J Sports Sci Technol Vol 10 No 2S

J Sports Sci Technol Vol 10 No 2S

 

J Sports Sci Technol Vol 10 No 2S

 

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COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSION This book contains the abstracts of the papers for ICSES2010, The International Conference on Sports & Exercise Science (Pre-ASEAN University Games Conference 2010) on 11th – 14th December 2010 at the Centara Duangtawan hotel, Chiang Mai, Thailand. They reflect the authors’ opinions and are published as presented without change, in the interests of timely dissemination. Their inclusion in this publication does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the organizers.

COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSION: All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the organizer. Copyright© 2010 ICSES2010 organizing committee All rights reserved.

ORGANIZER: College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University 999 Puthamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Phathom. 73170 Tel: (662) 441-4296-8 Fax: (662) 889-3693 Website: http://www.ss.mahidol.ac.th/EN/index.html

CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT: Professional Conference Organizer (PCO) N.C.C. Management & Development Co., Ltd. 60 New Rachadapisek Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand Tel: +66 2 229 3334 Fax: +66 2 229 3346 Email: [email protected]

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Contents

Welcome Messages

iv

Organizing Committee

v

Conference Information

vi

Keynote Lectures

xi

Symposia

xii

Oral Sessions

xv

Poster Sessions

xxi

Absrtacts

2

Proceedings

97

Additional Absrtacts

344

Additional Proceedings

354

Author Index

454

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Welcome Message It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the International Conference on Sports and Exercise Science (ICSES2010). This year, ICSES2010 is the joint conference with the Pre-ASEAN University Games scientific meeting. This conference is a collaboration of the Consortium of Sports Science and Physical Education Deans, the University Boards of Thailand and the Sports Science Society of Thailand. The conference theme, Exercise & Sports as Medicine, is in concurrent with the theme of American College of Sports Medicine to focus on the use of exercises and sports as an effective tool for prevention, treatment and management of various health conditions. In addition, it can lead to numerous improvements in public health. Each day, the conference will start with keynote lectures, followed by symposia and presentations. Besides the well-established scientific program, I hope you have ample opportunities to enjoy the various social and cultural aspects of Chiang Mai, one of the most fascinating and vibrant cities in the northern part of Thailand. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the speakers and all who submitted their works and attend the conference. I hope that the ICSES2010 will be a memorable congress to benefit all the delegates. Yours Sincerely

Arth Nana, MD ICSES2010 Chair Dean, College of Sports Science & Technology Mahidol University

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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chair

Prof. Arth Nana, M.D.

Vice Chair

Asst. Prof. Opas Sinphurmsukskul, M.D.

Scientific Program Chair

Asst. Prof. Dr. Rungchai Chaunchaiyakul

Assoc. Prof Dr. Thyon Chentanez Asst. Prof. Dr. Waree Widjaja

Dr. Metta Pinthong Dr. Weerawat Limroongreungrat

Venue Management and Reception Chair

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Hirunrat

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pranomporn Juangphanich

Mr. Chirawat Paratthakonkun

Finance Chair

Asst. Prof. Ratapan Kanjanarungsan

Mr. Arom Treeraj Ms. Vimolmas Tansathitaya Mrs. Wasana Thongkorn

Dr. Korakod Panich Mr. Chakrit Tharmatuch

Public Relations & IT & Technical Support Chair

Sub Lt. Phavadol

Asst. Prof. Duangjun

Phantayuth

Raktavee Asst. Prof. Tavorn Kamutsri

Secretariat and Committee Dr. Kittipong Poonchob Mr. Monchai Chottidao Ms. Niphawan Wongyai

Asst. Prof. Pannipa Teerakathiti Ms. Rodjana Noojeam

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CONFERENCE INFORMATION 1) Conference Venue: Centara Duangtawan, Chiang Mai, Thailand 132 Loykroh Road, Chang-Klan, Muang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand Tel: +66 53 275 429 Website: http://www.centarahotelsresorts.com/chiangmai_hotels.asp The conference location map & floor plan

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | viii  2) Name Badges You will obtain a Name Badge when you register. Please make sure you wear the badge at all times during the conference activities. The badge allows delegates access to all scientific programs and will be used as your ID for a Gala Dinner. 3) Conference Staff Conference Staff are available to help you and answer questions throughout the conference. All conference staff will easily be identified as they will wear Staff Badge. 4) Lunch & Coffee Breaks Lunch & coffee breaks will be served as per the schedule. Lunch will be in the Tawan restaurant, coffee breaks will be served in the main conference hall. 5) Speaker Ready Room The speaker Ready Room is located at Reception Lounge I Room. All presenters must load their presentations onto ICSES laptops in the speaker ready room according to the schedule. Your PowerPoint presentations will be uploaded onto a central server. 6) Scientific Program A comprehensive scientific program has been prepared for ICSES2010; it consists of 6 Keynote Lectures, 9 symposia, 10 oral sessions with over 60 presentations and 5 poster sessions with over 200 presentations. Oral Presentations All oral presentations (excluding keynotes and symposia) are limited to 12 minutes in total duration consisting 10 minutes presentation and 2 minutes for questions. All presenters are required to use the ICSES2010 laptops and their presentation must be compatible with Microsoft PowerPoint 2003 or later. All presenters must load their presentations onto the laptops in the speaker ready room (a Reception Lounge I ) according to the schedule posted which will be in advance of the oral session. Please test your presentation to ensure it is copied and runs properly. This is particularly if you have video clips or animation as part of your presentations. Please report to the presentation room at least 10 minutes before the commencement of oral session in which you are presenting and introduce yourself to the session chairperson. A laser pointer for the laptop will be provided. The chairperson will ensure you to run to time. Poster Presentations All posters should be prepared in 120 cm by 90 cm and most importantly in Portrait format. Each poster presenter will be provided a poster board number as indicated in the program book to identify the location of their poster within the conference hall. Please ensure you locate your poster in the place assigned to you. The poster should be mounted by the Velcro tape supplied by ICSES2010. Please contact the conference staff if there are any problems. Poster presenters must present at their posters to answer questions during their schedule. Presenters are responsible for the removal of their posters. Poster left behind after this time will be removed and disposed. 6) Transportation Transportation to and from the airport is available via the Super-Highway and Chiang Mai-Hod Road with public taxi service. Transportation service counters are located on the 1st floor opposite domestic and international arrival lounge. Chiang Mai Airport is located a short distance from the city center and songteaw and tuk-tuks are readily available to provide taxi services outside the terminal building. The airport has also a licensed taxi service to get you from the airport to your hotel, generally no more than a 15 minute drive to most city hotels. A metered taxi costs around 120 Baht to the city. For more information, please visit http://www.chiangmaiairportonline.com/ 7) Social Program Welcome Reception & Opening Ceremony: Saturday, 11th December 2010, 17.00 – 19.00 hrs. The welcome reception &Opening ceremony will be held at Chiang Doa room, Centara Duangtawan Hotel ICSES Gala Dinner: Sunday, 12th December 2010, 18.30 – 22.00 hrs. The ICSES2010 Gala dinner will be held in Duangtawan Pavilion, 4th floor (Open Air Roof Top Garden).

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | ix  A mixture of Northern Thai traditional music and dance will be performed. Food and beverage will be served. A cash bar will also be available. Please note that ONE Gala Dinner ticket is included in every category of registration fee, however, the additional ticket is available to purchase at 700 BHT per ticket, from the registration counter by 07.00 – 12.00 hrs.on12 December 2010. Subject to availability 9) Other Important Information Climate Chiang Mai’s climate is tropical but cooler and less humid than in the other parts of the country. The low humidity is the main reason why the air seems more pleasant here. In addition, the temperature difference between day and night and between the seasons is greater than in the other regions. It can get downright cold in December and January. However, all seasons make for a great stay. Electricity Supply Electrical current in Thailand is 220-240 volts, 50 cycles alternating current (AC). You are advised to purchase the appropriate adapters in advance. Shopping Chiang Mai is a shopping paradise, simply because there is such a wide range of unusual goods at knock down prices. The quality is variable but the value for money is undeniable, and most leaves with much fuller luggage than when they arrived. When visiting Thailand, it's advisable to leave your shopping for Chiang Mai. It's considered as one of the cheapest places in Thailand and getting about town is easy. Chiang Mai is one of the handicraft centers of Asia, and not surprisingly many of the market traders from overseas come here to source their goods. Silk, silver, clothing, rattan, ceramics, interior décor, antiques, Buddhist art, lacquer and neilloware—the list of options is endless for shopping in Chiang Mai. The centre of shopping is undoubtedly the Night Bazaar, which takes up several blocks every evening along Chang Klan road. Here you can wander among the countless pavement stalls and arcades admiring the beautifully crafted Northern Thai handicrafts. The more serious can head out to the huge handicraft wholesalers at San Kamphaeng and check out Borsang village with its colorful umbrellas. Baan Tawai to the south of the city is a busy working carving center with some exquisite pieces on display and the best selection of antiques. Those interested in more modern international items, such as gadgets, clothes and multimedia have the choice of two well stocked malls, Kard Suan Kaew and Airport Plaza, as well as computer related items from Panthip Plaza near the Night Market. There are individual shops scattered in tourists areas where you can pick up bargains on everyday items which are made in Asia. Night Bazaar Night Bazaar has long been a must-visit for all visitors to Chiang Mai. Comprising numerous stalls and shops stretching along a long section of Chang Khlan Road, this big famous night market offers many good buys including hill-tribe crafts, hand-woven fabrics, clothes, silver jewelry, antiques, lacquer wares, woodcarvings, pottery, basketry, and other local items. They are typically being made in and around Chiang Mai. Due to the keen competition, buyers can easily make a good bargain here. Borsang umbrella and Thai handicraft village The brightly colored umbrellas of Chiang Mai are a distinctive Thai icon and have made the little village of Borsang, 10kms east of the city, famous. These parasols are delicately crafted from bamboo or cane and exquisitely decorated with colorful pictures or patterns on glazed rice paper covers. They are one of many fine Thai handicrafts. Borsang is little more than a cluster of shop-houses along the area where Doi Saket road meets San Kamphaeng road. It enjoys a steady stream of tourists daily as they come to witness the making of these fine items and other Thai handicrafts and to stock up on traditional souvenirs from northern Thailand. Thai handicrafts make excellent gifts; they are beautifully made, cheap and unique. Choose from brightly dressed hill tribe dolls, ceramics, soaps and candles, ornaments, carvings, textiles, jewelry, lacquerware, rattan baskets and bags, toys and much more. Baan Tawai This crafts village in the district of Hang Dong, 20kms south of Chiang Mai, has traditionally been the center of the handicraft trade in North Thailand and remains one of the busiest of such clusters in the whole of Thailand.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | x  An increasing number of visitors are being bussed in here from Chiang Mai for an all-in-one shopping experience. In addition to covered arcades packed full of shops selling every imaginable handicraft you can think of, the road to Hang Dong is rapidly being lined with individual micro-factories with fantastic showrooms displaying collections of antiques and furniture. Wood is certainly the spirit of this crafts village. The atmosphere in Baan Tawai is very laid-back and relaxed, certainly not reminiscent of a tacky collection of souvenir stands. There are rustic restaurants to retreat to, plenty of traditional old wooden Thai houses to admire, some lovely show-gardens full of sandstone sculptures and lots of cute crafts at astonishing prices. Wualai Walking Street (Saturday Market) The Wualai community has been so far known for its fine silver and lacquer wares. On Saturday evenings, the Wualai Street is closed to traffic making it an open-air showcase for the area's famous handicrafts. It is therefore called Saturday Market. Don't miss a chance to shop for authentic northern silver and lacquer wares as well as other unique handicrafts at the venue. You are recommended to go there from around 4 p.m. on, when the weather is cooling down and most vendors have already set up shops. The market runs to 10 p.m. Customs, VAT and Tax refunds Who can claim VAT refunds? • Is not a crew member of an airline • Departs Thailand by air carrier from an international airport. How to claim a VAT refund? 1. VAT refund only applies to goods taken out of Thailand within 60 days from the date of purchase. 2. The goods must be purchased from stores displaying the "VAT REFUND FOR TOURISTS" sign. 3. On any day, the value of goods purchased at each participating store shall not be less than 2,000 baht, including VAT. The total amount claimed for refund must not be less than 5,000 baht, including VAT.4. On the purchasing day, present your passport and ask the sales assistant at the store to complete the VAT Refund Application for Tourist form (P.P. 10) and attach the original tax invoices to the form. Each application form (P.P. 10) must show a value of 2,000 baht or more. 5. Before departure, present your goods and submit the VAT Refund Application for tourists (P.P.10) form and original tax invoices to the Customs officers for inspection before check-in 6. Valuable goods, such as jewelry, gold ornaments, watches, glasses, or pens must once more be inspected by the Revenue officers at the VAT refund office at the departure lounge after passport control. 7. You can either present your claim to Revenue officers or drop it into the box at the Refund Counter or mail from your home back to the Revenue Department of Thailand. How will the refund be paid? You can choose to receive your refund by Refund amount

Refund method

not exceeding 30,000 baht

cash in Thai baht, draft, credit to credit card account

exceeding 30,000 baht

draft, credit to credit card account

Note You must specify the method of receiving the refund on your form (P.P.10).

The following fees apply to refund requests • For cash refund, a fee of 100 baht. • For draft refund, a fee of 100 baht plus draft issuing fee at the rate charged by banks, and postage. • For credit to credit card account refund, a fee of 100 baht plus money transfer fee at the rate charged by banks, and postage. Important! You cannot claim VAT refunds for the following goods: • prohibited items • firearms, explosives or any similar items • gemstones

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xi  Some Hints Allow yourself adequate time at the airport for the refund process. In case your request for refund by draft or credit to credit card account receives no reply within an appropriate period of time, please contact the The VAT Refund for Tourists Office, Revenue Department, Phahon Yothin Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Tel: 0 2272 9384 to 5, 0 2272 8198 Fax: 0 2617 3559 E-mail: [email protected] VAT Refund Office at Suvarnabhumi International Airport: Concourse D, Gate D1-D4 and D5-D8 at the 4th Fl. The Customs Office: Passenger terminal, the 4th Fl., behind check in counter, Row H. For more information visit http://www.rd.go.th/vrt/process.html

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Keynote Lectures Room: Grand Ballroom

December12, 2010 Chair: Prof. Arth Nana, M.D. Co-chair: Ms. Vimolmas Tansathitaya 9:00am – 9:50 am 9:50 am – 10:40 am

Mr. Kole Gjeloshaj

ROLES OF FISU IN ASEAN UNIVERSITY SPORTS

(Belgium)

Prof. Dr. K. Sathyavelu Reddy (India)

EXERCISE AS ANTI-AGING

December 13,2010 Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vijit Kanungsukkasem Co-chair: Asst. Prof. Dr. Pranomporn Juangpanich 9:00am – 9:50 am

Prof. Dr. Fuzhong Li (USA)

TAI-CHI: A BEHAVIORAL MEDICAL APPROACH TO HEALTH

9:50 am – 10:40 am

Mohamed Bin Hammam (AFC President)

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOTBALL IN ASIA

December 14, 2010 Chair: Asst. Prof. Opas Sinphurmsukskul, M.D. Co-chair: Asst. Prof. Pannipa Teerakathiti 9:00am – 9:50 am

Dr. Chanin Lamsam (Thailand)

POST-INJURY EXERCISE

9:50 am – 10:40 am

Prof. Dr. Alan Hargens (USA)

EXERCISE FOR BONE HEALTH

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Symposia December 12, 2010 15:40 – 17:00 hrs. SYMPOSIUM 1:EXERCISE REGIMENS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION ROOM: Chiang Saen 1-2 MODERATOR: Asst. Prof. Dr. Rungchai Chaunchaiyakul S1-01 15.40

RISK AND COSTS OF PHYSICAL INACTIVITY Prof. Dr. K. Sathyavelu Reddy

S1-02 16.10

EXERCISE FOR WEIGHT CONTROL Prof. Dr. Chia-Hua Kuo

S1-03 16.35

EXERCISE FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND REHABILITATION OF JOINTS Prof. Dr. Alan Hargens

SYMPOSIUM 2: SPORTS NUTRITION FROM BENCH TO BOX ROOM: Chiang Saen 3-4 MODERATOR: Dr. Metta Pinthong S2-01 15.40

FUELLING FOR SUCCESS Alisa Nana

S2-02 16.10

WEIGHT CONTROL IN ATHLETES Assoc. Prof. Jongjit Angkatavanich

S2-03 16.35

PROPER HYDRATION FOR ATHLETES Asst. Prof. Jakkrit Klaphajone, M.D.

