Better decisions through modeling and mapping our world. ESRI.
INTRODUCTION. TO. G. I. S. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ...
Better decisions through modeling and mapping our world ESRI
INTRODUCTION TO
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
What is GIS? A tool for managing, managing manipulating, analyzing, and displaying any kind of information according to where it is i llocated. t d What is its purpose? Allows you to visualize i f information i What is its benefit? GIS reveals relationships, patterns and trends not visible in other popular patterns, systems. Popular Uses: •Desktop •Mobile GPS •LBS •Real Time Data
Layers: A GIS map is made of layers, or a
collections of geographic objects that are alike. To make a map, you can use as many layers as you want.
Aliso li Creek k Water Quality li Monitoring i i Program
Monitoring Subwatersheds
Population Data
Land Use and Spill Locations
County of Orange
Sewer System
http://www.esri.com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume18/water5.html
Features: Each geographic object in a layer is called a feature or surface. A feature has shape and size. Points, lines and polygons (vectors) are used to represent features.
Dakar Gao ! !! !
Karachi ! ! ! Yangon ! Sittwe ! Bangkok
Massawa ! ! !! Assab N'djamena Al Fashir Singapore !
Lae ! ! ! Kupang ! ! Bandung Darwin
Oakland Tucson ! ! Miami ! ! New Orleans ! Caripito San Juan ! ! Paramaribo !! Fortaleza Natal
Surface: A single continuous expanse that changes from one location to another. The ocean, rainfall, and temperature are examples of surfaces Surfaces have numeric values instead of surfaces. shapes. A matrix of colored, identically sized squares (Raster) is used to represent surfaces.
This is a numerical model of Tauranga Harbour during spring tidal conditions, which shows a snapshot h t in i time ti off a dynamic d i data d t set. t
High Tide—1.5 Hours
Tauranga Harbour Tidal Movements Environment Bay of Plenty
Low Tide—7.5 Hours
Preparation for a Hurricane B Brownsville ill P Public bli Utiliti Utilities B Board d
Raster is faster but Vector is corrector.
Sewer Cleaning Frequency Map City of San Diego—Metropolitan Wastewater Department
http://www.esri.com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume19/wastewater2.html
Points, lines, Points lines and polygons can be used in modeling utility service and repairs.
Sewer Mains by Date Installed City of San Diego—MWD
Pipe Replacement
Valve Isolation Analysis
Water Utility Modeling at the Truckee Donner Public Utility District
Features are linked to information. information Information is stored is attribute tables. Attributes are categories of information. If you highlight a record in a table, you will see the corresponding feature on the map.
! ! !!
!
!
! ! !!
!! !
P oi nt Po i nt
COUNTRY U SA US A
NAME T ucson Tu cson
CA ELEVATION PRECIP ARRIVAL DEPARTURE N N
Poi nt
USA
New Orl eans N
Poi nt
USA
Miami
N
1045 1045
300 300 5/21/1937 5/21/1937 5/22/1937 5/22/1937
0
1700 5/22/1937 5/23/1937
24
1700 5/23/1937 6/1/1937 1700 6/1/1937 6/2/1937
Poi nt
PuertoRi co
SanJuan
Y
36
Poi nt
Venezuel a
Caripito
N
126
1700 6/2/1937 6/3/1937
Poi nt
Suriname
Paramaribo
Y
11
2400 6/3/1937 6/4/1937
Poi nt
Brazil
Fortaleza
N
15
1200 6/4/1937 6/6/1937
Poi nt
Brazil
Natal
N
7
1200 6/6/1937 6/7/1937
Poi nt
Senegal
SaintLouis
N
21
500 6/8/1937 6/8/1937
!
! !
!
! !
Shape*
!
!!
! !
!
! !!
GE ORANG
TEXAS S
WEBSTER
Attributes are not the only kind of information that can belong to a feature. Pictures, text documents, and Web pages can also be related to features.
