FIEF Working Paper Series 2001
ISSN 1651-0852
Nr. 169 Immigrants’ and Natives’ Unemployment-risk: Productivity Differentials or Discrimination?* by Mahmood Arai† och Roger Vilhelmsson‡ Abstract Studying the unemployment risk during 1992 to 1995 for a sample of employees in 1991, we find that immigrants from the non-European countries run a risk of unemployment that is twice the corresponding risk for the native workers. There exist substantial unemployment-risk differentials taking into account employees’ demographic and human capital characteristics, the wage-rate in 1991 and systematic sorting of workers across establishments associated with varying unemployment risks. Exaggerating beyond all reasonable limits, the ability differentials (measured in school grades and IQ-tests) between immigrants and natives fails to explain the differences between immigrants and natives in unemployment risks. Our simulations indicate that the observed unemployment-risk differentials between native and nonEuropean workers correspond to ability differentials that are at least as large as the whole range of IQ-scores. Our conclusion is that discriminatory behavior and stereotype beliefs must be involved. Furthermore, we report results indicating that the existing income-gap between immigrants and natives in Sweden is almost entirely due to unequal employment opportunities. Keywords: Immigration; Unemployment; Discrimination JEL classification: .J71; J15; J61; J64 August 15, 2001 ________________________________________________________ *
We are grateful to seminar participants at Trade Union Institute for Economic Research, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Department of Economics at Stockholm and Örebro University. Financial support from the Swedish Council for Work Life Research (RALF) is gratefully acknowledged. † Trade Union Institute for Economic Research (FIEF) and Stockholm University. Corresponding address:
[email protected]. ‡ Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University. Corresponding address:
[email protected].
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