SYMPOSIUM3: TRENDS OF MASS SPORTS MANAGEMENT ROOM: Chiang Dao1-3 MODERATOR: Dr. Kittipong Poonchob S3-01 15.40

GLOBAL VIEW POINT Asst. Prof. Dr. Nilmanee Sriboon

S3-02 16.10

VIEW POINT FROM THAILAND Dr. Charuaypon Torranin

S3-03 16.35

MASS SPORT MANAGEMENT IN ASIA Prof. Dr. Yeh Kong-Ting

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December 13, 2010 15.40-17.00 hrs. SYMPOSIUM4: EXERCISE AND MENTAL HEALTH ROOM: Chiang Sean 1-2 MODERATOR: Asst. Prof. Dr. Pranomporn Juangphanich S4-01 15.40

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL HEALTH FOR ELDERLY Prof. Dr. Fuzhong Li

S4-02 16.10

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, MENTAL HEALTH AND CHRONIC ILLNESS Dr. Tony Morris

S4-03 16.35

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL HEALTH IN THAILAND Asst. Prof. Dr. Naruepon Vongjaturapat

SYMPOSIUM 5: SPORTS SCIENCE IN SEPAK TAKRAW ROOM: Chiang Sean 3-4 MODERATOR: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Hirunrat S5-01 15.40

HOW TO APPLY SPORTS SCIENCE IN SEPAK TAKRAW Mr. Chaiyasith Pavilas

S5-02 16.10

GUIDELINE FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN SEPAK TAKRAW: BASED ON OTHER SPORTS SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Asst. Prof. Dr. Pornratshanee Weerapong

S5-03 16.35

APPLICATION OF SPORTS SCIENCE IN SEPAK TAKRAW Mr. Kamol Tunkimhong

SYMPOSIUM 6: PRO. AND CON. IN SPORTS MEDICINE (SPORTS MASSAGE AND PROPHYLACTIC TAPING) ROOM: Chiang Dao 1-3 MODERATOR: Asst. Prof. Opas Sinphurmsukskul, M.D. 15.40-17.00

PRO. AND CON. IN SPORTS MEDICINE (SPORTS MASSAGE AND PROPHYLACTIC TAPING) Korakod Panich, M.D. Chanin Lamsam, M.D. Ead Lorprayoon, M.D. Asst. Prof. Chanakarn Phomphutkul, M.D.

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December 14, 2010 13.30 – 15.00 hrs. SYMPOSIUM 7:BIOMECHANICS OF SPORTS INJURIES ROOM: Chiang Sean 1-2 MODERATOR: Chanin Lamsam, M.D. S7-01 13.30

BIOMECHANICAL MEASUREMENT IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE Dr. Chris Kirtley

S7-02 14.00

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION: BONE-PATELLAR TENDON-BONE VERSUS SEMITENDINOSUS AND GRACILIS TENDON AUTOGRAFT Assoc. Prof. Pongsak Yuktanandana, MD

S7-03 14.30

AN OVERVIEW OF INJURIES IN WEIGHTLIFTING AND WEIGHT TRAINING Asst. Prof. Dr. Samatchai Chamnongkich

SYMPOSIUM 8: DRIVING PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES BY SPORTS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ROOM: Chiang Sean 3-4 MODERATOR: Dr. Weerawat Limroongreungrat S8-01 13.30

SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES : OVERVIEW OF SPORTS SCIENCE/MEDICINE CONSIDERATIONS Prof. Dr. Ben Johnson

S8-02 14.00

ATHLETES WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES: ASIA'S POTENTIAL Assoc. Prof. Dr. James Laskin

S8-03 14.30

SPORTS TECHNOLOGY FOR ATHLETES WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES Dr. Weerawat Limroongreungrat

SYMPOSIUM 9: KEY SUCCESS FACTORS IN SPORTS TRAINING ROOM: Chiang Dao 1-3 MODERATOR: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pratoom Muangmee S9-01 13.30

TENNIS Mr. Thanakorn Srichaphan

S9-02 14.00

FOOTBALL Mr. Chanwit Polcheewin

S9-03 14.30

ATHLETICS Mr. Ekawit Swangpol

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Oral Sessions December 12, 2010 ORAL 1: SPORTS AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY ROOM: Chiang Saen 1-2 TIME: 11:20 – 12:20 hrs CHAIR: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ratee Ruangthai CO-CHAIR: Mr. Monchai Chottidao O1-01 11:20

EFFECT OF EXERCISE INDUCED GENERAL FATIGUE ON KNEE JOINT POSITION SENSE AMONG INDIAN ATHLETES Nallusamy A. &Nagarajan D.

O1-02 11:32

LOWER BODY IMMERSION AT DIFFERENT WATER TEMPERATURES DURING RECOVERY PERIOD ON THERMOREGULATORY PROFLILES AND SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS Khwankerd A., Chaunchaiyakul R., Chentanez T. & Pinthong M.

O1-03 11:44

INJURIES SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS RESPONSE INDUCED BY ECCENTRIC EXERCISE IN THE ATHLETIC YOUNG Hassan E. S. & Jabary A. M.

O1-04 11:56

RAPID PALM COOLING ON PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE DURING SIMULATED TAEKWONDO COMPETITIONS Saovieng S., Widjaja W., Chentanez T. & Chaunchaiyakul R.

O1-05 12:08

DETERMINANT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY HABITUATION AMONG 10-12 YEARS OF AGE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN Jawis M. N. , Hashim H. A., Bistamam N. S. & Wahat N. A. ORAL 2: SPORTS NUTRITION AND EXERCISE ROOM: Chiang Dao 1-3 TIME: 11:20 – 12:20 hrs CHAIR: Dr. Metta Pinthong CO-CHAIR: Mr. Chirawat Paratthakonkun

O2-01 11:20

RELATIONS BETWEEN RESTING METABOLISM AND MAXIMUM FORCE GENERATION Yamauchi J.

O2-02 11:32

ENERGY INTAKE AND PERCENT BODY FAT IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS DURING MID-SEASON Charoenwattana S. & Salipan M.

O2-03 11:44

THE VARIATION OF JUNIOR MALE JUDO PLAYERS BODY COMPOSITION, SPECIFIC ABILITY AND PERFORMANCE DURING WEIGHT LOSS Kao M., Weng C., Chen P. & Lin P.

O2-04 11:56

THE EFFECT OF FLUID CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION ON STRESSING HORMONES, DURING PROLONG EXERCISE IN THE HEAT Sajadian M., Khorshidi Mehr M. & Moini S.

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ORAL 3: SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY ROOM: Chiang Saen 1-2 TIME: 13:30 – 15:06 hrs CHAIR: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Panwira Kwanburanachan CO-CHAIR: Asst. Prof. Rataphan Kanjanarungsan O3-01 13:30

ACUTE EFFECTS OF HYPO-HYDRATION ON MUSCLE ANAEROBIC PEAK POWER AND STRENGTH Mohamed Nashrudin N., Mohd Zulfadli Z., Norazmi R. & Ashril Y.

O3-02 13:42

EFFECT OF RECOVERY POSTURES ON REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCE Pawong C., Chentanez T., Poonchob K. & Pinthong M.

O3-03 13:54

TIME-DEPENDENT EMG POWER SPECTRUM FEATURES OF BICEPS BRACHII DURING ISOTONIC EXERCISE Thongpanja S., Phinyomark A., Phukpattaranont P. & Limsakul C.

O3-04 14:06

THE EFFECT OF SEROTON SHOES ON BLOOD SEROTONIN, GROWTH HORMONE, FREE OXYGEN RADICAL, AND IMMUNE RESPONSES Roh S. K.

O3-05 14:18

DISCRIMINATION OF EYE EXERCISES USING ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY (EOG) SIGNAL Aungsakun S., Phinyomark A., Phukpattaranont P. & Limsakul C

O3-06 14:30

PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS DURING FUTSAL MATCH-PLAY OF THAI ELITE AND AMATEUR PLAYERS Makaje N., Ruangthai R., Arkarapant A. & Yoopat P.

O3-07 14:42

THE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN TABLET INTAKE ON HS-CRP FACTOR OF NON-ATHLETE MALE'S SERUM, AFTER AN EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE Soleimani M. & Aghaei F.

O3-08 14:54

EFFECT OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON VASCULAR INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS IN PREMENOPAUSAL OVERWEIGHT WOMEN Afzal pour M., Nayebifar S., Sagheb joo M. & Hedayati M.

ORAL 4: EXERCISE DM, CVS ROOM: Chiang Dao 1-3 TIME: 13:30 – 15:06 hrs CHAIR: Assoc. Prof. Vijit Kanungsukkasem CO-CHAIR: Korakod Panich, M.D. O4-01 13:30

COMPARISON OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE BETWEEN SINGLE AND DOUBLE LEG ROPE JUMPING EXERCISE Chottidao M. & Limroongreungrat W.

O4-02 13:42

EFFECT OF YOGA AND PRANAYAMA PRACTICE ON THE IGA SUBCLASSES SUPPRESSION BECAUSE OF AEROBIC TRAINING Rajasekhar K. V., Gopikrishna Y., Kamalakar K. S. & Sarojini S.

O4-03 13:54

EFFECTS OF YOGA ON LUNG FUNCTION, BALANCE AND FLEXIBILITY OF RECREATIONAL RUNNERS: FACTORS AFFECTING RUN PERFORMANCE Zee A., Orla G. & Fallows S.

O4-04 14:06

THE EFFECTS OF THE RESPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING BY A RESPIRATORY RESISTANCE TRAINING UNIT Buranapuntalug S., Jalayondeja W., Chaunchaiyakul R., Chuaychoo B. & Thanungkul S.

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O4-05 14:18

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RECOVERY POSTURES ON HEMODYNAMIC AND VENTILATORY RESPONSES AFTER HIGH- INTENSITY EXERCISE Petviset H. & Pinthong M.

O4-06 14:30

ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF THAI HERBACEOUS PLANT (KRACHAI DUM) ON SEXUAL ACTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND HINDIMBS BLOOD FLOWS OF EXERCISE MALE RATS Chaiyakul S. & Jaturapanich K.

O4-07 14:42

A COMPARISON OF POSTERIOR WALL THICKNESS, INTER VENTRICULAR SEPTUM THICKNESS AND RELATIVE WALL THICKNESS OF LEFT VENTRICLE OF HEART IN MALE ATHLETES AND NON ATHLETES Abdi H. & Hajighasemi A.

O4-08 14:54

EFFECT OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION EXERCISE ON FLUCTUATION OF ST SEGMENT, BODY MASS INDEX AND SPORT CAPACITY OF LOW RISK CARDIAC PATIENTS WITH MI Motamedi P., Shariatzade M. & Javanbakhti G.

December 13, 2010 ORAL 5: SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY ROOM: Chiang Saen 1-2 TIME: 11:20 – 12:20 hrs CHAIR: Dr. Subsai Boonveerabut CO-CHAIR: Asst. Prof. Dr. Waree Widjaja O5-01 11:20

RELAXATION MUSIC ON RECOVERY PERIOD Pattanapornchai P., Juangphanich P. & Pidokrajt N.

O5-02 11:32

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL STATE ANXIETY PRIOR TO COMPETITION IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS Hooi L. B. & Singh G. B.

O5-03 11:44

MENTAL TOUGHNESS AND SUCCESSIVE IN SPORT WITH THAI ATHLETES Choosakul C. & Julvanichpong T.

O5-04 11:56

THE RELEVANCE BETWEEN BODY DISSATISFACTION, EXERCISE PATTERNS AND EATING BEHAVIORS Ahmadi S., Sahami M., Heirani A. & Asadian F.

O5-05 12:08

STUDY OF STUDENTS MOTIVATION FOR DOING PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES (HEALTHRELATED FACTORS AGAINST APPEARANCE RELATED FACTORS) Jafari siavashani F., Kamani S. & Behaeen B. ORAL 6: SPORTS MANAGEMENT ROOM: Chiang Dao 1-3 TIME: 11:20 – 12:20 hrs CHAIR: Dr. Sakchai Pitakwong CO-CHAIR: Dr. Kittipong Poonchob

O6-01 11:20

HOW TO SURVIVE IN A PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE? THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR UNIVERSITY-BASED PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL CLUBS IN THAILAND Issadee K.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xix 

O6-02 11:32

SPORTS BUSINESS: PERSPECTIVES OF MALAYSIAN WOMEN'S EXPERIENCES IN SPORT TOURISM PURSUIT Khor P. H., Lim K. C. & Tham Y. C.

O6-03 11:44

ADOLESCENTS' PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PROCESS OF CHANGE VARIABLES Kim Y.

O6-04 11:56

RELATIONSHIP AMONG ATTITUDE, SELF-EFFICACY, MOTIVATION, AND LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATION OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS Chiu L. K., Khor H. P. & Tham C. Y.

O6-05 12:08

A STUDY ON THE RECREATIONAL SPORTS' PARTICIPATION OF STUDENTS AT THU DUC AREA, HOCHIMINH CITY IN VIETNAM Huynh T. T., Bui T. H. & Bui T. T. ORAL 7: SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY ROOM: Chiang Saen 1-2 TIME: 13:30 – 15:06 hrs CHAIR: Asst. Prof. Dr. Naruepon Vongjaturapat CO-CHAIR: Ms.Ampika Nanbancha

O7-01 13:30

A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEMAND FOR WATCHING FOOTBALL IN STADIUMS Javanmardi E. & Noghondarian K.

O7-02 13:42

EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON ENHANCING EXERCISE PERFORMANCE Suwannate C., Juangphanich P. & Pidokrajt N.

O7-03 13:54

ASSESSMENT OF SHYNESS AND MANIFEST ANXIETY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP AMONG UNIVERSITY ATHLETES IN DIFFERENT GAMES D'souza L.

O7-04 14:06

INVESTIGATION OF TEAM COHESION AND SOCIAL POSITION IN FEMALE HOCKEY TEAMS Hamzah N. & Ahmad N.

O7-05 14:18

ASSESSING THE EXERCISE BEHAVIOR OF MALAYSIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS Kee K. M. & Abdllah N. D.

O7-06 14:30

THE EFFECTS OF TWELVE WEEKS AEROBIC EXERCISES ON HAPPINESS, AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NON- ATHLETE FEMALES OF AHWAZ CITY Rismanbaf Z., Bagheri A., Kamoonzade A. & Salvand G.

O7-07 14:42

COMPARISON OF THE BASIC MOTOR ABILITIES & SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIRST GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BOYS WHO ATTENDED PRE-SCHOOL WITH THOSE WHO DID NOT Mohammadi domieh A. & Khajehlandi A.

O7-08 14:54

EEG AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES FOLLOWING NEUROFEEDBACK TRAINING IN NOVICE ARCHERS Eskandarnejad M., Abdoli B., Nazari M., Mousavi M. & Abdavi F.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xx 

ORAL 8: SPORTS MEDICINE, SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION ROOM: Chiang Dao 1-3 Time: 13:30 – 14:54 hrs CHAIR: Asst. Prof. Dr. Rungchai Chaunchaiyakul CO-CHAIR: Asst. Prof. Duangjun Phantayuth O8-01 13:30

THE DIFFERENCES OF KNEE/ANKLE PROPRIOCEPTION BETWEEN WEIGHT/NONWEIGHT BEARING CONDITIONS IN HEALTHY FEMALES Wang C., Li C., Tsai Y., Lin W. & Lee A.

O8-02 13:42

EFFECT OF 6 WEEKS WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EXERCISE ON FUNCTIONAL FITNESS IN THE ELDERLY Chen W. C., Chen W. C., Chia P. S., Chiu P. K. & Wang S. W.

O8-03 13:54

BLOOD CHEMISTRY AND MUSCLE PROFILES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS FOLLOWING 3 MONTHS HOME-BASED WALKING PROGRAM Ponngeon O., JalayondejaW., Chaunchaiyakul R., Vareesangthip K., Lumlertgul D.& Nakum S.

O8-04 14:06

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ANKLE TAPING AND BRACING ON PLANTAR PRESSURE DURING RUNNING Lin W., Kuo C., Hung Y. & Cheng J.

O8-05 14:18

THE EFFECTS OF INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING AND THORACIC MUSCLE STRETCHING ON INSPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LUNG FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTS Sriwannawit P., Suvannapura A. & Leelasumlan W.

O8-06 14:30

THE EFFECTS OF TABLE TENNIS TRAINING ON DYNAMIC VISUAL ACUITY Lin K., Liu Y., Lin W. & Lee A.

O8-07 14:42

THE EFFECT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND AQUA-THERAPY ON PAIN, FUNCTIONAL STATUS, AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN WITH THE UNILATERAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS Paziraei S. & Daryanoush F.

O8-08 14:54

COMPARISON OF BALANCE BETWEEN STRIDE LEG AND TRAIL LEG IN BASEBALL PITCHERS Cheng J., Lin W. & Chung Y.

December 14, 2010 ORAL 9: SPORTS AND CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS ROOM: Chiang Saen 1-2 Time: 11:20 – 12:20 hrs. CHAIR: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Hirunrat CO-CHAIR: Sub Lt. Phavadol Raktavee O9-01 11:20

KINEMATICS AND EMG ACTIVITIES DURING FREE-THROW SHOOTING IN BEGINNER AND ADVANCED WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL PLAYERS Jamkrajang P., Limroongreungrat W., Pinthong M. & Jalayondeja W.

