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A Robust Energy Coordinating Protocol to Enhance Data Transmission and Improve Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks Toan Van Nguyen Beongku An Dept. of Electronics & Computer Engineering in Graduate School, Hongik University Dept. of Software & Communications Engineering, Hongik University
Abstract
This paper proposes a robust energy coordinating protocol to increase the data transmission efficiency and improve the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. A sink node can receive data from multiple cluster heads (CHs) while it is moving through the network. Moreover, the CHs can be selected by considering the residual energy of each sensor node. Simulation is carried out using OMNeT++ to demonstrate that the proposed protocol outperforms LEACH protocol in terms of network lifetime and the received packets by the sink node.
The energy efficient low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (EE-LEACH) protocol was introduced in [2] to improve the energy efficiency and increase data transmission in WSNs. To prolong the network lifetime, the authors in [3] proposed a multi-hop transmission energy harvesting protocol for WSNs.
II. THE RE-LEACH PROTOCOL
Let's consider a network model for RE-LEACH protocol as shown in Fig. 1. We assume that each sensor node is aware of it's own remaining energy. All sensor nodes are stationary while the sink node can move in the network.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consists of many small sensor nodes (SN) deploying in an area to detect the physical phenomenon of environments. The SN uses their processing abilities to compute and send the information to the sink node .
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 2016R1D1A1B03934898) and by the Leading Human Resource Training Program of Regional Neo Industry through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (Grant No. 2016H1D5A1910577).
Fig. 1. The WSN with a mobile sink The operation of RE-LEACH protocol is similar to LEACH protocol with the setup phase and steady state phase . However, we propose the new threshold, T(n), in RE-LEACH to increase the data
transmission efficiency and improve the network lifetime. T(n) can be formulated as i f ∈ mod max
(1) where P is the proportion between the number of CHs and the number of SNs, 1/P is the expected number of nodes in a cluster, r denotes the current round and G is the group of nodes that have not been CH r mod(1/P ) rounds.
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
In this section, we evaluate the energy efficiency of RE-LEACH protocol by using Castalia simulator based on OMNeT++ on Ubuntu platform. The simulation parameters for RE-LEACH as Joule, P = 0.05, the network size is 200x200 , the speed of sink node is 20 m/s. The trajectory of sink node is a line with the coordinate from O(0,0) to A(200,200). max
RE-LEACH protocol is higher than that of LEACH in the remaining time. The reason is that the sensor node with high residual energy in RE-LEACH protocol has more chance to become CH than that of LEACH protocol. Therefore, the energy balance is achieved and the network lifetime is increased. Fig. 3 presents the total data successfully received by sink node with different value of transmit rates. As can be observed, the performance gap between RE-LEACH and LEACH protocols is large when the transmit rate is increased. The reason is that the number of alive nodes in RE-LEACH protocol is higher than that of LEACH protocol leading the significant increase of transmit data to the sink node, which results in the good performance of RE-LEACH protocol.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we propose a RE-LEACH protocol by considering the residual energy of each sensor node to optimize the CH election and extend the network lifetime. Simulation results indicate the outstanding performance of RE-LEACH protocol compared to LEACH protocol in terms of network lifetime and number of data received by sink node.
REFERENCES
Fig. 2. The number of alive node as a function of round of communication (second)
Fig. 3. Number of packets successfully received at the sink node. We first study the network lifetime of RE-LEACH protocol as shown in Fig. 2. As can be observed, the number of alive nodes of RE-LEACH protocol is similar to that of LEACH protocol within 50 seconds. However, the number of alive nodes of
[1] S. Papavassiliou and B. An, “Supporting multicasting in mobile ad-hoc wireless networks: issues, challenges, and current protocols,” Wireless Commun. Mobile Comput., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 115–130, 2002. [2] N. T. Van, and B. An, “An Energy Efficient Protocol to Extend Network Lifetime and Increase Transmission Efficiency for Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proc. of the Sixth International Conference on Green and Human Information Technology, Feb. 2018, pp. 1–5. [3] N. T. Van, T. N. Do, V. N. Q. Bao, B. An, "Performance Analysis of Wireless Energy Harvesting Multihop Cluster-Based Networks over Nakgami-m Fading Channels", IEEE Access, vol. 6, Dec. 2017. pp. 3068-3084.
