Information and Communication Infrastructures

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structures for Improved Business Pro- cesses. Fraunhofer. Institut. Software- und. ISST. Systemtechnik. Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures.
Info-Folie Titel:

Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures

Referent: Bemerkungen:

Herbert Weber March 1998

Filename:

ISST

Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures

Herbert Weber Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering March 1998

ISST

Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements

Proposition 0 on trends and perspectives in business data processing

Proposition 1 Information and Communication Systems as an infra structure

Proposition 2 Information and Communication Infrastructures as a moving target

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements

Proposition 3 Reference framework for Information and Communication Infrastructures Proposition 4 Information and Communication Infrastructures as Software Infrastructures

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures The Business Perspective The Systems‘s Perspective The Engineering Perspective Cost/Benefit Continuous Software Engineering Processes Continuous Software Engineering Software Infrastructure Characteristics Software Infrastructure Engineereing Continuous Software Engineering Life Cycle

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Information and

Communication

Infrastructure

Information and

Communication

Information and Infrastructure

Communication

Infrastructure ISST

Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

What is an Infrastructure?

A substructure or (an) underlying foundation esp. the basic installations and facilities on which the continuance and growth of a community, state etc. depends (Webster‘s New World Dictionary Third College Edition 1991).

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Proposition O

Radical changes are taking place in the way information and communication affects people, businesses and public organisations.

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

New Business Challenges

• Global Markets/Global Sourcing of Products and Services • Time to Market/Shortened Life Cycles for Products and Services • Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures for Improved Business Processes

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures

• Local and Global Communication Capabilities • Locally and Globally Accessible Computing Resources • Locally and Globally Accessible Information Sources

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures

• Broad Spectrum of Computer Capabilities from ASICS to Mainframes • Broad Spectrum of Software Capabilities from Games to Complex Business Solutions • Broad Spectrum of Integration Capabilities from Graphical User Interfaces to Complex Middleware Systems

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructure

• Globally accepted communication standards as TCP/IP, EUROISDN, http, X.400, X.500 • Globally accepted software standards like SQL, HTML, Java

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures

• Higher Storage Capacity • Higher Computational Performance • Higher Transmission Rates

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

The World of Change Re-Vitalization of IS-Solutions Down Sizing/Right Sizing Re-Invention of IS-Solutions Business Process Re-Engineering Renovation of IS-Solutions Software Re-Engineering Flexibilization of IS-Solutions Software Components Flexibilization of Business Processes Adaptive Process Management

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The World of Innovation

• • • • •

Advances in Business Communication – Intranet/Extranet Advances in Electronic Commerce – Point of Information/Sale/Service Advances in Online Information Services – Metabases, Search Engines, Agents Advances in Production Technology – Robots, Monitoring and Control, Logistics Intelligent Products – Cars, Buildings, Airplanes

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Proposition 1

Information and Communication Systems assume the role of an infrastructure.

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Information and Communication Infrastructure for eCommerce Consumer-to-Business Services

Business partner 1

WWW

Service Provider

Kiosk

Internet/ Intranet

Service and Content Integration

Internet/ Extranet

Internet/ Extranet Business partner n

Service Portfolio CD-ROM Business-TV *** Mobile Frontends

Product catalogue

Business-to-Business

* * *

Services

Product catalogue

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

TELIS System Model

Customer POI/POS

Service request and provision System status information Update of service offers

Network Art Designer

Service Provider

System Operator

MediaWorkplace

ServiceCenter

Administration Center

Negotiation of the presentation of services

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

ADIA/Adecco Job Shop Infrastructure Provider Administration Center

150 Job Shops

Branch Office

WAN 50 Locations

WAN

http://www.adia.de

WWW

Headquarter, Hamburg Service Center, Central Disposition

Branch Office

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

TELIS Reference Model Customer

Employee

Employee Designer

Service request/ Service provision

Processing of services

Service center

POI/ POS

Presen tation Commu nication Data

Coordination of presentation

Application and operational data

Backoffice environ ment

Service data

Data transmission

Agency

Backoffice environ ment

Presentation

Data transmission Video conference

Video conference

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Multimedia design environ ment

The SAP 3/R Information and Communication Infrastructure

SD

FI CO

MM

R/3Client/Server ABAP/4

PP QM PM

AM PS WF

IS

HR

FI CO AM PS WF IS HR PM QM PP MM SD

Finance Controlling Facility Management Project Management Workflow Branch Solutions Personnal Maintenance Quality Management Production Planning Materials Management Sales

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

What are Information and Communication Infrastructures? From a Business Point of View: • Integrated Commercial Application Systems (e.g. SAP, BAAN, etc.) • Disposition, Decision Support Systems, Executive Information Systems • Office Communication, Word Processing, Desk Top Publishing Systems, and Document Management Systems • Routing and Guidance Systems • E-Commerce Systems • Information Storage and Retrieval Systems • Communication Systems • Integrated Manufacturing Systems • Engineering Tools and Support Systems • Monitoring and Control Systems etc.