O9-02 11:32

DIFFERENCES OF SHOULDER ISOKINETIC STRENGTH BETWEEN FEMALE TENNIS ATHLETES AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS Fan chiang W., Cheng C., Huang M., Liang L. & Lee A.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxi 

O9-03 11:44

IMPULSE MOMENTEM RELATIONSHIP IN PERFORMING SPRINT START FOR SPRINTERS Kilani H. A. & Abu al-tuieb M.

O9-04 11:56

THE EFFECTS OF PILATES TRAINING ON DANCE AND JUMP PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG DANCER Wang Y., Guo S., Lin W. & Lee J.

O9-05 12:08

A DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC AGILITY TESTING EQUIPMENT FOR THAI ELDERLY Lawsirirat C., Suputtitada A., Janwatanakul P. & Tongterm T. ORAL 10: SPORTS CONDITIONING, COACHING AND TRAINING ROOM: Chiang Dao 1-3 Time: 11:20 – 12:20 hrs. CHAIR: Dr. Wipoj Chansem CO-CHAIR: Asst. Prof. Arom Treeraj

O10-01 11:20

THE EFFICIENT MODELS AND LEARNING BEHAVIOR FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT Kuna-apisit W.

O10-02 11:32

PHYSICAL FITNESS OF WAI KHRU RAM MUAY THAI AND YOGA TRAININGS IN YOUNG THAI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Krasaesieng P., Widjaja W. & Thanee N.

O10-03 11:44

EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FOCUS TRAINING ON FOOT-STRIKE PATTERNS IN RUNNING Woo M. T., Chow J. Y., Koh M. & Davids K.

O10-04 11:56

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CLASSROOM OF BACHELOR DEGREE'S STUDENT IN FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY, THAILAND Sota C.

O10-05 12:08

VALIDITY OF YOYO TEST IN ESTIMATING MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AMONG ELITE SOCCER PLAYER Sulaiman N., Nasir M. & Hashim A.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxii 

Poster Sessions December 12, 2010 10:40-11.20 hrs. P1-01

EFFECT OF 8 WEEKS AEROBIC TRAINING ON PLASMA VISFATIN IN STUDENTS 20-30 YEARS Khajehlandi A. & Mohammadi domieh A.

P1-02

THE EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM COCOA SUPPLEMENTATION ON CYCLIST’S BLOOD’S FIBRINOGEN AFTER AN AEROBIC EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE Soleimani M., Aghaei F., Atashak S. & Mehdivand A.

P1-03

EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY ON SERUMIC HSCRP IN UNTRAINED MALES Pourrazi H., Nikookheslat S., Rahbaran A., Tarmahi V. & Ahmadi F.

P1-04

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS ON BONE MASS ACCRUALS IN GROWING CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Foo L.

P1-05

METHYLPHENIDATE AND EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE: A STUDY ON LYMPHOCYTES OF MALE RAT Kamoonzadeh A., Bagheri A., Aziziyeh N., Rismanbaf Z. & Salvand G.

P1-06

ACUTE RESPONSES OF SERUM CORTISOL & IMMUNOGLOBULIN A Ghaderi M., Azarbayjani M., Faraji H., Rahimi R., Atashak S. & Sharafi H.

P1-07

EFFECTS OF A 6-WK ABDOMINAL EXERCISE PROGRAM ON BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM LIPIDS IN OBESE WOMEN Tadibi V. & Sure mirinezhad K.

P1-08

THE EFFECT OF 8 WEEKS AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON THE ECG CHANGES OF NON ATHLETIC FEMALE STUDENTS IN ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY OF GACHSARAN Salehi M. & Khajehlandi A.

P1-09

EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SOME CARDIORESPIRATORY FACTORS Zahedmanesh F.

P1-10

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATION AND VASOMOTOR RESPONSES OF HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS TO STIMULI USED IN CONVENTIONAL VASCULAR RESPONSE TESTING Chentanez T., Suknantasak P., Kaimuk P. & Yimlamai T.

P1-11

THE EFFECT OF EIGHT WEEKS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ENDURANCE, RESISTANCE AND CONCURRENT ON SELECTED BLOOD FACTORS AND MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION Barari A. & Bashiri J.

P1-12

EFFECT OF CHANGES OF THE MUCOSAL IMMUNE FACTORS IN SOCCER PLAYERS Mehdivand A., Soleimani M. & Barzegari A.

P1-13

THE EFFECT OF METHYLPHENIDATE WITH AN EXHAUSTIVE SESSION ON THE MONOCYTE AND LEUKOCYTE'S OF MAL RAT Kamoonzadeh A. & Aziziyeh N.

P1-14

CONSTRAINTS OF PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN TAIPING, PERAK Rozita , A.L., Azlina Z , Nurul Nadiah, S , & Maizan M.N

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxiii 

P1-15

SURVEYING THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ELDERLY QUALITY OF LIFE Zar A. , Sharififar F. , Jamalian Z. , Ebrahim K. & Ahmadi F.

P1-16

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF WATER INTAKE WITH DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES DURING HOT YOGA Auamchan C., Widjaja W. & Chaunchaiyakul R.

P1-17

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS RELATED TO OBESITY IN CHILDRENS AND ADOLESCENTS IN DIFFERENT CITIES OF IRAN Naghshbandi S. , Kashkooli V. & Ahmadi F.

P1-18

ISOMETRIC FORCE DYNAMOMETRY AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF YOUNG ELITE ASIA AND WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP WEIGHTLIFTERS Meamarbashi A. & Azimi F.

P1-19

EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON PLYOMETRIC DRYBL SPEED AND LOWER BODY EXPLOSIVE POWER FOOTBALL PLAYERS AHVAZ Mohamadpour R.

P1-20

THE EFFECT OF A PERIOD OF SELECTED AEROBIC PRACTICE ON THE VO2 MAX OF MEN BETWEEN (40-50) YEARS Heidari E., Khajehlandi A. & Reza zadeh P.

P1-21

THE CONTRIBUTION OF SELECTED BODY COMPOSITION, BODY SHAPE, AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC VARIABLES TO PERFORMANCE Matinhomaee H.

P1-22

THE EFFECTS OF PILATES TRAINING ON DYNAMIC AND STATIC POSTURAL CONTROL IN YOUNG DANCERS Wang Y., Ching H., Lin W. & Lee A.

P1-23

EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON PLY METRIC ANAEROBIC POWER AND BODY COMPOSITION OF HIGH SCHOOL BASKETBALLISTS Balouchy R.

P1-24

THE EFFECTS OF ACTIVITY RELATED FATIGUE ON ATHLETE'S DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL ABILITY Mohd hashim A. , Ibrahim H. , Zainuddin Z. & Lee A.

P1-25

STUDY OF PHYSICAL-MOTOR READINESS OF GIRLS STUDENT OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY Iranshahi F.

P1-26

PREVALENCE OF OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT OF IRAN Kashkooli V., Naghshbandi S., Moradi J. & Farokhroo N.

P1-27

ANTHROPOMETRICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IRANIAN ELITE WOMEN BADMINTON PLAYERS Esfarjani F., Soltani N. & Marandi M.

P1-28

EFFECT OF TWO MONTHS AEROBIC TRAINING ON SERUM HS-CRP IN NON- ATHLETE FEMALES Aghaei F. & Soleimani M.

P1-29

THE EFFECT OF INTERVAL AND CONTINUES AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN WELL TRAINED ATHLETE Motamedi P., Rajabi H. & Shariatzade M.

P1-30

A DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD AND AN ELECTRONIC FLEXIBILITY TESTING EQUIPMENT FOR PEOPLE Tongterm T. & Suputtitada A.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxiv 

P1-31

THE STUDY OF CERVICAL CURVATURE IN FORWARD HEAD POSTURE Keavanloo F. , Seyedahmadi M., Pejhan A., Kooshan M. & Hambooshy L.

P1-32

FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT INSTRUCTIONS INTERVENTION ON GROSS MOTOR TO GROUP WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES Zainuddin Z. A., Ibrahim H. & Latif M. F.

P1-33

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SOME INJURIES AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION COLLEGE STUDENTS Kasbparast Jui Ray M.

P1-34

THE EFFECT OF 8 WEEKS SELECTED TRAININGS ON SOME DISORDERS OF WALKING GROWING PATTERN ON 3 - 5 KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN IN ISFAHAN Asadi F. & Asadi farsani F.

P1-35

CLOSED-KINETIC CHAIN EVALUATION OF ANKLE JOINT PROPRIOCEPTION IN ATHLETES WITH FUNCTIONAL ANKLE INSTABILITY Amini aghdam S., Sheikh esmaeili S. & Behpoor N.

P1-36

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GENERAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE AND INACTIVE GOVERNMENTAL EMPLOYEES IN IRAN Eshraghi H. & Salehi L.

P1-37

COMPARISON OF MEN'S AND WOMEN'S VARSITY Singh D. K.

P1-38

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ERGONOMICS DESIGN, BURNOUT, WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETON DISORDERS AND JOB SATISFACTION OF FINANCIAL WORKERS IN BANGKOK AND VICINITY. Poonchob K., Teerakathiti P. & Pinthong M.

P1-39

ASSESSMENT & RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH & HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPONENTS IN GUILAN UNIVERSITY PERSONNEL

 Modjataba mohamad zadeh P1-40

METHYLPHENIDATE AND EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE: A STUDY ON NEUTROPHILES OF MALE RAT Kamoonzadeh A.

Dcember 12, 2010 15:00 – 15:40 hrs. P2-01

P2-02

EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE SPRINT SWIMMING RECORDS AND MUSCLE STRENGTH OF MALE COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS. Asady K., Babai sadati S., Azizi M., Abaszade H. & Zameni L. EFFECT OF ENDURANCE, RESISTANCE AND CONCURRENT TRAINING ON FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PLASMA LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE AND CREATINE KINASE ACTIVITY OF UNTRAINED MEN STUDENTS. Barari A. & Alavi H.

P2-03

EFFECT OF COCOA SUPPLEMENTATION ON PLATELET FACTORS (PLT, MPV, PDW) OF ATHLETE MALE’S BLOOD AFTER AN AEROBIC EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE Soleimani M. & Aghaei F.

P2-04

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SLEEP QUALITY OF TAIWAN MIDDLE-AGED PEOPLE Chen W. H. & Yu C. F.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxv 

P2-05

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND NUTRITION BEHAVIORS AND FAMILY BASED WITH OBESITY AMONG 12-14 YEARS OLD GIRLS IN TEHRAN Matinhomaee H. & Alipour S.

P2-06

A COMPARISON OF LVEDS,LVEDD,SWT,PWT,LVM,SV,EF AND HR CHANGES OF LEFT HEART VENTRICLE OF FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS OF KHUZESTAN SUPERIOR LEAGUE DURING REGULAR TRAINING AND LONG-TERM DETRAINING Khorshidi mehr M., Sajadian M. & Sepasi H.

P2-07

THE SURVEY OF THE EFFECT AEROBIC EXERCISES ON FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF HEART IN DIABETIC MALE RATS Khajehlandi A.

P2-08

THE EFFECT OF BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION BEFORE EXERCISE ON SERUM CREATINE KINASE Chen S. Y. & Lin J. C.

P2-09

EFFECT OF HONEY SUPPLEMENTATION ON RPE, HR, GLUCOSE, INSULINE AND SERUM CORTISOL BEFOR CYCLING ACTIVITY Ghaderi M., Sharafi H., Rahimi R. & Atashak S.

P2-10

EFFECT OF COCOA SUPPLEMENTATION ON ATHLETE'S BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS AFTER AN INCREMENTAL EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE Soleimani M., Sattarzadeh L. & Aghaei F.

P2-11

EFFECT OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CHALLENGE ON CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN WOMEN WITH DIFFERING FITNESS Mehranpour A. B., Hasani S. A., Azarbayjani M. A., Tojari F. A., Marjani M. E., Didari J. A. & Ghasemi S. H.

P2-12

CORRELATES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: FOCUS ON FUN SEEKING AND GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY Suh K.

P2-13

THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN RECOVERY FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL EXERCISE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS Park J., Suh K. & Lee J.

P2-14

THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE INGESTION ON BLOOD LACTATE CONCENTRATION, PH AND ANAEROBIC POWER IN YOUNG TAEKWONDO PLAYERS Hashemvarzi S.

P2-15

THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON LACTATE CONCENTRATION IN DIFFERENT TIME COURSES DURING RECOVERY Moeini-shbestari M. & Kaviani M.

P2-16

ACTIVE KYOGLE - AN AUSTRALIAN RURAL COMMUNITY IN ACTION Coulston S. & Anderson P.

P2-17

COMPARISON BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF MALE PUPILS OF INTERMEDIATE LEVEL IN COASTAL AREAS AND UPLAND Alavi S., Alavi S., Ghzalian F. & Barari A.

P2-18

STUDY ON THREE TYPES OF CONCURRENT ( STRENGTH & ENDURANCE ), STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE TRAINING LOAD CHANGES ON THE PERFORMANCE AND MOOD INDICES IN THE MALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS Alborz S. A., Ravasi A. R., Nikbakhsh R. N. & Taghibeikzadeh P. T.

P2-19

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN EFFECT OF USE BOTH BALL MACHINE AND MULTI-BALL TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE LEVEL OF BASIC STROKES FOR TABLE TENNIS JUNIORS Mansour Youssef S. G.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxvi 

P2-20

THE EFFECT OF STRENGTH AND VELOCITY TRAINING ON RANGE OF MOTION IN THE MALE ELITE FIGURE SKATERS Behaeen B. B., Taghibeikzadeh P. T., Sameh H. S., Babaie R. B. & Ebrahimi F. E.

P2-21

A SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF OVERTRAINING INCIDENCE IN IRANIAN ELITE ATHLETES Alavi S., Ebrahim A., Alavi S., Ghzalian F., Barari A. & Gamshidi S.

P2-22

THE EFFECT OF LEG-RAISING RECOVERY ON BODY TEMPERATURE FOLLOWING HIGH-INTENSITY INTERMITTENT EXERCISE Tikamram J., Chuanchaiyakul R., Widjaja W. & Pinthong M.

P2-23

THE EFFECTS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON SOME OF PERFORMANCE AND STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS IN YOUNG BODYBUILDERS Mansouri M. , Abdi H. & Syamikhezri M.

P2-24

THE COMPARISON OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE SYSTEM, LIPID AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF ZOURKHANEH ATHLETES, KARATECA PRACTITIONERS AND SEDENTARY MEN Naghizadeh H.

P2-25

EFFECT OF AN EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE AND GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION INTAKE ON SERUMIC HS-CRP IN NON-ATHLETE Pourrazi H., Jafari A., Aghaei F. & Ahmadi F.

P2-26

EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON SERUM HS-CRP OF NON-ATHLETE MALES, AFTER AN INCREMENTAL EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE Aghaei F. & Soleimani M.

P2-27

THE EFFECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING ON SPEED AND AGILITY PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE INDIVIDUALS Tsai Y., Lee C., Chen M., Liang L. & Lee A. J.

P2-28

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM STRENGTH LOWER EXTERIMITY WITH BALANCE IN YOUNG MEN ATHLETES. Sokhangooei Y. , Sadeghiboroujerdi S. , Hajebi H. & Boobani B.

P2-29

THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING INSTRUCTION ON BALANCE OF BLIND WOMAN Ebrahimi F. E., Sadeghi H. S., Taghibeikzadehbadr P. T. & Babaie R. B.

P2-30

OBJECTIVITY, RELIABILITY, AND VALIDITY OF THE BENT-KNEE PUSH-UP FOR GIRLS PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AGE 10, 11 AND 12 YEARS OLD Madon M. S. & Hashim A. A.

P2-31

THE EFFECTS OF INCREASING LOAD OF EXERCISE IN SHORT PERIOD ON TESTOSTERONE TO CORTISOL RATIO AND MOOD STATE IN PROFESSIONAL MALE SOCCER PLAYERS Taghibeikzadebadr P. T., Azarbayjani M., Tojari F., Beikzadeh H. & Babaie R.

P2-32

DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND EXERCISE CAPACITY IN HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS Carvalho V. O., Junior O. G., Guimaraes G. V., Vieira M. & Bocchi E. A.

P2-33

THE EFFECTS OF BODY FAT ON RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS IN THE NORMAL AND OVERWEIGHT WOMEN Afzalpour M., Keshtidar M. & Pirghazi E.

P2-34

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BODY POSITIONS IN QUADRICEPS RESISTANCE EXERCISES ON RATE-PRESSURE PRODUCT (RPP) IN TRAINED MALES Pourrazi H., Jafari A., Zamani sani S., Zar A. & Ahmadi

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxvii 

P2-35

FACTORS RELATED TO INCIDENCE OF WRESTLING INJURIES FROM THE WRESTLERS POINT OF VIEW Tadibi V. & Moghanlou D.

P2-37

THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE- MOTOR ACTIVITIES ON SPEED AND LENGTH OF WALKING IN 3 - 5 YEARS OLD CHILDREN Asadi F. & Asadi farsani F.

