International Journal of Livestock Research ISSN 2277 ... - eJManager

International Journal of Livestock Research

eISSN : 2277-1964 NAAS Score -5.36

Vol 7 (3) Mar’17

Original Research

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Zinc Combinations on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Buffalo Heifers M. Satyanarayana*, J. Narasimha, D. Nagalakshmi, T. Raghunandan and K. Sridhar Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad- 500030, INDIA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Rec. Date:

Jan 22, 2017 09:07

Accept Date:

Feb 26, 2017 09:16

Published Online:

March 02, 2017

DOI

10.5455/ijlr.20170226091624

Abstract An experiment was carried to study the effect of replacement of inorganic zinc with organic source on nutrient utilization and growth performance in buffalo heifers. Eighteen buffalo heifers (261.1±11.6 kg) were randomly divided in 3 groups of six animals each and were allotted to 3 dietary treatments, prepared by replacing the source of Zn supplementation (80 ppm) in concentrate mixture, i.e. Zn supplied from 100% ZnSO4 (100I–0O), 75% Zn from ZnSO 4 and 25% from Zn proteinate (75I-25O), and 50% Zn from each source (50I-50O). Replacement of inorganic Zn with organic source had no significant effect on heifers body weight gain, feed intake and digestibility of day matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and fibre fractions in all the dietary groups. Thus, it was concluded that growth performance and nutrient digestibility were comparable among three dietary treatments irrespective of zinc source. Key words: Buffalo Heifers, Inorganic Zn, Organic Zn, Nutrient Digestibilities, Growth Performance How to cite: Satyanarayana, M., Narasimha, J., Nagalakshmi, D., Raghunandan, T., & Sridhar, K. (2017). Effect of Organic and Inorganic Zinc Combinations on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Buffalo Heifers. International Journal of Livestock Research, 7(3), 135-141. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20170226091624

Introduction Zinc is an essential trace element for animals, being a component of more than 300 metallo-enzymes affecting growth, health and reproduction of the animals. The concentration of Zinc in livestock feeds and fodders is critically deficient in the state of Andhra Pradesh (Nagalakshmi et al., 2009) and most parts of

interfere with the absorption and availability of other minerals like copper (Spears, 1996). To overcome this problem, the concept of organic minerals was developed, in which minerals are chelated with organic

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requirement is common practice at field level. However over supplementation of one mineral may

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country (Alloway, 2008). Therefore to avoid Zn deficiency, supplementation of Zn beyond the



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source and relatively high bioavailable compared to inorganic minerals (Spears, 1996). Even though this concept was well established, it has not reached to the farmer level completely because cost of organic minerals has to be considered for economic livestock production. One of the viable approaches to economize the cost is replacing a portion of inorganic mineral supplement with organic source. Hence, the present study was carried out to study the effect of organic zinc (Zinc proteinate-Zn Prot) in combination with inorganic zinc (Zinc sulphate - ZnSO4 ) on performance and nutrient digestibility in buffalo heifers. Materials and Methods Eighteen Murrah buffalo heifers (24 to 30 months age) with average body weights of 261.1±11.6 kg were randomly divided in to three groups of six animals in each in completely randomized design and fed the experimental diets. All the experimental animals were housed in a well-ventilated animal house with the provision for individual feeding and watering. All the buffalo heifers were vaccinated and dewormed as per schedule. The concentrate mixture, prepared from the locally available feed ingredients (Table 1, 2 & 3) and para grass was offered to meet the nutrient requirements of buffalo heifers (ICAR, 1998). Table 1: Ingredient composition (%) of basal diet Ingredient Maize Soya bean meal Red gram husk Molasses Urea Lime stone powder Salt Mono calcium phosphate Trace mineral and vitamin premix1

Kg/100kg 50 21 14 9 2 2.13 1 0.787 0.35

1

Trace mineral premix provided (mg/kg diet): Iron, 41; manganese, 21; copper, 10; cobalt, 0.1; Iodine, 0.27; selenium, 0.3. Vitamin A, D and E were provided to supply 2927 IU; 1097 IU and 39 IU per kg diet, respectively

