BioMedical Intelligence Security Home Network- ATM/IP CATV Network Rudolf Volner, PhD., MUDr. Lubomír Poušek Institute for BioMedical Engineering, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6 Czech Technical University in Prague, E-Mail:
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Abstract The term security network intelligence is widely used in the field of communication security network. A number of new and potentially concepts and products based on the concept of security network intelligence have been introduced, including smart flows, intelligent routing, and intelligent web switching. Many intelligent systems focus on a specific security service, function, or device, and do not provide true end-to-end service network intelligence. True security network intelligence requires more than a set of disconnected elements, it requires an interconnecting and functionally coupled architecture that enables the various functional levels to interact and communicate with each other. The article describes information network and CATV applications, backbone network structure. Cable is a natural network for carrying high-capacity, bandwidth intense information. In the age of analogue program signals, cable’s capacity was a natural transmission media for broadcast colour TV and high-fidelity stereo sound programs. In the new digital program signal age, cable’s high capacity is a natural network for carrying interactive computer-based, data - intensive multimedia programs.
1. Introduction The study of security network intelligence is an extremely active area in the field of communications. Thanks to the latest advances in data communications – especially in the services sector and in the communications software, photonics, and programmable technologies areas – service providers are spending millions of dollars a year on an increasingly intelligent communication infrastructure and applications. Research in the areas of learning automata, intelligent agents technologies, intelligent data-mining, knowledge discovery, data-driven task sequencing, intelligent databases, wire-speed real-time databases, virtual modelling, and sophisticated communication network modelling has provided insights into intelligent
computing processes. Significant progress has been made in rule-based reasoning, planning, and problem solving. Future generation networking will be characterized by the need to adapt to the demands of agile networking, which include rapid response to changing customer requirements, automated design and engineering, lowercost services, transparent distributed networking, resource allocation on demand, real-time planning and scheduling, increased quality, reduced tolerance for error, and in-process measurement and feedback. Future networking systems will require automated intelligent networking features that apply intelligence to the domain of networking in such a way as to make possible the realization of a full range of agile and adaptable networks. Cable operators will have to face the commercial and operational strategy for: • Building out or upgrading to bi-directional (two way) networks, • Offering voice telephony to residential and business consumers, • Offering multi-channel digital television, • Video-on-demand, • Home shopping, • Home banking, • Residential and business telephony, • High-speed Internet, • Home security. The distributed interactive information system can be structured in a hierarchical way for system scalability and evolution. It can start from an initial two level system with a central information server and several local information servers to a system with as many levels of the hierarchy as needed. The number of levels needed depends on the network size, network costs, and network performance requirements. The CATV interactive system can be structured in a hierarchical way for system scalability and evolution Figure 1. It can start from an initial two-level system with a central video server and several local video servers to a system with as many levels of the hierarchy as needed. The number of levels needed depends on the network size, network costs and network performance
requirements. Compared with the centralized video system, the distributed CATV video server may have a lower average network connection cost an higher system reliability, but at the expense of a significant amount of local storage systems needed. Residential broadband access network technology based on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) will soon reach commercial availability. The capabilities provided by ATM access network promise integrated services bandwidth available in excess of those provided by traditional networks. Other services such as desktop video teleconferencing and enhanced server-based application support can be added as part of future evolution of the network. Current lifestyle has led mankind to a crossroad. Quo vadis? We talk more and more about so-called quality of life and about conditions necessary to its realization. We have to be aware of two different levels. A philosophicalethical level and technical level. We will deal with a technical level and suggest possible directions of progress in this field. We will also point out a satisfaction of needs and especially technique necessary for realization of such solution. What conditions does a man actually need for a worthy life and self-fulfillment? Basic conditions could be divided into - Figure 2: communication possibility, • Self-fulfillment: information acquisition, and access to education…, • Living conditions provision: telemetry, health protection, and control of life functions, alarm creation, safety services…, • Transmission system: o Internal biosystem with transmission provision, o External transmission system which enables connection of internal biosystem to a higher level of the transmission system.