P2-38

THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC TRAINING AND DIET ON CARDIOVASCULAR BIOMARKERS AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE WOMEN WITH HYPERTENSION Rahimian mashhad Z. & attarzadeh hosseini

P2-39

THE EFFECT OF COCOA POWDER ON FIBRINOGEN AND PLATELET FACTORS OF NON-ATHLETE MALE'S BLOOD, AFTER AN INCREMENTAL EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE Soleimani M. , Aghaei F. , Mehdivand A. & Atashak S.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxviii 

December 13, 2010 10:40-11.20 hrs. P3-01

COMPARISON OF MENTAL HEALTH BETWEEN ATHLETE AND NON-ATHLETE STUDENTS OF IRAN Ahmadi S., Ardalan N., Ali abadi S., Naghshbandi S., Nabavi nik M. & Jabari N.

P3-02

COMPETITIVE STATE ANXIETY COMPARED BEFORE PRACTICE WITH BEFORE COMPETITION IN FREE STYLE WRESTLERS. Salvand G., Kamoonzadeh A., Bagheri A. & Rismanbaf Z.

P3-03

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS(EXTRAVERSIONINTRAVERSION)AND PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE IN ELITE ATHLETE,NONELITE ATHLETE AND NONATHLETE Salehi Y., Shahbazi M., Salehi M. & Khajehlandi A.

P3-04

A COMPARISON OF SENSATION SEEKING AMONG DIFFERENT GROUPS OF ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETE STUDENTS Teymori S., Seyedahmadi M., Keavanloo F. & Hambooshy L.

P3-05

COMPARISON OF TRAIT AGGRESSION OF MALE STUDENT IN SOLO STAND OF BADMINTON WITH VOLLEYBALL TEAM PAYAM NOOR UNIVERSITY OF SARI Barzegari A., Mehdivand A. & Abedi phiruzjayi G.

P3-06

STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETITION EMOTIONS AND SELF TALK PERFORMANCE IN ELITE MALE WRESTLING Jafari siavashani F., Tojari F., Kamani S., Jafari siavashani F. & Abdolvahabi Z.

P3-07

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CREATIVE THINKING WITH STUDYING HABITS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION APPLICATION STUDENTS & TEACHERS Salman T. D. & Mahmoud B. K.

P3-08

A COMPARISON OF THE HAPPINESS BETWEEN ATHLETE GIRL STUDENTS AND NON ATHLETE GIRL STUDENTS Reshadaoghani Z. & Syamikhezri M.

P3-09

STUDY AND COMPARISON OF MENTAL HEALTH AND RELEVANT REASONS IN ATHLETE AND NON ATHLETE BOYS AND GIRLS STUDENTS Seyedahmadi M., Taheri H., Keavanloo F., Taherzadeh J. & Koushan M.

P3-10

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORMS FOR MENTAL TOUGHNESS IN THAI NATIONAL ATHLETES AND THAI ATHLETES Pattanamontri C.

P3-11

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND EXERCISE ADHERENCE IN BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION/ INHIBITION SYSTEM Lim H., Huh J., Song K. & Chung S.

P3-12

MASSIVE AMOUNT OF PRACTICE AND SPECIAL MEMORY REPRESENTATIONS, "RETURN TO MOTOR PROGRAM" HYPOTHESIS Nabavi nik M., Taheri H. & Moqadam A.

P3-13

GENDER DIFFERECES IN THE EFFECTS OF AROMA ON MOOD STATES AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE AFTER SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE Nanbancha A., Juangphanich P. & Choosakul C.

P3-14

THE ROLE OF AEROBIC ACTIVITIES ON STUDENTS STRESS IN ESFAHAN, IRAN Serjuee Z. & Eshraghi H.

P3-15

A STUDY ON THE PROTO-EXPERIENCE IN SPORT Okuda A.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxix 

P3-16

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOUR GROUPS COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOUR GROUPS OF ALZAHRA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARD PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORTS Azarnoush B. , Mozafari A. , Jafari siavashani F. & Kamani S.

P3-17

THE VALUES IN THE ATHLETIC FIELD AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR FOR THE HANDBALL PLAYERS Al-wattar N. S. & Al-sumaida'i T. T.

P3-18

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEISURE TIME SPORTS ACTIVITIES WITH MENTAL HEALTH OF TEACHERS Rouhani A., Zarei A. & Ghafouri F.

P3-19

THE EFFECTS OF SUCCESSIVE OFFICIAL COMPETITIONS ON SALIVARY CORTISOL AND IMMUNOGOLOBULIN A IN GIRL HANDBALL PLAYERS Asadi F. & Asadi farsani F.

P3-20

SIBLING RESEMBLANCE FOR PHYSICAL FITNESS AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN JAPANESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Okuda E.

P3-21

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS INTENSITY OF SPECIFIC BADMINTON FATIGUE ON SHORT AND LONG SERVICE ACCURACY IN MEN EXPERT BADMINTON PLAYERS Samadi H., Seyedahmadi M., Keayvanlou F., Taheri H. & Hambooshy L.

P3-22

VERY HIGH EFFORT INFLUENCE UPON THE LEVEL OF REMEMBERING SENSITIVITY INTIME AND REACHING THE DISTANCE FOR SOCCER PLAYERS Mahmood M. A. & Omar A. F.

P3-23

THE PREFERRED ATTACK STYLE OF SABER FENCERS Juangphanich P., Kluensuwan P., Kluensuwan A., Nanbancha A.

P3-24

IMPACTS OF GENDER AND DOMICLIE ON MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS FOR EXERCISE PARTICAPTION- A CASE STUDY OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS Rajeswaran N.

P3-25

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND TENDENCY IN SPORT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT SCIENCE STUDENTS Behaeen B. B, Tojarie F. T., Sameh H. S., Taghibeikzadehbadr P. T. & Babaie R. B.

P3-26

THE COMPARISON OF SPORT COMPETITION ANXIETY OF ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN THE 2THS STUDENTS SPORT OLYMPIAD OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITIES 9 REGION Hambooshy L., Seyedahmadi M., Keavanloo F., Kamal ahmadi A., Pymani R., Byhaghi H. & Keramati H.

P3-27

RELATIONSHIP AMONG SENSATION SEEKING, EXERCISE EMOTION, BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION/ INHIBITION AND EXERCISE ADHERENCE IN PARTICIPANTS OF LIFE TIME SPORTS Huh J., Lim H., Chung S. & Song K

P3-28

RANKED DICISION FACTORS OF SCUBA DIVING TOURISTS Teerakathiti P.& Keawaiyut U.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxx 

December 13, 2010 15:00 – 15:40 hrs. P4-01

THE SURVEY OF THE EFFECT AEROBIC EXERCISES ON FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF HEART IN DIABETIC MALE RATS OF SPRAGUE DAWELY-ALBINO SPECIES Khajehlandi A. & Mohammadi domieh A.

P4-03

DESIGN & MANUFACTURING A COMPUTERIZED MULTIFUNCTION DYNAMOMETER Meamarbashi A.

P4-04

COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME BASIC SKILLS AND COGNITIVE ACQUISITION IN HANDBALL ACCORDING TO THE PREVAILING BRAIN HEMISPHERE Altaie E. H.

P4-05

COACHING ATHLETES WITH DISABILITIES: IMPORTANT GUIDELINES IN COACHING AND TRAINING METHODOLOGY Nagoor M. A, Rozita A.L & Hisyam C.M

P4-06

EFFECT OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA ON DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS (DOMS) Yusof A. J. & Ahmad N.

P4-07

THE EFFECT OF 8-WEEK AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAMME ON PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Aghaie m., Alijani E., Majdi-nassab N., Goharpey S. & Babadi M.

P4-08

EXERCISE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MS Aghaie m., Alijani E., Mamajdi-nassab N., Goharpey S. & Babadi M.

P4-09

THE SURVEY OF SELECTIVE MOVEMENT THERAPY EFFECTIVENESS ON DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL OF THE PATIENTS WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME Balouchy R.

P4-10

THE SURVEY OF LOWER EXTREMITY ALIGNMENT IN THE ATHLETES AFFECTED BY SHIN SPLINT Balouchy R.

P4-11

THE INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF A PERIOD OF PHYSICAL THERAPY BASED ON BALANCE AND GAIT IN PATIENTS HAVING PARKINSON Taherzadeh J., Taheri H., Seyedahmadi M. ,Keavanloo F. ,Pejhan A. & Hambooshi L.

P4-12

ARE NAVICULAR DROP AND GENU RECURVATUM RISK FACTORS FOR INJURY OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT IN ATHLETES Amini aghdam S. , Baturak K. & Moradi F.

P4-13

A SURVEY OF INJURIES PREVALENCE IN VARSITY VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS Singh S. K.

P4-14

COMPARISON OF PASSIVE HEAT AND RELAXATION IMPLEMENTATION TOWARDS BODYLY RESPONSE (BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART BEAT) Zainuddin Z. A. , Ibrahim H. & Harme N. H.

P4-15

THE EFFECT OF CORRECTIVE EXERCISE PROGRAM ON FLAT FOOT DEFORMITY OF MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS. Kouhi F. , Abbaszadegan M.

P4-16

ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENCE OF KYPHOSIS DISORDERS IN STUDENTS Ghorbani L. & Mohammadi

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxi 

P4-17

CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS (CHD) IN NON ATHLETE OBESE YOUTH Bagheri A., Kamoonzadeh A., Rismanbaf Z. & Salvand G.

P4-18

EXERCISE MAINTENANCE IN WOMEN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS ADOPTING GUOLIN QIGONG Tan abdullah N. D.& Muhamad M.

P4-19

MOTIVATION-CREATING METHODS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICIENCY Sedaghati S.

P4-20

STUDY OF SPENDING LEISURE TIME (LT) OF HIGH INCOME YOUNGER GIRLS AGED 20 TO 25 IN TEHRAN WITH EMPHASIS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES Jafari siavashani F., Jafari R. & Kamani S.

P4-21

THE METHOD OF SPENDING LEISURE TIMES OF STUDENTS OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY BRANCH OF BUSHEHR, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SPORT ACTIVITIES Hashemi F., Hamidi M. , Ershadi R. & Jahaneyan M.

P4-22

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PERCEIVED GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY AND PERCEIVED ACHEIVEMENT MOTIVATION OF FEMALE ELITE FOOTBALL PLAYERS. Poonchob K. & Chanklapruk K.

P4-23

CORRELATION OF RANKED DECISION FACTORS ON PURCHASING CHOICE FOR SPORTS APPAREL BETWEEN UNDERGRADUATE FEMALE STUDENTS AND WORKING WOMEN Teerakathiti P. & Poonchob K.

P4-24

THE COMPARATIVE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE CONSUMERS' PREFERENCE ON BUYING DECISION OF SPORTS SHOE. Poonchob K. & Pholsri N.

P4-25

WOMEN IN SPORT MANAGEMENT: INCREASED PRESENCE THROUGH HRM STRUCTURES KAMANI S., TOJARI F., JAFARI SIAVASHANI F. & KAMALI S.

P4-26

STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN MEN SPORT MANAGERS ' PERSONALITY CHARACTERS WITH JOB SATISFACTION Kamani S., Jafari siavashani F., Kamani S. & Same H.

P4-27

THE INVESTIGATION OF MANAGERS LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH EMPLOYMENTS COMMITMENT AND GROUP COHESION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION OF IRAN Moharamzadeh M. , Nori S. & Naghshbandi S.

P4-28

INVESTIGATING THE REASONS OF CAUSING BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN WRESTLING AND FUTSAL'S SPECTATORS Zahedmanesh F.

P4-29

DESIGNING THE SCALE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE FOR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS IN THE BRANCH'S OF EGYPTIAN SPORTS FEDERATIONS Mahran K. A. & Mahmoud M. A.

P4-30

TO BUILD WEB 2.0 SPORTS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PLATFORM: A CASE STUDY OF TAIWAN’S VOLLEYBALL DEVELOPMENT Huang K. C., Lu Y. J., Huang K. H., Hu W. S. & Lin K. S.

P4-31

RELATION BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND PERSONAL TRAITS OF FEMALE MANAGERS IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS Taj A. T., Shojaee F. S., Badami R. B., Afkhami M. A., Beikzadeh P. B. & Kamani S. K.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxii 

P4-32

DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIVE SHARE BRAND LOYALTY FROM BRAND ASSOCIATION IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE OF IRAN Javani V., S.hosseini M. & Nasr esfahani D.

P4-33

MOST IMPORT ATTACHMENT TO AND INTEREST IN ORGANIZATION MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN EMPLOYEES OF VARIOUS PHYSICAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION IN ESFAHAN PROVINCE Afkhami M. A., Taj A. T., Taghibeikzadeh P. T. & Etebariyan A. E.

P4-34

A SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF SPORT COMPLEXES IN IRAN: Tayebisany M., Bahmanpour H. & Abdi H.

P4-35

A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEMAND FOR WATCHING FOOTBALL IN STADIUMS Javanmardi E. & Noghondarian K.

P4-36

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH BURN OUT AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN SPORTS EXPERTS Khorvash M. , Ehsani M. , Askari A. R. & Botshekan M.

P4-37

THE STUDY OF TEAM INVOLVEMENT INFLUENCING ON FANS BRAND LOYALTY IN IRANIAN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE Javani V., S.hosseini M. & Rezaei H.

P4-38

THE INVESTIGATION OF COMPETITIVE BALANCE IN IRAN PRO LEAGUE (1995-2010) Sadeghi boroujerdi S., Yoosefy B. & Naghshbandi S.

P4-39

THE INVESTIGATION OF COMPETITIVE BALANCE IN IRAN PRO LEAGUE AND COMPARISON WITH ENGLAND, GERMANY, FRANCE, ITALY AND SPAIN IN 2009-2010 SEASON Naghshbandi S., Yoosefy B., Sadeghi boroujerdi S., Ahmadi S. & Salavati R.

P4-40

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL SUBSCALES (STRUCTURE AND TECHNOLOGY) OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OFFICES IN ISFAHAN PROVINCE WITH THE STRATEGY OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM) Askari A. R.& Eshraghi E.

P4-41

EFFECTIVE MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS AND THE ATTRACTION OF SPECTATORS TO IRANIAN FOOTBALL PRIMARY LEAGUE Mohammadi A., Torkfar A. & Khajehlandi A.

P4-42

THE EFFECT OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL PRACTICE ON MUSCLE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN FORCE PRODUCTION TASK Yadolazadeh A., Namazizadeh M., Vaez musavi S., Behaeen B. & Same H.

P4-43

A STUDY OF HOCHIMINH CITY CITIZENS’ RECREATIONAL SPORT PARTICIPATION AND CONSTRAINTS Huynh T., Bui T. H.1 , Bui T. T. & Huang H. Y.

P4-44

RECREATION ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATION NEEDS OF STUDENT AT RAJAMANGGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, CENTRAL ZONE Mitsumphan C.

P4-45

ADOLESCENTS' EXERCISE BEHAVIOR AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SELFEFFICACY Kim, Y. H., Na, S.J. & Kang, S.J.

P4-46

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RANK, ANTICIPATION, DURATION VARIBLES OF PERFORMANCE ON DIFFERENT ANXIETY AND SELF-CONFIDENCE OF ATHLETES Rahimian Z.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxiii 

P4-47

EFFECTS OF CRYOTHERAPY AND PETRISSAGE MASSAGE ON SIGNS OF DOMS OF KNEE EXTENSORS FOLLOWING STIMULATED PLYOMETRIC EXERCISE IN THAI MALE Muanjai P., Sanguanrungsirikul S. & Anomasiri W.

P4-48

EFFECTS OF TWO 8-WK HYDROTHERAPY AND PNF TRAINING PROGRAM ON PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN Tadibi V. & Goodarzi M.

P4-49

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR DEVELOPMENT WITH BODY COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND COMPARISON BETWEEN SOMATOTYPE IN THE BOYS Yadolazadeh A.

P4-50

THE RELATIONSHIP OF POSTURE CHARACTERISTIC AND TYPES OF MS DISEASE IN THE WOMEN AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH HEALTH PERSON Behaeen B , Sadeghi H., Same H., Jafari R., Jafari siavashani F. & Kamani S.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxiv 

December 14, 2010 10:40 – 11:20 hrs. P5-01

COMPARED IN SOME OF THE BIOKINEMATICS VARIABLES IN AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE FOR THE EMBRACING MOVEMENT JUMP ON A COLT FOR GIRLS 7-8 YEARS Saeed L. G.

P5-02

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE GENERAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT THE ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITIES OF FARS PROVINCE Panahi Z.

P5-03

COMPARISON OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL FITNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF JUNIOR BOY STUDENT WERSTLEN Kouhi F. & Abbaszadegan M.

P5-04

A COMPARISON THE EFFECTS OF MENTAL PRACTICE AS A SUPPLEMENT FOR PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON SHOOTING BASKETBALL Yadolazadeh A., Namazizadeh M., Behaeen B. & Same H.

