Incongruent cladistics reveal a new hydrozoan genus

Invertebrate Systematics, 2018, 32, 1083–1101 doi:10.1071/IS17070_AC

© CSIRO 2018

Supplementary material

Incongruent cladistics reveal a new hydrozoan genus (Cnidaria : Sertularellidae) endemic to the eastern and western coasts of the North Pacific Ocean Xikun Song A,B,C,H, Cinzia Gravili D,E, Bernhard Ruthensteiner F, Mingxin Lyu A and Jianjun WangG A

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,

Xiamen University, South Xiang’an Road, Xiamen 361102, China. B

Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.

C

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

D

Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy. E

Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy.

F

Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 München, Germany.

G

Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, 361005 Xiamen, China. H

Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Supplementary material 1. Specimens examined Supplementary material 2. Information of sequences used in this study Supplementary material 3. Comparative morphological characters for related species of Sertulariidae Lamouroux and Thyroscyphidae Supplementary material 4. Original light micrographs (raw data) of Xingyurella xingyuarum sp. nov., showing the light micrographs that serve as base for the line drawings in Figure 7 Supplementary material 5. Nematocysts of Xingyurella xingyuarum sp. nov. Supplementary material 6. Dataset (16S) for phylogenetic analyses in the present study Supplementary material 7. Dataset (16S+18S+28S) for phylogenetic analyses in the present study

Supplementary material 1. Specimens examined

Xingyurella turgida (Trask, 1857) comb. nov. —CASIZ94719, 1 colony, —CASIZ94721, 2 colonies, —CASIZ94722, 1 colony, Sonoma County, California, USA,R.J. Hamby, collecting data unknown. —CASIZ14595, 2 colonies, Monterey County, California, USA, W.S. Wallace. —MHNG-INVE-29467, Venice Lagoon, Los Angeles, California, USA, collected by diving or snorkelling, 0–30 m, 1997.I.02. Xingyurella pedrensis (Torrey, 1904) comb. nov. —CASIZ25606, 1 colony, off Lane County, Oregon, USA, station D-43-48, 124ºW, 39.8ºN, 77 m, Oregon State University, College of Oceanography. —CASIZ29271, 2 colonies, Oregon, USA, 124ºW, 35.5ºN, 82 m, Oregon State University, College of Oceanography. Xingyurella gotoi (Stechow, 1913) comb. nov. Collection information of type material. Japan, Sagami Bay, NE of Okinose Bank, 35.0167°N, 139.5556°E, depth 600 m, German Franz Doflein Expedition (1904–1905), station Zuso Maru 5, Nr. 357a, 1904.XI.10. Lectotype. —ZSM20040227, ethanol stored, formalin fixed, 1 colony, with 14 gonothecae. Paralectotype, —ZSM20050746–ZSM20050752, 7 slides, with 10 hydroid fragments, each fragment in ZSM20050746, ZSM20050748, ZSM20050749 and ZSM20050751with a gonotheca, respectively. Xingyurella xingyuarum sp. nov. Holotype. —MBM000479, 1 colony, gonotheca with short spines, Yellow Sea, 123.60ºE, 35.00ºN, Agassiz trawl, 67 m, 1959.X.17, Mu Chen. Paratypes. —MBM280254, Yellow Sea, station 3600-2B, 120.5894ºE, 35.9961ºN, Agassiz trawl, 2010.XI.20, Xikun Song, Junlong Zhang, Ping Ning, Xuwen Wu. —MBM280259, 2 fragments from one colony, gonotheca with short spines, Yellow Sea, station 3500-4B, 120.8518ºE, 35.0020ºN, Agassiz trawl, 35.4 m, 2010.XI.30, Xikun Song, Junlong Zhang, Ping Ning, Xuwen Wu. —MBM000453, 1 colony, gonotheca with short spines, Bohai Sea, 120.30ºE, 39.05ºN, beam trawl, 20 m, 1959.II.4. —MBM000482, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, 121.75ºE, 36.75ºN, Agassiz trawl, 10 m, 1959.X.22, Gongyi Hu. —MBM000483, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, 123.45ºE, 39.43ºN, Agassiz trawl, 22 m, 1959.X.18, Mu Chen. —MBM000484, several fragments, gonotheca with long

