International Trade Statistics 2013 - World Trade Organization

1. 2. 3. 4.

Acknowledgements A message from the Director-General Understanding international trade statistics WTO members and observers Composition of geographical regions 5. Economies by size of merchandise trade 2012 Economies by size of trade in commercial services 2012 6. Abbreviations & symbols

2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS

11

I. World trade developments Key developments in 2012: a snapshot

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

12

Highlights List of tables 1. Overview 2. Trade by region 3. Leading traders 4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 5. Regional trade agreements 6. Least-developed countries 7. Foreign affiliates trade in services

18 19 20 24 28 35 39 43

II. Merchandise trade

II MERCHANDISE TRADE

Key developments in 2012: a snapshot

47 48

Highlights List of tables 1. Overview 2. Agricultural products 3. Fuels and mining products 4. Manufactures

57 59 64 75 80


III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES

133

III. Trade in commercial services 134

Highlights List of tables 1. Overview 2. Transportation services 3. Travel 4. Other commercial services

141 143 144 149 154

IV. Trade in global value chains

IV TRADE IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS


181 182

Highlights List of tables 1. Overview

188 189

Composition, definitions & methodology 1. 2. 3. 4.

Composition of geographical and economic groupings Definitions and methodology Specific notes for selected economies Statistical sources

World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2013

194 198 205 207

Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics

1

Acknowledgements This publication has been prepared under the direction of Hubert Escaith, Chief Statistician and Andreas Maurer, Chief, International Trade Statistics Section. The coordination and supervision of table, chart and map production of the report was done by Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, with the assistance of Emma Vestesson and Caterina Calzolari. Statistical research, data compilation and the preparation of estimates were conducted by Barbara d’Andrea-Adrian, Christophe Degain, Florian Eberth, Antonella Liberatore, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Yann Marcus, Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, Bekele Tamenu, and Ying Yan. Acknowledgements are due to the multilateral, national and private institutions for providing their statistics. The detailed statistical sources used in this report are presented in Chapter V. Metadata (Compositions, definitions and methodology). The International Trade Statistics Section also wishes to thank colleagues from the Information and External Relations Division (IERD) and the Languages Documentation and Information Management Division (LDIMD) whose collaboration is vital in the production of this report. In particular, recognition is due to Anthony Martin, Serge Marin-Pache, Steve Cooper, and to the French and Spanish translators for rendering the report in the WTO’s other official languages. Finally, we wish to thank the community of “International Trade Statistics” users for their suggestions and comments on previous editions. Their regular feed-back allows us to better provide them with relevant statistical data. This publication is also available online at www.wto.org/its2013 For more information on the contents of this report, comments or suggestions for improvement may be sent by email to the International Trade Statistics Section ([email protected]).

2



INTRODUCTION

A message from the Director-General Roberto Azevêdo

Policy makers depend on reliable statistics so that they can base their analysis on facts. This is just as true for trade policy as it is for other areas of policy-making. As part of the WTO’s commitment to increasing the usefulness of trade statistics, we have added to this year’s International Trade Statistics a new chapter on trade in global value chains. This new data allows the exact contribution of each country to international trade to be measured more precisely. The new chapter draws on the collaborative work of the WTO and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and in particular on the new OECD-WTO database on trade in value-added terms, which was launched earlier this year. The new data provides new perspectives on the role of trade in intermediate goods and services and recalculates bilateral trade balances according to the domestic content of each country’s exports. This progress in providing more accurate and analytical information results from coordinated efforts with a number of other international organizations, national agencies, business and academia. We are convinced that measuring trade in valueadded terms contributes significantly to the quality of trade-related information and we will make every effort to continue to expand this data. Our aim is to provide the most relevant statistical information to allow policy makers to address the economic challenges facing the international community both now and in the future.

“Our aim is to provide the most relevant statistical information to allow policy makers to address the economic challenges facing the international community both now and in the future.”

Another recent expansion in the WTO’s publication of trade data was the launch earlier this year of the Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (I-TIP). This new portal – available through the WTO website – provides up-to-date data on both tariff and non-tariff measures undertaken by WTO members. Containing information on over 25,000 trade-related policy measures, I-TIP covers measures affecting trade in goods and services as well as commitments in regional trade agreements and the accession commitments of WTO members. Its aim is to serve the needs of those seeking detailed information on trade policy measures as well as those looking for summary information. Finally, I am pleased to announce a further extension to our statistical publications. This year, we are publishing for the first time a new publication on the services trade of WTO members. Complementing our three other annual reports on trade statistics - International Trade Statistics, World Tariff Profiles and Trade Profiles - Services Profiles will provide data on transportation, telecommunications, finance and insurance sectors. The information on each sector will include data on investment, market size, production and trade. We hope that you will find this a useful addition to our statistical output. Roberto Azevêdo, Director-General



3

Understanding international trade statistics Hubert Escaith, WTO Chief Statistician

“World trade needs multifaceted tools for measurement and analysis.”

International trade statistics and trade policy information provide the facts that firms and policy makers need to take decisions. Equally, they provide the information that analysts and academics need to provide advice to decision makers. Consequently, the accuracy and timeliness of these statistics are extremely important. At a time when globalization is leading to rapid changes in the economic and social environment, the quality of these statistics is more important than ever. “Do we have the right numbers?” was the title of an event - the Global Forum on Trade Statistics - organized by the WTO back in February 2011, in collaboration with the UN Statistics Division and Eurostat. This question was posed against the backdrop of the ever-increasing international fragmentation of production chains in which the specialization in tasks (or business functions) often spans several countries. The event highlighted that comparative advantage nowadays lies in specialized tasks which create new opportunities for small and medium-sized economies in particular. However, this new way of trading makes it more complex to attribute the value added by countries participating in global supply chains. This is further complicated by ownership considerations, trade within firms and intellectual property issues. Expanding data availability In response to this new way of trading, the WTO formally launched the Made in the World Initiative (MIWI) in 2012. The objective was to create a means of exchanging information on projects, experiences and practical approaches in measuring and analysing trade in value-added terms. Building on co-operation with many other international bodies, the OECD and the WTO worked together in combining trade statistics in goods and services with input-output analysis to produce a joint database on trade in value-added terms. The first results of this joint initiative were released in January 2013 and refined in an update of the database in May 2013. These statistics will be further refined as and when greater detail in national official statistics becomes available.

4



INTRODUCTION

As a result of the increase in data availability in value-added trade, this year’s International Trade Statistics includes a new chapter on trade in global value chains, offering new perspectives on world trade and economic growth. The new data highlight, for example, that trade in intermediate goods is just as concentrated among large players as overall trade. The ten largest merchandise traders constitute nearly 60 per cent of world trade and about half of world trade in intermediate goods. Many of these global value or production chains are organized by a multinational enterprise. For US multinationals, one-third of their exchanges take place within the multinational. The new insights provided by data in value-added terms change the way we look at international trade. On average, about 25 per cent of the value of national exports includes foreign content in the form of imported inputs used to produce these exports. Remarkably, the share of services in world trade in value-added terms is more than double the share calculated in traditional balance-of-payments terms. The new data in this publication reveal the leading exporters and importers of intermediate goods, an important indicator of increased fragmentation in production chains. Also provided, for the first time, are data on gross trade flows broken down into their value-added components. This sheds light on how countries add value as goods are transferred across borders in production chains. The new chapter also highlights the sectoral contributions of the value added to exports, demonstrating the interdependency of domestic and foreign sectors. Finally, the new chapter provides information outlining the level of exchanges within their multinational parent company carried out by US-owned affiliates. Details on the methodology used for this new chapter can be found in the chapter entitled “Compositions, Definitions and Methodology”.

Where to find more: Composition, Definitions and Methodology



5

WTO members and observers

WTO members (as of 15 August 2013)* Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia, Plurinational State of Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada

Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia

European Union (formerly European Communities) Fiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland

Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait, the State of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania

Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines

* The cut-off date for data compilation for this publication was 15 August 2013.

6



INTRODUCTION

Composition of geographical regions

Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden


Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe

WTO observers (as of 15 August 2013)* Afghanistan Algeria Andorra Azerbaijan Bahamas Belarus Bhutan Bosnia and Herzegovina Comoros Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Holy See (Vatican) Iran Iraq Kazakhstan Lebanese Republic Liberia, Republic of Libya Sao Tomé and Principe

Serbia Seychelles Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Uzbekistan Yemen


7

Economies by size of merchandise trade 2012

51%

42%

The top ten merchandise traders accounted for just over half of world merchandise trade in 2012

Developing economies accounted for 42% of world merchandise trade in 2012

US$ 17.3 tn Merchandise exports of WTO members totalled US$ 17.3 trillion in 2012

Where to find more: www.wto.org/its2013: Tables A6 and Table A7

8



INTRODUCTION

Economies by size of trade in commercial services 2012

49%

35%

The top ten traders in commercial services accounted for almost half of world trade in commercial services in 2012

Developing economies accounted for 35% of world trade in commercial services in 2012

US$ 4.25 tn Exports of commercial services by WTO members totalled US$ 4.25 trillion in 2012

Where to find more: www.wto.org/its2013: Tables A8 and Table A9



9

Abbreviations and symbols ACP ASEAN AFTA BOP BPM5 CACM CARICOM CEMAC CIS COMESA ECCAS ECOWAS EFTA EU EUROSTAT FAO FATS FDI GCC GDP GNP GTIS HS IEA IMF ISIC LDCs MERCOSUR NAFTA OECD SAARC SADC SAPTA SITC UNECE UNECLAC UNCTAD UNIDO UNSD WAEMU

African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States Association of South-East Asian Nations ASEAN Free Trade Area Balance of Payments Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition Central American Common Market Caribbean Common Market Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa Commonwealth of Independent States Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Economic Community of Central African States Economic Community of West African States European Free Trade Association European Union Statistical Office of the European Communities Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Foreign Affiliates Statistics Foreign Direct Investment Gulf Co-operation Council Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Global Trade Information Services Inc. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System International Energy Agency International Monetary Fund International Standard Industrial Classification Least-developed countries Southern Common Market North American Free Trade Agreement Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation South African Development Community South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement Standard International Trade Classification United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Statistics Division West African Economic and Monetary Union

c.i.f. f.o.b. n.e.s. n.i.e.

cost, insurance and freight free on board not elsewhere specified not included elsewhere

The following symbols are used in this publication: ... 0 $ Q1, Q2 I Billion

not available or growth rates exceeding 500% figure is zero or became zero due to rounding not applicable United States dollars 1st quarter, 2nd quarter break in comparability of data series. Data after the symbol do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. means one thousand million.

Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in U.S. dollars; (ii) trade figures include the intra-trade of free trade areas, customs unions, geographical and other groups; (iii) merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis and (iv) merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional.

Closing date 15 August 2013

10



I. World trade developments


12

Trade data List of tables


World merchandise exports stagnated in value terms in 2012 while exports of commercial services increased by 2 per cent.

18 18

1. Overview

19

2. Trade by region

20

3. Leading traders

24

4. Bilateral trade of leading traders

28

5. Regional trade agreements

35

6. Least-developed countries

39

7. Foreign affiliates statistics

44

Where to find more online: you can access and download the Excel files for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics



11

Top five merchandise exporters represent 36% of world exports, almost same share as the largest RTAs Merchandise exports by regional trade agreement (RTA) 2012 (value of exports and percentage share in world trade)

Top five merchandise exporters (percentage share in world trade and main export partners)

Where to find more: Table I.21 www.wto.org/its2013: Tables A3 and A4

12



t EU merchandise exports stagnated in 2012, reflecting uncertainty in the euro area.

t In South and Central America, growth of merchandise exports from both MERCOSUR and the Andean Community declined by nearly 30 percentage points in 2012, from 26 per cent and 35 per cent growth in 2011 to -5 per cent and 5 per cent growth in 2012, respectively. t Merchandise exports of leastdeveloped countries plunged to 1 per cent growth in 2012, from 25 per cent in 2011. Their share of world merchandise exports remains at 1 per cent.


t Developed economies export more than half of world merchandise exports but saw a decline of 3 per cent in their exports in 2012. In contrast, exports of developing countries went up by 4 per cent.

t Growth of merchandise exports was greater in the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China), rising by 4.5 per cent in 2012, than in NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) or the European Union.

Share in world merchandise exports 2012

Note: EU – European Union; MERCOSUR – Southern Common Market; NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement; SADC – Southern African Development Community. Percentages represent shares in world merchandise trade excluding Hong Kong re-exports.



13

Merchandise exports recovered slightly in volume terms in 2012 t World merchandise exports and gross domestic product (GDP) both grew by 2.5 per cent in 2012. t Africa and North America experienced the highest growth in merchandise exports in volume terms, recording 6.0 per cent and 4.5 per cent respectively. The highest growth in imports was recorded by Africa and the Middle East, with 11.5 per cent and 8.0 per cent respectively. t World merchandise exports and GDP have recorded positive growth since the 2009 economic crisis, but their rates have declined steadily. Merchandise exports declined from 14.0 per cent to 2.0 per cent between 2010 and 2012 while GDP fell from 4.0 per cent to 2.0 per cent over the same period.

Volume of world merchandise exports and gross domestic product, 2005–2012

86 8.6

2.5% Asia’s merchandise export volumes grew by 2.5% in 2012 14.0 14 0

2% World merchandise import volumes grew by 2% in 2012

Where to find more: Tables I.2

14



China in close pursuit of US as leading merchandise trader t The United States is still the world’s biggest trader in merchandise, with imports and exports totalling US$ 3,881 billion in 2012. Its trade deficit amounts to US$ 790 billion, 4.9 per cent of its GDP. I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS

t China follows closely behind the United States, with merchandise trade totalling US$ 3,867 billion in 2012. China’s trade surplus was US$ 230 billion (2.8 per cent of its GDP). Germany is in third place, with a trade surplus of US$ 240 billion in 2012, 7.0 per cent of its GDP. t Most EU countries saw declines in their merchandise exports in 2012 due to structural problems in the euro area.

Leading merchandise traders, 2012

Russia and Vanuatu, the two latest members of the WTO, had export growth rates of 1 per cent and -19 per cent respectively in 2012.

The United States was the world’s biggest merchandise trader in 2012 Exports

US$ 1,546 bn Imports

US$ 2,336 bn Where to find more: www.wto.org/its2013: Tables A6 and A7



15

Exports of commercial services slow as European trade declines t World exports of commercial services rose by 2 per cent, to US$ 4,350 billion, in 2012 largely due to a decline in European trade. t Europe’s exports of commercial services declined by 2 per cent in 2012, following a recovery in 2011, due to the region’s financial instability and depressed economy. European economies accounted for 47 per cent of global exports of commercial services in 2012. Exports of commercial services also slowed in other regions. In Asia and North America, exports expanded by 6 per cent and 5 per cent respectively in 2012, roughly half of the growth recorded in 2011. t The Middle East was the most dynamic region, with exports of commercial services increasing by 13 per cent in 2012, followed by the Commonwealth of Independent States with 9 per cent. Africa’s exports rose by 6 per cent in 2012 following stagnation in 2011.

Growth in exports of commercial services by region, 2011–2012

2% Growth in exports of world commercial services in 2012

-2% Decline of Europe’s commercial services exports in 2012

Where to find more: Table I.3

16



Leading European exporters see decline in commercial services


t Exports of commercial services by leading European traders declined significantly in 2012 due to the region’s depressed economy. The United Kingdom, the world’s second-largest services exporter, saw exports decline by 3 per cent while Germany’s exports contracted by 1 per cent. France saw a more pronounced decline, with exports down by 6 per cent. Europe’s decline in exports was largely due to a 2 per cent decrease in exports of “other commercial services”, in particular “other business services” and financial services. t Exports of commercial services by other major traders continued to grow in 2012, although at a slower pace than in the previous year. In the United States, the world’s leading exporter of commercial services, exports rose by 6 per cent. t In Asia, China’s exports of commercial services rose by 8 per cent in 2012, India’s by 3 per cent and in Hong Kong, China, exports rose by 5 per cent. Japan was the only large exporter of services in the region to record stagnant growth.

Growth in exports of commercial services by country, 2011–2012

Change in exports of commercial services in 2012

-3% United Kingdom

-1% Germany

-6% France

Where to find more: Table I.9



17

List of tables I. World trade developments 1. Overview Table I.1

Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2005-2012

19

Table I.2

Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2005-2012

19

2. Trade by region Table I.3

World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2005-2012

20

Table I.4

Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2012

21

Table I.5

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2012

22

Table I.6

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2012

23

3. Leading traders Table I.7

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2012

24

Table I.8

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2012

25

Table I.9

Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2012

26

Table I.10 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2012

27

4. Bilateral trade of leading traders Table I.11

Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2012

28

Table I.12 Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2012

29

Table I.13 Merchandise trade of the European Union (27) by origin and destination, 2012

30

Table I.14

31

Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2012

Table I.15 Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011

32

5. Regional trade agreements Table I.16 Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012

35

Table I.17

36

Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012

Table I.18 Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012

37

Table I.19 Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012

38

6. Least-developed countries Table I.20 Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2012

39

Table I.21 Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries, 2012

40

Table I.22 Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (27), Asia and North America from the least-developed countries, 2012

41

Table I.23 Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2012

42

7.

18

Foreign affiliates statistics

Table I.24 Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services activities (inward FATS), 2005-2010

43

Table I.25 Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged in services activities (outward FATS), 2007-2010

44

Table I.26 Services supplied by United States affiliates established abroad (outward FATS) and by foreign affiliates in the United States (inward FATS) by economy of affiliate, 2010

45



1. Overview Table I.1

Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2005-2012 (Annual percentage change)

2010

2011

2012

3.5 4.0 2.0 4.0

14.0 7.5 5.5 18.0

5.5 6.0 2.5 7.0

2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5

World merchandise production Agriculture Mining Manufacturing

2.0 2.0 1.0 2.5

6.5 0.0 2.0 9.0

2.5 2.0 1.5 3.0

2.0 1.5 3.0 2.0

World GDP

2.0

4.0

2.5

2.0

Note : See the Metadata for the estimation of world aggregates of merchandise exports, production and GDP.


2005-12 World merchandise exports Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures

Table I.2

Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2005-2012 (Annual percentage change)

Exports 2005-12 3.5

Imports

2011

2012

5.5

2.5

2005-12

2011

2012

World

3.5

5.0

2.0 3.0

3.5

6.5

4.5

North America

1.5

4.5

-0.5

6.5

3.0

Canada

2.0

6.0

1.5

4.5

4.5

8.5

Mexico

4.5

6.5

7.5

4.5

7.0

4.0

United States

0.5

4.0

3.0

1.5

7.0

0.5

South and Central America

8.5

13.0

2.5

2.0

5.5

1.0

Europe

2.0

5.5

0.5

European Union (27)

-1.0

-3.5

1.0

Norway

3.0

4.5

-0.5

2.5

8.0

0.5

Switzerland

2.0

2.5

-1.5

3.0

2.0

1.5

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

8.5

17.0

6.5

7.0

6.5

2.5

Asia

6.0

6.5

3.5

3.0

0.5

2.5

Australia

11.0

9.0

6.0

China

1.0

3.0

-2.0

0.5

2.5

-2.0

5.5

7.0

5.0

10.0

9.0

3.5

-1.0

7.0

29.0

Hong Kong, China

10.5

15.0

-0.5

India

5.0

7.0

3.0

13.5

9.5

7.0

2.5

-0.5

-1.0

Japan

1.0

4.0

3.5

4.5

7.5

1.0

Six East Asian traders a

3.0

4.0

2.0

a Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei) and Thailand.



19

2. Trade by region Table I.3

World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2005-2012 (Annual percentage change)

Exports

Imports

2005-12

2011

2012

8

20

0

7

16

4

8

16

4

3

17

1

11

28

-1

11

27

-5

10

23

-4

5

18

-4

5

18

-4

2005-12

2011

2012

World

8

19

0

North America

5

15

3

United States

4

15

3

Canada

6

15

2

14

26

3

Brazil

17

24

-2

Argentina

13

31

-7

5

17

-6

5

17

-6

Merchandise

8

20

-4

13

34

2

12

30

1

10

33

0

11

17

5

8

21

-11

13

36

1

14

40

6

12

45

6

17

41

16

11

18

2

15

20

8

4

7

-3


Europe European Union (27) Switzerland

7

18

-5

15

30

5

Russian Federation

15

30

4

Ukraine

13

36

2

13

19

8

10

29

2 -9


Africa South Africa Nigeria a

14

27

12

17

9

Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of

15

23

18

United Arab Emirates a

15

23

13

12

23

4

China

16

25

4

Japan

8

23

4

Middle East

Asia

Commercial services 8

11

2

World

8

12

3

7

9

5

North America

6

8

3

8

9

6

United States

6

7

4

5

9

-1

Canada

7

10

1

10

19

4

15

23

7

14

20

5

Brazil

19

22

7

13

14

-2

Argentina

14

21

5

7

12

-2

6

12

-2


Europe European Union (27)

10

-2

10

-3

11

24

4

14

18

18

9

15

-4

14

20

9

13

22

7

Russian Federation

16

22

19

11

14

3

Ukraine

10

5

7

7

0

6

12

12

1

6

-19

12

7

1

18 -11

4

6

2

…

11

13

19

9

18

…

7

-5

…

12

6

14

9

8

4

3

0

Switzerland

6 6


Africa Egypt South Africa Middle East United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of

5

7

…

14

6

19

35

13 -9

…

8

…

14

8

China

19

23

18

Japan

4

6

5

Asia

a Secretariat estimates.

20



Table I.4

Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination North America

Europe

CIS

Africa

Middle East

Asia

World

Value World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia

3035 1151 187 492 37 74 118 975

787 217 202 124 7 30 11 196

6564 380 128 4383 430 240 148 855

550 18 8 245 149 2 7 121

580 38 21 211 14 81 39 177

714 75 17 208 20 17 116 260

5333 488 172 643 127 160 732 3012

17930 2371 750 6385 805 630 1349 5640

4.4 9.1 26.9 1.9 0.9 4.8 0.8 3.5

36.6 16.0 17.0 68.6 53.4 38.2 11.0 15.2

3.1 0.8 1.1 3.8 18.5 0.3 0.5 2.1

3.2 1.6 2.8 3.3 1.7 12.8 2.9 3.1

4.0 3.2 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.7 8.6 4.6

29.7 20.6 23.0 10.1 15.7 25.3 54.2 53.4

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0 37.9 6.2 16.2 1.2 2.4 3.9 32.1

100.0 27.6 25.6 15.7 0.9 3.9 1.4 24.9

100.0 5.8 1.9 66.8 6.6 3.7 2.3 13.0

100.0 3.3 1.5 44.6 27.0 0.3 1.3 21.9

100.0 6.5 3.6 36.3 2.4 13.9 6.8 30.4

100.0 10.5 2.4 29.2 2.8 2.4 16.2 36.5

100.0 9.2 3.2 12.0 2.4 3.0 13.7 56.5

100.0 13.2 4.2 35.6 4.5 3.5 7.5 31.5

16.9 6.4 1.0 2.7 0.2 0.4 0.7 5.4

4.4 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.1

36.6 2.1 0.7 24.4 2.4 1.3 0.8 4.8

3.1 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.7

3.2 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 1.0

4.0 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.5

29.7 2.7 1.0 3.6 0.7 0.9 4.1 16.8

100.0 13.2 4.2 35.6 4.5 3.5 7.5 31.5

Share of regional trade flows in each region's total merchandise exports World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia

16.9 48.6 24.9 7.7 4.6 11.7 8.7 17.3


Origin


Share of each region's exports in world merchandise exports to the region World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia Share of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia



21

Table I.5

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

1948

1953

1963

1973

1983

1993

2003

2012

Value World

59

84

157

579

1838

3677

7380

17930

Share World

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

North America United States Canada Mexico

28.1 21.7 5.5 0.9

24.8 18.8 5.2 0.7

19.9 14.9 4.3 0.6

17.3 12.3 4.6 0.4

16.8 11.2 4.2 1.4

18.0 12.6 3.9 1.4

15.8 9.8 3.7 2.2

13.2 8.6 2.5 2.1

South and Central America Brazil Argentina

11.3 2.0 2.8

9.7 1.8 1.3

6.4 0.9 0.9

4.3 1.1 0.6

4.4 1.2 0.4

3.0 1.0 0.4

3.0 1.0 0.4

4.2 1.4 0.5

Europe Germany a France Italy United Kingdom

35.1 1.4 3.4 1.8 11.3

39.4 5.3 4.8 1.8 9.0

47.8 9.3 5.2 3.2 7.8

50.9 11.7 6.3 3.8 5.1

43.5 9.2 5.2 4.0 5.0

45.3 10.3 6.0 4.6 4.9

45.9 10.2 5.3 4.1 4.1

35.6 7.8 3.2 2.8 2.6

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b Africa South Africa c Middle East

-

-

-

-

-

1.5

2.6

4.5

7.3 2.0

6.5 1.6

5.7 1.5

4.8 1.0

4.5 1.0

2.5 0.7

2.4 0.5

3.5 0.5

2.0

2.7

3.2

4.1

6.8

3.5

4.1

7.5

Asia China Japan India Australia and New Zealand Six East Asian Traders

14.0 0.9 0.4 2.2 3.7 3.4

13.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 3.2 3.0

12.5 1.3 3.5 1.0 2.4 2.5

14.9 1.0 6.4 0.5 2.1 3.6

19.1 1.2 8.0 0.5 1.4 5.8

26.1 2.5 9.9 0.6 1.4 9.7

26.1 5.9 6.4 0.8 1.2 9.6

31.5 11.4 4.5 1.6 1.6 9.7

Memorandum item: EU d USSR, Former GATT/WTO Members e

2.2 63.4

3.5 69.6

24.5 4.6 75.0

37.0 3.7 84.1

31.3 5.0 78.4

37.4 89.3

42.3 94.3

32.4 96.6

a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983. b Figures are significantly affected by including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003. c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union. d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2012. e Membership as of the year stated. Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.

22



Table I.6

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

1948

1953

1963

1973

1983

1993

2003

2012

Value 62

85

164

594

1882

3787

7696

18188

Share World

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

North America United States Canada Mexico

18.5 13.0 4.4 1.0

20.5 13.9 5.5 0.9

16.1 11.4 3.9 0.8

17.2 12.3 4.2 0.6

18.5 14.3 3.4 0.7

21.4 15.9 3.7 1.8

22.4 16.9 3.2 2.3

17.6 12.8 2.6 2.1

South and Central America Brazil Argentina

10.4 1.8 2.5

8.3 1.6 0.9

6.0 0.9 0.6

4.4 1.2 0.4

3.8 0.9 0.2

3.3 0.7 0.4

2.5 0.7 0.2

4.1 1.3 0.4

Europe Germany a France Italy United Kingdom

45.3 2.2 5.5 2.5 13.4

43.7 4.5 4.9 2.8 11.0

52.0 8.0 5.3 4.6 8.5

53.3 9.2 6.4 4.7 6.5

44.2 8.1 5.6 4.2 5.3

44.6 9.0 5.7 3.9 5.5

45.0 7.9 5.2 3.9 5.2

35.9 6.4 3.7 2.7 3.8

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b Africa South Africa c Middle East

-

-

-

-

-

1.2

1.7

3.1

8.1 2.5

7.0 1.5

5.2 1.1

3.9 0.9

4.6 0.8

2.6 0.5

2.2 0.5

3.4 0.7

1.8

2.1

2.3

2.7

6.2

3.3

2.8

4.1

Asia China Japan India Australia and New Zealand Six East Asian Traders

13.9 0.6 1.1 2.3 2.9 3.5

15.1 1.6 2.8 1.4 2.3 3.7

14.1 0.9 4.1 1.5 2.2 3.2

14.9 0.9 6.5 0.5 1.6 3.9

18.5 1.1 6.7 0.7 1.4 6.1

23.6 2.7 6.4 0.6 1.5 10.3

23.5 5.4 5.0 0.9 1.4 8.6

31.8 10.0 4.9 2.7 1.6 9.6

Memorandum item: EU d USSR, Former GATT/WTO Members e

1.9 58.6

3.3 66.9

4.3 75.3

3.6 85.5

4.3 81.3

88.7

41.8 94.8

32.6 97.6


World

a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983. b Figures are significantly affected by including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003. c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union. d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2012. e Membership as of the year stated. Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.



23

3. Leading traders Table I.7

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Exporters China United States Germany Japan Netherlands France Korea, Republic of Russian Federation Italy Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports United Kingdom Canada Belgium Singapore domestic exports re-exports Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Mexico United Arab Emirates b Chinese Taipei India Spain Australia Brazil Thailand Malaysia Switzerland Indonesia Poland Sweden Austria Norway Czech Republic Turkey Qatar Kuwait Ireland Nigeria b Viet Nam Denmark Iran b Hungary Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Iraq b Kazakhstan South Africa Slovak Republic Argentina Chile Angola b Finland Algeria

Annual percentage change

Value

Share

2049 1546 1407 799 656 569 548 529 501 493 22 471

11.1 8.4 7.6 4.3 3.6 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 0.1 2.6

8 4 -5 -3 -2 -5 -1 1 -4 8 33 7

474 455 447 408 228 180 388 371 350 301 294 294 257 243 230 227 226 188 183 172 166 161 157 152 133 119 117 116 115 106 104 104 97 94 92 87 81 81 78 74 73 72

2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.2 1.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

-6 1 -6 0 2 -3 6 6 16 -2 -3 -4 -5 -5 3 0 -4 -6 -3 -8 -6 0 -4 13 16 16 -7 1 18 -6 -21 -7 5 13 5 -11 2 -4 -4 10 -8 -2

Rank

Importers


Value

Share

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

United States China Germany Japan United Kingdom France Netherlands Hong Kong, China retained imports

2336 1818 1167 886 690 674 591 553 140

12.6 9.8 6.3 4.8 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.0 0.8

3 4 -7 4 2 -6 -1 8 6

9 10

Korea, Republic of India

520 490

2.8 2.6

-1 5

11 12 13 14 15

Italy Canada a Belgium Mexico Singapore retained imports

487 475 437 380 380 199

2.6 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.1

-13 2 -6 5 4 11

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Russian Federation a Spain Chinese Taipei Australia Thailand Turkey Brazil United Arab Emirates b Switzerland Malaysia Poland Indonesia Austria Sweden Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Czech Republic South Africa Viet Nam Hungary Denmark Norway Ukraine Chile Slovak Republic Finland Israel Portugal Romania Egypt Argentina Philippines Greece Ireland Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of b Colombia

335 335 270 261 248 237 233 230 198 197 196 190 178 163 156 141 124 114 95 92 87 85 79 78 76 75 72 70 69 69 65 63 63 60 59

1.8 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

4 -11 -4 7 8 -2 -2 13 -5 5 -7 8 -7 -8 18 -7 2 7 -7 -4 -4 2 6 -2 -10 -1 -12 -8 11 -7 3 -6 -6 27 8

Total of above c

16985

92.3

-

Total of above c

16948

91.1

-

World c

18401

100.0

0

World c

18601

100.0

1

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b Secretariat estimates. c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note : For annual data 2002-2012, see Appendix A6 and A7

24



Table I.8

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Rank

8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Exporters

Value

Share

2167 2049 1546 799 548 529 493 22 471 455 408 228 180 388 371 350 301 294 257 243 230 227 226 188 161 152 133 119 116 115 104 97 94 92 87 81 78 74 72 69 63 62 60 52 52 46 46 37 33 29 25 25 24 21

14.7 13.9 10.5 5.4 3.7 3.6 3.3 0.2 3.2 3.1 2.8 1.5 1.2 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

0 8 4 -3 -1 1 8 33 7 1 0 2 -3 6 6 16 -2 -3 -5 -5 3 0 -4 -6 0 13 16 16 1 18 -21 5 13 5 -11 -4 -4 10 -2 0 -7 228 5 11 8 11 -1 -1 -5 -7 3 -3 7 -1

Total of above c

14288

96.8

-

World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c

14764

100.0

2

Extra-EU (27) exports China United States Japan Korea, Republic of Russian Federation Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Canada Singapore domestic exports re-exports Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Mexico United Arab Emirates b Chinese Taipei India Australia Brazil Thailand Malaysia Switzerland Indonesia Norway Turkey Qatar Kuwait Nigeria b Viet Nam Iran b Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Iraq b Kazakhstan South Africa Argentina Chile Angola b Algeria Ukraine Israel Libya Colombia Oman Philippines Belarus Peru New Zealand Azerbaijan Egypt Bangladesh Pakistan Ecuador Morocco

Rank

Importers


Value

Share

1 2 3 4 5

United States Extra-EU (27) China Japan Hong Kong, China retained imports

2336 2301 1818 886 553 140

15.6 15.4 12.2 5.9 3.7 0.9

3 -4 4 4 8 6

6 7 8 9 10

Korea, Republic of India Canada a Mexico Singapore retained imports

520 490 475 380 380 199

3.5 3.3 3.2 2.5 2.5 1.3

-1 5 2 5 4 11

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Russian Federation a Chinese Taipei Australia Thailand Turkey Brazil United Arab Emirates b Switzerland Malaysia Indonesia Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of South Africa Viet Nam Norway Ukraine Chile Israel Egypt Argentina Philippines Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Colombia Iran Iraq b Nigeria b Algeria Belarus Morocco Kazakhstan Pakistan Peru New Zealand Qatar b Bangladesh Oman b Kuwait Ecuador Tunisia Angola a b Panama b

335 270 261 248 237 233 230 198 197 190 156 124 114 87 85 79 75 69 69 65 60 59 57 57 51 47 46 45 45 44 43 38 34 34 29 26 25 24 24 23

2.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

4 -4 7 8 30 -2 13 18 5 8 18 2 7 17 2 6 -1 11 -7 3 27 8 -8 16 -9 1 1 1 20 0 13 3 14 -6 19 2 4 2 19 7

Total of above c

13714

95.4

-

World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c

14965

100.0

3


1 2 3 4 5 6 7


a Imports are valued f.o.b. b Secretariat estimates. c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note : For annual data 2002-2012, see Appendix A6 and A7



25

Table I.9

Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Exporters United States United Kingdom Germany France China Japan India Spain Netherlands Hong Kong, China Ireland Singapore a Korea, Republic of Italy Belgium Switzerland Canada Sweden Luxembourg Denmark Austria Russian Federation Australia Thailand Chinese Taipei Macao, China Norway Turkey Brazil Poland Malaysia Greece Israel Finland Lebanon b Portugal Indonesia Czech Republic Egypt Hungary

Value

Share

621 280 257 211 190 142 141 136 131 123 116 112 110 103 95 90 78 76 70 65 61 58 52 49 49 45 44 42 38 38 38 34 30 30 25 24 23 22 21 20

14.3 6.4 5.9 4.8 4.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Annual percentage change 6 -3 -1 -6 8 0 3 -4 -3 5 2 3 17 -2 1 -4 -1 2 -1 -2 1 7 2 19 7 14 3 9 5 1 5 -15 11 -1 ...

-8 12 -5 12 -7

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Importers United States Germany China Japan United Kingdom France India Netherlands Singapore Ireland Korea, Republic of Canada Italy Russian Federation Belgium Spain Brazil Australia United Arab Emirates Denmark Hong Kong, China Sweden Thailand Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Norway Switzerland Austria Chinese Taipei Malaysia Luxembourg Indonesia Poland Finland Mexico Angola b Qatar Nigeria Israel Iran b Turkey

Value

Share

411 293 280 175 174 172 127 119 118 112 107 105 105 104 92 89 78 63 63 57 57 55 53 50 49 47 42 42 42 40 33 32 30 25 24 22 21 20 20 19

9.9 7.1 6.7 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Annual percentage change 4 -1 18 5 0 -9 3 -1 3 -3 7 1 -8 19 1 -5 7 6 13 -1 2 0 1 -9 6 4 1 2 11 -2 8 -1 2 1 ...

42 -7 6 ...

-3

Total of above

3885

89.4

-

Total of above

3570

85.9

-

World

4350

100.0

2

World

4150

100.0

3

a Does not include merchanting. b Secretariat estimate. Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 2002-2012, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.

26



Table I.10

Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Rank

Exporters Extra-EU (27) exports United States China Japan India Hong Kong, China Singapore a Korea, Republic of Switzerland Canada Russian Federation Australia Thailand Chinese Taipei Macao, China Norway Turkey Brazil Malaysia Israel Lebanon b Indonesia Egypt Ukraine Philippines Mexico Argentina South Africa United Arab Emirates Morocco Chile Croatia Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Cuba New Zealand Kuwait Viet Nam Qatar Panama Iran b

Value

Share

831 621 190 142 141 123 112 110 90 78 58 52 49 49 45 44 42 38 38 30 25 23 21 19 18 16 15 15 14 13 13 12 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 9

24.8 18.6 5.7 4.3 4.2 3.7 3.3 3.3 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

0 6 8 0 3 5 3 17 -4 -1 7 2 19 7 14 3 9 5 5 11 ...

12 12 3 4 5 -2 2 18 -3 -4 -5 -5 -7 -1 2 11 59 23 ...

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Importers Extra-EU (27) imports United States China Japan India Singapore Korea, Republic of Canada Russian Federation Brazil Australia United Arab Emirates Hong Kong, China Thailand Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Norway Switzerland Chinese Taipei Malaysia Indonesia Mexico Angola b Qatar Nigeria Israel Iran b Turkey Argentina Kuwait South Africa Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Egypt Chile Philippines Ukraine Kazakhstan Viet Nam Lebanon b Iraq b Algeria

Value

Share

651 411 280 175 127 118 107 105 104 78 63 63 57 53 50 49 47 42 42 33 25 24 22 21 20 20 19 18 18 17 17 15 15 14 14 13 12 12 11 11

20.1 12.7 8.7 5.4 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Annual percentage change -2 4 18 5 3 3 7 1 19 7 6 13 2 1 -9 6 4 2 11 8 1


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40


...

42 -7 6 ...

-3 5 11 -11 14 18 -4 17 7 17 6 ... ...

-8

Total of above

3165

94.4

-

Total of above

2995

92.6

-

World (excl. intra-EU (27))

3350

100.0

4

World (excl. intra-EU (27))

3235

100.0

5

a Does not include merchanting. b Secretariat estimate. Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 2002-2012, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.



27

4. Bilateral trade of leading traders Table I.11

Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports

Destination

Value 2012

Imports a Annual percentage change

Share 2005

2012

2011

Origin

2012

Value 2012

Region


Share 2005

2012

2011

2012

Region

World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

454794 343278 48491 42714 8561 4404 3839 2063

100.0 84.6 6.5 6.5 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.0

100.0 75.5 10.7 9.4 1.9 1.0 0.8 0.5

17 15 29 19 19 10 7 25

1 2 -2 -7 -1 20 9 8

337830 38495 19364 10361 5393

83.9 5.7 1.7 2.1 0.8

74.3 8.5 4.3 2.3 1.2

15 21 32 21 14

2 -5 14 -4 -2

Above 5 Korea, Republic of Brazil Hong Kong, China India Norway Australia Indonesia Russian Federation Chinese Taipei United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Singapore Switzerland Turkey Colombia Chile Malaysia Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Thailand South Africa Peru Bangladesh Philippines Bahamas Egypt Cuba Algeria Iraq New Zealand Viet Nam Morocco Trinidad and Tobago Nigeria Sri Lanka Argentina

411443 3720 2580 2460 2358 2323 2040 1682 1653 1466 1451 1369 896 867 850 829 790 784 741 717 635 537 525 523 504 448 422 420 395 385 370 369 330 327 322 300

94.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

90.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

43 15 64 33 15 13 61 31 41 24 -9 0 -23 57 23 45 1 13 34 52 13 -4 -16 -13 18 23 -14 -18 23 32 67 19 6 -10 81

-28 -10 -18 -11 -18 6 1 9 -17 6 58 10 -25 -34 8 -4 2 21 -15 -8 3 -6 -4 281 -38 -10 68 111 0 9 22 -4 43 5 -40

Above 40

447831

99.1

98.5

-

-

Economy

World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East CIS

474920 270065 97740 61135 17259 8828 13838 6055

100.0 61.3 17.3 14.0 3.1 1.0 1.8 0.1

100.0 56.9 20.6 12.9 3.6 1.9 2.9 1.3

15 13 12 16 21 50 51 7

2 4 4 -3 -10 11 -7 18

United States China European Union (27) Mexico Japan

234032 50757 50568 25523 15042

55.1 7.6 11.8 3.7 3.8

49.3 10.7 10.6 5.4 3.2

13 13 13 16 1

5 4 -4 3 14

Above 5 Korea, Republic of Algeria Chinese Taipei Brazil Iraq Norway Peru Switzerland Canada b Kazakhstan India Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Thailand Malaysia Argentina Australia Nigeria Angola Chile Viet Nam Turkey Singapore Indonesia Azerbaijan Israel Bangladesh Russian Federation Philippines South Africa Colombia Cambodia Cuba New Zealand Egypt Costa Rica

375922 6380 5987 4589 4025 4007 3751 3687 3577 3365 3076 2859 2852 2635 2228 2223 2080 2008 1931 1679 1619 1480 1426 1314 1233 1146 1129 1109 992 691 665 599 540 535 516 514

81.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.3 1.6 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

79.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

12 59 29 23 34 59 26 12 4 30 24 41 16 -3 58 14 55 57 6 18 64 42 18 -17 2 32 -19 7 34 16 52 12 28 57 14

-4 8 -8 3 61 -15 -17 12 -15 7 12 3 -2 3 -7 17 -20 -22 -13 20 31 -9 -9 180 15 5 -15 7 -26 -18 13 -24 -4 13 7

Above 40

454368

95.6

95.7

-

-

Economy

United States European Union (27) China Japan Mexico

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b In 2012, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for nearly 1 percent of its total merchandise imports.

28



Table I.12

Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports

Value 2012


Share 2005

2012

2011

Origin

2012

2012

Region World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

Above 5 Brazil Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China Australia Singapore Switzerland Chinese Taipei United Arab Emirates India Chile Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Colombia Israel Malaysia Turkey Thailand Russian Federation Argentina Panama Peru Philippines Indonesia South Africa Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Egypt Gibraltar Nigeria Viet Nam Bahamas Qatar Above 40

Share 2005

2012

2011

2012

Region 1545709 509044 422283 313803 180046 69602 33144 15333

100.0 36.9 26.6 22.6 7.9 3.5 1.7 0.7

100.0 32.9 27.3 20.3 11.6 4.5 2.1 1.0

16 16 13 14 21 20 16 40

4 6 2 -1 8 19 0 19

291675 265743 216331 110590 70043

23.5 20.8 13.3 4.6 6.1

18.9 17.2 14.0 7.2 4.5

13 12 21 13 9

4 -1 10 6 6

954381 43717 42318 37446 31192 30537 26121 24369 22563 22336 18886 18118 17631 16395 14270 12851 12527 10953 10668 10336 9918 9357 8060 8014 7553 7198 7097 6564 5913 5733 5485 5278 5114 4623 3597 3577

68.4 1.7 3.1 1.8 1.8 2.3 1.2 2.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

61.7 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

21 12 37 26 8 18 -1 37 13 46 19 16 19 24 2 39 22 39 33 36 23 4 7 30 18 12 11 39 33 -10 81 19 17 6 -12

2 -3 3 13 -3 7 -6 42 3 19 31 43 15 2 -10 -14 0 29 5 20 12 5 8 4 18 -3 9 -5 -7 -11 58 6 7 5 28

1480697

96.3

95.8

-

-

Economy Canada European Union (27) Mexico China Japan

Value


World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East CIS

2335537 896416 608137 430332 177606 119609 68484 34953

100.0 36.8 26.8 20.0 7.5 3.8 3.9 0.1

100.0 38.4 26.0 18.4 7.6 5.1 2.9 1.5

15 10 14 16 31 38 8 30

3 6 4 3 -1 13 -28 -17

444407 389061 327482 280017 150401

15.0 18.4 16.8 10.0 8.2

19.0 16.7 14.0 12.0 6.4

9 15 14 14 7

6 4 3 6 14

Above 5 Korea, Republic of Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of India Chinese Taipei Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Brazil Russian Federation Thailand Malaysia Switzerland Colombia Israel Viet Nam Singapore Iraq Nigeria Indonesia Kuwait Costa Rica Algeria Chile Angola Philippines Ecuador Australia South Africa Trinidad and Tobago Norway Peru Turkey Hong Kong, China Bangladesh Honduras Guatemala Argentina

1591369 60979 57327 41910 40215 39343 33227 30137 27052 26652 26234 25225 22344 21370 20455 19638 19523 18840 13346 12303 10201 10097 10030 9910 9896 9642 8815 8586 6754 6680 6605 5555 5107 4855 4844 4578

68.4 2.6 1.7 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 0.9 1.2 2.0 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

68.1 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

16 49 22 15 31 30 34 9 -1 28 46 10 16 9 38 10 15 43 16 0 27 13 14 28 18 16 21 19 22 24 -1 12 14 28 18

4 18 12 -6 -10 2 -15 5 1 5 6 -4 16 6 13 -43 -6 67 19 -32 4 -27 5 -1 -7 -9 1 -21 2 21 26 1 3 10 -3

Above 40

2269643

96.7

97.2

-

-


Destination

Imports

Economy


China European Union (27) Canada Mexico Japan


29

Table I.13

Merchandise trade of the European Union (27) by origin and destination, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports

Destination

Value 2012

Imports Annual percentage change

Share 2005

2012

2011

Origin

2012

Value 2012

Region


Share 2005

2012

2011

2012

Region

World Europe Asia North America CIS Africa Middle East South and Central America

5803285 4019799 578903 445691 220446 191568 158566 113333

100.0 73.5 7.5 8.9 2.5 2.6 2.7 1.3

100.0 69.3 10.0 7.7 3.8 3.3 2.7 2.0

18 17 21 15 30 15 16 21

-4 -7 0 3 5 3 -1 3

3636531 375033 184835 171317 158311

67.7 7.7 1.6 2.5 1.7

62.7 6.5 3.2 3.0 2.7

16 14 26 33 32

-7 2 -3 -12 5

Above 5 Turkey Japan Norway Brazil India Korea, Republic of United Arab Emirates Australia Hong Kong, China Canada Singapore Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Mexico South Africa Ukraine Algeria Israel Morocco Chinese Taipei Egypt Thailand Malaysia Nigeria Croatia Tunisia Indonesia Gibraltar Serbia Argentina Chile Belarus Iran, Islamic Rep. of Kazakhstan Lebanon Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela

4526027 96616 71294 64022 50888 49426 48518 47696 43482 43241 40204 38983 38584 35873 34203 30577 27023 21876 21763 20296 19806 19015 18668 14705 14382 14272 12398 11928 11717 10995 10906 10073 9452 8880 8566 8394

81.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1

78.0 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

25 17 17 20 22 22 25 21 19 17 17 20 18 28 29 17 23 18 15 -1 23 11 27 17 4 21 73 22 18 33 14 -3 20 18 24

-5 4 -1 2 -12 7 3 0 1 -3 3 5 8 -8 3 12 -7 2 -10 1 11 12 -18 -10 -7 21 7 -2 -5 2 0 -35 7 16 23

Above 40

5554749

96.4

95.7

-

-

Economy

World Europe Asia CIS North America Africa South and Central America Middle East

5937635 3957716 765402 350954 324154 237717 121756 119435

100.0 70.3 12.3 5.6 4.2 3.1 1.8 2.0

100.0 66.7 12.9 5.9 5.5 4.0 2.1 2.0

17 16 10 35 20 16 23 47

-6 -7 -9 -2 -2 14 -9 -15

European Union (27) a China Russian Federation United States Norway

3636531 372505 273889 263642 129042

65.2 4.7 3.3 4.8 2.0

61.2 6.3 4.6 4.4 2.2

16 9 31 16 25

-7 -9 -2 -1 -1

Above 5 Switzerland Japan Turkey India Brazil Korea, Republic of Canada Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Algeria Nigeria Chinese Taipei Kazakhstan Malaysia South Africa Singapore Thailand Iran, Islamic Rep. of Mexico Indonesia Ukraine Australia Azerbaijan Qatar Viet Nam Israel Chile Hong Kong, China Argentina Libya Tunisia Iraq Egypt United Arab Emirates Morocco Bangladesh

4675608 134297 81987 61431 47918 47656 48644 38829 44447 41880 42318 28934 31366 26136 26373 27645 21743 7258 24879 19780 18742 18604 17797 13042 23787 16246 12383 13550 12756 42104 12225 16392 10871 10656 11738 11836

80.1 2.0 2.2 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1

78.7 2.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

15 8 19 25 23 -4 29 83 39 77 5 51 8 6 7 7 25 28 23 38 26 61 80 42 20 23 -19 21 -62 9 43 39 61 20 36

4 -15 -8 -13 -12 -3 -8 12 8 25 -14 -2 -12 -8 4 -12 -70 6 -12 -11 -11 -14 -31 32 -8 -20 -11 -14 190 -11 21 -19 -15 -5 -2

Above 40

5741859

97.0

96.7

-

-

Economy

European Union (27) United States China Switzerland Russian Federation

a The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Intra-EU (27) imports are under-recorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU (27) exports have been used to obtain total (World) imports.

30



Table I.14

Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports

Value 2012


Share 2005

2012

2011

Origin

2012

2012

Region World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America CIS Africa

Share 2005

2012

2011

2012

Region 798568 459592 162789 89673 28331 17122 14585 10612

100.0 51.0 25.5 15.7 2.8 1.6 0.9 1.2

100.0 57.6 20.4 11.2 3.5 2.1 1.8 1.3

7 7 5 11 -3 0 50 -2

-3 -5 11 -18 15 -4 6 7

144208 142040 81471 61538 46019

13.5 22.9 14.8 7.8 7.3

18.1 17.8 10.2 7.7 5.8

8 6 10 6 -3

-11 11 -15 -7 -10

Above 5 Thailand a Hong Kong, China Singapore Indonesia Australia Malaysia Panama Russian Federation Philippines Viet Nam India Mexico Canada United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Brazil Switzerland South Africa Oman Turkey Liberia Chile New Zealand Kuwait Egypt Marshall Islands Pakistan Qatar Colombia Israel Myanmar Norway Argentina Peru Bangladesh

475276 66.2331 43729 3.8 41055 6.0 23306 3.1 20285 1.5 18422 2.1 17701 2.1 14198 1.2 12589 0.8 11850 1.5 10741 0.6 10586 0.6 10483 1.2 10263 1.5 8965 0.8 8228 0.7 5926 0.5 4376 0.4 4061 0.6 3582 0.2 2414 0.4 2298 0.2 1992 0.2 1961 0.4 1882 0.2 1753 0.1 1697 0.0 1691 0.3 1504 0.2 1503 0.1 1431 0.2 1258 0.0 1230 0.2 1135 0.1 1038 0.0 985 0.1

59.516 5.5 5.1 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

10 2 8 11 12 7 -4 48 1 17 23 8 -4 1 0 0 19 13 -11 20 69 -14 1 -5 -8 -6 29 -11 20 23 92 27 14 -8 5

17 -4 -14 14 3 -6 -5 7 6 12 -4 2 15 21 27 -5 -53 -6 28 -21 -30 -15 2 40 30 -9 0 48 0 -34 150 -12 16 14 -8

Above 40

781391

97.8

-

-

Economy China United States European Union (27) Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei

Value


World Asia Middle East North America Europe South and Central America CIS Africa

885843 453564 169740 95274 94823 28846 22057 21266

100.0 49.9 16.9 14.9 12.7 2.4 1.3 1.9

100.0 51.2 19.2 10.8 10.7 3.3 2.5 2.4

23 22 36 12 21 27 17 47

4 2 5 2 3 0 10 24

188435 83233 78213 56375 54845

21.0 11.4 12.7 4.7 5.6

21.3 9.4 8.8 6.4 6.2

20 21 10 27 41

2 3 3 -1 8

Above 5 United Arab Emirates Korea, Republic of Qatar Malaysia Indonesia Chinese Taipei Thailand Russian Federation Kuwait Viet Nam Canada Brazil Chile Philippines Singapore Switzerland Iran India Oman South Africa Brunei Darussalam Nigeria Mexico New Zealand Equatorial Guinea Peru Iraq Gabon Norway Hong Kong, China Papua New Guinea Argentina Egypt Ecuador Israel

461101 55.3437 52.0522 43992 4.9 5.0 40593 4.7 4.6 35891 2.1 4.1 32826 2.8 3.7 32274 4.0 3.6 24052 3.5 2.7 23613 3.0 2.7 20800 1.2 2.3 15267 1.5 1.7 15079 0.9 1.7 12659 1.7 1.4 12017 0.9 1.4 9353 1.0 1.1 9324 1.5 1.1 8768 1.3 1.0 8212 1.0 0.9 7966 2.0 0.9 6998 0.6 0.8 6863 0.5 0.8 6417 1.1 0.7 5953 0.4 0.7 4776 0.2 0.5 4403 0.5 0.5 3026 0.5 0.3 2901 0.0 0.3 2819 0.1 0.3 2804 0.1 0.3 2741 0.0 0.3 2299 0.2 0.3 1523 0.3 0.2 1298 0.1 0.1 1243 0.1 0.1 1219 0.0 0.1 1204 0.0 0.1 1177 0.2 0.1

46 39 38 34 21 1 17 18 27 41 19 29 30 13 6 15 15 20 14 18 44 206 14 15 268 10 9 … 21 1 -4 8 90 92 30

3 2 19 8 -5 3 -4 9 16 31 -2 -5 -5 4 1 5 -38 3 33 -24 4 188 11 -3 119 20 -25 316 -2 -1 40 15 39 115 9

Above 40

873450

-

-


Destination

Imports

Economy

98.0

China European Union (27) United States Australia Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of

98.3

98.6

a Includes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination.



31

Table I.15

Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports Value 2011

Imports Share


2011 2005-2011

2010

2011

Value

Share

2011


2011 2005-2011

2010

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Russian Federation

1873866 1044273 200081 111107 36256 33230

100.0 55.7 10.7 5.9 1.9 1.8

8 7 5 10 15 14

4 2 3 3 20 22

12 12 10 14 15 5

Above 5 Japan Norway Singapore Australia Canada Brazil India Hong Kong, China Turkey Korea, Republic of

1424946 30253 29112 22368 22031 21996 15855 15641 13632 12987 12513

76.0 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

3 8 13 13 12 18 16 4 14 9

1 1 13 12 10 -3 13 16 17 22

16 17 22 11 16 22 9 12 19 14

Above 15

1621334

86.5

-

-

-

588621 188801 56076 44394 26703 25207

100.0 32.1 9.5 7.5 4.5 4.3

8 9 2 21 2

9 0 19 12 35 5

9 8 10 -1 24 5

Above 5 Switzerland Brazil Korea, Republic of Australia India Bermuda Singapore Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China Argentina

341181 23456 21703 16562 16088 11019 10858 10451 10445 6087 5754

58.0 4.0 3.7 2.8 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0

13 25 10 13 14 14 11 10 8 22

10 28 18 10 4 3 42 45 -4 26

13 29 10 20 7 -3 5 12 7 23

Above 15

473604

80.5

-

-

-

175670 73340 27081 20466 13440 7897

100.0 41.7 15.4 11.7 7.7 4.5

16

25

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

9 48 172 11 17 4

Above 5 Singapore Korea, Republic of Macao, China Australia

142224 7860 7696 3109 2138

81.0 4.5 4.4 1.8 1.2

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

27 12 6 31

Above 9

163028

92.8

-

-

-

World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Japan

1613986 951223 192385 75742 25336 22034

100.0 58.9 11.9 4.7 1.6 1.4

7 7 5 9 13 6

2 2 0 2 17 9

10 10 9 9 12 10

Above 5 Turkey Russian Federation Singapore Norway India Canada Hong Kong, China Australia Brazil Croatia

1266719 20386 19693 16030 15888 14983 13934 11444 10148 9849 8526

78.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

6 9 14 5 16 7 9 6 12 8

15 14 17 -3 16 12 7 11 -1 5

11 8 25 14 25 10 14 13 17 15

Above 15

1407598

87.2

-

-

-

394847 136807 29418 28027 24773 19316

100.0 34.6 7.5 7.1 6.3 4.9

6 15 4 3 8

5 2 -5 15 12 4

7 9 -8 7 6 0

Above 5 India Mexico China Korea, Republic of Brazil Hong Kong, China Chinese Taipei Australia Israel Singapore

238341 16876 13745 11329 8377 6929 6886 6761 6315 4941 4442

60.4 4.3 3.5 2.9 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1

23 -1 11 6 23 5 1 5 13 4

14 0 21 19 9 12 19 5 7 5

19 1 14 9 25 5 13 11 17 22

Above 15

324942

82.3

-

-

-

237003 38867 36002 20331 15625 11570

100.0 16.4 15.2 8.6 6.6 4.9

19

22 28 40 20 11 35

23 15 26 12 39 -45

Above 5 Australia Singapore Chinese Taipei Macao, China

122395 11546 9265 5911 5696

51.6 4.9 3.9 2.5 2.4

...

36 20 112 -26

41 93 16 7

Above 9

154813

65.3

-

-

-

United States World European Union (27) Canada Japan China Mexico

...

World European Union (27) Bermuda Canada Japan Switzerland

...

China a World Hong Kong, China United States European Union (27) Japan Chinese Taipei

32


World Hong Kong, China European Union (27) Japan Korea, Republic of United States

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ...


Table I.15 (continued)


Exports Share


2011

2011 2005-2011

2010

2011

142551 33437 33103 14698 13510 12599

100.0 23.5 23.2 10.3 9.5 8.8

...

10 0 6 23 37 29

3 0 -9 14 46 24

Above 5 Hong Kong, China Indonesia Korea, Republic of Thailand Australia Switzerland India Malaysia Canada Brazil

107347 3536 3321 3137 3002 2775 2386 2132 1939 1825 1159

75.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.8

-

...

… 91 -10 15 -5 22 59 122 3 23

72 -4 -8 2 6 6 3 82 -14 2

Above 15

132558

93.0

-

-

-

World European Union (27) United States Australia Japan China

108362 14686 10824 7836 5595 4934

100.0 13.6 10.0 7.2 5.2 4.6

...

25 17 27 37 34 93

15 15 6 25 18 -9

Above 5 Hong Kong, China Malaysia India Indonesia Thailand Switzerland Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei United Arab Emirates Norway

43875 3835 3169 3048 2853 2142 1977 1855 1563 1258 1246

40.5 3.5 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1

-

...

36 -3 15 -2 46 13 20 33 14 -2

11 16 4 11 12 10 3 -17 -2 -4

Above 15

66819

61.7

-

-

-

94063 14825 14086 10426 9936 4859

100.0 15.8 15.0 11.1 10.6 5.2

12 5 15 8 7 39

19 15 41 28 27 -11

9 14 3 7 -8 124

Above 5 Hong Kong, China Singapore Philippines Viet Nam Brazil Russian Federation Indonesia Chinese Taipei India Canada

54132 3866 3690 2698 2180 1981 1793 1773 1633 1579 1355

57.5 4.1 3.9 2.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.4

5 18 39 34 48 25 25 2 21 21

33 16 -4 13 61 73 38 55 26 32

-7 7 232 42 201 34 90 -16 -4 76

Above 15

76680

81.5

-

-

-

Value

Share


2011

2011 2005-2011

2010

2011

165727 50168 33097 9744 9036 7987

100.0 30.3 20.0 5.9 5.5 4.8

6 7 2 2 17 13

6 13 2 9 12 20

Above 5 Hong Kong, China Chinese Taipei Thailand Switzerland Australia Cayman Islands Indonesia Canada Russian Federation Philippines

110032 5599 4805 3368 3079 2913 2222 1775 1743 1653 1459

66.4 3.4 2.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9

...

14 24 6 5 6 … 7 20 56 14

2 4 10 11 -19 76 -2 3 14 -14

Above 15

138649

83.7

-

-

-

World European Union (27) United States Japan China Hong Kong, China

114525 17119 15578 5353 4884 3105

100.0 14.9 13.6 4.7 4.3 2.7

...

18 17 5 14 22 26

17 14 -4 35 28 1

Above 5 Australia Switzerland India Malaysia Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of Indonesia Thailand United Arab Emirates Norway

46038 3027 2233 2182 1931 1767 1551 1398 1130 997 796

40.2 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7

...

