structures for Improved Business Pro- cesses. Fraunhofer. Institut. Software- und. ISST. Systemtechnik. Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures.
Info-Folie Titel:
Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures
Referent: Bemerkungen:
Herbert Weber March 1998
Filename:
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures
Herbert Weber Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering March 1998
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements
Proposition 0 on trends and perspectives in business data processing
Proposition 1 Information and Communication Systems as an infra structure
Proposition 2 Information and Communication Infrastructures as a moving target
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements
Proposition 3 Reference framework for Information and Communication Infrastructures Proposition 4 Information and Communication Infrastructures as Software Infrastructures
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures The Business Perspective The Systems‘s Perspective The Engineering Perspective Cost/Benefit Continuous Software Engineering Processes Continuous Software Engineering Software Infrastructure Characteristics Software Infrastructure Engineereing Continuous Software Engineering Life Cycle
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Information and
Communication
Infrastructure
Information and
Communication
Information and Infrastructure
Communication
Infrastructure ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
What is an Infrastructure?
A substructure or (an) underlying foundation esp. the basic installations and facilities on which the continuance and growth of a community, state etc. depends (Webster‘s New World Dictionary Third College Edition 1991).
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Proposition O
Radical changes are taking place in the way information and communication affects people, businesses and public organisations.
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
New Business Challenges
• Global Markets/Global Sourcing of Products and Services • Time to Market/Shortened Life Cycles for Products and Services • Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures for Improved Business Processes
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures
• Local and Global Communication Capabilities • Locally and Globally Accessible Computing Resources • Locally and Globally Accessible Information Sources
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures
• Broad Spectrum of Computer Capabilities from ASICS to Mainframes • Broad Spectrum of Software Capabilities from Games to Complex Business Solutions • Broad Spectrum of Integration Capabilities from Graphical User Interfaces to Complex Middleware Systems
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructure
• Globally accepted communication standards as TCP/IP, EUROISDN, http, X.400, X.500 • Globally accepted software standards like SQL, HTML, Java
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures
• Higher Storage Capacity • Higher Computational Performance • Higher Transmission Rates
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
The World of Change Re-Vitalization of IS-Solutions Down Sizing/Right Sizing Re-Invention of IS-Solutions Business Process Re-Engineering Renovation of IS-Solutions Software Re-Engineering Flexibilization of IS-Solutions Software Components Flexibilization of Business Processes Adaptive Process Management
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
The World of Innovation
• • • • •
Advances in Business Communication – Intranet/Extranet Advances in Electronic Commerce – Point of Information/Sale/Service Advances in Online Information Services – Metabases, Search Engines, Agents Advances in Production Technology – Robots, Monitoring and Control, Logistics Intelligent Products – Cars, Buildings, Airplanes
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Proposition 1
Information and Communication Systems assume the role of an infrastructure.
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Information and Communication Infrastructure for eCommerce Consumer-to-Business Services
Business partner 1
WWW
Service Provider
Kiosk
Internet/ Intranet
Service and Content Integration
Internet/ Extranet
Internet/ Extranet Business partner n
Service Portfolio CD-ROM Business-TV *** Mobile Frontends
Product catalogue
Business-to-Business
* * *
Services
Product catalogue
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
TELIS System Model
Customer POI/POS
Service request and provision System status information Update of service offers
Network Art Designer
Service Provider
System Operator
MediaWorkplace
ServiceCenter
Administration Center
Negotiation of the presentation of services
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
ADIA/Adecco Job Shop Infrastructure Provider Administration Center
150 Job Shops
Branch Office
WAN 50 Locations
WAN
http://www.adia.de
WWW
Headquarter, Hamburg Service Center, Central Disposition
Branch Office
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
TELIS Reference Model Customer
Employee
Employee Designer
Service request/ Service provision
Processing of services
Service center
POI/ POS
Presen tation Commu nication Data
Coordination of presentation
Application and operational data
Backoffice environ ment
Service data
Data transmission
Agency
Backoffice environ ment
Presentation
Data transmission Video conference
Video conference
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Multimedia design environ ment
The SAP 3/R Information and Communication Infrastructure
SD
FI CO
MM
R/3Client/Server ABAP/4
PP QM PM
AM PS WF
IS
HR
FI CO AM PS WF IS HR PM QM PP MM SD
Finance Controlling Facility Management Project Management Workflow Branch Solutions Personnal Maintenance Quality Management Production Planning Materials Management Sales
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
What are Information and Communication Infrastructures? From a Business Point of View: • Integrated Commercial Application Systems (e.g. SAP, BAAN, etc.) • Disposition, Decision Support Systems, Executive Information Systems • Office Communication, Word Processing, Desk Top Publishing Systems, and Document Management Systems • Routing and Guidance Systems • E-Commerce Systems • Information Storage and Retrieval Systems • Communication Systems • Integrated Manufacturing Systems • Engineering Tools and Support Systems • Monitoring and Control Systems etc.