P5-05

THE ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE INDONESIAN MALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS Kusnanik N. W.

P5-06

COMPARISON OF OXYGEN KINETIC DURING RECOVERY PERIOD AFTER MAXIMAL PERMANENT ACTIVITY AND INTERVAL ACTIVITY IN FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS Matinhomaee H. & Shahabpoor E. ADULT OMNI SCALE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION FOR CYCLE ERGOMETER EXERCISE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE: APPLICATION AND VALIDATION Dabayebeh I. M.

P5-07

P5-08

MONITORING OF THE PRE-SEASON PREPARATORY TRAINING BY THE MOOD PROFILE AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN THE MALE SOCCER PLAYERS Taghibeikzadebadr P. T., Azarbayjani M., Tojari F., Beikzadeh H. & Babaie R.

P5-09

THE EFFECT OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL PRACTICE AND IT 'S COMBINATION ON CHOICE REACTION TIME OF NO ATHLETES BOY STUDENTS Abdi H.

P5-10

THE EFFECT OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM USING QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE COGNITIVE FIELD AND THE PERFORMANCE OF FORWARD HANDSPRING ON THE VAULTS TABLE BY THE STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, ASSIUT UNIVERSITY Mohamdain M. K.

P5-11

CONTRIBUTION RATE OF SOME PHYSICAL FITNESS IN PERFORMING SOME BASIC SKILLS IN HANDBALL Amen M. A.

P5-12

THE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE DIVISION A TABLE TENNIS PLAYER'S CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND COUNSELING DEMAND Li H. C.

P5-13

THE STUDY OF SWIMMING SCORE ANALYSIS IN 2000-2008 OLYMPIC 100 METERS FREESTYLE Kao M., Yang W., Chen P. & Liao P.

P5-14

VELOCITY DURING A 30 M SPRINT RUN AND STARTING BLOCK VARIABLES Ilbeigi S. & Van gheluwe B.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxv 

P5-15 P5-16

KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF FEMALE SABRE FENCING LUNGE DURING COMPETITION Limroongreungrat W. , Tongaim R. , Kluensuwan A. & Chottidao M. THE STUDY OF LOWER EXTREMITY MOVEMENT DURING GOLF SWING IN THAI AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS Vanasant T., Mingkumlerd S. & Limroongreungrat W.

P5-17

THE EFFECT OF SYNCHRONIZE AND NON-SYNCHRONIZE ANGLE OF DOUBLE SCULLING ON ROWING VELOCITY Rachnavy P.

P5-18

THE IMPACT OF A SPEED ENDURANCE TRAINING PROGRAM ON SOME OF THE VARIABLES BIOKENMATIC VARIABLES TO PASS THE HURDLES IN THE X RAN 400METER HURDLES FOR MEN Alhajar S. T.

P5-19

COMPARING SOME BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES AND ACCURACY IN TWOTYPES OF FAR SHOOTING IN HANDBALL Mohammed M. & Abdulwahid S. Y.

P5-20

THE IMPACT OF PARTIAL METHOD THROUGH USUAL GRADUATING USING PERIODIC AND CONTINUOUS TRAINING METHODS ACCORDING TO SOME BIOKINEMATIC VARIABLES IN ACQUIRING 800M RUNNING LEVEL Ibrahim H. S.

P5-21

KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF DRAGON BOAT PADDLING: A COMPARISON OF ELITE MALE AND FEMALE PADDLERS. Raktavee P. & Hiranrat S.

P5-22

COMPARING SOME KINEMATICAL VARIABLES OF FRONT JUMP SET BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS Eltayeb M. M.

P5-23

COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL DIFFERENCES ON HIP AND KNEE ISOKINETIC STRENGTH IN MALE TENNIS PLAYERS AND GENERAL POPULATION Cheng C., Wang Y., Fan chiang W., Liang L. & Lee A.

P5-24

KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF YOUTH WEIGHTLIFTERS DURING THE SNATCH Hirunrat S. & Raktavee P.

P5-25

ADOLESCENTS' PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES Alshamli A. K.

P5-26

PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN OMAN: HISTORY, CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES Alrawahi N. Y.

P5-27

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOPHYSICAL RHYTHM AMONG SHORT AND LONG DISTANCES PLAYERS IN TRACK AND FIELD Ibrahim H. S. & Qader A. H.

P5-28

GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SPORT IN THE PROVINCE OF KURDISTAN-IRAQ Abdullatef D.

P5-29

EFFECT OF A DETRAINING COURSE ON SOME FUNCTIONAL INDEXES AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) AND CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE (CPK) ENZYMES IN BLOOD SERUM OF ELITE TAEKWONDO PLAYERS Hashemvarzi S.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxvi 

P5-30

THE INFLUENCE OF RESISTANCE, AEROBIC AND CONCURRENT TRAINING ON SERUM VISFATIN CONCENTRATIONS IN HEALTHY MEN Sheikholeslami vatani D., Faraji H., Rahimi R. & Ahmadizad S.

P5-31

THE EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING AT DIFFERENT INTENSITY ON IL-1, IL-6, HSCRP AND FIBRINOGEN IN YOUNG MEN Sheikholeslami vatani D., Ahmadi S., Ahmadi dehrashid K. & Gharibi F.

P5-32

EFFECTS OF 8 WEEKS RESISTANCE VERSUS ENDURANCE TRAINING ON PLASMA VISFATIN IN MIDDLE-AGED Mohammadi domieh A. & Khajehlandi A.

P5-33

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF TARBIAT MODARES ANAEROBIC TEST (TMAT) IN MALE WRESTLERS Khaki A. B., Agha alinejad H. A., Mehranpour A. B. & Hasani S. A.

P5-34

KNEE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF TAIWAN FEMALE ROWERS Chen W. H.

P5-35

THE EFFECT OF UNILATERAL ON BILATERAL LOWER LIMB DYNAMIC BALANCE TRAINING Same H. S., Behaeein B. B., Sadeghi. S.& Taghibeikzadehbadr P. T.

P5-36

THE EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION TRAINING ON VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN HANDBALL ATHLETES Chang H., Wang Y., Chang J., Liang L. & Lee A.

P5-37

SIX WEEKS NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING IMPROVES AGILITY PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS Tsai Y., Lee C., Chen M., Liang L. & Lee A. J.

P5-38

PERCEIVED EXERTION RATE, BLOOD LACTATE AND VO2MAX RESPONSES TO A MAXIMUM CYCLING PERFORMANCE AFTER PLYOMETRIC TRAINING Moahammad nia A., Afzalpour M. E. & Khoshbakhti J.

P5-39

THE INFLUENCE OF LONG RANGE SHOOTING TRAINING TO 3-POINT SHOOTING PERCENTAGE OF MALE COLLEGE BASKETBALL PLAYERS Chen C.

P5-40

ANKLE WEIGHTS, GRADIENT AND THE WALK-RUN TRANSITION SPEED Harun H. H. & Kamaruddin A.

P5-41

THE DIFFERENCES OF POSTURAL STABILITY BETWEEN ACCURATE AND INACCURATE SHOOTING IN ELITE FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS Tseng T., Chi L., Wang L., Li C. & Lee A.

P5-42

PREVALENCE RATE OF SPORT INJURIES IN IRAN FEMALE KARATE KA, AND ITS RELATION IN ANTHROPOMETRICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES Narenjchi F. & Boobani B.

P5-43

EFFECT OF 4 WEEKS DETRAINING FOLLOW 8 WEEKS AEROBIC TRAINING ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC POWER IN STUDENTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AZAD UNIVERSITY OF SHOUSHTAR Sajadian M. & Shiasi H.

P5-44

EFFECTS OF A FOUR WEEK PLYOMETRIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON MUSCLE POWER AND SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN MALE KABADDI ATHLETES Khaothin J. & Jiradechakul K.

P5-45

DETERMINING THE PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF SPORT INJURIES AMONG IRANIAN SUPER LEAGUE FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS Rahimian mashhad Z. & Attarzadeh hosseini R.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxvii 

P5-46

STUDY EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT AND FOOT WEAR ON FLAT FOOT DEFORMITY Kouhi F. & Abbaszadegan M.

P5-48

RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF PRINCIPALS, COACHIES AND ADMINISTRATORS Khaothin J. & Jiradechakul K.

I C S E S 2 0 1 0  | xxxviii 

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010

Journal of Sports Science and Technology (J. Sports Sci. Technol.) Official Journal of the Sports Science Society of Thailand (SSST) and the Sports Authority of Thailand (SAT) Honorary Advisors Prof. Dr. Sek Aksaranukroa

Dr. Sakchai Tapsuwan Assoc. Prof. Dr.Jaroyporn Thoranin

Prof. Dr. Chusak Veschapasn Asst. Prof. Dr. Nath Indhaparn

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Monthree Chulasamaya Prof. Dr. Vorasak Peanchop

Dr. Somchai Prasertsiriphan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wichai Wanadurongwan

Mr. Kanokphand Chulakasem

Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thyon Chentanez

Vice Editors Dr.Weerawat Limroongreungrat

Asst. Prof. Buarong Lewchalermwongse

Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Chusak Veschapasn Prof. Dr. Thirayudh Glinsukon Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pratoom Muangmee Prof. Dr. Bangon Chomdej Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vijit Kanungsukkasem Prof. Dr. Ratree Soodsuang Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supith Samahito Prof. Dr. Chumpol Pholpramool Assoc. Prof. Pipat Cherdrungsri

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thyon Chentanez Prof. Dr. Sombat Karnjanakij Asst. Prof. Dr. Chalerm Chaiwatcharaporn Prof. Dr. Arth Nana Asst. Prof. Dr. Rungchai Chaunchaiyakul Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kornrawee Boonchai Asst. Prof. Dr. Opas Sinphurmsukskul Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kalaya Kijboonchoo Dr. Suwat Sithilaw

Managing Editor Miss Chonlada Sapeeya Mrs. Pornpimon Surintawong Mrs. Surachat Artsub Miss Niphawan Wongyai

Miss Rodjana noojeam Miss Siraprapa Kunkum Sub Lt. Phavadol Raktavee

1

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010

ICSES 2010 International Conference of Sports and Exercise Science

ABSTRACTS

2

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010

KEYNOTE LECTURES

3

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010

4

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EXERCISE AS ANTI-AGING Prof. K. Sathayavelu Reddy and Dr. K. Mallikarjuna Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

From the ancient times sports/exercise are being take part in human life in the form of traditional games or competitions among various societies around the world for social well being. Still now sports are considering as a best remedy for mental relax and also as medicine for several human diseases. Research indicates that modest amounts of exercise even just 15 minutes a day helps ease depression, enhances self-image, relieves stress, and much more. Apart from this, yoga, a well known exercise medicine, is gaining so much popularity as a medicine for several physiological disorders. Although yoga originated from India, it spreads all around the world, because of its medicinal importance. Faith on yoga is still continuing in India that many uncontrolled diseases could possibly controlled by participating in yoga. This was evidenced by improved blood circulation, paracrine system and decreased harmful cholesterol in the body. Many countries are now using yoga as a therapy to treat mental and physical disorders. From the decades, several outstanding reports demonstrating that regular moderate exercise have several health benefits against age-mediated diseases. Perceptively from our lab, we reported attenuated oxidative stress in different tissues of aged rats by exercise training. We also found that alcohol-induced oxidative damage was further exacerbated in aged rats, and this was completely reversed by treadmill running. In light of exercise benefits, WHO recommended different exercise protocols for different age groups. Although several convincing evidences emphasizing the beneficial effects of regular exercise against age-dependent diseases, still public is not well aware and not participating in regular exercise programs. In this context, it is necessary to take some clear strategies by the individuals and by the government agencies to participate in exercise programs to avoid the age-induced diseases and to promote life quality. In the same way, it is necessary to spread caption among the people that ‘exercise is medicine and anti-aging drug’.

Dr. Kesireddy. Sathyavelu Reddy had PhD in the year 1985 from Sri Venkateswara University. He is a Professor of Zoology since 2004 Prof. Reddy is specialized in Exercise and Aging Physiology, Alcohol Toxicology and Genetic Engineering. He Developed RHBM and CLAM models using freshwater mussels as biomarker to detect the impact of pesticide pollution .Dr. Reddy’s research group focusing on two areas. One is, screening of antioxidant compounds from herbal plants under alcoholic and diabetic induced oxidative stress conditions. Another one Genetic Engineering approach to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Tuberculosis disease. More than 80 articles published in reputed National and International Journals. Prof. Reddy was awarded Fellow of National Environmental Science Academy (FNESA), Fellow of Andhra Pradesh Academi of Sciences (FAPAS) in 2008, Commonwealth Fellowship 2009 to work in collaboration with Prof. Graham Burton, Director, Trophoblast Research Centre, in the University of Cambridge, UK, DBT Overseas Associate ship, U.S. NIST Biotechnology Fellowship, American Heart Foundation Research Associate ship, and IUPS Travel Fellowship. He received Certificate of Appreciation for the International Cooperation in Science and Technology by Department of Commerce of US Government. He is Associated with the Editorial board of Chinese Journal of Physiology and many other National and International Journals. He received Research grants from UGC, CSIR, DST, Successfully guided 14 PhD and 4 M.Phil students. At present he is a Convener of NESA’s District Environmental Centre, Coordinator Bioinformatics program and Secretary, S.V.University Teachers’ Association in Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.

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EXERCISE FOR BONE HEALTH Hargens, AR and Stuhr, RM Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, USA

Similar to skeletal muscle, bone is a metabolic tissue that responds to exercise by becoming denser and stronger. People who are regular exercisers gain more peak bone mass (maximum bone density and strength) than people who are sedentary. For most people, bone mass peaks about 25 years of age and thereafter, bone mass falls. Middle-aged women and men can help prevent bone loss with regular exercise. Moreover, exercising allows women and men to maintain muscle strength, coordination, and balance, which in turn helps to prevent falls and related fractures. Aerobic and resistive exercise is especially important for older people who have been diagnosed with osteoporosis. The best exercise for your bones is load-bearing, variable and high-force exercise. This includes strength training and upright weight-bearing exercise which provides increased ground reaction forces (GRFs) due to gravity. Some examples of weight-bearing exercises include weight training, walking, jogging, hiking, going down stairs, tennis, and dancing. Examples of exercises that are not weight-bearing include swimming and bicycling. Although these activities help build and maintain strong muscles and have excellent cardiovascular benefits, they are not the best way to exercise your bones. According to the US Surgeon General, the optimal goal for overall health is at least 30 minutes of physical activity on most days, preferably daily. In terms of deconditioning related to microgravity simulated by bed rest (BR), recent evidence suggests there are gender differences in bone loss. We hypothesized that supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNP) maintains upright physiologic responses and tissue mass during microgravity as simulated by head-down tilt (HDT) BR. Thirty identical twins (women and men) and separately, 16 women (age 25-40 years) underwent 30- and 60-days of continuous HDT (-6 degrees) BR, respectively. Volunteers were assigned to either a control group (CON) who performed no exercise or to an exercise group (EX). EX subjects performed a 40-min, variable intensity (40-80% pre-BR VO2pk) LBNP exercise protocol at foot-ward forces between 1.0-1.2 times body weight, 3-6 days/week. Post-BR orthostatic tolerance (time to pre-syncope) was less in women than men and significantly greater in the EX groups than in the CON groups for both genders (p< 0.05). Heart mass decreased significantly in CON, but increased significantly in EX. Post-BR upright VO2pk, muscle strength, sprint speed, and endurance decreased significantly in CON, but these parameters were preserved in EX. Bone losses were counteracted in EX as compared to CON, more so in men than in women. Supine treadmill exercise protocol within LBNP maintains orthostatic responses, upright exercise capacity, heart mass, muscle strength, sprint speed and endurance during 30- and 60-days HDT BR. By comparison with previous studies, cardiac atrophy occurs similarly in women and men during HDT BR. Importantly, upright VO2pk is maintained for at least 5 days following the last LBNP exercise session, despite reduced session frequency (3-4 sessions/week in 60-day BR studies of women compared to 6 sessions/week in 30-day BR studies of identical twins). However, bone is less well-protected during our 60-day study (with Flywheel resistive exercise) compared to our twins’ protocol with LBNP exercise alone 6 days/week (without Flywheel resistive exercise). Overall these results help us understand gender differences associated with BR and space flight as well as the efficacy of our exercise countermeasure protocol compared to very sedentary condition. Supported by NASA, ESA, CSA, and CNES; and by NASA Grants NAG9-1425 and NNJ04HF71G as well as support from the Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery at UCSD. We thank the UCSD-twin and WISE-2005 volunteers, UCSD GCRC staff, and MEDES staff. Keywords: bone loss, exercise, ground reaction forces, gender

