Influence of concrete cracking on wood concrete composite bridges ...

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Dec 7, 2013 - Influence of concrete cracking on wood concrete composite bridges. Frank Schanack. Prof. Dr. Ing. Universidad Austral de. Chile. Valdivia ...
Influence of concrete cracking on wood concrete composite bridges 

Frank Schanack Prof. Dr. Ing. Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile [email protected] 

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Summary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eywords:C;;0/;:/>1@1/;91@1/>-/75:3@59.1>.>50314581 

1.

Introduction

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 12-.>5/-@10$.1-9?-:0-/;:/>1@101/72;>.>5031?C5@4?1@101/72;>.>5031?C5@4?5031?C5@4?5031?.15:3.A58@5:4581->19-01;212-.>5/-@10.1-9?$#;> ?@118C5@4-/;91@101/7&41>12;>1@415:@>;0A/@5;:;2C;;0/;:/>1@1/;95031?C41>1@4112-.>5/-@10.1-9?->19-01;238A108-95:-@10@59.1>0;1?:;@?AA/@5;:@1/4:;8;3E-:05?5:@1>1?@5:32;>@414581-:.>5031-A@4;>5@51? 2.2 Timber bridges &41/;:?@>A/@5;:;2@59.1>.>5031?5:45815??@-:0->05F10.E@41 5:5?@>E;2#A.85/);>7?  5:5?@1>5;01".>-?#H.85/-?C45/4>;-0-:0.>5031/;:?@>A/@5;:+ , //;>05:3@;@45?9-:A-8@59.1>.>5031?->1;B5?5;:-8.>5031?C5@4-C;;01:01/7-:0/;:/>1@1 -.A@91:@?-:0;:1?5:381@>-225/8-:1&41@EA/@5;:?E?@192;>?;9  @;

 95?35B1:5:253A>1? -:0 &41/>;???1/@5;:;2@418;:35@A05:-8.1-9?B->51?2>;9

ND

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Fig. 1 Elevation and longitudinal section of a standard Chilean timber bridge [3] 

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Fig. 2 Cross section of a standard Chilean timber bridge [3] 2.3 Ancahual Bridge &4125>?@4581-:C;;0/;:/>1@1/;950315?3;5:3@;.1@41:/-4A-8>503153  8;/-@105:@41?@-@1O$135G:018->-A/-:5-P/8;?1@;@41@;C:;2;:/;/41@5?-?59.>50312;>@C;8-:1?;2@>-225/C5@4-?-05-@-;: .1-9?&41@59.1>.1-9?->1

 98;:3C5@4-C50@4;2  9-:0  95:01/;::1/@;>A?10.1@C11:@41/;:/>1@1?8-.-:0@41@59.1>.1-9?->1SNDNC;;0?/>1C? &419-5:>1-?;:2;>@4101/5?5;:@;A?1@45?@EC-?@41>1=A5>191:@;2@41.>5031 -A@4;>5@E@;A?11D5?@5:301?53:?@-:0->0?&4141-0;2@41SNDNC;;0?/>1C?5??5958->@;?@A0 /;::1/@;>?-:0/-:.101?53:10-??A/4C4581@41/;::1/@5;:;2C;;0?/>1C?@;@41@59.1>.1-95? -?@-:0->001?53:01@-58&41>1->1@C;>;C?;2C;;0?/>1C?;:1-/4.1-9@418;:35@A05:-8 ?1-@5;:.1@C11:@41/;::1/@;>?5? /9:;>01>@;5:/>1-?1@41?85;2C;;0?/>1C?5?/;:?501>-.8E45341>@4-::1/1??->E@;-/451B1@41-01=A-@1 A8@59-@18;-0/-:-@5;:-8;:21>1:/1;:&59.1>>5031? -?(13-?!1B-0-'%

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Cross section 0.20

0.70

4.00

4.00

1.15

0.90

0.18 4%

4% 2,5%

2,5%

2,5%

0.54

2,5%

GL Beam 25x140 cm

10%

0.25

1.17

1.17

1.17

1.17 9.80

Fig. 4 Cross section of Ancahual Bridge

1.17

10%

1.17

0.25

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3.

Methodology

3.1

General approach

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 Fig. 5 Connection types used in the laboratory tests of Van der Linden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Table 1 Variable parameters of the FEM calculation model Concrete slab

Timber beam

General

1/191:@

>11115:7-31

%4>5:7-31

1:3@4-:0C50@4



%C1885:3



 conector springs

EI c (BFGS)

z z

z

z

EI t

z z z

z z z

z z z

kinematic couplings

Fig. 6 Schematic view of the numerical analysis model



CL

&41:;:85:1->5@1>-@5;:5: ;>01>@;25:0@412;>/1 1=A585.>5A9.1@C11:.1:05:3 9;91:@-:0/A>B-@A>1;2@41 /;:/>1@1?8-.C-?2;>910 .E%>;E01:81@/41> ;802->.í%4-::;;/10A>1 C5@485:1?1->/4-31:1>-88E -//1 012;>9-@5;:01@1>95:-@5;:5: >15:2;>/10/;:/>1@1?@>A/@A>1? &41?@>1???@>-5:2A:/@5;:;2 @41/;:/>1@15?-0;;9 @41  +,C45/45? @41B-850?@-:0->05:4581

3.3 Laboratory tests &418-.;>-@;>E@1?@?C1>101?53:10-??41->@1?@?:@41?41->@1?@?-/710/;:/>1@1 C-??59A8-@10.E->10A/@5;:;2@4119.1001081:3@4;2@41/;::1/@;>?5:@41/;:/>1@1&45?C-? -/451B10.E-?1-@5;:.1@C11:@41/;:/>1@1-:0@41@59.1>;2 99 99 99-:099&41 ?41->@1?@?/;::1/@;>?