34 20 21 14 25 21 20 19 11 7

42 18 12 24 8 17 4 12 23 9

Above 15

63051

55.1

-

-

-

World United States European Union (27) China Japan Hong Kong, China

99970 26345 17713 11992 8864 4444

100.0 26.4 17.7 12.0 8.9 4.4

9 8 9 11 3 10

19 19 12 23 20 28

5 3 -1 13 -1 -4

Above 5 Singapore Viet Nam United Arab Emirates Australia Indonesia Chinese Taipei Thailand Canada Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Philippines

69358 3853 2649 2360 2267 1816 1740 1559 1546 1256 1226

69.4 3.9 2.6 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2

7 23 30 8 18 14 8 3 25 6

29 33 34 44 28 36 34 21 6 108

5 26 35 -5 19 29 31 -1 77 -5

Above 15

89630

89.7

-

-

-

Japan World European Union (27) United States Singapore Chinese Taipei China

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

World United States European Union (27) China Singapore Korea, Republic of

... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...


Value

Imports

Singapore b, c ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Korea, Republic of World United States China European Union (27) Japan Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of



33

Table I.15 (continued)


Exports

Imports

Value

Share


Value

Share


2011

2011

2005-2011

2010

2011

2011

2011

2005-2011

2010

2011

6 5

9 7 14

8 8

10 10 6

Canada World United States European Union (27)

78217 42320 14267

100.0 54.1 18.2

...

13 12 9

56588

72.3

-

-

-

118050 29258 14578 4795 4524

100.0 24.8 12.3 4.1 3.8

11

...

23 33 21 16 22

14 23 0 -2 12

53156

45.0

-

-

-

World European Union (27) United States Ukraine Switzerland Turkey

54532 20654 4318 2617 2374 2053

100.0 37.9 7.9 4.8 4.4 3.8

14 13 12 15 14 14

6 5 2 1 16 2

22 23 13 24 30 22

Above 5 Kazakhstan China Uzbekistan British Virgin Islands Tajikistan Belarus Azerbaijan Panama United Arab Emirates Japan

32015 1711 1392 1290 1088 762 671 562 529 499 491

58.7 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

16 14 34 14 29 15 18 25 34 -1

9 20 -9 13 2 19 22 6 -30 4

15 31 35 -10 19 10 11 13 75 14

Above 15

41011

75.2

-

-

-

50912 8439 5800 5167 3431 3212

100.0 16.6 11.4 10.1 6.7 6.3

9 6 17 6 7 9

15 14 28 10 19 4

10 10 12 17 15 37

Above 5 India Japan Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China Malaysia Indonesia Thailand Viet Nam Canada Switzerland

26048 2211 1975 1799 1764 1685 1258 982 926 841 792

51.2 4.3 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6

15 -3 10 6 10 13 13 31 13 15

0 20 25 18 19 23 11 31 17 24

-19 5 5 16 14 18 11 12 23 6

Above 15

40282

79.1

-

-

-

Above 2

World United States European Union (27)

104359 60753 16590

100.0 58.2 15.9

...

18 17 11

77343

74.1

-

-

-

56274 14347 8249 4154 2543

100.0 25.5 14.7 7.4 4.5

9

...

17 16 15 21 22

10 6 8 0 15

29293

52.1

-

-

-

World European Union (27) Turkey United States Ukraine Switzerland

87307 40189 5540 4789 3409 2589

100.0 46.0 6.3 5.5 3.9 3.0

15 16 8 17 9 18

19 16 13 4 29 16

22 29 14 23 2 18

Above 5 China Thailand Egypt United Arab Emirates Panama Belarus Kazakhstan Israel British Virgin Islands Korea, Republic of

56515 1958 1890 1535 1293 1197 1176 844 774 670 666

64.7 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8

13

19 8 12 27 17

38 105 47 31 3 34 -1 7 70 10

42 89 -49 50 12 15 10 22 4 0

Above 15

68518

78.5

-

-

-

59370 13460 10756 4050 2991 2320

100.0 22.7 18.1 6.8 5.0 3.9

12 11 14 7 11 22

22 28 16 19 11 3

18 17 25 27 22 30

Above 5 Indonesia Japan Hong Kong, China China Malaysia Fiji Switzerland Canada Viet Nam India

33577 2255 2148 2027 1822 1342 1253 1203 819 790 754

56.6 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.3

23 5 9 12 14 6 9 18 21

49 23 24 34 37 42 49 14 36 16

37 8 15 21 30 19 -18 14 23 26

Above 15

47989

80.8

-

-

-

Above 2

Hong Kong, China d World China United States Japan Chinese Taipei Above 4

... ... ...

World China United States Japan Chinese Taipei Above 4

... ... ...

Russian Federation e

...

8 20 ...

Australia World European Union (27) China United States New Zealand Singapore

World European Union (27) United States Singapore New Zealand Thailand

...

a ASEAN countries accounted for 8 per cent of total commercial services exports and 10 per cent of imports. b Does not include merchanting. The following transactions are not allocated geographically: travel exports and imports; financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading; imports of freight transportation services and, insurance on goods imports. Overall, they represent 19 per cent of commercial services exports, and 25 per cent of imports. c In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 9 per cent of total commercial services exports and 5 per cent of imports. d Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) are not allocated geographically. In 2011, they represented 1 per cent of exports, and 1 per cent of imports. e In 2011 trade in commercial services not allocated geographically accounted for 11 per cent of exports and 15 per cent of imports. Note: For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

34



5. Regional trade agreements Table I.16

Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination

Value 2012


Share 2005

NAFTA

2012

2011

Value

2012

2012


Share 2005

Other origin/destination

2012

2011

Value

2012

2012


Share 2005

2012

2011

2012

Exports Canada Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Mexico Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports United States Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports NAFTA Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports

63 149 211 455

11.4 25.7 57.2 100.0

13.8 32.7 46.3 100.0

15 27 10 17

4 -4 3 1

32 123 172 343

8.9 27.0 58.6 100.0

9.4 35.9 50.0 100.0

12 24 10 15

5 -2 5 2

31 26 39 112

25.5 18.6 49.6 100.0

27.4 23.0 34.9 100.0

19 41 9 23

4 -10 -2 -3

23 66 269 371

5.9 16.7 77.0 100.0

6.2 17.8 72.7 100.0

22 39 11 17

0 -5 9 6

17 47 224 299

5.5 15.2 78.8 100.0

5.8 15.8 75.1 100.0

20 35 9 14

-3 -12 9 5

5 19 45 72

8.1 27.4 64.2 100.0

7.6 26.1 62.7 100.0

31 55 24 31

8 20 9 12

172 187 1102 1546

9.2 5.6 81.0 100.0

11.1 12.1 71.3 100.0

18 44 11 16

2 1 5 4

48 58 386 508

7.8 6.7 82.8 100.0

9.4 11.4 76.0 100.0

17 47 12 16

4 -1 7 6

124 129 716 1037

10.0 5.0 80.0 100.0

12.0 12.4 69.0 100.0

18 43 10 16

1 2 4 4

258 402 1582 2371

9.3 12.1 74.6 100.0

10.9 17.0 66.7 100.0

18 36 11 16

2 -2 6 4

98 229 783 1151

7.7 16.2 73.0 100.0

8.5 19.9 68.0 100.0

16 32 11 15

3 -4 7 4

160 173 800 1221

11.3 7.1 76.8 100.0

13.1 14.2 65.5 100.0

19 44 11 17

2 1 4 3

39 67 350 475

6.8 12.0 78.9 100.0

8.2 14.0 73.6 100.0

14 34 11 15

4 -6 5 2

25 27 209 270

7.0 7.3 83.5 100.0

9.1 10.1 77.3 100.0

12 38 11 13

7 -2 5 4

14 39 141 205

6.6 19.4 71.5 100.0

7.0 19.1 68.7 100.0

18 31 12 18

-2 -8 4 0

28 44 297 380

7.4 8.0 83.5 100.0

7.3 11.6 78.2 100.0

24 42 12 16

-8 -6 8 5

22 34 139 201

10.2 9.6 79.9 100.0

10.9 17.2 69.2 100.0

24 53 12 20

-8 -3 8 6

6 10 159 180

3.8 5.8 88.2 100.0

3.2 5.4 88.2 100.0

27 17 12 13

-7 -15 7 5

142 486 1618 2336

5.5 19.4 71.5 100.0

6.1 20.8 69.3 100.0

18 28 11 15

3 -7 6 3

49 169 362 608

7.7 23.3 63.9 100.0

8.0 27.9 59.5 100.0

13 27 9 14

4 -3 8 4

93 317 1256 1727

4.7 18.0 74.3 100.0

5.4 18.3 72.7 100.0

20 29 12 15

3 -9 6 3

209 597 2265 3191

5.9 17.2 73.8 100.0

6.5 18.7 71.0 100.0

18 30 11 15

2 -7 6 3

95 231 709 1079

7.9 17.0 71.4 100.0

8.8 21.4 65.8 100.0

15 32 10 15

2 -3 7 4

113 366 1555 2112

4.8 17.3 75.0 100.0

5.4 17.3 73.6 100.0

20 29 12 15

2 -9 6 3


World

Imports Canada Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Mexico Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports United States Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports NAFTA Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports



35

Table I.17

Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

World

Destination


Share

Value 2012

2005

MERCOSUR

2012

2011

2012


Share

Value 2012

2005


2012

2011

Share

Value

2012


2012

2005

2012

2011

2012

Exports Argentina Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Brazil Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Paraguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Uruguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports MERCOSUR Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports

43 8 25 81

47.5 19.5 30.4 100.0

53.3 10.2 31.2 100.0

31 -1 20 23

-5 0 -4 -4

5 2 13 20

23.4 18.1 58.5 100.0

23.5 10.9 65.6 100.0

34 23 16 21

-5 -11 -3 -4

38 6 12 61

53.2 19.8 23.8 100.0

63.0 9.9 20.0 100.0

30 -4 25 24

-5 0 -6 -3

86 66 82 243

29.6 16.0 52.1 100.0

35.6 27.0 33.8 100.0

26 38 19 27

0 -16 -3 -5

1 3 19 23

5.7 7.7 86.5 100.0

6.2 12.1 81.6 100.0

19 59 19 24

-6 -30 -17 -18

85 63 63 220

32.2 16.9 48.3 100.0

38.7 28.6 28.8 100.0

26 17 19 27

0 0 3 -4

4 2 1 7

84.6 1.4 13.8 100.0

58.5 32.1 8.8 100.0

20 17 22 19

-12 -1 8 -6

1 2 0 4

84.1 2.1 13.8 100.0

25.8 63.6 10.4 100.0

11 16 29 16

62 -2 -5 9

3 0 0 4

85.2 0.5 13.8 100.0

89.7 1.9 7.2 100.0

22 306 10 22

-21 0 34 -17

6 0 2 9

63.4 5.3 29.6 100.0

73.8 1.4 22.9 100.0

18 -62 27 18

13 45 -2 11

1 0 1 2

34.8 4.1 61.2 100.0

43.5 3.6 52.9 100.0

6 -66 32 12

4 26 -9 -3

5 0 1 6

71.9 5.6 20.2 100.0

84.8 0.6 11.9 100.0

21 33 19 20

15 0 14 16

140 76 110 340

35.3 16.5 45.9 100.0

41.3 22.5 32.3 100.0

27 32 20 26

-1 -14 -3 -5

8 7 33 49

16.6 11.1 72.3 100.0

16.5 14.9 68.4 100.0

25 32 19 22

1 -17 -11 -11

132 69 77 291

38.0 17.3 42.0 100.0

45.5 23.7 26.3 100.0

27 15 20 26

-1 0 1 -3

2 11 55 69

4.3 8.4 86.3 100.0

3.6 15.8 79.6 100.0

21 89 23 31

-4 -10 -8 -7

1 2 16 19

5.5 10.1 84.4 100.0

4.6 9.3 86.1 100.0

17 38 21 23

-10 -39 -16 -19

2 9 38 50

3.6 7.3 87.7 100.0

3.2 18.3 77.1 100.0

23 113 25 35

0 0 -4 -2

14 49 171 233

5.9 22.2 71.9 100.0

5.9 20.9 73.1 100.0

25 36 20 24

-4 -6 0 -2

6 2 12 20

28.4 16.2 55.3 100.0

29.3 8.9 61.6 100.0

22 18 10 14

-2 -13 -5 -4

8 47 158 213

3.5 22.8 73.7 100.0

3.7 22.1 74.2 100.0

26 29 21 25

-5 0 0 -1

1 2 9 12

9.4 15.5 75.1 100.0

8.6 16.6 74.4 100.0

24 37 21 23

0 11 -11 -7

1 1 3 5

15.5 20.7 63.7 100.0

15.1 23.8 60.8 100.0

18 27 26 25

2 2 -14 -8

0 1 6 7

4.4 11.1 84.5 100.0

4.0 11.6 84.1 100.0

40 105 18 22

-6 0 -9 -5

1 3 7 12

11.2 25.9 62.9 100.0

11.3 27.6 61.0 100.0

37 29 21 24

-7 39 1 8

1 1 2 4

18.0 10.5 71.6 100.0

22.7 17.4 59.9 100.0

45 230 13 34

-7 -1 -7 -6

0 3 5 8

6.3 37.0 56.7 100.0

5.5 32.9 61.5 100.0

23 60 26 19

-9 0 6 17

18 65 241 325

5.8 18.6 75.4 100.0

5.7 20.0 74.1 100.0

25 43 21 25

-4 -5 -2 -3

8 5 34 48

14.8 13.0 72.2 100.0

17.5 11.2 71.1 100.0

23 37 17 20

-3 -20 -11 -11

10 59 207 277

3.6 20.0 76.1 100.0

3.6 21.5 74.6 100.0

26 39 22 26

-4 0 -1 -1

Imports Argentina Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Brazil Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Paraguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Uruguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports MERCOSUR Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports

36



Table I.18

Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

World Annual percentage change

Share

Value 2012

2005

2012

2011

2012


Share

Value 2012

2005


2012

2011

Share

Value

2012


2012

2005

2012

2011

2012

Exports Bolivia, Plurinational State of Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Colombia Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Ecuador Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Peru Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Andean Community Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports

2 8 1 11

22.0 64.2 10.9 100.0

13.6 72.5 4.9 100.0

6 37 -21 30

37 20 67 33

1 0 0 1

79.9 10.4 9.4 100.0

73.4 23.6 3.1 100.0

2 48 -7 15

102 6 21 64

1 8 1 10

14.8 70.9 11.1 100.0

6.4 78.3 5.1 100.0

9 37 -22 32

-5 21 72 30

7 40 10 60

21.7 40.6 34.7 100.0

11.0 66.7 17.0 100.0

22 61 13 44

-5 9 4 5

0 1 3 4

9.3 25.4 65.3 100.0

10.2 14.6 73.0 100.0

23 -9 16 12

10 11 5 9

6 40 8 57

23.1 42.2 31.4 100.0

11.1 70.1 13.3 100.0

22 63 11 47

-6 9 3 5

8 14 2 24

31.8 58.6 7.1 100.0

31.9 58.5 7.9 100.0

26 33 1 28

2 7 12 7

0 2 1 3

14.3 56.7 29.0 100.0

15.6 56.0 28.3 100.0

48 33 16 29

4 17 4 11

7 12 1 21

34.5 58.8 3.8 100.0

34.4 58.9 4.9 100.0

25 34 -11 27

2 6 21 6

8 23 5 46

18.2 48.6 14.1 100.0

16.8 50.6 11.5 100.0

33 29 28 30

-3 -2 6 -1

1 1 1 2

16.5 37.2 46.4 100.0

21.5 21.2 56.1 100.0

39 -1 22 18

11 -21 9 2

7 23 4 43

18.3 49.1 12.5 100.0

16.5 52.3 9.0 100.0

32 30 30 31

-4 -1 5 -2

23 85 18 141

22.5 48.1 21.0 100.0

16.6 60.6 12.7 100.0

26 44 14 35

0 7 7 5

2 3 5 10

16.8 35.8 47.4 100.0

21.6 29.4 47.9 100.0

26 16 17 18

32 6 6 12

21 82 13 130

23.1 49.3 18.5 100.0

16.2 63.0 9.9 100.0

26 45 13 37

-3 7 7 4

0 1 6 8

11.6 11.1 76.2 100.0

8.1 16.4 74.9 100.0

46 54 33 37

-3 20 6 8

0 0 1 1

15.8 4.5 79.3 100.0

13.5 6.2 79.6 100.0

100 4 25 32

-21 34 13 9

1 1 6 8

11.2 11.8 75.9 100.0

7.5 17.4 74.4 100.0

38 56 34 38

2 20 5 8

6 7 45 59

10.4 5.2 83.2 100.0

10.8 11.2 76.1 100.0

27 66 33 34

12 37 3 8

1 0 2 4

29.8 12.9 57.2 100.0

24.9 7.7 67.4 100.0

13 26 30 25

16 -28 -3 -1

6 6 43 56

9.0 4.7 85.1 100.0

9.9 11.4 76.6 100.0

30 70 33 35

11 43 4 9

2 6 17 25

8.7 12.3 72.3 100.0

8.7 23.6 67.4 100.0

23 38 15 18

-7 4 5 4

1 0 2 3

9.6 24.8 65.5 100.0

18.1 8.7 73.2 100.0

26 -21 15 10

5 -38 5 -1

2 6 15 22

8.6 9.8 73.7 100.0

7.3 25.8 66.5 100.0

22 48 16 19

-11 7 5 4

5 7 31 43

13.2 20.7 66.0 100.0

11.3 15.3 72.3 100.0

24 37 23 26

8 3 14 13

1 2 1 4

12.9 57.9 29.1 100.0

19.0 51.0 28.3 100.0

9 27 9 18

59 8 2 15

4 4 30 38

13.3 14.5 72.2 100.0

10.5 11.5 77.1 100.0

27 43 24 27

1 0 15 13

14 20 99 135

10.8 11.3 75.8 100.0

10.4 15.1 73.2 100.0

26 45 27 28

6 13 7 9

2 3 7 12

16.6 32.1 51.3 100.0

20.1 23.1 56.1 100.0

19 15 20 18

21 -4 2 5

12 18 92 123

10.1 8.7 78.9 100.0

9.5 14.4 74.8 100.0

28 53 27 29

4 17 7 9


Destination

Andean Community

Imports Bolivia, Plurinational State of Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Colombia Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Ecuador Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Peru Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Andean Community Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports



37

Table I.19

Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

World a Destination

Share

Value 2012

2005

ASEAN Annual percentage change

2012

2011

Value

2012

2012

Share 2005

Other origin/destination Annual percentage change

2012

2011

Value

2012

2012


Share 2005

2012

2011

2012

Exports Indonesia Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Malaysia Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Philippines Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Singapore Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Thailand Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports ASEAN Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports

45 75 67 188

16.7 36.1 46.9 100.0

23.7 39.6 35.6 100.0

32 34 15 27

-6 -11 -1 -6

7 17 17 41

12.6 24.5 62.1 100.0

17.8 41.2 40.1 100.0

23 39 9 24

-4 -1 5 0

37 58 50 147

17.6 38.8 43.5 100.0

25.4 39.2 34.3 100.0

34 33 17 28

-6 -13 -2 -8

34 52 140 227

9.5 14.6 74.9 100.0

14.9 22.7 61.6 100.0

36 30 6 15

-13 12 -1 0

7 15 38 61

6.9 19.5 72.1 100.0

11.5 25.2 62.5 100.0

34 18 7 12

2 26 3 8

27 36 102 166

10.4 12.9 75.9 100.0

16.2 21.7 61.2 100.0

36 36 6 16

-16 7 -3 -3

5 4 43 52

6.6 4.1 89.0 100.0

9.7 7.5 81.7 100.0

31 28 -12 -6

-6 -5 10 8

1 1 8 10

5.5 6.5 87.9 100.0

7.9 7.8 84.3 100.0

39 41 -35 -25

2 -40 25 14

4 3 34 42

6.8 3.6 89.3 100.0

10.2 7.4 81.1 100.0

30 22 -5 -1

-8 11 7 6

10 80 283 408

1.9 13.0 80.5 100.0

2.4 19.5 69.3 100.0

30 42 11 16

-3 -8 0 0

4 41 81 130

2.5 17.5 78.3 100.0

3.3 31.8 62.6 100.0

36 51 11 21

0 -1 1 1

6 38 202 278

1.7 10.9 81.5 100.0

2.0 13.7 72.4 100.0

25 35 11 14

-5 -14 -1 -1

42 18 163 230

16.0 5.5 76.0 100.0

18.3 7.8 70.8 100.0

35 33 10 15

-11 12 6 3

9 10 37 57

12.6 13.3 72.4 100.0

15.1 18.3 65.9 100.0

30 38 18 23

-4 10 5 5

33 8 125 173

17.0 3.4 77.0 100.0

19.4 4.4 72.4 100.0

36 27 7 13

-12 15 6 3

166 259 780 1253

9.5 16.1 72.1 100.0

13.2 20.7 62.2 100.0

33 36 11 18

-6 -2 3 1

33 96 191 325

6.9 20.0 71.7 100.0

10.3 29.5 58.9 100.0

29 37 10 18

0 4 4 4

132 163 588 928

10.4 14.8 72.2 100.0

14.3 17.6 63.4 100.0

34 35 11 18

-7 -6 3 0

21 49 119 190

8.8 25.7 65.4 100.0

10.9 25.5 62.3 100.0

43 45 23 30

-7 4 13 8

4 23 27 53

4.5 38.8 56.6 100.0

7.1 42.7 50.2 100.0

82 40 18 31

-14 3 10 5

17 26 92 137

10.8 19.5 69.7 100.0

12.4 18.8 67.1 100.0

35 50 25 30

-5 4 14 9

21 38 133 197

6.3 11.7 78.8 100.0

10.9 19.2 67.9 100.0

32 31 8 14

1 15 3 5

9 16 29 55

8.6 20.4 68.8 100.0

16.0 30.0 52.2 100.0

33 37 4 16

-2 12 4 6

13 21 105 142

5.5 8.7 82.2 100.0

8.9 15.0 74.0 100.0

31 27 9 13

4 18 2 5

7 16 42 65

7.8 15.6 76.4 100.0

11.1 24.8 63.6 100.0

3 22 7 9

3 9 -1 3

2 3 10 15

12.5 21.5 65.4 100.0

12.8 21.4 65.1 100.0

-28 -24 4 -8

-3 3 -2 -1

5 13 32 50

6.7 14.2 78.9 100.0

10.6 25.8 63.2 100.0

24 46 8 16

6 11 0 4

14 130 227 380

3.2 19.2 76.1 100.0

3.7 34.2 59.7 100.0

26 47 9 18

2 3 3 4

6 27 46 80

4.9 16.0 78.1 100.0

7.1 33.5 57.5 100.0

26 59 -5 5

4 2 1 2

8 103 181 300

2.6 20.4 75.4 100.0

2.8 34.3 60.3 100.0

27 44 13 22

0 3 4 4

17 57 163 248

6.0 21.6 69.5 100.0

6.8 23.0 65.8 100.0

27 34 17 25

11 6 14 8

3 13 26 43

6.4 28.4 61.2 100.0

7.4 29.8 62.1 100.0

30 31 15 20

19 9 7 9

14 44 136 205

5.9 20.0 71.5 100.0

6.7 21.5 66.5 100.0

26 35 17 26

9 5 16 8

97 312 781 1220

6.0 18.6 73.6 100.0

7.9 25.5 64.1 100.0

30 41 14 21

2 6 7 6

28 90 152 273

7.1 23.9 67.5 100.0

10.2 32.9 55.9 100.0

27 38 7 15

-2 4 3 3

69 222 629 947

5.6 16.8 75.6 100.0

7.3 23.4 66.4 100.0

31 42 16 23

4 6 8 7

Imports Indonesia Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Malaysia Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Philippines Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Singapore Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Thailand Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports ASEAN Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports

38



6. Least-developed countries Table I.20

Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

GDP

LDCs Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem. Rep. of Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Dem. Rep. Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia Sudan Tanzania Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Yemen Zambia

Goods and commercial services

Commercial services

Goods

2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

683100 18034 104116 111906 7295 1834 10396 2356 12830 2166 10581 610 15654 1239 16807 2608 31709 898 5096 968 7346 167 8227 2525 1545 9912 5621 10656 4273 12568 51444 18977 6017 6354 634 248 14448 2939 867 ... 64053 23874 1091 3686 36 16822 786 31725 19204

32 ... 86 16 17 31 10 6 63 11 59 14 35 19 86 ... 14 30 30 16 13 14 27 49 39 25 22 26 31 31 33 14 17 8 30 14 26 16 34 ... 19 21 ... 37 ... 17 44 40 34

34 ... 65 23 24 41 25 6 57 10 ... 15 63 20 92 ... 18 35 30 25 13 ... 29 48 65 27 29 26 66 30 17 9 23 13 29 12 24 19 63 ... 15 31 6 40 10 25 44 31 47

28 ... 85 15 13 26 9 5 46 9 58 4 33 6 86 ... 7 17 29 16 11 5 20 46 24 17 20 21 29 27 31 11 14 5 3 6 18 11 25 ... 18 12 ... 30 ... 11 10 38 31

30 ... 65 22 19 36 21 5 41 9 44 4 61 7 91 72 9 18 28 23 10 4 23 46 42 16 27 22 63 25 16 5 21 7 2 4 17 13 48 ... 15 21 3 30 1 15 9 27 45

3 ... 1 1 4 5 1 1 17 1 1 10 1 13 0 ... 6 13 1 1 2 9 7 2 15 8 2 5 3 5 2 3 2 3 27 8 8 5 9 ... 0 9 ... 7 8 5 34 2 3

4 ... 1 1 5 4 3 1 17 1 ... 10 2 12 0 ... 8 17 1 2 3 ... 6 2 24 11 1 4 4 5 1 4 2 6 27 7 7 5 15 ... 0 10 3 10 9 10 36 3 2

69981900

29

32

23

26

5

6


Ratio to GDP

Value

Memorandum item: World

Note: Trade in goods is derived from balance of payments statistics and does not correspond to the merchandise trade statistics given elsewhere in this report. See the Metadata.



39

Table I.21

Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports Value

Imports


Value


2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

205937

14

27

25

1

224344

14

10

23

8

Angola Equatorial Guinea Yemen Sudan Myanmar Chad Bhutan

74000 15500 8600 3368 8900 4400 610

17 12 6 -5 13 5 13

24 10 34 38 30 25 29

33 35 29 -15 7 31 5

10 15 -20 -65 -4 -4 -10

24000 7500 12000 9475 9201 2800 1090

16 28 12 5 25 17 16

-26 0 1 4 9 20 61

21 25 8 -8 89 13 23

19 15 20 3 2 4 4

Exporters of manufactures Bangladesh Cambodia Madagascar Lesotho Nepal Haiti Samoa

25113 8200 1500 1100 911 815 76

15 15 8 8 1 8 -2

27 23 2 20 4 0 53

27 36 48 34 7 32 -6

3 17 -6 -6 -1 6 15

34131 11000 3050 2600 6063 3170 346

14 16 9 9 15 12 5

27 16 -21 24 17 48 34

30 37 15 9 12 -4 12

-6 18 5 4 5 5 0

Exporters of agriculture Ethiopia Uganda Burkina Faso Benin Malawi Togo Rwanda Somalia Solomon Islands Liberia Afghanistan Guinea-Bissau Central African Republic Burundi Gambia Vanuatu Comoros Kiribati Sao Tome and Principe

3000 2357 2183 1400 1184 1000 591 540 493 459 370 130 210 134 100 55 19 6 11

19 16 25 13 13 6 25 12 25 20 -1 5 7 13 43 5 7 4 7

44 3 76 5 -10 0 27 7 36 49 -4 4 17 50 -47 -14 38 -38 34

23 33 48 10 34 22 56 16 86 65 -3 82 36 22 171 38 22 121 0

4 9 -7 -1 -17 -9 27 4 19 25 -2 -43 11 8 6 -19 -25 -32 1

12656 6044 3150 2200 2724 1850 2408 1100 495 1066 5500 250 320 751 380 297 273 109 131

17 17 14 12 13 8 26 8 15 19 12 13 9 16 6 10 16 6 15

12 10 10 -1 7 6 9 12 51 29 54 -3 11 26 -6 -3 11 9 9

3 21 17 7 12 13 24 31 15 47 24 32 3 48 21 7 19 26 17

42 7 31 0 12 3 36 0 6 2 -14 -4 3 0 11 -3 -1 18 0

Exporters of non-fuel minerals Zambia Congo, Dem. Rep. of Tanzania Mozambique Mauritania Lao People's Dem. Rep. Mali Guinea Niger Eritrea Sierra Leone

8600 6300 5500 4100 2641 2269 2164 1300 1500 480 1109

25 15 18 13 23 22 10 6 17 71 32

67 51 36 40 52 66 13 40 15 9 48

25 25 17 20 34 27 20 -3 9 … 2

-4 -5 16 14 -5 2 -10 -9 20 20 217

8200 6100 11346 6800 3170 2467 2941 2300 2900 1000 1572

18 12 19 16 12 16 10 16 17 11 24

39 15 23 22 29 41 38 33 13 17 48

35 22 37 37 27 16 -1 50 9 29 123

14 11 5 8 28 3 -13 9 7 12 -8

Others Senegal Djibouti Tuvalu Timor-Leste

2532 95 0 12

7 13 25 6

7 10 0 96

18 9 0 -28

0 2 0 0

6434 580 25 380

9 11 10 20

1 -17 14 1

24 37 56 14

9 14 0 12

18401000

8

22

20

0

18601000

8

21

19

1

LDCs Oil Exporters a

Memorandum item: World b a Bhutan is included for its exports of electric current. b Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note : Data for 2012 are largely estimated.

40



Table I.22

Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (27), Asia and North America from the leastdeveloped countries, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27)

2012

2011

North America

Value

2012

2012

Annual percentage change 2011

Value

2012

2012


2012

A. Agricultural products Total LDCs Ethiopia Uganda Tanzania Bangladesh Madagascar Malawi Senegal Mozambique Mauritania Zambia Togo Others (37)

4845 689 510 431 398 334 325 317 307 191 145 119 931

32 42 23 26 19 4 3 45 55 61 49 44 40

-16 -15 -15 -12 -11 5 2 -31 -2 8 -14 -70 -25

Total LDCs Myanmar Tanzania Lao People's Dem. Rep. Bangladesh Benin Solomon Islands Mali Ethiopia Mozambique Burkina Faso Cambodia Others (37)

10041 2634 730 522 498 487 468 443 423 359 355 353 2695

31 7 14 74 50 91 29 91 -3 19 47 44 51

6 5 19 15 -15 17 3 65 25 0 -7 29 -5

Total LDCs Liberia Ethiopia Bangladesh Malawi Madagascar Tanzania Uganda Haiti Rwanda Mozambique Congo, Dem. Rep. of Others (37)

773 180 122 89 65 61 55 36 32 31 17 10 67

10 22 16 -22 -17 -9 56 1 43 56 -61 43 62

-8 -8 -14 -16 16 58 15 -15 -1 -3 21 23 -46

18796 8531 6298 1283 569 508 504 248 140 706

65 80 85 -9 45 -3 57 395 -55 98

-5 -5 16 -14 -37 6 -4 -29 101 -55

Total LDCs Angola Yemen Equatorial Guinea Myanmar Congo, Dem. Rep. of Zambia Lao People's Dem. Rep. Mauritania Others (40)

79879 47695 6503 5545 3828 3532 3079 1635 1471 3862

25 19 5 152 18 22 5 47 53 35

7 30 2 51 10 14 0 3 -3 -74

Total LDCs Angola Chad Equatorial Guinea Guinea Yemen Niger Madagascar Togo Others (40)

17343 11853 2820 2068 207 96 77 75 47 100

16 18 54 -38 10 209 … 56 -100 -2

-24 -27 -13 20 24 -84 -73 37 … -85

17332 11418 2189 567 549 435 405 283 219 219 157 135 131 121 470

36 36 47 152 52 … 31 84 19 42 4 -53 105 5 4

5 -1 28 111 40 102 -5 -16 10 8 -19 4 -11 18 -27

Total LDCs Bangladesh Myanmar Cambodia Senegal Nepal Angola Lao People's Dem. Rep. Bhutan Ethiopia Tanzania Liberia Madagascar Yemen Others (35)

5858 2155 1072 956 336 240 214 161 148 76 71 60 44 42 251

68 59 165 36 109 0 … 28 8 113 58 56 82 65 44

10 29 -25 66 2 -41 84 43 -11 10 17 263 -9 -23 -9

Total LDCs Bangladesh Cambodia Haiti Lesotho Malawi Equatorial Guinea Nepal Angola Madagascar Tanzania Lao People's Dem. Rep. Zambia Congo, Dem. Rep. of Others (35)

11258 6057 3386 785 330 113 112 97 95 63 49 32 31 25 82

18 16 22 33 24 72 -13 22 26 -29 4 -13 33 -16 4

0 0 2 5 -19 -18 -13 3 -44 5 208 -45 185 103 -1

I World TRADE DEVELOPMENTS

Value

Asia a Annual percentage change

B. Fuels and mining products Total LDCs Angola Equatorial Guinea Mozambique Mauritania Guinea Congo, Dem. Rep. of Zambia Liberia Others (40) C. Manufactures Total LDCs Bangladesh Cambodia Angola Niger Equatorial Guinea Madagascar Lesotho Central African Republic Dem. Rep. of the Congo Myanmar Liberia Ethiopia Sierra Leone Others (35)

a Australia, China, Hong Kong, China; India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Republic of; Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Chinese Taipei and Thailand.



41

Table I.23

Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value Commercial services

Least developed countries Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem. Rep. of Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Dem. Rep. Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia Sudan Tanzania Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Yemen Zambia

Share in commercial services Transportation services

Travel

Other commercial services

2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

25500 … 732 1388 332 80 351 20 2140 32 … 64 326 152 32 … 2598 153 71 17 193 … 526 43 365 1090 75 378 151 633 580 775 137 352 171 18 1013 160 129 … 306 2319 28 367 3 1614 282 1091 375

22.9 … 10.2 23.8 18.3 … 2.1 25.6 11.9 … … 12.1 12.0 79.1 … … 59.0 19.4 34.4 10.6 … 41.1 17.7 2.5 13.6 28.2 46.0 13.8 … 28.3 50.4 12.0 10.1 36.1 4.2 1.6 18.4 14.9 21.8 … 3.4 18.3 … 55.0 12.5 2.3 19.0 16.1 41.4

21.3 … 3.6 19.7 … 37.0 … 12.2 12.9 … … 5.5 35.1 76.6 … … 60.9 28.8 6.5 … … … 8.8 1.7 36.1 39.8 35.9 … … 34.3 29.9 5.2 … 13.9 4.4 1.1 … 18.6 20.8 … 6.5 21.9 2.6 … … 10.0 11.7 18.4 45.5

52.6 … 49.9 14.8 57.7 … 71.2 22.2 78.9 … … 61.0 3.3 7.5 … … 21.3 70.8 … 34.9 89.6 31.8 75.4 84.8 82.9 43.7 45.0 58.5 … 41.1 28.5 48.4 51.2 58.6 69.7 81.2 35.1 81.9 4.2 … 88.7 67.8 … 14.0 57.2 77.8 63.4 63.3 47.5

44.7 … 88.3 6.2 … 59.0 … 12.7 75.5 … … 65.6 3.5 12.6 … … 29.2 62.6 3.0 … 84.0 … 77.3 59.6 63.6 38.1 44.9 … … 36.5 48.3 49.4 … 71.5 78.5 88.5 … 27.7 55.2 … 60.5 62.8 74.0 … … 58.9 80.1 71.7 39.0

24.5 … 39.9 61.4 24.0 … 26.7 52.2 9.1 … … 27.0 84.7 13.4 … … 19.7 9.9 65.6 54.5 10.4 27.1 6.9 12.7 3.5 28.2 8.9 27.6 … 30.6 21.1 39.6 38.7 5.3 26.1 17.2 46.5 3.2 73.9 … 7.9 13.9 … 31.0 30.3 20.0 17.6 20.6 11.1

34.0 … 8.1 74.1 … 3.9 … 75.1 11.6 … … 29.0 61.4 10.8 … … 10.0 8.6 90.5 … 16.0 … 13.9 38.7 0.3 22.1 19.3 … … 29.2 21.7 45.4 … 14.5 17.0 10.4 … 53.7 24.0 … 33.0 15.3 23.4 … … 31.2 8.2 9.9 15.5

4258300

23

21

28

25

50

54

Memorandum item: World

Note: The improvement of the quality of data in recent years may have resulted in changes relating to the breakdown of exports of commercial services by category of services. See the Metadata.

42



7. Foreign affiliates statistics Table I.24

Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services activities (inward FATS), 2005-2010 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


2009

74.6

61.7

AT

Austria a

57.3

BG

Bulgaria b

...

CN

China a

...

HR

Croatia c

...

CY

Cyprus

0.5

0.7

...

CZ

Czech Republic d

42.9

55.3

47.9 |

DK

Denmark c

35.9

41.5

36.3

2010

2005-2010

2008

2009

2010

...

…

30

-17

…

6.6 |

5.3

…

…

…

…

134.0

...

...

…

…

…

…

4.7

...

4.7

…

…

…

… …

6.2 |

...

…

41

…

42.0

8

29

-13

…

...

…

15

-12

…

EE

Estonia e

2.5

3.5

2.5

…

40

-12

…

FI

Finland

19.8

21.5

18.8

17.8

…

9

-13

-5

FR

France

...

250.0

238.9

223.3

…

…

-4

-7

DE

Germany

...

331.7

248.3

251.6

…

…

-25

1

HK

Hong Kong, China a, f

142.0

139.2

141.9

143.9

9

-2

2

1

26.5

32.9

29.3

26.7

…

24

-11

-9

5.4

6.0

8.7

...

…

10

45

…

3.1 |

HU

Hungary

IN

India a, g, h

IE

Ireland c

...

56.1

60.9

61.1

…

…

9

0

IL

Israel g

8.5

11.2

10.9

...

…

31

-3

…

IT

Italy c, i

114.2

128.3

114.8

116.6

8

12

-11

2

JP

Japan h, j

...

19.0

86.2

…

…

-12

…

16.8 |

LV

Latvia

3.1

3.7

3.1

3.3

21

18

-15

6

LT

Lithuania

...

4.8

3.7

3.6

…

…

-24

-3

LU

Luxembourg c, k

...

...

8.3

10.9

…

…

…

31

MT

Malta c

...

1.0

...

...

…

…

…

…

NL

Netherlands

...

107.3

95.0

101.7

…

…

-11

7

NO

Norway c

32.6

40.0

31.3

35.9

8

23

-22

14

PL

Poland a, c

PT

Portugal l

RO

Romania

SK

...

37.9

29.8

36.0

…

…

-21

21

18.8

18.2

20.0

19.2

…

-3

10

-4

...

21.9

20.3

19.5

…

…

-7

-4

Slovak Republic d

8.8

12.0

11.0 |

9.0

…

36

-8

…

SI

Slovenia

2.1

2.6

2.6

2.8

18

23

1

6

ES

Spain

...

117.7

113.8

111.7

…

…

-3

-2

SE

Sweden c, m

65.6

63.9

52.8

59.2

5

-3

-17

12

TH

Thailand a

...

...

...

21.4

…

…

…

…

GB

United Kingdom n

...

US

United States a

897.2

376.9 |

368.5 |

315.7

…

…

…

…

874.6

751.6

728.2

…

-3

-14

-3


2007

Memorandum item: E27

European Union (27) c, o

...

...

1305.9

...

…

…

…

…

GX

Extra-EU (27) c, k, p, q

...

...

475.4

...

…

…

…

…

Excluding wholesale and retail trade as well as repair activities. Unless otherwise specified: - all or a large part of financial service activities are excluded; - all or a large part of community, social and personal services activities are excluded; - insurance activities and/or activities auxiliary to financial and insurance activities are included. Some growth rates for 2008 may be affected by the change of reporting of data in ISIC Revision 4, as compared to ISIC Revision 3.1 previously. a Financial service activities are included. b Financial intermediation activities are included in 2009. c Insurance activities and activities auxiliary to financial and insurance activities are not covered. d Financial intermediation activities are included up to 2009. e Insurance activities and activities auxiliary to financial and insurance activities are not covered in 2010. f Includes other income. g Output instead of sales. h Fiscal year as reference period. i Community, social and personal services activities are included. j No estimation for non-response. Real estate activities are not covered. Financial service activities are covered starting 2010. Also includes affiliates foreign controlled by more than 30 per cent. k Excludes real estate and administrative activities. l Excludes information and communication services in 2008. m Community, social and personal activities included in 2007. n Insurance activities included in 2009. o Excludes real estate activities. p Refers to the sales by foreign affiliates which are established in the EU (27) and controlled by non-EU (27) entities. q Administrative and support service activities are not included. As a comparison, for the European Union (27) aggregate as a whole the value of sales excluding administrative and support activities was 1070 billion dollars in 2009. Note : Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata.



43

Table I.25

§

Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged in services activities (outward FATS), 2005-2010 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value 2007 Australia a Austria b Belgium b Canada c, d Cyprus Czech Republic e

2008


2010

2005-2010

2008

2009

2010

...

...

23.3

...

…

…

…

…

30.9

36.6

33.8

37.2

…

19

-8

10 -12

...

...

26.5

23.3

…

…

…

117.1

121.6

121.0

129.3

10

4

0

7

3.9

4.8

2.8

3.1

…

21

-41

9

0.3

0.7

0.5

0.4

…

121

-31

-12

Finland

24.2

20.8

22.8

30.1

…

-14

10

32

France

362.2

...

401.1

431.0

…

…

…

7

Germany

482.7

523.2

488.7

505.2

…

8

-7

3

Greece f

3.9

4.7

4.1

3.0

-3

21

-11

-27

Hungary g

1.3

3.1

3.4

2.3

…

135

7

-31 …

Israel b, c, g Italy Japan h Korea, Republic of c, g

2.7

4.0

3.6

...

…

48

-8

159.1

161.2

189.0

179.4

…

1

17

-5

...

53.3

49.2

41.2

…

…

-8

-16

...

...

20.9

...

…

…

…

…

0.2

...

0.5

0.4

…

…

…

-22

Lithuania

...

0.1

0.2

0.2

…

…

12

38

Luxembourg i

...

...

2.4

3.6

…

…

…

51

0.3

0.4

0.2

...

…

22

-50

…

Norway g

...

35.4

30.7

29.8

…

…

-13

-3

Poland k

...

...

5.7

2.4

…

…

…

-58 -21

Latvia f

Malta j

Portugal g

...

66.3

22.8

17.9

…

…

-66

Slovak Republic c, g

...

...

...

0.3

…

…

…

…

Slovenia

...

1.7

0.9

...

…

…

-46

…

Spain k

...

...

154.8

164.7

…

…

…

6

Sweden f

...

121.5

92.8

91.7

…

…

-24

-1

United Kingdom

...

United States l

895.3

... 865.9 |

562.7

800.1

…

…

…

42

1072.5

1082.7

…

-3

…

1

1567.1

1312.9

…

…

…

-16

Memorandum item: Extra - EU (27) m

...

...

Excluding wholesale and retail trade and repair activities. a Refers to fiscal year 2009. Financial and insurance affiliates only. b Classified under services according to activity of parent company. c Financial service activities are excluded. d Branches are excluded. e Only the first level of indirect ownership is covered. f Only includes affiliates directly owned. g Part or all community, social and personal services are not covered. h Fiscal year as reference period. No estimation for non-response. Excludes affiliates of mother companies active in finance, insurance and real estate. Also includes controlled affiliates by more than 10 per cent. i Only transport, communication, insurance and other business activities are covered. j Includes wholesale and retail trade and repair activities. k Excludes financial service activities in 2009. l Up to 2008, data only cover non-bank foreign affiliates. Secretariat estimate for 2010. m Refers to the sales of affiliates which are established outside the EU (27) and controlled by EU (27) entities. Note : Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata.

44



Table I.26

Services supplied by United States affiliates established abroad (outward FATS) and by foreign affiliates in the United States (inward FATS) by economy of affiliate, 2010 (Million dollars and percentage)

Supply of services abroad

2010

World European Union (27) Canada Japan Switzerland Australia Above 5 Singapore Mexico Hong Kong, China Brazil China Bermuda India Korea, Republic of Taipei, Chinese Chile Above 15

Share


2010 2005-201

Value

2009

2010

1130505 499049 117253 69771 59162 45150

100.0 44.1 10.4 6.2 5.2 4.0

7 5 8 5 8 12

-4 -9 -3 9 -13 -2

5 0 9 3 8 20

790385 40069 34391 30740 29887 28532 14424 14238 10679 9470 8381

69.9 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7

17 5 8 9 28 14 23 7 2 …

-2 -6 2 13 25 … 34 -8 -23 -2

20 14 7 21 24 -3 9 7 10 28

1011196

89.2

-

-

-

Share


2010

2010 2005-20

685720 382183 95969 68887 50009 19328

100.0 55.7 14.0 10.0 7.3 2.8

Above 5 Australia Korea, Republic of India Mexico Singapore Hong Kong, China Taipei, Chinese Israel Norway Brazil

616376 12435 10018 7314 4776 4568 3333 2043 1919 1299 1269

Above 15

665350

World European Union (27) Japan Canada Switzerland Bermuda

2009

2010

4 3 2 4 9 …

-4 -4 -9 -2 19 -27

4 3 9 2 10 -10

89.8 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

19 31 24 7 16 5 -11 6 4 10

10 -2 8 5 … … -6 -4 -25 …

-5 44 3 44 5 6 6 5 -6 27

97.0

-

-

-


Value

Supply of services in the United States

Note: This information refers to supply of services products to foreigners by United States owned affiliates and supply of services products to United States persons by affiliates foreign owned. This differs from the FATS data presented for the United States in the tables I.24 and I.25 which refer to sales of foreign affiliates operating in the services sector. For instance the latter include sales of goods of foreign affiliates whose primary activity is classified as a service industry but not the supply of services of those whose primary activity is classified as a manufacturing industry.



45

II. Merchandise trade World merchandise trade grew by 2 per cent in volume terms in 2012 against a backdrop of weak global demand and declining prices. This is significantly less than the 5 per cent increase recorded in 2011. Key developments in 2012: a snapshot

48

Trade data

57 57

1. Overview

59

2. Agricultural products

64

3. Fuels and mining products

75

4. Manufactures

80


List of tables



47

Asia’s exports of manufactured goods rose to US$ 4.4 trillion in 2012 Merchandise exports by region and product, 2012 (US$ billion)

5%

decline in Europe’s exports of manufactured goods in 2012

Where to find more: www.wto.org/its2013: Table A10

48



t The value of Asia’s exports of manufactured goods expanded by 3 per cent in 2012 whereas Europe’s exports declined by 2 per cent. As a result, Asia’s share in world exports of manufactured goods rose to 38 per cent, compared with 41 per cent for Europe down from 43 per cent in 2011. t With the exception of the Commonwealth of Independent States (+15 per cent) and North America (+3 per cent), all regions registered declines in exports of agricultural products in 2012. t Africa and the Middle East increased their exports of fuels and mining products in 2012, by 9 per cent and 6 per cent respectively.


Manufactured goods Fuels and mining products Agricultural products All figures are in US$ billion

12%

share of South and Central America in world exports of agricultural products in 2012



49

Volume of merchandise exports expanded moderately in 2012 t Growth in the volume of merchandise exports in 2012 was the lowest for the last two decades, excluding the recession-led contractions in 2001 and 2009. All major product groups recorded roughly the same growth rates.

Volume of world merchandise exports by product group, 2000–2012

3% Increase in export volume of fuels and mining products in 2012

2% Increase in export volume of manufactured goods in 2012


50



Ores and other minerals record sharpest decline in value t The strongest growth in the value of merchandise exports was recorded by personal and household goods (+10 per cent). Fuels had the next highest growth (+5 per cent). Exports of other product groups remained relatively stable or even went down. Sharp declines in export value were registered for ores and other minerals (–10 per cent), agricultural raw materials (–9 per cent) and iron and steel (–8 per cent). t Fuels increased its share in world merchandise exports from 9 per cent in 2000 to almost 19 per cent in 2012. The share of machinery and transport equipment in world exports shrank from 42 per cent in 2000 to 32 per cent in 2012. This was mostly due to the steady decline in the prices of office and telecom equipment.

World merchandise exports by product group, 2012 II MERCHANDISE TRADE

World exports of ores and other minerals in 2012

US$ 396 bn

9 Percentage points increase in the share of fuels in world exports between 2000 and 2012

Where to find more: Table II.1



51

World exports of agricultural products stagnate t World exports of agricultural products stagnated at US$ 1,657 billion in 2012, mainly as a result of depressed prices. Prices of food dropped by 0.4 per cent while those of agricultural raw materials increased modestly by 1.6 per cent. t Half of the top ten exporters of agricultural products registered growth in 2012. Canada, with a 4.5 per cent increase, achieved the highest growth. Malaysia and Thailand, however, experienced declines of 12.7 per cent and 11.7 per cent respectively. t World food exports, which accounted for 83 per cent of agricultural exports in 2012, expanded by 1.1 per cent, to US$ 1,375 billion. The value of non-food agricultural products fell to US$ 281 billion from US$ 300 billion in 2011 (–6.3 per cent).

Major exporters of agricultural products, 2012

EU exports of food in 2012

US$ 522 bn

13% Decrease in Malaysia’s exports of agricultural products in 2012

Where to find more: Tables II.15 and II.20

52



China becomes secondlargest importer of fuels and mining products t EU imports of fuels and mining products amounted to US$ 1,034 billion in 2012, approximately the same value as the previous year. China expanded its imports of fuels and mining products by 3.4 per cent to US$ 533 billion, overtaking the United States as the second-largest importer. US imports of fuel fell by 7.1 per cent due to a sharp increase in domestic production of crude oil. t Among the top importers of fuels, India increased its imports by the most (+18 per cent) in 2012, followed by China (+14 per cent). t China’s imports of non-fuel mining products fell by 8 per cent in 2012 and the European Union’s imports dropped by 17 per cent. As a result, the value of China’s imports (US$ 221 billion) is very close to the European Union’s (US$ 228 billion). In 2011, the difference was much greater (US$ 241 billion vs. US$ 274 billion).


Major importers of fuels and mining products, 2012

China’s imports of fuels and mining products in 2012

US$ 533 bn

13% Share of the United States in world fuel imports in 2012




53

EU share in exports of automotive products falls below 50% t In 2012, the share of the European Union in world exports of automotive products fell below 50 per cent (down from 51 per cent in 2011) for the first time since 2001. t Among the top ten exporters of automotive products, the greatest declines in 2012 were recorded by Brazil (–9.5 per cent), the European Union (–7 per cent) and Turkey (–5.4 per cent). The other members of the top ten posted remarkable growth. Recovering from the 2011 flooding, Thailand recorded the highest growth (32.8 per cent). Mexico overtook the Republic of Korea as the fourth-largest exporter, returning to the position it had occupied in 2010.

Major exporters of automotive products, 2012

47% Share of EU exports in world exports of automotive products

11% Increase in US exports of automotive products in 2012


54



Exports of office and telecom equipment decline for most countries t The share of office and telecom equipment in world merchandise exports remained at 9 per cent in 2012. Seven of the ten top exporters of office and telecom equipment experienced negative growth, ranging from –0.6 per cent for the United States to –8.5 per cent for the European Union. However, notable increases in exports were registered by China (8.7 per cent), Hong Kong, China (8.2 per cent) and Mexico (6.1 per cent). t China’s share in world exports of electronic data processing (EDP) and office equipment increased to 41 per cent in 2012 from 39 per cent in 2011. t The European Union’s share in world exports of integrated circuits and electronic components fell to 11 per cent in 2012 from 14 per cent in 2011.

Major exporters of office and telecom equipment, 2012 II MERCHANDISE TRADE

8.7% Increase in China’s exports of office and telecom equipment in 2012

41% Share of China in world exports of EDP and office equipment




55

Exports of textiles and clothing fall below 2011 value t World exports of textiles and clothing stagnated in 2012. Half of the top ten exporters achieved export growth (between 0.2 and 7.5 per cent) but the other half recorded declines varying between –2.3 and –8.0 per cent. The highest growth in exports (7.5 per cent) was achieved by Viet Nam. t China continues to be the leading exporter of textiles and clothing. Its share in world exports increased to 33 per cent for textiles (up from 32 per cent in 2011) and to 38 per cent for clothing (up from 37 per cent). t The European Union and the United States remain the major markets for clothing, accounting for 38 per cent and 20 per cent respectively of world imports in 2012.

Major exporters of textiles & clothing, 2012

8% Decrease in EU exports of textiles and clothing in 2012

US$ 708 bn World exports of textiles and clothing in 2012

Where to find more: Tables II.64 and II.69

56



List of tables II. Merchandise trade by product 59 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 62 63 63

2. Agricultural products Table II.13 Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2012 Table II.14 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2012 Table II.15 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2012 Table II.16 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2012 Table II.17 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2012

64 65 67 68 69

2.1 Food Table II.18 Table II.19 Table II.20 Table II.21 Table II.22

70 71 72 73 74

Exports of food of regions by destination, 2012 Imports of food of selected economies by origin, 2012 Leading exporters and importers of food, 2012 Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2012 Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2012

3. Fuels and mining products Table II.23 Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2012

75

3.1 Fuels Table II.24 Table II.25 Table II.26 Table II.27

76 77 78 79

Imports of fuels of selected economies by origin, 2012 Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2005 and 2012 Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2012 Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2012

4. Manufactures Table II.28 Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2012 Table II.29 Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (27) and China by origin and destination, 2012 Table II.30 Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2012 Table II.31 Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2012 Table II.32 Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2012 Table II.33 Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2012

81 82 84 85 86

4.1 Iron and steel Table II.34 Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 Table II.35 Imports of iron and steel of the European Union (27) and the United States by origin, 2012 Table II.36 Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2012

87 88 89



1. Overview Table II.1 World merchandise exports by major product group, 2012 Table II.2 World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2012 Table II.3 Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2012 Table II.4 Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2012 Table II.5 Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2012 Table II.6 Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2012 Table II.7 Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012 Table II.8 Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012 Table II.9 Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012 Table II.10 Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012 Table II.11 Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012 Table II.12 Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012

80


57

58

4.2 Chemicals Table II.37 Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 Table II.38 Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2012 Table II.39 Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2012

90 91 92

4.3 Office Table II.40 Table II.41 Table II.42 Table II.43 Table II.44

and telecom equipment Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2012 Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012

93 94 96 97 98

4.3.1 EDP Table II.45 Table II.46 Table II.47 Table II.48

equipment Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2012 Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012

99 101 102 103

4.3.2 Table Table Table Table

Telecommunications equipment II.49 Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 II.50 Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2012 II.51 Exports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 II.52 Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies , 1990-2012

104 106 107 108

4.3.3 Table Table Table Table

Integrated circuits and electronic components II.53 Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2012 II.54 Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2012 II.55 Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2012 II.56 Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2012

109 111 112 113

4.4 Automotive products Table II.57 Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 Table II.58 Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2012 Table II.59 Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2012 Table II.60 Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2012 Table II.61 Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2012

114 115 117 118 119

4.5 Textiles Table II.62 Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 Table II.63 Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2012 Table II.64 Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2012 Table II.65 Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2012 Table II.66 Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2012

120 121 124 125 126

4.6 Clothing Table II.67 Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 Table II.68 Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2012 Table II.69 Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2012 Table II.70 Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2012

127 128 130 131

Table II.71

132

Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2012



1. Overview Table II.1

World merchandise exports by major product group, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


in world merchandise trade

1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-12

2010

2011

2012

Agricultural products

1657

9.2

-2

9

7

-1

9

10

15

22

0

Fuels and mining products

4139

23.1

-5

3

2

10

16

13

33

35

2

3375

18.8

-5

0

1

12

17

13

30

37

5

11490

64.1

2

15

9

5

9

7

19

15

0

486

2.7

-2

9

8

-2

17

6

30

25

-8

Chemicals

1957

10.9

1

14

10

4

14

9

17

17

-2

Office and telecom equipment

1674

9.3

9

18

15

10

6

4

22

4

-1

Automotive products

1295

7.2

5

14

8

5

10

5

29

18

1

286

1.6

-1

15

8

0

6

5

19

17

-3

Fuels Manufactures Iron and steel

Textiles Clothing

2.4

4

18

8

5

7

6

12

18

1

1385

7.7

-

-

-

-

10

11

16

22

1

Non-agricultural goods (NAMA)

16546

92.3

-

-

-

-

10

8

22

20

0

a. See metadata (Chapter V, Section 2.1.2) for the definition of Agricultural products (AoA).