spines, Bohai Sea, 123.6ºE, 35.0ºN, Agassiz trawl, 1959.VII.17, Jinxiang Jiang. Other material. —MBM000474, 2 colonies, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, 122.65ºE, 37.82ºN, Agassiz trawl, 66.5 m, 1959.X.18. —MBM000475, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, 123.40ºE, 37.82ºN, Agassiz trawl, 70 m, 1959.X.20, Gongyi Hu. —MBM000476, 2 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, 122.65ºE, 37.82ºN, Agassiz trawl, 55.8 m, 1959.X.9. —MBM000477, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, East China Sea, 123.00ºE, 30.00ºN, Agassiz trawl, 52 m, 1959.X.25. —MBM000478, 1 colony, gonotheca with short spines, Yellow Sea, 122.92ºE, 37.72ºN, Agassiz trawl, 47 m, 1959.X.19, Mu chen. —MBM000480, 1 colony, gonotheca with short spines, Yellow Sea, 120.00ºE, 35.5ºN, Agassiz trawl, 25 m, 1959.X.29, Mu Chen. —MBM000481, 1 colony, gonotheca with short spines, Yellow Sea, 122.25ºE, 36.75ºN, Agassiz trawl, 21 m, 1959.X.22, Mu Chen. —MBM185488, 3colonies, gonotheca absent, South Yellow Sea, unknown coordinates, 22 m, 1958. VII.14. —MBM280073, 2 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, 123.45ºE, 39.43ºN, Agassiz trawl, 22 m, 1959.X.18.—MBM280111, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, station 1098-2B, 121.1556ºE, 38.6675ºN, Agassiz trawl, 65.5 m, 2010.XI.23, Xikun Song, Junlong Zhang, Ping Ning, Xuwen Wu. —MBM280160, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, station 3300-2B, 123.0452ºE, 33.0123ºN, Agassiz trawl, 32.5m, 2010.XI.28, Xikun Song, Junlong Zhang, Ping Ning, Xuwen Wu. —MBM280232, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, station 124-9B, 123.9998ºE, 37.9804ºN, Agassiz trawl, 2011.XI.5, Junlong Zhang. —MBM280243, 1 colony, gonotheca absent, Yellow Sea, station 3875-5B, 123.9992ºE, 38.7349ºN, Agassiz trawl, 56.9 m, 2010.VII.15, Wenliang Liu, Wei Jiang, Xuwen Wu. —MBM282659, 1 colony, gonotheca with short spines, East China Sea, station DH1-3, 124.0006ºE, 30.0010ºN, Agassiz trawl, 65 m, 2013.X.27, Bingqin Liu.

Supplementary material 2. Information of sequences used in this study Species

Locality

Voucher

GenBank number

Reference

Abietinaria abietina

Iceland

MHNG-INVE-29946

AY787898 (16S)

Cunningham (2004) direct submission

FJ550554 (18S)

Leclère et al. (2009)

FJ550411 (28S) Amphisbetia operculata

South Africa

MHNG-INVE-34014

FJ550489 (16S) FJ550561 (18S) FJ550418 (28S)

Antarctoscyphus elongatus

Antarctica

/

FN424138 (16S)

Antarctoscyphus grandis

Antarctica

/

FN424139 (16S)

Ross Sea

LEM m3X46A

KT722383 (18S)

Peña Cantero et al. (2010)

Maronna et al. (2016)

KT757185 (28S) Antarctoscyphus spiralis

Antarctica

lem_S151

FN424140 (16S)


KT722384 (18S)


KT757141(28S) Clytia hemisphaerica

North Sea

/

AY789814 (16S)

Govindarajan et al. (2006)

FJ550601 (18S)


FJ550457 (28S) Diphasia fallax

Iceland

MHNG-INVE-29950

AY787901 (16S)


FJ550557 (18S)


FJ550414 (28S) Dynamena moluccana

Indonesia

/

FJ550494 (16S) FJ550563 (18S) FJ550429 (28S)

Fraseroscyphus hozawai

Qingdao, China

MBM280006

KT190714 (16S)

Song et al. (2016b)

KT190766 (18S) KT190773 (28S) Hydrallmania falcata

Plymouth UK

/

AM888325 (16S)

Moura et al. (2008)

Iceland

MHNG-INVE-29948

FJ550559 (18S)


FJ550416 (28S) Salacia desmoides

Portugal

/

FJ550464 (16S) FJ550528 (18S) FJ550381 (28S)

Sertularella africana

South Africa

MHNG-INVE-34017

FJ550490 (16S) FJ550563 (18S) FJ550420 (28S)

Sertularella cf. fusiformis

Lido, Funchal naval club,

1

Madeira

/

JF898041 (16S)

Moura et al. (2011)

Species

Locality

Voucher

GenBank number

Madeira Pto Pto Cruz

/

JF898042 (16S)

Azores, Boca Caldeirinhas

/

JF898030 (16S)

Azores, Flores

/

JF898038 (16S)

Azores, Faial Island

/

JF898047 (16S)

Azores, PtoHorta

/

JF898050 (16S)

Sertularella cf.