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Alan R. Hargens, Ph.D. is Professor and Director of the Orthopaedic Clinical Physiology Lab at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He previously served as Chief of the Space Physiology Branch and Space Station Project Scientist at NASA Ames Research Center (1987-2000) and Consulting Professor of Human Biology at Stanford University (1988-2000). His recent research concerns gravity effects on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems of humans and animals. He also investigates exercise devices to maintain astronaut health and performance in microgravity and partial gravities. This research is translated to aid post-surgical treatment and rehabilitation of orthopaedic patients and to improve performance of athletes. In addition to his research on gravitational stress, Dr. Hargens measures tissue fluid and osmotic pressures, including those in giraffes to understand how they prevent dependent edema, those in skeletal muscle to diagnose compartment syndromes, and those in intervertebral discs to help understand low back pain. Dr. Hargens has edited seven books and published more than 270 peer-reviewed articles, 47 chapters, 40 NASA Reports, and 520 abstracts in general areas of comparative physiology, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal physiology, and orthopaedic surgery. He also holds eight patents. Dr. Hargens is a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and a Fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association. He is Associate Editor of the Journal of Gravitational Physiology. He is the recipient of a NIH Research Career Development Award, Elizabeth Winston Lanier Award from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and Orthopaedic Research Society, Recognition Award from the American Physiology Society, and two NASA Honor Awards. He is a Board Member and Past President of the International Society of Adaptive Medicine and a winner of the Hallman Award from the University of Waterloo, Canada. Dr. Hargens is also a member of other professional societies including American Physiology Society, Orthopaedic Research Society, International Society for Gravitational Physiology, American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology, and Aerospace Medical Association. He has chaired or served on several Veteran’s Affairs, NASA, NIH, International Space Science Review and National Academy of Sciences Panels. Dr. Hargens received his undergraduate degree, Summa Cum Laude, in Chemistry from the University of Minnesota, and his Ph.D. in Marine Biology from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UCSD. The web site for the Orthopaedic Clinical Physiology Lab is: http://bones.ucsd.edu

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RISK AND COSTS OF PHYSICAL INACTIVITY Prof. K. Sathyavelu Reddy and Dr. K. Mallikarjuna Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

In the recent years, physical inactivity is the main concern for many metabolic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and many others. This is more prevalent particularly in old people. However, age-dependent diseases are found even in middle or young age people due to lack of regular physical exercise. Early signs of aging in young population lead to sever metabolic abnormalities, which certainly cause early fatal. On the other hand, nowadays sophisticated lifestyle yielding enriched calorie intake and energy deposits in the body in terms of fat. This scenario has been identically observed in different societies among different age groups all around the world. In addition, increased medication during aging may also increase the risk of other side effects. This can be avoiding by the rapid metabolism of the drugs, which can achieve through regular exercise. Furthermore, evidences from the research reports are increasing that either sports or exercise is highly beneficial for psychological well being. Regular exercise is well reported as a crucial factor that could improve the mood and quality of life. On the other hand, participating in sports could facilitate normal physiological conditions, including balanced hormones regulation, improved insulin sensitivity, metabolic rate and antioxidant homeostasis. Any fluctuations in these vital systems can lead to failure several physiological conditions which ultimately cause diseases. By considering all these enormous health effects, sport or exercise is considering as ‘non-pharmaceutical drug/medicine’ for many human ailments. In this talk we will review the current research on different exercise regimens for healthy life and well being.

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EXERCISE FOR WEIGHT CONTROL Prof. Chia-Hua Kuo Department of Sports Sciences, Taipei Sports University, Taipei, Taiwan

Increased prevalence of obesity has now becoming the major health threat for many developing countries in Asia. Based on epidemiological evidence, the secular trend of increasing obese population is best explained by recent technological transition, which leads to less physically active lifestyle. Exercise training has been recognized as an important intervention to inhibit accumulation of body fat, based on numerous intervention and longitudinal cohort studies. However, misleading interpretations of exercise training effect on body composition are often becoming barrier for coach or health professional to prescribe effective fat-reducing exercise regimen. Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise training work equally well on reducing body fat, suggesting that exercise training effect is not be mediated by fat burning. It is generally known that fat is the major fuel under resting condition, whereas increasing exercise intensity will increase energy reliance on carbohydrate fuel. Furthermore, exercise training can increase 24-h energy consumption but the rate of fat oxidation remains unchanged. The underlying mechanism that exercise training can reduce body fat is mainly due to increased fuel deposition into skeletal muscle, while decreases fuel distribution to adipose tissue. Exercise training temporally increases insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle and thus increases partitioning of postprandial fuel into this major fuel storage site of the body. Under training state, circulatory triacylglycerol (TG) are less likely to be taken up by adipose tissue since lipoprotein lipase activity (the enzyme help to breakdown circulatory TG) and its gene expression level are decreased, while exercise causes opposing change in skeletal muscle. Meal time is also important component for fat-reducing exercise program. Early evidence indicates that delayed meal intake after exercise decreases the beneficial effect of exercise training on body composition. In conclusion, exercise training is essential for reducing body fat. This effect is mainly associated with increased fuel distribution into skeletal muscle, while decreased fuel distribution into adipose tissue.

Chia-Hua Kuo is a professor and chairperson for Department of Sports Sciences in Taipei Sports University, Taipei, Taiwan. He is currently serves as President for the Society of Adaptive Science for Taiwan (SAST) and Secretary General for International Society for Adaptive Medicine (ISAM). As an active sports scientist, Professor Chia-Hua Kuo published more than 100 peer-reviewed journal papers, and serves as reviewer for more than 15 international academic journals, such as American Journal of Physiology, AGE, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Obesity Research (Obesity), Diabetes & Metabolism, Molecular & Cell Biochemistry, British Journal of Sports Medicine, Clinica Chimica Acta, International Journal of Cardiology, BMC Physiology, Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, European Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal of Food Biochemistry. Chia-Hua Kuo received an interdisciplinary doctoral degree from University of Texas at Austin at 1997, in the area of Exercise Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry. Most of his research works are involved with lifestyle intervention on correcting insulin resistance and its underlying mechanism.

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EXERCISE FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND REHABILITATION OF JOINTS Hargens, AR Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego San Diego, California 92103 USA

Our recent NASA and NIH-funded research addresses several risk factors and critical questions in Critical Path Road Maps related to countermeasures against musculoskeletal and cardiovascular loss associated with aging, weightlessness (microgravity) and bed rest, an extreme form of sedentary activity. Also, our exercise findings apply to prevention and rehabilitation of joint disease. We have evaluated treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to prevent deconditioning during microgravity simulated by bed rest. Fifteen sets of identical twins (16 males and 14 females, 21-48 years) remained in 6º head-down-tilt, bed rest for 30 days to simulate microgravity. One twin from each pair (EX) was randomly selected to exercise supine in our LBNP chamber for 40 min at 1.0-1.2 body weights for six days per week. Their twin siblings served as non-exercise controls (CON). Orthostatic tolerance (time to pre-syncope) and sprint speed decreased significantly (p< 0.05) after 30 days bed rest in the CON group, but was relatively maintained in the EX group. Upright peak oxygen consumption (VO2pk), muscle strength, and endurance decreased significantly in CON group, but these functional parameters were preserved in the EX group. Also, the EX group had significantly higher back muscle strength and lower lumbar-spine compressibility after bed rest than the CON group. The efficacy of our integrated exercise countermeasure is documented during simulated microgravity and translated to orthopaedic benefit with respect to rehabilitation of athletes and orthopaedic patients after joint surgery. For example, lower body positive pressure (LBPP) exercise (eg, with “Alter-G” trainer) is a useful tool for rehabilitation after sports injuries and after orthopaedic surgery such as ACL repair and total joint replacement. LBPP rehabilitation preserves gait mechanics while reducing lower-extremity ground reaction forces in postoperative patients. Future LBPP rehabilitation studies will focus on elderly hip fracture patients that normally have high rates of morbidity and mortality. Finally, our studies of identical twins provide quantification of regional and gender specific heritability of skeletal and calcium-handling traits in health and disease. Supported by NASA, ESA, CSA, and CNES; by NIH grant M01 RR00827; and by NASA Grants NAG9-1425 and NNJ04HF71G. We thank the identical twin volunteers and UCSD GCRC staff.

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FUELLING FOR SUCCESS Alisa Nana PhD Scholar, AIS Sports Nutrition

Nutrition is one of the key factors known to influence competitive success. Good nutrition and eating practices are essential in providing fuel needed to meet the demands of training and physiological adaptations, maintaining the immune function, as well as facilitating growth in adolescent athletes. Poor attention to nutrition will not only affect performance, but it may compromise the immune function as well as increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes, for example, iron deficiency anaemia, stress fractures or osteoporosis later in life. Building a solid base with good nutrition principles should start at an early stage of an athlete’s career. The athlete needs to understand the nutrition basics that are essential in supporting every day bodily functions and able to apply this knowledge by choosing appropriate meals and snacks that meet his/her individual requirements. Particularly, education messages should also be reinforced through practical education and “real life” practices, such as cooking class, supermarket shopping or recovery options etc. Nutrition is not only essential for every day eating, but it is also vital in supporting the demands and stress from gruelling training sessions and competition load. It is important to remember that every athlete is unique, therefore, short term and long term goals should be made clear, and nutrition strategies and hydration plan should be devised individually. Always consider other additional factors, such as, increased stress associated with constant travelling or altitude training, food allergies or unique cultural practices. Many athletes will also likely to have additional goals that they are working towards, which may require specific requirements (e.g. rehabilitating from an injury, developing adolescent athlete, trying to improve strength by gaining muscle mass etc). All of these must be taken into consideration when devising a strategic nutrition plan. Nutrition strategies must be trialled during training well in advance. Good nutrition practices are one of the foundations for optimum success and it is not surprising that many athletes get drawn into the “quick fix” message often promoted by the supplement industry. The role of supplements and ergogenic aids is seen as the “icing on the cake” and should only be used under the direction of Sports Dietitian/Sports Physician. Inappropriate or misguided use of supplements will not only lead to adverse health outcomes (e.g. side effects), but also increases the risk of positive doping test. However, sports foods such as sports drink, gel, liquid meal supplement or protein bar can be useful and is seen as a practical way in delivering compact and convenient fuel during training and competition. Sports nutrition is still very much a growing field and the need to “stay on top” of the science is crucial. Working in a multidisciplinary team is very helpful in understanding the athlete environment; this can be helpful to a Sports Dietitian in devising an individualised nutrition plan that can be implemented effectively. More importantly, the athlete’s progress should also be tracked and consistently review over time so that strategies can be adjusted accordingly. Many useful resources are available (useful websites: AIS Sports Nutrition, Sports Dieititian Australia, PINES, and IOC etc.).

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In 2002, Alisa undertook an Honours Degree of Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics at Monash University of which she completed in 2006. From 2007 – 2009, Alisa worked as a Clinical Dietitian at the Research Centre for Nutrition Support, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Alisa returned to Australia and is currently doing her PhD through RMIT, and based at the Australian Institute of Sport’s (AIS) Physique and Fuel Centre in Canberra. Whilst undertaking her PhD at the AIS, Alisa is privileged to be working with Prof. Louise Burke, Head of Sports Nutrition at the AIS, Dr. Gary Slater of University of Sunshine Coast and Prof. John Hawley of RMIT. Her PhD research examines the reliability of DXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) in monitoring body composition in elite athletes and hopes to longitudinally track body composition changes over time. Her other research interests include body composition assessment techniques and sports nutrition. Other qualifications include Accredited Practising Dietitian (APD), Accredited Sports Dietitian, and ISAK Level 2 Anthropometrist.

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WEIGHT CONTROL IN ATHLETES Jongjit Angkatavanich, RPh., MS., PhD., CNSC Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand

Weight control is a big issue in sports nutrition. Rapid reduction of body weight to achieve desirable weight class, or to render body slimness in aesthetic sport puts many athletes under pressure thereby undergo severe diet restriction. Many athlete especially female ones are chronically energy deficient or malnourished. Stress from body dissatisfaction and dieting can possibly lead to disordered eating. Disordered eating patterns can negatively impact an athlete's mental and physical well being and ultimately their athletic performance. The severe form may be ascribed as anorexia athletica, a term introduced in early 1990s, which is a state of reduced energy intakes and reduced body mass despite high physical activity. Chronic low or very low energy intakes can result in loss of muscle mass, menstrual dysfunction, loss of or failure to gain bone density, an increased risk of fatigue, injury, and illness, and a slow recovery process. Moreover, prolonged intensive training and rapid weight reduction suppress mucosal immunity and incidence of upper respiratory tract infection is increased after competition. Different weight reduction scheme are practiced. Some follow low-carbohydrate diet or low fluid intake which reduces physical performance. Recognizing the adverse consequences of too extreme weight control in athletes, the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine 2009 recommend appropriate selection of foods and fluids, timing of intake, and supplement choices for optimal health and exercise performance. Carbohydrate recommendations for athletes range from 6 to 10 g/kg body weight/d. Protein recommendations for endurance and strength trained athletes range from 1.2 to 1.7 g/kg /d. Increased protein intakes from 1.0 g/kg/d to around 2.3 g/kg/d in a short term exercise experiment reduces lean body mass decline during weight loss period in athletes. This should be practiced with adequate fluid intake. Fat intake should range from 20% to 35% of total energy intake. Consuming 0.05); however, a significant difference was found in OSI between stride leg and trail leg (p0.05). Therefore, fibrinogen levels were unaffected by condition and did not differ at any time after exercise protocol (P>0.05).Discussion: This study showed that cocoa powder did not decrease fibrinogen levels in trained cyclists. In addition, very little is known about cocoa and it's effecting on fibrinogen. However, we conclude that trained subjects show decreased fibrinogen when received cocoa solution but short- term cocoa supplementation did not decrease significantly in response to an incremental exhaustive exercise. P1-05 METHYLPHENIDATE AND EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE: A STUDY ON NEUTROPHILES OF MALE RAT Kamoonzadeh A. , Aziziyeh N. Islamic Azad University- Dezful Branch /Sport Science ,Dezful,Iran Introduction:The purpose of this research is to examine Methylphenidate effect on male rat's Neutrophiles with an exhaustive exercise session, since the misuse of such drugs among athletes is increasing and less informing that its harmful effect occurs.Methodology:In order to do this research samples randomly in five groups, each group that there were ten members, age 3/5 months and mean weight 282+ 52 grams were divided. Control group (without exercise, without drug), exercise group (without drug) the third, drug group (With 44.5 mg/kg dose), the fourth group, exercise-drug (With 44.5 mg/kg dose) and placebo drug group values formed. Drug dose in each group with appropriate weight to oral received. After appearing drug effects (duration of drug effect 15 - 20 minutes) each sample placed inside the treadmill with speed 35 m/minutes to complete exhaustion activity were. After complete exhaustion of the blood samples were obtained.Results:Neutrophiles of each sample were determined by differential counting and after statistical calculation(ANOVA and TUKEY), between the control and exercise group with exercise-drug groups, results indicated that, control group and exercise group had to Average number of Neutrophiles higher than the exercise-drug group (p 0.05) in the two activities ,maximal performance activity and interval activity .It can be concluded that the process of changes in the uptake oxygen during recovery period is the same after the two training activities. P5-07 ADULT OMNI SCALE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION FOR CYCLE ERGOMETER EXERCISE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE: APPLICATION AND VALIDATION Dabayebeh I. M. Mu'tah University/Exercise Rehabilitation, Mu'tah, Jordan Introduction: Adult OMNI scale of perceived exertion for cycle ergometer was formatted in English language and validated among American adults but it has not been validated in Arabic language nor in Arabic culture. Purpose: A perceptual estimation paradigm was employed to determined the validity of an Arabic translated version of OMNI scale to measure perceived exertion among young adult healthy females (N=25) and males (N=25) aged 18-26 yrs. Methods: Heart rate (HR, beats min-1), and ratings of perceived exertion (OMNI-Cycle Scale; RPE) for the overall body (RPE-O), legs (RPE-L), and chest (RPE-C) were determined at the end of each of the four (three for females) continuously administered 3-min exercise stages. Power output (PO) of cycling intensity stages started at 50 Watt (W) with 50W increments per stage. Subjects performed the exercise test up to 200 W for males and 150 W for females. Results: Exercise responses ranges for all stages

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were: Heart rate HR: 111.26-167.48 beat/min; and OMNI RPE: 1.59- 9.04. Linear regression and correlation showed that RPE-O, RPE-L and RPE-C for each of the two groups, and for the combined sample of all subjects, distributed as a positive linear function for HR (beats min-1). Correlations of RPE and HR (.87-.94) and regression functions were statistically significant (p < 0.01) for both males and females and for RPE-O, RPE -L, and RPE-C. Differences between undifferentiated (RPE-O) and differentiated (RPE -L & RPE-C) between intensities and at each stage were examined using ANOVA for repeated measures for the combine sample and for each group. At all four/three stages, RPE-Legs was higher than RPEOverall and RPE-chest for the combined sample and for each group (P .05). Correlations among the Transtheoretical Model Constructs Table 2: Correlations for the Transtheoretical Model constructs TTM constructs Stages of Exercise (SEC)

SEC 1.00

Self-Efficacy (SE)

SE

Pros .32**

-.25**

1.00

.32**

-.062

1.00

-.27**

Benefits of Exercise (Pros)

1.00

Barriers of Exercise (Cons) M SD

Cons

.20**

2.25

2.77

4.17

0.52

0.64

0.54

2.50 0.73

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 2 shows the results of the correlation analysis to identify the relationships among the Transtheoretical model constructs. Overall, most of the constructs analyzed were statistically correlated among each of the constructs except between selfefficacy and Cons (r = -.062). All of the constructs were significantly correlated with the stages of exercise change (r = 0.20 for selfefficacy, r =0.32 for Pros and for Cons construct (r = - 0.25, p < 0.01). The Pros (benefits of exercise) construct has the strongest correlation with the stages

 

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of exercise change among all the constructs analyzed. The Cons (costs to exercise) is the only construct to have a negative correlation with the stages of exercise. Differences in self-efficacy and Decisional Balance across the Stages of Exercise Change Table 3 shows the means and the standard deviations of the constructs across the stages of exercise change. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed that there was significant effect for the stages of exercise change (Wilks’ λ = 0.855, F[6, 410] = 5.56, p < .001) Generally, mean scores for all the transtheoretical model constructs increased across stages of exercise change. The self-efficacy constructs differentiated the students at different stages of exercise change (F [2, 207] = 4.66, p < .05). Tukey’s post hoc test revealed significant increases in exercise self efficacy across the stages of exercise from the precontemplation/ contemplation to action/maintenance stages. Similarly, significant differences were also detected in Pros (the perceived benefits of exercise) construct (F [2, 207] = 11.93, p < .001) and Cons (perceived costs of exercise) construct, (F [2, 207] = 6.67, p < .001). Further analysis by way of Tukey’s post hoc test revealed significant increases in the Pros construct across the stages of exercise from the precontemplation/contemplation to action/ maintenance stages while Cons increases in the opposite direction. In addition, standardized effect sizes (eta squared 2) were calculated to determine the meaningfulness of the results. Using Cohen’s classification [13] of effect size with equivalent values of eta squared (0.01 ≤ 2 < 0.06 = small, 0.06 ≤ 2 < 0.14 = medium, 2 > 0.14 = large) the effect sizes in the present study ranged from small to large (see Table 3). Medium effect sizes were detected for pros (0.103) and cons (0.067), while small effect size (0.043) was detected for self-efficacy and cons.

