Sep 30, 2015 - IUCN Species Survival Commission. Specialist Groups. Climate Change. Wildlife. Health. Re-introduction. Invasive Species. Conservation.
9/30/2015
The One Plan Approach: Connecting In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation Communities for Biodiversity Conservation Karin Schwartz, PhD Conservation Biologist
In situ and Ex situ In situ : in the wild +
Ex situ : under human care =
Conservation
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IUCN Red List Threatened Species VU
21% mammals
31% reptiles
EN
CR
30% amphibians
12% birds
42% turtles and tortoises
EW: 32 Animalia species
The Conservation Puzzle Education Reintroduction Captive Breeding
Private Sector
Sustainable Use
Ecosystem Management
Governments
Non Government Orgs
Life History Research
LUCK Translocation
Human Population Management
Disease Control Courtesy of CBSG
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Number of terrestrial species in ISIS member zoos Shaded bar indicates number within IUCN threatened categories (CR, EN, VU)
Conde et al. 2013. Zoos through the lens of the IUCN Red List: A global metapopulation approach to support conservation breeding programs. PLOS One 8 (12): e80311
Diverse Roles of Ex Situ / Intensively Managed Populations *Source population for reintroduction or release *Rescue population in the face of severe immediate threat (e.g. disease, catastrophe) *Insurance population against possible extinction in the wild (demographic and genetic backup)
*Head start program to increase survival *Research population to benefit wild population *Exhibition and education opportunities *Fundraising to support in situ field conservation
Courtesy of CBSG
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IUCN Species Survival Commission Specialist Groups Amphibians & Reptiles Fishes
Birds Fungi
Invertebrates
Mammals
Climate Change
Red List Authority in each SSC Taxon Specialist Group
Plants
Conservation Breeding
Re-introduction
Conservation Genetics
Wildlife Health
Invasive Species
Conservation Linking Wildlife Conservation Agencies, Field Biologists, landholders
CBSG
Zoos,Academics, Scientists and Other Partners
CBSG’s strength is in linking in situ and ex situ conservation efforts Courtesy of CBSG
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Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) workshop or similar Species Conservation Planning process
Population Status
Vision for Conservation of the Species
Threats Analysis
Long-term Goals
Short-term Objectives
Evaluation of Management Strategies
Recommended Conservation Actions
Climate change
Habitat loss
Epidemic disease
Overhunting
Invasive species
Small, fragmented isolated populations Demographic Stochasticity
Environmental Variation
Reduced N
EXTINCTION VORTEX
Loss of genetic diversity and Inbreeding
Catastrophes
Reduced adaptability, survival and reproduction
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Avoiding The Extinction Vortex Demographic & genetic supplementation Small, fragmented isolated populations Demographic Stochasticity
Environmental Variation
Reduced N
EXTINCTION VORTEX
Loss of genetic diversity and Inbreeding
Catastrophes
Reduced adaptability, survival and reproduction
Improved reproduction & survival
Genetic exchange & connectivity
Avoiding The Extinction Vortex Demographic & genetic supplementation Managed Populations
Population stability or growth
Improved reproduction & survival
AVOID EXTINCTION
Genetic diversity
Demographic stability
Genetic exchange & connectivity
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Successful integrated in situ and ex situ conservation stories
Courtesy of CBSG
The need for intensive management of populations is increasing …
Courtesy of CBSG
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Intensive population management is becoming an important tool as part of an integrated and holistic species conservation plan. Wild population
Reintroduced population
Semi-captive population
Intensively managed zoo population
Increasing intensity of management
Traditional Approach: Independent planning for in situ and ex situ populations
Wildlife managers, field biologists, SSC specialist groups, landowners, government authorities, etc.
Zoo/aquarium committees (TAGs, species management committees, population advisors, etc.)
Conservation Strategy, Action Plan, Recovery Plan
Viable In Situ Population
Zoo Species Program Goals and Masterplan
Occasionally
Viable Ex Situ Population Courtesy of CBSG
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One Plan Approach: Integrated Planning Efforts In situ conservation community and ex situ conservation community
Integrated Species Conservation Strategy
Ex situ management plan to meet Intensive Management of Populations conservation role
Conservation action plan for in situ population
Viable In Situ Population Courtesy of Conservation Breeding Specialist Group
One Plan Approach in situ ex situ
Integrated conservation plan for a species both inside and outside its natural range, and under all conditions of management engaging all responsible parties and all available resources.
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Can tools used for ex situ data and population management…
SPARKS
PopLink
… be used in integrative conservation planning and action?
Outbreak
Spatial
ZIMS gone WILD!
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What is needed from the zoo community? • Before compiling a Regional Collection Plan, liaise with IUCN/SSC Specialist Group on conservation priorities of your taxon group and the need for insurance Intensively Managed Population
• Integrate ex situ conservation planning efforts for taxon group with global species conservation planning efforts: Attend Red-listing and conservation planning workshops
• Manage ex situ populations as open meta-populations
How to start a One Plan Approach program • Link with the NGO community, especially local NGOs/field people, national and regional governments, and regional zoo associations. Participate in SSC Specialist Groups. CBSG can assist in making connections.
• TAG Chairs – work to improve zoo association conservation committees • Find an individual with the passion to push their species up the hierarchy • Include all stakeholders • The time is now – each threatened species needs a collaborative effort for holistic conservation action.
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Courtesy of ISIS
Australia
India
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