensure the characteristic and to maintain the quality for management recommendations. Results obtained until now showed that all genotypes tested to M. incognita and M. javanica were susceptible to both nematodes, although great phenotypic variation was observed. This variation is highly desirable in the breeding program, since genotypes can be used as 105

progenitors to develop more resistant genotypes. For M. paranaensis, several lineages were considered resistant in the tests, which can be released as resistant cultivars. Unfortunately, more efforts are necessary in order to select and develop resistant cultivars to the most important nematodes. The germplasm bank under the hold of IAPAR will be tested looking for resistant genotypes that could be used as progenitors in the breeding program. Besides, the change of genotypes among different countries and germplasm banks could improve the search for resistant genotypes. All these efforts are needed to better manage the phytonematodes present in agricultural areas and to ensure high yield quality to growers. REFERENCES AGROFIT. Manejo de doenças do feijoeiro comum. 2010. Available at http://extranet.agricultura.gov.br/agrofit_cons/principal_agrofit_cons. Accessed 10 August 2013. DI VITO, M.; PARISI, B.; CATALANO, F. Effect of population densities of Meloidogyne incognita on common bean. Nematologia Mediterranea, 32: 81-85, 2004. DI VITO, M.; PARISI, B.; CATALANO, F. Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pots. Nematropica, 37: 339-344, 2007. FERRAZ, S.; FREITAS, L.G.; LOPES, E.A.; DIAS-ARIEIRA, C.R. Manejo sustentável de nematoides. Viçosa: UFV, 2010. 306 pp. INOMOTO, M.M. 2011. Nematoides do gênero Pratylenchus em algodoeiro e feijoeiro no Brasil. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE NEMATOLOGIA, XXIX, Brasília. Resumos, p.147149. MACHADO, A.C.Z. Nematoides em feijão: perdas de 10% podem chegar a 50%. Portal do agronegócio, 2011. Available at http://nematologia.com.br/2011/12/nematoides-em-feijao-perdasde-10-podemchegar-a-50/. Accessed 10/08/2013. MACHADO, A.C.Z.; DORIGO, O.F.; MATTEI, D. First report of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne inornata parasitizing common bean in Paraná State, Brazil. Plant Disease, 97: 431, 2013. MACHADO, A.C.Z.; DORIGO, O.F.; CARNEIRO, R.M.D.G.; ARAÚJO FILHO, J.V. Meloidogyne luci, a new infecting nematode species on common bean fields at Paraná State, Brazil. Helminthologia, 53: 207-210, 2016. MAPA. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Brasil: projeções do agronegócio 2011/2012 a 2021/2022. Brasília, DF, pp. 1–50, 2013. Available at http://www.agricultura.gov.br/vegetal/culturas/feijao. SIKORA, R.A., GRECO, N., SILVA, J.F.V. Nematode parasites of food legumes. In: LUC, M., SIKORA, R.A., BRIDGE, J. (Eds) Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. CAB Publishing, Wallingford, USA, pp. 259 – 318, 2005. SIKORA R.A.; GRECO N. Nematode parasites of food legumes. Pp. 181-235. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Luc M., Sikora R.A. and Bridge J. eds). CAB International, Wallingford, U.K, 1990. SIMÃO, G.; HOMECHIN, M.; SANTIAGO, D.C.; SILVA, R.T.V.; RIBEIRO, E.R. Comportamento de duas cultivares de feijoeiro em relação à Meloidogyne javanica. Ciência Rural, 35:266- 270, 2005.

106