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It has also been hypothesized that the younger students are more likely to engage in physical activity than the older students. However, this expectation was not supported in the present study. A possible explanation was that this sample was a homogenous

IV. DISCUSSION The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics associated with the different stages

Table 3: Means and standard deviations of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs across the stages of exercise Stages of exercise TTM constructs Self Efficacy

PC/C (N = 9) M SD

Pros

M SD

Cons

M SD

P ( N = 140)

A/M (N = 61)

Total (N = 210)

2.56

2.69

2.97

2.77

0.79

0.58

0.71

0.64

3.81

4.08

4.42

4.17

0.59

0.54

0.41

0.54

2.89

2.59

2.23

2.50

0.83

0.72

0.67

0.73

F (2, 207)

2

Tukey’s HSD Post hoc PC/C = P < A/M

4.46**

.043

11.93**

.103

PC/C = P < A/M

6.76**

.067

PC/C=P > A/M

Note: PC = precontemplation, C = contemplation , P = preparation, A = action, M = maintenance , ** p < .05

of exercise behavior change among a sample of college students in Malaysia. This study specifically attempted to ascertain the proportion of the Malaysian college age students in each of the different stages of exercise, the differences in their self-efficacy, and their decisional balance for exercise by the stages of exercise behavior. This study revealed that overall, only 29.0% of the Malaysian students surveyed in this study reported they were in action or maintenance stages (actively exercising), another 66.7% in preparation stage (exercising occasionally but not regular) and 4.3% in the precontemplation/ contemplation stages (do not exercise or not active in exercise). The percentage of students who reported being “active” (29.0%) in this study were very close to the 29.2% for young Hong Kong Chinese, [14], but was much lower than that reported elsewhere, 44.3% for British students [15], 44.2% for the New Zealand adolescents [5], 45.5% for Korean adolescents [16], and 65% for Canadian High Schools [11]. Taking both studies into consideration (the present study and study on Hong Kong students [14]), it could somewhat suggest that Asian students are less active in regular exercise compared to their counterparts in other regions of the world. It is therefore imperative that actions be taken by the relevant authority to overcome this unhealthy situation in Malaysia. Nevertheless, more crosscultural studies are required to support these findings. It has been hypothesized that female students will be less active when compare with the male students and findings from this study has supported this view. The male students indicated that they were more active than their female counterparts and this was consistent with previous studies.

 

group in term of their age (max age 21 and min age 18, range age = 3) and hence was unable to draw out the differences in them. This study also confirmed findings from previous studies [11, 14, 16] that self-efficacy for exercise would increase across the stages of exercise change. Generally, students with high scores in self-efficacy are more active in physical activity. This probably is due to the high level of confidence and the feel of more readiness for exercise possess by the individual with high self-efficacy. Hence, in promoting exercise adoption, intervention programs should also focus in helping individuals in increasing their self-efficacy for exercise than just providing them with physical activity program to participate. This present study indicated that while the benefits of exercise (Pros) was positively and significantly related to the stages of exercise, the costs of exercise (Cons) was negatively related to the stages of exercise. This finding is consistent with previous studies and suggests that focusing on the personal benefits of exercise may be helpful for facilitating exercise adoption. Hence, the promotion of participation in physical activity should include variety of activities to prevent boredom, a continued sense of mastery and competence, continued enjoyment, and the avoidance of injury [17]. There are several limitations that need to be addressed. The accessible sample was confined to only two teacher training colleges with predominantly Malay students and hence need to exercise caution when generalizing to the overall Malaysian college students. The measures used in this study relied on the self-report format and may be subjected to biasness or socially desirable responses. However, self-report format is still one of the most practical

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010  approach especially involving big group study and has been found to be accurate in areas of healthrelated behaviors studies [17]. Follow-up studies should also utilize bigger sample size to examine the constancy of the physical activity predictors across time. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research was funded by Postgraduate Research Grant (2009) from Universiti Malaya, Ministry of Higher Learning, Malaysia. REFERENCES 1.

2. 3.

4. 5.

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7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14.

15.

16.

 

R. S. Myers, and D. L. Roth, “Perceived Benefits of and Barriers to Exercise and Stage of Exercise Adoption in Young Adults,” Health Psychology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 277283, 1997. WHO, Health and development through physical activity and sport, WHO/NMH/NPH/PAH/03.2, WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland, 2003. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Physical activity and health: A report of the surgeon general., Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA., 1996. R. K. Dishman, Exercise adherence: its impact on public health, Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Books, 1988. H. Prapavessis, R. Maddison, and F. Brading, “Understanding exercise behavior among New Zealand adolescents: A test of the Transtheoretical Model,” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 346.e17-346.e17, 2004. E. Patterson, D. McGeough, E. Cannon et al., “Selfefficacy, stages of change and physical activity in Irish college students,” Journal of Public Health, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 81-86, 2006. J. F. Sallis, and T. L. McKenzie, “Physical education’s role in public health” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, vol. 62 (2), pp. 124-137, 1991 B. H. Marcus, J. S. Rossi, V. C. Selby et al., "The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in a worksite sample," Health Psychology, 1992, pp. 386-395. B. H. Marcus, V. C. Selby, R. S. Niaura et al., "Selfefficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change," Research Quarterly far Exercise and Sport, 1992, pp. 60-66. K. S. Courneya, “Understanding Readiness for Regular Physical Activity in Older Individuals: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior,” Health Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 80-87, 1995. C. R. Nigg, and K. S. Courneya, “Transtheoretical model: Examining adolescent exercise behavior,” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 214-224, 1998. B. H. Marcus, W. Rakowski, and J. S. Rossi, "Assessing motivational readiness and decision making for exercise," Health Psychology, 1992, pp. 257-261. P. R. Kinnear, and C. Gray, D., SPSS 14 Made Simple, NY: Psychology Press, 2006. P. Callaghan, F. F. Eves, P. Norman et al., “Applying the Transtheoretical Model of Change to exercise in young Chinese people,” British Journal of Health Psychology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 267, 2002. J. Wyse, T. Mercer, B. Ashpord et al., "Evidence for the validity and utility of the stages of exercise behaviour change scale in young adults," Health Education Research, 1995, pp. 365-377. Y.-h. Kim, “Korean adolescents' exercise behavior and its relationship with psychological variables based on stages of change model,” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 523-530, 2004.

17.

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Y. Kim, B. J. Cardinal, and J. Lee, “Understanding exercise behavior among Korean adults: a test of the Transtheoretical Model,” International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 295-303, 2006. Corresponding author: Kee Kang Mea Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia Email:[email protected]

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A STUDY OF HO CHI MINH CITY CITIZENS’ RECREATIONAL SPORT PARTICIPATION AND CONSTRAINTS Bui, T. T.1, Huynh, T. T.1, and Huang, Y. H.2 1

2

Ho Chi Minh City University of Sport, Vietnam National Taiwan College of Physical Education, Taiwan

Abstract – This scientific research in recreational sport aims to study the current situation of the participation and constraints in recreational sport activities for Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens. The situations of demographics, time of participants including free time in normal days and weekend, the suitable time for taking part in leisure and recreational sport activities, the levels of attendance in recreation, and the constraints which affect participants. Research objects involve 3,000 recreational sport participants from 24 districts in Ho Chi Minh city. The researchers used questionnaires as instrument to get data from the objects in eight kinds of recreational sport (Lam, 2008). In order to analysis the data, researchers use descriptive statistics, inferential statistics as t-test, Internal Consistent Reliability Analysis. Data were coded, put in and analyzed by SPSS Program 16.0. Results of this research are (1) the current situation of recreational sport activities includes the most of participants is male from 31 to 40 years old who are still single and got bachelor degree, they also has monthly income from 2 to 5 millions VND; (2) the recreational sport agencies/places should focus on services, human resources at the period time from 03 p.m. to 07 p.m., and before 7 a.m. in order to well serve for the most of participants; (3) sport facilities, transportation conditions, and recreational sport equipments are three most important constraints which were affected to Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens in participating recreational sport. Keywords – Leisure, Recreational sport, Participation, Constraints. I. INTRODUCTION Sport within our society reflects a multifaceted socioeconomic system. It also represents tremendous diversity in participation – from a child’s frolic, to under-structured play at home, to the dream fulfillment of winning a tournament championship, to a healthy lifestyle through sport participation. According to Mull, R., et al. (1983), recreational sport includes programming sport activity for fitness and fun. Maintenance of physically active leisure lifestyles will be increasingly important in developed societies. Although people are aware of the benefits of regular active recreation and wish to be more physically active during their leisure time, many of them remain sedentary (Australian Sports Commission Standing Committee on Recreation and Sport, 2007; Leung et al., 2007). The contrasting low uptake but high valuing of recreational sports (i.e.,

 

leisure time physical activity or active leisure) suggests the need for more research on the psychosocial antecedents of engagement in these leisure behaviors. Researcher from North America (e.g., Godbey, 1985; McGuire and O’Leary, 1992; Searle and Jackson, 1985) have raised the issue of application of leisure constraints research to sport and recreation management and suggested that field has tremendous potential to link theory with practice. Research on aspects of sport and leisure constraints has been prominent in the leisure, recreation, and exercise literature recently, because it has been well documented that it has tremendous potential to link theory with practice (Howard & Crompton, 1984; Hultsman, 1992; Searle & Jackson, 1985). Recreational sport have been strongly developing in many countries over the world; however, it is quite a new field in Vietnam although its tendency will be considerably improved belong to the laws and international integrated trend in this era. The population of participating in recreational sports is rapidly increasing in Ho Chi Minh city, the largest and most dynamic city in Vietnam, and it causes the development of recreational sport services agencies. With the leading roles of political – economic and commercial in Vietnam when we joined World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2006, the demands of scientific researches on recreational sport such as participation, motivations, constraints, customer behavior, and so on are probably essential. Especially, it will be the effective and efficient database for building solutions and developing strategies for recreational sport in Ho Chi Minh city in the future. Objectives 1. To study the current situation of participation in leisure and recreational sport activities of Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens. 2. To examine the recreational sport constraints of Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens. Research questions 1. 2. 3.

What are the current situation of participation in leisure and recreational sport activities of Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens? What are the recreational sport constraints of Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens? What are differences between inner and suburb districts in citizens’ constraints?

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010  II. METHODS Subjects. This research studied on recreational sport participation and constraints of citizens in HCMC for recommendations to the city government in developing recreational sport to meet the citizens’ demand in this field. The researchers and volunteer group went to meet 3,000 citizens who participated in recreational sport in 24 inner and suburb districts in order to directly give and receive questionnaires. Research instruments. The researcher used data from the survey questionnaires for recreational sport participation and constraints in HCMC. There are three parts in this quantitative questionnaire including (1) demographics (such as gender, age, marital status, monthly income, education background, and career), (2) recreational sport participation (such as participating level of leisure & recreational sport activities; suitable time for recreational sport; working time and free time of participants; the suitable time and types for ideal recreational sport in the future), and (3) recreational sport constraints (contain 18 factors base on leisure constraints scale). By using the Likert five-point scale, from (1) Strongly uninfluenced to (5) Strongly influenced, for the third part of questionnaire to let participants answer questions referring to their current situation. Validity and reliability. In order to establish the goodness of measures used in this research; validity and reliability test were conducted (Sekaran, 1992). The validity method for this questionnaire was checked by the expert panel including 10 experts (six professors from Ho Chi Minh City University of Sport; three officials from Ho Chi Minh City Department of Culture, Sport and Tourism; and one official from Ho Chi Minh City Department of Science and Technology). After that, the researcher sent this questionnaire to 100 students of Faculty of Sport Management (Ho Chi Minh City University of Sport) for pilot study. The reliability of the scales measuring recreational sport’s constraints were established by an internal consistent reliability analysis method, indicating the homongeneity of the measurement items. A standard measure of inter-item consistency reliability is the Cronbach’s α coefficient. Data analysis. The available collected questionnaires were analyzed by using the software of SPPS for Windows 16.0 of which details are as below

 

 135

a)

Factor analysis and internal consistent reliability analysis were used to check reliability of the questionnaire. b) Descriptive analysis was used to study about the characteristic of demographics, recreational sport participation and constraints. c) Using t-test to analyze the discrepancy of recreational sport constraints between inner and suburb districts. III. RESULTS First, we will briefly present a few general results of the study, as background information. This study utilized a simple random sample from the participants who took part in recreational sport activities in Ho Chi Minh city. Male comprised 65.0% of the sample, while females amounted to only 35.0%. The participants distribute to all ages, from under 20 years old to above 60 years old, the largest group represented in the sample was “from 31 to 40 years old” (38.1%). Both undergraduate and high school of education background were the highly represented for participants, however, the biggest group was undergraduate with a half of participants (55.4%). Responses were also asked to respond to an item related to their marital status. In the sample, 65.7% indicated that they were single, 31.7 % were currently married. The monthly income of participants was divided by five groups from under 2 millions VND to above 20 millions VND. A majority of the respondents earned from 2 to 5 millions VND per month (52.1%). Both employment and student/pupil of occupation were the highly represented for participants with 34.0% and 26.7%, respectively. A. Recreational sports participation. The using time of participants. In this section, the survey of participant’s time include hours of working time per week, and leisure time per day (both weekdays and weekend). Figure 1 indicates hours of working time per week, there are eight choices from under 15 hours to over 60 hours. Participant’s working time is quite unequally distributed in Ho Chi Minh city; in fact, the highest time group, “from 40 to 44 hours”, which gets approximately 10 times as much as does the lowest group, “over 60 hours”, 1,143 participants (38.1%) and 109 participants (3.6%) respectively. Others are shown in Figure 1, following

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As research result, the top 10 ranking of leisure activities for each of activities, base on mean scores. From top 10 ranking of activities; five were evaluated and ranked as “usually” (i.e. mean score of 3.50 to less than 4.49) including watch television (3.96), listen music (3.86), read newspaper (3.77), chatting (3,56), and see movies (3.50); and the rest of five activities were evaluated and ranked as “sometimes” (i.e. mean score of 2.50 to less than 3.49) including browse internet (3.44), visit friends (3.22), watch video program (3.06), read books (2.92), and go to shopping (2.68).

Fig. 1 Distribution on hours of working time per week Table 1 describes hours of participant’s free time per day (both weekdays and weekend) which used for leisure and recreational sport activities, include eight time groups from under 2 hours. There are gradually decrease from the highest group to lowest group in weekdays, “from 2 to 3 hours” group involved 717 participants (23.9%), which is larger five times than “from 7 to 8 hours” ones involved 146 participants (4.9%). In contrast, there are dramatically change from the highest group to next second group in weekend, the highest group, “over 8 hours” involved 1349 participants (45.0%), which is larger four times than the next second group, “from 7 to 8 hours” involved 334 participants (11.1%); however there are the gently change from the next second group to other ones. Other information about this section are shown on Table 1, following Table 1. Frequency analysis in Free time in one day (weekdays and weekend) Hours of free time in one day

Weekdays

Weekend

Freq.