Fig. 7 Test configuration of shear tests

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4.

Results

4.1 Calibration of the FEM model :-25>?@?@11?A8@?0;/A91:@105:@4185@1>-@A>1C1>1/;910C5@4@4;?1;2@41:;: /-85.>-@1:A91>5/-89;018C45/491-:?-:A91>5/-89;018C-?[email protected]?410C5@4:;:85:1-> 9-@1>5-8-:0/;::1/@;>;@51?5:/;91/;991:0-@5;:??-: 1D-91?4;C?@45?/;95?;:2;>@410-@-;285:31:.1>3-:0(-:01>5:01:?/-: .1?11:5:?;91/-?1?->18-@5B18E4534/;>>18-@5;:C-?-/451B10-?5:@41/-?1;285:31:.1>3 &41>1.;@4/A>B1?->1/8;?1@;31@41>.A@@41 ?4;C?-3>1-@1>?@522:1??5:@4118-?@5/>-:31-:0 -81???@522:1??.1E;:0@45?>-:31;C1B1>5:@41/-?1;2(-:01>5:01:@41>15?8;C/;>>18-@5;: .1@C11:@415:5@5-8 -:0@41@1?@>1?A8@?&41>1@41 9;018?@588?4;C?18-?@5/.14-B5;> C41:@41@1?@>1?A8@?4-0-8>1-0E1:@1>105:@;@41-:31 Comparison of the results with Klingenberg 2011

Comparison of the results with Van der Linden 1999

140

100

25 Experimentally

Experimentally

Force [kN]

Force [kN]

120

Not calibrated model

80 60 40

20

Not calibrated model

15 10 5

20 0 0,00

5,00

10,00

0 0,00

15,00

Vertical displacement [mm]

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

Vertical displacement [mm]

Fig. 8 Comparison of the results from the not calibrated model

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?4;C@41>1?A8@?;2@41/-85.>-@5;:;/1?? &419-5:/4-:315:;>01>@;;.@-5:-.1@@1> /;>>18-@5;:C5@4@41>1?A8@?;285:31:.1>3C-? @41>10A/@5;:;2@41/;::1/@;>?@522:1??-:0 ?@>1:3@4.E A>@41>9;>12;>@41C;;0 ?/>1C/;::1/@;>@41.585:1->8-C;:-@5;:-8;:21>1:/1;:&59.1>>5031? -?(13-?!1B-0-'%

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35 30

Force [kN]

25 20 15

Experimentally

10

Calibrated model

5

Non-calibrated model

0 0

20

40

60

80

Vertical displacement [mm]

100

53A>1 ?4;C?@41/;95?;:;2@41:;: /-85.>-@10-:0/-85.>-@10 9;018C5@4@41 @1?@>1?A8@?;2;>18-@5;:.1@C11:@41?59A8-@5;:-:0@41 8-.;>-@;>E@1?@5?59;B10C41:@41/;::1/@;> ?@522:1??5?>10A/10.E 8?;@41 :A91>5/-89;018-88;C?2;>/;:/>1@1/>-/75:3 ;>8;-0?.5331>@4-:-.;A@ 7!@419;018 05B1>31?2>;9@41@1?@>1?A8@:2-/@@41@1?@ .1-9??119@;>1-/4@415>A8@59-@1/-5/-89;018-88;C?2;>/;:/>1@1 />-/75:3@41>1?A8@?->1B1>E/8;?1@;@41@1?@ >1?A8@?;2*1;453

A1@;@41:;@/410 ?41->/;::1/@;>?@41>15?:;?53:525/-:@.12;>1>A1:@4118-?@5/>-:31 @41@41;>1@5/9;0184-?-4534/;>>18-@5;:C5@4 @418-.;>-@;>E@1?@?&41A?1;2@41/-85.>-@10 9;018C5@4 >10A/10/;::1/@;>?@522:1?? 0;1?:;@81-0@;-:59@-:@59;B191:@:;> 0;1?5@81-0@;-1>/;>>18-@5;:

90 80

Force [kN]

70 60 50 40 Experimentally Experimenta

30 20

Calibrated model m

10

Non-calibrated model Non-calibrate

0 0

20

40

60

Vertical displacement [mm]

