Improved crude oil quality. Oil has taken a considerable place in our lives, not only because it is a source of energy which, together with natural gas, supplies the ...
Improved crude oil quality
Oil has taken a considerable place in our lives, not only because it is a source of energy which, together with natural gas, supplies the 60% of the world's energy needs, and the hydrocarbons which make it up Products, such as lubricants, bitumens and petrochemicals, namely synthetic rubbers, Plastics, synthetic fibers, solvents, detergents, etc., whose variety is constantly increasing. We are talking about oil and its derivatives and petrochemicals. Until 1900, oil was used only in city lighting, but after the development of the internal combustion engine and diesel engine, the exclusive use of it is imposed hence the scope of use Of crude oil has become extremely large. This industry is based on chemical processes such as catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, isomerization and on physical separation processes such as extraction, distillation, adsorption ... etc. International trade in petroleum products, whether raw or finished, is governed by contracts or sales regulations that provide specifications for the transport, use and use of finished products. Indeed, these specifications offer the user a guarantee of quality. As a result of developments and research on petroleum, a number of specifications have been set by carriers and refiners to assess its quality and processing. If the crude shipped does not meet the commercial specifications in quality then the quality control is required. The objective of this work is to improve the quality of crude oil. To do this we followed the following plan. Chapter I: Position of the problem Introduction Historical Cold Separation Separation LDHP Separation of floors Storage and Pumping Hydrostatic Field Separation (Desalting Unit) Hot separation (fractionation) Stabilization Unit Topping Unit Condensate fractionation unit The Gasoil Utility 23 Compressed Air System Service water CHAPTER II: SEPARATION Introduction Separation
General Constitution of Separators Separator Types Equipment in a Separator Regulatory bodies Operating elements Safety valves Burst Plate Maintenance Organs Operating Parameters of a Separator Separation Pressure Separation temperature CHAPTER III: CHEMICAL ANALYZES Introduction Determination of water and sediment in crude oils Object and scope Principle Equipment Centrifuge Centrifugal tube Procedure Salinity in the Gross Principle Procedure Vapor pressure Reid (TVR) Object Definition Principle Preparation of the test Preparation of the fuel chamber Preparation of the air chamber adjustment Transfer of the test portion Mounting the device Reading of steam pressure Crude oil analyzes The curves of the analysis CHAPTER V: Simulation on Hysis Introduction Simulation of industrial processes Static and dynamic simulations Introduction to the computational simulator Simulator Concepts and Features Thermodynamic models The equations of state Liquid-Steam Balance Choice of thermodynamic model Mathematical models of different devices The mixer The expansion valve
The liquid - vapor separator Part calculates simulation Basic crude feed data for units Composition of the load Results interpretation General conclusion