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
What are Information and Communication Infrastructures?
From a Systems Point of View:
• • • • • •
Application Systems User Interface Systems Operating Systems Database Management Systems Communication Systems Tools and Utilities
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
What are Information and Communication Infrastructures? From an Engineering Point of View:
Gradually Developed through Integration of Independently Developed Subsystems around a Common Base
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Information and Communication Infrastructures
SS1
SS12 SS11
SS2
SS10
SS3
Common Base
SS4 SS5
SS6
SS9 SS8
SS7
SSk Subsystem k
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Business Point of View:
Information and Communication Infrastructures represent substantial investments. Their planning, development, maintenance and use is governed to ensure the protection of the investment. They hence become long living.
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Functional Point of View: Providing Interworking as the co-ordinated computer supported communication of people Providing Interoperation as the co-ordinated communication between software systems Providing Interconnection as the co-ordinated communication between computers
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Systems Point of View: Providing Presentation Integration over a Common (Graphical) User Interface Providing Process Integration over a Common Business Process Model Providing Data Integration over a Common Data Repository Providing Control Integration over a Common Communication System
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From an Engineering Point of View:
Information and Communication Infrastructures are built • through the amalgamation/integration of autonomeous subsystems They can only be changed • gradually through the replacement/integration of subsystems
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Properties on Information and Communication Infrastructures From an Engineering Point of View Information and Communication Infrastructures •
•
represent a number of base systems to enable the interconnection of computers, the interoperation of systems and the interworking of people represent a (temporarily) invariant framework of (standard) platforms, interfaces and protocols with slots for the attachment of components and systems as functional units (e.g. a software bus like a ORB)
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Proposition 2
Information and Communication Infrastructures are a moving target
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Change Business Re-engineering
R/3 Reference Model
s g es in in eer s Bu gin En
C M han an g ag e em en
t
R/3Client/Server ABAP/4
Operational System
De
Business Model
ng
izi
pl
oy m
st
Cu
en
t
Customized System
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
om
Continuous
Software
Engingeering
Continuous
Software
Continuous Engingeering
Software
Engingeering ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: The Driving Forces Business Process Management
Cost Reduction
Running Systems
Technology Changes
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Standard Systems
Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To keep Information and Communication Infrastructures •
adequate with respect to their business function
•
up-to-date with respect to their technology base
•
reliable for their continuous functioning
•
robust against their unintended use
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To improve Information and Communication Infrastructures with respect to • functionality improving existing functionalities to better satisfy user demands • costs reducing costs through changes in hardware and communication technology, through software replacements (e.g. with standard products), through changed use patterns, through changed load patterns, etc. • quality increasing reliability, dependability, availabilty, etc. • performance increasing throughout, reducing response times, increasing transmission rates, etc
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To expand Information and Communication Infrastructures to
• • • •
support expanded business relationships for virtual enterprizes (e.g. expanded networking) serve more users (e.g. additional access capabilities) serve new users (e.g. new functionalities) serve users better (e.g. additional functionalities)
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective
To reorganize Information and Communication Infrastructures •
to live up to business reorganizations
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering
increase in effort to reorganize
to enlarge to improve to keep increase in ambition
ISST
Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Systems Perspective
Changes to Software Infrastructures through changes of
• • • •
user interfaces/user dialogs functional building blocks data management functions communication capabilities
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Engineering Perspective
Planning Change to avoid expensive trouble shooting Enabling Change through proper managerial and technical provisions Goal Directed Change to meet business and technical requirements Controlling Change to enable continuous functioning eg. modification „on the fly“
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering Conjecture
Conflicting Objectives
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Proposition 3
The engineering of an Information and Communication Infrastructure depends on the existence of a proper reference framework.
