Investigation on structural properties of M-type

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It has advantages like eco-friendly and large scale synthesis method12. ... without presence of Aloe vera and Neem leaves extract using a green synthesis route.
Investigation on structural properties of M-type strontium hexaferrite synthesized in presence of neem and aloe-vera plant leaves extract Neha Solanki and Rajshree B. Jotania

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1837, 040004 (2017); doi: 10.1063/1.4982088 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982088 View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apc/1837/1 Published by the American Institute of Physics

Investigation on Structural properties of M-type Strontium Hexaferrite Synthesized in Presence of Neem and Aloe-vera Plant Leaves Extract Neha Solanki1, a) and Rajshree B. Jotania2, b) 1, 2

Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad – 380009, Gujarat, INDIA a)

Corresponding author: [email protected] b) [email protected]

Abstract. M-type strontium hexaferrite powder samples were synthesized using a green synthesis route with and without presence of Aloe vera and Neem leaves extract. The dry brownish precursors of strontium hexaferrite were recovered from a mixed solution of metal salts and leaves extract, heated at 100 °C. The obtained precursors were pre-heated at 500 °C for 4 hrs. followed by final heating at 950 °C for 4 hrs. in a muffle furnace to obtain SrFe12O19 hexaferrite powder. The obtained SrFe12O19 hexaferrite powder samples characterized at room temperature in order to check phase purity and structural properties. XRD analysis confirms that samples prepared without and with Aloe vera leaves extract (heated at 950 °C for 4 hrs.) show formation of α- Fe2O3 and M- phase; while the sample prepared in presence of Neem leaves extract (heated at 950 °C for 4 hrs.) show formation of mono phase of strontium hexaferrite. Lattice parameter (a) and cell volume (V) are found to increase in the samples prepared in presence of Aloe vera and Neem leaves extract.

INTRODUCTION Nano materials have become popular in variety of areas from basic research to various applications in the field of communications, radar absorbing materials, sensors and electronics 1, 2. Many unique properties have been proposed by researcher from nano sized materials3, 4. Strontium hexaferrite is considered as a scientifically suitable material for many technological operations in the field of nano-science devices. Its high electric resistivity, magnetic anisotropy and chemical stability makes Strontium hexaferrite more favorable material to be used instead of other ferrites5. To prepare Strontium hexaferrite various synthesis techniques have been reported including the traditional sol-gel method6, 7, the hydrothermal method8, the chemical co-precipitation method9, the solid-state method10 and the microemulsion method11. Green synthesis method using plants extract is a low cost, non-toxic and an ecological alternative of chemical and physical methods. It has advantages like eco-friendly and large scale synthesis method12. In present paper we report, structural properties of M-type (SrFe12O19) hexaferrite powders synthesized with and without presence of Aloe vera and Neem leaves extract using a green synthesis route. Phase purity and structural properties of prepared strontium hexaferrite samples has been investigated at room temperature using XRD.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Materials A. R. grade of Strontium Nitrate anhydrous (Sr(NO3)2, 99.995 % pure, Sigma Aldrich) and Iron (III) Nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, ACS, ≥ 98 % pure, Sigma Aldrich) were used as starting material. Aloe vera and Neem plant leaves were used to prepare extract solutions.

Functional Oxides and Nanomaterials AIP Conf. Proc. 1837, 040004-1–040004-3; doi: 10.1063/1.4982088 Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1507-2/$30.00

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Material Preparation and Analysis Methodology 35 gm of Aloe vera plant leaves as well as Neem plant leaves were cut separately into fine pieces and then boiled in 100 ml de-ionized water for some time. The resulting extract were filtered and finally used as extracted solutions for preparation of strontium hexaferrite powder. Stoichiometric amount of Sr(NO3)2 and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O were taken and dissolved one by one in Aloe vera and Neem extract solutions separately. The mixed solutions were kept under vigorous stirring for 1 hr. at room temperature and then kept in oil bath at 100 °C till they became dried brownish precursors. Finally, the dried precursors were crushed and heated at 500 °C for 4 hrs. and followed by 950 °C for 4 hrs. in a muffle furnace to obtain SrFe12O19 hexaferrite powders. Structural properties of prepared powder samples were investigated at room temperature using powder X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku) using Cu-Kα radiation (λ =1.5406 Å) at 30.0 kV and 15.0mA in the region of 2θ = 20–80°.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

