Introduction to Information Technology

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Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition. Turban, Rainer & Potter. © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, ... Information Technologies in Modern. Organizations.
Introduction to Information Technology 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 2: Information Technologies in Modern Organizations Prepared by: Roberta M. Roth, Ph.D. University of Northern Iowa Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Chapter Preview ™ In this chapter, we will study: ¾Foundation concepts of information systems in organizations. ¾How information systems help organizations solve problems and seize opportunities. ¾How information systems are managed in organizations. ¾Career opportunities in Information Technology. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Foundation Concepts ™ Information Infrastructure: ¾The physical facilities, services, and management that support all organizational computing resources. • Computer hardware • General-purpose software • Networks and communications facilities • Databases • Information management personnel Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Foundation Concepts (continued) ™ Information Infrastructure (continued) ¾Defines integration, operation, documentation, maintenance, and management of computing resources. ¾Defines how specific computing resources are arranged, operated, and managed.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Foundation Concepts (continued) ™ Information Architecture ¾High-level plan that details • The organization’s information requirements • The way these requirements are being

satisfied.

¾Incorporates information requirements, existing and planned information infrastructure and software applications. ¾Helps ensure that the organization’s IT meets the organization’s strategic business needs. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems ™ Transaction Processing Systems ¾Support/perform routine business events. ¾Collect, store, process, and disseminate basic business transaction data. ¾Provide foundation data for many other systems. ¾May be complex and sophisticated. ¾Essential to business success today. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems, (continued) ™ Management Information Systems ¾Support routine decision making ¾Access, organize, summarize, and display information. ¾Emphasize routine reporting on known and anticipated issues. ¾Also, answer queries and forecast trends.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems, (continued) ™ Support Systems ¾Office Automation – support for office workers ¾Decision Support – support complex, nonroutine managerial decision makers • Executive Information Systems – support

higher-level managers • Group Support Systems – employ Groupware to support people working in groups Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems, (continued) ™ Intelligent Systems ¾Business applications of Artificial Intelligence • Expert systems – capable of solving certain

problems as well as human experts. • Learning systems – can incorporate new information and update their knowledge.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support Organizations ™ First, consider how organizations are

structured: ¾Typically by functional departments ¾Frequently in a hierarchy ¾May be by project or in a matrix structure

™ Information Systems in an organization

are developed to support the way the organization is structured. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support Organizations, (continued) ™ Information systems consist of

numerous applications

¾An application is system developed for a specific purpose

™ Applications and systems can support ¾Individuals / teams ¾Departments ¾Plants / divisions ¾Entire enterprise Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support Organizations, (continued) ™ Information systems can also be

interorganizational ¾Connect two or more organizations having a common interest or business need. ¾Important in facilititating e-commerce.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support People in Organizations ™ IS support needed by people depends

on their role in the organization.

¾Top managers make strategic decisions ¾Middle managers make tactical decisions ¾Line managers make operations decisions ¾Knowledge workers create and integrate knowledge ¾Clerical workers use and manipulate information Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support People in Organizations, (continued)

Insert Figure 2.5 from textbook here

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Resources are Managed in Organizations ™ Information resources encompass many

things, including

¾ Hardware (computers, servers, other devices) ¾ Software (development tools, languages, applications) ¾ Databases ¾ Networks (local area, wide area, Internet, intranet) ¾ Procedures ¾ Physical buildings.

™ Resources are very costly; proper

management is essential.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Resources are Managed in Organizations ™ Responsibility for information resources

shared by IS Department and end users. ™ Organizations must determine who is responsible for planning, purchasing, developing, and maintaining information resources. ™ Cooperation is essential. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Role of the IS Department ™ Shifting from technical to managerial

orientation. ™ Increasing focus on adding strategic value to the organization. ™ As IS is challenged to add strategic value, management of IS becomes more complex. ™ Chief Information Officer (CIO) heads IS in many organizations. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Ways to Ensure IS Department / End User Cooperation ™ Use of steering committee ™ Joint project teams ™ IS presence on executive committee ™ Use of service agreements ™ Information Center ™ Conflict resolution unit

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Career Opportunities in IT ™ Systems Analyst / Developer ™ Webmaster / E-Commerce Specialist ™ Business Analyst ™ Programmer ™ Telecomm / Network Specialist ™ Database Administrator / Specialist ™ System Operations Specialist Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Chapter Summary ™ Information Infrastructure comprised of

all facilities, services, and management that supports all computing resources. ™ Information Architecture details information requirements and how those requirements are being and will be satisfied.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Chapter Summary (continued) ™ Information Systems are classified by

type (TPS, MIS, Support, Intelligent). ™ Information Systems are designed to support the organization’s structure. ™ Information Systems provide support to all levels and types of personnel. ™ Management of IS resources is joint responsibility of IS Dept. and end users. ™ Many career options available in IS. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United Stated Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information herein.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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