%

Freq.

%

Under 2 hours

396

13.2

123

4.1

From 2 to 3 hours

717

23.9

150

5.0

From 3 to 4 hours

639

21.3

249

8.3

From 4 to 5 hours

468

15.6

293

9.8

From 5 to 6 hours

256

8.5

272

9.1

From 6 to 7 hours

158

5.3

230

7.7

From 7 to 8 hours

146

4.9

334

11.1

Over 8 hours

220

7.3

1349

45.0

Types of leisure and recreational sport activities. In this section, the researcher used the list of 50 leisure and recreational sport activities as the instrument to examine the frequency of participants who take part in these activities.

 

With recreational sport activities, the top 10 ranking for each of activities, base on mean scores. From top 10 ranking of activities; two were evaluated and ranked as “sometimes” (i.e. mean score of 2.50 to less than 3.49) including watch sports program (3.30), and go health fitness club (2.76), and eight activities were evaluated and ranked as “seldom” (i.e. mean score of 1.50 to less than 2.49) including jogging (2.30), go swimming (2.30), play chess (2.03), play billiards (1.99), hiking (1.87), play football (1.78), go camping (1.72), and do martial art (1.69). In addition, the researchers studied on the types of ideal recreational sport from the participants in the future. After that, the comparison were conducted between inner and suburb districts in order to determine the difference in participants. As the result, the participants desire to enjoy the balls recreational sport (such as futsal, triple player basket ball, pentange and tennis, etc.) in the first ranking, there are the same choice in results of inner and suburb districts’ participants. In the second ranking, the participants want to participate in the luxury recreational sport (such as golf, bowling, hunting, etc.), and there are also the same choice in results of inner and suburb districts’ participants. However, in the third ranking, the participants, in whole of Ho Chi Minh city and suburb districts, want to participate in the health recreational sport (such as Yoga, music martial arts, cycling, swimming, etc.), and there are change in the inner districts’ participants whom choose the adventure recreational sport (such as XGames, jetski sport, surfing, bungee, etc.) as the third ranking choice. Suitable time for recreational sport activities. In order to clearly understanding about the participants’ suitable time when they take part in recreational sport in present and in the future, the researchers studied and represented in this result. There are eight periods of time for participants to choose, from before 7 a.m. to after 7 p.m. The most suitable time for Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens to take part in recreational sport activities is “from 3 to 5 p.m.” (33.6%), next to second suitable time is “from 5 to 7 p.m.” (28.0%), and the third one is “before 7 a.m.” (13.8%). As the results about the suitable time for ideal recreational sport, there are the same choices with the

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010  time for participating recreational sport in present. However, Ho Chi Minh city’s participants trend to increase in the time “before 7 a.m.”, from reality (13.8%) to desire (18.3%); to decrease in the time “from 3 to 5 p.m.” and “from 5 to 7 p.m.”, from reality (33.6%) to desire (29.6%), and from reality (28.0%) to desire (25.0%), respectively. Finally, the most suitable time for both is still from 3 to 5 p.m. B. Recreational sport constraints of Ho Chi Minh City’s citizens. The constraints for participants take part in recreational sport were evaluated and ranked individually using the following scale (a) strongly influenced, 4.50-5.00; (b) influenced, 3.50-4.49; (c) normal, 2.50-3.49; (d) uninfluenced, 1.50-2.49; and (e) strongly uninfluenced, 1.00-1.49. Table 2 represents the rankings for each of the constraints identified, based on mean scores. From 13 constraints identified, eleven were evaluated and ranked as normal (i.e., mean score of 2.50 to less than 3.49) including facility/services condition (3.17), traffic condition (3.16), equipment (3.14), facility safety (2.97), climate/weather condition (2.95), and others are shown in Table 2. And, the rest of two constraint factors were evaluated and ranked as uninfluenced (i.e., mean score of 1.50 to less than 2.49) including family obligations (2.37) and family members’ recreational hobbies (2.14). Table 2. The participation constraints of recreational sport Recreational sport constraints

N

Mean

SD

Facility/services condition Traffic condition Equipment Facility safety Climate/weather condition Transportation/Distance Services instruction Time in general Information acquisition Friends support School/work pressure Family obligations Family members’ hobbies

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

3.17 3.16 3.14 2.97 2.95 2.93 2.81 2.77 2.77 2.64 2.56 2.37 2.14

1.301 1.294 1.312 1.371 1.328 1.261 1.314 1.285 1.362 1.356 1.320 1.335 1.237

To compare the recreational sport constraints with different districts, the mean values are examined by t-test in order to test the null hypothesis that the means are equal between sub-samples. In terms of the whole sample, the overall means of thirthteen constraints yielded from the inner districts and suburb districts are shown at Table 3.

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Table 3. Comparison between inner and suburb districts on recreational sport constraints Inner districts

Recreational sport constraints

Suburb districts

t

P

µi 2.62 2.81 2.36

SD 1.347 1.301 1.362

µs 2.28 2.62 2.41

SD 1.141 1.193 1.204

6.079 3.263 -.802

.000** .001** n.s.

Family members’ recreational hobbies

2.15

1.263

2.13

1.112

.285

n.s.

Facility safety Friends support Climate/weather condition Transportation/Distance Traffic condition

2.90 2.57 2.98 2.97 3.23

1.395 1.373 1.339 1.260 1.289

3.29 2.99 2.84 2.74 2.83

1.199 1.217 1.274 1.250 1.271

-6.575 -7.107 2.095 3.778 6.509

.000** .000** .036* .000** .000**

Facility/services condition

3.12

1.309

3.43

1.234

-4.962

.000**

Equipment 3.07 Services instruction 2.77 Information acquisition 2.74 Note: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01

1.325 1.318 1.373

3.48 2.98 2.89

1.194 1.286 1.304

-7.112 -3.344 -2.396

.000** .001** .017*

School/work pressure Time in general Family obligations

IV. CONCLUSIONS In this scientific research, the researchers interviewed 3,000 participants who take part in eight types of recreational sport in 24 districts of Ho Chi Minh city. 1. Watch television, listen music, and read newspaper, are the most popular leisure activities of participants. On the other hand, watch sports program (indirectly participate in recreational sport), go health fitness club, and jogging are three recreational sport which are the highest participating. 2. Almost subjects have hours of working time from 40 to 44 hours (38.15). In addition, the best suitable time for Ho Chi Minh city’s citizens when they participate in recreational sport is from 3 to 5 p.m. in present. 3. There are no differences on types of recreational sport in the first and second ranking (balls and luxury recreational sport, respectively) between the inner and suburb districts. However, from the third ranking, it has differences between two groups of participants. 4. With recreational sport constraint factors, facility/services condition is the strongest affected to participants in general. Almost recreational sport constraint factors are statistically significant differences between inner and suburb districts. School/work pressure is the greatest affected participants in the inner district; whereas, with people in the suburb districts, facility safety is the most influenced. REFERENCES 1.Godbey, G. (1985). Non-use of public leisure services: model. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 3, 1-12. 2.Howard, D., and Crompton, J. (1984). Who are the consumers of public park and recreation services? An analysis of the users and non-users of three municipal leisure service organizations. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 2, 33-48.

 

Journal of Sports Science and Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010  3.Hultsman, W. (1992). Constraints to activity participation in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 12, 280-299. 4.Lam, Q. T. (2009). Recreational sport in Vietnam. Lecture for the 1st Vietnam – Taiwan graduate sport management course. 5.McGuire, F. (1984). A factor analytical study of leisure constraints in advanced adulthood. Leisure Sciences, 6, 313-325. 6.McGuire, F., and O’Leary, J. (1992). The implications of leisure constraint research for the delivery of leisure services. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 10, 31-40. 7.Mull, R. F., Bayless, K. G., and Jamieson, L. M. (2005). Recreation Sport Management (4th ed.). Human Kinetics. 8.Searle, M., and Jackson, E. (1985). Recreation non-participation and barriers to participation: Considerations for the management of recreation delivery systems. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 3, 23-35.

 

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BLOOD IS SHUNTED FROM BONE TO MUSCLE DURING POST-EXERCISE HYPEREMIA IN THE HUMAN LEG Neuschwander, T. B.1, Macias, B. R.1, Zhang, Q.2, and Hargens, A. R.1 1

2

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract- The purpose of this study is to compare large arterial inflow, muscle microvascular flow, and bone microvascular flow in the human leg during postexercise hyperemia. We tested the hypothesis that anterior tibialis muscle microvascular flow would correlate with anterior tibialis arterial flow velocity during post-exercise hyperemia, and that post-exercise hyperemia would preferentially increase muscle microvascular flow at the expense of bone microvascular flow. Immediately following 1 min of 50N isometric dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, ten healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women, age range: 19 – 63) had left anterior tibialis muscle and artery flows measured with photoplethysmography (PPG) and pulsed ultrasound Doppler; six subjects (3 men, 3 women, age range: 23 – 44) had left anterior tibialis muscle and bone blood flows measured with PPG. Relative increases in muscle microvascular flow measured by PPG correlated linearly with maximum blood flow in the anterior tibialis artery as measured with pulsed ultrasound Doppler, R2=0.78 (p0.05. In the other motions, the difference between the pre and post tests of the joint range of motion in the strength group was significant p LF; LE > RF

RE > RF; RE > LF; LE > RF

RE > LF; LE > LF;

p LF; LE > LF

RE > RF; LE > RF

RE > RF; RE > LF LE > RF; LE > LF

p 180．/s

.943

1.000

.997 (unit: second)

Post Hoc

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230

MUSCLE AND SKIN MICROVASCULAR FLOWS IN THE HUMAN LEG ARE MODULATED BY LOWER BODY PRESSURE Zhang, Q.1, Macias, B.R. 2, Neuschwander, T. 2 and Hargens, A.R. 2 1

Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA

Abstract- Lower body pressure (LBP) exposures are widely used in environmental physiology and space medicine. Exposure to LBP alters vascular transmural pressures and thus, may affect local microcirculatory function. We hypothesized that lower body negative pressure (LBNP) decreases microvascular flow and that lower body positive pressure (LBPP) increases microvascular flow in supine human resting leg muscle and skin. LBP in eight supine healthy subjects was changed using a chamber sealed at the waist. Relative changes of muscle and skin microvascular flows and muscle oxygenation within the leg at rest were measured using photoplethysmography and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Measurements were continuously made during 1 min baseline at ambient pressure and 5 min of LBP at each of the following randomized pressures -40, -30, -20, -10, 10, 20, 30, 40 mmHg, each followed by 5 min of recovery. Supine LBNP at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mmHg decreased microvascular flows (p0.01). There athletic performance setting. In order to assess the anaerobic characteristics that an athlete possesses, sport specific was a significant difference in changes of blood lactate activities must be integrated. Specificity of training is defined amounts between two tests from rest to 3 min after test as “principle underlying construction of a training program for (r(29)=0.74, p≤0.01). Also there wasn’t significant difference a specific activity or skill and the primary energy system(s) in heart rate changes between two tests from rest to involved during performance” (1,3). The most valid measures immediately after tests (r(29)=0.27, p>0.01). The finding of of performance use sport specific skill components that are the present study showed that the TMAT is a valid and reliable closely related to the sport itself (16). Functional movements field test to assess anaerobic power of male wrestlers that are utilized and are considered an integral part of a given sport should be addressed when deciding on an appropriate performance. test. Sport specific functional movements that may require short bursts of speed and change of direction should be Keywords: New zigzag test, 30s Wingate test, Anaerobic incorporated into methods that measure anaerobic power.The power, Lactate, Elite wrestler. ability to produce high rates of power output is essential for performance in many sports ( 10). Freestyle wrestling is one I. Introduction of the main styles of amateur competitive wrestling. Freestyle wrestling is practiced in three two-minute periods with a 30second rest between rounds in current international 2

 

Journal of Sports Scienceand Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010  competition. A wrestler wins the match when he has won two out of three periods. Awrestling match requires tremendous physical activity, power and strength of body musculature as well as isometric force for various wrestling techniques (20). Power in wrestlers is related with quick and explosive effort that leads to wrestling success . Anaerobic power and capacity are important in wrestling because of the need of shortduration and high intensity performance. Wingate test can be used to reflect the maximum ability of wrestlers to generate power (17). The use of jump tests for anaerobic power assessment has more application as a sport-specific test than cycle or tredmill tests. The purpose of this investigation will be to determine whether a significant relationship existed between the (TMAT ) test and its components and the Wingate cycle ergometer test in male wrestlers.

II. MATERIAL AND METHODS Subjects Thirty moderately trained male wrestlers volunteered to participate in the study. Ethical procedures were approved by the wrestling ethics committee and after being fully informed of the nature of testing and experimental procedures each subject read and signed an informed consent form. Body composition and physiological characteristics of the subjects were measured prior to the testing (see Table 1).

Table 1 Body composition and physiological characteristics of the subjects (n=30). Age (yr) 23.93±3.41 Height (cm)

176.86±4.71

Body mass (kg)

7.70±19.77

Body fat (%)

13.21±2.31

Body mass index (kg.m-2)

24.91±6.19

HR rest (Beat.min-1)

64.22±6.56

429 

Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT) A 30 seconds Wingate test on a cycle ergometer (Monark 864) was used to measure anaerobic power in the laboratory condition. Saddle heights were adjusted to accommodate partial knee flexion of between 170° to 175° (with 180° denoting a straight leg position) during the down stroke. Feet were firmly supported by toe clips and straps. All subjects were instructed to remain seated during the test and were verbally encouraged to perform maximal.All subjects performed a standardized 5 min warm up prior to experimental data collection (15). Subjects were given a rolling start at 60 rev.min-1 for a 5 sec period prior to resistive force application. On the command 'go', the subjects began to pedal maximally, the resistive force applied simultaneously, and data capture initiated. Indices of performance were calculated from flywheel revolutions using an inertia corrected computer program (10). Peak power output, mean power output, end power output and fatigue index [FI = (peak power - minimum power) / peak power] protocol were stored on computer for future analysis. Tarbiat Modares Anaerobic Test (TMAT) TMAT is a new zigzag jump test consists of 6 bouts of 8 peer zigzag jump with 10 second rest between them. The height of hurdle was 20 cm and the distance of jumping line to hurdle was 10 cm (figure 1). Power of each stage was calculated in the TMAT directions using the following formula: P = = [16 (

)

(

)] / t = (8mg

0.43906)/t

t = time of each stage (sec) m = body mass (kg) l = horizontal displacement (25 cm) h = hurdle height (20 cm) Overall Procedure

100 cm

Measures Anthropometrics Individual subject body mass, stature and body composition was determined using a calibrated Body composition Analyzer (Inbody 3.0, Korea).

H= 20 

10 cm 5 cm 10 cm

Figure 1: Tarbiat Modares Anaerobic Test (TMAT)

 

Journal of Sports Scienceand Technology Volume 10 No 2S, 2010 

Testing was completed over a four week time period. Week 1 consisted of cycle ergometer and field test habituation periods. These were performed at the same relative time interval as the experimental protocols themselves. Anthropometric data was also collected and recorded during this period. Cycle ergometry testing and field measures were commenced in week 2 and continued in weeks 3 and 4. All subjects returned to perform the remaining test with one week intervening between experimental conditions and were instructed to avoid heavy exercise during the 24 hours preceding the tests. In the both tests, changes of blood lactate (before and 3 minutes after test) and heart rate (before and 30 seconds after test) were measured and peak, average and minimum power values and fatigue indices was determined. Also, subjects were tested on 2 separate occasions for reliability assess of TMAT.

430 

Table 2 Differences and correlations between WAnT and TMAT (n=30). Variables

WAnT

TMAT

TMAT

(test)

(retest)

07.30±197.17

69.2±63.04 a

76.03±68.37b

Mean power (w)

459.43±118.41

457.23±64.60

459.46±62.70

Minimum power (w)

254.33±65.83

Peak power(w)

Fatigue index % (w.s-1)

445.60±67.2a

35.10±53.90

r

ICC

0.92*

0.984

0.91*

0.985

0.88*

0.937

67.96±1.88

5.40±2.8b

8.23±4.8 b

0.21

0.994

Lactate 0min (mmol.l-1)

2.58±0.55

2.92±.57a

3.15±0.3 b

0.62*

0.531

Lactate 3min (mmol.l-1)

12.77±2.05

3.37±1.47a

0.79*

0.855

HR 0sec (beat.min1)

71.76±6.10

76.53±4. a

0.65*

0.726

HR 30sec (beat.min1)

77.56±16.79

80.73±10.68

0.31

0.537

III. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using a computerized statistical package (SPSS, Ver. 17; Surrey England). For confirmation that all dependent variables were normally distributed was assessed via repeated Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Pairedsamples t test was used to determine differences in physiological factors between the TMAT and WAnT as well as between the two TMAT trials. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the relationships of the WAnT and TMAT variables. Also, Intra class correlation coefficient (R) was used for test-retest reliability. The level of significance was set at p