2. Definition of Network Intelligence Intelligent security and communication networks must at least be able to understand the security and communication environment, to make decisions, and to use and manage network resources efficiently. More sophisticated levels of security network intelligence include the ability to recognize user, application, service provider, and infrastructure needs, as well as expected and unexpected events, the ability to present knowledge in a world model, and the ability to reason about and plan for the future. For the purposes on this paper, CSNI is defined as the ability of a network system to act appropriately in a changing environment. An appropriate action is one that increases the optimal and efficient use of network resources in delivering high-quality services, success is the achievement of behavioral sub-goals that support the
service provider’s overall goals. Both the criteria for success and the service provider’s overall goals are defined external to the intelligent security network system. Typically, they are defined by the service provider’s business objectives and are implemented by network designers, programmers, and operators. CSNI is the integration of knowledge and feedback into an input and output-based, interactive, goal-directed, security, networked system that can plan and generate effective, purposeful action directed toward achieving goals. Network intelligence will evolve through growth in computational power and through the accumulation of knowledge about the types of input data needed for making decisions concerning expected response, and about the algorithmic processing required in a complex and changing communications environment. Increasingly sophisticated network intelligence makes possible lookahead planning, management before responding and reasoning about the probable results of alternative actions. These intelligent network capabilities can provide service providers with competitive and operational advantages over traditional networks. The intelligent sub-layers: • End-User Layer, • Application Layer, • Subscriber Layer, • Service Provider Layer, • Programmable Technology and Control Layer, • Infrastructure Provider Layer, • Network Management Layer.
3. Entities in the Security and Communications model The security and communications model contains information about stored network entities. The knowledge database contains a list of all the entities that the intelligent network system knows about. A subset of this list is the set of current entities known to be present in any given situation. A subset of the list current entities is the set of entities-of-attention on locality of reference properties. There are two types entities: • generic, • specific. A generic entity is an example of a class of entities. A generic entity structure contains the attributes of its class. A specific entity is a particular instance of an entity. A specific entity structure inherits the attributes of the class to which it belongs. An example of an entity structure, communications events, Communication task are shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table3.
4. Design Home BioMedical CATV Network
distribution nodes can be created too. Secondary and tercial networks have star form, however in the future, more nodes or terminal users.
Interactive network CATV consists of network nodes and terminal devices, which are connected hierarchically among them. Control nodes are connected to incomplete lattice network and so the primary network is created. Every control node serves set of distribution nodes, which are connected to star and they create secondary network. For each distribution node, several terminal devices are connected to it, and they create tercial network. The whole CATV network could form an access network to some larger network and transmissions will be possible to other networks and standards. Network services are communication (audio connection, video connection, conference, ...), distribution (audio distribution, video distribution, ...) and special (remote watching, remote measurement, remote alarm or signalization, ...). Next important classification is according to that is the service provided by: • Directly by terminal device (e.g. time services, alarm clock, appliance control, measurements providing, ...). Services like those are not just network services, but it deals with use machine intelligence of terminal device, it depends on terminal device software. • By superior distribution node (e.g. user communication in frame of distribution node, videoconnection, audioconnection, conferen-ce, data transfers and likewise). • By superior control node (e.g. videoprogram distribution, which are situated in databases of superior control node). It needs to focus this services category to interactive CATV design. These services require much more means for application, than previous two categories, software and hardware, and it will be shown in price. • By another control node, that mediates its services to respective superior control node by network (e.g. video distribution, that aren’t in databases of superior control node). • Service application beside CATV network (e.g. communication services beside area covered by CATV, Internet services and likewise). This service category use CATV as only transmission means, using its lines. Terminal device is the lowest hierarchical element in network. The idea of terminal device is that it deals with a system, that will provide separation of distributed services to household appliance (television set, projector, hi-fi amplifier and likewise) and data collection for sending to superior (rooms temperature, water, gas or energy consumption, ...). In the Figure 1 and Figure 3, there is shown only simple basic structure, relay cross connections between
5. Proposal of BioMedical CATV Net-work When a new CATV network system is designed, different alternative offering the same functionality have to be compared with respect to performance, reliability, robustness, hardware and software complexity, etc. Interactive communication requires bi-directional transmission. There are several methods by which bidirectional transmission on optical fibres can be realised. The final choice depends on the required upstream and downstream bit rate, network structure and for PON systems also on multiple access method. Cable operators can deploy ATM systems as part of an evolutionary path to a fully integrated multimedia bearer service offering. ATM is chosen as data-link protocol. The selection of ATM for proposed network has the advantage in that it provides a suitable integrated multiplexing platform capable of supporting a mix of guaranteed (predictive) traffic flows with best-effort (reactive) traffic flows. In addition, the nature of ATM allows other multimedia applications to be added in the future without requiring iterative changes to the basic ATM protocol.