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

What are Information and Communication Infrastructures?

From a Systems Point of View:

• • • • • •

Application Systems User Interface Systems Operating Systems Database Management Systems Communication Systems Tools and Utilities

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

What are Information and Communication Infrastructures? From an Engineering Point of View:

Gradually Developed through Integration of Independently Developed Subsystems around a Common Base

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Information and Communication Infrastructures

SS1

SS12 SS11

SS2

SS10

SS3

Common Base

SS4 SS5

SS6

SS9 SS8

SS7

SSk Subsystem k

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Business Point of View:

Information and Communication Infrastructures represent substantial investments. Their planning, development, maintenance and use is governed to ensure the protection of the investment. They hence become long living.

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Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Functional Point of View: Providing Interworking as the co-ordinated computer supported communication of people Providing Interoperation as the co-ordinated communication between software systems Providing Interconnection as the co-ordinated communication between computers

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Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Systems Point of View: Providing Presentation Integration over a Common (Graphical) User Interface Providing Process Integration over a Common Business Process Model Providing Data Integration over a Common Data Repository Providing Control Integration over a Common Communication System

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From an Engineering Point of View:

Information and Communication Infrastructures are built • through the amalgamation/integration of autonomeous subsystems They can only be changed • gradually through the replacement/integration of subsystems

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Properties on Information and Communication Infrastructures From an Engineering Point of View Information and Communication Infrastructures •



represent a number of base systems to enable the interconnection of computers, the interoperation of systems and the interworking of people represent a (temporarily) invariant framework of (standard) platforms, interfaces and protocols with slots for the attachment of components and systems as functional units (e.g. a software bus like a ORB)

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Proposition 2

Information and Communication Infrastructures are a moving target

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Change Business Re-engineering

R/3 Reference Model

s g es in in eer s Bu gin En

C M han an g ag e em en

t

R/3Client/Server ABAP/4

Operational System

De

Business Model

ng

izi

pl

oy m

st

Cu

en

t

Customized System

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

om

Continuous

Software

Engingeering

Continuous

Software

Continuous Engingeering

Software

Engingeering ISST

Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering: The Driving Forces Business Process Management

Cost Reduction

Running Systems

Technology Changes

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Standard Systems

Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To keep Information and Communication Infrastructures •

adequate with respect to their business function



up-to-date with respect to their technology base



reliable for their continuous functioning



robust against their unintended use

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To improve Information and Communication Infrastructures with respect to • functionality improving existing functionalities to better satisfy user demands • costs reducing costs through changes in hardware and communication technology, through software replacements (e.g. with standard products), through changed use patterns, through changed load patterns, etc. • quality increasing reliability, dependability, availabilty, etc. • performance increasing throughout, reducing response times, increasing transmission rates, etc

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To expand Information and Communication Infrastructures to

• • • •

support expanded business relationships for virtual enterprizes (e.g. expanded networking) serve more users (e.g. additional access capabilities) serve new users (e.g. new functionalities) serve users better (e.g. additional functionalities)

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective

To reorganize Information and Communication Infrastructures •

to live up to business reorganizations

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering

increase in effort to reorganize

to enlarge to improve to keep increase in ambition

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering: Systems Perspective

Changes to Software Infrastructures through changes of

• • • •

user interfaces/user dialogs functional building blocks data management functions communication capabilities

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering: Engineering Perspective

Planning Change to avoid expensive trouble shooting Enabling Change through proper managerial and technical provisions Goal Directed Change to meet business and technical requirements Controlling Change to enable continuous functioning eg. modification „on the fly“

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering Conjecture

Conflicting Objectives

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Proposition 3

The engineering of an Information and Communication Infrastructure depends on the existence of a proper reference framework.