WESTERN
UNION
BD_RMS _
SALE_PRICE _
R-1
ZONING
ZIP_CODE _
92373 REDWOOD, CHAUNCEY 1004 OHIO ST
OWNER_NAM _ E
ADDRESS
2
83600
SQ_FT _ 1208
BT H_RM _ S
1.5 N
POOL
R-1
92373 HARRISON, BLANCHE
940 COLUMBIA
2
109500
1180
1.5 N
R-1
92373 BARNES, HENRY
901 WA SHINGTON ST
3
166500
1902
2 Y
R-1
92373 HOUSEN, JA CK
903 WEBSTER ST
2
93500
1566
2 N
R-1
92373 TING, HONG
835 WA SHINGTON ST
2
84900
1196
1.5 N
R-1
92373 PLUNK, SANDY
822 COLUMBIA
2
112500
1567
2 N
R-1
92373 GONZ ALEZ , BOB
1148 LAWTON ST
3
110500
1498
2 N
R1 R-1
92373 MCGUNIGLE, MCGUNIGLE HEATHER
505 W BROCKTON AV E
2
92700
858
1 N
COLTON
Classification: Information in the attribute table can be used to symbolize features and q quantities. Tunisia Mor occo
Alger ia Libya
Egypt
Western Sahara
Mauritania Niger
Mali
Eritr ea
Chad Senegal Gambia Guinea-Bissau
Sudan Burkina Faso
Guinea
Djibout i Benin Nigeria
Sierra Leone Ivory Coast
Somalia
Togo Ghana
Ethiopia Cent Af Rep
Liberia Cameroon
Equatorial Guinea Gabon
Uganda Kenya
Congo Rwanda Congo DR
Burundi
Tanzania
Angola
Malawi Mozambique Zambia
Zimbabwe
Namibia
Madagascar
Botswana
Sw aziland South Afr ica
Lesotho
Legend Countries POP2000 291,187 - 3,364,289 4,007,031 - 8,537,248
Legend
9,694,001 - 15,237,733 16,425,667 - 24,227,621 30,488,943 - 48,548,531
1 Dot = 750,000 POP2000
66,851,491 - 75,512,339 161,075,377
Population 2000
Outline
Population Density 2000
IMAGES
Image Processing System
MAPS Map Digitizing System
STATISTICAL REPORTS Statistical Analysis System
Spatial Attribute Data Data Base Base Database Management System
Geographic Analysis System ANALYSIS
Cartographic Display y System
MAPS
STATISTICS & TABULAR DATA
Data Acquisition
NAME Tucson
CA ELEVATION PRECIP ARRIVAL DEPARTURE N
New Orleans N
Preprocessing
Data Management
Manipulating & Analysis
Product Generation
1045
300 5/21/1937 5/22/1937
0
1700 5/22/1937 5/23/1937
Miami
N
24
1700 5/23/1937 6/1/1937
SanJuan
Y
36
1700 6/1/1937 6/2/1937
Caripito
N
126
1700 6/2/1937 6/3/1937
Paramari bo
Y
11
2400 6/3/1937 6/4/1937
Fortaleza
N
15
1200 6/4/1937 6/6/1937
Natal
N
7
1200 6/6/1937 6/7/1937
SaintLoui s
N
21
500 6/8/1937 6/8/1937
ArcGIS ArcMap: p Application pp used p primarily y to examine data, query attributes, conduct spatial analysis, and design maps. AcrCatalog: Application used to browse and manage spatial data. ArcToolbox: Application used to import and convert data into different formats,, re-project data, and to conduct spatial analysis.
Spatial Analysis Analyze the relationship between and among geographic hi ffeatures t
Topologically Directionally Proximally Conduct advanced spatial analysis
Connectivity C ti it Containment Contiguity
Dual Map Analysis and Modeling Selection: Selected features from one layer are used to select features of another layer. Overlay: A new layer is generated by performing an overlay operation on two input layers. Models: Constructed from two or more map inputs.
What is it’s benefit? Used to understand spatial relationships in your data (both raster and vector). How does it work? By imposing a grid on multiple map layers and describing the attributes of each grid location. location Used for surface analysis: Contours, Hillshade, Slope, Viewshed, Aspect, and Cut/Fill. Used to answer the question: “What is the best location?”
Data Visualization —Three-dimensional visualization of your GIS data for data exploration l ti and d synthesis th i
California Water—21st Century Gold U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Interactive Navigation —Interactive Interactive navigation tools to explore, display, and query your threedimensional data Surface Creation and Analysis —Creation and analysis of surface data for sophisticated modeling, g, viewing, g, and analysis y
3D Symbols —Support for hundreds of threedimensional symbols to enhance the display and realism of your data
Fly-Through Paths and Animations —Creation of advanced fly-through and animations
ArcPad provides field-based personnel with the ability to capture, analyze, and display geographic information. Can integrate input from GPS receivers, rangefinders, and digital cameras.
Geocoding (Address Matching) Geocoding helps users pinpoint addresses on maps and calculate a route to them. them
With ArcPad StreetMap, StreetMap users have access to
street-level geocoding and scale-dependent reverse geocoding in their ArcPad applications.