423

Agricultural products (AoA) a

59

Table II.2

World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Agricultural products

Fuels and mining products

Total World

Fuels

Iron and steel

Total

Chemicals

Office and telecom equipment

Automotive products

Textiles

Clothing

1657

4139

3375

11490

486

1957

1674

1295

286

423

Share in total exports

9.2

23.1

18.8

64.1

2.7

10.9

9.3

7.2

1.6

2.4

Annual percentage change 2005-12

10

13

13

7

6

9

4

5

5

6

2011 2012

22 0

35 2

37 5

15 0

25 -8

17 -2

4 -1

18 1

17 -3

18 1

North America

258

402

305

1582

33

259

214

270

18

11


10.9

17.0

12.9

66.7

1.4

10.9

9.0

11.4

0.7

0.5

9 18 2

12 36 -2

13 41 1

5 11 6

7 16 0

8 11 -1

3 3 1

5 17 12

1 12 -1

-3 9 2

Annual percentage change 2005-12 2011 2012 South and Central America

205

320

199

199

19

50

6

25

4

16


27.4

42.6

26.5

26.6

2.6

6.7

0.8

3.4

0.6

2.1

12 26 -1

12 33 -3

11 39 4

7 23 0

3 43 -7

12 29 2

-3 4 -2

6 19 -6

4 11 -3

1 16 2

Annual percentage change 2005-12 2011 2012 Europe

657

840

624

4734

197

1040

357

634

82

127


10.3

13.2

9.8

74.1

3.1

16.3

5.6

9.9

1.3

2.0

7 18 -2

11 33 2

11 36 8

4 16 -5

4 26 -13

7 14 -4

-1 3 -8

3 21 -7

0 14 -9

3 16 -6

Annual percentage change 2005-12 2011 2012

60

Manufactures


66

530

479

187

53

51

4

5

4

3


8.2

65.8

59.5

23.2

6.6

6.3

0.5

0.7

0.5

0.4


14 30 15

13 39 0

14 39 2

11 29 1

6 23 -4

15 34 7

25 37 25

3 60 -38

10 30 -8

8 34 7

Africa

57

438

384

103

9

21

3

9

3

10


9.1

69.5

60.9

16.4

1.4

3.4

0.5

1.5

0.5

1.6


11 17 -1

11 19 9

11 18 11

7 13 -2

1 3 -18

12 15 0

8 19 0

8 8 3

7 11 -7

1 13 -7

Middle East

30

915

893

265

7

87

15

13

7

10


2.2

67.8

66.1

19.7

0.5

6.4

1.1

1.0

0.5

0.8


9 15 -4

13 46 6

13 46 6

14 28 2

14 36 4

16 33 -8

9 7 12

16 21 8

8 16 5

15 19 165

Asia

384

694

492

4419

167

449

1074

339

168

246


6.8

12.3

8.7

78.3

3.0

8.0

19.0

6.0

3.0

4.4


14 32 0

15 33 -3

16 37 0

10 15 3

10 25 -5

12 23 -1

6 5 2

8 11 11

8 19 -1

9 20 3



Table II.3

Table II.4

Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2012

Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2012

(Percentage)

(Percentage)

Exports

Imports

9.2 10.9 27.4 10.3 8.2 9.1 2.2 6.8

9.2 6.6 8.6 10.1 12.2 16.2 12.6 8.7

28.6 39.0 39.1 43.9 11.1 11.6 3.2 35.6

28.6 25.9 27.7 32.2 52.5 46.5 52.1 22.3

Share in total merchandise World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia

Imports

23.1 17.0 42.6 13.2 65.8 69.5 67.8 12.3

23.1 19.0 22.4 21.3 11.0 18.6 11.6 30.2

71.4 61.0 60.9 56.1 88.9 88.4 96.8 64.4

71.4 74.1 72.3 67.8 47.5 53.5 47.9 77.7

Share in total merchandise

Share in primary products

World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia Share in primary products

1RWH Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia


Table II.5

Table II.6

Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2012

Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2012

(Percentage)

(Percentage)

Exports

Imports

18.8 12.9 26.5 9.8 59.5 60.9 66.1 8.7

18.8 16.4 20.5 17.1 9.0 16.2 9.2 23.8


Imports


Share in primary products World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia

Exports



Exports

58.2 46.3 37.8 41.7 80.4 77.5 94.5 45.7

58.2 63.8 66.1 54.5 38.8 46.6 37.9 61.1

World

64.1

64.1

North America

66.7

72.2


26.6

66.3

Europe

74.1

65.4


23.2

76.0

Africa

16.4

61.6

Middle East

19.7

71.0

Asia

78.3

58.4





61

Table II.7

Table II.8

Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012

Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012

(Percentage)

(Percentage)

Exports

Imports

2.7 1.4 2.6 3.1 6.6 1.4 0.5 3.0

2.7 2.2 2.7 2.8 4.3 3.6 5.0 2.5

4.2 2.1 9.7 4.2 28.6 8.3 2.7 3.8

4.2 3.1 4.1 4.3 5.7 5.9 7.0 4.2

Share in manufactures World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia


10.9 10.9 6.7 16.3 6.3 3.4 6.4 8.0

10.9 9.3 13.7 13.4 11.7 9.7 7.8 9.4

17.0 16.4 25.1 22.0 27.3 20.4 32.8 10.2

17.0 12.8 20.7 20.4 15.4 15.7 11.0 16.1

Share in manufactures




Table II.9

Table II.10

Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012

Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012

(Percentage)

(Percentage)

Exports

Imports

9.3 9.0 0.8 5.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 19.0 7.8 21.9

9.3 11.9 6.1 7.4 5.2 3.7 6.0 12.8 9.8 13.3

14.6 13.5 2.9 7.5 2.2 3.3 5.8 24.3 11.4 27.5

14.6 16.5 9.2 11.4 6.9 6.0 8.4 21.9 17.8 22.2

Share in total merchandise World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia

Imports

World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia

7.2 11.4 3.4 9.9 0.7 1.5 1.0 6.0 15.5 3.7

7.2 11.7 8.7 7.4 11.2 8.5 9.8 3.8 5.1 3.5

11.3 17.1 12.8 13.4 2.9 8.9 4.9 7.7 22.6 4.6

11.3 16.2 13.2 11.3 14.8 13.8 13.8 6.5 9.1 5.9




Exports Share in total merchandise


62

Imports



Exports




Table II.11

Table II.12

Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012

Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2012

(Percentage)

(Percentage)

Exports

Imports

Share in total merchandise World North America South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia Australia, Japan and New Zealand Other Asia

1.6 0.7 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.0 0.8 3.5

1.6 1.3 2.3 1.4 2.4 3.4 2.2 1.6 1.2 1.7

2.5 1.1 2.1 1.7 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.8 1.1 4.4

2.5 1.8 3.5 2.1 3.1 5.5 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.9



2.4 0.5 2.1 2.0 0.4 1.6 0.8 4.4 0.1 5.4

2.4 3.2 2.1 2.8 3.8 1.7 2.4 1.3 3.5 0.7

3.7 0.7 7.8 2.7 1.5 9.6 3.9 5.6 0.1 6.7

3.7 4.4 3.2 4.3 5.0 2.8 3.4 2.2 6.2 1.2




Imports






Exports Share in total merchandise

63

2. Agricultural products Table II.13

Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

World Europe World Europe Asia North America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East South and Central America Asia World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America North America World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America World Asia Europe South and Central America North America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe Asia Middle East Africa North America South and Central America Africa World Europe Africa Asia Middle East North America South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East World Middle East Asia Europe Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America South and Central America

64


Share in region's exports

Share in world exports


2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

1657

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

10

22

0

657 501 48 28 26 25 22 7

100.0 80.9 5.3 5.1 2.7 2.7 2.2 0.8

100.0 76.3 7.3 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.3 1.1

46.8 37.9 2.5 2.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.4

39.7 30.3 2.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 0.4

7 6 12 5 13 13 14 11

18 16 31 15 23 19 25 20

-2 -4 2 4 2 4 10 5

384 228 48 45 24 23 8 6

100.0 58.0 15.4 14.2 4.9 4.0 1.9 1.2

100.0 59.6 12.6 11.6 6.3 5.9 2.2 1.5

18.3 10.6 2.8 2.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.2

23.2 13.8 2.9 2.7 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.3

14 14 10 10 18 20 16 18

32 32 30 27 33 43 24 23

0 0 -8 4 1 2 -2 -8

258 102 98 23 18 8 6 3

100.0 29.9 46.4 12.1 5.8 2.7 1.9 1.1

100.0 39.5 37.9 9.0 6.8 3.2 2.3 1.3

16.0 4.8 7.4 1.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2

15.5 6.1 5.9 1.4 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2

9 14 6 5 12 12 12 13

18 20 16 13 18 23 27 22

2 6 3 -3 1 -12 -17 27

205 58 48 36 27 15 13 7

100.0 20.2 31.7 13.8 18.7 5.5 4.7 5.0

100.0 28.1 23.5 17.3 13.3 7.2 6.1 3.6

10.6 2.1 3.4 1.5 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.5

12.4 3.5 2.9 2.1 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.4

12 18 8 16 7 17 17 7

26 31 23 27 24 55 14 9

-1 5 -10 7 -2 -4 -3 -8

66 21 20 9 7 7 1 0

100.0 32.4 25.6 26.9 5.7 5.0 2.4 0.1

100.0 31.2 30.4 13.5 10.1 10.0 0.9 0.3

3.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

4.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0

14 14 17 4 24 26 0 33

30 19 36 39 39 35 -5 65

15 0 45 -24 59 59 15 -18

57 20 13 12 5 3 2 1

100.0 50.4 19.1 16.7 4.9 5.8 0.4 1.7

100.0 35.4 23.5 21.7 8.1 5.4 2.7 1.8

3.3 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

3.5 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1

11 5 14 15 19 9 46 12

17 10 26 23 9 42 42 40

-1 -9 -1 17 -9 -9 0 -15

30 15 6 3 2 1 1 0

100.0 32.9 9.8 13.0 4.7 2.6 2.0 0.2

100.0 50.0 19.6 8.6 7.4 4.4 1.9 0.2

1.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.8 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

9 16 20 3 16 18 8 9

15 9 23 2 30 12 18 -16

-4 7 0 -2 8 11 8 -3


Table II.14

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Canada a

United States

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 37909 23892 4786 4586 3801 631 109 100

100.0 63.0 12.6 12.1 10.0 1.7 0.3 0.3

8 9 8 8 9 9 9 0

14 12 21 13 20 17 5 27

4 7 -2 3 -5 -11 14 11

22385 4099 1352 1297 995

59.0 10.8 3.6 3.4 2.6

8 7 14 9 9

12 12 8 12 30

8 3 3 2 -14

World North America Asia South and Central America Europe Africa CIS Middle East Economy Canada European Union (27) Mexico China India

Above 5 Thailand Chile Indonesia Australia India Guatemala Colombia New Zealand Argentina Peru Viet Nam Costa Rica Malaysia Côte d'Ivoire Switzerland Ecuador Turkey South Africa Canada Korea, Republic of Philippines Chinese Taipei Honduras Japan Norway Morocco Russian Federation Nicaragua Uruguay Israel El Salvador Pakistan Nigeria Liberia Jamaica

30128 809 696 426 426 395 368 346 346 292 261 252 223 209 191 187 183 172 163 151 147 128 118 114 97 87 80 75 64 56 51 51 35 35 34 34

79.5 2.1 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

12 9 11 1 16 15 5 2 12 14 10 5 10 13 14 12 18 4 18 8 9 10 17 6 12 5 -2 16 -3 14 14 14 37 18 7

25 7 54 6 26 29 15 28 12 31 26 11 35 6 22 -1 12 1 23 32 24 4 45 6 37 -7 26 105 -16 31 95 3 52 16 12

-3 -1 -21 3 25 0 -14 -6 7 4 2 -11 -18 -1 -1 -2 22 5 9 -4 9 5 19 6 5 -5 -3 9 56 23 -48 37 -47 0 0

Above 5 Brazil Indonesia Thailand Chile Australia Viet Nam Colombia Guatemala Malaysia New Zealand Ecuador Argentina Costa Rica Peru Philippines Japan Honduras Korea, Republic of Dominican Republic Switzerland Côte d'Ivoire Nicaragua Turkey Chinese Taipei Russian Federation El Salvador Norway South Africa Israel Uruguay Ghana Fiji Panama Pakistan Morocco

Above 40

37432

98.7

-

-

-

Above 40

141852 48583 39151 26072 24240 2801 564 431

100.0 34.2 27.6 18.4 17.1 2.0 0.4 0.3

6 4 9 6 4 6 0 3

18 13 25 22 13 18 -5 7

3 4 5 0 4 -9 3 7

29934 21868 18647 8047 6033

21.1 15.4 13.1 5.7 4.3

2 3 9 10 24

12 14 16 15 73

5 4 4 7 81

84529 5191 4884 4763 4349 2657 2626 2484 2296 2273 2268 2021 1856 1832 1658 1622 1248 1101 1064 965 903 895 779 714 617 479 419 395 340 319 249 231 213 184 169 163

59.6 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

5 9 7 3 0 12 6 11 14 2 6 9 7 13 8 7 9 7 9 21 4 14 6 3 -1 12 9 2 5 -11 20 5 -1 15 8

27 38 19 10 4 26 23 36 39 11 20 39 10 34 45 7 34 21 6 18 18 16 19 14 -7 58 -29 -2 12 38 48 -15 8 29 11

-10 -15 -13 8 15 6 -10 7 -20 10 -3 7 7 -4 -10 7 12 8 14 12 -16 8 10 -3 -3 4 -14 17 10 17 -29 39 7 42 -23

138753

97.8

-

-

-



World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East CIS Economy United States European Union (27) Mexico China Brazil


Value

65

Table II.14 (continued)

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27)

Japan

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World Europe South and Central America Asia Africa North America CIS Middle East

623242 469041 49873 43583 22206 19626 12481 2304

100.0 75.3 8.0 7.0 3.6 3.1 2.0 0.4

6 6 6 8 4 3 12 -1

17 16 18 29 16 18 47 13

-5 -4 -8 -8 -13 -10 19 -18

Economy European Union (27) Brazil United States Argentina China Above 5 Indonesia Norway Ukraine Switzerland Russian Federation Turkey Thailand India Chile Malaysia Viet Nam Canada Côte d'Ivoire Australia South Africa Ecuador New Zealand Peru Morocco Colombia Ghana Costa Rica Kenya Mexico Uruguay Israel Iceland Honduras Serbia Paraguay Cameroon Philippines Papua New Guinea Croatia Egypt

450057 20748 14564 8426 8416 502210 6572 6447 5681 5615 5394 5104 4496 4344 4034 3830 3803 3716 3387 3093 3037 3021 2896 2760 2654 2092 1974 1669 1395 1343 1328 1323 1287 1204 1177 1129 1100 1016 1012 1002 917

72.2 3.3 2.3 1.4 1.4 80.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

6 6 3 5 9 11 8 25 12 6 3 10 12 5 6 18 1 6 5 2 7 1 13 3 2 10 4 4 10 12 0 -1 18 18 20 0 7 15 5 6

16 21 17 10 20 37 8 65 17 37 11 28 31 17 24 31 19 9 59 0 22 21 27 9 26 29 8 15 17 2 6 12 57 46 26 7 22 62 17 21

-4 -7 -8 -12 -11 -15 -5 39 -1 8 -4 -16 -2 -10 -2 2 -19 -11 9 -7 -3 -12 -2 -9 -14 -15 -8 -11 -6 -18 -10 -10 7 -16 -30 -24 -20 -3 -4 -7

Above 40

603065

96.8

-

-

-

World Asia North America Europe South and Central America CIS Africa Middle East

93725 39497 27331 13929 8809 2422 1543 185

100.0 42.1 29.2 14.9 9.4 2.6 1.6 0.2

5 5 3 8 9 3 0 4

24 24 21 28 29 21 10 14

-2 -3 -4 -1 -1 16 -2 10

Economy United States European Union (27) China Canada Thailand Above 5 Australia Brazil Chile Indonesia Korea, Republic of Russian Federation Malaysia New Zealand Viet Nam Philippines Chinese Taipei India Norway Mexico Switzerland Argentina Singapore South Africa Colombia Ukraine Peru Guatemala Mauritania Turkey Hong Kong, China Ecuador Sri Lanka Morocco Iceland Myanmar Ghana Tanzania Greenland Fiji Israel

19689 11500 11472 6654 5927 55243 5756 3703 2988 2947 2630 2093 1821 1814 1667 1517 1205 1105 997 988 850 748 701 483 373 327 313 219 214 208 199 181 150 140 137 136 133 117 106 105 97

21.0 12.3 12.2 7.1 6.3 58.9 6.1 4.0 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

3 7 4 5 9 1 10 7 10 8 1 9 4 7 7 -1 9 10 9 48 24 13 -6 3 48 9 10 8 7 30 4 7 3 1 5 9 13 6 10 6

21 26 18 20 37 12 40 30 43 29 26 43 15 23 19 11 41 19 25 60 2 31 10 16 -97 -7 50 28 65 -6 2 32 -11 11 18 27 14 16 19 58

-6 -2 7 1 -13 -4 -1 1 -18 2 1 -8 3 7 -1 -2 -20 4 8 -4 20 2 -18 -29 … 16 -19 43 1 29 1 1 10 -5 3 -23 1 18 13 20

Above 40

92410

98.6

-

-

-

a Imports are valued f.o.b.

66



Table II.15

Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports China United States Japan Russian Federation a, b Canada b Korea, Republic of Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Mexico b India Hong Kong, China retained imports Malaysia Indonesia Egypt a Thailand Above 15


2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

613 163 172 86 66 63 45 43 42 42 38 34 32 25 24 23

17.0 3.4 1.5 5.0 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.2 3.3 2.0 ... 1.3 0.8

14.3 2.4 2.4 5.4 1.0 1.8 0.8 1.9 2.9 1.8 ... 1.4 0.8

41.8 10.2 13.0 2.8 3.0 6.3 1.4 2.2 1.1 2.2 3.0 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.7

37.0 9.8 10.4 5.2 4.0 3.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4

7 10 11 14 13 6 18 12 22 13 9 14 12 19 9 9

7 17 19 19 26 19 42 23 41 25 15 38 3 26 27 13

18 23 18 26 25 15 34 31 49 35 38 35 38 32 23 22

-2 3 2 0 2 4 -6 -5 23 -12 3 -13 8 13 0 0

1349

-

-

83.3

81.4

-

-

-

-

623 173 157 142 94 42 38 33 29 27 26 25 17 21 21 18 17

2.1 8.7 9.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3

1.8 9.0 11.5 2.0 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.7

42.6 13.3 3.3 11.6 10.4 1.3 2.6 2.2 0.9 1.8 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8

35.7 9.9 9.0 8.1 5.4 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0

6 6 19 6 5 14 8 10 18 7 19 12 13 17 16 20 13

6 9 41 16 14 25 12 26 60 16 26 20 22 30 38 28 28

17 21 34 18 24 19 14 30 18 24 26 17 19 32 43 41 27

-5 -7 8 3 -2 -3 4 -5 40 -7 14 3 4 1 -7 6 11

1304

-

-

81.6

74.8

-

-

-

-


Exporters European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports United States Brazil China Canada Indonesia Argentina India Thailand Australia Malaysia Russian Federation Viet Nam a New Zealand Mexico

Share in world exports/imports

a Includes Secretariat estimates. b Imports are valued f.o.b.



67

Table II.16

Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

Value 1990 World Argentina Australia Brazil Cameroon b Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire b Croatia Dominican Republic b Ecuador Egypt b Ethiopia b European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Ghana b Guatemala Honduras Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Iceland India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kenya Korea, Republic of Malawi b Malaysia Mexico Morocco Myanmar b New Zealand Nicaragua Pakistan Panama b Paraguay Peru Philippines Russian Federation Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Sri Lanka b Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Tanzania b Thailand Tunisia b Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates b, c United States Uruguay Viet Nam b

414723 | 7482 11875 9779 695 22339 2779 10060 2514 927 2374 ... ... | 1236 669 260 ... 849 680 4556 821 3735 1274 3506 | 4154 601 1327 3298 559 2985 382 7500 3466 1228 ... 5966 295 1081 263 863 789 1683 4095 1183 2912 1691 758 2244 767 3732 ... 7786 418 3300 ... 501 59404 1025 ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

551074 11954 16446 15464 438 34789 6399 16384 3106 1812 2308 595 542 1948 610 406 230390 56008 174382 621 1618 782 5693 453 5240 1257 5951 7764 932 1182 4349 1062 4298 342 8015 9100 1746 ... 7665 547 1234 580 699 1911 2026 7583 3723 1202 2521 3270 1093 2521 621 3509 432 12220 548 3828 292 1585 1185 71408 1278 3954

1361458 34650 27048 68585 1521 52128 15770 51607 5757 3371 5976 1771 1358 5965 5122 1893 532320 128699 403621 1267 3917 1590 8028 849 7178 1930 23106 35957 4992 2306 10143 2861 9346 849 28869 18789 3652 2306 19565 1454 3940 810 3996 5935 4129 21251 7889 3239 4236 7866 2561 7972 2577 5522 1175 35136 1352 12370 975 10475 4923 142574 4828 16835

1660517 45262 37399 86443 1538 60144 19066 64613 7059 3845 6716 2062 1557 7486 5312 2203 626412 158400 468013 3549 4651 2333 9216 1005 8212 2314 34491 48143 4574 2458 10925 3129 12705 1151 38902 22944 3990 3195 24068 1748 5550 830 4807 7874 5417 29241 10074 3868 5754 8868 2980 9347 2270 6769 1141 47601 1885 14949 1324 13487 5646 168275 5703 22229

1656711 43151 38405 86435 1765 62834 18907 66175 6629 4083 5880 2071 1641 7437 4738 2528 612939 162882 450057 5863 4910 3012 9346 1043 8303 2298 42395 45023 5973 2433 10859 3227 12628 956 33948 22838 3928 3034 23979 2053 4979 925 4255 7664 5075 31597 9860 3917 5457 8302 2732 9004 908 6938 1329 42030 1931 15671 1236 18526 6544 171909 6455 25045

8.3 47.5 20.0 29.6 25.7 11.4 26.0 3.8 21.7 33.3 43.8 13.9 12.2 31.8 9.1 91.0 9.2 6.4 10.6 46.2 37.1 17.0 1.5 2.7 1.4 59.3 10.3 16.2 4.1 4.0 1.0 47.6 1.9 82.1 9.5 5.9 23.0 ... 59.9 83.4 13.4 85.8 44.6 18.2 6.6 5.9 2.0 1.5 2.5 10.2 23.6 3.1 12.4 2.3 46.0 16.1 11.0 11.0 68.8 13.8 2.1 9.2 63.4 23.4

9.2 53.3 15.0 35.6 39.2 13.8 24.2 3.2 11.0 35.6 47.6 16.8 18.1 31.2 16.1 84.3 10.6 7.5 12.4 45.1 49.2 38.0 1.9 4.7 1.8 45.4 14.4 23.9 5.7 3.9 1.4 52.7 2.3 80.8 14.9 6.2 18.3 34.1 64.3 76.7 20.3 5.7 58.5 16.8 9.8 6.0 2.4 1.7 3.0 9.5 29.1 4.0 22.7 2.3 24.2 18.3 11.4 10.3 52.4 27.0 1.9 11.1 73.8 21.9

|

|

|

| | |

| |

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports.

68



Table II.17

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

Value 1990

a b c d e f g

2766 326 2735 835 ... 2690 9009 461 7855 593 ... ... ... 413 206 4793 158 196 8325 4591 1721 | 2126 3830 1565 50762 709 9531 589 ... 2404 5374 1096 756 658 2090 506 1568 668 1665 3487 372 4702 1789 1219 549 ... 5920 791 6203 3230 819 2806 1726 39966 986 236 ...

2000 2815 1644 4234 1716 1226 ... 4762 15272 1421 19544 1736 453 777 826 964 423 4195 692 253823 79049 673 11728 6488 3993 5727 2943 2288 62150 942 506 12837 1312 1210 4610 10989 1941 1204 1212 2956 1158 1882 998 3104 7561 5663 394 4890 2369 1650 934 376 5693 850 7899 4484 968 4133 1092 3230 69115 1970 1269 ...

2010

|

|

| |

|

7350 2133 11085 5992 3286 1814 10759 31969 4595 108260 4486 1578 2307 ... 2216 | 1931 11850 1488 557488 153867 2023 20622 13444 17864 15644 9414 5056 77449 2682 3049 26614 3070 2996 16053 23531 4825 3376 4882 7242 2519 6737 3600 6823 36473 17680 1144 10871 6635 5423 2063 2409 12017 4106 13180 11985 2553 12878 6245 11806 116448 5388 10272 2920

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

11489 2579 13530 8176 3809 2112 13582 36447 5992 144724 5718 1746 2743 ... 2771 2374 16659 1795 654553 186540 2432 24231 16019 22551 22411 11288 6129 95981 3187 4188 34681 3968 3331 21144 29235 6531 4132 6180 8796 2736 7353 4494 7026 43256 20870 1451 13756 8003 7054 2848 2193 13836 3928 15343 15195 3193 17574 6930 14378 137157 5856 13187 3235

10755 2478 14109 9768 4192 1989 13109 37909 6387 156823 6395 1997 2643 ... 2822 2203 17660 1868 623242 173185 2500 25003 16700 25668 20906 13989 5916 93724 3603 4442 33076 3849 3436 21435 27076 6421 4287 5628 9009 3066 6524 4801 7240 41983 29291 1652 13953 8496 7389 2278 2495 12894 1707 14990 16844 3428 16370 8036 16290 141849 8536 13697 4261

21.0 4.3 5.5 19.3 11.0 18.6 5.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 10.4 15.1 9.6 20.7 11.3 8.7 21.3 15.4 9.6 7.8 12.1 3.7 24.1 5.3 9.7 9.5 6.2 12.8 14.7 8.1 6.4 14.4 15.6 6.3 7.4 13.3 8.4 14.3 8.7 12.3 14.4 13.2 7.8 17.1 15.4 29.8 3.2 3.9 5.5 12.8 14.2 6.5 15.8 5.2 6.0 11.1 5.5 8.5 6.9 5.5 10.0 9.9 29.2

22.6 3.6 5.6 28.6 9.0 19.8 5.9 8.2 8.0 8.6 10.8 20.4 12.7 ... 15.3 8.7 25.5 18.2 10.5 7.5 14.7 4.5 20.1 5.2 11.0 24.5 7.8 10.6 17.4 10.0 6.4 14.9 15.7 10.9 7.3 14.3 11.2 11.0 10.3 10.7 14.8 11.3 11.1 13.3 18.8 25.7 3.7 4.3 7.3 11.9 26.3 6.5 23.4 5.5 6.8 14.0 6.9 9.5 7.1 6.1 14.1 12.0 35.5


Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Canada b Chile China Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Dominican Republic d, f Ecuador Egypt d El Salvador European Union (27) g extra-EU (27) imports Guatemala Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran d Israel Japan Jordan d Kazakhstan d Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Lebanon Malaysia Mexico b Morocco New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b, d Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal d Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka d Sudan d Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic d Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d Yemen d Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.



69

2.1 Food Table II.18

Exports of food of regions by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

World Europe World Europe Asia North America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East South and Central America Asia World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America World Asia Europe South and Central America North America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa World Europe Africa Asia Middle East North America South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

70





2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

1375

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

10

21

1

564 433 34 25 22 22 20 6

100.0 81.2 4.6 5.2 2.7 2.9 2.3 0.9

100.0 76.8 6.1 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.5 1.1

48.9 39.7 2.2 2.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.4

41.0 31.5 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.4

8 7 12 5 13 13 14 11

17 16 31 14 27 18 27 21

-1 -3 3 5 1 4 12 6

296 169 37 33 22 21 8 4

100.0 55.7 15.1 14.9 5.9 4.7 2.3 1.0

100.0 57.1 12.5 11.2 7.6 7.2 2.6 1.4

17.7 9.8 2.7 2.6 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2

21.6 12.3 2.7 2.4 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.3

14 14 11 9 18 21 15 19

29 30 25 20 34 44 21 19

2 3 -2 2 2 3 -2 0

206 84 74 17 15 7 5 3

100.0 47.1 28.2 10.7 6.6 3.5 2.3 1.4

100.0 40.6 36.1 8.1 7.3 3.6 2.6 1.5

14.2 6.7 4.0 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2

15.0 6.1 5.4 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2

11 9 15 7 13 12 13 13

18 18 17 12 15 24 29 24

5 4 10 1 5 -14 -18 28

186 50 44 34 23 15 12 7

100.0 19.5 32.2 14.5 16.7 6.1 5.2 5.6

100.0 26.9 23.4 18.2 12.5 7.9 6.6 3.7

11.6 2.3 3.7 1.7 1.9 0.7 0.6 0.6

13.5 3.6 3.2 2.5 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.5

13 18 8 17 8 17 17 7

27 31 24 28 27 56 14 8

-1 6 -10 8 -2 -4 -3 -9

46 17 12 7 4 3 1 1

100.0 52.4 20.8 11.1 5.9 6.3 0.3 2.1

100.0 36.7 26.2 16.0 9.3 5.7 2.3 2.1

3.2 1.7 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

3.3 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1

11 6 15 17 19 9 47 11

16 9 26 23 8 41 65 37

-1 -8 -1 28 -9 -9 1 -17


Table II.19

Imports of food of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Canada a

United States

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region World North America Europe Asia South and Central America Africa Middle East CIS

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 33357 21144 4239 3756 3517 534 99 64

100.0 63.4 12.7 11.3 10.5 1.6 0.3 0.2

10 10 8 8 10 8 9 -1

14 12 13 17 22 14 3 18

5 8 3 2 -6 -14 13 24

19693 3763 1320 1034 896

59.0 11.3 4.0 3.1 2.7

10 7 14 9 11

12 12 8 16 33

8 3 3 3 -14

Above 5 Thailand Chile Australia Guatemala New Zealand India Argentina Colombia Peru Viet Nam Costa Rica Malaysia Switzerland Côte d'Ivoire Turkey South Africa Ecuador Canada Philippines Indonesia Honduras Norway Morocco Japan Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of Nicaragua Uruguay El Salvador Israel Russian Federation Jamaica Bolivia, Plurinational State of Hong Kong, China Iran

26706 681 670 419 361 333 295 285 265 254 242 214 186 184 176 167 157 146 127 124 115 113 86 77 76 71 69 64 54 49 43 42 34 27 27 25

80.1 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

12 9 1 15 1 13 13 5 14 10 5 17 14 12 19 4 13 24 10 6 17 12 5 8 8 11 17 -4 13 14 -6 7 40 0 2

18 8 5 29 27 19 9 19 31 27 11 35 21 4 12 1 -3 33 26 22 45 38 -9 3 5 16 105 -18 96 33 12 12 52 8 -10

2 0 4 1 -7 6 11 -20 4 3 -12 -8 -1 -4 22 3 -5 8 9 4 19 4 -5 11 2 10 8 57 -49 23 0 0 39 -5 2

Above 40

32965

98.8

-

-

-

Economy

World North America Asia South and Central America Europe Africa CIS Middle East

117141 40859 28610 22495 22145 2273 387 368

100.0 34.9 24.4 19.2 18.9 1.9 0.3 0.3

7 8 8 7 5 6 -2 3

17 16 18 25 12 13 -10 3

3 5 1 0 5 -8 -9 10

22848 19908 18010 6498 3926

19.5 17.0 15.4 5.5 3.4

7 4 10 11 7

16 13 16 13 10

6 5 4 6 -8

71189 3918 3567 2596 2588 2524 2241 2168 2046 2040 1802 1771 1753 1669 1592 1540 1060 943 878 785 777 776 617 544 408 402 392 313 282 270 238 202 199 183 161 147

60.8 3.3 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

5 8 8 0 12 11 11 3 16 10 7 8 6 14 8 9 9 22 5 2 15 5 7 5 12 9 -4 4 7 -11 5 26 0 0 9

10 39 16 3 26 42 34 13 40 41 22 10 32 34 48 34 6 18 5 12 17 17 12 17 58 -29 -13 -9 11 41 -15 46 8 1 11

9 -13 0 15 7 9 8 11 -20 7 -5 7 -17 -4 -11 11 14 12 3 -14 8 15 7 5 3 -14 -18 22 13 19 38 -32 6 33 -25

114579

97.8

-

-

-

Economy Canada European Union (27) Mexico China Thailand Above 5 Chile Brazil Indonesia Australia Viet Nam India Guatemala New Zealand Malaysia Argentina Ecuador Costa Rica Colombia Peru Philippines Honduras Dominican Republic Switzerland Japan Côte d'Ivoire Nicaragua Turkey Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei El Salvador Norway Russian Federation South Africa Israel Uruguay Fiji Ghana Panama Iceland Morocco Above 40


United States European Union (27) Mexico China Brazil

Value




71

Table II.20

Leading exporters and importers of food, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Exporters European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports United States Brazil China Canada Argentina Indonesia Thailand Australia India Malaysia Russian Federation Mexico Viet Nam a New Zealand Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States China Japan Russian Federation a, b Canada b Korea, Republic of Mexico b Hong Kong, China retained imports Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of a India Malaysia Indonesia Egypt United Arab Emirates a Above 15



2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

522 134 138 77 56 46 42 34 31 31 31 28 22 21 21 20

17.6 4.2 1.4 3.5 2.3 0.7 1.3 3.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 ... 1.1

13.4 2.8 2.5 3.5 2.2 0.9 2.1 2.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 ... 1.4

43.9 10.8 12.6 3.0 3.1 4.1 2.7 1.3 2.3 2.9 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.9 0.9 1.3

38.0 9.7 10.0 5.6 4.1 3.4 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

8 10 12 14 13 10 12 19 13 9 19 16 17 9 18 9

5 15 15 17 25 12 23 28 13 10 29 34 -6 12 18 25

17 23 17 27 23 17 31 28 26 34 48 34 44 22 29 23

-1 3 5 0 4 6 -4 3 -2 5 13 -10 24 -1 18 0

1121

-

-

83.4

81.5

-

-

-

-

531 142 117 91 79 39 33 25 23 22 16 19 18 17 16 16 16

8.8 1.4 7.2 1.8 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4

8.9 1.4 10.1 2.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.5

43.4 12.4 11.1 2.0 10.5 1.5 2.6 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

36.4 9.7 8.0 6.2 5.4 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

7 7 7 23 6 14 10 12 8 14 13 11 21 16 18 22 16

3 4 12 32 11 25 11 20 13 18 20 55 20 29 33 31 11

17 20 17 27 23 18 14 32 26 18 19 18 24 29 46 46 23

-3 -5 3 20 0 -3 5 -2 -7 4 5 -6 16 0 -5 6 13

1053

-

-

80.4

72.2

-

-

-

-

a Includes Secretariat estimates. b Imports are valued f.o.b.

72



Table II.21

Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 315559 | 6949 7937 8697 10898 1965 7868 2222 848 ... 1198 251 186 ... 778 649 3385 742 2644 1266 2782 2853 ... 1022 1706 502 2162 374 3434 3057 1105 ... 4272 251 2365 516 258 502 703 1532 ... 2747 1077 1671 ... 649 1756 577 2703 ... 6611 384 2906 ... 73 42422 670 ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

431261 11491 12583 495 12808 17630 4424 13559 2502 1648 1806 1758 375 321 189387 46530 142857 513 1518 730 3664 362 3302 1240 5418 5526 818 824 2124 927 2665 331 5440 8179 1596 ... 5819 534 3827 964 569 564 1736 1815 3936 ... 3091 1092 1999 2232 ... 2007 408 1819 359 9924 510 3521 241 1339 1128 54341 1064 3666

1122197 33838 21887 3189 60777 37163 11811 44153 4447 3131 5001 5228 4356 1703 451064 104755 346309 1132 3557 1554 6125 605 5521 1904 18199 25630 4738 1832 4730 2320 4990 814 23609 17728 3347 1497 16386 1434 9415 3531 792 3862 5561 3767 12135 2189 6876 3178 3659 6239 2233 7312 2386 2736 955 24999 1269 11878 887 9885 4701 112356 4121 13907

1360115 44225 29301 3787 77373 43631 14342 54168 5722 3584 5307 6663 4487 1988 529591 129237 400354 2887 4119 2295 7094 698 6396 2278 27009 32865 4318 2031 4615 2502 6165 1078 31716 21641 3751 1735 20118 1717 10145 4901 795 4678 7456 4915 17476 2407 8777 3819 4926 6859 2577 8623 2102 3373 972 31465 1801 14209 1163 12757 5358 131345 4876 18007

1375255 42407 30704 4455 77212 46329 14481 56318 5250 3814 4727 6614 4038 2281 522396 133548 388848 5601 4464 2963 7243 787 6457 2257 30534 33692 5600 2050 4557 2599 6398 896 28486 21427 3692 1558 20021 2023 9668 4187 886 4099 7242 4638 21682 2651 8807 3868 4804 6607 2426 8414 841 3761 1147 30704 1851 15033 1092 17848 6209 138034 5718 21281

6.7 46.2 16.1 8.3 25.7 6.7 19.6 3.2 17.2 30.2 36.0 27.6 7.2 75.4 7.7 5.2 8.9 40.5 33.8 16.3 0.9 2.1 0.8 58.5 9.0 11.3 3.7 3.1 0.5 37.6 1.1 78.4 7.0 5.4 21.2 ... 49.6 81.3 5.2 12.0 85.0 39.9 16.8 6.1 3.0 19.8 1.7 1.4 2.0 7.7 21.6 2.6 9.9 1.1 36.4 11.6 10.4 10.5 58.2 12.4 2.0 6.9 54.3 20.2

7.7 52.4 12.0 9.7 31.8 10.2 18.5 2.7 8.7 33.3 38.3 27.7 13.7 76.0 9.0 6.2 10.7 43.1 44.7 37.4 1.5 3.5 1.4 44.6 10.4 17.9 5.4 3.2 0.6 42.4 1.2 75.7 12.5 5.8 17.2 17.5 53.7 75.6 6.0 17.0 5.5 56.4 15.9 8.9 4.1 23.4 2.2 1.7 2.7 7.6 25.9 3.7 21.0 1.2 20.9 13.4 10.9 9.9 46.3 26.0 1.8 8.9 65.4 18.6

|

|

|

| | |

| |


World Argentina Australia Belarus Brazil Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia b European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Ghana b Guatemala Honduras Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Iceland India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kenya Korea, Republic of Malawi b Malaysia Mexico Morocco Myanmar b New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Pakistan Panama b Paraguay Peru Philippines Russian Federation Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Sri Lanka Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Tanzania b Thailand Tunisia b Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates b, c United States Uruguay Viet Nam b a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports.



73

Table II.22

Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Canada b Chile China Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Dominican Republic d, f Ecuador Egypt El Salvador European Union (27) g extra-EU (27) imports Guatemala Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan d Kazakhstan d Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Lebanon Malaysia Mexico b Morocco New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b, d Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Senegal d Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan d Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic d Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d Yemen d a b c d e f g

74

2306 164 1943 650 ... 2112 7143 308 4619 395 ... ... ... ... 156 2903 128 169 6551 3908 771 | 1104 ... 1197 34154 672 199 3912 561 ... 2021 4326 677 643 ... 1584 486 1276 621 1348 3319 350 3685 2014 846 502 ... 4371 745 3495 1672 582 1856 1627 30055 739 ... ...

2000 2578 1267 3245 1254 1027 ... 3665 12027 1228 9043 1405 427 653 765 ... 310 3519 613 200465 57253 592 9165 5863 2283 3336 2585 1923 48543 851 459 403 7722 1249 1107 3526 8485 1585 1074 1159 2221 1122 1524 864 2598 6853 5375 362 4354 2354 1254 ... 360 4519 726 5013 2677 706 2128 882 3026 51226 1704 814 ...

2010

|

|

| |

|

6683 1499 9825 4859 2767 1669 8373 27957 4198 59556 3933 1511 2083 ... 2051 | 1719 10145 1322 470523 124214 1841 18013 12492 12317 11470 8156 4342 64026 2476 2827 1407 19176 2949 2799 12786 19512 4057 3187 4535 6122 2394 4893 3099 6450 34054 16690 1072 9799 6140 4688 1884 2353 10216 3695 9536 8596 2077 7411 5586 11198 97345 5005 7286 2845

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

10762 1787 12038 6684 3100 1943 10244 31851 5519 75455 5068 1689 2486 ... 2592 2091 14794 1572 549914 149560 2194 21299 14903 15296 16730 9654 5326 79056 2948 3938 1902 25370 3780 3113 16524 24533 5593 3902 5741 7553 2617 5203 3840 6564 40150 19770 1356 12329 7403 6091 2539 2136 11917 3534 11025 10842 2712 10653 6111 13744 114023 5343 9046 3163

9998 1726 12643 7243 3509 1826 10626 33357 5912 90651 5872 1930 2443 ... 2640 1959 15666 1663 530903 142055 2255 22087 15631 17672 15828 12442 5196 78870 3333 4165 1961 24879 3676 3229 16523 22859 5581 4041 5228 7888 2913 4846 4222 6819 39001 18600 1554 12558 7754 6528 2038 2430 11194 1536 11247 12638 2986 10420 7225 15572 117138 8000 9632 4114

19.3 2.8 4.6 12.6 9.3 17.3 4.4 5.6 5.8 3.3 8.7 14.6 8.3 20.0 9.8 7.5 17.7 14.0 7.9 6.1 10.9 2.9 22.0 3.3 6.4 7.6 5.2 10.4 13.6 7.3 9.5 4.4 13.9 14.4 5.1 6.0 10.6 7.7 13.8 6.8 11.8 10.3 11.4 6.9 16.1 14.7 28.1 2.8 3.7 4.5 11.7 13.4 5.4 12.9 3.6 4.0 8.5 2.8 7.2 6.3 4.2 9.0 6.3 28.3

21.1 2.5 5.0 21.2 7.6 18.2 4.8 7.2 7.4 5.0 9.9 19.7 11.8 ... 14.3 7.8 22.6 16.2 8.9 6.2 13.3 4.0 18.8 3.6 8.3 21.8 6.9 8.9 16.1 9.4 12.0 4.8 14.2 14.7 8.4 6.2 12.5 10.6 10.3 9.0 10.2 11.0 9.9 10.4 12.3 12.0 24.1 3.3 3.9 6.4 10.6 25.6 5.7 21.0 4.2 5.1 12.2 4.4 8.5 6.8 5.0 13.2 8.5 34.3

Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.



3. Fuels and mining products Table II.23

Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value




2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

4139

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

13

35

2

915 613 93 93 33 20 6 0

100.0 59.0 14.6 11.5 3.2 2.5 0.5 0.0

100.0 67.0 10.2 10.1 3.6 2.2 0.7 0.0

21.6 12.8 3.2 2.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0

22.1 14.8 2.2 2.2 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.0

13 15 7 11 15 11 16 14

46 42 50 54 21 35 80 68

6 11 -12 14 12 5 -3 4

840 656 46 45 37 14 8 8

100.0 81.0 9.3 3.2 1.9 1.5 0.6 0.6

100.0 78.1 5.5 5.4 4.4 1.6 1.0 1.0

22.9 18.5 2.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1

20.3 15.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2

11 10 3 19 25 12 19 20

33 31 33 43 39 50 54 30

2 1 -14 10 20 1 7 36

694 575 38 23 22 14 14 1

100.0 83.1 6.8 5.4 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.3

100.0 82.9 5.4 3.3 3.1 2.0 2.0 0.2

14.3 11.8 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

16.8 13.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.0

15 15 11 7 26 23 33 12

33 34 32 17 23 32 26 -6

-3 -3 -13 -1 27 -6 18 -8

530 338 92 49 28 6 2 3

100.0 71.0 7.9 9.9 6.1 1.5 1.9 0.2

100.0 63.8 17.4 9.3 5.3 1.2 0.3 0.6

12.1 8.6 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

12.8 8.2 2.2 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.1

13 12 27 12 11 10 -11 29

39 35 42 69 31 7 44 132

0 1 13 -13 -18 3 -39 6

402 229 60 56 49 4 2 1

100.0 74.4 9.4 10.2 5.1 0.4 0.4 0.1

100.0 56.9 14.9 14.0 12.2 1.0 0.5 0.2

9.9 7.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

9.7 5.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

12 8 20 17 27 29 18 24

36 32 45 37 50 41 62 118

-2 -4 -1 -6 20 -14 -27 -40

438 169 131 61 27 26 3 0

100.0 39.8 15.7 28.2 5.1 4.5 0.6 0.1

100.0 38.7 29.8 14.0 6.3 5.9 0.7 0.1

11.4 4.6 1.8 3.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0

10.6 4.1 3.2 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0

11 11 22 1 15 15 16 5

19 11 19 5 28 112 4 -14

9 26 16 -26 1 2 -10 4

320 98 97 71 45 3 2 0

100.0 14.2 46.1 23.0 14.5 0.6 0.8 0.1

100.0 30.7 30.3 22.3 14.1 0.9 0.6 0.1

7.8 1.1 3.6 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

7.7 2.4 2.3 1.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

12 25 6 12 12 20 7 4

33 25 37 37 39 68 -6 62

-3 -1 0 -3 -9 -15 -3 -30



World Middle East World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe World Europe North America Asia Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America Asia World Asia Europe North America Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Europe Asia Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America Middle East South and Central America Africa North America World North America Europe Asia South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa World Europe Asia North America Africa South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America World Asia North America South and Central America Europe Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)


75

3.1 Fuels Table II.24

Imports of fuels of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2012

Share


2012 2005-12

2011

Value

2012

2012

European Union (27)


2012 2005-12

2011

2012

United States

Region

Region

World Europe CIS Africa Middle East North America South and Central America Asia

1034588 410587 283579 155954 86126 34926 18497 16862

100.0 39.7 27.4 15.1 8.3 3.4 1.8 1.6

11 10 12 13 7 22 15 12

35 35 38 13 58 74 40 27

4 4 -1 32 -18 9 12 -16

World North America Middle East South and Central America Africa Europe CIS Asia

433222 145900 90032 81472 52083 29486 24376 9873

100.0 33.7 20.8 18.8 12.0 6.8 5.6 2.3

5 7 11 5 -1 0 14 4

28 27 50 39 6 29 32 8

-7 -2 17 -10 -32 -6 -19 0

334470 209045 71499 41967 41026 40938 38543 28981 25327 17629

32.3 20.2 6.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.7 2.8 2.4 1.7

11 12 5 9 23 12 7 15 30 29

35 36 33 28 -63 81 40 100 54 78

4 7 -1 -6 194 27 8 15 -1 7

Economy Canada Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Mexico Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of European Union (27) Russian Federation Iraq Nigeria Colombia Kuwait

105596 55997 40304 37928 25622 21913 19631 19374 17989 13032

24.4 12.9 9.3 8.8 5.9 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.0

7 10 6 2 2 14 11 -4 19 17

25 50 32 32 24 37 38 9 59 45

1 18 -10 -11 -1 -16 13 -43 5 67

849423

82.1

-

-

-

357385

82.5

-

-

-

Economy European Union (27) Russian Federation Norway Libya Nigeria Algeria Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Kazakhstan United States Azerbaijan Above 10

Above 10

Japan

China

Region

Region

World Middle East Asia CIS Africa North America South and Central America Europe Economy Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of United Arab Emirates Qatar Australia Malaysia Indonesia Russian Federation Kuwait Korea, Republic of Iran Above 10

76

Share


302404 166786 96618 16123 12630 5761 2316 1595

100.0 55.2 32.0 5.3 4.2 1.9 0.8 0.5

26 10 13 34 22 16 73 39

38 36 41 17 132 37 147 108

10 5 10 13 79 4 129 89

World Middle East Asia Africa CIS South and Central America North America Europe

313019 119418 58232 54231 47784 22665 5632 3061

100.0 38.2 18.6 17.3 15.3 7.2 1.8 1.0

25 25 22 21 31 48 43 35

46 59 31 18 90 47 45 54

14 11 5 10 27 24 14 23

54139 43312 35757 34617 19081 17305 16100 15262 10146 7885

17.9 14.3 11.8 11.4 6.3 5.7 5.3 5.0 3.4 2.6

10 8 19 16 21 7 34 10 18 -4

41 46 38 26 55 36 17 27 130 16

9 3 19 8 24 -3 13 16 16 -38

Economy Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Angola Russian Federation Iran Oman Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Iraq Indonesia Australia Korea, Republic of

44926 33431 29522 18425 15871 13686 12649 12016 11986 11540

14.4 10.7 9.4 5.9 5.1 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7

25 26 24 17 21 57 63 29 40 19

53 9 78 76 52 88 66 43 15 62

14 35 29 -20 14 30 21 15 30 -9

253603

83.9

-

-

-

204052

65.2

-

-

-

Above 10


Table II.25

Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2005 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


2005-12

2010

2011

2012

86 45 25 28 18 17 14 5 4 3 4 1

167 121 119 110 46 38 29 14 9 7 6 3

10 15 25 21 14 12 11 17 12 12 8 16

28 30 50 29 28 35 23 30 29 42 42 4

36 50 59 51 44 13 46 28 27 67 35 88

5 7 11 16 23 23 9 7 22 15 6 -24

Europe European Union (27) Turkey

52 6

86 15

7 14

41 69

58 30

-18 9

North America United States Canada

43 2

90 7

11 17

33 53

50 47

17 23

Africa South Africa

6

10

8

7

34

3




2005 Asia Japan Korea, Republic of China India Singapore Chinese Taipei Thailand Pakistan Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Australia

77

Table II.26

Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 World Algeria Angola b Argentina Australia Azerbaijan Bahrain b Belarus Bolivia, Plurinational State of Brazil Brunei Darussalam b Cameroon b Canada China Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Ecuador Egypt European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Gabon b India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of b Iraq b Japan Kazakhstan b Korea, Republic of Kuwait Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b Malaysia Mexico Mongolia b Myanmar b New Zealand Nigeria b Norway Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines b Qatar b Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa b Sudan b Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Thailand Trinidad and Tobago b Tunisia b Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates b United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of b Viet Nam b Yemen

362586 | 10623 3655 985 7473 ... 227 682 2137 998 12672 5119 2496 ... ... 1409 762 ... 522 11239 | 15307 9587 1260 697 6500 10608 5397 9868 ... ... 362 13191 16288 5057 71 332 225 2967 40128 9566 9479 88 1152 ... 45 1903 401 192 1285 604 296 14141 12321 14447 ... ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

660658 21610 7105 4642 13324 1485 83 1452 160 908 ... 987 36344 7855 5636 737 486 2442 1967 95995 26892 69103 2168 1443 15066 25611 19771 1520 4567 9376 18141 ... 9448 16050 2 ... 380 20876 38274 8952 131 404 505 10665 52246 70857 13403 13290 113 2664 1088 287 3538 1657 2206 2790 707 294 808 28760 13340 29203 3825 ...

2345512 56087 49198 5388 59752 25054 160 7098 2972 19843 8580 1922 92052 26673 22564 2433 1472 9672 7551 329769 100595 229174 7696 37976 46765 79845 51969 13038 41590 32580 61826 46283 31501 41071 313 2936 1465 72969 83931 24778 1199 3345 1080 62764 254147 215249 56725 54801 20900 7198 9716 5514 5664 14359 9644 6684 2328 4405 3661 74047 81448 62317 7980 5668

3223909 72212 65603 4956 75819 32605 216 14323 4149 26791 11984 2402 115852 32274 36482 2688 1614 12912 9238 452608 140152 312456 8708 56554 68912 107050 82988 16258 63456 53087 96466 16923 40266 55684 540 3511 1948 100939 108044 32026 1311 5019 1403 99126 342146 317624 80979 82408 26092 9706 8466 7313 4989 17391 12871 9095 2597 6413 5691 117025 130187 88132 11008 6129

3374854 70716 71772 4962 72890 30701 255 16386 5910 26469 12448 2230 115897 31013 39546 3110 1685 13802 8863 492746 158277 334470 8618 54377 63371 77206 94025 13420 64486 57492 112010 60114 46225 52271 2152 3809 1728 103387 112421 39304 330 5205 1263 113666 347124 324146 75568 84532 19272 9781 2925 7322 1995 21542 14938 7901 2454 7478 3515 125953 137080 93569 11703 6108

14.2 98.4 96.7 16.3 25.6 86.8 7.2 34.8 47.3 6.0 68.5 42.3 20.2 2.3 39.2 26.1 13.9 58.1 42.3 5.4 4.4 5.8 84.1 10.5 28.4 85.8 99.4 0.7 70.1 5.5 94.6 96.9 13.5 14.9 3.8 ... 2.5 94.3 67.7 84.4 4.2 9.2 1.9 92.7 61.0 89.3 12.2 20.2 2.7 9.4 77.6 2.1 50.2 4.5 4.3 67.9 12.9 3.6 9.8 43.9 3.0 85.7 25.8 92.1

18.8 98.4 97.0 6.1 28.4 94.1 25.9 35.6 53.2 10.9 95.7 49.5 25.5 1.5 65.6 25.2 13.7 57.9 30.2 8.5 7.3 9.2 89.2 18.5 33.6 74.2 99.6 1.7 69.9 10.5 94.5 96.6 20.3 14.1 49.1 42.8 4.6 89.1 69.8 75.4 1.3 11.4 2.4 85.5 65.6 83.5 18.5 37.0 10.7 11.2 86.8 3.2 49.9 7.2 6.5 60.9 14.4 4.9 5.1 36.0 8.9 96.1 10.2 71.0

|

| | | | |

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. Note : Includes economies exporting petroleum products.

78



Table II.27

Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990

a b c d e f g

333 2188 ... 566 6045 21 7313 1099 1259 219 ... ... ... ... 38 243 ... 278 1996 1561 6495 | 1937 ... 1354 380 56777 471 424 11023 ... 1487 1125 1168 727 1178 1529 327 1943 194 ... 9632 9545 88 333 3155 72 5953 ... 3084 143 493 4622 68741 238 ... ...

2000 928 5898 207 554 2585 8290 344 12481 3014 20637 486 838 1145 1158 1505 281 1059 218292 148807 290 620 4533 4102 19341 6071 311 3587 586 77413 194 564 642 38077 1029 3940 5232 2039 1448 1193 3598 1156 4095 1384 317 ... 16219 16106 3826 551 3747 143 13030 294 7549 1068 902 7515 5997 139622 530 2113 ...

2010

|

|

| |

|

4479 25924 687 2095 12033 29958 1421 39476 12814 188958 1687 1860 3781 ... 3710 | 4380 7129 737044 507870 967 2501 15351 14951 110831 27506 6834 10441 1586 198624 3368 4394 2575 122596 3674 16402 24045 8133 4613 5055 11398 4257 9905 3665 1430 2980 81157 60257 15722 3019 13083 3451 51622 2211 31665 2158 2794 36047 19603 362637 1700 8140 1940

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

9402 39512 930 2887 18736 41968 1852 53134 17988 275728 2273 1924 4951 ... 4670 5404 9274 996974 684518 1437 3310 18783 17536 157347 40821 974 13636 2311 274648 5284 4878 4025 173674 4470 22055 35011 11180 6231 5796 14860 5936 12810 5942 1877 3711 119319 93227 21238 3985 17666 3301 63128 3593 43496 3167 3547 45449 28605 464215 2196 12531 3061

8878 42332 1062 2412 17833 40187 2021 51366 17990 313019 2286 2977 4741 ... 4808 5641 13058 1034588 700118 1388 3338 18330 17465 185677 42733 684 16079 2386 302404 5974 4809 4044 186190 5894 27855 33333 12356 6738 5443 15947 6113 14093 4052 1846 3338 123868 104596 22833 3830 18852 1435 70041 3316 47858 3018 3736 49242 26193 433222 3098 12797 1557

5.0 11.1 22.7 9.3 33.0 18.3 26.3 9.2 21.7 9.7 10.1 28.0 15.1 25.6 25.1 11.2 11.9 11.8 23.1 19.2 15.5 2.7 24.4 32.4 23.0 9.4 14.3 29.2 25.8 23.0 11.9 22.9 25.8 22.3 8.1 5.5 21.5 12.1 4.2 20.9 19.8 13.2 1.6 22.9 19.4 17.7 34.4 14.3 12.6 7.2 1.4 15.4 22.0 17.7 34.8 13.6 13.5 29.5 17.2 24.3 14.5 19.4

13.0 16.9 31.4 7.1 38.4 18.0 27.7 11.1 22.6 17.2 13.0 30.5 22.8 ... 26.0 22.4 18.9 17.4 30.4 21.3 19.6 3.3 21.1 37.9 22.4 1.2 21.3 36.2 34.1 28.9 10.8 24.8 35.8 26.9 14.2 9.0 27.6 17.6 6.2 36.1 14.4 21.6 1.3 28.7 17.6 32.6 52.4 22.5 20.0 9.5 19.7 25.9 29.2 19.3 33.3 15.3 20.8 30.9 18.5 26.7 11.2 13.0


Argentina Australia b Bahrain c Bangladesh c, d Belarus Brazil e Cameroon c Canada b Chile China Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Dominican Republic f Ecuador Egypt European Union (27) g extra-EU (27) imports FYR Macedonia Guatemala Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Jamaica Japan Jordan c Kazakhstan c Kenya Korea, Republic of Lebanon Malaysia Mexico b Morocco New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b, c Senegal c Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka c Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic c Chinese Taipei Tanzania c Thailand Trinidad and Tobago c Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United States Uruguay Viet Nam c Yemen c Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes Secretariat estimates. Figures refer to fiscal year. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.



79

4. Manufactures Table II.28

Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

World Europe World Europe Asia North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East Africa South and Central America Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East World Asia Middle East Europe North America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America South and Central America World South and Central America North America Europe Asia Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe Asia North America Middle East South and Central America Africa Africa World Europe Africa Asia North America Middle East South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

80





2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

11490

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

7

15

0

4734 3138 539 412 210 159 146 106

100.0 71.9 8.4 9.5 2.7 3.0 2.6 1.5

100.0 66.3 11.4 8.7 4.4 3.4 3.1 2.2

47.9 34.4 4.0 4.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.7

41.2 27.3 4.7 3.6 1.8 1.4 1.3 0.9

4 3 9 3 12 6 7 11

16 15 20 15 31 13 8 22

-5 -8 -1 4 5 0 2 2

4419 2128 899 743 209 165 134 111

100.0 47.2 24.4 19.4 3.3 1.9 1.9 1.4

100.0 48.2 20.3 16.8 4.7 3.7 3.0 2.5

31.7 14.9 7.7 6.1 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5

38.5 18.5 7.8 6.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.0

10 10 7 8 16 21 18 19

15 14 13 14 20 26 19 30

3 4 8 -7 6 6 14 11

1582 783 308 248 143 62 24 14

100.0 54.6 18.1 17.2 5.9 2.6 1.1 0.4

100.0 49.5 19.5 15.7 9.0 3.9 1.5 0.9

15.1 8.3 2.7 2.6 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1

13.8 6.8 2.7 2.2 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1

5 4 6 4 12 12 10 16

11 11 10 8 16 16 9 39

6 7 3 -1 5 26 10 22

265 93 62 42 24 16 6 4

100.0 19.8 20.6 18.6 17.3 6.4 2.3 0.9

100.0 35.1 23.3 15.8 9.1 6.0 2.1 1.7

1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

2.3 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

14 24 16 12 4 13 13 25

28 36 22 32 9 27 27 20

2 -1 11 -6 -5 4 25 14

199 94 58 24 16 4 1 1

100.0 36.9 39.6 12.5 7.3 2.3 1.0 0.2

100.0 47.4 29.2 12.2 7.9 2.0 0.7 0.4

1.8 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.7 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

7 10 2 6 8 5 1 14

23 20 25 22 28 24 5 74

0 -2 5 -6 -3 -6 -10 44

187 77 58 21 8 7 5 4

100.0 32.7 31.4 17.5 5.8 5.8 2.2 3.3

100.0 41.4 31.1 11.3 4.0 3.7 2.7 2.1

1.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

1.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

11 14 10 4 5 4 14 4

29 36 22 20 16 21 46 18

1 -3 15 -11 4 -30 -16 10

103 42 30 12 9 6 3 0

100.0 52.2 18.7 13.3 9.3 4.0 1.3 0.1

100.0 40.3 28.7 11.5 8.5 5.7 2.8 0.4

0.9 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

7 3 14 5 6 13 20 25

13 15 7 12 19 21 23 58

-2 -8 6 -4 -8 -4 6 39


Table II.29

Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (27) and China by origin and destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Exports Value 2012

Share 2005

Imports Annual percentage change

2012

2005-12

2011

Value

2012

2012


Share 2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

United States 100.0 37.6 7.5 1.8 23.5 21.8 0.6 0.4 1.5 3.7 25.6 3.9 5.3 12.1

100.0 35.1 10.4 3.1 20.0 18.2 1.1 0.8 1.9 5.3 26.1 5.7 4.4 10.5

6 5 11 14 4 3 16 17 10 12 6 12 3 4

11 12 15 17 7 7 44 48 10 16 9 10 6 6

5 7 5 1 -1 0 25 29 10 26 3 2 13 -1

4385 376 98 43 2948 2670 190 138 131 130 490 157 60 154

100.0 9.4 1.4 0.5 72.4 66.5 2.7 1.9 2.6 2.9 8.2 1.7 1.4 2.9

100.0 8.6 2.2 1.0 67.2 60.9 4.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 11.2 3.6 1.4 3.5

4 3 11 13 3 3 12 12 6 5 9 16 4 7

16 14 21 19 15 14 31 34 9 12 20 25 19 16

-5 4 2 -2 -8 -8 4 5 1 -1 0 -3 6 2

1925 485 98 32 418 395 72 41 78 82 686 167 310

100.0 31.0 2.4 0.6 25.3 24.1 2.9 1.8 2.5 3.0 33.1 12.1 14.3

100.0 25.2 5.1 1.7 21.7 20.5 3.7 2.2 4.1 4.3 35.6 8.7 16.1

16 12 29 33 13 13 20 19 24 22 17 10 17

20 16 34 30 15 15 25 31 22 28 23 22 22

9 10 12 6 -5 -5 13 15 21 8 15 6 25

World North America South and Central America Brazil Europe European Union (27) CIS Russian Federation Africa Middle East Asia China Japan Six East Asian traders

1618 362 49 15 344 314 8 6 10 26 820 429 144 157

100.0 24.0 3.4 1.4 22.3 20.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.6 47.7 20.2 11.0 12.0

100.0 22.4 3.0 0.9 21.2 19.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.6 50.7 26.5 8.9 9.7

4 3 2 -2 3 3 5 7 5 4 5 8 1 1

11 9 23 34 15 15 26 26 19 13 9 9 8 10

6 8 8 12 4 5 -4 -3 -7 -1 7 7 14 2

3905 232 29 12 2846 2670 35 22 39 27 682 359 77 147

100.0 6.3 0.7 0.3 74.6 70.3 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.9 15.4 6.2 2.9 4.4

100.0 5.9 0.7 0.3 72.9 68.4 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 17.5 9.2 2.0 3.8

3 3 4 2 3 3 5 5 1 1 5 9 -2 1

13 12 17 14 14 14 29 27 18 22 8 8 7 1

-8 -1 -6 -13 -8 -8 -11 -6 -11 -6 -8 -8 -14 -7

1059 92 11 4 195 183 7 4 4 21 729 141 378

100.0 8.4 0.7 0.3 14.5 13.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 1.0 73.8 19.0 39.4

100.0 8.7 1.0 0.4 18.5 17.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 2.0 68.8 13.4 35.7

12 12 17 12 15 15 2 -2 14 23 10 6 10

16 13 23 37 25 25 4 3 25 45 13 15 12

3 4 21 8 -1 0 -3 -3 -2 -1 3 17 3

European Union (27) World North America South and Central America Brazil Europe European Union (27) CIS Russian Federation Africa Middle East Asia China Japan Six East Asian traders


1102 387 114 34 220 201 12 9 21 59 287 63 48 115

China a World North America South and Central America Brazil Europe European Union (27) CIS Russian Federation Africa Middle East Asia Japan Six East Asian traders

a In 2012, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 13 per cent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata.