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

ESF CoRe - Enterprise Context

Organisation (People)

Customers

Suppliers Support Environment (Machines)

Enterprise

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ESF Conceptual Reference Model (ESF CoRe)

InterWorking InterAction System

InterAction output InterOperation

InterFunction

input

System InterFunction

InterConnection

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Proposition 4

Information and Communication Infrastructures are software determined hence Information and Communication Infrastructures are essentially software infrastructures

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Software Infrastructure Engineering

built • by providing the glue (e.g. a framework) for the integration of existing/newly developed subsystems • by integrating existing/newly developed subsystems (e.g. a posteriori integration) maintained • through the removal of bugs and defects • through the porting to new operating environments

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Software Infrastructure Engineering changed • through the adaption of subsystems and components to new requirements • through the re(vers)engineering of subsystems • through change of its architecture within the limits of architecture invariants renovated • through partial removals, renewals of subsystems and components • through changes of its architecture invariants and its migration to a renewed architecture

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Software Infrastructure Engineering renovate

change

maintain

build

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Software Infrastructure Engineering

build

maintain

change renovate

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Software Engineering/Life Cycle RE-ENGINEERING R E V E R S E

Specification and Models

Re-Specification

Reverse-Specification Architectures and Designs

Specification and Models Construction

Re-Design

Reverse-Construction

Architectures and Designs Programming

F O R W A R D

Re-Programming Code

Code Running Software

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Software Infrastructures Characteristics Hardware Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures run on a number of different but interconnected computing devices. Platform Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures encompass a number of different - but communicating - software platforms like operating systems, middelware systems, etc. Datamanagement Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures encompass a number of different - but interoperating - datamanagement systems.

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Software Infrastructures Characteristics

Programming Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures are built of subsystems programmed in different programming languages. Tool Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures are built with the aid of different - only seldomly interoperating - tools and development environments.

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Documentation

Models and Spezifications

Architectures and Designs

V1 "

V1 ’

Code V1

V2 "

V2 ’

V2

V3 "

...

V3 ’

... in Versions and Variants

V3

Running Systems

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

...

Tools and Environments

Software Infrastructure: Objects of Interest

Continuous Software Engineering: Objects of Interest

Specifications and Models Information models, process models, functional models, dialog models etc. and mappings onto Architectures and Designs Components, subsystems, systems interfaces, platforms, protocols, static structures, dynamic structures and mappings onto Code Control flow, data flow, side effects, data dependencies etc. and mappings onto an Operating Environment

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Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks Reverse Engineering: Understanding Systems (Analyses) Code Analyses: Code alignment e.g. removal of dead code etc. Reverse Construction: Extracting designs and architectures from available programs Reverse Specification: Extracting specifications and models from available code and designs/architectures

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Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks

Foreward Engineering: Building Systems (Synthesis) Specification: Developing models based on domain competence Construction: Developing designs/architectures based on specifications and models Programming: Developing programs based on specifications/models and designs/architectures

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Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks Re-Engineering: Modifying Systems Re-Programming: Defining changes and change processes for programs to meet new requirements Re-Design: Defining changes and chage processes for designs/ architectures to meet new requirements Re-Specification: Defining changes and change processes for specifications and models

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Continuous Software Engineering: Support

Change Management providing for the proper processes of change in their building, maintaining, change and renovation Configuration Management providing for the proper management of variants and versions System Management providing for the proper management of its operation

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Continuous Software Engineering Build-Approaches •





interworking integration integration of process fragments integration of process engines interoperation integrationdata integration data base integration transactional integration web-based integration move-based integration??? etc. interconnection integration standard protocols for open networks integration of standard and proprietary networks integrated services

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Continuous Software Engineering

Maintenance Approaches huge number, not to be named here

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Software Engineering

Change Approaches • •

Program Analysis and Restructuring »GUI-fiction« (face lifting)

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Software Engineering

Renovation Approaches • • •

»Objectification« of monolithic systems middleware driven re-structuring process driven architectures

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Software Engineering

Renovation Approaches • • •

Complete Renovation Incremental Renovation Continuous Renovation

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Software Engineering: Issues

• • • • • • • •

Continuous Engineering versus Maintenance, Change Management, Evolution, Migration, Porting, etc. Terminology, Glossary Principles, Fundamentals Methods and Tools Lessons learned from the Y2k and Euro projects Industrial Demands/Industrial Acceptance Costs/Benefits building, maintenance, change, renovation approaches

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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik

Continuous Engineering: Cost/Benefit

Cost/Benefit in Business Process Adaption versus Information and Communication Infrastructure Adaption

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Continuous Engineering: Costs

• • • • •

Building Costs Maintenance Costs Change Costs Renovation Costs Operating Costs

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Continuous Engineering: Benefit

• •

Personal Productivity Infrastructure Productivity

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