Off Viana do Castelo, NW

/

JF898028 (16S)

mediterranea

Portugal

Sertularella cf. unituba

Azores Bank, Azores

/

JF898045 (16S)

Sertularella diaphana

Cidade de Maceio:Alagoas

MZUSP 1725

KT266639 (16S)

Sertularella cf. fusiformis

Reference

2


KT722430 (18S) KT757131 (28S) Sertularella ellisii

Mallorca, Spain

MHNG-INVE-32156

FJ550478 (16S)


FJ550545 (18S) FJ550402 (28S)

Sertularella gayi

Estelas, W Portugal

/

JF898049 (16S)

Moura et al. (2011)

Morocco: Mercator mud

/

AM888340 (16S)

Moura et al. (2008)

/

JF898029 (16S)

Moura et al. (2011)

Flores Island, Azores

/

JF898032 (16S)


/

JF898033 (16S)

Madeira Island, Calheta

/

JF898046 (16S)

France: Roscoff

MHNG-INVE-36302

FJ550579 (18S)

volcano, Gulf of Cadiz, NE Atlantic Farilhoes Berlengas, W Portugal


FJ550436 (28S) Sertularella mediterranea

Banyuls-sur-Me, France

MHNG-INVE-32948

FJ550479 (16S)

Aljezur, SW Portugal

/

JF898037 (16S)

Azores, Mosteiros

/

JF898039 (16S)

Azores, Terceira

/

JF898040 (16S) FJ550546 (18S) FJ550403 (28S)

Sertularella ornata

Estelas Bxa Alagada, W

/

JF898051 (16S)

/

JF898052 (16S)

Plymouth, UK

/

JF898025 (16S)

Farilhoes Berlengas, W

/

JF898026 (16S)

/

JF898031 (16S)

Portugal Berlengas, Rinchao, W Portugal Sertularella polyzonias

Portugal Azores, Pico Faial

Moura et al. (2011)


Species

Sertularella robusta

Locality

Voucher

GenBank number

Reference

Azores, Faial Channel

/

JF898044 (16S)

Morocco: Pen Duick

/

AM888339 (16S)

Moura et al. (2008)

Gulf of Cadiz

/

JF898034 (16S)

Moura et al. (2011)

Pen Duick Escarpment,

M200717

JF898035 (16S)

Gulf of Cadiz

/

JF898036 (16S)

Gulf of Cadiz

/

JF898043 (16S)

Iceland: Sandgerdi &

MHNG-INVE-29032

AY787906 (16S)

Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz, NE Atlantic

Gulf of Cadiz

Sertularella rugosa

Gardur *Sertularella


Antarctica, Low Island

/

FN424141 (16S)


Antarctica

LEM m3XS158

KT722431 (18S)


sanmatiasensis

KT757202 (28S) Sertularella simplex

Otago, Surat Bay, New

MHNG-INVE-91078

KX355446 (16S)

Zealand Sertularella sp.

Schuchert (2016) direct submission

Azores, Sao Miguel Island

/

JF898027 (16S)


/

JF898048 (16S)

Sertularelloides

Praia do Frances, Marechal

MZUSP 1677

KT266640 (16S)

cylindritheca

Deodoro, Alagoas, Brazil

Moura et al. (2011)


KT722433 (18S) Sertularia cupressina

Iceland

MHNG-INVE-29949

FJ550475 (16S)


FJ550539 (18S) FJ550395 (28S) Staurotheca antarctica

Antarctic

lem_S155

FN424142 (16S)


KT722438 (18S)


KT757203 (28S) Staurotheca nonscripta

Antarctica

/

FN424144 (16S)

Symplectoscyphus exochus

Antarctica

lem_S123

FN424147 (16S)


