Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187:631 DOI 10.1007/s10661-015-4860-4
Ionic-liquid-based hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction method combined with hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm for speciation and optimized determination of ferro and ferric in environmental water samples Iman Saeidi & Behruz Barfi & Alireza Asghari & Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh & Azadeh Barfi & Moazameh Peyrovi & Maryam Afsharzadeh & Mostafa Hojatinasab
Received: 6 April 2015 / Accepted: 9 September 2015 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Abstract A novel and environmentally friendly ionicliquid-based hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction method combined with a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)–genetic algorithm (GA) strategy was developed for ferro and ferric ions speciation as model analytes. Different parameters such as type and volume of extraction solvent, amounts of chelating agent, volume and pH of sample, ionic strength, stirring rate, and extraction time were investigated. Much more effective I. Saeidi Iranian National Standards Organization, Khorasan-e-Razavi, Mashhad, Iran B. Barfi (*) : A. Asghari Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran e-mail:
[email protected] A. A. Gharahbagh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran A. Barfi Department of Biology, School of Science, Isfahan Payam-e Noor University, Isfahan, Iran M. Peyrovi Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran M. Afsharzadeh : M. Hojatinasab Department of Research and Development of Samen Pharmaceutical Company, Mashhad, Iran
parameters were firstly examined based on one-variable-at-a-time design, and obtained results were used to construct an independent model for each parameter. The models were then applied to achieve the best and minimum numbers of candidate points as inputs for the ANN process. The maximum extraction efficiencies were achieved after 9 min using 22.0 μL of 1-hexyl-3methylimidazol ium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) as the acceptor phase and 10 mL of sample at pH = 7.0 containing 64.0 μg L −1 of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) as the complexing agent, after the GA process. Once optimized, analytical performance of the method was studied in terms of linearity (1.3–316 μg L−1, R2 =0.999), accuracy (recovery= 90.1–92.3 %), and precision (relative standard deviation (RSD)