81

Table II.30

Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27)

United States

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World Europe Asia North America Africa CIS South and Central America Middle East

3905122 2846271 682353 231501 39164 34660 28825 27483

100.0 72.9 17.5 5.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7

3 3 5 3 1 5 4 1

13 14 8 12 18 29 17 22

-8 -8 -8 -1 -11 -11 -6 -6

European Union (27) China United States Switzerland Japan

2670028 358639 202532 95706 77435

68.4 9.2 5.2 2.5 2.0

3 9 2 4 -2

14 8 11 17 7

-8 -8 -1 -8 -14

Above 5 Turkey Korea, Republic of India Chinese Taipei Singapore Russian Federation Malaysia Viet Nam Thailand Canada Norway Mexico Israel Hong Kong, China Brazil Indonesia Bangladesh Tunisia South Africa Ukraine Morocco Costa Rica United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Philippines Pakistan Croatia Serbia Botswana Egypt Australia Argentina Sri Lanka Bosnia and Herzegovina Cambodia

3404340 51616 44539 35614 27273 25023 21988 21523 19857 16622 14698 14651 14229 13072 12375 11602 11431 11413 9349 8448 8382 7828 7396 5566 5473 5459 4632 4463 3865 3740 3550 3485 3113 2799 2307 2188

87.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

4 1 9 -1 2 5 3 20 3 2 1 10 4 -1 2 5 13 5 -2 4 -1 17 -7 4 -4 4 3 24 4 5 -1 13 7 11 19

19 -6 25 6 3 27 5 44 1 10 10 22 23 1 14 17 37 11 -8 36 24 14 30 22 -5 25 19 18 292 24 9 49 17 27 51

-9 -3 -15 -15 5 -6 -13 41 -11 -9 -7 -4 -6 -6 -13 -6 -1 -14 -22 -22 -2 13 -3 -1 -6 -18 -16 -6 -8 -17 -13 -16 -3 -5 25

Above 40

3863910

98.9

-

-

-

Economy

82

Value

World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

1617787 820329 361614 343688 49087 25880 9515 7669

100.0 50.7 22.4 21.2 3.0 1.6 0.6 0.5

4 5 3 3 2 4 5 5

11 9 9 15 23 13 19 26

6 7 8 4 8 -1 -7 -4

China European Union (27) Mexico Canada Japan

429182 313617 201608 160005 143536

26.5 19.4 12.5 9.9 8.9

8 3 7 -1 1

9 15 10 9 8

7 5 10 6 14

Above 5 Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei India Malaysia Switzerland Israel Thailand Viet Nam Singapore Brazil Indonesia Costa Rica Philippines Russian Federation South Africa Turkey Bangladesh Trinidad and Tobago Australia Pakistan Honduras Hong Kong, China Dominican Republic Cambodia Sri Lanka El Salvador Norway Nicaragua Egypt Chile Guatemala Colombia Argentina Jordan New Zealand

1247947 55020 37803 31700 23231 21968 21050 20883 18245 17230 15253 13107 9972 7980 5852 5447 5444 4937 4521 4241 3603 3428 3185 2971 2787 2209 2095 2033 1854 1552 1459 1453 1385 1163 1143 1125

77.1 3.4 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

4 1 9 -5 9 4 2 19 3 -2 5 23 -1 7 9 3 9 9 3 1 1 -13 -4 6 0 2 4 11 8 5 -5 -3 -2 -2 1

16 16 17 -4 26 12 5 15 8 34 10 17 8 26 19 22 13 32 14 8 11 -9 14 17 19 8 -4 31 14 45 12 2 22 8 20

3 -5 5 4 1 -4 10 19 3 12 2 21 9 -3 -10 27 -1 -1 -16 -7 2 8 2 0 8 6 -9 4 -5 12 -3 1 -3 10 8

Above 40

1605276

99.2

-

-

-

Economy




Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

China a b

Japan

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region World Asia Europe North America Middle East South and Central America CIS Africa

Above 40

2012

2012


2011

2012

100.0 68.8 18.5 8.7 2.0 1.0 0.7 0.4

12 10 15 12 23 17 2 14

16 13 25 13 45 23 4 25

3 3 -1 4 -1 21 -3 -2

182802 163971 149034 141401 127240

17.3 15.5 14.1 13.4 12.0

15 8 11 15 9

25 11 14 15 8

0 -9 5 17 6

764449 80991 45281 28008 22235 15885 10223 9400 9333 6985 6103 5752 5436 5227 4878 3769 3738 3733 2976 2813 2320 2188 2039 1880 1524 1419 1176 764 746 651 633 487 444 422 405 370

72.2 7.6 4.3 2.6 2.1 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

12 15 14 7 4 56 19 16 13 -8 7 6 28 15 -2 12 43 13 16 7 18 16 18 29 36 22 199 15 29 5 15 8 17 4 64

11 20 12 13 3 61 44 41 34 -6 40 27 24 19 3 37 52 37 16 26 23 14 15 28 155 41 81 50 84 25 -6 19 -14 0 392

5 -2 -4 2 12 87 0 -14 12 -17 -10 -7 37 0 -3 8 -7 -6 -4 3 50 -3 -17 20 2 4 3 -25 1 11 14 7 53 -3 -55

1054684

99.6

-

-

-

World Asia Europe North America South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

417776 278755 76398 55757 2343 1799 1538 1181

100.0 66.7 18.3 13.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3

6 7 5 2 10 4 -4 6

16 18 19 5 -5 27 17 16

4 3 4 7 2 0 -8 -17

China European Union (27) United States Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei

171112 68328 51164 24496 19625

41.0 16.4 12.2 5.9 4.7

9 5 2 4 4

20 20 5 22 0

3 4 6 0 4

Above 5 Thailand Malaysia Viet Nam Indonesia Switzerland Philippines Singapore India Mexico Canada Brazil South Africa Israel Australia New Zealand Bangladesh Norway Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Hong Kong, China Kazakhstan Myanmar Russian Federation Cambodia Turkey Pakistan Costa Rica Panama Chile New Caledonia Sri Lanka Tunisia French Polynesia Dominican Republic Uruguay Argentina

334724 16184 10135 9101 8168 7096 6549 6130 2582 2517 2076 1302 1269 1040 1036 688 687 596 590 581 548 536 535 397 322 257 256 236 173 146 118 111 95 86 81 73

80.1 3.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 3 19 6 7 1 5 9 9 1 11 -5 5 5 4 28 5 7 -9 8 27 7 21 15 13 5 134 0 3 6 20 0 10 10 10

10 15 23 18 13 14 5 23 6 1 8 16 29 11 21 51 15 50 1 25 65 8 46 10 126 -36 -64 7 27 25 35 8 38 16 28

3 -10 20 6 5 12 7 10 14 8 -6 -9 8 -2 11 29 -23 -3 -19 -24 19 -10 31 18 3 28 133 -6 -39 4 -5 -4 -6 -2 13

Above 40

417021

99.8

-

-

-

Economy


Above 5 United States Malaysia Thailand Singapore Philippines Viet Nam Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Switzerland India Hong Kong, China Canada Indonesia Costa Rica Mexico Russian Federation Brazil Iran South Africa Israel Australia Pakistan Kazakhstan Norway Kuwait United Arab Emirates Turkey Oman Qatar Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of Belarus Colombia New Zealand Chile Argentina Myanmar

Share

Region 1058812 728601 195437 91621 20819 10935 7106 4178

Economy European Union (27) Japan Korea, Republic of China Chinese Taipei

Value

a In 2012, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 13 per cent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata. b Includes significant imports into processing zones.



83

Table II.31

Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

4385 1715 1925 1102 710 463 423 5 418 283 133 152 269 262 211 195 180 163 140 108

0.8 13.0 11.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.6 2.7 2.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1

1.9 12.1 11.5 2.5 1.1 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.1 2.6 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4

42.9 14.2 4.7 13.8 9.6 3.3 0.5 2.5 1.3 1.2 3.0 3.0 3.7 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.7 0.5

38.2 14.9 16.8 9.6 6.2 4.0 0.0 2.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.9

4 7 16 6 4 9 6 -15 7 6 6 7 7 6 0 7 14 10 4 9

11 16 31 18 34 28 22 16 22 28 32 26 30 36 19 12 22 29 22 13

16 18 20 11 7 15 9 -14 10 10 11 8 11 11 10 20 34 13 6 18

-5 0 9 5 -2 -2 4 -11 4 1 0 1 9 -3 3 -6 -2 2 -1 4

10399

-

-

92.4

90.5

-

-

-

-

3905 1235 1618 1059 453 35 418 340 290 257 253 227 75 188 178 163 163 163

11.2 1.1 1.1 2.3 3.7 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.9

15.4 1.7 0.9 4.1 3.8 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.5

40.1 12.6 19.8 3.5 0.6 4.3 4.1 3.1 2.0 0.4 2.2 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.0 2.3

32.6 10.3 13.5 8.8 0.3 3.5 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 0.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

3 4 4 12 7 14 6 5 7 7 20 6 4 16 9 17 10 3

11 17 22 32 25 94 22 21 27 29 50 24 21 24 19 38 36 45

13 10 11 16 11 30 16 11 12 12 34 9 10 22 19 22 17 8

-8 -7 6 3 5 18 4 5 8 -4 3 3 7 -2 10 0 14 -8

9257

-

-

85.7

77.4

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports China a United States Japan Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Singapore domestic exports re-exports Mexico a Chinese Taipei Canada Switzerland India Thailand Malaysia a Turkey Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States China a, b Hong Kong, China retained imports Japan Canada c Mexico a, c Korea, Republic of Russian Federation c, d Singapore retained imports India Australia c Brazil c Thailand Chinese Taipei Above 15 a b c d

84

Includes significant shipments through processing zones In 2012, China reported imports of manufactures from China amounting to $141.4 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes Secretariat estimates.



Table II.32

Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)


Value

a b c d e f

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

2391 | 4 7 1 ... 16 ... 73 1 44 2 0 ... 2 | 1 0 0 76 27 48 13 9 | 10 275 1 61 16 25 2 2 11 4 6 4 ... 37 23 14 8 1 60 62 15 2 9 3 290 ...

4691 9 15 6 5 2 32 1 176 3 220 4 4 3 5 2 2 2012 668 1344 1 192 22 170 33 37 30 450 1 1 155 79 139 5 4 13 8 35 26 6 ... 118 63 54 14 4 72 141 52 5 22 10 7 646 6

9986 22 27 18 13 4 70 5 186 8 1477 9 5 8 4 11 3 4001 1448 2552 4 373 7 366 138 58 54 680 5 7 412 133 222 11 7 24 16 44 83 32 6 254 121 139 33 6 173 245 142 12 88 33 53 944 46

11523 26 31 23 20 5 84 6 204 11 1772 10 6 9 5 13 4 4627 1711 2916 4 408 6 402 184 68 63 725 6 10 473 141 247 14 8 25 18 39 101 42 7 280 133 150 37 7 207 271 159 13 104 43 60 1047 62

11490 25 32 23 22 5 82 7 211 10 1925 10 7 8 5 13 4 4385 1715 2670 4 423 5 418 180 68 58 710 6 12 463 140 269 14 8 24 19 43 104 57 7 283 133 152 35 7 195 262 163 12 108 41 69 1102 77

71.2 30.4 20.4 91.2 51.9 84.9 52.1 94.7 57.2 14.9 91.9 34.7 65.1 68.2 80.6 19.4 78.9 80.7 84.1 79.1 56.7 95.8 80.3 97.0 71.1 45.3 94.5 91.9 71.5 12.0 90.8 74.9 77.0 63.0 31.2 18.1 81.1 89.1 21.6 9.5 63.3 80.6 71.8 91.1 50.5 68.1 91.9 86.5 76.0 74.9 81.3 68.5 19.5 81.0 49.9

64.1 31.2 12.3 93.6 48.7 87.1 33.8 90.1 46.3 13.3 94.0 17.3 60.0 61.7 55.3 43.5 70.3 75.6 79.1 73.4 41.1 85.9 23.3 88.8 61.2 35.9 92.0 88.9 70.0 12.5 84.4 61.6 72.7 63.6 22.2 14.9 75.3 81.8 19.6 14.7 61.0 69.2 58.4 84.3 40.2 69.3 86.2 87.0 71.0 72.5 70.8 59.7 19.8 71.3 67.1

|

|

| | |

|


World Argentina Australia Bangladesh b, c Belarus Botswana Brazil Cambodia c Canada Chile China d Colombia Costa Rica d Croatia Dominican Republic d Egypt c El Salvador d European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Guatemala Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India e Indonesia d Israel e Japan Jordan c Kazakhstan c Korea, Republic of Malaysia d Mexico d Morocco d New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines c, d Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa e Sri Lanka c Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, f United States Viet Nam c

1990

Or nearest year. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Includes significant exports from processing zones. Includes significant exports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in exports of manufactures was 12.0 per cent for India, 29.0 per cent for Israel and 4.7 per cent for South Africa. Mainly re-exports.



85

Table II.33

Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 Algeria b Argentina Australia c Bangladesh b, d Belarus Brazil e Canada c Chile b China f Colombia Costa Rica b, f Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Dominican Republic b, f, g Ecuador Egypt b European Union (27) h extra-EU (27) imports Guatemala f Hong Kong, China retained imports India i Indonesia b, f Iran b Iraq b Israel i Japan Jordan b Kazakhstan b Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait b Lebanon Malaysia f Mexico c, f Morocco f New Zealand Nigeria b Norway Oman b Pakistan Peru Philippines b Qatar b Russian Federation b, c Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa b Sri Lanka b Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Thailand Trinidad and Tobago b Tunisia b Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates b United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam b a b c d e f g h i

86

7 3 32 2 13 93 5 42 4 1 ... ... 2 2 7 1 71 22 12 | 17 15 ... 12 100 1 1 44 3 ... 23 32 4 8 5 21 2 4 2 9 1 18 ... 44 30 13 2 58 1 37 25 1 4 14 9 376 5 2

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

6 22 59 5 4 41 201 12 170 9 5 1 6 7 3 8 1963 617 3 193 27 22 30 10 2 29 213 3 4 2 98 6 3 68 150 7 11 4 27 3 5 5 29 3 19 22 ... 110 55 18 5 68 2 110 47 2 6 38 6 23 968 12 11

31 48 137 18 17 133 293 41 894 33 10 4 13 9 | 14 32 3755 1202 9 389 23 157 86 38 33 42 347 9 22 7 240 18 10 121 240 21 21 38 58 14 18 22 39 19 182 81 9 202 63 52 8 142 9 164 122 3 16 116 32 96 1369 26 61

34 59 162 22 19 163 325 49 1033 44 12 3 14 10 16 33 4244 1328 11 432 30 192 106 42 33 52 403 9 28 8 268 20 10 130 268 24 24 48 67 16 20 27 42 25 245 100 12 220 70 63 12 166 9 176 143 5 16 142 44 112 1523 30 74

34 55 178 20 22 163 340 54 1059 45 13 5 13 10 17 35 3905 1235 11 453 35 188 119 36 40 50 418 10 34 10 257 21 10 133 290 24 26 44 66 18 20 31 42 28 253 118 12 227 75 63 11 158 4 163 163 5 16 132 48 127 1618 38 82

76.5 86.3 79.9 66.6 46.3 71.9 78.9 68.2 74.7 83.2 74.8 46.9 72.9 55.9 72.3 40.8 73.5 62.7 71.2 91.6 45.6 47.0 63.1 67.0 ... 72.5 53.6 57.4 78.2 64.3 60.5 80.2 53.3 78.8 83.5 61.8 76.7 80.6 78.8 75.8 58.4 66.0 76.4 89.2 71.9 78.3 65.5 76.1 58.5 68.9 64.8 82.1 51.8 71.7 69.5 51.1 72.0 66.4 57.0 61.4 71.5 78.7 69.4

71.5 79.6 71.0 57.3 46.4 73.1 73.6 67.5 58.2 76.1 72.5 46.5 61.5 55.6 67.4 50.6 65.8 53.7 64.2 81.9 42.3 38.5 62.8 62.6 71.0 65.8 47.2 49.5 76.8 58.7 49.5 81.2 46.5 67.8 78.2 53.8 67.6 86.5 75.1 63.3 45.0 73.2 63.6 83.0 80.1 75.6 61.5 59.7 37.6 61.8 58.6 79.8 54.1 60.2 65.8 49.8 67.4 55.9 56.1 55.4 69.3 62.7 72.4

|

|

| |

|

Or nearest year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Imports are valued f.o.b. Figures refer to fiscal year. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. Includes significant imports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in total imports of manufactures was 9.0 per cent for India and 15.0 per cent for Israel.



4.1 Iron and steel Table II.34

Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value




2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

486

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

6

25

-8

197 142 13 12 11 10 4 4

100.0 77.3 6.5 6.6 4.2 2.7 1.2 1.2

100.0 71.9 6.9 6.3 5.4 5.1 2.1 2.0

47.6 36.8 3.1 3.2 2.0 1.3 0.6 0.6

40.5 29.1 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.1 0.9 0.8

4 3 5 3 8 14 13 12

26 26 31 30 18 13 17 35

-13 -16 9 -8 4 7 11 -20

167 101 20 15 14 7 6 4

100.0 70.7 12.8 7.6 5.0 1.0 2.0 0.8

100.0 60.2 12.2 9.2 8.3 4.4 3.3 2.3

26.4 18.7 3.4 2.0 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.2

34.4 20.7 4.2 3.2 2.9 1.5 1.2 0.8

10 8 10 13 19 37 19 28

25 21 43 44 21 13 23 36

-5 -6 6 -22 2 2 1 8

44 33 5 2 2 1 1 0

100.0 80.6 8.5 4.7 3.5 0.9 1.3 0.4

100.0 75.2 10.4 5.6 4.0 2.2 1.5 1.0

8.7 7.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

9.0 6.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

7 6 10 10 9 22 9 24

11 8 26 17 43 -10 6 40

-6 -10 9 26 -10 5 2 -13

124 68 16 14 11 6 5 3

100.0 65.8 14.9 9.6 5.2 1.0 2.4 1.1

100.0 54.9 12.8 11.0 9.2 5.2 4.0 2.8

17.7 11.7 2.6 1.7 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.2

25.4 14.0 3.3 2.8 2.3 1.3 1.0 0.7

12 9 10 14 22 41 21 28

31 28 49 44 21 18 26 35

-5 -5 5 -24 -2 1 1 11

53 18 16 8 6 3 2 1

100.0 33.0 17.9 24.0 10.9 5.5 6.3 1.8

100.0 34.0 29.1 15.3 10.3 5.7 3.6 0.9

11.0 3.6 2.0 2.6 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.2

11.0 3.7 3.2 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.1

6 7 14 0 5 7 -2 -3

23 22 36 19 22 27 3 -44

-4 -4 4 -7 -31 14 19 18



World Europe World Europe North America Asia Middle East Africa South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Japan World Asia North America Middle East Europe South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Other economies in Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Asia Middle East North America Africa South and Central America


87

Table II.35

Imports of iron and steel of the European Union (27) and the United States by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27) Value

Share

2012

2011

United States Annual percentage change 2005-12

2011

2012

Region

Share

2012

2011


2011

2012

Region

World Europe Asia CIS South and Central America North America Africa Middle East

158468 129437 10772 10520 2612 2069 2022 239

100.0 81.7 6.8 6.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.2

3 3 11 2 -2 2 -5 -7

29 26 54 30 78 25 4 80

-19 -17 -30 -26 -30 -8 -29 -47

123841 5636 4526 4170 2001

78.1 3.6 2.9 2.6 1.3

3 1 14 4 10

26 21 59 44 67

-16 -20 -32 -32 -23

Above 5 Korea, Republic of United States Turkey South Africa Brazil Switzerland Norway Japan Chinese Taipei Belarus FYR Macedonia Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Colombia Canada Serbia New Caledonia Bosnia and Herzegovina Iceland Zimbabwe Indonesia Egypt Kazakhstan Iran, Islamic Rep. of Thailand Mexico Chile Armenia UNMIK/Kosovo Trinidad and Tobago Malaysia

140174 1811 1745 1691 1628 1596 1584 1316 925 850 446 390 378 363 231 226 174 172 146 144 136 132 112 108 98 94 91 88 85 80 80

88.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

17 6 -1 -3 3 3 0 5 12 6 -2 -4 1 4 3 0 18 14 6 -4 -12 -15 -14 -4 -19 -18 -13 150 15 4

46 25 81 4 107 32 18 10 62 34 13 78 -14 19 4 45 67 12 62 48 19 -5 64 28 35 160 4 14 39 81

-23 -7 -41 -22 -32 -18 -18 -20 -35 -30 -35 -30 13 -16 -71 -36 24 -8 -24 -67 -57 -9 -45 -1 -7 -49 -31 -29 -65 -9

Above 35

157096

99.1

-

-

-

Economy

World Asia Europe North America South and Central America CIS Africa Middle East

44962 14500 11153 9022 5723 3371 901 291

100.0 32.3 24.8 20.1 12.7 7.5 2.0 0.6

6 9 5 2 4 7 2 27

32 41 25 12 90 27 15 114

10 13 22 -2 6 10 -8 -5

9798 6311 3788 3760 3425

21.8 14.0 8.4 8.4 7.6

5 4 4 14 11

24 7 129 53 36

19 1 2 22 19

Above 5 China Mexico Russian Federation India Chinese Taipei Turkey South Africa Trinidad and Tobago Ukraine Argentina Viet Nam Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Thailand Australia Kazakhstan Colombia Philippines Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Switzerland Malaysia Georgia Norway Chile Indonesia New Zealand Dominican Republic New Caledonia United Arab Emirates Belarus Israel

27083 3070 2711 2430 1498 1344 1053 850 800 579 433 336 321 282 258 183 174 149 148 132 130 127 125 118 82 76 72 53 51 51 46

60.2 6.8 6.0 5.4 3.3 3.0 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

3 -1 9 10 8 6 5 30 2 10 95 -10 4 -2 3 0 27 74 14 -4 45 2 17 23 7 -9 13 23 13 8

45 25 31 9 27 43 15 31 25 50 168 42 57 71 11 -7 197 386 67 54 22 -23 9 49 57 … 27 100 13 41

9 -9 20 8 15 69 -9 19 -7 20 100 14 87 -61 -26 7 59 12 37 30 1 22 20 -19 -23 -48 -39 -26 53 -35

Above 35

44763

99.6

-

-

-

Economy

European Union (27) Russian Federation China Ukraine India

88

Value


European Union (27) Canada Brazil Korea, Republic of Japan


Table II.36

Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

Exporters European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports China a Japan Korea, Republic of Russian Federation United States Ukraine Turkey Chinese Taipei Brazil India Canada South Africa Kazakhstan b Mexico a

178 55 54 44 30 28 21 17 13 11 11 11 8 6 6 5

0.3 20.1 2.2 4.2 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.1 2.3 1.6 0.1

1.2 11.8 3.4 3.3 1.4 0.8 3.4 0.2 1.9 2.0 0.7

46.9 11.5 3.1 10.4 4.7 5.3 4.4 3.6 1.3 3.2 2.5 0.9 2.2 1.9 0.8 1.2

36.7 11.2 11.1 9.0 6.2 5.8 4.3 3.6 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0

3 5 16 7 11 6 9 5 12 4 3 11 4 1 16 3

21 11 67 35 40 19 30 38 13 28 20 64 47 51 33 52

26 26 40 11 30 13 18 28 26 17 41 -1 7 -1 58 20

-13 -5 -3 -6 -5 4 3 -15 2 -11 -11 4 1 -18 -3 -13

Above 15

444

-

-

92.3

91.3

-

-

-

-

Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States China a Korea, Republic of Thailand Canada c Indonesia Mexico a, c Turkey India Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Japan Chinese Taipei Russian Federation b, c United Arab Emirates b

158 35 45 23 21 15 13 12 12 11 11 11 10 9 9 9

10.1 2.7 1.2 0.6 1.6 1.2 2.2 0.4 1.0 2.3 1.1 1.4 0.7

9.5 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.7 4.1 2.5 0.4

40.9 7.5 12.7 6.4 3.5 1.8 3.5 1.1 2.6 1.6 0.5 0.7 2.4 3.1 0.9 0.6

31.0 6.8 8.8 4.5 4.2 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7

3 3 6 -2 5 8 5 17 10 7 14 18 5 1 13 13

28 38 43 -5 30 55 45 40 36 27 24 233 63 63 62 0

29 38 32 8 13 18 19 26 15 19 15 34 36 16 38 32

-19 -27 10 -16 -17 10 3 28 23 -4 -3 18 -15 -14 -13 13

Above 15

369

-

-

82.3

72.2

-

-

-

-


2012

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b.



89

4.2 Chemicals Table II.37

Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

World Europe World Europe North America Asia Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America Africa Middle East Asia World Asia Europe North America South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) China World Asia Europe North America South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Other economies in Asia World Asia Europe North America South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America World North America Europe Asia South and Central America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

90





2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

1957

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

9

17

-2

1040 703 114 99 40 26 26 26

100.0 72.2 11.5 7.6 2.4 1.6 2.0 1.9

100.0 67.6 10.9 9.5 3.8 2.5 2.5 2.5

60.0 43.3 6.9 4.5 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.2

53.2 35.9 5.8 5.1 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3

7 6 6 10 14 14 10 10

14 14 9 16 20 17 14 15

-4 -5 0 0 2 7 4 -1

449 286 61 48 19 14 14 7

100.0 65.2 15.0 12.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.2

100.0 63.8 13.7 10.7 4.2 3.1 3.0 1.5

18.6 12.1 2.8 2.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2

22.9 14.6 3.1 2.4 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.4

12 11 10 10 24 18 17 16

23 21 30 18 42 28 24 32

-1 -2 -5 5 8 4 1 4

114 51 22 19 8 5 5 4

100.0 42.7 24.1 19.6 4.5 3.0 3.4 2.6

100.0 44.6 19.4 16.9 7.1 4.5 4.1 3.4

3.2 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

5.8 2.6 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2

18 19 14 15 26 25 22 22

31 34 25 27 37 39 34 31

-1 -3 -7 3 10 7 3 8

335 235 39 29 11 9 9 3

100.0 70.0 13.1 10.6 1.5 1.9 2.0 0.9

100.0 70.2 11.7 8.6 3.2 2.6 2.6 0.9

15.3 10.7 2.0 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1

17.1 12.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2

10 10 9 7 23 16 15 10

21 19 33 13 46 23 19 32

-1 -1 -3 7 7 3 -1 -1

259 92 63 61 33 4 3 1

100.0 39.6 27.6 21.8 8.7 1.2 0.8 0.3

100.0 35.6 24.4 23.6 12.8 1.6 1.2 0.6

14.0 5.5 3.9 3.1 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

13.2 4.7 3.2 3.1 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.1

8 6 6 9 14 13 14 17

11 16 2 10 21 4 17 15

-1 1 -2 -4 1 11 8 6


Table II.38

Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

941 354 207 114 84 79 61 54 40 13 38 37 35 35 33 23 20 2 18 17

14.8 0.8 4.0 4.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.6

13.3 1.3 4.7 5.3 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 2.2 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6

53.9 18.7 13.7 2.1 3.7 6.0 2.4 1.6 1.1 0.6 1.6 2.5 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.7

48.1 18.1 10.6 5.8 4.3 4.0 3.1 2.8 2.1 0.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.2 0.1 0.9

6 8 8 18 9 6 12 11 10 14 10 5 18 17 14 15 5 5 5 12

9 13 18 41 11 28 31 31 26 43 37 19 79 27 30 36 23 28 23 31

14 15 9 31 15 8 24 30 21 35 14 19 40 33 25 35 8 1 9 19

-4 0 0 -1 -3 -7 1 5 5 4 -7 -7 15 10 9 1 -2 -8 -2 -10

1758

-

-

91.6

89.9

-

-

-

-

795 208 200 179 73 47 47 45 44 42 42 38 36 29 26 12 25

6.2 2.0 4.1 1.3 2.2 ... 2.5 2.4 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.2

7.7 2.2 5.0 2.4 2.5 1.0 2.6 1.1 1.2 2.3 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.3

43.7 10.5 12.2 4.9 4.2 2.2 3.2 0.8 2.2 1.6 2.4 0.6 2.5 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.3

39.9 10.4 10.0 9.0 3.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.3

6 8 6 13 10 10 6 19 7 16 8 17 7 9 11 8 9

9 16 15 33 25 31 14 27 13 28 23 35 44 25 42 41 18

15 19 14 21 24 17 10 23 16 29 16 22 16 23 22 11 22

-5 -4 -1 -1 -3 -2 2 5 -1 1 6 3 -10 -5 2 0 1

1667

-

-

84.2

83.7

-

-

-

-

Exporters

Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States China a Japan Korea, Republic of Canada c India Switzerland Brazil c Mexico a, c Russian Federation b, c Chinese Taipei Turkey Singapore retained imports Australia c Above 15


European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports United States China a Switzerland Japan Korea, Republic of Singapore domestic exports re-exports Chinese Taipei Canada Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b India Russian Federation Thailand Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Israel

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b.



91

Table II.39

Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

327 144 59 45 12 11 9 8 1 7 6 5 4 4 2 2 0 1 2 2

70.4 26.5 9.4 9.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.0 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2

64.5 28.4 11.6 8.8 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.6 0.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3

8 10 12 8 18 22 18 20 7 18 132 6 9 3 6 14 11 14 18 17

4 11 10 1 24 20 6 4 19 42 -21 -11 12 5 12 6 16 4 16 3

9 16 17 -4 11 33 15 16 10 9 71 -1 8 4 20 6 9 5 16 8

-1 0 0 5 1 14 30 33 5 -7 11 -8 16 -11 7 -7 17 -13 2 16

494

97.7

97.4

-

-

-

-

258 74 69 24 22 14 14 13 11 8 5 5 5 5 4 4

55.7 13.5 13.8 2.9 4.6 0.8 1.5 2.7 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.3

49.9 14.4 13.3 4.7 4.2 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7

7 10 8 17 8 29 18 7 10 18 10 62 13 15 5 24

2 6 9 22 8 20 31 2 16 33 10 2 14 44 8 20

7 16 7 25 19 41 19 6 27 6 5 73 10 12 6 10

-2 1 -2 12 -2 23 0 -2 -1 5 9 7 7 18 -15 19

459

88.6

88.8

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports Switzerland United States China a India Singapore domestic exports re-exports Israel Panama b Canada Australia Japan Mexico a Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Brazil Korea, Republic of Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States Japan Switzerland China a Russian Federation b, c Canada c Australia c Brazil c Mexico a, c Panama b Korea, Republic of Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Turkey Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b.

92



4.3 Office and telecom equipment Table II.40

Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value




2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

1674

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

4

4

-1

1074 590 233 190 20 19 12 9

100.0 51.2 24.5 21.2 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.6

100.0 55.0 21.7 17.7 1.9 1.8 1.1 0.8

54.7 28.0 13.4 11.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3

64.2 35.3 13.9 11.4 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.5

6 7 5 4 16 15 19 13

5 5 6 1 24 18 27 7

2 6 1 -10 -1 1 12 -6

540 208 163 130 14 11 8 6

100.0 33.0 34.0 29.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8

100.0 38.6 30.1 24.1 2.7 2.0 1.5 1.0

17.8 5.9 6.0 5.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

32.3 12.4 9.7 7.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3

13 16 11 10 27 24 24 18

11 14 11 5 30 16 24 3

9 23 9 -8 -1 7 17 -6

534 382 70 60 9 6 3 3

100.0 59.9 19.9 17.4 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.3

100.0 71.5 13.2 11.3 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.6

36.9 22.1 7.3 6.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1

31.9 22.8 4.2 3.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2

2 4 -4 -4 8 4 7 12

1 2 -2 -5 20 11 15 34

-5 -1 -13 -13 -5 -2 -7 3

357 271 33 15 14 11 9 3

100.0 74.0 8.9 5.4 3.5 4.7 2.5 1.0

100.0 76.0 9.1 4.2 3.9 3.2 2.5 0.8

29.9 22.2 2.7 1.6 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.3

21.3 16.2 2.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2

-1 -1 -1 -4 1 -6 -1 -3

3 1 7 -1 18 27 26 21

-8 -8 -6 -5 -2 -12 -23 -15

214 112 51 22 22 5 1 1

100.0 45.6 30.3 14.8 7.2 1.2 0.6 0.2

100.0 52.1 24.0 10.2 10.1 2.5 0.6 0.3

13.9 6.3 4.2 2.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

12.8 6.7 3.1 1.3 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

3 5 -1 -3 8 14 3 6

3 4 -1 3 4 35 6 22

1 1 -1 -4 5 35 31 20



World Asia World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa China World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Other economies in Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe World Europe Asia North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East Africa South and Central America North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)


93

Table II.41

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World Europe Asia North America South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

477975 251292 196495 19466 7297 1366 1196 585

100.0 52.6 41.1 4.1 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.1

1 -1 3 -5 13 -21 4 13

0 0 -2 2 15 2 7 1

-8 -9 -8 -12 12 -19 -20 14

246607 118752 15062 13214 12823

51.6 24.8 3.2 2.8 2.7

0 10 -7 -6 1

0 4 2 -12 -1

-9 -9 -12 -15 -18

Above 5 Chinese Taipei Viet Nam Korea, Republic of Costa Rica Singapore Thailand Hong Kong, China Mexico Philippines Turkey Switzerland Indonesia India Israel Canada

406457 10881 10217 9686 7035 6163 5071 3779 3404 2847 2212 1784 1374 1351 1008 997

85.0 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

-5 84 -8 16 -8 2 -3 11 -8 -5 -10 -3 21 -1 -9

-3 232 -35 15 -7 -17 -11 8 -8 -3 -7 -24 -10 0 -11

-23 137 -12 12 -17 -6 -13 -12 -18 13 -17 13 -22 -18 -12

Above 20

474267

99.2

-

-

-

Economy


305409 233697 50812 11468 8051 1186 170 26

100.0 76.5 16.6 3.8 2.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

4 4 5 -3 24 -2 5 5

4 6 -3 2 18 -10 18 -2

3 2 3 -1 22 0 4 -11

153371 46201 15078 14637 14012

50.2 15.1 4.9 4.8 4.6

10 8 -8 -6 1

10 -3 -9 -3 19

8 4 3 -5 -21

Above 5 Korea, Republic of European Union (27) Thailand Costa Rica Singapore Canada Philippines Viet Nam Indonesia Israel Hong Kong, China India Switzerland Norway Australia

243300 12565 10967 10186 7852 5822 4611 3520 1445 1441 1168 824 577 241 236 148

79.7 4.1 3.6 3.3 2.6 1.9 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

-2 -3 4 43 -6 -7 -2 38 -4 -2 -4 16 -2 2 5

-2 3 1 20 -5 1 5 9 -5 -10 -27 -2 18 -34 16

-23 0 16 23 -8 -5 14 49 -11 -1 20 -13 -12 -16 -3

Above 20

304902

99.8

-

-

-

Economy

European Union (27) China United States Japan Malaysia

94

Value


China Mexico Malaysia Japan Chinese Taipei


Table II.41FRQWLQXHG

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

China a b

Japan

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 346761 316650 13422 10652 5172 649 193 22

100 91 3.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.0

12 12 6 5 28 16 -2 -9

10 11 -10 8 24 -44 8 -15

14 14 1 4 38 50 -13 -34

China Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of Malaysia Japan

86064 60939 59080 35192 29932

24.8 17.6 17.0 10.1 8.6

17 14 14 15 5

16 11 10 19 4

26 19 21 -4 -2

Above 5 Thailand Philippines United States European Union (27) Singapore Viet Nam Costa Rica Mexico Hong Kong, China Indonesia Canada Israel Switzerland Morocco India

271208 14351 13186 10674 10298 8267 6462 5126 1728 1722 1143 1020 639 243 185 174

78.2 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

13 2 5 5 2 98 28 10 -10 -2 8 17 5 -2 23

4 1 -15 7 -1 96 24 12 -6 14 12 -44 14 6 -17

-7 15 5 6 0 164 38 -8 -30 -13 -21 48 -8 -12 -24

Above 20

346426

99.9

-

-

-

Economy

World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa CIS

90233 79699 7405 2574 312 186 53 4

100.0 88.3 8.2 2.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

4 6 -3 -2 9 0 30 -7

6 7 -4 1 -11 -39 25 -13

4 4 -3 0 73 12 -4 18

China Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of United States Malaysia

50625 8716 6945 6504 4421

56.1 9.7 7.7 7.2 4.9

11 2 0 -3 0

14 -16 13 -5 8

8 10 -4 -4 -19

Above 5 Thailand European Union (27) Singapore Philippines Indonesia Mexico Viet Nam Israel Canada Costa Rica Hong Kong, China Tunisia India Switzerland Norway

77211 3345 2521 2262 1961 828 696 457 312 205 172 72 44 35 34 18

85.6 3.7 2.8 2.5 2.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

-1 -2 -3 -8 0 7 24 9 -9 0 -19 222 33 1 0

-7 1 -12 8 -9 5 -21 -11 -6 -42 -28 38 22 9 -28

1 0 -1 11 0 14 12 73 -18 10 -29 -1 9 20 -10

Above 20

90174

99.9

-

-

-

Economy


a In 2012, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 25 per cent of its office and telecom equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata. b Includes significant imports into processing zones.



95

Table II.42

Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

540 349 103 205 1 205 140 121 36 70 92 90 82 63 63 36 19 18 10 8

0.1 2.0 19.5 3.2 2.5 0.7 3.2 2.0 21.1 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.1 ... 2.0 0.1

1.0 1.6 17.3 6.4 4.9 1.5 4.7 4.8 22.5 1.5 2.7 1.2 0.6 ... 1.9 0.0

4.5 29.3 8.7 0.4 15.9 7.7 4.3 3.3 6.0 6.1 11.2 3.5 5.4 1.9 2.6 0.1 2.1 0.8

32.3 20.9 6.1 0.0 8.4 7.2 2.2 4.2 5.5 5.4 4.9 3.8 3.7 2.2 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5

13 -1 -2 9 -20 10 2 2 -3 3 7 1 -2 8 1 6 -3 45 -4 2

30 11 11 26 22 26 19 32 34 29 41 25 17 23 17 23 39 63 -3 30

11 3 11 10 -49 10 5 -3 -2 5 11 -1 -6 -1 -1 -4 -15 97 4 0

9 -9 -8 8 -25 8 -1 -2 -1 -1 -4 -6 -5 6 -6 5 -21 64 -6 -2

1633

-

-

97.5

97.6

-

-

-

-

478 231 347 305 217 12 90 20 90 60 48 46 44 35 29 25 24 23

0.6 15.9 1.7 2.6 1.9 2.6 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.6 4.1 0.2 0.1 1.5

1.3 21.1 1.4 4.5 2.9 3.7 1.5 2.6 2.5 1.9 3.5 1.1 0.2 1.4

34.2 14.7 4.4 21.2 1.3 5.3 2.1 6.0 2.9 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.0 1.4 0.3 0.1 1.1

25.6 12.4 18.5 16.3 0.7 4.8 1.1 4.8 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2

1 2 12 4 10 11 3 1 4 8 4 3 1 3 6 14 18 7

19 28 30 21 28 79 31 36 33 28 19 33 31 23 25 13 59 21

0 -1 10 4 9 -11 0 -17 6 5 8 5 -2 10 5 22 12 15

-8 -8 14 3 9 29 3 19 4 1 -7 -5 -6 -6 8 -3 5 -3

1658

-

-

91.4

88.7

-

-

-

-

Exporters China a European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports United States Singapore domestic exports re-exports Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of Japan Mexico a Malaysia a Thailand Philippines a, b Viet Nam b Canada Indonesia Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports China a, c United States Hong Kong, China retained imports Singapore retained imports Japan Mexico a, d Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Malaysia a Canada d Thailand India Russian Federation b, d Australia d Above 15 a b c d

96

Includes significant shipments through processing zones Includes Secretariat estimates. In 2012, China reported imports of office and telecom equipment from China amounting to $86.1 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. Imports are valued f.o.b.



Table II.43

Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990

a b c d

298551 | 741 692 5622 3126 0 ... 12886 4772 8114 182 124 1226 67032 4 14339 14 8207 4535 110 95 655 4 1835 14 ... 19235 14685 4549 ... 1520 14105 3520 24 259 ... 51658 ...

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

964696 1781 2317 20631 43498 1688 87 282381 84045 198336 50066 3991 46075 388 7280 6939 108178 36 58686 19 52382 34042 506 242 1142 6 25138 332 29 ... 73820 41523 32297 409 2909 57821 18653 49 1008 94 805 153399 652

1613138 2045 2016 10686 449340 1799 256 369660 100430 269229 172770 1824 170946 3775 7975 6891 92557 80 96600 55 67242 60432 682 380 1903 43 27966 1544 284 193 127051 37793 68189 738 3243 86893 36024 991 2076 618 4922 134580 5704

1684862 2397 1827 11111 496761 1973 220 381889 111827 270063 189713 923 188789 6426 7942 6116 86875 103 95978 58 66284 59790 725 442 1707 56 23855 2229 402 205 123724 36985 71332 802 3476 96441 34679 1209 2245 661 5991 141039 11253

1673650 2340 1375 10415 539792 2186 242 349409 102802 246607 205230 693 204536 5401 7804 6972 82485 102 89822 148 62525 63439 680 421 1277 59 18777 2438 513 283 120799 36458 70472 913 3201 92201 36327 1089 2671 858 6943 140166 18479

12.4 1.7 3.1 3.8 29.7 23.9 2.5 9.2 8.9 9.3 37.5 16.8 39.0 0.9 7.8 12.4 16.5 3.2 29.2 2.2 42.8 17.8 6.0 1.7 1.3 0.5 57.7 0.2 0.1 0.5 44.3 36.6 53.4 1.2 2.4 28.5 21.6 1.6 4.4 0.5 4.1 13.9 4.2

9.3 0.9 0.6 2.3 26.3 19.1 2.0 6.0 4.7 6.8 41.6 3.1 43.5 1.8 4.1 11.0 10.3 1.3 16.4 14.5 27.5 17.1 3.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 36.1 0.5 0.1 2.5 29.6 16.0 39.1 1.0 1.4 30.6 15.8 6.4 1.8 1.3 2.0 9.1 16.1

| | | |


World Australia Brazil Canada China b Costa Rica b Croatia European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Israel Japan Jordan c Korea, Republic of Macao, China c Malaysia b Mexico b Morocco b New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines b, c Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, d United States Viet Nam c

2000

Or nearest year. Includes significant exports from processing zones. Includes Secretariat estimates. Mainly re-exports.



97

Table II.44

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Brazil e Canada b Chile China f Colombia Costa Rica f Croatia Dominican Republic d, f, g Ecuador Egypt El Salvador f Ethiopia d European Union (27) h extra-EU (27) imports Guatemala f Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan d Kazakhstan d Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Macao, China Malaysia f Mexico b, f Morocco f New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Pakistan Panama d Paraguay Peru Philippines d Qatar d Russian Federation b, d Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa Sudan d Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d a b c d e f g h

98

253 305 4343 91 1514 10475 456 4058 365 84 ... ... 57 226 ... 29 61 12326 4212 662 | 892 ... 939 11273 56 124 7741 128 64 5744 4640 306 905 ... 1732 236 65 320 100 2044 52 811 ... 13392 8842 ... ... 4797 7438 3421 149 1234 698 63365 367 ...

2000 444 3477 10771 199 194 7601 30418 1681 44427 1048 977 418 ... 200 591 325 64 347592 149172 419 59370 13295 2630 705 530 4894 60861 201 261 142 34012 409 104 32405 29011 1212 1618 148 3352 372 244 224 656 15150 143 1232 1242 ... 54107 21810 3364 96 8045 38646 14055 318 5522 327 2055 215544 1189 1038

2010

|

|

|

| |

1215 5243 20591 1377 869 17482 33263 5040 278043 4095 2102 1181 726 | 1390 2020 480 720 524568 255339 952 181730 10784 21142 11253 2089 5527 82386 652 1135 843 48053 922 714 47702 56949 2080 2572 2989 5863 1205 1658 2202 2354 18316 1019 20531 7529 748 88285 20096 8077 366 10601 46531 25366 1341 8462 1936 6667 284713 2357 7304

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

1497 6381 23702 1444 792 20341 36669 5750 305152 4825 2760 1031 630 1641 2243 528 353 522180 252118 1017 198368 9579 25814 12857 3113 6451 86937 757 2169 788 51829 1223 1051 46576 59844 2118 3001 3783 6399 1508 1869 2166 2868 18310 1310 23039 10388 816 88063 16731 8910 599 11815 48905 26670 1555 9437 2156 6602 297289 2266 10695

1988 5725 22980 1119 1146 20057 34573 6000 346761 5334 2701 962 641 1705 2456 533 502 477975 231368 971 216859 12322 25120 13254 3193 6504 90233 856 2621 890 48323 928 1305 43965 60474 1573 2989 3446 6290 1848 2005 1852 3377 16007 1499 24107 12277 740 90420 19948 8227 353 10910 46388 28726 1519 10067 3184 7480 305409 3025 16026

7.5 11.6 11.8 5.4 2.4 11.9 8.8 8.2 24.3 13.1 21.2 6.1 2.9 10.4 3.9 3.6 7.0 10.9 13.8 6.0 37.4 19.6 7.0 2.8 5.5 9.2 13.0 6.8 3.9 4.1 14.4 5.7 9.6 36.6 16.3 6.9 9.4 ... 8.8 8.5 8.9 13.0 8.3 44.4 5.0 7.8 6.5 5.5 37.2 19.2 11.2 4.6 7.3 21.1 16.2 4.5 6.0 3.9 7.6 13.5 10.7 6.3

4.2 8.4 9.2 3.3 2.5 9.0 7.5 7.6 19.1 9.0 15.4 4.6 3.5 6.8 3.5 5.2 4.0 8.0 10.1 5.7 39.2 14.9 5.1 7.0 5.6 8.6 10.2 4.1 5.9 5.5 9.3 3.6 14.5 22.4 16.3 3.5 7.8 6.8 7.2 4.2 8.6 16.0 7.9 24.5 4.4 7.6 7.9 3.9 23.8 10.0 8.1 3.7 5.5 17.2 11.6 6.2 4.3 3.8 3.3 13.1 5.0 14.1

Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.



4.3.1 EDP equipment Table II.45

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region World Europe Asia North America South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 190426 95644 79673 7231 6995 598 174 97

100.0 50.2 41.8 3.8 3.7 0.3 0.1 0.1

-1 -2 2 -10 23 -1 0 6

-1 -1 -3 8 15 29 -13 12

-4 -6 -2 -11 12 -24 6 -15

94445 54510 6947 6314 5600

49.6 28.6 3.6 3.3 2.9

-3 8 25 -11 5

-1 2 15 9 -5

-5 0 12 -10 -12

Above 5 Japan Singapore Thailand Chinese Taipei Viet Nam Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of Switzerland Philippines Mexico Israel Indonesia Canada India Norway

167815 5562 2947 2883 2672 1830 1163 1149 962 835 635 458 292 281 152 119

88.1 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

-4 -9 2 -16 49 -9 -13 3 -12 -3 5 -10 -11 10 -4

-15 -19 -21 3 34 -11 -22 -6 -9 4 25 -18 -10 -9 21

-10 -16 15 -20 169 4 -24 -18 16 -10 -19 -1 -25 -6 -9

Above 20

189754

99.6

-

-

-

Economy


124829 103766 17134 3406 307 187 27 1

100.0 83.1 13.7 2.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

3 3 10 -7 0 -12 21 -5

2 4 6 2 0 -91 63 -36

1 1 8 -5 -7 -30 57 -35

77625 16192 5650 4770 3606

62.2 13.0 4.5 3.8 2.9

9 13 -7 8 -8

11 7 -3 -12 -12

1 10 -11 44 -8

Above 5 European Union (27) Malaysia Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of Philippines Canada Viet Nam Indonesia Israel Hong Kong, China Costa Rica India Switzerland Australia Norway

107844 3273 3251 3210 2938 943 942 840 529 301 211 137 131 92 38 36

86.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

-7 -18 -6 -1 -4 -10 33 2 0 -1 -9 19 1 -2 -1

1 -38 26 -17 -11 -4 8 -11 0 54 -92 37 31 9 8

-5 -11 -10 -9 41 -21 75 24 -8 -9 -36 -8 -17 -22 2

Above 20

124715

99.9

-

-

-

Economy


China Mexico Japan Thailand Singapore



European Union (27) China Costa Rica United States Malaysia

99


Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

China a b

Japan

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America CIS Africa

63995 60386 1955 1564 79 10 1 1

100.0 94.4 3.1 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 10 -5 -1 17 20 8 4

2 2 -6 9 13 -41 -91 1

11 12 -2 -3 2 204 189 -16

China Thailand Philippines Japan Korea, Republic of

25982 9703 5865 4955 3999

40.6 15.2 9.2 7.7 6.2

13 16 13 2 6

4 7 13 -7 -16

23 1 38 6 -4

Above 5 Malaysia Chinese Taipei Singapore United States European Union (27) Viet Nam Indonesia Mexico Hong Kong, China Israel Canada India Switzerland Norway Australia

50504 3870 2754 1730 1638 1530 729 665 277 93 78 41 31 20 13 8

78.9 6.0 4.3 2.7 2.6 2.4 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

15 2 -5 -4 -1 54 -4 -5 -23 17 -16 18 0 24 -1

7 -8 -4 -8 9 3 39 2 -2 13 -7 59 15 8 68

-4 1 -19 1 -3 32 -1 -20 -26 1 -4 -10 -2 -46 -11

Above 20

63980

100.0

-

-

-

Economy

World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Middle East CIS Africa

27116 25072 1380 567 51 46 0 0

100.0 92.5 5.1 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

0 1 -11 -12 8 -9 23 -34

7 6 12 1 22 -16 -18 -64

1 2 -8 -20 30 1 -20 -68

20013 1333 1198 813 663

73.8 4.9 4.4 3.0 2.4

5 -1 -11 -10 -5

13 -15 15 -21 4

4 19 -6 3 -9

Above 5 Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of European Union (27) Philippines Indonesia Mexico Viet Nam Israel Costa Rica Canada Hong Kong, China Brazil Switzerland India Australia

24021 575 559 555 529 418 153 131 46 39 28 21 11 9 9 6

88.6 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

-14 -13 -12 -8 6 -6 23 -9 7 -23 -26 12 -5 23 -3

-38 27 1 -26 22 6 34 -16 4 -17 28 … 41 -36 -24

-18 -27 -20 17 1 -19 5 1 19 -10 -27 84 -7 -4 -19

Above 20

27111

100.0

-

-

-

Economy China Thailand United States Singapore Malaysia

a In 2012, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 41 per cent of its EDP and office equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata. b Includes significant imports into processing zones.

100



Table II.46

Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

228 128 34 56 0 55 51 26 12 11 21 19 18 17 11 10 6 4 3 3

23.7 31.9 7.6 0.4 10.0 6.9 4.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 5.2 4.9 3.8 3.2 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.6

41.2 23.1 6.1 0.1 9.2 4.7 2.2 2.0 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.1 1.9 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5

11 -2 -1 6 -19 7 1 -3 -7 0 9 7 -4 -4 -7 -6 -5 24 -4 -1

31 1 2 33 -2 33 16 20 15 31 52 18 13 11 33 28 25 24 -1 51

6 2 8 13 105 13 10 -7 -12 -1 17 -10 -4 -25 -19 0 -14 30 2 -6

4 -5 -2 13 33 12 2 -5 -6 -6 13 15 -7 -5 -13 -13 -38 41 -11 12

Above 15

544

98.2

98.3

-

-

-

-

Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States China a, c Hong Kong, China retained imports Japan Singapore retained imports Mexico a, d Canada d Australia d Thailand Korea, Republic of Russian Federation b, d Malaysia a India Brazil d

190 96 125 64 53 ... 27 17 6 17 13 10 9 9 8 8 8 6

41.6 18.2 20.7 7.4 ... 5.7 4.0 1.7 2.3 2.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.4 2.0 0.7 0.4

33.2 16.7 21.7 11.1 ... 4.7 3.0 1.1 2.9 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.0

-1 1 3 9 7 ... 0 -2 -4 6 1 6 7 4 25 -3 13 17

12 25 24 32 30 ... 25 21 4 34 21 26 11 35 54 -1 22 36

-1 -1 2 2 9 ... 7 -1 0 6 9 11 5 -3 7 -2 29 9

-4 -2 1 11 15 ... 1 -1 8 6 -5 -1 19 -5 5 -8 12 9

Above 15 e

512

91.8

89.2

-

-

-

-

a b c d e


2012 Exporters China a European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports United States Singapore domestic exports re-exports Mexico a Thailand Japan Malaysia a Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Philippines a, b Viet Nam b Canada Indonesia

Includes significant shipments through processing zones Includes Secretariat estimates. In 2012, China reported imports of EDP and office equipment imports from China amounting to $26.0 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. Imports are valued f.o.b. Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.



101

Table II.47

Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 World Australia Brazil Canada China b Costa Rica b Croatia European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Israel Japan Jordan c Korea, Republic of Macao, China Malaysia b Mexico b Morocco b New Zealand Norway Philippines b, c Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Sri Lanka Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, d United States Viet Nam c a b c d

102

... 494 172 2708 375 ... ... 3518 2086 1432 112 | 1 421 24832 2 2702 ... 676 ... 0 53 350 180 ... ... 9205 8022 1183 ... ... 617 6673 1562 2 20 ... 27766 ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

371219 811 490 5516 18638 1628 11 113286 25928 87358 16402 935 15467 212 3041 902 35210 13 19633 12 20689 11757 2 83 460 7208 84 8 ... 31118 22320 8799 141 ... 1359 29309 8769 2 63 16 274 57595 486

545666 1088 371 3018 205991 815 50 132219 31763 100456 43724 151 43573 619 2400 1043 20726 30 14874 12 23703 15950 38 140 409 10297 168 91 90 29698 14679 11906 225 0 945 11105 18379 54 139 58 1676 45802 2171

554453 1210 408 3080 218460 28 55 134302 34405 99897 49615 309 49305 721 2263 1050 19921 32 12122 15 17895 18690 43 152 425 8866 305 113 85 27704 12873 11822 228 0 1116 11117 16581 52 145 58 2044 50163 2822

553676 1184 370 2738 227988 14 41 128114 33669 94445 55819 411 55408 713 2527 1040 18464 32 10523 0 17036 21069 40 119 403 5531 346 174 93 26262 12092 11158 326 3 983 9639 19009 47 150 67 2369 50951 3974

4.6 0.8 0.4 1.0 14.5 9.7 0.7 3.7 2.7 4.1 12.7 8.8 13.0 0.4 3.2 2.1 4.1 0.6 6.2 1.5 16.3 5.4 0.1 0.6 0.3 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 14.0 16.8 10.8 0.3 0.9 0.6 7.5 10.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.8 5.2 2.8

3.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 11.1 0.1 0.3 2.2 1.6 2.6 11.3 1.8 11.8 0.2 1.3 1.6 2.3 0.4 1.9 0.0 7.5 5.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 10.6 0.1 0.0 0.8 6.4 5.3 6.2 0.4 0.0 0.4 3.2 8.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 3.3 3.5

| | |

|




Table II.48

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990

a b c d e f

94 120 2697 469 5171 144 772 123 40 ... 20 78 25 2278 ... 237 | 246 ... 436 5335 1813 ... 686 ... 70 446 ... 1046 47 25 47 338 18 225 ... 4352 3169 ... 2823 1574 1114 58 471 ... 27499 191 ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

111 1191 5043 91 1962 12042 654 10858 420 175 191 84 205 154217 66829 130 18341 ... 1413 215 155 1717 27550 68 7711 134 4450 5651 195 734 45 1710 204 114 278 2522 53 293 381 ... 16682 7883 1205 4568 10310 3821 135 1591 104 741 94193 388 217

520 1664 9023 302 5014 12579 1933 56822 1523 506 418 547 503 199044 98589 244 42509 ... 5285 3209 1055 1940 25119 351 9791 300 8943 14940 560 1280 772 2594 221 670 912 4425 500 7443 2641 307 17773 5867 3223 4676 5314 7513 567 3263 290 1561 120411 651 1943

585 2121 10033 251 5457 13675 2180 57822 1721 668 426 607 552 197696 97799 307 46380 ... 6801 3478 1290 2012 26770 805 9528 419 8724 15762 577 1414 977 2937 251 679 1083 4472 643 7995 2866 340 17682 5860 3644 5222 5114 7896 573 3419 423 1889 123147 614 2170

582 1523 9898 393 5952 13049 2055 63995 1974 378 357 678 648 190426 95982 279 53341 ... 7611 3337 1465 1908 27116 1115 9051 238 8065 16771 489 1425 890 2911 292 588 1218 3492 735 8388 3388 286 17479 6321 3447 4701 5080 9417 347 3415 456 2140 124829 981 2130

2.0 3.6 5.5 0.6 2.8 3.8 3.1 5.4 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.6 1.2 4.8 6.0 1.7 10.7 -10 2.3 0.7 1.3 3.5 5.4 1.1 2.7 1.9 8.4 5.1 1.7 4.6 ... 4.5 1.1 7.1 2.8 8.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.7 9.8 8.7 4.7 3.6 3.0 4.8 1.8 2.1 0.6 1.7 5.8 3.2 2.1

1.2 2.2 4.0 0.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.5 3.3 2.2 1.7 2.7 0.9 3.2 4.2 1.6 9.6 ... 1.6 1.8 2.6 2.5 3.1 2.5 1.7 0.9 4.1 4.5 1.1 3.7 1.7 3.3 0.7 5.1 2.9 5.3 2.2 2.7 2.2 1.5 4.6 3.2 3.4 2.4 1.9 3.8 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.9 5.3 1.6 1.9

|

|

| |


Algeria Argentina Australia b Belarus Brazil c Canada b Chile China d Colombia Costa Rica d Croatia Ecuador Egypt European Union (27) e extra-EU (27) imports Guatemala d Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan f Korea, Republic of Kuwait f Malaysia d Mexico b, d Morocco d New Zealand Nigeria f Norway Pakistan Paraguay Peru Philippines f Qatar f Russian Federation b, f Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of f Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia f Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates f United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam f Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. Includes Secretariat estimates.