KT722440 (18S)


KT757172 (28S) Symplectoscyphus glacialis

Antarctica

lem_S153

FN424148 (16S)


KT722441 (18S)


KT757178 (28S) Symplectoscyphus

Chukchi Sea

MBM240527

KT190735 (16S)

Song et al. (2016b)

tricuspidatus KT190771 (18S) KT190775 (28S) Thuiaria thuja

Iceland

MHNG-INVE-29951

AY787908 (16S)

Cunningham (2004) direct

Species

Locality

Voucher

GenBank number

Reference submission

EU305503 (18S)

Cartwright et al. (2008)

EU305536 (28S) Thyroscyphus marginatus

Honduras

MHNG-INVE-35477

FJ550495 (16S)


FJ550573 (18S) FJ550430 (28S) Thyroscyphus ramosus

Brazil

MZUSP 1664

KM822774 (16S)


KM822775 (18S) KM822776 (28S) Xingyurella turgida

California

MHNG-INVE-29467

FJ550462 (16S)


FJ550524 (18S) FJ550377 (28S) Xingyurella xingyuarum

Yellow Sea

MBM280254

MF135580 (16S)

This study

MF135581 (16S) MF135582 (16S) MF491516 (16S) MG763076 (18S) MG763078 (28S2) MG763079 (28S4+28S5) MBM280111

MF491517 (16S)

MBM280232

MF491518 (16S) MF135580 (16S)

MBM280259

MF135583 (COI) MF135584 (COI) MG763077 (18S) MG763080 (28S)

Notes: MBM = Marine Biological Museum of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, CAS; MHNG = Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève; MZUSP = Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo * Galea et al. (2017) assumed that some records of Sertularella sanmatiasensis (co)authored by Peña Cantero possibly belong to Sertularella antarctica.

References See details in the main text.

Supplementary material 3. Comparative morphological characters for related species of Sertulariidae and Thyroscyphidae Species

A

B

C

D (Hydrotheca)

E (Gonotheca)

R

1

2

1

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

3

1

0

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

3-4

1

0

1

1

S. ornata

2

0

1

1

?

?

?

0

3

1

2

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

4

1

0

?

2

S. polyzonias

2

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

3

1

0

1

4

1

4

1

0

0

0

2-4

1

0

1

3

S. ellisii

2

0

1

1

?

?

?

0

3

1

0

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

3-4

1

0

?

4

S. africana

2

0

1

1

?

?

0

0

3

1

2

1

4

0

4

2

0

0

0

3

1

0

1

5

X. turgida

2

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

3

1

0

1

3

1

3

1

0

0

1

3-4

0

0

?

6

X. xingyuarum

2

0

0/1

1

0

1

1

0

3

1

2

1

3

0

3

0

0

0

1

4

0

0

?

7

X. pedrensis

2

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

3

1

1

1

3

0

3

0

0

0

1

4

0

0

?

8

X. gotoi

2

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

3

1

0

1

3

1

3

0

0

0

1

4

0

0

?

9

S. simplex

2

0

1

1

?

?

0

0

3

1

0

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

3-4

1

0

?

10

S. gayi

2

0

1

1

?

0

?

0

3

1

0

1

4

0

4

2

0

0

0

2-4

1

0

1

11

S. robusta

2

0

1

1

1

1

?

0

3

1

2

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

3

1

0

?

12

S. sanmatiasensis

2

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

3

1

1

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

3-4

1

0

1

13

S. rugosa

2

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

3

1

2

1

4

0

4

2

0

0

0

4

0

0

1

14

S. diaphana

2

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

3

2

0

1

4

1

4

0

1

0

0

0

0

2

?

15

S. acutidentata

2

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

3

1

0

1

4

0

4

0

1

0

0

3

0

3

?

16

S. albida

2

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

2

1/2

0

1

4

0

4

2

0

0

0

0

1

0

?

17

S. inabai

2

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

3

1

0

1

4

1

4

0/1*

0

1

1

3-5

1

0

1

18

S. mirabilis

2

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

3

1

2

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

0-4

1

0

?

19

S. quadridens

2

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

3

1

0

1

4

1

4

2

0

0

0

4

0

4

?

20

▲

Sertularella

mediterranea ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

S. spirifera

2

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

3

1

2

1

4

0

4

2

0

0

1

0-3

1

0

?

21

Calamphora parvula

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

0

2

?