0

D 0

D

0

0

00 0

0 0

0

With Aloe vera extract 0 D 0 00 0 0

0

0

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0000

D00

0

D

0

D

D 0

D 0

20

00

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( 2 0 14 )

00

0

(220) ( 0 0 16 )

0

(216) (217) ( 2 0 11 ) (218)

00

0- SrFe12O19 D- DFe2O3

With Neem extract

(228) (317) (401) (318)

00

(200) (203)

(103) (006)

Intensity (arb. unit)

0

4)

(209)

1 (1

(205) (206) (207) ( 1 0 11 )

(106) (110) (008) (107)

Structural Properties

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Without extract

0

D

0

40

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D0

00

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2T (degree)

60

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Figure 1.XRD patterns of SrFe12O19 hexaferrite powder samples without extract, with aloe vera extract and with neem extract

The X-ray diffractrogram of SrFe12O19 hexaferrite samples synthesized without and with Aloe vera, Neem leaves extract are shown in Fig. 1. All XRD peaks were indexed using powder-X software. The pattern were indexed to hexagonal magnetoplumbite (M) structure related to the space group P63/mmc having JCPDS-file no. 84-1531. From Fig. 1; it is clear that the samples synthesized without and with Aloe vera leaves extract show the presence of α-Fe2O3 and M-type hexaferrite phases while sample synthesized in presence of Neem leaves extract shows pure phase of SrFe12O19. 2θ values, lattice parameters (a and c), d-spacing, cell volume (V) and crystallite size (Dxrd) of all SrFe12O19 samples listed in Table 1. From table 1 it is clear that the values of lattice parameter (a) and cell volume increase; while crystallite size decreases in samples prepared in presence of leaves extract. The values of lattice parameters (both a and c) for the sample prepared in presence of Neem leaves extract are in agreement with standard JCPDS-file data.

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TABLE 1. 2θ values, d-spacing, lattice parameters (a and c), cell volumes (V)and crystallite size (Dxrd) of SrFe12O19 powder samples prepared without and with Aloe vera, Neem leaves extract

SrFe12O19 sample without extract with Aloe vera extract with Neem extract

Lattice Parameters a (Å) c (Å)

Cell volume V(Å)3

Crystallite Size Dxrd (nm)

% of Mphase

23.078

603.921

45.58

69

5.8532

23.8852

708.674

30.51

74

5.8869

23.0572

692.023

31.90

100

2θ (deg.)

d-spacing (Å)

33.337

2.6855

5.4970

33.323

2.6866

34.212

2.6188

Summary Phase purity and structural properties of SrFe12O19 hexaferrite powder samples, prepared with and without presence of Aloe vera and Neem leaves extract have been investigated at room temperature. It was observed that plant leaves extract plays an important role to get pure phase at low temperature. x SrFe12O19 hexaferrite prepared with Neem leaves extract shows pure M-type hexaferrite phase. x Lattice parameter values are very nearer to standard JCPDS-file for sample prepared in presence of Neem leaves extract. x Crystallite size is found to decrease in SrFe12O19 hexaferrite samples prepared in presence of Aloe vera and Neem leaves extract compared to pure sample prepared without extract. x The values of cell volume found higher in SrFe12O19 hexaferrite samples prepared in presence of Aloe vera and Neem leaves extract compared to pure sample.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was carried out at Department of Physics, University school of sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India under DRS-SAP programme of UGC (Grant No. F.530/10/DRS/2010 (SAP-I)), New Delhi, India.

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