80



 Fig. 11 Calibrated with Yeoh 2001

4.2 Laboratory test results ?91:@5;:10-.;B1@41?41->@1?@?1:@?1-@5;:?.1@C11:@41/;:/>1@1-:0 @41@59.1>5:;>01>@;?59A8-@1@411221/@;28;??;219.1005:381:3@4;2@41?41->/;::1/@;>?5:/-?1 ;2/;:/>1@1/>-/75:3&41>15?-?A-/701A810.E-2-/@;>;2 @; &41>18-@5B18E?9-88?1-@5;:?A?105:@41@1?@ 99 99-:099/-A?1-B1>E?53:525/-:@ ?@522:1??8;??5:@41?41->/;::1/@;>?":-B1>-31@4118-?@5/?@522:1??5?>10A/10.E -:0 >1?5:3@41?1>1?A8@?.E/;:?1>B-@5B1-??A9-/7? 99 01110A/@5;:;2 5:/;::1/@;>? 120

Force [kN]

100 80 60 40

No separation 2 mm separation 4 mm separation 6 mm separation

20 0 0

5

10

15

20

25

Relative displacement [mm]

 Fig. 12 Results from shear test with different separations between concrete and timber

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5.

Discussion

A>5:3@4101?53:;2@4125>?@4581-:C;;0/;:/>1@1/;950315@C-?2;A:0@4-@/1>@-5: @59.1>/;:/>1@101-@5;?-:031;91@>5/;@5;:?/-:/-A?1@>-/@5;:;:@41.;@@;9?501;2@41 /;:/>1@1?8-.;C1B1>@411D5?@5:301?53:>1/;991:0-@5;:?0;:;@35B1/;:?5?@1:@-0B5/1 &41>12;>1@45?>1?1->/4;61/@;:@415:28A1:/1;2/;:/>1@1/>-/75:3;:C;;0/;91@5/-8@;2@41>1?1->/4-5910@;:A91>5/-88E?59A8-@1>1-88-.;>-@;>E@1?@?&41 :A91>5/-89;018C-?/-85.>-@10.E@41>1?A8@?;28-.;>-@;>E@1?@?2;A:05:@4185@1>-@A>1 %A>5?5:38E@41/;:?501>-@5;:;2@4191>1?@522:1??>10A/@5;:;2@41/;:/>1@1?8-.0A1@;/>-/75:3 4-?B1>E85@@811221/@;:@4159;B191:@;2@41/;>>18-@5;:.1@C11:?59A8-@10-:0>1-8@1?@>1?A8@? ;>-:1221/@5B1/-85.>-@5;:5@C-?:1/1??->E@;>10A/1-005@5;:-88E@41?@522:1??;2@41?41-> /;::1/@5;:.E-.;A@ &45?91-:?@4-@-/;:/>1@1/>-/79534@C1-71:@4119.1005:3;2@41 ?41->/;::1/@;>?5:@41/;:/>1@1;B1>@4101-/7&45?.14-B5;A>5?85718E?5958->@;C4-@ ;//A>?C41:@41>15?-?9-88?1-@5;:.1@C11:@41/;:/>1@1-:0@41@59.1> :01105:8-.;>-@;>E@1?@?-@@41';2?41->?10A/10.EA1B1>E?9-88-:0?4;A804-B1-?5958->1221/@-??9-88/>-/7?C5@4011?A8@?2>;9@41 ?59A8-@5;:?-:0;2@41?41->@1?@?5:05/-@1@4-@@415:28A1:/1;2@41 /;:/>1@1/>-/75:35?:;@8595@10@;-?@522:1??>10A/@5;:;2@41/;:/>1@1?8-.:;>01>@;/-85.>-@1@41 :A91>5/-89;0185@C-?-8?;:1/1??->E@;>10A/1@41?@522:1??;2?41->/;::1/@;>?!;;@41> -91@1>C-?2;A:0@;?53:525/-:@8E59;B1@41/;>>18-@5;:.1@C11:?59A8-@5;:?-:0>1-8@1?@? -.;>-@;>E@1?@?B-850-@1@4-@?9-88/;:/>1@1/>-/7?/-:/-A?1?53:525/-:@/;::1/@;>?@522:1?? >10A/@5;:? :-2A>@41>>1?1->/4?@1-@;>E@1?@?;2.1:05:3?5/;@5;:?@4-@->11?-/75:35:;>01>@;;.?1>B152@41 .14-B5;A>;2@41?41->/;::1/@;>/4-:31?-:052@41>1->1.1:05:3/>-/7?-@@41.;@@;9?A>2-/1;2 @41/;:/>1@1?8-.

7.

Acknowledgements

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-:0?10.E@41 5>1/@5;:;2$1?1->/4-:01B18;?5@15@ 182@  *1;4Behaviour and Design of Timber-Concrete Composite Floor System':5B1>?5@E;2 -:@1>.A>E  RB58-Cálculo de un puente de vigas mixtas madera- hormigón basado en parámetros de diseño experimentales':5B1>?50-0A?@>-8014581 

+ , + , +, +, +, +,

85:31:.1>3&Determinación experimental de Parámetros de Diseño para Puentes de Vigas Mixtas Madera-Hormigón':5B1>?50-0A?@>-8014581  91>5/-:;:/>1@1:?@5@A@1Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08)  '%

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