103

4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment Table II.49

Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World Europe Asia North America Africa Middle East CIS South and Central America

217695 119516 86406 9364 812 682 460 194

100.0 54.9 39.7 4.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

2 1 5 4 12 -27 18 -13

2 1 3 9 11 -7 5 2

-4 -6 0 -6 -16 -19 34 -1

116571 51191 8373 6184 6062

53.5 23.5 3.8 2.8 2.8

2 9 121 -9 2

1 7 363 -38 11

-6 -4 131 8 -3

Above 5 Japan Chinese Taipei Malaysia Mexico Hong Kong, China Turkey Thailand India Indonesia Canada Tunisia Israel Singapore Switzerland Ukraine

188381 5073 4692 3867 2668 2360 2131 1599 1103 1002 631 611 506 430 408 365

86.5 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

-9 3 4 22 3 -5 3 35 0 -8 42 -4 -16 -23 24

-6 6 7 12 -13 -5 -16 17 -28 -11 13 -9 6 -18 1

-4 -24 -12 -11 -13 16 -27 -10 24 -4 -19 -18 -9 -14 34

Above 20

215830

99.1

-

-

-

Economy


141979 104353 31254 5500 675 142 47 9

100.0 73.5 22.0 3.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

4 5 4 1 -2 -24 17 6

1 5 -8 -4 -10 -33 27 32

5 6 0 4 -9 31 22 -16

China Mexico Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of Malaysia

70835 28845 6976 6482 6074

49.9 20.3 4.9 4.6 4.3

11 6 7 -4 -8

5 -8 25 2 -11

21 1 -34 -34 10

Above 5 Japan European Union (27) Thailand Canada Indonesia Israel Philippines Viet Nam Hong Kong, China Singapore India Norway Australia Brazil Switzerland

119212 5754 5236 4619 2408 790 664 580 577 573 566 394 192 95 84 54

84.0 4.1 3.7 3.3 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

-7 1 1 -7 -6 -2 9 47 -3 -6 18 3 11 -28 2

-6 -1 15 -7 -2 -10 5 8 -45 -3 -15 -42 15 -48 2

6 5 0 -8 -24 -10 19 21 40 -4 -7 -13 13 86 -2

Above 20

141797

99.9

-

-

-

Economy

European Union (27) China Viet Nam Korea, Republic of United States

104

Value




Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

China a b

Japan

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region World Asia Europe North America Middle East South and Central America Africa CIS

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 62793 58217 2611 1752 178 24 6 5

100.0 92.7 4.2 2.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

11 12 1 6 18 -1 26 4

27 30 15 -6 -4 59 202 268

23 26 -8 -8 46 50 -13 -41

China Korea, Republic of Japan Chinese Taipei Viet Nam

29155 11978 5288 3555 2585

46.4 19.1 8.4 5.7 4.1

16 13 2 12 122

47 40 -6 42 52

24 51 -4 23 232

Above 5 European Union (27) Malaysia Thailand United States Philippines Hong Kong, China Singapore Mexico Indonesia Israel Canada Switzerland India Norway Australia

52560 2444 1683 1430 1239 987 776 411 387 224 169 127 87 81 79 56

83.7 3.9 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

1 8 14 4 14 -4 -7 24 3 17 1 8 81 18 24

14 8 5 -6 -20 7 25 -7 10 -4 1 31 -8 32 -18

-8 -10 -2 -7 43 -4 18 -10 -38 40 -3 -18 -41 2 -12

Above 20

62739

99.9

-

-

-

Economy

World Asia North America Europe Middle East Africa CIS South and Central America

40820 37067 2489 1141 73 48 1 1

100.0 90.8 6.1 2.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

12 13 7 9 -1 91 -8 -11

16 17 8 -8 5 28 76 -16

7 7 7 21 3 -1 99 4

China Korea, Republic of Malaysia United States Thailand

27338 3559 2518 1898 1414

67.0 8.7 6.2 4.6 3.5

17 12 5 5 1

19 27 8 7 10

10 11 -24 3 4

Above 5 European Union (27) Chinese Taipei Philippines Mexico Viet Nam Indonesia Canada Singapore Israel Tunisia Hong Kong, China Norway India Switzerland Australia

36727 1113 1020 552 491 263 262 100 78 73 44 31 15 14 13 9

90.0 2.7 2.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 4 -6 16 29 -3 5 7 -1 231 -10 2 53 6 10

-7 27 41 7 -19 -32 31 -16 5 38 -55 -30 59 -23 15

21 29 2 30 13 -3 -17 -19 3 -1 -26 -8 20 48 51

Above 20

40806

100.0

-

-

-

Economy


a In 2012, China reported imports from China accounting for about 29 per cent of its telecommunications equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata. b Includes significant imports into processing zones.



105

Table II.50

Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

Exporters China a European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports United States Mexico a Korea, Republic of Japan Chinese Taipei Singapore domestic exports re-exports Viet Nam b Malaysia a Thailand Canada Indonesia India

229 166 49 80 0 80 48 40 32 22 16 13 2 6 12 12 10 6 4 4

20.7 35.1 12.3 0.0 6.5 5.3 8.2 7.3 2.5 3.4 1.1 2.2 0.0 2.9 1.3 1.6 0.7 0.1

36.1 26.1 7.7 0.0 7.6 6.2 5.1 3.5 2.6 2.0 0.3 0.9 2.0 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.7

13 0 -2 10 -5 10 7 7 -2 -6 5 -3 -12 -8 79 -1 8 -4 5 46

21 13 18 23 34 23 17 14 -2 3 58 11 37 10 100 36 30 2 19 -45

16 5 16 10 -75 12 13 -9 1 -9 31 15 26 30 151 2 7 -1 1 113

10 -8 -13 12 -81 13 3 3 -16 0 -17 0 37 -3 63 -6 9 -3 -6 -16

Above 15

615

95.6

96.9

-

-

-

-

Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States Hong Kong, China retained imports China a, c Japan Mexico a, d Canada d Russian Federation b, d Singapore retained imports India Australia d Brazil d Korea, Republic of Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Thailand

218 101 142 80 0 63 41 29 18 15 14 8 14 11 9 9 9 8

39.5 17.4 22.4 -0.8 6.2 3.8 2.8 2.4 1.1 2.8 0.6 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.4 0.6 0.8

30.9 14.3 20.1 0.0 8.9 5.8 4.2 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

2 3 4 11 11 12 12 7 16 1 18 13 8 15 4 18 12

12 13 15 24 13 18 44 22 24 60 18 24 17 11 51 22 65 29

2 3 1 16 -30 27 16 0 12 15 13 3 7 16 25 26 54 21

-4 -1 5 19 -100 23 7 1 -2 5 -2 0 -7 0 -6 -26 18 21

Above 15 e

600

86.3

85.0

-

-

-

-

a b c d e

106


Includes significant shipments through processing zones Includes Secretariat estimates. In 2012, China reported imports of telecommunications equipment from China amounting to $29.2 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. Imports are valued f.o.b. Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.



Table II.51

Exports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value

a b c d

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

... 226 442 1642 2623 ... ... 6806 2137 4669 31 105 662 28809 6273 ... 3209 ... 41 295 599 ... 6355 3820 2535 ... 672 4996 1057 21 238 ... ... 9901 ...

286541 838 1596 11656 19508 9 73 110302 35762 74540 19618 537 19081 103 3500 4256 30514 14364 4 12965 19221 132 652 1267 146 20 8266 3770 4495 243 873 6745 4007 28 934 0 68 524 32980 81

583102 815 1500 5847 180426 42 46 171496 48709 122787 64890 1353 63537 2408 4651 3409 24449 38419 36 13065 42345 158 1116 1122 1147 185 10961 1221 4708 326 1054 14989 8261 834 1895 85 510 3121 41320 3044

636002 983 1231 5797 208735 45 46 180507 56456 124051 71522 335 71187 5137 4681 3153 22184 38617 35 13316 38469 190 1116 1110 1675 274 12556 1536 6115 413 1071 19703 8875 1032 2054 131 572 3610 46835 7629

635151 1009 839 5634 229468 67 141 165673 49102 116571 80298 64 80234 4294 4387 2977 22183 32443 141 12454 39544 194 799 942 1872 326 12599 2102 5924 548 1055 16401 9656 928 2476 151 761 4183 48028 12471

4.5 0.6 2.6 2.0 12.4 2.6 1.2 4.0 4.3 3.8 14.3 0.5 15.4 0.3 3.5 7.3 5.7 13.3 0.4 9.5 11.3 0.8 0.9 2.4 0.1 0.0 6.8 4.2 9.8 0.6 1.2 5.8 5.2 0.7 4.2 2.0 0.3 3.2 3.3 0.7

3.5 0.4 0.3 1.2 11.2 0.6 1.1 2.9 2.3 3.2 16.3 0.3 17.1 1.5 2.3 4.7 2.8 5.9 13.8 5.5 10.7 0.5 0.5 1.8 0.4 0.1 3.1 0.9 3.3 0.6 0.5 5.4 4.2 5.5 1.6 6.4 1.1 1.2 3.1 10.9

| | | |


World Australia Brazil Canada China b Costa Rica b Croatia European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Israel Japan Korea, Republic of Macao, China Malaysia b Mexico b New Zealand Norway Philippines b, c Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, d United States Viet Nam c

1990




107

Table II.52

Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies , 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Brazil e Canada b Chile China f Colombia Costa Rica f Croatia Ecuador Egypt El Salvador f European Union (27) g extra-EU (27) imports Guatemala f Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan d Kazakhstan d Kenya Korea, Republic of Macao, China Malaysia f Mexico b, f Morocco f New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Pakistan Paraguay Peru Philippines d Russian Federation b, d Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka d Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d a b c d e f g

108

131 123 1383 73 555 2972 303 2539 218 35 ... 32 132 ... 34 6343 ... 173 | 490 ... 304 2620 39 105 1368 35 1246 ... 127 440 ... 576 183 293 51 686 578 4551 2016 ... 30 1597 1744 994 403 ... 22727 162 ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

298 2092 4862 129 3071 10062 960 12413 597 114 210 110 349 207 117541 42949 283 20742 ... 701 403 256 1669 13467 131 169 95 5830 68 3442 9398 727 808 99 1425 158 107 367 1949 866 811 6870 2374 1859 155 2512 4597 1868 2993 188 1247 71769 760 331

599 3246 9827 871 7825 16194 2995 40227 2461 362 616 819 1421 296 221943 99156 659 57882 ... 13624 5885 812 2163 32877 427 753 600 9551 510 6907 29038 893 1177 1634 2992 919 1527 1365 1189 12413 4756 12883 8174 4398 207 4679 4804 5797 4431 1444 4922 134132 1599 3473

776 3871 11443 881 9791 18182 3457 51185 2961 710 500 1008 1582 308 226089 102038 673 67249 ... 14622 7006 1677 2675 38036 505 1298 511 12071 737 7561 29056 859 1479 2069 3171 1184 1479 1686 1468 14297 7314 14557 8442 4762 440 5131 6562 6996 5115 1499 4512 135411 1513 4724

1262 3751 11467 745 9165 17814 3821 62793 3275 586 539 1007 1734 325 217695 101124 632 80241 ... 13541 7427 1622 2254 40820 571 1427 555 8879 943 6834 29368 692 1421 1884 3175 1494 1255 1947 1569 14962 8644 14327 8403 4412 436 4882 6805 8493 5789 1604 5112 141979 1920 6648

5.1 7.0 5.6 4.3 4.6 3.5 4.7 4.4 9.4 2.3 3.2 7.6 2.6 1.9 4.4 5.6 4.1 12.7 ... 4 1.9 3.5 3.3 3.5 4.9 2.6 2.3 2.6 6.3 3.8 6.0 3.3 4.3 ... 3.9 7.1 5.8 5.3 2.7 5.4 4.6 6.5 2.8 6.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.3 2.5 2.9 5.7 6.1 7.3 2.4

2.7 5.5 4.6 2.2 4.1 3.9 4.8 3.5 5.5 3.3 2.6 4.0 2.5 3.2 3.7 4.4 3.7 14.5 ... 2.8 3.9 2.8 3.0 4.6 2.8 3.2 3.4 1.7 10.5 3.5 7.9 1.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 10.9 4.6 2.4 4.7 5.6 3.8 4.2 4.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.4 2.4 1.9 2.2 6.1 3.2 5.8

|

|

| |

Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.



4.3.3 Integrated circuits and electronic components Table II.53

Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27)

United States

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region World Europe Asia North America Africa South and Central America Middle East CIS

100.0 51.7 43.5 4.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

0 -1 3 -9 -8 -26 -19 -5

-5 0 -8 -19 8 30 -55 -31

-29 -23 -35 -28 -42 17 24 -47

35591 13051 3517 3356 2786

51.0 18.7 5.0 4.8 4.0

-1 24 3 -5 -4

0 0 -15 -3 8

-23 -41 -23 -32 -19

Above 5 United States Japan Korea, Republic of Philippines Thailand Switzerland Hong Kong, China Morocco Mexico India Tunisia Costa Rica Canada Indonesia Croatia

58301 2685 2579 2354 1690 589 414 256 104 101 96 88 87 85 79 60

83.5 3.8 3.7 3.4 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

-9 -6 -3 -7 -1 -2 -7 -10 -9 -5 8 -28 -10 1 5

-19 -16 -35 -7 -3 7 0 35 -28 -52 45 36 -17 -1 -33

-28 -37 -37 -30 -15 -16 -48 -21 -30 -71 -5 21 -13 -30 -44

Above 20

69568

99.6

-

-

-

Economy

2012

2012


2011

2012

World Asia South and Central America Europe North America Middle East Africa CIS

38601 25578 7722 2562 2425 204 96 15

100.0 66.3 20.0 6.6 6.3 0.5 0.2 0.0

5 3 56 -2 -2 -4 0 6

28 19 146 15 15 -32 10 -12

0 -7 25 -5 11 73 -11 -5

7701 5753 4911 3826 3233

20.0 14.9 12.7 9.9 8.4

57 7 15 0 1

147 37 55 -2 1

25 4 -21 3 -12

Above 5 Korea, Republic of European Union (27) Philippines Singapore Canada Mexico Thailand Israel Indonesia Switzerland Morocco India Hong Kong, China Viet Nam Australia

25423 3145 2458 1997 1650 1261 1164 797 203 122 94 91 52 41 29 15

65.9 8.1 6.4 5.2 4.3 3.3 3.0 2.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

0 -1 -3 1 -4 0 2 -4 -6 -6 0 4 -21 37 -1

8 14 12 15 35 0 -8 -33 -6 15 10 31 8 397 47

-4 -4 3 -10 18 5 -11 74 -23 -10 -12 -45 -8 88 -23

Above 20

38542

99.8

-

-

-

Economy Costa Rica Malaysia China Chinese Taipei Japan




Share

Region 69854 36132 30415 2871 210 109 87 29

European Union (27) China Chinese Taipei Malaysia Singapore

Value

109


Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

China a b

Japan

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region


219973 198047 9715 6477 5138 392 186 16

100.0 90.0 4.4 2.9 2.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

13 13 9 9 28 16 -2 -11

8 10 -11 4 24 -60 6 -27

12 12 3 13 38 67 -13 -34

Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of China Malaysia Japan

54631 43104 30927 29639 19690

24.8 19.6 14.1 13.5 9.0

15 15 23 15 6

10 9 5 21 10

19 18 30 -4 -3

Above 5 United States Philippines European Union (27) Singapore Costa Rica Thailand Viet Nam Mexico Hong Kong, China Canada Israel Indonesia Morocco Switzerland India

177990 7798 6334 6324 6126 5121 3217 3149 1065 853 853 392 254 181 137 62

80.9 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.3 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

8 -4 9 5 29 6 132 14 -11 13 17 2 -3 5 11

-18 -3 4 -2 24 -4 461 25 -12 14 -59 -18 5 3 -46

8 -3 15 5 38 -27 182 -3 -44 -24 68 -8 -13 -1 10

Above 20

219853

99.9

-

-

-

Economy


22297 17560 3537 866 192 134 5 2

100.0 78.8 15.9 3.9 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.0

1 1 -2 -1 74 -1 -1 -9

-9 -8 -15 12 -21 -47 19 -26

1 2 -6 -6 201 6 -24 -5

Chinese Taipei United States China Korea, Republic of Singapore

7122 3408 3274 2826 1370

31.9 15.3 14.7 12.7 6.1

4 -2 9 -3 3

-16 -15 -7 -1 -6

11 -6 13 -13 -3

Above 5 Malaysia Philippines European Union (27) Thailand Israel Indonesia Costa Rica Canada Viet Nam Mexico Hong Kong, China Switzerland India Morocco Bangladesh

18000 1240 880 853 598 192 147 133 77 63 52 20 12 12 5 5

80.7 5.6 3.9 3.8 2.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

-3 -8 -1 -4 74 -5 -1 -8 14 7 -20 3 28 -1 7

10 19 12 -16 -21 -19 -48 -28 -63 -13 27 29 165 18 -16

-14 14 -6 -28 201 2 7 -21 28 16 -34 23 9 -22 -17

Above 20

22290

100.0

-

-

-

Economy

a In 2012, China reported imports from China accounting for about 14 per cent of its integrated circuits and electronic components imports. For further information, see the Metadata. b Includes significant imports into processing zones.

110



Table II.54

Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

82 82 22 53 69 0 69 66 56 20 47 42 41 33 12 8 3 3 2 2

5.9 15.6 5.6 10.0 0.4 8.7 18.1 7.2 8.0 11.6 14.0 6.9 4.4 1.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.8

17.0 16.9 4.6 11.0 0.0 13.6 11.5 4.1 9.7 8.6 8.5 6.8 2.5 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4

22 6 2 6 12 -24 13 12 -2 -3 8 1 -2 5 -3 2 13 3 15 -3

56 40 51 31 24 -2 24 39 34 11 60 29 26 15 50 27 -34 22 8 -18

11 -3 3 4 7 -13 7 8 2 5 4 -6 -7 15 -16 -2 -22 23 102 23

18 -2 -1 0 1 -22 1 1 -17 -4 4 -7 -6 -6 -11 -17 55 7 11 -9

Above 15

479

97.7

98.8

-

-

-

-

Importers China a, c Hong Kong, China retained imports European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports Singapore retained imports United States Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of Malaysia a Japan Mexico a, d Philippines b Thailand Viet Nam b Brazil d India

220 83 14 70 34 59 5 39 35 30 29 22 14 11 11 7 5 4

23.4 3.2 17.3 8.0 10.2 1.8 6.6 7.0 5.9 6.9 5.2 2.8 4.1 2.3 0.2 0.8 0.2

37.3 2.4 11.8 5.8 9.9 0.9 6.5 5.8 5.2 4.9 3.8 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.7

13 10 2 0 1 5 -5 5 3 4 1 1 3 -6 2 41 6 23

32 30 57 59 70 38 134 38 36 13 43 29 36 28 34 66 34 -19

8 4 -6 -5 -9 -3 -60 28 2 5 -5 -9 16 -3 -2 101 10 97

12 -2 -13 -29 -34 5 115 0 -7 1 -4 1 -5 -12 -8 91 -3 -10

Above 15

570

96.1

96.6

-

-

-

-

Exporters China a Singapore domestic exports re-exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Chinese Taipei European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports Korea, Republic of Japan United States Malaysia a Philippines a, b Thailand Israel Mexico a Costa Rica a Canada

a b c d


2012

Includes significant shipments through processing zones Includes Secretariat estimates. In 2012, China reported imports of integrated circuits and electronic components from China amounting to $30.9 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. Imports are valued f.o.b.



111

Table II.55

Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value

World Australia Brazil Canada China b Costa Rica b Croatia European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Israel Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia b Mexico b Morocco b New Zealand Norway Philippines b, c Russian Federation Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, d United States Viet Nam c a b c d

112

1990

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

... 20 79 1271 128 ... ... 2562 550 2012 39 18 143 13391 5364 4321 ... 110 1 11 1053 3675 2844 830 ... 231 2435 901 ... 13991 ...

306936 132 231 3459 5352 51 3 58793 22355 36438 14046 2519 11527 72 739 1782 42454 24688 18729 3064 480 26 30 16663 101 34436 15433 19003 25 677 21767 5877 10 8 62824 85

484370 142 145 1822 62923 943 159 65945 19958 45986 64156 320 63836 749 924 2439 47382 43307 30474 2138 635 82 379 16546 229 86392 21893 51575 187 1244 60799 9384 50 125 47458 489

494407 204 188 2234 69565 1900 119 67080 20965 46115 68576 279 68297 567 998 1913 44769 45238 35072 2631 671 101 166 13879 249 83465 22576 53395 162 1289 65622 9224 31 338 44042 802

484823 147 166 2044 82336 2106 60 55623 20031 35591 69113 218 68894 394 890 2955 41839 46855 33034 2826 584 108 75 12304 220 81938 22265 53390 39 1163 66161 7662 30 391 41187 2034

3.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 2.7 11.6 0.6 1.5 1.9 1.4 10.5 7.6 10.7 0.2 1.2 3.0 6.7 9.7 16.9 1.0 5.6 0.3 0.1 36.4 0.1 23.5 15.6 32.8 0.3 0.6 15.2 5.9 0.1 0.1 5.4 0.7

2.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 4.0 18.4 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 14.0 1.0 14.6 0.1 0.5 4.7 5.2 8.6 14.5 0.8 2.7 0.3 0.0 23.7 0.0 20.1 9.8 29.6 0.0 0.5 22.0 3.3 0.0 0.1 2.7 1.8

| | | |




Table II.56

Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value

a b c d e f

1990

2000

27 62 263 490 2333 9 747 24 10 ... 16 3705 ... 251 | 156 ... 198 3319 4560 3812 ... 109 20 ... 110 6 2 1021 8 4489 3659 ... 377 4119 1313 27 361 ... 13139 14 ...

34 194 867 45 2568 8314 67 21156 31 688 17 36 | 75834 39393 20286 ... 517 87 120 1508 19844 20470 24513 13961 291 75 4 216 9 11 10678 73 51 30556 | 11553 | 301 965 23740 8366 35 937 36 67 49581 41 490

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

96 333 1740 71 4644 4489 112 180995 111 1234 147 96 103581 57594 81339 ... 2233 2160 222 1425 24390 28711 31853 12971 628 116 583 277 65 77 12702 675 131 57630 6055 455 1245 36413 12056 289 768 202 183 30170 107 1888

136 389 2226 74 5093 4812 113 196145 142 1382 105 110 98395 52281 84739 ... 4390 2373 146 1764 22131 30229 30292 15026 681 108 738 291 73 99 12369 747 208 55824 2428 503 1461 37229 11778 352 903 233 200 38731 139 3802

144 451 1614 93 4940 3710 124 219973 85 1737 66 73 69854 34263 83276 ... 3968 2490 107 2342 22297 30393 29066 14335 393 143 672 204 62 213 10946 757 245 58613 5224 369 1327 34503 10817 650 863 1124 227 38601 124 7247

0.4 1.0 0.7 0.5 4.6 1.4 0.4 14.4 0.4 15.9 0.4 0.2 1.7 2.2 14.0 42 0.7 0.2 0.7 2.4 4.1 9.1 24.4 5.2 1.9 0.5 ... 0.4 0.3 0.2 33.6 0.6 0.1 20.9 7.6 0.6 0.7 15.6 8.1 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.2 1.5 0.2 1.8

0.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 2.2 0.8 0.2 12.1 0.1 9.9 0.3 0.1 1.2 1.5 15.0 ... 0.8 1.3 0.2 3.1 2.5 5.8 14.8 3.9 0.9 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 16.8 0.2 0.2 15 2.6 0.4 0.7 12.8 4.4 2.7 0.4 1.3 0.1 1.7 0.2 6.4


Algeria Argentina Australia b Belarus Brazil c Canada b Chile China d Colombia Costa Rica d Croatia Egypt European Union (27) e extra-EU (27) imports Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia d Mexico b, d Morocco d New Zealand Nigeria f Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines f Russian Federation b, f Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of f Singapore retained imports South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia f Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates f United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam f Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. Includes Secretariat estimates.



113

4.4 Automotive products Table II.57

Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

World Europe World Europe Asia North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East South and Central America Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America Africa Japan World North America Asia Europe Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America Africa Other economies in Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

114





2012

2006

2012

2006

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

1295

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

5

18

1

634 425 73 59 32 21 13 11

100.0 78.4 4.3 10.2 1.6 2.3 2.0 0.9

100.0 67.0 11.5 9.2 5.0 3.3 2.1 1.7

54.9 43.0 2.4 5.6 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.5

48.9 32.8 5.6 4.5 2.5 1.6 1.0 0.8

3 1 19 2 21 9 4 13

21 18 36 16 63 11 10 26

-7 -13 5 16 8 19 4 -8

339 105 96 38 37 23 22 18

100.0 24.3 38.1 19.4 7.6 3.1 3.6 3.8

100.0 31.1 28.3 11.3 10.8 6.7 6.6 5.2

21.2 5.2 8.1 4.1 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.8

26.1 8.1 7.4 2.9 2.8 1.8 1.7 1.4

8 12 4 0 14 21 18 13

11 11 7 13 -3 56 16 6

11 8 19 -12 25 18 7 19

166 59 51 17 16 10 7 5

100.0 44.8 20.8 18.0 7.0 2.9 3.4 3.1

100.0 35.8 30.8 10.4 9.7 5.9 4.0 3.3

13.3 6.0 2.8 2.4 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.4

12.8 4.6 3.9 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.4

4 1 10 -3 10 16 7 5

1 -3 4 4 -18 49 -3 -5

10 20 7 -19 34 13 7 10

173 54 36 21 20 16 13 12

100.0 30.3 26.8 21.8 8.7 3.9 3.4 4.9

100.0 31.5 21.0 12.0 11.8 9.0 7.5 7.1

7.8 2.4 2.1 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4

13.3 4.2 2.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0

13 14 9 4 18 28 27 19

22 18 27 24 11 26 62 12

11 10 16 -7 19 6 23 24

270 197 21 18 15 14 4 2

100.0 83.4 3.5 6.8 2.3 2.8 0.7 0.4

100.0 72.9 7.6 6.7 5.4 5.0 1.7 0.8

20.5 17.1 0.7 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.1

20.8 15.2 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.2

5 3 17 5 19 14 18 17

17 12 45 36 36 12 23 90

12 12 8 1 8 38 17 11


Table II.58

Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Canada a

United States

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East CIS

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 71353 54770 10421 6037 93 29 3 1

100.0 76.8 14.6 8.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 2 6 10 -15 8 -6 -5

8 10 -4 15 -18 164 -25 -29

11 8 23 16 129 -68 57 -15

United States Mexico Japan European Union (27) Korea, Republic of

46746 7801 6202 5865 2546

65.5 10.9 8.7 8.2 3.6

1 14 4 9 9

9 16 -10 14 1

9 5 22 15 30

Above 5 China Canada Chinese Taipei Turkey Brazil India Australia South Africa Thailand Viet Nam Switzerland Indonesia Norway Malaysia Chile Argentina Hong Kong, China Costa Rica Dominican Republic Singapore United Arab Emirates Philippines Israel New Zealand Egypt Zambia Honduras Colombia Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia

69161 1273 222 220 156 80 64 63 27 22 12 10 7 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

96.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

12 -1 6 59 -15 15 15 8 1 11 -3 9 26 6 43 -14 3 42 9 -6 29 -10 -16 16 21 232 -33 2 105 74

21 -4 21 46 -24 36 8 170 -14 29 20 21 -15 85 117 -20 -41 -40 -13 1 176 4 -49 -18 -18 -13 196 -24 393 57

20 -5 11 70 179 17 65 -69 41 -4 18 15 5 -32 16 -11 12 44 9 21 80 30 31 145 165 12 372 31 43 3

Above 35

71351

100.0

-

-

-

Economy

World North America Asia Europe Africa South and Central America Middle East CIS

250375 117555 81364 48555 2043 807 48 2

100.0 47.0 32.5 19.4 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0

3 3 3 2 31 -12 0 -5

12 11 7 19 35 7 -45 60

18 15 23 19 -8 19 -5 -61

59443 58112 53557 47612 15675

23.7 23.2 21.4 19.0 6.3

-1 10 1 1 6

7 15 -1 19 32

15 16 26 19 22

93.6 3.2 17 0.9 5 0.8 31 0.3 15 0.3 37 0.2 -13 0.1 7 0.1 -9 0.1 36 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.0 22 0.0 -3 0.0 -8 0.0 -4 0.0 12 0.0 0 0.0 15 0.0 20 0.0 -11 0.0 -20 0.0 … 0.0 6 0.0 -38 0.0 24 0.0 -31 0.0 117 0.0 11

25 15 36 24 66 9 -4 66 11 29 -3 18 27 4 53 18 -51 -33 30 18 3 -29 -19 … 49 -43 45 -6 -36 99

11 10 -9 8 17 20 18 40 56 21 24 18 -5 12 73 -14 -23 … 18 26 82 -25 -50 … -4 0 77 38 … -9

-

-

Economy Canada Mexico Japan European Union (27) Korea, Republic of Above 5 China Chinese Taipei South Africa India Turkey Brazil Thailand Australia Viet Nam Switzerland Indonesia Philippines Malaysia Honduras Singapore Argentina Israel Chile Norway Costa Rica Colombia Dominican Republic Hong Kong, China Oman United Arab Emirates Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Egypt New Zealand Croatia Pakistan

234400 8087 2181 2034 846 766 566 284 210 150 143 100 95 94 80 61 56 32 31 28 27 19 16 13 8 8 6 6 6 4 4

Above 35

250358

100.0

-




Value

115


Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Mexico a b

European Union (27)

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East CIS

39437 24511 7898 5512 1454 49 10 2

100.0 62.2 20.0 14.0 3.7 0.1 0.0 0.0

7 6 17 7 -9 33 14 5

18 19 22 19 -10 83 257 102

14 12 19 18 -4 97 -58 -4

22844 5435 3819 1666 1516

57.9 13.8 9.7 4.2 3.8

7 8 11 0 31

21 19 14 0 34

13 17 4 7 27

Above 5 China Brazil Thailand India Chinese Taipei Argentina Colombia Indonesia Turkey South Africa Malaysia Viet Nam Switzerland Australia Israel Honduras Philippines Singapore Chile Hong Kong, China Costa Rica Russian Federation Oman New Zealand Pakistan Not elsewhere specified Tunisia Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Croatia Norway Bosnia and Herzegovina United Arab Emirates Dominican Republic Peru Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of

35280 1309 1144 462 411 222 148 145 79 61 48 38 15 15 8 8 8 7 6 5 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

89.5 3.3 2.9 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

30 -9 86 18 14 -17 59 87 -3 33 4 62 -5 -6 10 16 1 23 -30 4 2 6 … 43 33 -23 1 -47 145 … 70 10 -31 1

21 -6 76 65 24 -22 -79 242 10 78 8 200 28 -47 249 19 0 19 -64 -28 -60 113 … -12 237 -57 134 35 34 … 186 93 31 13

29 -7 140 69 17 -45 … 61 40 108 15 37 18 -2 -67 132 -1 -6 1 14 123 -5 277 15 36 15 -15 -46 45 481 … 19 -22 -50

Above 40

39436

100.0

-

-

-

Economy

World Europe Asia North America Africa South and Central America CIS Middle East

438728 389885 30785 13799 2966 893 200 175

100.0 88.9 7.0 3.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0

1 1 -1 6 11 -8 -3 6

18 18 12 34 25 -1 25 30

-13 -13 -10 2 3 -36 -18 -8

European Union (27) Japan Turkey United States Korea, Republic of

376351 14226 11060 9685 8263

85.8 3.2 2.5 2.2 1.9

1 -5 5 3 0

18 -1 12 31 39

-13 -15 -13 5 7

Above 5 China Mexico India South Africa Switzerland Morocco Thailand Chinese Taipei Norway Canada Brazil Serbia Argentina Tunisia Liechtenstein Malaysia Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina Russian Federation Indonesia Israel Australia Philippines Viet Nam Egypt Belarus Ukraine United Arab Emirates Hong Kong, China Singapore FYR Macedonia Oman Gibraltar Iceland New Zealand

419585 3834 3647 2284 1696 1169 877 851 780 521 466 449 437 432 334 282 166 153 127 117 93 75 71 69 57 45 43 37 36 32 32 29 26 17 14 13

95.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

21 17 16 5 1 52 -5 3 -3 1 -15 66 10 6 9 12 6 19 -3 -3 12 -8 5 33 14 -6 6 7 9 -2 35 37 -11 -1 -4

Above 40

438893

100.0

-

Economy

United States European Union (27) Japan Canada Korea, Republic of

19 -6 39 -6 26 -29 16 -22 15 -9 269 196 1 -18 14 -10 19 -14 37 8 -41 -22 25 … 96 -46 30 -4 37 -4 43 2 8 -14 42 -5 19 -18 27 -21 50 0 -17 -7 20 -17 43 22 -38 57 49 -18 42 -11 3 -26 16 4 42 2 41 53 49 11 -4 0 14 -42 0 9 -

-

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b Includes significant imports into processing zones.

116



Table II.59

Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States China a Canada d Russian Federation b, d Mexico a, d Australia d Brazil d Japan Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Turkey Switzerland Thailand United Arab Emirates b Argentina Above 15 a b c d


2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

615 239 166 132 75 72 62 43 24 15 13 10 10 8 7 6

19.8 11.9 0.3 0.1 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 ... 0.1 0.1 ... ...

20.8 10.2 1.4 0.7 8.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3

49.8 12.3 15.3 11.7 5.3 2.6 10.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4

47.5 18.4 12.8 10.2 5.8 5.6 4.8 3.3 1.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

3 9 4 6 11 10 -1 23 17 7 1 21 18 8 14 7

18 45 45 37 54 47 47 41 60 15 47 65 47 32 3 33

21 28 1 20 22 27 8 34 -2 14 14 2 24 9 8 18

-7 5 10 11 11 4 15 15 33 -5 -10 24 -4 3 16 10

1259

-

-

98.3

97.2

-

-

-

-

439 62 250 74 71 41 39 31 22 20 20 16 14 13 13 13

20.3 0.6 8.7 1.8 1.3 0.3 0.5 2.7 ... 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.6

24.7 0.6 7.7 0.3 1.2 0.2 2.3 0.9 0.4 1.9 0.8 0.3 0.1

42.9 5.6 29.4 0.7 8.0 0.2 3.5 1.5 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.5

33.3 4.7 19.0 5.6 5.4 3.1 3.0 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

1 2 3 27 3 20 7 11 24 6 10 5 8 18 11 16

9 11 42 72 37 64 37 52 45 41 53 47 21 73 24 76

18 16 12 31 8 67 18 9 34 20 7 26 29 9 9 28

-13 -8 18 6 11 3 14 24 -5 20 18 -16 -6 44 13 -8

1077

-

-

92.5

81.7

-

-

-

-


Exporters European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports Japan United States Mexico a Korea, Republic of Canada China a Thailand Turkey Brazil India Argentina South Africa United Arab Emirates b, c Chinese Taipei


Includes significant shipments through processing zones Includes Secretariat estimates. Mainly re-exports. Imports are valued f.o.b.



117

Table II.60

Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990 World Argentina Australia Belarus Brazil Canada Chile China b Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Ecuador European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Georgia Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan c Korea, Republic of Kuwait c Malaysia b Mexico b Morocco b Norway Philippines b Qatar c Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Singapore domestic exports c re-exports c South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam c a b c d

118

318959 | 200 726 2034 28442 18 258 6 ... ... 1 354 27 328 198 22 ... 31 66195 19 2301 65 121 4383 28 305 23 32 229 348 82 266 249 591 829 108 30 153 1 32547 73 ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

576434 2108 2151 739 4683 60656 203 1581 226 11 45 60 287180 71022 216158 1 764 23 741 588 369 61 31 88043 62 15194 49 307 30655 24 459 583 32 1133 59 678 90 588 1708 772 2221 2417 63 1517 145 641 67195 223 8

1091580 8078 2719 1597 12589 50116 816 28037 341 24 202 350 546348 177187 369161 244 1552 9 1543 7896 2551 484 426 149424 117 54488 655 1329 55635 244 671 1821 751 2325 1073 3407 620 2788 6702 1704 4859 18701 328 13755 512 5758 99746 85 493

1284494 10043 2783 2686 14411 53946 938 37494 393 38 207 390 661418 226590 434829 487 1439 0 1439 8091 2928 336 150 150424 135 69171 882 1407 67691 426 812 2215 541 3790 857 4013 679 3334 7320 2152 5755 18279 355 15677 570 6242 119476 11 641

1295298 9635 3246 2942 13038 62151 927 43110 563 26 194 492 615251 238901 376351 637 1340 0 1340 10038 4293 412 167 165888 133 72005 1010 1530 75469 996 772 1626 666 987 1979 4284 521 3513 7572 2111 6309 24276 320 14837 521 7234 132246 8 969

9.0 7.6 3.3 7.4 10.1 18.5 1.0 1.3 3.1 2.4 1.8 1.4 12.1 10.0 13.2 2.8 0.5 0.0 0.6 2.6 1.5 0.3 0.3 20.6 2.6 13.3 0.3 0.5 16.5 0.7 0.7 3.7 0.5 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.2 1.9 8.4 1.1 1.9 7.2 2.7 12.8 0.9 2.5 9.6 0.6 0.5

7.2 11.9 1.3 6.4 5.4 13.7 1.2 2.1 0.9 0.2 1.6 2.1 10.6 11.0 10.3 26.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 3.4 2.3 0.4 0.3 20.8 1.7 13.1 0.9 0.7 20.4 4.6 0.5 3.1 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.2 1.9 8.7 0.9 2.1 10.6 1.9 9.7 0.8 2.1 8.6 0.0 0.8

| | | |




Table II.61

Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990

a b c d e f g

658 183 3794 ... 532 24640 579 1796 416 ... ... 157 416 114 ... 117 994 666 260 | 1523 ... 871 7327 108 255 929 453 ... 1312 933 317 1012 1419 429 390 111 176 537 202 2839 1418 1152 ... ... 6048 75 2565 2651 306 1177 964 79320 426 ...

2000 615 2805 8550 180 297 4154 46276 1507 3798 590 831 ... 184 512 141 248594 32178 331 481 2195 1455 421 1870 770 2298 9956 519 435 156 1773 1141 535 1833 20003 471 1480 2597 1109 324 332 510 974 409 1044 3815 2417 1829 1455 155 6222 184 2676 2084 595 5831 446 2384 170195 1451 294

2010

|

|

|

| |

|

3981 10646 22928 90 1000 17013 59594 7429 53043 3954 939 882 | 2278 3686 749 427468 58307 1011 747 3517 1974 4388 5557 2688 4262 14159 1182 1048 762 8017 3670 1862 5760 29439 2368 2768 6700 4869 1096 976 2930 2573 2380 23552 15641 3909 1122 6843 773 11704 1240 4160 8536 1620 15462 3113 10726 189765 961 2328

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

4879 13592 24897 101 1715 22826 64496 8917 69642 6338 1075 614 2117 2957 800 502426 67597 1795 847 3848 2410 5652 7383 3261 4689 17031 1005 1808 803 9746 4194 1431 5880 34704 2709 2830 8127 4651 1314 1251 3451 2434 3061 39259 16748 4846 1512 8737 541 15041 1186 5572 9334 1424 19423 5056 11690 211645 833 2460

7565 12566 30777 115 1845 21681 71353 9030 73973 6176 818 626 2109 3438 1138 438728 62377 2214 924 3731 2391 5870 9608 2305 4078 20440 1136 3140 966 9794 6439 1445 7364 39437 3307 3780 8142 4445 1451 1343 4584 3104 3502 40528 19793 4821 1308 8768 453 14067 515 5399 13439 1595 16368 5472 13245 250375 1723 1745

11.0 15.2 12.8 ... 3.0 6.4 18.3 11.4 2.1 9.0 8.7 9.2 11.2 3.7 8.4 9.9 3.8 13.1 7.4 0.8 2.9 0.8 4.2 4.0 5.0 2.6 8.2 9.0 6.5 1.6 18.4 7.8 2.9 11.3 5.7 13.2 9.5 23.0 5.1 10.1 4.9 2.1 13.6 11.2 16.6 1.8 1.7 10.0 13.2 6.6 7.2 2.0 3.7 6.7 10.3 8.6 7.7 11.9 12.7 3.2

15.9 18.3 12.3 3.4 4.0 9.7 15.4 11.4 4.1 10.4 3.9 3.4 8.4 5.0 9.0 7.4 2.7 12.3 5.4 0.7 2.9 1.2 5.0 4.0 5.4 2.3 5.5 7.0 5.9 1.9 24.9 6.6 3.7 10.6 7.4 9.9 9.3 15.5 3.3 5.7 10.8 4.7 10.2 12.8 12.7 1.3 0.7 8.6 4.8 7.1 7.1 2.0 5.4 6.5 6.9 6.5 5.8 10.7 2.9 1.5


Algeria Argentina Australia b Bahrain c Belarus Brazil d Canada b Chile China e Colombia Croatia Dominican Republic c, e, f Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia c European Union (27) g extra-EU (27) imports Ghana Guatemala e Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan c Kazakhstan c Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait c Lebanon Malaysia e Mexico b, e Morocco e New Zealand Norway Oman c Pakistan Panama c Peru Philippines Qatar c Russian Federation b, c Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Singapore retained imports c South Africa Sudan c Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic c Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam c Or nearest year. Imports are valued f.o.b. Includes Secretariat estimates. Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. Includes significant imports into processing zones. Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.



119

4.5 Textiles Table II.62

Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

World Asia World Asia Europe North America Africa Middle East South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) China World Asia North America Europe Africa South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Other economies in Asia World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe World Europe Asia Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America Middle East South and Central America North America World North America South and Central America Asia Europe Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

120





2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

286

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

5

17

-3

168 78 26 24 13 11 10 7

100.0 48.0 17.2 16.6 5.4 6.8 3.8 2.1

100.0 46.5 15.5 14.2 7.6 6.3 5.9 3.9

47.1 22.6 8.1 7.8 2.5 3.2 1.8 1.0

58.9 27.4 9.1 8.3 4.5 3.7 3.5 2.3

8 8 7 6 14 7 16 19

19 18 19 13 26 23 25 24

-1 1 -10 3 2 -4 -2 10

95 38 15 15 9 7 6 6

100.0 40.3 19.6 17.7 7.4 4.2 6.7 4.1

100.0 39.8 15.6 15.4 9.5 6.8 6.6 6.3

20.2 8.2 4.0 3.6 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.8

33.4 13.3 5.2 5.1 3.2 2.3 2.2 2.1

13 13 9 11 17 21 12 20

23 25 12 18 29 33 30 26

1 2 3 -7 4 -2 2 11

73 40 11 9 4 4 3 1

100.0 53.8 16.9 14.4 6.9 3.9 3.4 0.6

100.0 55.1 15.6 12.3 6.1 5.1 4.6 0.9

26.9 14.4 4.5 3.9 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.2

25.5 14.0 4.0 3.1 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.2

4 5 3 2 2 8 9 10

15 13 20 14 15 21 12 12

-3 0 -14 4 -11 -2 -3 7

82 59 6 5 5 4 2 1

100.0 75.8 6.2 5.3 3.5 5.8 2.0 0.7

100.0 71.5 6.7 6.6 5.5 4.9 2.9 1.3

39.2 29.7 2.4 2.1 1.4 2.3 0.8 0.3

28.8 20.6 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.4

0 0 2 4 7 -2 6 10

14 14 16 9 21 11 17 17

-9 -11 -5 -4 5 2 2 9

18 10 4 2 1 0 0 0

100.0 62.3 18.7 9.5 7.9 0.9 0.4 0.4

100.0 55.9 22.1 12.1 8.1 1.0 0.5 0.2

8.4 5.2 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0

6.2 3.5 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

1 -1 3 4 1 2 3 -7

12 8 28 7 7 -8 15 21

-1 4 -12 0 -7 5 -4 -10


Table II.63

Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

United States

Mexico a c

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012


S Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 25956 18215 3397 3177 501 424 204 37

100.0 70.2 13.1 12.2 1.9 1.6 0.8 0.1

2 5 -2 -3 -2 -6 -1 -6

8 11 12 5 -19 -18 0 -6

2 3 1 1 4 1 -4 -7

China India European Union (27) Mexico Pakistan

10004 3202 2625 1615 1573

38.5 12.3 10.1 6.2 6.1

7 7 -3 -1 -1

10 14 10 5 8

5 7 -1 0 -8

Above 5 Canada Korea, Republic of Turkey Chinese Taipei Japan Viet Nam Israel Indonesia Bangladesh Thailand Egypt Dominican Republic Brazil Malaysia Bahrain, Kingdom of Switzerland United Arab Emirates Colombia Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Philippines Nepal El Salvador Cambodia Peru New Zealand Sri Lanka Jordan Hong Kong, China Norway Australia Turkmenistan Guatemala Honduras South Africa Chile

19020 1562 921 670 651 582 316 277 249 198 195 177 126 94 86 82 76 66 55 50 43 43 42 38 33 30 27 26 25 23 23 18 18 18 18 10

73.3 6.0 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

-4 -1 -1 -1 0 26 -4 2 7 -7 0 5 -18 5 10 -2 17 1 11 -6 0 7 15 6 4 -6 67 -15 21 -8 -1 0 12 -10 0

6 14 18 9 5 32 -17 17 10 -10 0 12 -56 56 18 7 -1 15 12 10 41 12 43 6 28 2 174 -15 151 7 15 13 36 8 20

1 6 8 6 8 -13 1 -7 -6 -14 -6 10 -7 8 -18 -4 2 5 25 -14 7 -19 17 7 3 19 289 -7 127 -36 3 29 32 5 -6

Above 40

25889

99.7

-

-

-

Economy

Tuvalu North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa CIS

6003 3803 1528 458 192 16 3 2

100.0 63.3 25.5 7.6 3.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

0 -2 5 2 -1 1 -7 -8

14 13 15 22 4 13 -22 439

2 2 10 -7 -7 -13 32 -46

3669 901 424 143 134

61.1 15.0 7.1 2.4 2.2

-2 6 2 1 1

13 20 22 4 9

1 9 -8 25 21

Above 5 India Chinese Taipei Pakistan Colombia Brazil Thailand Japan Guatemala Indonesia Hong Kong, China Turkey El Salvador Dominican Republic Israel Malaysia Peru Viet Nam Bangladesh Switzerland Costa Rica Honduras Cambodia Singapore Chile Philippines Bolivia, Plurinational State of United Arab Emirates Argentina Ukraine Egypt Cuba Australia Uruguay South Africa Ecuador

5271 125 120 58 45 45 42 35 35 30 29 26 18 18 14 13 12 11 9 8 5 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

87.8 2.1 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

19 1 2 2 -1 9 2 2 -5 13 15 10 0 0 -1 11 19 8 0 1 44 -1 25 -26 -24 46 32 -12 -10 5 29 7 -30 -9 9

27 2 31 12 -13 9 -27 22 5 10 11 -14 16 16 -20 59 27 80 16 10 -11 … -46 29 78 8 106 -24 … -39 -78 -28 17 39 51

0 12 -10 -20 -8 -5 29 -1 -28 134 5 -9 -6 -17 46 17 47 41 1 116 14 82 425 -19 -1 31 113 1 -55 19 … -17 -61 44 9

Above 40

5999

99.9

-

-

-

Economy United States China European Union (27) Korea, Republic of Canada




Value

121




Share

2012

2012

China b c Annual percentage change 2005-12

2011

2012

Region

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World Europe Asia North America Africa Middle East CIS South and Central America

74118 52903 17624 1318 1187 503 374 126

100.0 71.4 23.8 1.8 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.2

0 -1 5 1 3 -4 -3 -7

14 13 18 5 18 7 4 12

-12 -12 -14 -8 -14 -26 -17 -12

European Union (27) China Turkey India Pakistan

46992 9154 4574 2723 1960

63.4 12.4 6.2 3.7 2.6

-1 9 2 1 4

13 15 21 21 25

-12 -9 -12 -23 -26

Above 5 United States Switzerland Korea, Republic of Japan Egypt Indonesia Chinese Taipei Bangladesh Tunisia Thailand Viet Nam Israel Morocco Malaysia Belarus Norway Croatia United Arab Emirates Iran, Islamic Rep. of Serbia Hong Kong, China Mexico Russian Federation Ukraine Canada South Africa Moldova Brazil Peru Uzbekistan Nepal Sri Lanka Bosnia and Herzegovina FYR Macedonia Philippines

65403 1193 982 898 655 503 452 413 391 366 305 288 281 218 167 123 112 87 87 75 73 73 71 61 58 55 52 49 44 43 42 42 40 39 33 29

88.2 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

1 -2 1 2 6 -1 -2 9 5 -2 14 1 7 1 3 -4 2 6 -13 28 0 1 -11 -4 -3 -11 2 -14 5 -6 -4 5 17 7 -5

6 8 16 23 26 12 13 37 5 15 28 4 27 64 13 23 13 11 -14 42 18 35 22 3 -18 10 8 3 41 -23 20 19 8 6 11

-7 -14 1 -7 -18 -18 -14 -26 -10 -26 3 -17 -12 -30 -9 -11 -11 -19 -14 10 -9 -1 -27 -12 -30 -11 -31 -9 -6 -29 -14 -4 -6 7 -4

Above 40

73802

99.6

-

-

-

Economy

122

Value

World Asia Europe North America CIS Middle East Africa South and Central America

19810 17053 1737 760 141 65 26 19

100.0 86.1 8.8 3.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1

4 3 11 10 46 23 21 5

7 6 17 7 -39 18 -2 51

5 5 1 0 151 -14 71 -7

3346 3099 3045 2323 1978

16.9 15.6 15.4 11.7 10.0

1 0 2 -1 19

12 6 -7 6 23

-6 -5 2 -5 57

Above 5 European Union (27) India Viet Nam United States Hong Kong, China Indonesia Thailand Malaysia Turkey Uzbekistan Bangladesh Switzerland Philippines Turkmenistan Mexico Canada Singapore Israel Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Australia United Arab Emirates Egypt Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of Peru Brazil Nepal New Zealand Ethiopia Macao, China Sri Lanka Zimbabwe Iran Belarus Norway Chile

13792 1554 1109 800 699 366 342 313 153 129 100 55 51 45 35 33 29 29 23 21 16 16 13 10 7 7 6 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2

69.6 7.8 5.6 4.0 3.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

10 34 59 9 -15 9 5 5 26 120 54 16 16 92 22 9 -6 23 33 -8 32 29 28 19 -2 24 6 67 -15 24 585 40 -1 3 25

15 26 45 8 -25 -7 3 14 42 -39 210 31 3 -3 -3 -4 -3 82 2 1 13 46 113 85 17 145 18 -66 -4 -9 -100 -19 -51 -63 85

0 72 26 -2 -25 28 -13 -5 9 111 -10 12 -7 … 76 -6 -17 -8 -18 8 -3 25 52 34 -32 56 -18 … 23 33 … 93 116 1 344

Above 40

19785

99.9

-

-

-

Economy


Japan Chinese Taipei China Korea, Republic of Pakistan




Japan

Turkey

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012


Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 9013 7928 715 285 51 16 13 4

100.0 88.0 7.9 3.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0

-6 -7 1 0 -9 5 -3 10

28 29 19 12 46 34 20 -11

-2 -2 -1 4 27 5 -3 27

China European Union (27) Indonesia Chinese Taipei Korea, Republic of

5266 646 573 466 422

58.4 7.2 6.4 5.2 4.7

-8 2 -7 -6 -4

25 20 50 29 23

0 0 -9 -5 -9

Above 5 Viet Nam Thailand United States India Malaysia Pakistan Turkey Iran Bangladesh Philippines Canada Switzerland Macao, China Israel Brazil Mexico Egypt Australia Singapore South Africa Peru Lao People's Dem. Rep. United Arab Emirates Sri Lanka Cambodia Hong Kong, China Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Russian Federation New Zealand Norway Belarus Myanmar Tanzania Nepal Moldova

7372 362 312 249 183 141 104 47 34 30 29 29 21 16 12 11 7 7 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

81.8 4.0 3.5 2.8 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

-14 -8 1 -2 -12 -4 -10 -5 -11 0 -14 3 -7 -25 2 -2 -6 5 -9 -3 6 -41 -29 -4 -48 30 -16 7 6 2 -13 -7 1 -7 -35

42 35 9 53 9 127 25 39 44 -6 30 -9 36 57 29 52 12 17 105 11 29 -20 100 23 152 15 -33 -70 24 33 15 19 89 42 131

13 -16 5 -18 5 -20 2 41 12 17 -2 -23 11 14 -3 -5 -6 -20 7 5 23 69 -33 11 … -25 155 331 -31 83 -15 58 -16 25 -17

Above 40

9009

100.0

-

-

-

Economy

World Asia Europe CIS Africa Middle East North America South and Central America

6441 4219 1461 261 244 121 40 5

100.0 65.5 22.7 4.1 3.8 1.9 0.6 0.1

-5 -9 1 -1 -22 -3 0 15

16 19 16 -5 20 -13 -20 139

-15 -15 -8 -9 -14 -50 -18 -50

China European Union (27) India Indonesia Viet Nam

1527 1387 584 572 421

23.7 21.5 9.1 8.9 6.5

14 -1 10 15 80

27 15 13 21 35

-17 -8 -14 6 14

Above 5 Pakistan Korea, Republic of Egypt Bangladesh Turkmenistan Malaysia Chinese Taipei Thailand Israel Switzerland Uzbekistan United States Japan Bahrain, Kingdom of Belarus United Arab Emirates FYR Macedonia Sri Lanka Ethiopia Tajikistan Iran Nepal Russian Federation Syrian Arab Republic Morocco Hong Kong, China Tunisia Philippines Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Norway Jordan Serbia Mauritius Azerbaijan Brazil

4491 258 235 211 208 170 144 102 99 48 46 46 37 28 24 18 18 16 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 3

69.7 4.0 0 3.7 -5 3.3 37 3.2 19 2.6 10 2.2 -2 1.6 11 1.5 0 0.7 6 0.7 -2 0.7 -7 0.6 0 0.4 -6 0.4 74 0.3 -2 0.3 3 0.3 29 0.2 56 0.2 243 0.2 18 0.2 -5 0.2 16 0.1 -17 0.1 22 0.1 44 0.1 0 0.1 12 0.1 -13 0.1 -21 0.1 15 0.1 23 0.1 … 0.1 -13 0.0 28 0.0 -18

24 9 18 6 9 4 -1 -1 -10 21 -32 -22 -2 138 89 20 65 -13 34 69 -28 9 -1 -29 74 -28 107 4 2 182 7 -4 3 44 51

-50 -27 -14 9 -3 -20 19 -43 2 -19 -42 -17 -16 -20 53 -5 6 -16 -34 319 -20 10 -32 -93 182 35 -8 -43 -65 -13 51 -37 -12 … -28

Above 40

6332

98.3

-

-

Economy


-

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b In 2012, China reported imports from China accounting for 15.4 per cent of its textile imports. For further information, see the Metadata. c Includes significant imports into processing zones.



123

Table II.64

Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Exporters China a European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports India United States Korea, Republic of Turkey Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Chinese Taipei Pakistan Japan Indonesia Viet Nam b Thailand Mexico a United Arab Emirates b, c Above 15 Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States China a, d Hong Kong, China retained imports Viet Nam b Japan Turkey Mexico a, e Bangladesh b Indonesia Korea, Republic of Russian Federation b, e Canada e Brazil e India Above 15 a b c d

124



2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

95 69 22 15 13 12 11 11 0 10 10 9 8 5 4 4 2 2

4.6 2.4 6.8 4.0 0.6 1.7 3.2 1.6 9.3 0.1 ... 0.6 0.2 0.1

6.9 2.1 4.8 5.8 1.4 2.1 5.9 2.6 5.6 1.2 ... 0.9 0.7 0.0

10.4 36.6 10.1 3.6 7.1 8.2 2.4 0.8 7.7 2.9 4.5 2.3 0.2 1.3 1.7 0.8

33.4 24.3 7.8 5.3 4.7 4.2 3.9 0.1 3.6 3.0 2.7 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.8

13 0 1 9 1 2 7 -4 -15 -3 1 3 2 4 28 4 1 7

28 8 10 41 23 20 16 13 -10 14 23 21 16 29 52 25 20 7

23 13 14 20 13 13 20 0 -19 0 13 16 13 16 23 8 11 6

1 -10 -6 0 -2 -3 3 -7 -8 -6 -7 -4 -3 -5 9 -14 4 16

260

-

-

90.4

91.1

-

-

-

-

74 27 26 20 10 0 9 9 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 3

4.5 1.9 3.7 ... 3.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 2.3 0.1 0.1

6.2 4.9 3.8 ... 3.8 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.8 2.2 0.2 0.2

35.1 9.9 9.8 7.8 0.9 0.8 3.0 1.3 3.6 0.8 0.8 2.1 0.4 2.5 0.6 0.4

24.5 9.0 8.6 6.6 0.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1

0 3 2 4 -4 -52 15 6 5 0 13 33 5 21 1 21 8

11 18 22 18 13 -22 29 7 39 23 58 50 37 52 17 46 23

14 17 8 7 -2 -115 24 28 16 14 24 34 17 25 8 14 22

-12 -14 2 5 -6 -111 6 -2 -15 2 5 -1 -14 5 2 0 -2

184

-

-

69.8

60.8

-

-

-

-

Includes significant shipments through processing zones Includes Secretariat estimates. Mainly re-exports. In 2012, China reported imports of textiles from China amounting to $3.0 billion. For further information, see the Metadata.



Table II.65

Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990

a b c d e

104354 | 158 153 343 769 687 33 7219 133 ... ... 3 554 38 34 8213 2171 6042 2180 1241 510 270 5871 31 21 6076 ... 136 343 35 713 203 82 135 ... 163 2663 221 132 ... 903 141 762 167 25 2557 555 6128 ... 928 112 1440 6 5039 ...

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

154848 258 347 393 410 895 2204 114 16135 268 87 ... 40 411 79 56737 15603 41134 53 13441 1174 12267 5593 3505 766 490 6994 43 26 12710 8 271 1270 81 2571 123 182 146 10 173 4532 128 297 475 ... 907 293 614 237 244 1503 158 11891 11 1958 154 3672 127 1289 10952 299

252221 263 239 1263 615 1094 1907 195 76871 414 115 274 200 1292 240 67881 20799 47082 258 11307 251 11056 12833 4144 993 848 7086 71 60 10968 37 54 1671 74 1928 337 266 265 231 180 7848 288 170 583 95 809 266 542 231 172 1498 671 9719 116 3761 446 8964 192 1812 12169 3061

294953 300 274 1590 745 1108 2024 213 94411 486 121 331 165 1523 283 76959 23811 53148 278 11283 203 11080 15340 4791 939 801 8034 72 60 12369 43 50 2036 114 2140 413 292 297 85 197 9082 374 184 670 125 851 263 587 235 198 1638 591 11016 115 4072 468 10772 224 1913 13791 3770

285668 222 257 1634 727 996 2018 193 95450 454 110 349 119 1365 276 69366 22374 46992 247 10546 186 10360 15274 4541 1097 743 7819 71 70 11970 37 21 1786 97 2236 355 293 266 78 208 8705 488 170 657 132 801 258 553 228 226 1175 236 10293 133 3521 456 11054 232 2218 13485 4117

2.0 0.5 0.3 7.6 3.0 1.1 0.7 0.5 5.4 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.5 2.1 3.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 3.3 4.7 3.0 4.9 8.4 3.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.4 3.7 1.1 11.1 1.0 3.5 1.0 1.7 21.6 1.2 ... 0.2 44.2 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 2.1 1.2 2.6 4.9 1.8 2.5 3.1 9.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.2

1.6 0.3 0.1 6.5 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 4.7 0.8 0.9 3.8 0.5 4.6 5.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 2.5 2.1 0.8 2.2 5.2 2.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 2.2 0.7 2.0 0.8 3.6 0.6 1.7 32.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 35.4 1.1 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 2.4 0.5 5.9 3.4 2.4 1.5 2.7 7.3 0.3 0.6 0.9 3.6

|

|

| | |

| |


World Argentina Australia Bangladesh b, c Belarus Brazil Canada Chile China d Colombia Croatia Dominican Republic c, d Ecuador Egypt El Salvador d European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports Guatemala Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan c Kenya Korea, Republic of Lebanon Macao, China Malaysia d Mauritius c, d Mexico d Morocco d Nepal c New Zealand Nigeria c Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines d Russian Federation Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa c Sri Lanka c Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic c Chinese Taipei Tanzania c Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, e United States Viet Nam c Or nearest year. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Includes significant exports from processing zones. Mainly re-exports.



125

Table II.66

Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value

Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Cambodia b Canada b Chile China f Colombia Costa Rica f Croatia Dominican Republic d, f, g Egypt El Salvador f European Union (27) h extra-EU (27) imports FYR Macedonia Guatemala f Honduras b, d Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Israel Japan Jordan d Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Lebanon Macao, China Madagascar d Malaysia f Mauritius d Mexico b, f Morocco f New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b, d Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka d Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic d Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d a b c d e f g h

126

1990

2000

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

53 1445 452 ... 252 ... 2325 203 5292 75 83 ... ... 211 111 ... 38 26 10182 ... 240 785 ... 474 4133 107 17 1947 168 ... 619 20 951 336 992 361 396 ... 554 126 17 910 1312 1778 1016 561 412 1849 168 1013 898 790 567 983 6730 112 ...