6. Conclusion Because of the way network technology is being developed today, it is difficult to know-before it is deployed-if an end-to-end setup of networking devices will really be beneficial in the field. One reason for the difficulty is that the behavior of the network layers is not well understood and is still evolving, another is the rapid growth in the number of applications on the network. A variety of technology trends have made it possible to incorporate computational capability in all network devices. Unfortunately, although shrinking technology has made networking devices smart, it has not always improved their usability. There will probably be many new businesses, such as edutainment and video-on-demand, if the multimedia industries take off as expected. The CATV biomedical architecture distinguishes between specific biomedical mechanisms and CATV system mechanisms. Security of all system and network management functions and the communication of all management information is important. Furthermore, the way we do business will greatly change. Distance learning, work at home, and remote diagnosis and treatment will become commonplace. Finally the importance of global collaboration in the
research and development of multimedia technologies and applications, in the establishment of multimedia standards, and in the construction of a global multimedia network should be stressed. This paper and research has been supported by MSMT grant No. CEZ: J04/98:210000012
7. References [1] Volner, R., : CATV – “Interactive Security and Communication System”, 34th Annual 2000 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, October 2000 Ottawa, Canada, pp. 124-136 , IEEE Catalog Number 00CH37083, ISBN 0-7803-5965-8, [2] Volner, R., : “Home security system and CATV”, 35th Annual 2001 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, october 2001 London, England, pp. 293 – 306 IEEE Catalog Number 01CH37186 , ISBN 0-7803-6636-0,
[3] Volner, R., : “CATV Architecture for Security”, 36th Annual 2002 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, october 2002, Atlantic City, New Jersey, USA, pp. 209 – 215, IEEE Catalog Number 02CH37348 , ISBN 0-78037436-3, [4] Volner, R., Boreš, P., Tichá, D.:”CATV - architecture and simulation network”, The 6th Biennial Conference on Electronics and Microsystems Technology BEC 98, Tallinn, Estonia, October 1998, pp. 211 - 214 [5] Boreš, P.: “Development Aspects of Information and Telecommunication Technology”. In: Informačné a komunikačné technológie pre všetkých. Bratislava Slovenská elektrotechnická spoločnosť, 2002, vol. 1, p. 22-26. ISBN 80968564-6-4. (in Czech). [6] ATM Forum Technical Committee : “Traffic management specification version 4.0”, AFTM 0056.000, Apr. 1996 [7] Volner,R. et al.: “CATV In Multimedia Transmission Systems”, Electronic Horizont, Vol.55, Nov./ Dec. 1995 [8] ATM Forum Technical Committee: “User-network interface (UNI) specification version 3.1”, 1994 [9] ATM Forum technical committee: “Flow controlled connections proposal for ATM traffic management”, sept. 1994 [10] ATM Forum/95-0221R2: „Draft PNNI signaling“, 1995
Figure 1 – Basic BioMedical CATV System – Home Subsystem
Figure 2 - Cable Television – BioMedical Home System
Figure 3 - Basic BioMedical CATV System – Metro Subsystem
Entity name Kind Type Area Position Dynamics Path Geometry Links Properties Behavioral Performance Reliability Capabilities Interfaces Value state-variables Management Security
Name of entity Class Generic or specific Access, transport, routing, switching World/virtual map coordinates Mobile, fixed Sequence of position/routes Size, shape Sub-entities, parent entity Physical, logical, topology Protocols, standards, semantic Delay, loss, load characteristic Availability, fault-tolerance Bandwidth, range, configuration types, capacity Communication and control interfaces Success-failure, thresholds, class of service parameters Provisioning, administration, and configuration Access control lists, filters, quality of live Table 1 - Entity structure
Event Kind Type Modality State Time Interval Position Links Guard Transition Alarms Value
Name of event Class Generic or specific Voice, video, data,…. Simple, composite, pseudo, final When event detected Period over which event took place Map location where event occurred Sub-event, parent event Boolean expression attached to a transition Relationship between a start and final state Visual, message Benefit-cost, risk Table 2 - Communications events
Task name Type Actor Action Object Subject Goal Parameters
Name of the task Generic or specific Agent performing the task Activity to be performed Thing to be performed Thing to be acted upon Event that successfully terminates or renders the task successfully • priority • status (for example, active, halted, waiting, inactive) • timing requirements • source of task command • fro example, tools, time, resources, and events needed to perform the task • enabling conditions that must be satisfied to begin, or continue, the task • information that may be required • a plan for executing the task • functions that may be called • algorithms that may be needed • expected results of task execution • expected costs, risks, benefits • estimated time to complete Table 3 - Communication task
Requirements
Procedures
Effects