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
ESF CoRe - Enterprise Context
Organisation (People)
Customers
Suppliers Support Environment (Machines)
Enterprise
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
ESF Conceptual Reference Model (ESF CoRe)
InterWorking InterAction System
InterAction output InterOperation
InterFunction
input
System InterFunction
InterConnection
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Proposition 4
Information and Communication Infrastructures are software determined hence Information and Communication Infrastructures are essentially software infrastructures
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Software Infrastructure Engineering
built • by providing the glue (e.g. a framework) for the integration of existing/newly developed subsystems • by integrating existing/newly developed subsystems (e.g. a posteriori integration) maintained • through the removal of bugs and defects • through the porting to new operating environments
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Software Infrastructure Engineering changed • through the adaption of subsystems and components to new requirements • through the re(vers)engineering of subsystems • through change of its architecture within the limits of architecture invariants renovated • through partial removals, renewals of subsystems and components • through changes of its architecture invariants and its migration to a renewed architecture
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Software Infrastructure Engineering renovate
change
maintain
build
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Software Infrastructure Engineering
build
maintain
change renovate
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering/Life Cycle RE-ENGINEERING R E V E R S E
Specification and Models
Re-Specification
Reverse-Specification Architectures and Designs
Specification and Models Construction
Re-Design
Reverse-Construction
Architectures and Designs Programming
F O R W A R D
Re-Programming Code
Code Running Software
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Software Infrastructures Characteristics Hardware Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures run on a number of different but interconnected computing devices. Platform Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures encompass a number of different - but communicating - software platforms like operating systems, middelware systems, etc. Datamanagement Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures encompass a number of different - but interoperating - datamanagement systems.
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Software Infrastructures Characteristics
Programming Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures are built of subsystems programmed in different programming languages. Tool Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures are built with the aid of different - only seldomly interoperating - tools and development environments.
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Documentation
Models and Spezifications
Architectures and Designs
V1 "
V1 ’
Code V1
V2 "
V2 ’
V2
V3 "
...
V3 ’
... in Versions and Variants
V3
Running Systems
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
...
Tools and Environments
Software Infrastructure: Objects of Interest
Continuous Software Engineering: Objects of Interest
Specifications and Models Information models, process models, functional models, dialog models etc. and mappings onto Architectures and Designs Components, subsystems, systems interfaces, platforms, protocols, static structures, dynamic structures and mappings onto Code Control flow, data flow, side effects, data dependencies etc. and mappings onto an Operating Environment
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks Reverse Engineering: Understanding Systems (Analyses) Code Analyses: Code alignment e.g. removal of dead code etc. Reverse Construction: Extracting designs and architectures from available programs Reverse Specification: Extracting specifications and models from available code and designs/architectures
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks
Foreward Engineering: Building Systems (Synthesis) Specification: Developing models based on domain competence Construction: Developing designs/architectures based on specifications and models Programming: Developing programs based on specifications/models and designs/architectures
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks Re-Engineering: Modifying Systems Re-Programming: Defining changes and change processes for programs to meet new requirements Re-Design: Defining changes and chage processes for designs/ architectures to meet new requirements Re-Specification: Defining changes and change processes for specifications and models
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering: Support
Change Management providing for the proper processes of change in their building, maintaining, change and renovation Configuration Management providing for the proper management of variants and versions System Management providing for the proper management of its operation
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering Build-Approaches •
•
•
interworking integration integration of process fragments integration of process engines interoperation integrationdata integration data base integration transactional integration web-based integration move-based integration??? etc. interconnection integration standard protocols for open networks integration of standard and proprietary networks integrated services
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering
Maintenance Approaches huge number, not to be named here
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering
Change Approaches • •
Program Analysis and Restructuring »GUI-fiction« (face lifting)
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering
Renovation Approaches • • •
»Objectification« of monolithic systems middleware driven re-structuring process driven architectures
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering
Renovation Approaches • • •
Complete Renovation Incremental Renovation Continuous Renovation
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Software Engineering: Issues
• • • • • • • •
Continuous Engineering versus Maintenance, Change Management, Evolution, Migration, Porting, etc. Terminology, Glossary Principles, Fundamentals Methods and Tools Lessons learned from the Y2k and Euro projects Industrial Demands/Industrial Acceptance Costs/Benefits building, maintenance, change, renovation approaches
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Cost/Benefit
Cost/Benefit in Business Process Adaption versus Information and Communication Infrastructure Adaption
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Costs
• • • • •
Building Costs Maintenance Costs Change Costs Renovation Costs Operating Costs
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik
Continuous Engineering: Benefit
• •
Personal Productivity Infrastructure Productivity
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Fraunhofer Institut Software- und Systemtechnik