653 1632 1350 256 ... 1045 432 4126 431 12832 558 184 249 1173 206 325 57445 16275 27 59 501 13716 ... 585 1251 298 759 4934 172 47 3359 212 178 906 200 1114 411 5822 1364 369 38 509 130 165 1250 714 986 1275 661 569 1483 1326 399 1460 1630 1207 2124 450 2055 15985 286 1379

1067 2182 4471 526 299 3773 1808 4150 1024 17679 1094 287 436 673 | 2035 878 73944 26862 409 944 1578 11265 ... 2790 4216 603 765 7196 555 277 4833 374 274 102 255 1193 236 5150 2025 513 1114 816 950 725 648 3551 1464 1044 502 1145 1723 1992 499 1285 2672 1845 6540 1089 2366 23375 633 7042

1293 2550 5562 645 337 4303 2150 4502 1192 18901 1530 338 513 1010 2265 1032 84606 31458 476 1068 1654 11049 ... 3393 5654 693 788 9195 635 369 5658 451 252 83 329 1466 285 5859 2443 596 1410 971 1245 894 814 4439 1723 1151 564 1385 2230 2297 477 1418 2982 2026 7557 1224 2707 25359 511 8702

1133 2587 5840 639 297 4300 2487 4591 1198 19810 1522 343 416 1029 2278 1024 74118 27126 439 984 1566 10364 ... 3318 5570 654 706 9013 718 324 4882 548 265 66 269 1369 274 6003 2413 603 1284 906 1077 971 796 4661 2036 1081 528 1330 2185 2050 207 1255 3245 1843 6441 1280 3067 25956 725 9195

2.5 1.5 17.5 2.1 2.8 1.6 25.1 1.4 1.8 2.3 3.4 2.5 2.4 6.5 1.5 13.4 1.7 1.5 9.8 11.1 17.9 4.6 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.1 6.5 4.1 1.4 2.1 2.2 15.6 15.5 0.8 8.0 2.7 8.6 2.0 ... 1.3 1.9 2.6 2.2 1.3 2.0 0.5 0.4 1.6 17.5 1.3 3.5 0.6 1.7 12.2 3.8 2.5 2.6 1.3 2.1 9.3

1.7 1.0 17.1 1.4 3.0 1.9 22.6 1.0 1.5 1.1 2.6 2.0 2.0 5.6 3.3 10.0 1.2 1.2 6.7 5.8 14.0 1.9 ... 0.7 2.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 3.5 2.0 0.9 2.1 1.2 0.7 8.8 0.7 5.1 1.6 5.4 1.6 2.5 1.0 2.4 2.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.3 11.4 1.0 2.8 0.5 1.3 7.5 2.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 8.1

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|

|

| |

|




4.6 Clothing Table II.67

Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value




2012

2005

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

423

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

6

18

1

246 72 71 60 13 12 10 8

100.0 27.2 36.4 24.1 5.4 3.1 1.9 1.8

100.0 29.4 29.0 24.3 5.2 4.9 4.1 3.1

48.3 13.1 17.6 11.6 2.6 1.5 0.9 0.9

58.1 17.1 16.9 14.1 3.0 2.8 2.4 1.8

9 10 6 9 9 16 21 18

20 23 13 24 9 25 42 19

3 -9 3 17 4 14 10 31

160 47 41 35 12 9 9 6

100.0 33.3 23.7 24.7 9.5 3.5 2.9 2.4

100.0 29.7 25.4 22.2 7.6 5.6 5.4 4.1

26.7 8.9 6.3 6.6 2.5 0.9 0.8 0.7

37.8 11.2 9.6 8.4 2.9 2.1 2.1 1.5

12 10 13 10 8 19 22 20

18 21 20 12 8 26 41 19

4 18 -13 3 3 14 9 34

86 36 32 12 3 2 1 1

100.0 50.9 31.5 12.8 2.6 0.7 0.9 0.4

100.0 41.7 36.6 14.3 3.5 1.8 1.2 0.8

21.6 11.0 6.8 2.8 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1

20.4 8.5 7.5 2.9 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2

5 2 8 7 10 19 10 15

22 14 27 37 22 51 24 33

2 2 -3 13 12 12 17 16

127 103 7 7 5 3 2 1

100.0 83.8 4.0 3.3 4.9 1.6 1.3 0.2

100.0 81.0 5.6 5.3 3.6 2.6 1.3 0.5

36.2 30.3 1.5 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.1

30.0 24.3 1.7 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.2

3 3 8 10 -1 11 3 15

16 14 36 25 23 25 7 47

-6 -9 8 8 8 11 7 17

16 10 5 0 0 0 0 0

100.0 83.5 13.6 2.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

100.0 66.5 30.9 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0

5.1 4.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3.7 2.5 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 -2 14 -2 16 11 -9 -6

16 12 28 14 32 34 40 19

2 -1 11 -12 41 15 -1 28



World Asia World Europe North America Asia Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East South and Central America Africa China World Asia Europe North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East South and Central America Africa Other economies in Asia World North America Europe Asia Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe World Europe Asia Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America Middle East South and Central America Africa South and Central America World North America South and Central America Europe Asia Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)


127

Table II.68

Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Canada a

United States

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region

World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East CIS

9365 7576 853 537 276 91 24 9

100.0 80.9 9.1 5.7 2.9 1.0 0.3 0.1

7 8 2 2 6 7 -1 -8

15 16 7 17 9 2 -5 13

-2 -3 5 2 15 -1 10 -1

China Bangladesh Cambodia United States European Union (27)

4430 1012 538 519 403

47.3 10.8 5.7 5.5 4.3

7 16 26 2 2

10 32 49 6 18

-8 5 9 6 3

Above 5 Viet Nam Mexico India Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Turkey Thailand Sri Lanka Honduras Philippines El Salvador Chinese Taipei Guatemala Peru Korea, Republic of Nicaragua Haiti Egypt Tunisia Morocco Hong Kong, China Dominican Republic Jordan Japan Colombia Lao People's Dem. Rep. Switzerland Lesotho Canada Mauritius Costa Rica Ukraine Singapore Nepal

6902 401 325 289 246 127 120 113 112 110 85 66 38 36 34 30 29 26 24 23 22 21 21 20 17 13 9 9 9 8 8 8 6 6 5 5

73.7 4.3 3.5 3.1 2.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

22 2 -2 12 9 8 3 0 11 7 -2 8 -6 5 7 -10 28 13 11 10 13 -19 -2 18 11 -5 7 5 -5 8 14 3 0 -2 -2

27 7 13 30 14 13 12 10 30 16 18 -13 4 40 20 5 7 -10 10 16 5 -14 10 4 3 13 -16 0 -27 -3 13 -37 16 -62 26

13 3 -11 0 9 10 5 -6 15 7 14 49 1 -8 12 -10 51 35 -3 -8 8 -3 23 17 38 12 45 -16 -28 28 63 -5 -2 331 -28

Above 40

9323

99.5

-

-

-

Economy

128

Value

World Asia South and Central America North America Europe Africa Middle East CIS

87957 67195 9773 4641 3067 2020 1227 34

100.0 76.4 11.1 5.3 3.5 2.3 1.4 0.0

1 4 -2 -7 -4 -1 -6 -26

8 7 12 7 20 11 7 25

-1 -1 -2 -2 6 -2 7 -13

34681 7445 5284 4643 3970

39.4 8.5 6.0 5.3 4.5

7 14 8 9 -7

4 12 13 13 8

-1 7 -2 -1 -3

Above 5 India Honduras Cambodia European Union (27) El Salvador Thailand Malaysia Pakistan Sri Lanka Nicaragua Guatemala Philippines Jordan Egypt Haiti Canada Dominican Republic Peru Chinese Taipei Turkey Lesotho Korea, Republic of Kenya Colombia Hong Kong, China Mauritius Costa Rica Morocco Tunisia Bahrain, Kingdom of Israel Japan Swaziland Madagascar Macao, China

56023 3351 2711 2640 2560 1883 1816 1693 1658 1637 1382 1310 1209 1008 904 745 671 669 628 478 429 311 289 265 221 180 171 164 109 103 96 90 72 62 45 45

63.7 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0 0 5 -2 2 -4 4 2 -1 9 -5 -7 -2 10 9 -11 -14 -4 -13 -12 -4 -20 -1 -13 -35 0 -15 9 9 -4 -16 -8 -13 -23 -38

6 9 16 23 6 -4 10 10 15 33 14 16 10 7 35 3 5 7 -6 11 11 -2 28 -14 -6 28 -1 34 18 1 -4 11 -18 -28 -34

-8 -2 -2 8 6 -3 -1 -10 5 -1 -6 -3 9 -3 4 1 -1 -14 -6 16 -4 -7 -3 -7 -10 3 -5 22 14 11 -7 -4 -22 7 -22

Above 40

87626

99.6

-

-

-

Economy


China Viet Nam Indonesia Bangladesh Mexico



Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Share

2012

2012

Japan Annual percentage change 2005-12

2011

2012

Region World Europe Asia Africa North America CIS South and Central America Middle East

Value

Share

2012

2012


2011

2012

Region 170058 93711 67449 6633 882 763 353 253

100.0 55.1 39.7 3.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1

4 3 6 -1 5 -3 0 -7

14 14 16 10 5 19 18 28

-11 -9 -12 -17 10 -13 -9 -28

European Union (27) China Turkey Bangladesh India

80356 37613 10749 10613 5739

47.3 22.1 6.3 6.2 3.4

3 7 1 13 4

14 11 11 36 16

-9 -16 -9 0 -20

Above 5 Tunisia Morocco Viet Nam Pakistan Sri Lanka Indonesia Cambodia Thailand Malaysia Switzerland Hong Kong, China United States FYR Macedonia Egypt Croatia Ukraine Mauritius Serbia Madagascar Albania Philippines Moldova Lao People's Dem. Rep. Korea, Republic of Myanmar Chinese Taipei Bosnia and Herzegovina Japan Peru Canada United Arab Emirates Mexico Honduras Israel Syrian Arab Republic

145070 2742 2646 2342 1944 1849 1646 1569 1128 1115 763 704 681 585 493 445 396 370 353 323 272 270 221 187 175 142 141 134 132 115 113 108 88 69 57 53

85.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

-2 -1 15 7 8 1 15 -1 7 1 -15 5 7 3 -2 -5 -6 15 5 10 0 9 3 -12 -7 -11 -1 0 3 1 -5 6 16 -11 -10

9 10 30 29 13 21 62 0 12 13 0 5 18 17 18 18 -4 15 29 13 25 25 18 13 4 -1 16 2 13 11 12 2 39 29 57

-19 -14 -5 -10 -3 -12 22 -16 -6 -9 7 17 -11 -23 -14 -15 -14 -7 -1 -11 -1 -10 -1 -17 -23 -8 -22 -8 -17 -3 -7 -17 -14 -33 -51

Above 40

169438

99.6

-

-

-

Economy

World Asia Europe North America Africa South and Central America CIS Middle East

33942 31838 1677 244 96 67 17 4

100.0 93.8 4.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

6 7 -1 -5 12 9 19 -11

23 23 21 10 9 33 13 33

3 3 7 14 3 4 -2 -20

China Viet Nam European Union (27) Indonesia Thailand

26205 2163 1539 657 531

77.2 6.4 4.5 1.9 1.6

5 20 -1 27 10

19 51 22 103 31

0 18 6 59 13

Above 5 Bangladesh Myanmar Malaysia India Korea, Republic of United States Cambodia Philippines Turkey Chinese Taipei Sri Lanka Tunisia Morocco Peru Lao People's Dem. Rep. Pakistan Mexico Hong Kong, China Canada Switzerland Honduras Moldova Nepal Brazil Egypt Guatemala Croatia Madagascar FYR Macedonia Ukraine Mauritius Colombia El Salvador Mongolia Costa Rica

31096 488 408 326 302 239 206 191 121 110 79 47 42 37 24 24 22 20 18 18 13 12 11 9 7 7 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3

91.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

55 34 11 11 -8 -5 56 3 14 3 12 9 15 17 51 15 -2 -15 0 -6 6 43 14 10 36 18 -4 8 23 8 8 3 -3 13 20

77 91 23 33 4 9 85 61 11 8 20 20 -11 39 79 21 1 -7 40 5 70 40 52 -29 28 115 -22 74 172 -7 24 33 127 23 53

39 18 12 8 -6 12 24 21 34 2 7 -3 16 7 62 32 24 -9 32 -29 17 -5 24 14 11 3 -28 16 17 8 -37 -15 25 69 -6

Above 40

33916

99.9

-

-

-

Economy





129

Table II.69

Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


2012

1980

1990

2000

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

Exporters China a European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Bangladesh b Turkey Viet Nam b India Indonesia United States Malaysia a Mexico a Cambodia Thailand Pakistan Sri Lanka b

160 109 29 23 0 22 20 14 14 14 8 6 5 4 4 4 4 4

4.0 11.5 0.0 0.3 ... 2 0.2 3.1 0.4 0.0 ... 0.7 0.3 0.3

8.9 8.6 0.6 3.1 ... 2 1.5 2.4 1.2 0.5 ... 2.6 0.9 0.6

18.2 28.4 6.6 5.0 2.6 3.3 0.9 3.0 2.4 4.4 1.1 4.4 0.5 1.9 1.1 1.4

37.8 25.8 6.8 0.1 4.7 3.4 3.3 3.3 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9

12 3 6 -3 -38 2 16 3 17 7 6 2 9 -7 10 1 2 5

21 2 2 5 -28 6 25 10 22 -6 15 12 24 6 25 15 17 7

18 17 26 2 -14 2 29 9 27 31 18 11 18 6 31 6 16 21

4 -7 2 -8 -29 -8 4 2 7 -6 -6 7 0 -4 8 -6 -7 -5

Above 15

370

-

-

78.7

87.5

-

-

-

-

Importers European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports United States Japan Hong Kong, China retained imports Canada c Russian Federation b, c Korea, Republic of Australia c Switzerland China a United Arab Emirates b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Mexico a, c Chile Turkey

170 90 88 34 16 ... 9 9 6 6 6 5 4 3 3 3 3

16.4 3.6 ... 1.7 0.0 0.8 3.4 0.1 0.6 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.0

24.0 7.8 ... 2.1 0.1 0.6 3.1 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0

41.1 19.8 33.0 9.7 ... 1.8 0.1 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.1

38.5 20.3 19.9 7.7 ... 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

4 5 1 6 -2 ... 7 39 12 10 4 16 13 13 2 17 19

3 4 14 5 7 ... 10 85 31 19 1 37 2 278 9 35 32

14 15 8 23 4 ... 15 23 38 21 16 59 21 28 20 36 15

-11 -12 -1 3 -5 ... -2 0 3 4 -7 13 13 18 8 7 -18

Above 15 d

348

-

-

92.4

78.9

-

-

-

-

a b c d

130


Includes significant shipments through processing zones Includes Secretariat estimates. Imports are valued f.o.b. Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.



Table II.70

Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value 1990

a b c d e

108129 ... 643 ... ... 247 ... 328 9669 460 54 ... 782 144 184 ... 24 63 64 15406 9266 6140 2530 1646 482 568 11 9 7879 ... 1111 11 1315 607 587 722 12 67 1014 120 1733 ... 1588 995 593 85 638 686 330 3987 2817 1126 3331 146 2565 ...

|

| |

|

2010

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

197786 97 5067 262 ... 30 282 970 2077 36071 520 660 469 2555 313 1673 56240 13025 43215 318 49 245 2275 24214 9933 14281 5965 4734 729 534 115 9 5027 ... 161 1844 309 2257 948 8631 76 2401 800 116 2144 504 2536 438 ... 1825 504 1321 218 2812 607 129 3015 3759 2227 6533 417 464 8629 1821

353092 281 14855 432 168 145 157 3041 1173 129820 650 161 488 550 1277 1696 100177 22328 77849 565 1187 509 2915 24049 417 23632 11229 6820 181 531 889 189 1610 126 506 164 348 3880 658 4363 233 3007 337 186 3930 1189 1764 134 407 1069 135 932 101 3491 1366 384 979 4300 3089 12760 569 1122 4694 10390

416521 325 19213 506 205 237 193 3995 1289 153774 650 172 578 645 1553 1829 116804 28054 88750 658 1255 677 3808 24505 360 24145 14672 8045 177 595 1004 247 1840 143 676 133 350 4567 893 4638 280 3274 943 206 4550 1525 1402 231 481 1190 146 1043 119 4211 1542 338 994 4561 3317 13948 668 1055 5233 13149

422686 292 19948 567 177 57 167 4294 1280 159614 703 193 515 680 1258 1912 108896 28540 80356 598 1229 720 3018 22573 256 22317 13833 7524 161 557 994 241 1910 157 634 111 304 4563 821 4449 254 3225 972 186 4214 1617 1612 356 505 1335 130 1204 125 4005 1409 135 971 4275 2992 14290 573 1223 5614 14068

2.7 30.0 74.1 2.1 3.4 4.6 0.3 71.5 0.5 9.7 4.3 6.7 6.5 30.9 1.4 49.3 2.1 1.5 2.4 24.4 28.0 83.6 55.3 9.3 36.1 7.4 8.8 5.7 1.1 0.1 24.7 5.4 0.9 3.5 68.5 66.8 40.3 1.8 34.7 3.4 15.7 25.4 8.7 0.9 22.5 6.1 5.5 0.1 5.4 0.7 0.2 1.4 0.3 45.3 1.2 1.6 0.8 3.7 29.8 16.1 2.0 0.7 0.6 14.4

2.4 14.9 79.4 1.2 3.4 1.0 0.1 52.4 0.3 7.8 1.2 1.7 4.2 7.5 4.3 35.8 1.9 1.3 2.2 14.9 12.3 88.3 38.1 4.6 1.1 4.7 4.7 4.0 0.3 0.1 12.6 3.9 0.3 8.3 57.7 10.9 20.3 2.0 30.7 1.2 11.8 15.1 10.9 0.5 17.2 3.5 3.1 0.1 4.4 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.1 42.7 0.6 3.4 0.3 1.9 17.6 9.4 0.8 0.3 0.4 12.3

|

|

| | |

| |


World Albania Bangladesh b, c Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Cambodia Canada China d Colombia Costa Rica d Croatia Dominican Republic c, d Egypt El Salvador d European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports intra-EU (27) exports FYR Macedonia Guatemala Haiti c Honduras c Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports India Indonesia Israel Japan Jordan c Kenya Korea, Republic of Kyrgyz Republic Lesotho c Macao, China Madagascar c Malaysia d Mauritius c, d Mexico d Moldova Morocco d Myanmar c New Zealand Pakistan Peru Philippines d Russian Federation Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Sri Lanka c Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic c Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, e United States Viet Nam c

2000

Or nearest year. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Includes significant exports from processing zones. Mainly re-exports.



131

Table II.71

Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value

Albania Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Canada b Chile China f Colombia Costa Rica f Croatia Dominican Republic d, f, g Ecuador Egypt El Salvador f European Union (27) h extra-EU (27) imports Guatemala f Honduras d Hong Kong, China retained imports Iceland India Indonesia Israel Japan Jordan d Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Lebanon Macao, China Malaysia f Mexico b, f Morocco f New Zealand Norway Panama d Peru Qatar d Russian Federation b, d Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d a b c d e f g h

132

1990

2000

2010

... 4 6 711 14 ... 59 2388 52 48 19 17 ... ... 1 9 171 5 25 6913 ... 75 2 16 61 8765 28 151 206 ... 26 76 573 8 149 1231 71 1 29 833 ... 920 328 108 3437 290 29 191 16 514 26977 101 ...

68 38 333 1858 174 50 ... 173 3690 501 1192 80 592 278 ... 23 11 713 83456 40170 33 1304 16008 ... 88 22 39 471 19705 61 1307 317 171 540 148 3602 232 401 1287 97 59 54 198 813 ... 1881 560 223 3160 978 131 438 264 60 832 67115 390 450

173 183 402 4832 161 136 174 1355 8314 1851 2518 393 239 580 203 | 139 608 296 166637 88787 168 338 16645 ... 113 236 365 1126 26867 283 4443 584 445 264 408 2294 299 962 2504 1871 346 326 7541 2240 289 1960 1028 1363 5288 1188 482 535 2835 738 2598 81939 606 451

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| |

2011

2012

2005

2012 a

199 238 563 5838 204 170 193 2066 9532 2519 4012 644 291 703 225 218 415 322 190746 101996 183 325 17248 ... 126 364 417 1364 32945 319 6110 729 470 345 690 2744 371 1125 2894 2368 487 419 9238 2866 324 2335 1293 1529 6139 1530 613 550 3272 592 3150 88584 536 529

175 289 460 6080 276 240 179 2556 9365 2706 4522 802 309 609 229 253 452 337 170058 89702 181 400 16338 ... 118 403 481 1450 33942 361 6267 851 510 391 856 2965 383 1147 2668 2540 583 480 9218 3388 312 2389 1185 1599 5721 1638 726 467 2677 1157 3569 87957 838 603

5.6 0.4 0.5 2.6 1.8 0.3 2.4 0.4 1.9 2.8 0.2 0.6 3.4 2.3 4.9 1.3 0.1 5.3 3.1 4.5 1.8 7 6.1 ... 2.9 0.0 0.1 1.4 4.4 1.6 1.1 3.5 3.0 22.1 0.2 1.1 1.4 2.7 3.3 2.6 0.9 1.4 0.9 2.5 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.5 3.5 0.6 0.2 4.3 0.7 1.1 1.8 4.6 2.2 0.9

3.6 0.6 0.7 2.4 0.8 0.5 1.8 1.1 2.0 3.4 0.2 1.4 1.8 2.9 1.2 1.0 0.7 3.3 2.9 3.9 1.1 3.6 3.0 ... 2.5 0.1 0.3 1.9 3.8 1.7 1.2 3.3 2.3 4.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 3.0 3.1 10.9 1.4 1.4 2.9 2.2 1.6 0.6 0.6 1.6 2.9 0.6 0.3 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 3.8 1.4 0.5




III. Trade in commercial services Exports of commercial services grew by 2 per cent in 2012. Key developments in 2012: a snapshot

134 141

Trade data List of tables

141

1. Overview

143

2. Transportation services

144

3. Travel

149

4. Other commercial services

154




133

Exports of commercial services vary significantly from region to region Share of “other commercial services” in regional commercial services exports, 2012*

18%

Share of royalties and licence fees in North America’s exports

6%

Share of construction in exports of Commonwealth of Independent States

Where to find more: Tables III.3, III.6 and III.9

134



t “Other commercial services”, ranging from construction to financial services and from computer and information services to insurance services, constitutes over half of commercial services exports. Its largest subcategory is “other business services”, which accounts for more than a quarter of commercial services exports in Asia, Europe and Central and South America.* t Construction exports accounted for 6 per cent of the exports of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2012, double the world’s average. Receipts from royalties and licence fees represented 18 per cent of North America’s commercial services exports in 2012. In Europe, exports of financial services accounted for 8 per cent of its services exports. The highest share of communications services was held by Africa (4.8 per cent). Computer and information services accounted for 8.8 per cent of the services exports of the Middle East, and 7 per cent of Europe’s services exports.

Financial services


Communications services

Construction Royalties and licence fees Computer and information services Other business services All figures are in US$ billion Charts of regions sized according to share in world total exports of other commercial services “Other commercial services” comprises *communications services (e.g. telecoms),

28%

Share of “other business services” in Europe’s exports


construction, insurance services, financial services, computer and information services, royalties and licence fees, other business services, and personal cultural and recreational services (e.g. audio-visual services). “Other business services” comprises traderelated services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations services, advertising and market research.


135

All services sectors see slowdown t Virtually all commercial services sectors saw a slowdown in 2012. Transport exports rose by only 1 per cent as a result of reduced merchandise trade. In Europe, transport exports fell by 2 per cent. Travel receipts, which represent more than a quarter of global services exports, grew by only 4 per cent compared with 12 per cent in 2011. t Exports of financial services experienced the steepest decline, contracting by 4 per cent in 2012, compared with 12 per cent growth in 2011. Europe’s exports of financial services dropped by 7 per cent while in North America the decline was 2 per cent. Global receipts of royalties and licence fees stagnated for the first time since 2001, with Europe’s receipts declining by 5 per cent. t Computer services recorded the highest growth in 2012, with world exports up by 6 per cent. This was sustained by Asia’s rapidly expanding exports.

Growth in exports of commercial services, 2011–2012

-4% Decrease in world exports of financial services in 2012

0% Growth in world receipts of royalties and licence fees in 2012

Where to find more: Tables III.3, III.6, III.12, III.16, III.19, III.22, III.25, III.30, III.33 and III.37

136



EU travel exports slump t The European Union’s travel receipts declined by 2 per cent in 2012 despite a modest increase in the number of international tourist arrivals. This was due in particular to lower travel exports within the European Union, which fell by 4 per cent. Receipts from travel within the European Union constitute two-thirds of EU travel receipts. In the United States, the second leading travel exporter, exports expanded by 9 per cent. t Among the ten leading travel exporters, the most rapid growth rates were recorded in Asia in 2012. Thailand’s exports rose by 24 per cent, followed by Hong Kong, China (+16 per cent). Macao, China’s travel receipts grew by 14 per cent, significantly lower than in 2011. t International tourist arrivals will rise between 3 and 4 per cent in 2013, according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization. Asia and Africa are projected to record the highest growth rates.

Ten leading travel exporters, 2011–2012

Growth in travel exports in 2012

-2% European Union

Thailand


24% 9% United States

Where to find more: Tables III.6 and III.7



137

Transport exports expand in Asia but shrink in Europe t Exports of transportation services expanded in several leading Asian traders in 2012. In the Republic of Korea, exports increased by 10 per cent following a 5 per cent drop in 2011. China’s exports rose by 9 per cent. In Singapore, which overtook Japan as the third largest exporter of transport services, exports rose by 7 per cent. However, India’s exports declined by 2 per cent. t US exports of transportation services grew by 4 per cent in 2012. Among the leading economies, Russia was the only country to record double-digit growth for two consecutive years. t EU exports of transportation services declined by 3 per cent in 2012, reflecting the decline in merchandise exports. Elsewhere in Europe, Norway’s exports expanded by only 3 per cent.

Change in exports of transportation services in 2012

Growth in exports of transportation services, 2011–2012

-3% European Union (27)

10% Korea, Republic of

10% Russia

Where to find more: Table III.3

138



Financial services experience another difficult year t Several leading exporters of financial services saw their exports decline in 2012. The European Union, the world’s largest exporter of financial services, saw its exports drop by 8 per cent, reflecting instability in the euro area, after recovering in 2011. Switzerland, the third-largest global supplier of financial services, was also affected with exports contracting by 6 per cent. t In North America, US exports of financial services shrunk by 2 per cent in 2012, while Canada’s rose by only around 1 per cent. t Asia was not spared by the new crisis in the financial markets. In India, exports of financial services dropped by 11 per cent in 2012. In the Republic of Korea, exports fell by 6 per cent while in Hong Kong, China, the decrease was a more modest 1 per cent. Singapore’s exports stagnated. In contrast, Japan continued to record positive export growth.

Growth in exports of financial services, 2011–2012

Growth in exports of financial services in 2012

European Union


-8% -6% Switzerland

Where to find more: Tables III.23



139

Exports of computer and information services soar t Computer and information services was the most dynamic services sector between 2005 and 2012, with an average annual growth in exports of 14 per cent. It was also the most resilient sector during the 2009 economic crisis. Insurance services and construction were the next most dynamic, each recording an average of 11 per cent growth. t World exports of communications services (largely telecommunications), other business services, and royalties and licence fees increased by an annual average of 9 per cent between 2005 and 2012. Global exports of financial services grew by an annual average of 8 per cent. t The slowest growth was recorded by personal, cultural and recreational services, which includes audio-visual and related services. This sector grew by an annual average of 7 per cent between 2005 and 2012.

Average annual growth in exports of commercial Growth in exports of commercial services, 2005–2012 services, 2005–2012

14% Computer and information services

11% Insurance services

11% Construction

Where to find more: Table III.12, III.16, III.19, III.22, III.25, III.30, III.33 and III.37

140



List of tables III. Trade in commercial services 1. Overview Table III.1

World trade in commercial services by category, 2012

143

Table III.2 Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 1990-2012

143

2. Transportation services Table III.3 World trade in transportation services by region, 2012

144

Table III.4 Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2012

145

Table III.5 Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011

146

3. Travel Table III.6 World trade in travel by region, 2012

149

Table III.7 Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2012

150

Table III.8 Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011

151

4. Other commercial services Table III.9 World trade in other commercial services by region, 2012

154

Table III.10 Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2012

155

Table III.11 Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011

156

4.1 Communications services Table III.12 World exports of communications services by region, 2011 and 2012

159

Table III.13 Major exporters and importers of communications services, 2011 and 2012

159

4.1.1 Telecommunications services 160

Table III.15 Exports of telecommunications services of selected economies by destination, 2011

161

4.2 Construction Table III.16 World exports of construction by region, 2011 and 2012

162

Table III.17 Major exporters and importers of construction, 2011 and 2012

162

Table III.18 Exports of construction of selected economies by destination, 2011

163


Table III.14 Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2011 and 2012

4.3 Insurance services Table III.19 World exports of insurance services by region, 2011 and 2012

164

Table III.20 Major exporters and importers of insurance services, 2011 and 2012

164

Table III.21 Exports of insurance services of selected economies by destination, 2011

165

4.4 Financial services Table III.22 World exports of financial services by region, 2011 and 2012

166

Table III.23 Major exporters and importers of financial services, 2011 and 2012

166

Table III.24 Exports of financial services of selected economies by destination, 2011

167

4.5 Computer and information services Table III.25 World exports of computer and information services by region, 2011 and 2012

168

Table III.26 Major exporters and importers of computer and information services, 2011 and 2012

168

Table III.27 Exports of computer and information services of selected economies by destination, 2011

169



141

4.5.1 Computer services Table III.28 Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2011 and 2012

170

Table III.29 Exports of computer services of selected economies by destination, 2011

171

4.6 Royalties and licence fees Table III.30 World receipts of royalties and licence fees by region, 2011 and 2012

172

Table III.31 Major economies for receipts and payments of royalties and licence fees, 2011 and 2012

172

Table III.32 Receipts of royalties and licence fees of selected economies by origin, 2011

173

4.7 Other business services Table III.33 World exports of other business services by region, 2011 and 2012

174

Table III.34 Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2011 and 2012

174

Table III.35 Exports of other business services of selected economies by destination, 2011

175

Table III.36 Trade in other business services by category in selected economies, 2011

176

4.8 Personal, cultural and recreational services Table III.37 World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2011 and 2012

177

Table III.38 Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2011 and 2012

177

Table III.39 Exports of personal, cultural and recreational services of selected economies by destination, 2011

178

4.8.1 Audiovisual services

142

Table III.40 Major exporters and importers of audio-visual and related services, 2011 and 2012

179

Table III.41 Exports of audio-visual and related services of selected economies by destination, 2011

180



1. Overview Table III.1

World trade in commercial services by category, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Share

Value 2012

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

4350 890 1110 2345

100.0 23.2 31.9 44.8

100.0 22.6 27.9 49.5

100.0 21.1 24.9 53.7

100.0 20.6 25.1 54.1

100.0 20.5 25.5 53.9

4150 1145 995 1965

100.0 28.6 30.1 41.2

100.0 28.6 27.4 44.0

100.0 27.1 23.8 47.6

100.0 27.7 23.4 47.8

100.0 27.5 24.0 47.3

Exports All commercial services Transportation services Travel Other commercial services Imports All commercial services Transportation services Travel Other commercial services

1RWH : Total commercial services do not add up to the sum of components due to unallocated services, accounting for 0.1 per cent of world exports and 0.2 per cent of world imports in 2012. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Table III.2

Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 1990-2012 (Annual percentage change)

North America

Europe

CIS

Africa

Middle East

Asia

Commercial services 1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-10 2011 2012

8 5 11 9 11 2

8 7 5 8 9 5

9 6 8 10 19 4

4 13 7 12 -2

... 18 14 20 9

7 4 ... 9 0 6

... ... ... ... 11 13

14 4 ... 12 12 6

1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-10 2011 2012

6 3 10 7 9 1

4 1 3 6 11 3

7 1 11 9 17 -1

3 11 6 10 -2

... 15 13 16 5

6 -1 14 9 6 9

... ... ... 9 22 13

11 3 11 9 4 4

1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-10 2011 2012

9 4 8 6 12 4

7 6 2 4 10 8

10 7 6 7 8 5

2 9 3 13 -2

... 18 9 28 12

8 6 15 8 -4 6

... ... 12 15 2 6

14 3 11 13 18 10

1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-10 2011 2012

9 7 13 11 12 2

11 10 8 10 8 4

10 9 11 16 30 6

6 15 10 12 -2

... 25 19 20 11

5 6 ... 11 3 4

... ... 13 ... 14 20

16 5 ... 13 14 6

Transportation services


World


Travel




143

2. Transportation services Table III.3

World trade in transportation services by region, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


Share

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

890 97 29 416 373 39 27 32 253

100.0 11.1 2.9 50.9 46.1 3.1 2.6 2.7 26.7

100.0 10.9 3.2 46.7 41.8 4.4 3.0 3.6 28.3

7 6 8 5 5 12 9 11 8

16 16 19 9 10 20 20 19 29

9 11 17 10 9 16 6 22 4

1 3 -1 -2 -3 5 9 13 4

1145 125 55 363 337 29 62 110 399

100.0 14.9 3.9 39.5 36.6 1.5 4.6 5.3 30.3

100.0 10.9 4.8 31.8 29.5 2.5 5.5 9.6 34.9

8 3 11 4 4 16 10 17 10

18 17 26 12 12 22 15 12 26

14 10 18 9 10 19 8 34 17

2 3 5 -4 -5 7 4 9 5

Exports World North America South and Central America Europe European Union (27) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia Imports World North America South and Central America Europe European Union (27) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia 1RWH : For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

144



Table III.4

Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


Share

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

373.3 184.7 82.8 42.5 40.7 40.1 38.9 31.9 19.0 18.0 17.1 13.2 13.2 10.0 8.9 8.5

46.1 22.8 9.2 3.4 4.2 6.3 2.7 3.6 1.6 ... 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.8

41.8 20.7 9.3 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 3.6 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0

5 5 7 12 8 2 14 7 11

10 14 16 29 36 23 45 26 20

...

...

17 15 4 8 9 10

18 16 24 54 18 25

9 8 11 7 -5 -1 4 8 17 11 32 12 16 -1 4 16

-3 -2 4 3 10 5 9 0 10 3 -2 24 -1 3 8 -6

760.0

...

85.0

-

-

-

-

337.2 153.8 89.8 85.9 58.9 55.3 47.7 35.3 30.1 28.5 23.2 17.9 17.2 16.4 16.4 14.2

36.6 16.4 11.6 4.2 3.0 5.9 1.6 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.1 0.7 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.7

29.5 13.5 7.9 7.5 5.2 4.8 4.2 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2

4 5 2 17 16 5 23 8 6 10 7 21 7 7 18 16

12 17 16 36 30 15 12 17 27 32 23 12 29 19 27 42

10 9 9 27 23 6 63 16 0 19 13 21 16 14 30 25

-5 -3 5 7 4 12 14 3 2 7 -1 16 11 -1 7 0

875.0

78.4

76.5

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States Singapore Korea, Republic of Japan China Hong Kong, China Russian Federation Norway India Turkey Canada Chinese Taipei Egypt Ukraine Above 15 Importers

Above 15




European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States China India Japan United Arab Emirates Singapore Korea, Republic of Thailand Canada Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Australia Hong Kong, China Russian Federation Brazil

145

Table III.5

Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports Value

Imports Share


2011

2011 2005-11

384147 196385 41836 18059 11310 7589

100.0 51.1 10.9 4.7 2.9 2.0

Above 5 Japan Australia Norway India Canada Hong Kong, China Brazil Singapore Korea, Republic of Turkey

275178 7574 6169 5938 5305 5302 5259 4965 4745 4271 3106

Above 15

Value

2010

2011

7 7 1 13 13 11

10 6 10 8 29 25

9 10 7 15 7 20

71.6 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8

2 12 7 12 10 4 11 7 6 9

14 21 15 44 15 24 20 6 20 20

9 13 7 10 14 10 18 9 3 12

327813

85.3

-

-

-

79458 23644 8154 7759 4409 4067

100.0 29.8 10.3 9.8 5.5 5.1

7 2 7 18 7

16 9 17 22 36 23

11 8 3 7 21 5

Above 5 Brazil Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China Chinese Taipei Switzerland India Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Australia Israel Argentina

48033 3707 2251 1890 1878 1779 1690 1196 1192 1094 1072

60.5 4.7 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3

21 6 19 2 11 33 15 5 12 18

33 13 10 13 10 15 5 12 17 30

33 7 17 15 15 12 24 23 12 30

Above 15

65783

82.8

-

-

-

35570 12015 4322 3498 2822 1647

100.0 33.8 12.2 9.8 7.9 4.6

15

45

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

4 3 23 -8 21 8

Above 5 Singapore Chinese Taipei Australia Macao, China

24303 1167 965 510 94

68.3 3.3 2.7 1.4 0.3

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

6 -4 11 -8

Above 9

27040

76.0

-

-

-

Share


2011

2011 2005-11

2010

2011

353266 194458 29284 12301 10654 9489

100.0 55.0 8.3 3.5 3.0 2.7

6 6 3 13 7 10

12 7 10 27 17 38

10 11 11 6 10 6

Above 5 Japan Singapore Turkey Norway Hong Kong, China Brazil Canada Korea, Republic of Egypt India

256186 6571 5816 5482 5292 3875 3871 3271 2921 2588 2523

72.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7

1 12 7 4 3 15 7 0 5 7

23 20 20 7 18 52 12 34 15 19

-6 19 13 14 -1 14 9 -2 0 2

Above 15

298396

84.5

-

-

-

85453 30615 7590 5484 5383 4446

100.0 35.8 8.9 6.4 6.3 5.2

1 4 4 3 -2

16 13 21 22 21 22

9 9 8 9 10 9

Above 5 China Hong Kong, China Switzerland Mexico Australia Israel Norway Singapore Bermuda Brazil

53518 3695 3453 2298 1573 1229 1229 1196 1186 1043 868

62.6 4.3 4.0 2.7 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0

3 8 2 -2 2 4 5 -2 26 7

35 15 20 8 10 15 29 18 13 19

8 9 7 -2 13 10 6 9 7 16

Above 15

71288

83.4

-

-

-

80445 11246 6492 5911 5570 3685

100.0 14.0 8.1 7.3 6.9 4.6

19

36

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

27 30 8 8 19 7

Above 5 Australia Singapore Chinese Taipei Macao, China

32904 3300 1169 227 131

40.9 4.1 1.5 0.3 0.2

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

38 19 42 274

Above 9

37731

46.9

-

-

-

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Russian Federation

World European Union (27) United States China Switzerland Russian Federation

United States a World European Union (27) Japan Canada China Mexico

...

World European Union (27) Japan Korea, Republic of Canada Chinese Taipei

...

China b World Hong Kong, China United States European Union (27) Japan Korea, Republic of

World European Union (27) Hong Kong, China Japan Korea, Republic of United States

a Bilateral data include transactions in postal and courier services. b ASEAN countries accounted for 5 per cent of transportation services exports and 11 per cent of imports.

146



Table III.5FRQWLQXHG


Exports Value 2011

Imports Share


2011 2005-11

Value 2011

Share

2010

2011

-1 -9 -5 2 18 -9

World European Union (27) United States Singapore Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of

49447 9021 6516 3763 3029 2736

100.0 18.2 13.2 7.6 6.1 5.5

Above 5 China Chinese Taipei Cayman Islands Australia Thailand Philippines Switzerland Canada United Arab Emirates Malaysia

25064 2468 2105 2068 872 748 464 411 363 353 326

Above 15


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

2 5 -1 1

15 14 22 23 12 10

6 -4 18 6 5 1

50.7 5.0 4.3 4.2 1.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

1 10 108 -3 7 -3 0 -2 13 -3

12 38 … 16 41 10 4 16 -4 44

18 8 86 -6 19 -25 -1 13 7 -22

35242

71.3

-

-

-

34392 4980 4411 2496 2031 1266

100.0 14.5 12.8 7.3 5.9 3.7

9

17 19 32 23 44 23

16 15 2 33 14 63

Above 5 Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of India

15183 1140 835 683

44.1 3.3 2.4 2.0

...

25 22 17

4 26 21

Above 8

17841

51.9

-

-

-

Japan World United States European Union (27) China Chinese Taipei Singapore

38319 7003 6900 4451 3306 2626

100.0 18.3 18.0 11.6 8.6 6.9

1 -1 8 10 6

23 30 19 31 36 30

Above 5 Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China Thailand Australia Malaysia Indonesia Switzerland Philippines India Canada

24287 2605 2034 1096 612 572 485 402 374 365 331

63.4 6.8 5.3 2.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9

1 -5 3 -4 5 -3 1 -2 15 -5

21 8 29 5 46 24 14 25 48 7

-4 -8 7 6 -12 10 -24 -8 6 -21

Above 15

33163

86.5

-

-

-

41273 6261 4670 3269 3083 2806

100.0 15.2 11.3 7.9 7.5 6.8

13

29 23 48 15 169 30

7 2 0 7 -17 13

Above 5 India Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China

20089 1227 1067 1067

48.7 3.0 2.6 2.6

-

...

27 25 40

-7 9 3

Above 8

23451

56.8

-

-

-

36938 7324 4828 4678 4576 2347

100.0 19.8 13.1 12.7 12.4 6.4

8 10 12 -3 5 4

36 40 46 38 28 23

-5 -14 19 -11 -3 -7

World European Union (27) United States Japan China Hong Kong, China

29537 6692 5891 3082 2381 1752

100.0 22.7 19.9 10.4 8.1 5.9

7 7 5 2 6 5

27 20 33 15 27 45

0 -9 2 0 1 -16

Above 5 Singapore Chinese Taipei Viet Nam Indonesia Russian Federation India Brazil Thailand Mexico Australia

23753 1409 949 804 704 700 651 595 579 458 453

64.3 3.8 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

15 6 21 14 15 14 25 9 13 10

23 62 48 51 72 45 58 46 34 35

2 -6 9 14 0 -16 10 -3 -17 0

Above 5 Singapore Australia United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Indonesia Panama Philippines Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Viet Nam

19798 1744 622 600 516 487 462 443 381 370 339

67.0 5.9 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1

8 18 16 13 14 37 17 11 5 17

32 21 21 3 42 130 251 25 12 61

-7 22 31 25 18 -16 16 3 -6 15

Above 15

31056

84.1

-

-

-

Above 15

25761

87.2

-

-

-

31804 5710 5400 3127 3061

100.0 18.0 17.0 9.8 9.6

8

8 16 -1 9 -3

16624 3341 2607 1580 759

100.0 20.1 15.7 9.5 4.6

8

...

26 34 30 24 17

...

19 8 23 40 32

14 4 22 21 17

17299

54.4

-

-

-

8288

49.9

-

-

-

...

3 ...

Singapore c, d ... ... ... ... ...

... ...

World European Union (27) United States Japan China Australia

... ... ... ... ...

... ...

Korea, Republic of World China Japan United States European Union (27) Hong Kong, China


World European Union (27) United States Australia China Japan

Hong Kong, China World China United States Chinese Taipei Japan Above 4

... ... ...


... ... ...

c Imports of transportation freight services on goods imports are not allocated geographically. d In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 10 per cent of transportation services exports and 6 per cent of imports.



147



Exports Value 2011

Imports Share


2011 2005-11

Value

2010

2011

4

24 20 14 23

16 12 23 17

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

13 10 14 -3

Canada World United States European Union (27) Japan

13266 6490 3692 586

100.0 48.9 27.8 4.4

10768

81.2

-

-

-

World European Union (27) Switzerland Ukraine British Virgin Islands China

17226 5416 899 894 549 437

100.0 31.4 5.2 5.2 3.2 2.5

11 10 5 35 12 6

20 21 13 22 9 33

17 20 17 12 -20 29

Above 5 United States Kazakhstan United Arab Emirates Turkey Korea, Republic of Tajikistan Belarus Japan Panama Uzbekistan

8195 379 325 307 295 221 177 176 164 155 139

47.6 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

-3 19 30 10 1 43 16 -9 12 18

35 3 7 26 22 28 58 12 -20 11

3 26 49 -9 7 32 2 16 1 23

10532

61.1

-

-

-

17433 8257 904 510 318 242

100.0 47.4 5.2 2.9 1.8 1.4

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

11 -25 18 75 43 27

Above 5 Canada India Russian Federation Switzerland Hong Kong, China

10232 185 129 117 54 6

58.7 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.0

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

28 40 47 32 110

Above 10

10722

61.5

-

-

-

7652 1482 1198 398 375 274

100.0 19.4 15.7 5.2 4.9 3.6

10

35 200 11 -13 3 -1

20 4 23 34 18 13

Above 5 Switzerland France Mexico Korea, Republic of Greece Netherlands Belgium India Norway Italy

3727 253 190 171 149 73 69 56 51 38 37

48.7 3.3 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5

-

...

24 64 105 97 108 -1 59 98 -27 18

55 31 22 26 237 53 … 13 203 3

Above 15

4813

62.9

-

-

-

Above 3

5 7 ...

World United States European Union (27) Japan

23369 8852 5237 533

100.0 37.9 22.4 2.3

1

23 24 13 17

14621

62.6

-

-

-

World European Union (27) Belarus Ukraine Switzerland China

15398 2292 489 447 434 251

100.0 14.9 3.2 2.9 2.8 1.6

20 12 22 15 20 25

27 31 49 17 12 19

30 14 8 16 31 97

Above 5 Kazakhstan Turkey Uzbekistan United States Tajikistan United Arab Emirates Korea, Republic of British Virgin Islands Hong Kong, China Azerbaijan

3912 167 154 148 147 138 118 112 99 67 64

25.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4

13 15 16 5 29 14 12 14 3 12

-3 38 -10 0 14 35 11 -17 49 -17

26 8 25 48 21 6 -8 7 24 14

Above 15

5125

33.3

-

-

-

8461 4953 352 299 171 156

100.0 58.5 4.2 3.5 2.0 1.8

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

-28 -34 -46 121 -10 -30

Above 5 Switzerland Canada Russian Federation India Hong Kong, China

5931 99 83 56 36 31

70.1 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.4

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

-24 13 11 -45 189

Above 10

6235

73.7

-

-

-

7721 1541 1120 405 291 253

100.0 20.0 14.5 5.2 3.8 3.3

11

38 30 31 28 107 69

17 18 22 22 28 39

Above 5 France Korea, Republic of Mexico Netherlands United Kingdom Peru Singapore Canada Norway Chinese Taipei

3610 215 213 155 150 118 116 76 65 24 16

46.7 2.8 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.2

...

93 137 37 43 -3 24 -24 … 98 47

-12 6 55 49 78 18 88 54 -4 10

Above 15

4759

61.6

-

-

-

Above 3

8 8 ...

Russian Federation e

Above 15 Norway World European Union (27) United States Brazil China Japan

World European Union (27) United States Japan Brazil China

Chile f World China United States Japan Germany Peru

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

World Germany United States Japan Switzerland China

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

e In 2011, trade in transportation services not allocated geographically accounted for 29 per cent of exports and 62 per cent of imports. f Individual members of the European Union (27) are shown as partners, as the EU (27) aggregate is not reported. In 2011, trade in transportation services not allocated geographically accounted for 15 per cent of exports and imports. Note: For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

148



3. Travel Table III.6

World trade in travel by region, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


Share

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

1110 193 48 428 369 24 43 51 322

100.0 18.8 4.4 48.1 42.1 1.6 4.1 3.3 19.7

100.0 17.4 4.4 38.6 33.2 2.2 3.8 4.6 29.0

7 6 7 3 3 12 6 12 13

9 9 8 -1 -1 1 10 25 25

12 10 8 13 13 28 -4 2 18

4 8 5 -2 -2 12 6 6 10

995 136 44 379 340 56 26 67 287

100.0 15.4 2.5 49.4 45.5 3.4 1.9 5.2 ...

100.0 13.6 4.4 38.1 34.1 5.6 2.6 6.8 28.8

6 4 15 2 2 14 11 10 ...

9 7 26 -1 -2 24 14 18 20

10 7 22 9 8 25 6 -11 17

5 6 7 -4 -4 28 -4 9 15





149

Table III.7

Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


Share

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

368.6 124.7 162.8 50.0 43.9 33.6 32.1 31.6 23.8 20.2 19.3 17.8 17.4 16.5 14.5 14.2

42.1 11.7 15.2 4.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 2.4 2.6 1.3 0.9 1.1 2.0 1.4 ... 0.8

33.2 11.2 14.7 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3

3 6 6 8 28 20 18 9 4 13 18 13 3 7 14

-1 5 9 15 53 25 35 16 -2 15 51 27 16 6 28 6

13 18 11 6 38 35 25 8 11 9 28 24 7 18 -17 21

-2 4 9 3 14 24 16 0 3 3 7 2 3 -6 33 14

865.0

...

78.0

-

-

-

-

339.6 121.7 102.0 91.8 42.8 35.2 27.8 27.5 22.4 22.2 20.2 20.1 17.0 16.9 14.2 12.4

45.5 16.2 3.3 11.5 2.7 2.8 ... 1.7 1.5 0.7 2.0 2.4 1.4 ... 1.4 0.6

34.1 12.2 10.3 9.2 4.3 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3

2 2 25 3 14 10 14 12 25 6 4 9

-2 0 26 2 27 23 11 24 19 51 12 25 4

...

...

7

-4 -4 41 7 30 6 2 3 5 5 6 1 -1 5 2

...

3 56

8 6 32 4 23 13 -2 20 15 29 10 6 -18 15 25 ...

...

810.0

...

81.7

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States China Macao, China Thailand Hong Kong, China Australia Turkey Malaysia Singapore India Canada Switzerland Japan Korea, Republic of Above 15

...

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports China United States Russian Federation Canada Japan Australia Singapore Brazil Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Norway Switzerland Iran a Above 15

...

a Secretariat estimate.

150



Table III.8

Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports Value

Imports Share


2011

2011 2005-11

377854 258348 22165 16498 10865 10846

100.0 68.4 5.9 4.4 2.9 2.9

Above 5 Australia Canada China Brazil Japan Turkey Mexico India Israel Croatia

318722 5170 4830 4368 4198 3025 2210 1755 1734 1329 986

Above 15

Value

2010

2011

4 3 -1 4 21 9

-1 -3 2 -4 31 10

13 10 11 17 35 23

84.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3

9 7 15 24 0 12 7 12 6 3

5 14 9 24 -4 35 3 33 6 -9

13 3 33 36 9 4 21 6 11 0

348326

92.2

-

-

-

149256 30991 20291 10824 10646 6858

100.0 20.8 13.6 7.3 7.1 4.6

6 13 -4 26 -1

9 -1 27 5 38 2

11 9 16 0 33 5

79610 6396 6140 5969 4379 2163 1958 1896 1670 1406 1331

53.3 4.3 4.1 4.0 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9

10 23 7 11 9 24 4 35 12 5

8 33 18 19 -3 25 10 31 2 8

5 30 8 19 18 22 3 49 27 3

112918

75.7

-

-

-

World Hong Kong, China Chinese Taipei United States Korea, Republic of Japan

48464 11064 5985 5644 4423 4253

100.0 22.8 12.3 11.6 9.1 8.8

6 4 4 49 6 1

Above 5 European Union (27) Macao, China Singapore Australia

31369 3842 2763 1011 767

64.7 7.9 5.7 2.1 1.6

Above 9

39752

82.0

Share


2011

2011 2005-11

2010

2011

354625 227837 23580 11947 10203 5306

100.0 64.2 6.6 3.4 2.9 1.5

3 3 2 5 3 5

-2 -3 -1 14 3 -9

8 9 12 11 0 15

Above 5 Thailand Australia Egypt Norway China Canada India Russian Federation Morocco Brazil

278872 4019 3758 3519 3395 3067 3045 2774 2600 2512 2061

78.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6

7 2 -1 5 1 1 5 1 5 3

-4 -2 0 -2 9 5 8 -3 14 -2

7 15 -29 17 8 -5 26 10 -4 15

Above 15

309623

87.3

-

-

-

86184 23658 8910 7215 3556 2942

100.0 27.5 10.3 8.4 4.1 3.4

2 -2 0 4 5

2 2 0 12 -8 12

4 6 -3 6 5 5

Above 5 India Australia Korea, Republic of Israel Hong Kong, China Brazil Chinese Taipei Philippines South Africa New Zealand

46281 2267 1832 1717 1289 1136 1121 1038 980 903 782

53.7 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9

7 5 9 21 1 8 3 12 20 4

-12 4 12 9 -5 13 10 1 14 1

5 5 5 10 5 5 5 22 5 -5

Above 15

59346

68.9

-

-

-

72585 18632 4826 4766 3897 3278

100.0 25.7 6.6 6.6 5.4 4.5

22

26

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

32 21 2 -5 13 -17

Above 5 Chinese Taipei United States Korea, Republic of Singapore

35400 2891 2691 1680 1115

48.8 4.0 3.7 2.3 1.5

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

11 5 20 23

Above 9

43777

60.3

-

-

-

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Russian Federation Norway

World European Union (27) United States Turkey Switzerland Croatia

United States a

Above 5 India Brazil Korea, Republic of Australia Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Argentina Chinese Taipei Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Switzerland Israel Above 15

...

World European Union (27) Mexico Canada Japan China

...


World European Union (27) Canada Japan China Mexico

China b


9

15

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

5 4 9 13

-

-

-

World Hong Kong, China Australia Macao, China European Union (27) Japan


151



Exports Value 2011

Imports Share


2011 2005-11

Value

2010

2011

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

Australia World European Union (27) China New Zealand India Korea, Republic of

31486 5388 5230 2072 2070 1644

100.0 17.1 16.6 6.6 6.6 5.2

11 7 17 6 18 11

16 14 27 23 1 20

8 8 13 13 -22 6

Above 5 United States Malaysia Singapore Japan Indonesia Hong Kong, China Viet Nam Thailand Canada Chinese Taipei

16404 1544 1339 1123 1049 981 945 866 824 561 516

52.1 4.9 4.3 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 1.8 1.6

8 11 11 -5 12 4 34 13 10 8

11 22 27 27 28 15 32 12 14 12

19 11 29 -5 24 12 12 12 12 14

Above 15

26153

83.1

-

-

-

16800 7146 3097 345

100.0 42.5 18.4 2.1

3 -1 -6

16 13 12 31

7 2 4 -3

10588

63.0

-

-

-

27665 19624 864 746 637

100.0 70.9 3.1 2.7 2.3

18

...

35 34 38 17 34

25 29 18 16 7

21871

79.1

-

-

-

11328 3762 1207 1058 642 638

100.0 33.2 10.7 9.3 5.7 5.6

12 7 9 43 12 16

-6 -4 -19 -10 9 11

28 27 37 42 14 26

7306 542 427 405 359 333 310 272 166 142 106

64.5 4.8 3.8 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.4 1.5 1.3 0.9

32 4 26 15 38 5 19 16 11 1

-5 -10 -11 19 7 -14 11 -11 -14 1

21 19 32 18 25 51 35 12 30 5

10368

91.5

-

-

-

World European Union (27) United States New Zealand Indonesia Thailand

26597 6167 4144 2107 1950 1494

100.0 23.2 15.6 7.9 7.3 5.6

15 12 18 13 26 24

24 26 28 12 58 24

20 18 25 18 35 29

Above 5 Fiji China Hong Kong, China Singapore Viet Nam Malaysia India Canada Philippines Japan

15861 1138 1086 700 689 643 616 584 550 457 416

59.6 4.3 4.1 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.6

17 15 14 15 18 15 22 9 19 11

45 33 3 31 36 26 25 16 20 23

18 22 23 26 26 24 31 5 35 -14

Above 15

22739

85.5

-

-

-

33323 20416 4595 205

100.0 61.3 13.8 0.6

11 13 1

23 29 9 21

13 16 4 7

25216

75.7

-

-

-

19172 5976 1982 1299 1241

100.0 31.2 10.3 6.8 6.5

6

...

12 12 5 18 22

10 4 7 16 -11

10498

54.8

-

-

-

World European Union (27) Turkey Ukraine Thailand Egypt

32902 14989 3744 1928 1842 1473

100.0 45.6 11.4 5.9 5.6 4.5

11 11 10 4 55 8

27 22 24 16 108 50

23 39 20 3 92 -49

Above 5 China United Arab Emirates United States Switzerland Israel Kazakhstan Norway Montenegro Croatia Tunisia

23976 1162 1042 786 622 615 410 378 367 280 247

72.9 3.5 3.2 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7

5 20 13 12 13 3 18 18 12

31 33 13 4 11 5 45 43 33 56

30 56 17 22 21 -2 55 18 24 -15

Above 15

29884

90.8

-

-

-

Canada World United States European Union (27) Japan Above 3

...

World United States European Union (27) Japan Above 3

...

Hong Kong, China World China United States Chinese Taipei Japan Above 4

... ... ...

World China United States Chinese Taipei Japan Above 4

... ... ...

Russian Federation c World European Union (27) Ukraine Uzbekistan Kazakhstan China Above 5 Tajikistan United States Moldova Azerbaijan Kyrgyz Republic Turkey Armenia Belarus Israel Japan Above 15

152


...




Exports Value 2011

Imports Share


2011 2005-11

Value

2010

2011

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

Korea, Republic of World China Japan Philippines United States Canada

12525 2769 1727 1474 992 826

100.0 22.1 13.8 11.8 7.9 6.6

14 23 -4 67 3 35

6 54 1 -28 2 -16

21 26 -50 475 -17 408

7789 813 765 390 292 277 241 230 195 166 146

62.2 6.5 6.1 3.1 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.2

10 44 27 32 37 -5 11 9 -18 25

-14 -3 42 -13 -14 6 2 20 -15 -11

57 318 33 218 209 -25 8 45 -56 74

11305

90.3

-

-

-

10967 3414 1831 1354 951 880

100.0 31.1 16.7 12.3 8.7 8.0

...

28 32 55 31 9 12

-17 2 -25 -34 -6 -24

8430 506 283 269 179 160 158 123 117 94 82

76.9 4.6 2.6 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8

-

...

21 14 25 7 31 30 36 23 28 17

-47 10 -10 -22 -38 -13 -8 16 1 -17

10401

94.8

-

-

-

23020 11183 2174 708 293 217

100.0 48.6 9.4 3.1 1.3 0.9

4

-2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2

11 32 36 125 77 81

Above 5 Australia Canada Israel

14575 180 156 79

63.3 0.8 0.7 0.3

...

-2 -2 -2

65 160 -57

Above 8

14990

65.1

-

-

-

Above 5 European Union (27) Russian Federation Thailand India Indonesia Hong Kong, China Singapore Malaysia Chinese Taipei Viet Nam Above 15

World United States China Japan European Union (27) Thailand

19934 5436 2833 2097 1693 1156

100.0 27.3 14.2 10.5 8.5 5.8

4 5 3 -4 4 8

25 7 27 44 10 42

6 7 9 -19 15 39

Above 5 Australia Hong Kong, China Canada Singapore Viet Nam Philippines Indonesia Chinese Taipei Malaysia New Zealand

13215 1148 974 935 604 449 343 323 319 206 181

66.3 5.8 4.9 4.7 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.9

3 24 4 7 16 -7 14 2 16 -8

25 22 19 15 54 436 25 13 40 -2

-5 31 -3 36 24 -42 22 32 11 -33

Above 15

18698

93.8

-

-

-

27210 8096 4786 3518 3285 1388

100.0 29.8 17.6 12.9 12.1 5.1

...

11 15 4 0 35 -6

-2 22 -10 -5 41 -2

Above 5 Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China Canada Singapore Indonesia Viet Nam Australia Philippines Malaysia Switzerland

21072 854 665 634 487 378 365 345 340 244 200

77.4 3.1 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.7

...

13 29 5 32 13 35 -1 12 21 40

-41 -30 60 -21 -33 4 -64 -18 -10 -23

Above 15

25583

94.0

-

-

-

Japan World China Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei United States European Union (27)

Above 15

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

World United States European Union (27) China Korea, Republic of Thailand

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Turkey World European Union (27) Russian Federation United States Switzerland Japan

... ... ... ... ...

... ...


Above 5 Hong Kong, China Australia Thailand Canada Singapore Malaysia Indonesia Viet Nam India Philippines

...

a Health-related expenditure and expenditure by seasonal and border workers are not allocated geographically. In 2011, they accounted for 7 per cent of travel exports and 2 per cent of imports. b ASEAN countries accounted for 8 per cent of travel exports and 6 per cent of imports. c In 2011, trade in travel not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports and 3 per cent of imports. 1RWH For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.