Three experimental diets were formulated by replacing 100% (80 ppm) inorganic (ZnSO4 ) Zn supplementation in the concentrate mixture, with organic Zn @ 25 or 50%. The experimental diets include 80 ppm Zn supplied from 100% ZnSO 4 (100I-0O), 75% Zn from ZnSO4 and 25% from ZnProt (75I-25O), and 50% from ZnSO 4 and 50 % as ZnProt (50I-50O). Experiment was carried for a period of

according to body weight changes. All experimental animals were weighed at fortnight intervals. Representative samples of feed and faeces were collected and analyzed for proximate principles (AOAC, 1997) and fibre fractions (Vansoest et al., 1991). [email protected]

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digestibilities. Throughout the experimental duration feed intake was calculated every fortnightly interval

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90 days, at the end of the experiment 7 days digestibility trail was carried out to study the nutrient



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The data was subjected to statistical analysis by one way ANOVA as per the procedures of Snedecor and Cochran (1980). The differences between the means were tested for significance by using Duncan’s multiple range (Duncan, 1955) test. Results and Discussion The chemical composition of ingredients used in concentrate mixture and concentrate mixture were presented in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively. Table 2: Chemical composition (% DMB) of feed ingredients used in experimental diets Ingredient Maize Soya bean meal Red gram husk Molasses Para grass

CP 9.4 47.4 17.5 3.2 6.2

CF 3.38 9.85 31.41 40.45

EE 3.32 1.27 1.69 3.07

TA 2.55 9.81 21.49 12.26

Zn (ppm) 34.25 61.55 41.45 21.3 28.47

CP: Crude protein; CF: Crude fibre; EE: Ether extract; TA: Total ash

Table 3: Chemical composition (% DMB) of the concentrate mixture fed to buffalo heifers Constituent Dry matter Organic matter Crude protein Ether extract Crude fibre Nitrogen free extract Total ash Cell contents Neutral detergent fibre Acid detergent fibre Hemicellulose Cellulose Lignin Silica Zinc(mg/kg)

1001- 00 89.20 86.95 21.84 2.24 10.94 58.55 13.05 51.24 49.75 13.85 35.90 11.43 2.16 0.21 107.36

Zn Supplementation 751- 250 88.52 86.51 20.53 2.32 11.11 58.94 13.49 51.79 49.20 13.97 35.23 11.71 2.24 0.17 108.55

501- 500 88.14 86.39 20.33 2.36 10.52 57.41 13.61 53.48 46.52 13.31 33.21 11.49 1.89 0.14 108.62

I: Inorganic Zn source, O: Organic Zn source

The fortnightly body weights, total gain and ADG during the feeding trial was comparable (P>0.05)

either as ZnSO4 , ZnMet, or ZnProt and their combination (50 % of 20 ppm Zn from ZnSO 4 and remaining from the ZnProt) had no effect on weight gain (Wright and Spears, 2004). Arrayet et al. (2002) reported

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replacing inorganic Zn was reported by many workers. In Holstein calves, supplementing 20, or 500 ppm

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among the three groups (Table 4). No effect on body weights or ADG with supplementation of organic Zn


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that supplementing 60 ppm Zn as ZnSO 4, ZnMet, or ZnLys did not shown any significant affect on ADG in calves. Similarly, Zn supplementation at 35 ppm Zn through ZnSO 4 or ZnProp in crossbred cattle (Mandal et al., 2007), 200 ppm Zn as ZnSO 4 orZnMet in heifers (Huerta et al., 2002), 30 ppm Zn from ZnSO4 , Zn-AAC or Zn-psc in beef steers (Malcolm-Callis et al., 2000), 15, 30 or 45 ppm Zn from either ZnSO4 or ZnProt to BD in Nellore lambs (Nagalakshmi and Himabindhu, 2013) had no effect on body weights or daily weight gains. In contrast to present study Jia et al. (2009) observed beneficial effect (P