Find your location by:
•Tapping on the map display •Typing an address or city name •Using input from a GPS unit g x,y ,y coordinates •Entering
ArcPad Templates Infrastructure and Utility Septic System Inspection Template Sample data is included for parcels parcels, waterlines waterlines, sewer lines, streets, septic, and soils. Storm Water Inlet Inventory Template Included is a data entry form that collects information for inlet type, grate style, ownership, physical condition, road name, and more. Storm Water Management Tool This tool includes a data collection form for recording storm water data in compliance with the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System guidelines. Storm Water Outfall Template Information, such as pipe diameter, system type, material type, and receiving water, can be collected.
Water/Wastewater /
ESRI® Geographic Information System Solutions
ArcGIS Three levels of functionality, y, ranging g g from basic to advanced.
ArcView ArcEditor A I f ArcInfo Each requires a license. license
Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources • Arc Hydro – An ArcGIS data model for water resources – Arc Hydro toolset for implementation – Framework F k for f linking li ki hydrologic simulation models The Arc Hydro data model and application tools are in the public domain
San Antonio Regional g Watershed Modeling g System y “Bring the models together” together
Rainfall Data: Rain gages Nexrad
Floodplain Management
Geospatial Data: City, County SARA, other
Modeling System
Calibration Data: Flows Q y Water Quality
Capital Water q quality y Improvement planning Planning Integrated Flood Regional Water g Forecasting Resources planning
GIS software ft can: reduce operating costs eliminate data redundancy increase data integration and efficiency automate analysis processes access the information in your facilities management system.
Planning support systems Planning support systems can measure and compare performances of indicators for land use, employment, transportation, and natural resources to name a few.
Growth Strategies What if? Scenarios Civil engineers use GIS for work in site development, p , hydraulics, y , hydrology, y gy, surveying, transportation, planning, and public works.
GIS for Planning and Engineering •Water distribution system y planning p g •Population and demand projections •Groundwater management/modeling •Watershed modeling •Water quality monitoring •Hazardous materials tracking •Underground tank management
GIS for Planning and Engineering •NPDES compliance •Well log and data management •Site analysis •Development review and approval •Right-of-way engineering •Water flow analysis y •Automated mapping •Underground service alert
GIS for Infrastructure Management and Construction GIS aids in tracking information related to projects, j t permits, it construction t ti work k order d management, inspections, as-builts, and so forth. Store and display images in conjunction with pipe footage reading and a description of the pipe conditions and defects. Maps, drawings, and pictures can also be associated with valves, manholes, drop inlets, and other features.
GIS for Finance and Administration GIS can be used for tasks such as: •Capital improvement project tracking •Customer information service •Budget forecasting •Facility inventory analysis •Customer billing •Rate justification •Complaint tracking •Real R l property
GIS for Operations and Maintenance Allow users to visualize scheduled work, ongoing activities, recurring maintenance problems, and historical information. Can be used to analyze specific properties or services that h may b be iimpacted d by b such h events as stoppages, main breaks, drainage defects, and so forth GIS can perform many other O&M tasks, including work order and warehouse inventory management
Case Study - San S F Francisco's i '
Peninsula and Alameda Watersheds Management With GIS The San Francisco Bay Area water supply system delivers 200,000 gallons of water per day to Bay Area users via the Hetch-Hetchy Hetch Hetchy system system--from from a source 167 miles distant. distant Officials hired consultants to `design a GIS database which was capable of complete watershed management. The basic data types included: rare or endangered plants and animals archaeological and historic features geology and soils elevation hydrology vegetation habitats fisheries land status roads & trails utilities recreation
Ecology Model
•classification systems for vegetation and wildlife studies •findings g of the sensitive vegetation g and wildlife communities •maps of special-status species
Fire Hazard
•vegetation fuel loads •slope •dwelling d ll d densities maps
Slope Instability
Landslide d l d potentiall was predicted d db by combining b the h d data for soils with the slope maps, then selecting from those resultant soil/slope categories the ones that are rated for severe and very severe erosion
Cultural Sensitivity •historic structures •prehistoric archaeological sites Water Quality Model size of the watershed rainfall intensity drainage buffer zones slopes & soil characteristics vegetative cover wildlife concentrations Soil attributes were analyzed for determining water quality vulnerability to potential contaminations ffrom om bacteria, bacte ia nutrient, n t ient turbidity, t bidit and various volatile organic compounds.
RESULT: Watershed Plan •10 percent of the watershed has no conditions that receive a high sensitivity rating •35 percent have two or more conditions with high g sensitivity ratings. •high sensitivity ratings ratings, their relationship to one another, and to roads and reservoirs directed management policies http://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/spring03articles/gold-in-the-water.html
Better decisions through modeling and mapping our world ESRI
M More Information I f ti on ArcView A Vi GIS can be b found f d at: t http://www.esri.com/index.html http://www.trimble.com/