153

4. Other commercial services Table III.9

World trade in other commercial services by region, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


Share

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

2345 426 63 1187 1089 41 22 46 558

100.0 19.2 1.8 54.4 50.2 1.1 1.0 ... 20.5

100.0 18.2 2.7 50.7 46.4 1.7 0.9 2.0 23.8

9 9 16 8 8 18 9 ... 12

7 8 17 4 3 9 8 -9 16

12 8 30 12 13 20 3 14 14

2 4 6 -2 -2 11 4 20 6

1965 282 86 911 848 67 70 60 489

100.0 15.0 2.7 52.6 50.0 2.5 2.6 ... 22.0

100.0 14.3 4.4 46.4 43.1 3.4 3.6 3.0 24.9

9 9 17 7 7 14 14 ... 11

6 4 21 1 1 12 7 6 14

12 7 27 12 11 13 19 20 13

2 2 7 -2 -2 16 1 -3 6


154



Table III.10

Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value


Share

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2010

2011

2012

1088.7 520.9 375.6 103.8 101.5 87.8 66.8 59.4 54.5 50.2 47.0 28.1 27.1 26.1 20.5 20.0

50.2 22.7 16.5 3.1 2.3 4.8 2.8 2.7 1.5 ... 2.5 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8

46.4 22.2 16.0 4.4 4.3 3.7 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9

8 9 9 15 19 6 10 9 17 6 16 9 19 10 10

3 3 8 26 24 3 11 17 9 15 10 3 18 15 3 5

13 12 8 11 13 8 14 12 20 19 8 24 15 24 3 14

-2 0 4 9 11 -6 -4 1 23 2 -2 8 9 8 4 14

2155.0

...

92.0

-

-

-

-

847.6 351.5 229.5 92.3 91.7 60.0 56.8 51.1 46.8 44.9 41.3 27.8 23.0 21.0 20.6 20.0

50.0 20.3 11.4 3.2 5.2 ... 2.2 1.9 3.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.5

43.1 17.9 11.7 4.7 4.7 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

7 7 10 16 8

11 11 7 13 10 20 9 5 6 19 17 26 28 17 7 45

-2 -2 3 10 3 2 12 8 -2 15 10 5 8 0 0

...

1 -1 3 9 0 19 13 43 12 11 27 10 15 32 21 -8

1675.0

...

85.2

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States India China Japan Switzerland Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of Singapore a Canada Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Brazil Norway Israel Above 15

...

Importers

Above 15

...

14 14 5 17 18 14 14 6 11

a Does not include merchanting. b Secretariat estimate.



...


European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States China Japan Singapore Korea, Republic of India Canada Russian Federation Brazil Switzerland Norway Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China Angola b

155

Table III.11

Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Exports Value 2011

Imports Share


2011 2005-11

Value

2010

2011

Share


2011

2011 2005-11

2010

2011

864762 507057 136707 44187 14283 9937

100.0 58.6 15.8 5.1 1.7 1.1

9 8 6 6 9 20

1 2 -2 -1 1 7

11 10 8 9 21 21

Above 5 India Singapore Canada Russian Federation Norway Hong Kong, China Australia Brazil Korea, Republic of Turkey

712171 9670 9436 7602 7573 7127 7022 4051 3912 3133 2951

82.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3

25 16 11 11 7 15 9 17 11 10

17 17 16 -2 -10 2 18 -27 6 9

32 32 17 11 13 26 12 20 6 7

Above 15

774647

89.6

-

-

-

223210 82534 28108 16277 15429 14185

100.0 37.0 12.6 7.3 6.9 6.4

11 15 9 7 29

3 -2 -6 2 15 20

7 10 -9 -2 7 22

Above 5 Japan Brazil China Mexico Australia Singapore Israel Hong Kong, China Philippines Chinese Taipei

156533 13627 4940 4692 3262 3254 2892 2423 2297 1450 1277

70.1 6.1 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.6

3 39 33 6 8 10 16 5 22 19

14 6 18 -7 5 1 1 18 12 18

5 33 26 18 13 32 25 -1 11 38

Above 15

196647

88.1

-

-

-

8 6

10 10 9 22 20 17

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Japan

1110740 588752 136056 76524 20569 19646

100.0 53.0 12.2 6.9 1.9 1.8

10 10 8 11 17 4

3 4 2 3 17 -2

13 13 11 13 17 19

World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Japan China

Above 5 Singapore Russian Federation Norway Canada Australia India Turkey Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of Brazil

841548 16980 14758 12322 11860 10684 8606 7669 7555 7369 6692

75.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

15 12 8 15 16 20 18 4 11 21

15 18 -10 7 11 -3 11 14 25 -24

26 -14 16 23 9 10 28 12 20 18

Above 15

946043

85.2

-

-

-

World European Union (27) Canada Japan Switzerland Mexico

359907 134166 28026 25416 20271 14282

100.0 37.3 7.8 7.1 5.6 4.0

10 8 4 13 2

8 -1 13 13 10 2

8 8 8 -3 12 4

Above 5 Brazil China Australia Bermuda Singapore Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of India

222161 11856 11648 10517 10504 8881 8342 6671 3495 3424 2933

61.7 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.8

27 19 16 15 12 13 17 6 16 15

25 32 6 3 46 20 75 -11 12 -7

27 18 21 -4 2 12 13 4 3 8

Above 15

300431

83.5

-

-

-

93266 25657 25149 11911 8850 4733

100.0 27.5 27.0 12.8 9.5 5.1

8

3 -5 0 21 42 21

8 3 -9 23 102 94

World United States European Union (27) Singapore China Switzerland

89069 35556 19290 4786 3758 2468

100.0 39.9 21.7 5.4 4.2 2.8

13 14 11

0 3 -3 9 -2 2

Above 5 Indonesia Switzerland Australia India Thailand Canada Malaysia Hong Kong, China Brazil Viet Nam

76301 2714 1956 1880 1672 1638 1314 1209 996 986 614

81.8 2.9 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.7

29 26 20

113 25 -10 64 6 2 … -69 29 -8

-6 16 6 2 1 -10 415 … 8 24

Above 5 Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China Chinese Taipei Australia Russian Federation Indonesia Thailand United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Canada

65858 1967 1906 1845 1697 1383 1275 1233 1029 771 747

73.9 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8

10 9 4 19 38 9 8 12 23 8

-5 10 17 5 60 3 8 -52 -5 28

23 17 46 -2 20 8 23 -33 7 -23

Above 15

91279

97.9

-

-

-

Above 15

79711

89.5

-

-

-

United States a ...

World European Union (27) Bermuda Switzerland Canada India

...

Japan World European Union (27) United States Singapore Chinese Taipei China

156


...

4 19 16 7 18 17 13 26 -1 -5 ...

...




Exports Value

Imports Share


Value

2011

2011 2005-11

2010

2011

91636 50261 17115 13127 6366 5681

100.0 54.8 18.7 14.3 6.9 6.2

21

24

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

13 86 … 19 30 37

92550 1626 947 860 252 96236

101.0 1.8 1.0 0.9 0.3 105.0

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

-

-

World

48151

100.0

8

10

8

United States

28685

59.6

7

11

7

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

13 27 11 26 62 139

China b, c World Hong Kong, China United States European Union (27) Japan Singapore Above 5 Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Australia Macao, China Above 9

41 16 109 46 -

World European Union (27) Hong Kong, China Japan Korea, Republic of Singapore

83973 20859 13743 11142 8375 6981

100.0 24.8 16.4 13.3 10.0 8.3

17

9

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

61100 5194 3419 2793 799 73306

72.8 6.2 4.1 3.3 1.0 87.3

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

-

-

World

47668

100.0

7

12

6

United States

31485

66.1

6

9

7

Above 5 United States Australia Chinese Taipei Macao, China Above 9

-66 227 20 206 -

Canada

7478

15.5

...

6

15

36163

75.1

-

-

-

World United States China European Union (27) Japan Hong Kong, China

44369 7730 3405 3292 3015 1117

100.0 17.4 7.7 7.4 6.8 2.5

16 11 27 7 9 12

9 5 43 48 42 79

20 37 23 4 1 -7

Above 5 Singapore Chinese Taipei India United Arab Emirates Viet Nam Australia Russian Federation Malaysia Iran Thailand

18559 1047 472 363 334 310 276 273 245 244 234

41.8 2.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

11 18 31 42 36 19 34 13 66 19

59 227 -9 -21 -36 22 405 25 -71 87

-29 -12 43 -8 103 23 -31 50 … -39

Above 15

22355

50.4

-

-

-

49007 8425 6154 4159 2782 2725

100.0 17.2 12.6 8.5 5.7 5.6

...

15 11 12 59 39 34

19 27 13 38 23 12

Above 5 China India Korea, Republic of

24245 1851 1820 764

49.5 3.8 3.7 1.6

-

...

20 7 10

8 14 -5

Above 8

28680

58.5

-

-

-

European Union (27) Above 2

European Union (27)

6758

14.2

...

12

2

38244

80.2

-

-

-

World United States European Union (27) China Japan Hong Kong, China

50471 13739 8263 6648 3458 1474

100.0 27.2 16.4 13.2 6.9 2.9

14 11 11 20 12 10

13 18 6 22 12 14

9 1 2 21 9 -7

Above 5 Viet Nam Singapore Chinese Taipei Indonesia United Arab Emirates India Switzerland Australia Philippines Canada

33582 1407 1306 1043 983 702 558 463 457 398 268

66.5 2.8 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5

23 5 28 22 28 21 7 14 20 15

13 37 68 26 18 1 -1 173 -24 6

14 6 47 18 2 33 7 -27 42 -3

Above 15

41165

81.6

-

-

-

58697 13667 12968 3086 3080 2024

100.0 23.3 22.1 5.3 5.2 3.4

...

19 32 8 15 17 29

20 13 -3 42 34 0

Above 5 Australia India Korea, Republic of

34826 1943 1592 790

59.3 3.3 2.7 1.3

...

58 33 25

29 5 16

Above 8

39151

66.7

-

-

-

Above 2

Korea, Republic of


Singapore d, e, f World European Union (27) United States Australia Japan Hong Kong, China


... ... ... ... ... ... ...

World European Union (27) United States China Japan Hong Kong, China

... ... ... ... ...

... ...


157



Exports Value

Imports Share


2011

2011 2005-11

58581 8314 3924 1097 651

100.0 14.2 6.7 1.9 1.1

10

13986

World European Union (27) United States Turkey Switzerland Kazakhstan

Value

2010

2011

...

17 14 27 6 17

12 0 4 -1 23

23.9

-

-

-

25979 11476 3512 1448 1410 744

100.0 44.2 13.5 5.6 5.4 2.9

18 17 17 18 23 19

3 1 1 0 21 12

24 23 14 25 42 11

Above 5 British Virgin Islands Ukraine Panama Turkmenistan Belarus China Japan Norway United Arab Emirates Serbia

18589 539 516 374 354 329 317 221 218 190 185

71.6 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7

15 13 36 93 14 26 9 28 44 ...

19 22 25 83 23 22 1 95 -63 -43

3 18 20 164 14 48 17 26 141 35

Above 15

21834

84.0

-

-

-

19715 9670 1702 495 434 432

100.0 49.0 8.6 2.5 2.2 2.2

11

3

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

3 -5 -4 73 64 -25

Above 5 Russian Federation Japan Canada India Hong Kong, China

12733 221 168 161 120 32

64.6 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.2

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

33 -42 -60 -72 34

Above 10

13435

68.1

-

-

-

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

7 11 1 -7 9

Hong Kong, China g World United States China Japan Chinese Taipei Above 4

... ... ...

World China United States Japan Chinese Taipei

20478 5029 3660 1333 485

100.0 24.6 17.9 6.5 2.4

13

...

21 30 17 8 18

10507

51.3

-

-

-

World European Union (27) United States Turkey Switzerland Panama

39006 22908 3856 1642 1533 1140

100.0 58.7 9.9 4.2 3.9 2.9

17 20 18 4 20 11

11 12 2 -5 23 5

19 25 24 4 13 10

Above 5 Ukraine British Virgin Islands China Belarus Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of Kazakhstan Serbia Japan Canada

31078 1035 571 545 517 397 331 268 258 211 187

79.7 2.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5

19 30 51 18 66 27 18 25 23

66 106 70 24 254 5 -10 -52 -1 61

-4 3 54 23 75 -5 23 94 54 6

Above 15

35399

90.8

-

-

-

21391 13677 1852 659 193 125

100.0 63.9 8.7 3.1 0.9 0.6

15

15

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

28 20 -4 57 135 69

Above 5 Brazil India Russian Federation Japan Hong Kong, China

16507 120 118 106 103 82

77.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4

-

-

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

56 65 9 -40 100

Above 10

17035

79.6

-

-

-

Above 4

... ... ...

Russian Federation h

...

Norway World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Brazil

World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Canada

a Bilateral data exclude transactions in postal and courier services, which are recorded under transportation services. b In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 8 per cent of other commercial services exports and 12 per cent of imports. c The sum of bilateral exports exceeds the world total due to the different way of computing merchanting between bilateral statistics and China as a whole. d Does not include merchanting. e The following transactions are not allocated geographically: financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading; imports of insurance on goods imports; financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM). f In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 11 per cent of other commercial services exports and 7 per cent of imports. g Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) are not allocated geographically. In 2011, they accounted for 2 per cent of other commercial services exports and 1 per cent of imports. h In 2011, trade not allocated geographically represented 2 per cent of other commercial services exports and 5 per cent of imports. 1RWH For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

158



4.1 Communications services Table III.12

World exports of communications services by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

105 16 4 59 54 3 4 6 15

110 17 4 62 58 3 4 6 15

100.0 ... 4.5 57.9 53.6 2.1 3.2 4.9 14.7

100.0 15.6 3.6 55.3 52.2 2.7 3.9 5.3 13.6

9 ... 6 9 9 14 13 11 8

11 14 -5 12 12 7 4 -3 15

5 7 11 5 7 5 5 1 3

Exports World North America South and Central America Europe European Union (27) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East Asia

Table III.13

Major exporters and importers of communications services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)

Share in 10 economies

Value


2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

54380 23951 12886 3601 3156 1726 1672 1568 1473 1450 1448

58266 29119 14047 3447

9 17 19 8 24 1 9 14 6 3

6 16 10 -48 10 2 -9 39 1 9 8

12 16 14 1 16 41 8 26 9 29 1

7 22 9 -4

1550 1090 882

65.2 28.7 15.5 4.3 3.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7

5 -25 -39

83360

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

50035 21222 8057 2599 2530 2359 2002 1540 1406 1191 1169

52165 23902 8280 2027 3085

8 14 40 23 8 10 12 22 12 9

2 7 5 18 11 25 45 19 -3 -6 19

5 9 -4 18 21 -2 20 5 21 5 27

4 13 3 -22 22

1613 1019 1647 1294

68.6 29.1 11.1 3.6 3.5 3.2 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6

72885

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States Kuwait a Canada China India Hong Kong, China Russian Federation Indonesia Switzerland Above 10

...

1793 1647 ...

...

...

4 -1 ...


2011

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of a Russian Federation Canada Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of India China Malaysia a Above 10

... ...

...

... ...

5 -28 38 11

a Telecommunications services. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. See the Metadata.



159

4.1.1 Telecommunications services Table III.14

Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

43878 19469 12650 3601 1977 1639 1349 1246 977 762 653

...

9 19 19 10 13 14 11 22 15 1

6 19 10 -48 11 -11 0 59 9 5 22

10 13 14 1 16 8 7 32 73 8 -5

...

668 828

63.8 28.3 18.4 5.2 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.9

-12 27

68730

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

40538 16599 7690 2599 2513 1563 1340 1169 1024 926 716

...

9 14

9

1 4 6 18 11 34 12 19 83 0 73

5 7 -4 18 22 -2 23 27 -32 4 29

...

...

67.5 27.6 12.8 4.3 4.2 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2

...

100.0

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States Kuwait Canada India Russian Federation Hong Kong, China Norway Morocco Malaysia Above 10

...

13790 3447 ...

1623 1406 ... ...

...

...

9 -4 ...

-1 4 ... ...

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Russian Federation Canada India Malaysia Norway Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China Above 10

60080

...

7903 2027 3065 ...

959 1294 ...

910

...

40 23 11 36 9 29 ...

...

3 -22 22 ...

-28 11 ...

-2 ...

-

1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in communications services do no report the item telecommunications services separately, they may not appear in the list. Transactions on telecommunications services are often reported on a net rather than a gross basis. See the Metadata.

160



Table III.15

Exports of telecommunication services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2011

Share


2011 2005-11

Value

2010

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Russian Federation South Africa

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

10 2 40 3 -21 30

14 2 48 10 29 36

...

0 -7 31 24 13 22 -12 10 -17 -2

-2 27 -47 27 4 -20 -9 22 14 14

-

-

-

United States 43878 24414 3934 2443 771 731

100.0 55.6 9.0 5.6 1.8 1.7

9 4 9 23 26 45

6 -2 7 66 25 127

10 7 10 5 10 30

Above 5 Norway Turkey Brazil Singapore Morocco Canada India Nigeria Australia Japan

32293 594 413 370 340 336 321 289 270 266 233

73.6 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

8 25 30 34 30 11 23 35 7 -7

-7 35 28 33 -6 81 -19 31 4 4

12 6 -16 17 9 -33 16 20 7 10

Above 15

35726

81.4

-

-

-

World European Union (27) Brazil Canada Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Argentina Above 5 Japan India Mexico Chile Australia Philippines Switzerland Hong Kong, China China Korea, Republic of Above 15

12650 3681 3196 795 780 737

100.0 29.1 25.3 6.3 6.2 5.8

9189 266 237 213 171 132 106 104 93 91 90

72.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

10692

84.5

... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...




161

4.2 Construction Table III.16

World exports of construction by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

110 4 0 49 45 6 2 3 48

115 4 0 45 41 6 2 3 53

100.0 2.7 0.2 55.6 52.2 4.5 2.0 3.4 31.5

100.0 3.2 0.1 40.0 36.6 5.5 1.6 2.4 47.1

11 13 3 5 5 14 8 6 17

9 16 -17 6 6 25 -9 7 12

2 1 -8 -8 -9 13 4 5 12


Table III.17

Major exporters and importers of construction, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

45312 26727 15478 14724 10955 4408 3084 1543 1245 1103 1004

41322 24846 21905 12246 11552 4751

8 10 22 34 7 12 15 19 6 5 19

-8 -9 -18 53 -15 -15 -34 -3 -12 14 7

6 8 29 2 3 26 17 50 11 7 20

-9 -7 42 -17 5 8

1681 1343 1311 1332

45.8 27.0 15.7 14.9 11.1 4.5 3.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0

98855

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

30854 11459 7932 7702 5600 3795 3728 2578 2412 1988 1900

29985 11300

8 7 35 8 6 28 15 11 13 24 0

-8 -22 -1 -31 -1 -18 -14 15 -33 -15 -19

5 7 71 -2 22 65 -26 -32 1 -22 14

-3 -1 0 33 36 -3 6

2757

45.0 16.7 11.6 11.2 8.2 5.5 5.4 3.8 3.5 2.9 2.8

68490

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports Korea, Republic of China Japan Russian Federation United States Singapore Turkey Malaysia Israel Above 10

...

...

9 8 19 33

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports Angola Japan Russian Federation Korea, Republic of China Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of United States Algeria Kazakhstan Above 10

...

7735 7424 5153 3619 2729 ... ...

...

... ...

45

1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list (e.g., Switzerland, United Arab Emirates). See the Metadata.

162



Table III.18

Exports of construction of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

Value

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) Russian Federation China United States Brazil

100.0 41.0 3.8 3.6 3.1 2.4

8 5 9 11 0 23

-8 -5 29 64 -11 21

6 4 -25 3 12 -1

Above 5 Switzerland Norway Australia Nigeria Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of India Turkey Mexico South Africa Korea, Republic of

24398 910 875 840 832 789 564 555 305 296 269

53.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.6

4 -2 26 -4 19 10 23 9 9 -2

0 -24 33 -58 6 -6 19 23 -76 -28

-1 36 64 70 85 -12 78 13 54 7

Above 15

30635

67.6

-

-

-

Russian Federation a

Above 5


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

3 31 28 19 85 -28

Japan 45312 18584 1732 1617 1385 1080

World European Union (27) Turkey Turkmenistan United States Serbia

2011

Share

World Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of European Union (27) Indonesia Thailand United Arab Emirates

10955 1590 1369 1360 658 583

100.0 14.5 12.5 12.4 6.0 5.3

7 21 22 7 -11

-15 24 22 85 -5 -54

Above 5 Australia United States Singapore Viet Nam Philippines Chinese Taipei Malaysia China Canada India

5560 559 393 369 351 304 262 124 123 109 40

50.8 5.1 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.8 2.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.4

70 15 11 7 20 -18 0 -12 18 -3

-16 53 -39 -37 -39 -15 88 -12 -38 -18

2 34 19 63 109 10 -52 67 … -72

Above 15

8196

74.8

-

-

-

1543 145 96 89 43

100.0 9.4 6.2 5.7 2.8

19

...

-3 3 9 -64 -24

50 12 30 62 -21

373

24.2

-

-

-

...

Singapore b 4408 1445 1267 318 165 158

100.0 32.8 28.7 7.2 3.7 3.6

12 11 19 353 -8 ...

-15 -10 4 115 49 -50

26 20 25 171 -39 50

3353

76.1

-

-

-

World India United States European Union (27) China Above 4

... ... ...


a In 2011, construction not allocated geographically represented 3 per cent of exports. b In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 29 per cent of construction exports.



163

4.3 Insurance services Table III.19

World exports of insurance services by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

100 20 2 60 53 1 1 1 14

100 21 2 62 55 1 1 2 12

100.0 ... 2.1 54.5 46.1 0.8 2.4 3.8 11.5

100.0 20.7 2.2 61.7 54.6 0.6 1.1 1.7 11.9

11 ... 11 13 13 6 0 -1 11

1 8 15 -4 -7 -13 15 -34 19

2 5 12 4 4 2 -9 27 -12


Table III.20

Major exporters and importers of insurance services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

52594 25495 15477 5743 3018 2967 2573 2262 1980 1658 869

54727 27012 16626 5811 3329 2983 2228 2215 1848 -378 988

59.0 28.6 17.4 6.4 3.4 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.0

15 23 13 9 33 15 18 7 11 18

-2 -3 0 -12 8 42 18 15 49 47 6

-7 -16 7 17 75 -21 44 24 5 30 21

4 6 7 1 10 1 -13 -2 -7 … 14

89140

90375

100.0

-

-

-

-

56620 36627 15313 19738 6806 6052 4728 4473 4086 2753 1949

53340 33034 13263 20600 7406 6260 4400 4473 4086 3050 2300

39.4 25.5 10.6 13.7 4.7 4.2 3.3 3.1 2.8 1.9 1.4

12 6 7 18 23 17 15 10 12 26

-4 -2 -2 39 32 24 47 39 -18 32 11

-7 0 4 25 0 21 8 16 56 27 17

-6 -10 -13 4 9 3 -7 0 0 11 18

143835

138950

100.0

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States Switzerland China Singapore India Mexico Canada Japan Turkey Above 10

...

Importers United States European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports China Japan India Canada Singapore Mexico Thailand Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Above 10

...

1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

164



Table III.21

Exports of insurance services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

Value

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Canada Australia

100.0 51.5 21.4 3.7 3.1 1.9

15 10 73 15 12 11

-2 -1 -7 14 1 35

-7 4 -20 11 -20 -34

Above 5 Brazil Japan South Africa Norway Mexico China Russian Federation Singapore Turkey India

42937 433 427 413 408 360 345 337 332 266 190

81.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4

50 5 3 22 12 36 22 26 13 33

10 16 -7 -9 15 50 -34 -2 10 -1

19 -67 -11 -12 -30 4 56 -6 -4 7

Above 15

46450

88.3

-

-

-

Singapore a

Above 5

2010

2011

World European Union (27) Canada Bermuda Japan Australia

7 1 8 5 13 35

15477 3498 2835 2785 1589 565

100.0 22.6 18.3 18.0 10.3 3.7

13 9 28 12 18

0 -1 0 3 5 -3

Above 5 Mexico Brazil Korea, Republic of Chile Argentina Israel Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China

11272 484 273 272 144 143 137 87 80 78 58

72.8 3.1 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4

21 30 25 21 26 26 27 13 6 -23

-1 37 0 12 4 18 -18 -6 14 -1

-13 3 2 7 24 6 24 19 -12 -25

Above 15

13028

84.2

-

-

-

1658 542 267 124 123 77

100.0 32.7 16.1 7.5 7.4 4.6

11 21 8 13 1

47 34 349 61 85 -28

30 -19 … 2 40 325

1134

68.4

-

-

-

518 163 132 44 39 29

100.0 31.5 25.4 8.5 7.6 5.5

21 36 2 -6 11

51 … … … … ….

1 … -60 235 -85 -46

407

78.5

-

-

-

...

2967 485 281 267 176 119

100.0 16.3 9.5 9.0 5.9 4.0

15

...

42 -1 50 31 12 21

-21 70 -14 104 -47 -45

1328

44.7

-

-

-

... ... ... ...

World European Union (27) United States Hong Kong, China China Switzerland Above 5

...

Korea, Republic of 849 328 120 97 40

100.0 38.6 14.1 11.4 4.7

13

...

38 50 31 94 35

-1 28 1 -20 -8

584

68.8

-

-

-

... ... ...

World United States European Union (27) Hong Kong, China Singapore China Above 5

...

a In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 19 per cent of insurance services exports.




Above 4

2011 2005-11

Japan

Hong Kong, China World China Japan Chinese Taipei United States


United States 52594 27097 11276 1927 1641 996

World Australia Japan European Union (27) China Korea, Republic of

2011

Share

165

4.4 Financial services Table III.22

World exports of financial services by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

315 78 5 179 159 2 2 3 49

305 76 5 166 147 2 2 2 49

100.0 23.2 0.7 60.8 52.3 0.3 0.7 ... 12.3

100.0 25.2 1.7 54.8 48.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 16.3

8 9 23 6 7 21 9 ... 12

12 6 34 16 16 -6 12 ... 16

-4 -2 9 -7 -8 17 3 -23 1


Table III.23

Major exporters and importers of financial services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

158764 70765 74055 17017 14827 14570 6234 4111 3747 3389 2662

146734 64933 72328 16076 14837 14442 5531 4651 3767 3192 2684

53.0 23.6 24.7 5.7 5.0 4.9 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9

9 8 11 3 22 15 33 -3 11 13 32

2 5 9 -3 15 16 61 -25 18 20 32

16 13 5 8 25 11 7 14 14 24 28

-8 -8 -2 -6 0 -1 -11 13 1 -6 1

299375

284240

100.0

-

-

-

-

73647 30198 16207 8211 4432 3882 3346 3036 1894 1876 1804

67731 26909 15641 5434 4330 4082 3221 3019 1687 2087 1975

62.2 25.5 13.7 6.9 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

8 9 5 45 8 18 4 22 10

7 11 2 81 13 13 3 25 -9

...

...

16

4

18 22 10 21 -2 10 6 18 10 49 7

-8 -11 -3 -34 -2 5 -4 -1 -11 11 9

118335

109205

100.0

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States Switzerland a Singapore a Hong Kong, China a India Japan Canada Korea, Republic of Brazil Above 10 Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States India Canada Hong Kong, China a Japan Singapore a Switzerland a Norway Brazil Above 10

a Includes Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM), see the Metadata. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

166



Table III.24

Exports of financial services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

Value

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Japan Russian Federation

Share


2011

2011 2005-11

2010

2011

9 -1 6 6 19 21

5 10 2 -10 21 37 3 -9 -1 2 -3 -2 -16 20 -2 10

United States 158764 87999 21469 8846 4455 2540

100.0 55.4 13.5 5.6 2.8 1.6

9 10 7 6 3 19

2 0 6 -2 -11 16

16 19 16 15 18 -20

World European Union (27) Canada Japan Australia Brazil

74055 26971 4933 3051 2857 2170

100.0 36.4 6.7 4.1 3.9 2.9

Above 5 Hong Kong, China Canada Singapore Australia Chinese Taipei Norway Turkey South Africa Brazil China

125309 1908 1887 1708 1488 1252 1226 681 674 560 547

78.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

14 18 19 16 12 7 13 14 26 9

10 -2 13 5 106 -7 6 29 6 -7

28 68 42 11 -35 19 21 33 29 12

Above 5 China Bermuda Switzerland Mexico Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of Singapore Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of India Norway

39982 2131 1532 1270 1224 1207 782 748 624 504 472

54.0 2.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6

...

58 10 -2 8 21 28 2 4 -3 -4

Above 15

137241

86.4

-

-

-

Above 15

50476

68.2

-

-

-

14570 4133 626 396 205

100.0 28.4 4.3 2.7 1.4

15

...

16 24 69 -12 -5

11 4 -9 -7 34

5359

36.8

-

-

-

1103 688 116 56 47 35

100.0 62.4 10.5 5.0 4.3 3.2

19 19 16 39 53

2 -17 -25 41 306 18

5 9 47 63 -49 76

942

85.4

-

-

-

Singapore a, b World European Union (27) United States Hong Kong, China Australia Japan Above 5

... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

14827 2002 1085 919 467 419

100.0 13.5 7.3 6.2 3.1 2.8

22

...

15 19 11 49 78 102

25 38 2 18 20 23

4892

33.0

-

-

-

... ... ... ...

World United States China Japan Chinese Taipei Above 4

... ... ...

Russian Federation d 4111 1539 1285 295 272 76

100.0 37.4 31.3 7.2 6.6 1.8

3466

84.3

-3 -7 -10 9 19

-25 -21 -45 18 62 23

14 2 10 17 23 -18

-

-

-

...

World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Jersey Belarus Above 5

...

a Financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading and to financial intermediation services indirectly measured are not allocated geographically. b In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 6 per cent of financial services exports. c Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) are not allocated geographically. In 2011 they accounted for 9 per cent of financial services exports. d In 2011, financial services not allocated geographically accounted for 1 per cent of exports.




Above 5

...

Hong Kong, China c

Japan World European Union (27) United States Hong Kong, China Cayman Islands Australia

11

167

4.5 Computer and information services Table III.25

World exports of computer and information services by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

250 23 5 138 132 3 1 10 68

265 24 6 142 136 4 1 11 74

100.0 12.3 1.0 60.9 58.8 0.5 0.3 4.4 20.7

100.0 9.1 2.1 54.1 51.6 1.5 0.5 4.4 28.3

14 9 27 12 12 33 21 14 19

14 9 23 13 15 34 20 22 14

6 6 17 3 3 28 5 19 9


Table III.26

Major exporters and importers of computer and information services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2009

2011

2012

132035 57104 43634 15501 12182 9529 6993 2381 1790 1770 1753

135684 56442 47323

13 18 18 9 37 13 12 73 40 26 27

6 10 24 2 42 12 17 10 27 -1 5

15 14 8 11 32 23 4 23 34 23 29

3 -1 8

2036 1826 1990 2088

58.0 25.1 19.2 6.8 5.4 4.2 3.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

-14 2 12 19

227565

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

63041 20320 24538 4218 4036 3844 3184 2433 1856 1712 1635

64831 22307

12 11 15 10 15 15 10 31 7

3 2 16 -5 25 -8 0 32 12

...

...

13

17

10 4 16 18 15 30 10 29 -27 2 11

3 10

2651 2497 1731 1575

57.1 18.4 22.2 3.8 3.7 3.5 2.9 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.5

110495

...

100.0

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports India a United States China Israel b Canada Philippines b Argentina Malaysia b Russian Federation Above 10

...

14454 11329 ...

...

19 19 ...

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States Japan Brazil China Canada Russian Federation India Norway Australia Above 10

...

4496 4447 3843 ...

...

7 10 0 ...

9 35 1 -4 -

a Secretariat estimate based on data reported on computer services by the Reserve Bank of India. It excludes estimates for Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing Services (BPO), (source: RBI, Survey on Computer Software & Information Technology Services Exports, various issues), which have been included under other business services. b Computer services. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item, they may not appear in the list. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

168



Table III.27

Exports of computer and information services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

Value

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Japan India

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

2 1 -2 -5 -6 17

11 10 -2 7 20 11 45 45 17 18 7 11 79 19 19 37

United States 132035 74932 12354 8917 3080 2286

100.0 56.8 9.4 6.8 2.3 1.7

13 11 7 14 23 47

6 3 8 3 27 -1

15 15 15 -2 31 -4

World European Union (27) Canada Japan Switzerland Australia

15501 6649 1576 1049 887 805

100.0 42.9 10.2 6.8 5.7 5.2

Above 5 Russian Federation China Norway Australia Canada South Africa Brazil Israel Chinese Taipei Turkey

101568 2212 2166 2098 1616 1307 1156 904 865 744 660

76.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

18 44 17 25 16 13 27 18 46 21

22 -22 -5 3 11 19 -1 9 21 -4

6 12 39 20 62 -6 19 32 10 -1

Above 5 Singapore China India Mexico Brazil Hong Kong, China Korea, Republic of South Africa Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Chinese Taipei

10966 431 370 311 306 277 256 222 201 174 111

70.7 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.7

...

7 16 11 -3 -27 19 -10 -2 11 9

Above 15

115295

87.3

-

-

-

Above 15

13625

87.9

-

-

-

1353 961 154 29 22 10

100.0 71.0 11.4 2.2 1.6 0.7

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

-55 -54 -50 -35 -75 -51

1176

86.9

-

-

-

946 547 184 110 62

100.0 57.9 19.5 11.6 6.6

24

...

30 55 26 -3 15

7 9 -10 117 33

904

95.6

-

-

-

Russian Federation a World United States European Union (27) Kazakhstan British Virgin Islands Switzerland Above 5

... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1753 689 655 68 65 60

100.0 39.3 37.4 3.9 3.7 3.4

27 32 25 46 45 11

5 1 6 21 41 81

29 49 9 64 56 15

1536

87.7

-

-

-

World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Japan Canada Above 5 Hong Kong, China

1198 619 174 137 57 46

100.0 51.6 14.5 11.5 4.8 3.9

1033

86.2

1 -2 26 -10 34

21 18 -10 174 0 97

15 24 5 -10 53 18

-

-

-

...


... ... ...

a In 2011, computer and information services not allocated geographically accounted for 1 per cent of exports.




Above 5

...

Norway

Japan World United States European Union (27) Switzerland Singapore Hong Kong, China

9 ...

169

4.5.1 Computer services Table III.28

Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

120267 50442 43459 10110 9529 6110 2381 1786 1770 1666 1566

...

14 19 18 19 13 12 73 40 26 28 35

7 13 24 1 12 16 10 27 -1 5 60

16 19 10 14 23 4 23 34 23 31 29

...

2036 1822 1990 1995 1852

60.5 25.4 21.9 5.1 4.8 3.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

-14 2 12 20 18

198645

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

57982 18481 22635 3931 2144 2085 1707 1568 1252 1199 553

...

12 11 50 15 34 9 7 14 3 21 19

3 2 15 26 35 -2 7 15 35 -12 4

12 6 16 15 30 10 2 11 -42 13 28

...

1517 2096 1453 678

61.0 19.4 23.8 4.1 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.6

...

100.0

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports India a United States Israel Canada Philippines Argentina Malaysia Russian Federation Costa Rica Above 10

...

47134 ...

11329 ...

...

8 ...

19 ...

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States Brazil Russian Federation Canada Norway Australia India Malaysia Argentina Above 10

95055

... ...

4337 2313 ... ...

... ...

10 8 ... ...

-3 67 21 23 -

a Secretariat estimate based on data reported on computer services by the Reserve Bank of India. It excludes estimates for Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing Services (BPO), (source: RBI, Survey on Computer Software & Information Technology Services Exports, various issues), which have been included under other business services. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in computer and information services do not report the item computer services separately, they may not appear in the list. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

170



Table III.29

Exports of computer services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2011 2005-11

120267 69825 10830 5621 2850 2245

100.0 58.1 9.0 4.7 2.4 1.9

91372 2153 2086 1968 1547 1074 885 827 825 712 612

Value

2010

2011

14 11 6 18 23 47

7 3 8 17 30 -1

16 15 21 17 33 -5

76.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

18 44 17 28 12 27 19 18 46 22

21 -24 -6 4 20 -2 10 9 23 -3

6 13 42 20 -7 20 30 13 10 0

104060

86.5

-

-

-

1666 677 615 63 57 55

100.0 40.6 36.9 3.8 3.4 3.3

28 32 27 56 45 10

5 0 5 45 25 89

31 52 11 58 48 13

1467

88.0

-

-

-

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Japan India


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

1 -4 6 -7 -12 20

14 13 -1 27 15 16

...

18 13 -20 2 4 -4 -3 -29 23 18

50 49 10 22 18 44 13 51 14 15

-

-

-

United States

Above 5 Russian Federation China Norway Australia South Africa Brazil Israel Canada Chinese Taipei Turkey Above 15

2011

Share

World European Union (27) Canada Switzerland Japan Australia

10110 4274 1062 733 536 475

100.0 42.3 10.5 7.3 5.3 4.7

Above 5 Singapore China Brazil Mexico India Hong Kong, China South Africa Korea, Republic of Malaysia Thailand

7080 387 290 223 209 167 134 124 109 90 84

70.0 3.8 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8

Above 15

8897

88.0

19 ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Russian Federation World United States European Union (27) British Virgin Islands Kazakhstan Switzerland



Above 5


171

4.6 Royalties and licence fees Table III.30

World receipts of royalties and licence fees by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

290 124 1 123 103 1 0 1 39

290 128 1 116 97 1 0 1 41

100.0 48.4 0.4 36.5 30.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 14.0

100.0 44.2 0.5 40.2 33.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 14.3

9 7 14 10 10 16 2 10 9

14 13 27 14 14 30 -16 31 14

0 3 0 -5 -6 18 8 4 6


Table III.31

Major economies for receipts and payments of royalties and licence fees, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

120836 102730 54130 29058 19523 4336 2911 1637 1100 919 838

124303 96682 50485 31846

8 13 11 9 15 15 1 11 9 24

9 3 8 23 11 -2 -22 16 11 25 90

13 14 21 9 18 38 3 68 29 -1 82

3 -6 -7 10

3436 3583 1649 1146 854 932

42.6 36.2 19.1 10.2 6.9 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3

-21 23 1 4 -7 11

283890

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

123174 63403 36620 21697 19158 16391 14706 10352 7295 5830 5788

117792 59892 41992

12 8 6 19 5 18 7 8 24 22

0 -1 7 15 12 19 18 9 26 21 44

9 8 10 31 2 17 13 6 -19 20 17

-4 -6 15

19919 16511 17749 10563 8387 7629 4549

47.2 24.3 14.0 8.3 7.3 6.3 5.6 4.0 2.8 2.2 2.2

4 1 21 2 15 31 -21

261010

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

Exporters United States a European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports Japan Switzerland Korea, Republic of Canada Singapore Israel Australia Chinese Taipei Above 10

...

...

...

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States a Switzerland Japan Singapore China Canada Korea, Republic of Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Above 10

...

...

...

a The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis moved film and television tape distribution services from audiovisual and related services to royalties and licence fees. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

172



Table III.32

Receipts of royalties and licence fees of selected economies by origin, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2011 2005-11

120836 48907 10653 9589 9125 5146

100.0 40.5 8.8 7.9 7.6 4.3

83420 4532 4114 3822 3743 3406 3314 2769 837 821 676 111454

Value

2010

2011

1 10 9 24

9 -9 24 22 13 119

13 13 0 16 10 18

69.0 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.3 0.7 0.7 0.6

12 23 7 24 26 13 9 24 13 20

22 52 88 36 11 3 12 38 0 -15

15 23 0 21 11 24 9 42 21 -3

92.2

-

-

-

United States World European Union (27) Japan Canada Switzerland Chinese Taipei


2011

2011 2005-11

2010

2011

102730 48601 19319 7117 4225 3130

100.0 47.3 18.8 6.9 4.1 3.0

13 16 7 13 7 3

3 -1 2 28 -16 18

14 7 29 32 8 7

Above 5 China Brazil Korea, Republic of Canada Russian Federation Australia Chinese Taipei Norway Mexico South Africa

82392 2997 1829 1686 1438 1207 1081 733 725 640 594

80.2 2.9 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

17 41 20 19 28 15 18 7 9 6

23 18 37 62 16 -1 75 -1 8 31

15 24 15 -5 43 48 17 25 17 -1

Above 15

95323

92.8

-

-

-

4336 1549 1271 494 198 150

100.0 35.7 29.3 11.4 4.6 3.5

15 13 17 23 4 29

-2 -37 19 25 28 -9

38 97 18 8 17 28

3662

84.5

-

-

-

919 393 107 56 54 41

100.0 42.7 11.7 6.1 5.8 4.5

9 13 -6 42 69 41

25 31 6 21 … -4

-1 -16 -21 79 83 400

651

70.8

-

-

-

European Union (27)

Above 5 Korea, Republic of China Singapore Brazil Bermuda Australia Mexico Argentina South Africa India Above 15

Share

8 ...

Japan World United States European Union (27) China Thailand Chinese Taipei

Korea, Republic of 29058 10607 4352 3149 2326 1250

100.0 36.5 15.0 10.8 8.0 4.3

21683

74.6

9 6 22 14 15

23 24 5 17 36 26

9 4 11 10 18 19

-

-

-

...

Singapore World Australia China Japan United States Hong Kong, China Above 5

World United States China European Union (27) Japan India Above 5 Australia a

1637 446 329 205 71 56

100.0 27.2 20.1 12.5 4.3 3.4

...

1107

... ... ...

16 66 30 41

68 435 36 15

...

...

...

...

33

25

67.6

-

-

-

556 258 80 40 30 18

100.0 46.4 14.3 7.2 5.4 3.3

13 34 -1 33 23 32

1 -1 -14 112 0 16

44 77 6 3 26 4

426

76.7

-

-

-

World United States European Union (27) Canada Singapore Switzerland Above 5

Russian Federation b World European Union (27) United States Kazakhstan Ukraine Belarus Above 5


Above 5

World European Union (27) United States Singapore Switzerland Japan

a In 2011, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 3 per cent of receipts. b In 2011, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 4 per cent of receipts.



173

4.7 Other business services Table III.33

World exports of other business services by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

1100 144 42 578 541 22 10 15 288

1125 153 44 569 533 23 10 20 307

100.0 13.6 2.5 55.0 52.6 1.2 1.0 ... 25.2

100.0 13.5 3.9 50.5 47.3 2.1 0.9 1.8 27.2

9 9 16 8 8 18 8 ... 10

13 4 37 13 13 24 0 56 13

3 6 4 -1 -2 8 4 39 7


Table III.34

Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

541280 254182 117175 58270 45367 39573 39524 26461 25621 23469 21298

532621 258690 127248 66623 37603

9 9 10 17 9 8 13 10 24 10

4 1 9 14 0 16 28 10 34 10 18

13 14 4 12 7 13 13 7 16 21 13

-2 2 9 14 -17

24223 23014

57.7 27.1 12.5 6.2 4.8 4.2 4.2 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.3

938040

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

466419 187611 78192 45889 39620 34679 28736 25458 25367 19974 18565

462425 186300 81622 46509 42354 38132 29580 30296 28346 19096 19875

59.6 24.0 10.0 5.9 5.1 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.2 2.6 2.4

8 10 14 10 16 14 18 11 23 8 19

0 -2 7 1 1 12 13 51 36 10 9

13 14 16 17 15 14 19 0 22 8 19

-1 -1 4 1 7 10 3 19 12 -4 7

782900

798235

100.0

-

-

-

-

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States China Japan Hong Kong, China India a Canada Switzerland b Singapore c Chinese Taipei Above 10

...

45009 24978 ...

...

...

14 -6 ...

3 8

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States Japan China Korea, Republic of Singapore India Brazil Canada Russian Federation Above 10

a Secretariat estimate. It includes an estimate for Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing Services (BPO) which are classified under "software" by the Reserve Bank of India (source: RBI, Survey on Computer Software & Information Technology Services Exports, various issues). b Covers construction and computer and information services. c Does not include merchanting. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

174



Table III.35

Exports of other business services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2011 2005-11

541280 287097 61590 47120 11982 7674

100.0 53.0 11.4 8.7 2.2 1.4

Above 5 Singapore Norway Russian Federation Canada Turkey Hong Kong, China India Australia Korea, Republic of Nigeria

415463 6517 5869 5490 4900 4265 4165 4134 4058 4052 3649

Above 15

462561

Value

2010

2011

9 9 6 12 15 3

4 8 1 3 24 -17

13 13 12 17 19 47

76.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

18 7 5 16 18 0 15 17 9 12

11 -13 16 -5 11 18 -4 8 24 -1

22 9 -29 43 37 6 18 3 23 49

85.5

-

-

-

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Japan


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

0 -8 -6 25 58 1

7 0 -24 25 141 … 18 -20 -4 -22 … 5 -67 29 … -18

Japan a

Hong Kong, China World United States China Japan Chinese Taipei

Above 5

39573 3855 1871 430 272

100.0 9.7 4.7 1.1 0.7

6428

16.2

8

...

16 5 13 30 13

13 -3 4 -11 36

-

-

-

... ... ...

Above 5

100.0 38.6 25.7 24.3 16.0 2.7

9

Above 5 Australia Switzerland India Canada Malaysia Brazil Indonesia Cayman Islands Hong Kong, China New Zealand

48697 859 747 726 714 593 431 240 218 101 83

107.3 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2

-11

-22 5 85 -12 … 31 … 5 … 0

Above 15

53411

117.7

-

-

-

23469 5262 4493 2349 1396 1357

100.0 22.4 19.1 10.0 6.0 5.8

...

...

10 4 15 70 7 29

21 23 18 23 41 9

14858

63.3

-

-

-

15859 7258 2253 1104 424 386

100.0 45.8 14.2 7.0 2.7 2.4

20 19 21 26 16 14

9 5 0 19 36 5

28 29 12 43 1 6

11426

72.0

-

-

-

7592 1934 1112 1083 400 393

100.0 25.5 14.6 14.3 5.3 5.2

14 12 14 20 12 ...

17 17 24 -12 9 109

10 26 10 60 23 21

4922

64.8

-

-

-

...

4 22 22 -6 6 13 28 9 ...

32 10 12 ...

World European Union (27) United States Australia Japan Hong Kong, China Above 5

... ... ... ...

Russian Federation d 18464 5798 2664 2523 2049 991

100.0 31.4 14.4 13.7 11.1 5.4

12 10 8 5 40 10

39 52 37 20 70 69

10 18 -1 11 31 -11

14025

76.0

-

-

-

Norway World European Union (27) United States Brazil China Switzerland

45367 17519 11676 11034 7252 1217

Singapore b, c

Korea, Republic of World United States Japan European Union (27) China Hong Kong, China

World European Union (27) United States Singapore Chinese Taipei China

World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Kazakhstan British Virgin Islands Above 5 Australia e

13245 6212 1335 413 370 298

100.0 46.9 10.1 3.1 2.8 2.2

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

7 19 15 -27 86 44

8627

65.1

-

-

-

World United States European Union (27) Singapore New Zealand Pitcairn Above 5


Above 4

a b c d e

2011

Share

In 2011, exports of other business services are counterbalanced by negative values for merchanting for the Republic of Korea, United Arab Emirates and several other economies. Does not include merchanting. In 2011, ASEAN countries accounted for 12 per cent of other business services exports. In 2011, other business services not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports. In 2011, other business services not allocated geographically accounted for 9 per cent of exports.



175

Table III.36

Trade in other business services by category in selected economies, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value

Share Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services

Total other business services

Merchanting and other traderelated services

Operational leasing services

Total

Advertising, Legal, market Architectural, Agricultural, accounting, research and engineering mining and management public and other other on-site and public opinion Research and technical processing relations polling development services services

Other a

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports United States b China Japan Hong Kong, China Canada Singapore c Brazil Korea, Republic of Russian Federation Lebanon Argentina Algeria Morocco New Zealand Croatia Serbia Mauritius Costa Rica Pakistan

541280 254182 117175 58270 45367 39573 26461 23469 19675 18464 15859 8974 5178 2130 2065 1289 1218 1191 876 818 765

24.2 23.0 3.6 44.4 52.6 83.1 7.1 16.2 6.4 41.6 7.0 8.5 2.8 … 2.7 19.7 11.0 6.6 25.2 30.5 3.9

3.8 4.3 6.1 … 7.8 0.1 2.5 … 0.3 4.1 8.4 … 4.0 0.6 … 1.3 2.8 0.6 0.1 2.5 0.7

72.0 72.7 90.3 55.6 39.6 16.8 90.5 83.8 93.2 54.3 84.5 91.5 93.1 99.4 97.3 78.9 86.1 92.9 74.7 67.0 95.5

14.9 14.4 34.6 48.7 … 10.2 39.3 53.2 15.7 6.2 17.9 3.5 48.6 0.6 … 18.1 12.9 17.8 … 45.7 14.3

6.5 5.7 3.6 6.9 … 1.9 3.8 5.6 3.0 1.9 23.2 2.2 11.9 4.4 7.7 4.3 25.5 19.8 … 0.2 2.8

9.6 11.3 19.9 … 9.3 … 16.7 2.3 2.3 1.9 2.6 0.3 9.1 … … 7.3 9.5 5.5 … 1.2 0.9

9.9 12.5 7.1 … … 1.2 19.5 10.3 37.4 3.1 22.6 4.6 8.6 8.1 … 9.6 30.3 9.6 … 0.0 3.6

2.1 2.9 2.2 … … … 0.7 … 0.2 0.2 4.6 0.1 … 0.0 … 0.6 5.2 0.1 … … …

29.0 25.8 23.0 … … … 10.5 12.4 34.6 41.0 13.7 80.7 14.9 86.2 89.6 39.0 2.8 40.1 … 19.8 73.8

466419 187611 78192 45889 39620 34679 28736 25367 19974

12.6 13.0 2.0 27.0 46.1 35.7 20.2 3.8 4.1

4.1 4.7 2.5 1.1 … 3.7 … 66.0 6.4

83.2 82.3 95.5 71.9 53.9 60.5 79.8 30.1 89.5

15.4 14.8 36.9 … 46.9 6.3 37.2 3.8 45.5

8.9 9.2 3.7 … 7.0 11.0 6.3 3.0 3.9

13.1 15.4 28.6 23.2 … 5.1 11.6 0.1 6.5

8.2 7.0 1.9 … … 2.5 5.4 17.8 17.9

1.2 0.9 1.1 … … 0.2 … 0.0 2.0

36.4 35.0 23.3 … … 35.5 19.3 5.5 13.7

18565 10680 5564 5058 4181 3161 2622 2258 2157 2077 1965 1727

… 39.9 … 17.0 0.4 6.4 … 10.3 0.7 6.8 … 3.1

19.6 17.9 0.3 … 11.8 18.4 29.8 12.9 0.6 14.6 … 15.1

80.4 42.2 99.7 83.0 87.8 75.2 70.2 76.9 98.6 78.6 100.0 81.9

19.6 27.4 0.0 9.9 11.2 33.4 46.2 8.4 3.4 16.1 8.3 2.3

8.2 4.8 0.2 1.2 0.5 3.9 0.1 2.5 0.5 10.3 … 4.9

0.6 … … 0.5 2.7 1.2 … … 0.1 2.0 … …

25.8 3.0 96.0 4.1 50.2 13.5 18.5 56.9 … 12.4 … 0.5

13.4 … 0.0 0.5 18.7 5.2 0.2 … … 1.9 … …

12.8 … 3.4 66.9 4.5 18.0 5.3 9.0 94.7 35.8 91.7 74.2

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports United States b Japan China Korea, Republic of Singapore Brazil Canada Russian Federation Hong Kong, China Algeria Lebanon Kazakhstan Argentina Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of d Colombia Azerbaijan New Zealand Egypt Turkey

a Covers other services not included elsewhere as well as services between related enterprises n.i.e. b Market research and public opinion polling are included in "other". c Does not include merchanting. d May cover transactions belonging to other services items. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. See the Metadata.

176



4.8 Personal, cultural and recreational services Table III.37

World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2011 and 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share


2011

2012

2005

2012

2005-12

2011

2012

35 3 1 26 24 1 0 1 4

35 3 1 25 23 1 0 1 5

100.0 11.5 2.3 68.0 61.4 1.0 1.3 ... 14.8

100.0 9.5 2.2 67.7 62.3 2.5 1.1 2.3 14.7

7 4 6 6 7 22 5 ... 6

14 5 -8 17 16 0 21 -4 16

1 0 4 -4 -4 14 16 58 23


Table III.38

Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

23645 9633 2474 1267 929 893 874 503 493 472 444

22652 9339 2409 1220 1253

9 8 3 3 23 24 12

...

...

16 17 13 39 46 -11 25 0 4 11 12

-4 -3 -3 -4 35

17 10

16 18 3 17 22 36 15 14 36 9

474

73.9 30.1 7.7 4.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4

31995

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

20964 8168 3652 2200 1646 1560 1428 1121 1059 1023 977

19685 7624 3747 2460 1696 1546 1398 1034 1117 1167 1200

58.8 22.9 10.2 6.2 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7

3 1 63 3 13

9 12 18 -3 20

...

...

7 2 12 4 30 156

35630

35050

100.0

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports Canada Turkey Korea, Republic of United States a Australia Singapore Russian Federation Hong Kong, China Norway Above 10

...

914 507 556 ...

...

...

5 1 13


2011

...

7

Importers European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Canada Australia Norway Qatar Brazil Russian Federation Korea, Republic of Japan Above 10

...

...

...

16 16 14 -2

33 24 21 -11

-12 6 0 5

-6 -7 3 12 3 -1 -2 -8 6 14 23

-

-

-

-

a The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis moved film and television tape distribution services from audiovisual and related services to royalties and licence fees. 1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.



177

Table III.39

Exports of personal, cultural and recreational services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2011

Share


2011 2005-11

Value

2010

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Russian Federation Japan

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

Australia a 23645 14014 2786 1690 442 413

100.0 59.3 11.8 7.1 1.9 1.7

9 9 3 7 24 -7

16 15 23 8 37 8

16 16 3 19 131 -8

Above 5 Norway Australia Brazil China South Africa Turkey Singapore Korea, Republic of Canada Malaysia

19345 362 229 218 190 169 165 127 126 109 104

81.8 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

3 -1 15 36 19 32 5 18 8 38

19 -6 17 -21 23 36 -40 100 25 98

8 104 14 53 19 53 4 -7 12 46

Above 15

21144

89.4

-

-

-

Singapore

World European Union (27) Singapore New Zealand China United States

874 144 85 73 52 35

100.0 16.5 9.7 8.4 5.9 4.0

12 9 20 11 15 -14

15 27 5 28 31 -4

25 41 36 27 17 -4

Above 5 Malaysia Switzerland Canada Pitcairn Japan Hong Kong, China Indonesia Norway India Fiji

389 31 20 18 18 15 12 12 12 9 7

44.5 3.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8

24

16 45

18 18 18 -3 -22 8 6 229 -82 65

16 137 27 -40 -6 -39 50 -4 237 12

Above 15

544

62.2

-

-

-

493 207 103 37 32 24

100.0 42.0 20.9 7.6 6.4 4.9

17 17 47 13 26 17

36 27 53 -36 … 17

4 6 57 4 -45 -14

403

81.8

-

-

-

444 421 11 1 1

100.0 95.0 2.5 0.3 0.3

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

12 49 180 -82

...

...

...

435

98.1

-

-

-

...

29 ...

-4 -11 ... ...

Russian Federation

World India United States European Union (27) China Above 4

503 165 30 27 21

100.0 32.7 5.9 5.4 4.2

...

242

48.1

...

14 26

0 10

...

...

...

... ...

94 -26

-33 35

-

-

-

Hong Kong, China World China United States Japan Chinese Taipei Above 4

World European Union (27) Switzerland United States British Virgin Islands Kazakhstan Above 5 Norway

472 383 19 2 1

100.0 81.0 4.1 0.5 0.2

10

...

9 22 94 -57 -27

11 17 32 -49 -25

405

85.8

-

-

-

... ... ...

World European Union (27) United States Switzerland China Above 4

a In 2011, personal, cultural and recreational services not allocated geographically accounted for 25 per cent of exports.

178



4.8.1 Audiovisual services Table III.40

Major exporters and importers of audio-visual and related services, 2011 and 2012 (Million dollars and percentage)


Value


2011

2012

2011

2005-11

2010

2011

2012

12749 5161 2129 331 310 271 238 200 139 123 110

...

5 3 2 9 16 13 4 8

13 13 -5 9 39 -5 -17 20

...

...

...

-1 -12

26 -2

15 13 14 10 -14 44 12 56 -40 0 -1

Exporters European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) exports Canada Argentina Russian Federation Korea, Republic of Norway Australia India China Hong Kong, China Above 10

...

76.8 31.1 12.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.7

16600

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

14290 5842 1983 1335 1043 875 842 804 451 400 330

...

1 -2 3 15 22 15 17 -2 18 17 13

12 15 5 15 32 18 6 -10 34 33 12

7 3 2 29 9 3 155 10 21 8 -8

...

474 564 357

63.9 26.1 8.9 6.0 4.7 3.9 3.8 3.6 2.0 1.8 1.5

5 41 8

...

100.0

-

-

-

-

... ...

322 314 359 ...

191 289 126

... ...

-3 1 32 ...

-4 108 2 ...

Importers

Above 10

22355

... ...

1374 965 817 ... ...

... ...

3 -8 -7 ... ...

1RWH : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in personal, cultural and recreational services do not report the item audiovisual and related services separately, they may not appear in the list. The Unites States no longer appears in this table as the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis moved film and television tape distribution services from audiovisual and related services to royalties and licence fees. See the Metadata.




European Union (27) Extra-EU (27) imports Canada Australia Brazil Russian Federation Norway Japan Argentina China Korea, Republic of

179

Table III.41

Exports of audiovisual and related services of selected economies by destination, 2011 (Million dollars and percentage)

Value 2011

Share


2011 2005-11

Value

2010

2011

European Union (27) World European Union (27) United States Switzerland Japan Brazil

180

2011

Share


2011 2005-11

2010

2011

Russian Federation 12749 7589 1924 883 306 184

100.0 59.5 15.1 6.9 2.4 1.4

5 6 0 6 -10 13

13 13 -7 37 9 12

15 16 27 20 -10 21

World European Union (27) Switzerland British Virgin Islands United States Kazakhstan

310 146 35 28 25 17

100.0 47.0 11.2 9.0 8.1 5.5

16 17 55 56 14 13

39 30 … … -44 2

-14 -14 16 -49 -12 -28

Above 5 Norway South Africa Korea, Republic of Australia Russian Federation Malaysia Singapore Turkey Hong Kong, China China

10887 133 132 101 98 92 59 58 46 43 28

85.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2

-10 24 16 -12 20 61 2 19 1 27

0 33 104 -11 22 314 -58 15 46 -45

-2 7 -21 67 18 -1 -8 30 53 -36

Above 5 Ukraine Belarus United Arab Emirates Azerbaijan Canada Moldova San Marino Israel Singapore Japan

251 13 13 8 5 2 2 2 2 2 2

80.8 4.3 4.2 2.5 1.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

11 14 365 99 103 35

3

-16 23 … -34 58 3 67 8 348 -50

9 -21 62 485 71 -12 71 -7 4 20

Above 15

11678

91.6

-

-

-

Above 15

302

97.4

-

-

-


...

26 ...


IV. Trade in global value chains Today, companies divide their operations across the world, from the design of the product and manufacturing of components to assembly and marketing, creating international production network or global value chains. Attributing the full commercial value to the last country of origin can lead to distorted statistics. Measuring trade in value-added terms seeks to address this distortion. Key developments in 2012: a snapshot

182

Trade data

188

List of tables

188

1. Overview

189

you can access and download the Excel files for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics



Where to find more online:

181

Share of intermediate goods in non-fuel exports remains stable World non-fuel exports of intermediate goods, 2000–2011

Where to find more: Table IV.1

182


7,723

Value (in US$ billion) of world non-fuel exports of intermediate goods in 2011


t The share of intermediate goods in world non-fuel exports has hovered around the 50 per cent mark since 2000, dropping during the 2009 crisis and reaching its highest point (55 per cent) in 2011.