4

0

4

2

0

0

0

4

0

0

?

22

2

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

3

0

0

0

4

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

23

▲

Thyroscyphus

ramosus ▲

represent species with partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene; * represent 0 (female gonotheca) / 1 (male gonotheca).

Abbreviations and codes for morphological characters. A, colony: A1, colony stolonal (1) or erect (2); A2, colony forming (1) or not forming (0) net-like colonies. B, hydrocaulus: B1, with (1) or without (0) distinct hydrocaulus. C, hydrocladium: C1, with (1) or without (0) hydrocladium; C2, with (1) or without (0) branching apophysis; C3, with (1) or without (0) an axillary hydrotheca; C4, with (1) or without (0) repeated dichotomously branchlets. D, hydrotheca: D1, hydrotheca pedicellate (1) or sessile / not pedicellate (0); D2, hydrothecal arrangement on hydrocladium, opposite (1), sub-opposite (2), alternate (3); D3, hydrotheca free (0) partially adnate (1) or totally adnate (2); D4, hydrothecal surface smooth (0), or with fine transversal undulates or grooves (1), or with deep transversal undulates, grooves (2); D5, with (1) or without (0) abcauline caecum; D6, number of hydrothecal marginal cusps; D7, with (1) or without (0) hydrothecal internal teeth; D8, number of opercular valves. E, gonotheca: E1, surface smooth (0), or with fine transversal undulates or grooves (1), or with deep transversal undulates, grooves (2); E2, surface with (1) or without (0) longitudinal ridges; E3, surface with (1) or without (0) longitudinal ribs; E4, gonothecal surface (the apical part excluded) with (1) or without (0) spines; E5, number of apical cusps, processes or horns; E6, with (1) or without (0) short distal neck; E7, number of apical opercular flaps; E8, with (1) or without (0) acrocyst in female gonotheca. R, references: 1, Hartlaub (1901); Medel Soteras et al. (1991); Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa (2002); Gravili et al. (2015); 2, Deshayes and Milne-Edwards (1836); Medel Soteras et al. (1991); Medel Soteras and Vervoort (1998); Moura et al. (2011); 3, Cornelius (1979, 1995); Medel Soteras et al. (1991); Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa (2002); Moura et al. (2011); Gravili et al. (2015); 4, Deshayes and Milne-Edwards (1836); Medel Soteras and Vervoort (1998); Moura et al. (2011); Gravili et al. (2015); 5, Stechow (1923); Millard (1975); 6, Trask (1857); Clark (1877); Hartlaub (1901); Torrey (1902); Song (2016); this study; 7, Park and Rho (1986); Park (2010); this study; 8, Torrey (1902, 1904); this study; 9, Stechow (1913a, 1913b); this study; 10, Hutton (1873); Bale (1924); Trebilcock (1928); Vervoort and Watson

(2003); 11, Lamouroux (1821); Cornelius (1995); Schuchert (2001); Gravili et al. (2015); 12, Coughtrey (1875, 1876); Vervoort and Watson (2003); 13, Blanco (1984); Galea, Häussermann and Försterra (2009); El Beshbeeshy and Jarms (2011); 14, Hincks (1868); Nutting (1904); Naumov (1960); Cornelius (1995); Schuchert (2001); Song (2016); 15, Billard (1925); Song (2016); 16, Billard (1919, 1925); Hirohito (1995); Song (2016); 17, Kirchenpauer (1884); Hartlaub (1901); Nutting (1904); Naumov (1960); Song (2016); 18, Stechow (1913b); Hirohito (1995); Song (2016); 19, Jäderholm (1896); Hirohito (1995); Park (1998, 2010); Song (2016); 20, Bale (1884); Billard (1925); Song (2016); 21, Stechow (1931); Stechow and Uchida (1931); Song (2016); 22, Allman (1888); 23, Allman (1877), Splettstösser (1929); Migotto (1996); Shimabukuro and Marques (2006); Galea (2008, 2010).

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Supplementary material 4. Original light micrographs (raw data) of Xingyurella xingyuarum sp. nov., showing the light micrographs that serve as base for the line drawings in Figure 6

Supplementary material 5. Nematocysts of Xingyurella xingyuarum sp. nov. A. MBM000453; B, MBM000477; C, MBM000480; D, MBM282659, a discharge nematocyst. Arrows indicate nematocysts.