Share of intermediate goods in world non-fuel exports (%)

t The European Union was the biggest exporter of intermediate goods (36 per cent of all intermediate goods) in 2011. One-third of these goods were exported outside the European Union, two-thirds within the EU. China and the United States were the second and third largest exporters of intermediate goods respectively, with a share in world trade of 10.0 per cent and 9.8 per cent. t The six largest exporters of intermediate goods - the European Union, China, the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Hong Kong, China - represent nearly two-thirds of world trade in intermediate goods.


55%

Share of intermediate goods in world non-fuel exports in 2011



183

A quarter of the content of world exports is foreign-sourced t On average, almost three-quarters (74 per cent) of the value of world exports is domestically produced value added (2008 figures). Value added consumed by the first importing country represents 42 per cent of this amount while valueadded inputs exported to third countries (and thus transiting through the first importer) represent almost the remaining 32 per cent. The third component of the domestic value-added content of exports, corresponding to the value that is sent back to the original exporter, is negligible at an aggregated level (0.5 per cent). This is identical for the three country groups displayed on this page. The foreign value-added content of gross exports is 26 per cent. t The composition of the European Union’s exports is similar to the value-added trade structure of world exports. Domestically produced value added consumed by the importer is 39 per cent, just below the world average, while the EU’s value-added content sent to third countries amounts to 30.4 per cent, around one percentage point below the world average. t For “other countries”, value-added exported to the first importing country is 60 per cent while value-added exported to third countries is below the world average (27 per cent compared with 32 per cent).

Domestic and foreign value-added content of exports, 2008 (% of gross exports)

26% Foreign value added in world exports Note: Value added is defined as the value that is added by industries to produce goods and services. The foreign value-added content of exports corresponds to the value added of inputs that were imported in order to produce intermediate or final goods/services to be exported. For further information, see “Composition, definitions and methodology”.

Foreign value-added content Domestic value-added content Domestic value-added content (directly consumed by importer) Domestic value-added content (sent to 3rd country) Domestic value-added content (re-imported)


184



Trade in services is growing in importance t The share of services in world trade is much higher when measured in valueadded terms than when measured in gross terms. Taking domestic and foreignproduced value-added content together, the share of services in world trade amounts to 42 per cent as opposed to around 20 per cent when measured in gross terms (by balance of payments). This difference is due to the fact that many services needed for manufacturing processes are included in the sales price of goods and hence in the international transaction of goods. For the European Union, the share of services amounts to 51 per cent. t The share of value-added content sourced from primary products (of domestic and foreign origin) is extremely high for non-EU countries (58 per cent). This reflects to some extent EU competitiveness in producing value-added content in the manufacturing and services sectors. t The European Union imports higher than average value-added inputs from the manufacturing and services sectors, demonstrating that its level of integration in global value chains is greater than for non-EU countries.

Domestic and foreign value-added content of gross exports, by sector, 2008 (% of gross exports) World

42% EU (27)

Share of services in world trade measured in value-added terms

Foreign manufactured goods

Other countries

Foreign primary products


Foreign services

Domestic services Domestic manufactured goods Domestic primary products




185

Foreign affiliates play a significant role in global value chains US foreign affiliates’ supplies in goods and services within global value chains, 2010 (values in US$ billion and shares in foreign affiliates’ total supply)

186



t In 2010, one-third of the supplies of US foreign affiliates were traded with their parent multinational company or other affiliates (intra-firm exchanges). t A total of 55 per cent of the goods and services supply of US affiliates abroad in 2010 was directed to unaffiliated companies located in the same country as the affiliate.

1/3 Supplies of US foreign affiliates traded within their multinationals




187

List of tables IV. Trade in global value chains 1. Overview

188

Table IV.1 Leading exporters and importers of intermediate goods, 2011

189

Table IV.2 The value added components of gross exports, selected economies, 2008

190

Table IV.3 Shares of domestic and foreign sectoral contributions in gross exports, selected economies, 2008

191

Table IV.4 Supplies of goods and services by United States affiliates established abroad, 2010

192



1. Overview Table IV.1

Leading exporters and importers of intermediate goods, 2011 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value



2011

2005

2011

2005-11

2009

2010

2011

2782 967 773 757 451 291 282 13 270 218 209 206 168 138 137 133 127 122

40.9 13.5 6.6 11.4 6.9 3.3 0.2 3.1 2.7 3.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.2

35.9 12.5 10.0 9.8 5.8 3.8 0.2 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

7 8 17 7 6 12 9 7 10 8 10 5 16 19 17 10 7 15

-25 -22 0 0 -19 -13 -9 29 -11 -16 -19 -30 -18 -15 -15 -1 -23 -12

16 18 0 0 31 35 25 -22 28 30 34 27 35 43 40 27 34 32

20 18 0 0 7 17 16 28 15 7 12 17 31 26 24 15 20 23

6525

87.2

84.3

9

-22

24

18

2699 950 1056 771 311 227 22 247 237 209 194 167 158 133 120 120 116

37.7 12.1 9.5 12.8 4.2 0.4 2.9 1.5 2.9 3.2 2.5 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.7 0.9

33.8 11.9 13.2 9.7 3.9 0.3 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4

7 9 16 4 8 7 9 11 22 7 5 6 7 12 12 7 18

-28 -28 -8 -27 -28 -28 -28 -23 -1 -22 -21 -20 -26 -26 -33 -12 -28

18 25 35 26 31 18 25 30 35 30 24 26 46 43 33 32 39

19 18 19 18 17 19 18 17 30 14 14 7 11 20 28 11 22

6560

85.2

82.2

9

-23

26

18

Exporters European Union (27) extra-EU (27) exports China a United States Japan Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China domestic exports re-exports Singapore Chinese Taipei Canada Brazil Australia India Malaysia Mexico a Thailand Above 15 Importers

Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Imports are valued f.o.b.




European Union (27) extra-EU (27) imports China a United States Japan Hong Kong, China retained imports Korea, Republic of India Mexico b Canada b Singapore Chinese Taipei Thailand Turkey Malaysia Brazil b

189

Table IV.2

The value added components of gross exports, selected economies, 2008 (Percentage of gross exports)

Value added content of exports a Domestic To third countries Re-imported Total

Direct

Total

Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Canada Chile China Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France

46.6 52.1 39.3 34.8 44.9 76.9 36.9 45.1 49.7 48.9 24.7 67.4 31.4 43.7 38.7 37.7 37.2

39.6 33.8 25.2 24.5 43.5 14.3 23.1 18.9 28.6 30.4 40.9 12.7 28.6 22.1 23.0 25.5 35.1

0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.4

86.3 86.1 64.7 59.6 88.5 91.2 60.0 63.9 78.7 79.3 66.7 80.1 60.2 66.1 61.8 63.3 72.7

13.7 13.9 35.3 40.4 11.5 8.8 40.0 36.1 21.3 20.7 33.3 19.9 39.8 33.9 38.2 36.7 27.3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Germany Greece Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea, Republic of Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland ChineseTaipei Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States VietNam

36.2 49.8 46.0 36.3 46.3 42.3 49.3 37.6 44.7 36.4 33.0 28.7 40.4 42.4 29.9 37.9 46.4 39.8 38.1 38.1 59.5 36.7 36.2 38.7 47.1 56.9 90.8 34.3 32.1 39.5 46.2 40.8 38.7 41.6 27.3 38.0 40.2 51.1 48.8 42.6

34.9 24.3 24.8 18.6 18.0 33.9 33.2 16.6 20.3 40.5 47.2 27.4 30.6 16.4 10.4 23.6 13.2 29.3 24.8 40.4 25.4 21.3 33.0 25.8 25.4 35.5 6.2 12.3 19.3 21.5 32.7 34.0 26.0 27.8 24.4 24.0 33.4 29.7 35.8 17.5

1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.1

72.2 74.2 70.9 55.0 64.3 76.3 82.6 54.4 65.1 77.2 80.6 56.6 71.0 58.9 40.5 61.9 59.6 69.4 63.4 78.6 85.2 58.3 69.4 64.6 72.6 92.6 97.1 46.9 51.6 61.0 78.9 75.1 65.0 69.6 52.2 62.2 73.7 81.1 85.4 60.2

27.8 25.8 29.1 45.0 35.7 23.7 17.4 45.6 34.9 22.8 19.4 43.4 29.0 41.1 59.5 38.1 40.4 30.6 36.6 21.4 14.8 41.7 30.6 35.4 27.4 7.4 2.9 53.1 48.4 39.0 21.1 24.9 35.0 30.4 47.8 37.8 26.3 18.9 14.6 39.8

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

EU(27) b c

38.9

30.4

0.5

69.7

30.3

100.0

Others d

60.0

27.3

0.5

87.9

12.1

100.0

World c

42.0

31.6

0.5

74.1

25.9

100.0

a b c d

190

Foreign

See metadata (Chapter V, Section 2.4) for more details. Including EU intra-exports. Average of individual economies. Includes all countries except the individual economies shown in the table.



Table IV.3

Shares of domestic and foreign sectoral contributions in gross exports, selected economies, 2008 (Percentage)

Origin of the value added content of exports a Domestic Primary products

Manufactures

Services

Total

Manufactures

Services

Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Canada Chili China Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea, Republic of Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Viet Nam

28.1 36.6 1.9 0.8 22.4 65.7 8.5 22.9 24.2 39.8 9.2 3.4 2.5 7.0 5.2 2.2 3.7 1.1 3.9 0.1 2.9 11.6 12.2 31.3 1.5 2.8 2.2 0.4 0.6 6.0 5.0 0.3 18.4 1.9 19.7 9.9 14.7 48.7 3.7 5.2 3.6 5.7 29.2 85.2 0.0 2.7 2.0 26.2 3.4 2.7 1.4 0.6 8.6 5.5 5.9 5.4 30.0

32.4 14.3 27.9 23.9 33.7 10.9 21.1 16.6 24.6 15.3 39.0 8.8 32.8 25.2 23.0 31.1 28.8 36.5 14.0 4.7 28.6 24.0 21.2 35.8 20.8 27.8 36.3 45.4 34.4 20.1 28.9 5.1 23.6 18.5 28.3 22.0 26.0 9.6 29.3 32.2 24.0 36.7 32.9 7.3 18.4 27.7 30.5 22.6 27.6 27.5 30.1 28.4 36.6 32.4 26.2 36.8 16.3

25.8 35.2 34.9 35.0 32.4 12.5 30.8 23.5 29.9 24.1 18.5 67.0 25.1 33.9 33.9 30.2 40.3 34.5 56.4 66.2 23.7 29.9 42.9 15.5 32.1 34.5 38.8 34.8 21.6 44.8 25.8 35.2 20.0 39.5 21.4 31.5 37.8 26.9 25.7 32.1 37.1 30.3 30.5 4.4 28.5 21.6 28.9 30.1 44.1 34.8 38.1 23.3 17.2 35.9 49.1 43.2 13.8

2.0 3.7 4.2 8.2 3.3 1.3 9.5 4.5 4.8 5.4 7.2 2.5 4.5 4.1 3.7 7.0 5.1 4.8 7.4 4.2 3.9 2.0 6.0 4.6 3.3 5.9 4.9 6.8 15.7 2.8 12.3 3.1 4.5 4.0 3.1 11.4 4.6 1.8 4.8 4.5 7.0 4.6 0.6 0.3 10.4 7.1 4.9 6.6 5.9 7.2 4.4 14.5 8.1 5.8 4.1 5.1 7.8

6.4 4.8 14.5 12.8 4.2 3.7 12.8 11.5 9.3 6.6 14.7 5.3 19.3 8.4 16.7 13.1 11.3 10.6 5.9 6.9 22.4 7.9 7.1 6.2 9.2 12.7 8.6 6.8 14.2 10.9 10.2 8.2 18.9 13.4 18.2 11.6 7.9 6.6 18.7 13.5 14.3 11.2 2.8 0.8 16.6 22.6 17.7 7.7 8.1 12.3 13.0 19.2 13.0 10.8 7.0 5.4 15.0

5.3 5.4 16.5 19.3 4.0 6.0 17.2 21.0 7.2 8.8 11.3 13.0 15.8 21.4 17.4 16.5 10.9 12.4 12.4 18.0 18.6 24.5 10.6 6.6 33.1 16.2 9.3 5.7 13.4 15.5 17.8 48.0 14.6 22.6 9.3 13.7 8.9 6.4 17.8 12.5 14.0 11.4 4.0 1.9 26.1 18.4 16.1 6.7 10.9 15.5 13.0 14.0 16.6 9.6 7.8 4.1 17.2

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

EU(27) b c Others d

3.3 54.6

29.4 15.2

37.0 18.0

5.5 3.4

10.9 4.2

13.9 4.5

100.0 100.0

World c

13.0

29.5

31.6

5.6

9.8

10.5

100.0


a b c d

Foreign Primary products

See metadata (Chapter V, Section 2.4) for more details. Including EU intra-exports. Average of individual economies. Includes all countries except the individual economies shown in the table.



191

Table IV.4

Supplies of goods and services by United States affiliates established abroad, 2010 (Billion dollars and percentage)

Value

Share in total supplies

Total supplies to affiliated companies To parent companies To other local affiliated companies a

1481.0 379.0 303.0

29.9 7.7 6.1

To other non-local affiliated companies b Total supplies to unaffiliated companies To unaffiliated companies in the United States To unaffiliated local companies a To unaffiliated non-local companies b

799.0 3470.0 96.0 2703.0 671.0

16.1 70.1 1.9 54.6 13.6

Total supplies to affiliated and unaffiliated companies

4951.0

100.0

a Companies located in the same economy as the reporting affiliate. b Companies located in third economies. Note : Total supplies of goods and services are similar to sales, except for insurance and finance industries where only the service trade margin is recorded. See the metadata.

192



Composition, definitions & methodology The data for this report comes from a variety of sources. How it is compiled and presented is explained in this chapter. 1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings

194

2. Definitions and methodology

198

3. Specific notes for selected economies

205

4. Statistical sources

207



193

1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, although some members are not countries in the usual sense of the word but are officially “customs territories”. The definition of geographical and other groupings in this report does not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of its frontiers, nor the rights and obligations of any WTO member in respect of WTO agreements. The colours, boundaries, denominations, and classifications in the maps of this publication do not imply, on the part of the WTO, any judgement on the legal or other status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of any boundary. Throughout this report, South and Central America and the Caribbean is referred to as South and Central America; the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, the Republic of Korea and the Separate Customs Territory of

194


Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu are referenced as Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela; Hong Kong, China; Macao, China; Korea, Republic of; and Chinese Taipei respectively. Changes in statistical territories in 2010 and 2011 involving the Netherlands Antilles and Sudan are reflected in this report, as far as available statistics permit. Data for the Netherlands Antilles are no longer given beginning with 2011, and are replaced with data for the successor states Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Further, the secession of South Sudan from Sudan in July 2011 resulted in a decrease in the magnitude of the latter’s trade flows. No time series is currently disseminated for South Sudan due to data availability. As from 1 January 2011, Maldives is no longer a least developed country.


* WTO members ** Observer governments

North America Bermuda Canada* Mexico* United States of America* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified

South and Central America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda* Argentina* Bahamas** Barbados* Belize* Bolivia, Plurinational State of* Brazil*

Chile* Colombia* Costa Rica* Cuba* Curaçao Dominica* Dominican Republic*

Ecuador* El Salvador* Grenada* Guatemala* Guyana* Haiti* Honduras*

Jamaica* Netherlands Antilles* Nicaragua* Panama* Paraguay* Peru* Saint Kitts and Nevis*

Saint Lucia* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines* Sint Maarten Suriname* Trinidad and Tobago* Uruguay* Venezuela, Bolivarian, Rep. of

Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified

Europe Albania* Czech Republic* Andorra** Denmark* Austria* Estonia* Belgium* Finland* Bosnia and Herzegovina** France* Bulgaria* FYR Macedonia* Croatia* Germany* Cyprus* Greece* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified

Hungary* Iceland* Ireland* Italy* Latvia* Liechtenstein* Lithuania* Luxembourg*

Malta* Montenegro* Netherlands* Norway* Poland* Portugal* Romania* Serbia**

Slovak Republic* Slovenia* Spain* Sweden* Switzerland* Turkey* United Kingdom*

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) a Armenia* Georgia*a Azerbaijan** Kazakhstan** Belarus** Kyrgyz Republic* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified

Moldova* Russian Federation* Tajikistan*

Turkmenistan Ukraine* Uzbekistan**

a

Georgia is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States but is included in this group for reasons of geography and similarities in economic structure.

Africa Algeria** Congo* Angola* Congo, Dem. Rep. of* Benin* Côte d’Ivoire* Botswana* Djibouti* Burkina Faso* Egypt* Burundi* Equatorial Guinea** Cameroon* Eritrea Cape Verde* Ethiopia** Central African Republic* Gabon* Chad* Gambia* Comoros** Ghana* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified

Guinea* Guinea-Bissau* Kenya* Lesotho* Liberia** Libya** Madagascar* Malawi* Mali* Mauritania* Mauritius*

Morocco* Mozambique* Namibia* Niger* Nigeria* Rwanda* Sao Tome and Principe** Senegal* Seychelles** Sierra Leone* Somalia

South Africa* Sudan** Swaziland* Tanzania* Togo* Tunisia* Uganda* Zambia* Zimbabwe*

Middle East Bahrain* Israel* Iran** Jordan* Iraq** Kuwait* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified

Lebanon** Oman* Qatar*

Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of* Syrian Arab Republic** United Arab Emirates*

Yemen**

Asia Afghanistan** Australia* Bangladesh* Bhutan** Brunei Darussalam* Cambodia* China* Fiji*

Hong Kong, China* India* Indonesia* Japan* Kiribati Korea, Republic of* Lao People’s Dem. Rep.* Macao, China*

Malaysia* Maldives* Mongolia* Myanmar* Nepal* New Zealand* Pakistan* Palau

Papua New Guinea* Philippines* Samoa* Singapore* Solomon Islands* Sri Lanka* Chinese Taipei* Thailand*

Tonga* Tuvalu Vanuatu* Viet Nam*

Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified



195

Regional integration agreements Andean Community (CAN) Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) / AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Cambodia Lao People's Dem. Rep. CACM (Central American Common market)

Malaysia Myanmar

Philippines Singapore

Thailand Viet Nam

Costa Rica El Salvador CARICOM (Caribbean Community and Common Market)

Guatemala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Antigua and Barbuda Belize Guyana Bahamas Dominica Haiti Barbados Grenada Jamaica CEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa)

Montserrat Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago

Cameroon Chad Central African Republic COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) Burundi Egypt Comoros Eritrea Congo, Dem. Rep. of Ethiopia Djibouti Kenya ECCAS (Economic Community of Central African States)

Congo

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

Libya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius

Rwanda Seychelles Sudan Swaziland

Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

Angola Central African Republic Burundi Chad Cameroon Congo ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)

Congo, Dem. Rep. of Equatorial Guinea

Gabon Rwanda

Sao Tome and Principe

Benin Côte d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Gambia Cape Verde Ghana EFTA (European Free Trade Association)

Guinea Guinea- Bissau Liberia

Mali Niger Nigeria

Senegal Sierra Leone Togo

Iceland European Union (27)

Liechtenstein

Norway

Switzerland

Austria Belgium

Estonia Finland

Ireland Italy

Netherlands Poland

Spain Sweden

Bulgaria

France

United Kingdom

Latvia

Portugal

Cyprus Germany Czech Republic Greece Denmark Hungary GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council)

Lithuania Luxembourg Malta

Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia

Bahrain

Qatar

Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of

Argentina Brazil NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

Paraguay

Uruguay

Canada Mexico SAPTA (South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement)

United States

Bangladesh India Bhutan Maldives SADC (Southern African Development Community)

Nepal

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Angola Lesotho Botswana Madagascar Congo, Dem. Rep. of Malawi WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union)

Mauritius Mozambique Namibia

South Africa Seychelles Swaziland

Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Benin

Côte d'Ivoire

Mali

Senegal

Togo

Burkina Faso

Guinea- Bissau

Niger

Oman

United Arab Emirates

Kuwait MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)

196



Other groups ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific countries) Angola Côte d’Ivoire Antigua and Barbuda Cuba Bahamas Djibouti Barbados Dominica Belize Dominican Republic Benin Equatorial Guinea Botswana Eritrea Burkina Faso Ethiopia

Haiti Jamaica Kenya Kiribati Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi

Burundi

Mali

Fiji

Cameroon Gabon Central African Republic Gambia Chad Ghana Comoros Grenada Congo Guinea Congo, Dem. Rep. of Guinea-Bissau Cook Islands Guyana Africa North Africa Algeria Egypt Sub- Saharan Africa Western Africa Benin Gambia Burkina Faso Ghana Cape Verde Guinea Côte d’Ivoire Central Africa Burundi Central African Republic Cameroon Chad Eastern Africa Comoros Ethiopia Djibouti Kenya Eritrea Madagascar Southern Africa Angola Lesotho Botswana Malawi 7HUULWRULHVLQ$IULFDQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG Asia East Asia (including Oceania): Australia Indonesia Brunei Darussalam Japan Cambodia Kiribati China Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Fiji Macao, China Hong Kong, China Malaysia West Asia: Afghanistan Bhutan Bangladesh India APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Australia Hong Kong, China Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Canada Japan Chile Korea China Mexico BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) North America DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: (except Mexico) DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: Africa LDCs (Least-developed countries) Afghanistan Comoros Angola Congo, Dem. Rep. of Bangladesh Djibouti Benin Equatorial Guinea Bhutan Eritrea Burkina Faso Ethiopia Burundi Gambia Cambodia Guinea Central African Republic Guinea-Bissau Chad Haiti Six East Asian traders Hong Kong, China Republic of Korea Malaysia


South Africa Sudan Suriname Swaziland Tanzania Timor Leste Togo Tonga

Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Micronesia Mozambique Namibia Nauru

Niger Nigeria Niue Palau Papua New Guinea Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia

Libya

Morocco

Tunisia

Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali

Mauritania Niger Nigeria

Senegal Sierra Leone Togo

Congo Dem. Rep. of the Congo

Equatorial Guinea Gabon

Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe

Mauritius Seychelles

Somalia Sudan

Tanzania Uganda

Mozambique Namibia

South Africa Swaziland

Zambia Zimbabwe

Mongolia Myanmar New Zealand Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea

Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Chinese Taipei Thailand Tonga

Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam

Maldives Nepal

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Malaysia New Zealand Peru Papua New Guinea Philippines

Russian Federation Singapore Thailand Chinese Taipei United States

Viet Nam

Trinidad and Tobago Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Zambia Zimbabwe

South and Central America and the Caribbean, Mexico

EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) Europe except the European Union (27) and EFTA; Middle East

Kiribati Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar

Nepal Niger Rwanda Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia Sudan

Tanzania Timor Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Yemen Zambia

Singapore

Chinese Taipei

Thailand

European Union (27)

Australia, Japan and New Zealand Asia except Australia, Japan, and New Zealand


197

2. Definitions and methodology 2.1 Merchandise trade 2.1.1

Exports and imports

Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade figures are larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses.

To the extent possible, total merchandise trade is defined in this report according to the general trade definition. It covers all types of inward and outward movement of goods through a country or territory including movements through customs warehouses and free zones. Goods include all merchandise that either add to or subtract from the stock of material resources of a country or territory by entering (imports) or leaving (exports) the country’s economic territory. For further explanations, see United Nations International Trade

Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2. Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transaction value, including the cost of transportation and insurance to bring the merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country or territory (“free on board” valuation). Imports are valued at transaction value plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country or territory (“cost, insurance and freight” valuation).

Table IV.2

Products A. Primary products (i) Agricultural products (SITC sections 0, 1, 2 and 4 minus divisions 27 and 28) of which, - Food (SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22) of which, 0 - Food and live animals 1 - Beverages and tobacco 4 - Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 22 - Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits - - Fish (SITC division 03) - - Other food products and live animals ( SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22 minus division 03) - Raw materials (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29) of which, 21 - Hides, skins and furskins, raw 23 - Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed) 24 - Cork and wood 25 - Pulp and waste paper 7H[WLOH¿EUHVRWKHUWKDQZRROWRSVDQGRWKHUFRPEHGZRRO DQGWKHLUZDVWHVQRWPDQXIDFWXUHGLQWR\DUQRUIDEULF &UXGHDQLPDODQGYHJHWDEOHPDWHULDOVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG (ii) Fuels and mining products (SITC section 3 and divisions 27, 28, 68) of which, - Ores and other minerals (SITC divisions 27, 28) of which, 27 - Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) 28 - Metalliferous ores and metal scrap - Fuels (SITC section 3) - Non-ferrous metals (SITC division 68) B. Manufactures (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, 8 minus division 68 and group 891) (i) Iron and steel (SITC division 67) (ii) Chemicals (SITC section 5) of which, - Pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54) - Other chemicals (SITC divisions 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59) of which, 51 - Organic chemicals 52 - Inorganic chemicals 53 - Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials 55 - Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleaning preparations 56 - Fertilizers (other than those of Group 272, i.e Fertilizers, crude) 57 - Plastics in primary forms 58 - Plastics in non-primary forms &KHPLFDOPDWHULDOVDQGSURGXFWVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG

198



Products (continued) (iii) Other semi-manufactures (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69) of which, /HDWKHUOHDWKHUPDQXIDFWXUHVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HGDQGGUHVVHGIXUVNLQV 5XEEHUPDQXIDFWXUHVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG 63 - Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture) 64 - Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard 1RQPHWDOOLFPLQHUDOPDQXIDFWXUHVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG 0DQXIDFWXUHVRIPHWDOVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG (iv) Machinery and transport equipment (SITC section 7) - Office and telecommunication equipment (SITC divisions 75, 76 and group 776) of which, - - Electronic data processing and office equipment (SITC division 75) - - Telecommunications equipment (SITC division 76) - - Integrated circuits, and electronic components (SITC group 776) - Transport equipment (SITC group 713, sub-group 7783 and divisions 78, 79) of which, 78 - Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles) 79 - Other transport equipment - - Automotive products (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784 and subgroups 7132, 7783) of which, 781 - Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than public-transport type vehicles), including station wagons and racing cars 782 - Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles 5RDGPRWRUYHKLFOHVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG 784 - Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles and tractors 7132 - Internal combustion piston engines for propelling vehicles listed above - -Other transport equipment (SITC division 79, groups 713, 785, 786 minus sub-group 7132) of which, 79 - Other transport equipment ,QWHUQDOFRPEXVWLRQSLVWRQHQJLQHVDQGSDUWVWKHUHRIQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG 785 - Motorcycles and cycles, motorized and non-motorized 786 - Trailers and semi-trailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), and specially designed and equipped transport containers - Other machinery (SITC divisions 71, 72, 73, 74, 77 minus groups 713, 776 minus sub-group 7783) of which, - - Power generating machinery (SITC division 71 minus group 713) of which, 71 - Power generating machinery and equipment minus ,QWHUQDOFRPEXVWLRQSLVWRQHQJLQHVDQGSDUWVWKHUHRIQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG - - Non-electrical machinery (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74) of which, 72 - Machinery specialized for particular industries 73 - Metal working machinery *HQHUDOLQGXVWULDOPDFKLQHU\DQGHTXLSPHQWQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HGDQGPDFKLQHSDUWVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG - - Electrical machinery (SITC division 77 minus group 776 and subgroup 7783) of which, (OHFWULFDOPDFKLQHU\DSSDUDWXVDQGDSSOLDQFHVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HGDQGHOHFWULFDOSDUWVWKHUHRI minus 776 - Thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (OHFWULFDOHTXLSPHQWQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HGIRULQWHUQDOFRPEXVWLRQHQJLQHVDQGYHKLFOHVDQGSDUWVWKHUHRI (v) Textiles (SITC division 65) (vi) Clothing (SITC division 84) (vii) Other manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891) of which, - Personal and household goods (SITC divisions 82, 83 and 85) of which, 82 - Furniture and parts thereof, bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings 83 - Travel goods, handbags and similar containers 85 - Footwear - Scientific and controlling instruments (SITC division 87) - Miscellaneous manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 88 and 89 minus group 891) of which, 3UHIDEULFDWHGEXLOGLQJVVDQLWDU\SOXPELQJKHDWLQJDQGOLJKWLQJ¿[WXUHVDQG¿WWLQJVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG 3KRWRJUDSKLFDSSDUDWXVHTXLSPHQWDQGVXSSOLHVDQGRSWLFDOJRRGVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HGZDWFKHVDQGFORFNV 0LVFHOODQHRXVPDQXIDFWXUHGDUWLFOHVQRWHOVHZKHUHVSHFL¿HG C. Other products: commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section 9 and group 891) &RPPRGLWLHVDQGWUDQVDFWLRQVQRWFODVV¿HGHOVHZKHUHLQ6,7& 891 - Arms and Ammunition D. Intermediate products include all parts and accessories as well as industrial primary and processed intermediate products. The “fuels and lubricants” category (BEC code 3) was excluded. BEC codes 42, 53, 111, 121, 21, 22



199

2.1.2

Products

All product groups are defined according to Revision 3 of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Throughout this report, other food products and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit are referred to as other food products; electronic data processing and office equipment is referred to as EDP and office equipment; and integrated circuits and electronic components is referred to as integrated circuits. Agricultural products according to the AOA (WTO Agreement on Agriculture) definition refer to HS chapters 1 to 24 (excluding fish and fish products) and a number of manufactured agricultural products (for further information see “The Legal Texts, The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Negotiations”, WTO). This definition does not correspond to the definition of agricultural products presented in the breakdown of merchandise trade by main commodity group (see table II.1).

2.1.3

World trade network

The world merchandise trade network by region and product from which Appendix tables A2 and A12 are derived is based on export data. The network is constructed in the following way: First, total merchandise exports from each of the seven regions are aggregated from the individual country or territory figures published in Appendix table A6. Next, the total merchandise exports of each region are distributed by destination and then by product. The regional and commodity breakdown is based on UNSD Comtrade database, EUROSTAT, GTIS GTA database, national statistics and Secretariat estimates. During this process, the principal adjustments to the figures are as follows: (i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each region’s exports to South and Central America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately). (ii) China’s exports are adjusted to approximate their final destination.

200


(iii) Exports of non-monetary gold, where known, are included. When they cannot be broken down by destination, they are allocated to “unspecified destinations”. (iv) South Africa’s trade does not include trade with the former Southern African Customs Union members. (v) “Estimates for the Middle East include unrecorded re-exports of the United Arab Emirates which accounted for 4 per cent of the region’s total exports in 2012. As of this publication, these are no longer distributed by product and destination and are instead included in unspecified products and destinations.”

2.1.4 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner (Commodity and Appendix tables) Appendix tables are derived from UNSD Comtrade and EUROSTAT. For trade by product, world totals include shipments which have not been distinguished by origin or destination. For trade by region and partner, world totals include goods which have not been specified by product. The following adjustment has been made to the figures: Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are reallocated from each economy’s exports to South and Central America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately).

the world account in the System of National Accounts (SNA). The compilation of international merchandise trade statistics (IMTS) relies principally on customs records complemented, as appropriate, by additional sources to enhance their coverage (for instance, to include electricity, or trade in vessels and aircrafts). These statistics essentially reflect the physical movement of goods across borders, while National Accounts and BOP statistics record transactions that involve change in ownership. The goods account in the BOP is generally compiled on the basis of IMTS after they have been adjusted for coverage, timing, and valuation. Coverage differences between BOP statistics and IMTS concern mainly: t JUFNTTVDIBTCMVFQSJOUT WJEFPT and tapes which are regarded as services within the BOP (hence are excluded from goods) whereas they are included in merchandise trade statistics at the value of the material support; t H PPETUIBUGPSQSBDUJDBMSFBTPOTBSF excluded from merchandise trade but should in theory be recorded in BOP statistics, such as fish and salvage sold abroad by resident vessels, or imports of bunkers and stores acquired abroad for mobile equipment operated by residents;

t H PPETVOEFSUIFJNQSPWFNFOU and repair trade regime should be excluded from IMTS, but they are to be included in the goods account at the value of The selection of each economy’s major the repair under the BPM5; trading partners is based on a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of each t BOPUIFSDPWFSBHFEJGGFSFODFDPODFSOT economy with their trading partners in goods that are imported in an economy 2012 (member States of the EU (27) where they undergo processing are counted as one trading partner). operations, and are thereafter re-exported. IMTS recommends Commodity tables in Chapter II by that these movements be recorded product, region and major trading on a gross basis, whereas BPM5 partner are also derived from distinguishes between goods that UNSD Comtrade and Eurostat. return to the country of origin (included within the goods account but reported separately) and those 2.1.5 Merchandise trade that are sent to a third economy and the goods account in (such flows are considered as trade balance of payments statistics in general merchandise between the Merchandise trade statistics serve economy of origin and final destination, as an input for the compilation of and should be excluded from the the goods account in the balance goods account of the economy of payments (BOP) and the rest of where the processing takes place).


The physical movement of goods across border measured in IMTS do not necessarily coincide in timing with changes in the ownership of goods. BPM5 therefore recommends the application of specific adjustments for such cases. As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects most data comparability concerns the point of valuation, namely, whether goods are valued at the importer’s border - that is at the cost, insurance and freight value - or at the free on board value at the exporter’s border. IMTS guidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f. valuation for imports whereas the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) requires the f.o.b. valuation. Additional adjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to the BPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade, processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion. Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goods category of the current account, along with services, income, and current transfers. Therefore, within the balance of payments framework transactions in both goods and services are harmonized and provide for comparable statistical series. Strictly speaking, it is not correct to aggregate the figures for commercial services and merchandise shown elsewhere in this report. It should be noted that some economies still apply the concepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, and thus do not include goods for processing and goods procured in port carriers in the goods account.

2.2 Trade in commercial services Depending on the location of the supplier and the consumer, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) defines four modes of supply. In addition to the cross-border supply (mode 1), where both the supplier and the consumer remain in their respective home territories, GATS also covers cases where consumers are outside their home territory to consume services (mode 2 – consumption abroad), or cases where service suppliers are in the territory of the consumers


to provide their services, whether by establishing affiliates through direct investment abroad (mode 3 – commercial presence), or through the presence of natural persons (mode 4). A country’s balance of payments, that is the services account, can be used to derive estimates covering trade in commercial services for modes 1, 2 and 4. The Balance of Payments does however not include most of the information on the local deliveries of services through foreign affiliates that is required to estimate the size of mode 3. A framework for collecting these data, the Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) has been developed and adopted by the international statistical community in 2002. Further information on these “new” statistics is developed below.

2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non residents of an economy Exports and imports Exports (credits or receipts) and imports (debits or payments) of commercial services derived from statistics on international service transactions are included in the balance of payments statistics, in conformity with the concepts, definitions and classification of the fifth (1993) edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual.

Definition of commercial services in the balance of payments In the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the current account is subdivided into goods, services (including government services, not included elsewhere), income (investment income and compensation of employees), and current transfers. The commercial services category in this report is defined as being equal to services minus government services, not included elsewhere. Commercial services is further subdivided into transportation services, travel, and other commercial services. Transportation services covers sea, air and other including land, internal waterway, space and pipeline transport services that are performed by residents of one economy for those of another, and that involve the

carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rentals (charters) of carriers with crew, and related supporting and auxiliary services Travel includes goods and services acquired by personal travellers, for health, education or other purposes, and by business travellers. Unlike other services, travel is not a specific type of service, but an assortment of goods and services consumed by travellers. The most common goods and services covered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment and transportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs. Other commercial services corresponds to the following components defined in BPM5: (i) communications services includes telecommunications, postal and courier services. Telecommunications services encompasses the transmission of sound, images or other information by telephone, telex, telegram, radio and television cable and broadcasting, satellite, electronic mail, facsimile services etc., including business network services, teleconferencing and support services. It does not include the value of the information transported. Also included are cellular telephone services, Internet backbone services and on-line access services, including provision of access to the Internet; (ii) construction covers work performed on construction projects and installation by employees of an enterprise in locations outside the territory of the enterprise (the oneyear rule to determine residency is to be applied flexibly). In addition goods used by construction companies for their projects are included which implies that the “true” services component tends to be overestimated; (iii) insurance services covers the provision of various types of insurance to non residents by resident insurance enterprises, and vice versa, for example, freight insurance, direct insurance (e.g. life) and reinsurance; (iv) financial services covers financial intermediation and auxiliary services provided by banks, stock exchanges, factoring enterprises, credit card enterprises, and other enterprises;


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(v) computer and information services is subdivided into computer services (hardware and software related services and data processing services), news agency services (provision of news, photographs, and feature articles to the media), and other information provision services (database services and web search portals); (vi) royalties and licence fees, covering payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises; (vii) other business services, comprising trade-related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site processing; and (viii) personal, cultural, and recreational services is subdivided into two categories, (i) audiovisual services and (ii) other cultural and recreational services. The first component includes services and fees related to the production of motion pictures, radio and television programmes, and musical recordings. Other personal, cultural,

and recreational services includes services such as those associated with museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural, sporting, and recreational activities.

Coverage and comparability With the implementation of BPM5, the coverage and comparability of services trade data have improved over time. However, given that these improvements have been made gradually, they also resulted in a number of breaks in series and are subject to significant distortions. First, some countries do not collect statistics for certain service categories. Second, some service transactions are simply not registered. If central bank records are used, situations where no financial intermediaries are employed are not counted. In the case of surveys, the coverage of trading establishments is often incomplete. A particularly serious problem is that services transmitted electronically are frequently unregistered as well as when the transactions take place within multinational corporations. Third, statistics may be reported on a net rather than on a gross basis, often as a result of compensation arrangements such as in rail transport or in communications services. Fourth some services transactions may be difficult to capture. It is often easier for compilers to collect more complete and reliable information on trade in services exports rather than on imports given the large number and diversity of

importers compared to that of exporters, e.g. financial services, computer services. Fifth, some particular service transactions may not be classified to the appropriate BPM5 services classification. Methodologies to build estimates for certain service categories may also differ between economies, notably due to the continuing efforts to improve these statistics. Some economies have made progress in the estimation of insurance services to take into account premium supplements and claim volatility (i.e. in the case of catastrophic events). Sixth, the alternate sources used for countries which are not members of the IMF do not necessarily comply with the IMF concepts and definitions. Seventh, misclassification of transactions may lead to an underestimation of commercial services when service transactions are registered as income, transfers or trade in merchandise rather than trade in services or, conversely, to an overestimation of commercial services when transactions pertaining to income, transfers or official transactions are registered in the private service categories. These distortions may be particularly significant at the detailed level, i.e., for a detailed service category, and may lead to considerable asymmetries between countries’ reported trade flows by origin and destination. The estimation of world trade by services components has been based on reported economy data as shown in the following table:

Table IV.3

Number of economies reporting Balance of Payments services components for 2011 Exports

Imports

Total commercial services

188

188

Transportation services

166

167

Travel

167

166


166

166

159

159

129

129

Construction

124

132

Insurance services

151

161

Financial services

132

137

Computer and information services

129

134

Computer services

92

104

Royalties and license fees

126

142

Other business services

155

161

Personal, cultural, and recreational services

120

124

72

74

Communications services Telecommunications services

Audiovisual and related services

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First, total trade in commercial services from each of the seven regions is aggregated from the individual economy figures published. The breakdown of these data is then applied to missing countries before aggregating regional and world totals. Tables on major traders are based on reported data only. Statistics on international trade in services are produced jointly and published simultaneously with UNCTAD. Regional and world estimates for 2012 for sub-item of other commercial services should be considered as preliminary.

From BPM5 to BPM6 A number of economies have started to compile their balance of payments statistics according to the sixth edition (2009) of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6). In August 2012, the IMF has started to publish annual and quarterly figures according to the new methodology, with the new series beginning in 2005.

x Computer and information services is obtained by adding computer services and information services. x Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM), if separately reported, are subtracted from financial services and from the total. This conversion was applied to the following reporters (according to the level of detail reported): Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Chile, Fiji, Georgia, Hong Kong (China), India, Jamaica, Kuwait, Macao (China), Malaysia, Nicaragua, Philippines, the Russian Federation, Samoa, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Thailand and Ukraine.

Bilateral trade As from 2007, available reporters’ bilateral trade with the European Union refers to the EU(27).

on measures that better capture service output (i.e. the margin). This mainly has an impact on the measurement of activities of wholesalers and retailers, insurers and financial intermediaries. From a GATS perspective, the size of mode 3 in a given country can be approximated through the value of the output (or supply) of services by foreignowned affiliates. In the absence of data on output, sales of services are used. In tables i.24-i26 the focus is on services (i.e. to measure the GATS concept of supply of services through commercial presence), whereas table iv.4 covers both goods and services. FATS are currently available mainly for OECD and a small number of nonOECD economies. Given the recent development of these statistics, comparability and coverage of individual economy data may not always be complete. Availability of detailed data and long-time series varies considerably between economies.

Starting with 2009 data, UNCTAD and WTO have been converting trade in commercial services figures from BPM6 to BPM5 for the economies which only report BPM6-based data. The objective of this conversion is three-fold: (i) ensuring to the fullest extent cross-country comparability; (ii) providing users with the longest possible time series (which are currently only available on a BPM5 basis); (iii) comparability with the more detailed EBOPS and partner statistics.

2.3 Foreign Affiliates Statistics

2.4 Trade in global value chains

The new statistical framework on Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) is developed in the Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 2010, the OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment and the OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators. The statistical framework covers both goods and services producing enterprises.

The measurement of trade in value added terms traces the source of the value added, by country and industry that is contained in the products (goods and services) traded across the world.

The conversion mapping used by UNCTAD-WTO can be summarized as follows:

It analyses the universe of affiliates for which foreign investors own more than 50 per cent of the voting power or equity interest.

x Manufacturing services on inputs owned by others and maintenance and repair services, the two new services items in the BPM6 presentation, are subtracted from the total;

Depending on the compiler’s view, one can distinguish inward FATS, that is, activities of foreign-owned affiliates in the compiling economy, or, outward FATS, that is, foreign affiliates of the compiling economy active abroad. Variables such as sales, value added, number of employees, etc. are used to describe the affiliates’ activities. These variables are broken down by country of origin or destination of investments and also by type of primary activity of the affiliates. The United States also provide a breakdown into total supply of goods and total supply of services products. In the case of services industries the concept of supply (or output) is based

x Net exports under merchanting, which have been moved in the goods account, are added back to other business services and thus to total commercial services; x Postal and courier services are subtracted from transport services; x Communication services is built adding postal and courier services to telecommunications;


Value added is defined as the value that is added by industries to produce goods and services. In a national account sense, it reflects the compensation of labour, capital, nonfinancial assets and natural resources used in the production as well as net indirect taxes, when relevant. The value added approach reflects the interconnection of economies and sectors as well as the increasing importance of trade in intermediate inputs that takes place among international supply and production chains. It provides insights on where the value added comes from and thus on the actual contribution of trade to economies. Trade in value added indicators are estimates based on Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) tables. ICIO tables cover both goods and services. They regroup national Input-Output tables and international trade statistics into a consistent framework to describe


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sale and purchase of goods and services between producers and consumers from various economies and industries. They enable to disentangle domestic and foreign value added in each economy and industry. Trade in value added estimates presented in this publication are sourced from the OECD-WTO “Trade in value added” (TiVA) database and the OECD ICIO table. The latter covers 57 economies plus a “rest of the world” aggregate. Industries are regrouped into 37 sectors and cover productive activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Revision 4.

2.4.1 The decomposition of gross exports into their value added components The breakdown of conventional export data (gross) into their value added components allows showing the role played by economies in global value chains. The domestic value added content of exports is composed of the following indicators: (i) The domestic value added, embodied either in final or intermediate goods/ services, directly consumed by the importing country. This represents a one-to-one country transfer of value added, with exported goods/ services crossing borders only once.

of inputs that was imported in order to produce intermediate or final goods/ services to be exported. It can also be referred to as vertical specialization, when expressed in percentage.

2.4.2 The sectoral value added contributions to gross exports Exports from a (domestic) industry do not only contain value added produced within the same industry but also value added sourced from other industries within the economy or from other economies.

Export and import prices by commodity group of Germany, Japan and the The value added approach to estimate United States are sourced from national trade flows can describe both the statistics. Aggregates are calculated by geographical and sectoral origin of the weighting the countries’ price indices value added contained in gross exports with the export and import values of of any given industry. Table IV.3 presents the countries’ respective base year the value added origin (columns) of (Appendix tables A37 and A38). gross exports (rows) according to the domestic and foreign source and by main sector. This highlights the extent 2.5.3 World merchandise of the global value chains phenomenon trade indices and outlines the interconnection and The volume indices and the deflators related dependency across countries (i.e. price indices or unit values) are taken and sectors for the production and from a range of different international trade of goods and services. and national sources. The reported deflators and volume indices may not always be available for the most recent 2.5 Other definitions years or may differ in product coverage from the corresponding value indices. and methods

2.5.1

Annual changes

Throughout this report, average annual percentage changes are analogous to compound interest rates. In calculating the average annual rate of change between 2005 and 2012, for example, (ii) The domestic value added contained data for calendar year 2005 were in intermediates exported to a first taken as the starting point, and data for country which re-exports them to a third calendar year 2012 as the end point. country as embodied in others goods/ services. This indicator represents a one-to-many country transfer of value 2.5.2 Prices added, when exported goods/services Commodity price movements are cross borders more than once. This primarily described by indices largely illustrates the level of participation of based on spot market prices, and an economy within therefore exclude transactions governed international production. by longer-term contracts. Price indices for such commodities as food, beverages, agricultural raw materials, minerals, non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crude petroleum are obtained from IMF Primary Commodity Prices (July 2012 release). Aggregates for all primary commodities and for non-fuel primary commodities are calculated using IMF weights (Appendix table A36). Beginning with The foreign value added content of exports corresponds to the value added the first quarter of 2011, the crude oil (iii) The domestic value added of exported goods/services which is eventually re-imported by the country itself. Such a value added roundtrip between two countries highlights the domestic value added content present in a country’s imports.

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price index shown in Appendix table A36 is computed excluding West Texas Intermediate (WTI), which accounts for one third of the IMF’s crude oil index. The price of WTI became largely dislocated from international markets in early 2011 and is thought not to represent well prices in international oil trade. For more information, see Box Comm.1 of the World Bank’s Global Commodity Market Outlook, January 2012 (see page 65 of the complete report on http:// go.worldbank.org/WI8LCZ6PT0).

Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a two-tier process. First, export and import deflators from national and international sources are complemented with Secretariat estimates for missing data. They are then aggregated to obtain regional totals. The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for each region by the corresponding regional deflator. Second, the total world merchandise volume index is obtained by deflating the world trade value with the aggregate of regional deflators. Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the previous year are used as weights.

2.5.4

World production

Production of agriculture (including hunting, forestry and fish), mining and manufacturing is defined according to major Categories A, B, C and D of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities Revision 3 (ISIC). World production in


these sectors is estimated by combining production indices published by the FAO, OECD, UNIDO and UNSD. The world index is derived through aggregation of the three sectors by using value added shares in 2005 as weights.

For this reason, the figures for world exports and for exports of Asia shown in Appendix tables A2 and A12 are smaller than those in Appendix table A6. When retained imports are not published, an approximation is made on the basis of re-export values.

2.5.5 World gross domestic product

China reports imports from China (re-imports), a trade flow which accounted for 7.9 per cent ($142.9 billion) of its total merchandise imports in 2012. These imports consist of products which have been produced in China and thereafter temporarily exported. The product structure of China’s imports from China indicates that in absolute terms office and telecom equipment is the largest category ($86.1 billion) in this particular trade flow. The share of re-imports is particularly large in the imports of telecommunications equipment (46.4 per cent), EDP and office equipment (40.6 per cent), electrical machinery (28.5 per cent) and in textiles (15.4 per cent). Further information on these imports is provided in Box 2 of the International Trade Statistics 2005.

To be consistent with production figures, World GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of individual economies’ real GDP growth. The weights used are shares of economies in 2005 world nominal GDP converted to dollars at market exchange rates. The use of official exchange rates which are not market-based for some major economies, together with the fluctuations of the United States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies, can have a significant impact on the weighting pattern. The increasing use of weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by other international organizations is meant to attenuate “anomalies” linked to these factors. In a period of widely diverging growth rates among countries and regions, the choice of the weighting pattern can have a marked influence on the global growth estimate. For the 2000-2011 period, global growth estimates based on PPP-weights indicate a significantly faster growth than estimates using weights based on GDP data measured at market exchange rates. This is because of differences in the two weighting patterns.

2.5.6 Re-exports and re-imports Under the system of general trade adopted in this report, re-exports are included in total merchandise trade (see Section II.1). However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of its re-exports (amounting in 2012 to $471 billion), if included in regional or world aggregates, would adversely affect the analytical value of the statistics by introducing a significant element of double counting. Therefore, Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are excluded from the world and from Asia aggregates (unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China’s domestic exports and retained imports are included in the totals.


3. Specific notes for selected economies 3.1 Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union Beginning with the 2002 report, EU data compiled according to national statistical practices have been replaced, starting 1993, with data compiled by Eurostat in accordance with EU legislation. The concepts and definitions adopted by the EU are in line with the United Nations’ International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2. As a result, the conceptual differences between EU member states’ data have been substantially reduced. Moreover, for the EU as a whole, Eurostat data are more timely than the previous source, thus reducing substantially the amount of estimation included in the EU aggregate. Since January 1993, statistics on the trade between the member states of the EU have been collected through the “Intrastat” system (see GATT

1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics). The coverage of this system, which relies on reports submitted by firms for transactions above a minimum value, is not as wide as the previous one, which was based on customs declarations. This is particularly noticeable on the import side. For example, prior to the adoption of the Intrastat system, reported intra-EU imports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported intra-EU exports (f.o.b.). However, from 1993 onwards, the reported value of intra-EU imports has been on average around 3 per cent lower than the value of intra-EU exports, indicating a substantial under-reporting of intra-EU imports. As a result of this inconsistency, the Secretariat has substituted intra-EU exports data for intra-EU imports at the aggregate EU level when estimating regional and world totals. However, this adjustment is not allocated between EU member countries. Hence, the sum of reported imports of individual EU members does not add to the figure for EU imports as a whole. This adjustment is also reflected in the volume estimates for the EU as a whole.

3.2 Merchandise trade of South Africa with SACU (South African Customs Union) South Africa’s merchandise exports (and imports) exclude shipments to (from) other SACU members (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland). Partner statistics indicate that South African shipments amount to 85 per cent of these countries’ total merchandise imports in 2004. This share – most likely – increased thereafter and represents an important trade flow for the African region. If South Africa’s exports would be adjusted for these shipments to SACU members, its total exports would be about $ 6 billion higher in 2012 and intra-African trade would be substantially higher, with intraSACU trade being the largest intra trade flow for regional trade agreements in Africa.

3.3 Major breaks in data continuity of merchandise trade Beginning 2003, Singapore includes merchandise trade with Indonesia.


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As comprehensive data collection on insurance services started in 1986, the first six-year average of “regularly occurring claims” could only be With respect to the Russian Federation, calculated for 1992. As a result, time Also in line with this gradual movement considerable uncertainty remains about series on trade in insurance services, towards the BPM6 recommendations, the and consequently on other commercial the accuracy of foreign trade statistics, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis moved services, have been revised back to especially as regards imports. A large film and television tape distribution proportion of the reported data on 1992. To complete the 2003 revision, services from audiovisual and related imports consists of official estimates in 2004 the United States added to services (part of personal, cultural and of inflows of goods which enter the insurance services an estimate of economy without being registered by the recreational services) to royalties and premium supplements (or income earned customs authorities. Such adjustments to licence fees starting with 1999. on technical reserves of insurance import data accounted for 6 per cent of companies). Insurance companies the officially reported totals in 2012; and, In 2010, the United States revised its provide financial protection to policy goods and services accounts to reflect on the export side, for about 1 per cent holders through the pooling of risk and the reclassification of certain transactions of total reported exports. provide financial intermediation services from services to goods. In particular, in through the investment of reserves. The previously published statistics, certain Merchandise trade flows between income is treated as accruing to the exports and imports of military-related the European Union member States policy holders who pay it back to the include trade associated with fraudulent goods were recorded on a transactor insurers as supplements to premiums basis and were combined with other VAT declaration, which concerns to cover the full cost of insurance. services transactions in the services mainly office and telecommunications The investment income of insurance account. In addition, expenditures on equipment. Between 2006 and 2007, companies is not output in and of itself; goods and services by foreign air and intra-EU merchandise trade statistics it is used to impute the value of the ocean carriers in U.S. ports (exports) have been particularly affected by a implicit component of insurance services considerable reduction in this fraudulent and by U.S. air and ocean carriers in attributable to financial intermediation. foreign ports (imports) were included trade in the United Kingdom. in “other” transportation services. 3.5 Travel exports Beginning with statistics for 1999, fuel expenditures by foreign and U.S. air 3.4 Trade in services and transportation and ocean carriers were reclassified of the United States services exports and from “other” transportation services to goods. A number of changes in terms of Over recent years the United States imports of Japan content were also introduced.Beginning Bureau of Economic Analysis has In order to enhance the coverage of with 2006 and continuing with 2007 continuously improved its trade in estimates of travel exports and imports, surveys of transactions in selected commercial services estimates. the Bank of Japan and the Japanese services and transactions in financial Ministry of Finance reviewed their In 2011, the United States implemented services, transactions with affiliated and compilation methodology, notably by a number of changes in the classification unaffiliated persons are collected on including results from a new expenditure of certain services transactions beginning the same form and in the same detail. survey of foreign travellers as of 2003. with statistics for the year 1999. Apart This in particular reduces the potential This revision had a major impact on from regular updates in source data, these for duplicate reporting or omissions. the estimates for travel exports. This improvements were part of a broader effort It is important to note that given this methodology was reviewed in 2007 to align with the recommendations of the major revision, some time series were based on the results of a new survey new IMF Balance of Payments Manual significantly revised and for some other (International Travelers’ Survey on (BPM6). detailed services items, including both Expenditures) which are used in the new affiliated and non affiliated trade, data In particular, revisions incorporated the compilation method to directly estimate are not available prior to 2006. results of BEAs 2009 financial services the amounts spent by travelers to pay Another major revision was introduced benchmark survey (which did not for goods and services. This applies to in 2003, when the United States contain a reporting threshold) as well exports and imports data as from 2006. as the reclassification of postal services revised its methodology for estimating trade in insurance services. The new from U.S. government miscellaneous 3.6 Trade in other methodology measures insurance services to other transportation. U.S. services as premiums less normal expenditures by foreign nationals commercial services claims. Normal claims comprise two working at international organizations components: “regularly occurring claims” of India were removed from other services. In the course of 2004, the Reserve that are calculated as an average of all Revised methodologies were used for claims paid during the previous six years, Bank of India released new data estimating the U.S. expenditures of following the introduction of a new foreign residents who work in the United and a share of “catastrophic claims” reporting system to improve the that is added-on to “regularly occurring States for less than 1 year and for estimating U.S. air carriers expenditures claims” in equal increments over the two coverage of Indian trade in services statistics (mainly affecting the item decades following their event. in foreign ports. Finally, cruises fares Beginning 2008, Indonesia’s imports are reported according to the general trade system.

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were reclassified from passenger fares to travel. As a result of these changes, United States’ exports and imports of services were revised upwards.


other business services). The data shown in tables for India for “computer services” refer to WTO Secretariat estimates. The Indian figures reported by the Reserve Bank of India and international agencies refer to “software services” (covering Information Technology (IT) and IT enabled services). The coverage of “software services” does not correspond to the definition of computer services in international guidelines. WTO secretariat estimates are drawn from the software figure which is broken down into a computer/ IT component included in the item “computer services”, and an IT enabled services component included under the item “miscellaneous business, professional and technical services” (under “other business services”). This breakdown is done on the basis of the information published in the annual RBI report “Survey on Computer Software & Information Technology Services Exports”.

3.7 Trade in commercial services of United Arab Emirates Commercial services trade statistics of United Arab Emirates only cover transportation and travel.

3.11 Trade in other commercial services of Oman In 2008 new data compiled (new national data from new survey of corporate firms in 2007) for other commercial services items, resulting in a break in series for 2005 for exports and 2003 for imports.

3.12 Trade in commercial services of the Islamic Republic of Iran Starting with 2004, Iran compiles data according to the recommendations of the BPM5.

3.13 Trade in commercial services of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia New data are compiled from 2005 according to BPM5 principles. Prior to 2008 a number of items (e.g. financial services, other business services) were still not all classified according to the BPM5 definitions and some items were received net.

3.8 Trade in commercial 3.14 Trade in services of Nigeria commercial services New data from 2005 compiled on the basis of BPM5 recommendations were of Singapore released by the Bank of Nigeria in 2007. This results in a break in series for Nigerian data in 2005.

3.9 Trade in commercial services of South Africa In 2006 the Reserve Bank of South Africa improved its commercial services estimates, and revised its data back to 2001 (resulting in a break in series for that year).

3.10 Trade in other commercial services of Bahrain New data compiled from 2004 for other commercial services items, resulting in a break in series for that year.


submitted by resident non-financial corporations exporting or importing services that are not subject to the general direct reporting requirement. The expansion of the sample of surveyed firms led to a break in series and to a substantial upward revision of service receipts and payments, excluding travel, in 2009. Starting with 2011, a new reporting system has been implemented for financial intermediaries, also resulting in a break in series for financial services, both credits and debits.

3.16 Trade in financial services For Singapore (from 1995), and Switzerland, (from 1999) data on trade in financial services include Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM). This is not in accordance with BPM5 recommendations. For Australia and Hong Kong (China), data include FISIM starting from 2009, due to the countries’ transition to BPM6. In the case of Hong Kong, China FISIM have no geographical breakdown.

4. Statistical sources Most frequently used sources for statistics are:

EUROSTAT, Comext and on-line databases FAO, FAOSTAT Agriculture database Starting with 2009, trade in FAO, Production Yearbook commercial services figures of GTIS, Global Trade Atlas database Singapore are converted from the IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics BPM6 to the BPM5 presentation. IMF, International Financial Statistics As figures for net exports under IMF, World Economic Outlook database merchanting are not separately OECD, Main Economic Indicators reported, exports of total commercial OECD, Measuring Globalisation: services and of other commercial services respectively are about The Role of Multinationals in 20% and 35% lower than previously OECD Economies reported. The break in series of OECD, Monthly Statistics of 2009 results from this difference in International Trade coverage. OECD, National Accounts OECD, Statistics on International Trade in Services 3.15 Trade in OECD/IEA, Energy Prices & Taxes commercial services UNECE, Economic Survey of Europe UNECLAC, Overview of the Economies of France Figures released in 2012 reflect a new of Latin America and the Caribbean supplementary survey on international UNIDO, National Accounts Statistics Database trade in services (ECEIS), which is


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UNSD, Comtrade database (for OECD members the UNSD-OECD Joint Trade Data Collection and Processing system) UNSD, International Trade Statistics Yearbook UNSD, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics UNSD, Servicetrade database World Bank, World Development Indicators These sources are supplemented by national publications and other international databases and Secretariat estimates. Figures for total merchandise trade are largely derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product are mainly obtained from Eurostat’s Comext database, the Global Trade Atlas and UNSD’s Comtrade database. Some inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same country or territory between sources are inevitable. These can be attributed to the use of different

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systems of recording trade, to the way in which for example IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data.

Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the United Nations Statistics on trade in commercial Economic Commission for Europe, services are mainly drawn from the the United Nations Economic IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. Commission for Latin America and Data for European Union members, EU the Caribbean, the United Nations candidate and EU observer countries as Statistics Division, the United well as the EU(27) aggregate are drawn Nations Industrial Development from Eurostat’s on-line database from Organization, the World Intellectual 2004. For other economies that do not Property Organization and the World report to the IMF (e.g., Chinese Taipei) Bank whose assistance in supplying data are drawn from national sources. advance information has greatly Estimations for missing data are mainly facilitated the work of the Secretariat. based on national statistics. Statistics on Acknowledgements are also due to trade in commercial services by origin national institutions for providing and destination are also derived from advance statistics. national statistics. Closing date for merchandise trade GDP series in current dollars are mainly statistics (Customs basis) and derived from the World Bank World commercial services (Balance of Development Indicators, supplemented Payments basis) is 15 July 2013. in some cases with statistics from For foreign affiliates trade in services the IMF World Economic Outlook statistics the closing date is 16 August database. 2013.
