Abstract. Ribes uva-crispa L. 'Jeanne' is a late-ripening, dark red, dessert gooseberry with an unknown European pedigree. This genotype has been observed ...
'Jeanne' Gooseberries Kim E. Hummer and Barbara M. Reed USDA-ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd. OR 97333 USA Keywords: Ribes uva-crispa, germplasrn release, P1 555830 Abstract Ribes uva-crispa L. 'Jeanne' is a late-ripening, dark red, dessert gooseberry with an unknown European pedigree. This genotype has been observed for 24 years in Oregon, under the selection numbers O.T. 126, CRIB 11, and P1 555830. It was donated to the USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in 1981, from the Ribes collection maintained by the USDA and Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture, in Corvallis, Oregon. its origin prior to Corvallis is undocumented. 'Jeanne' was named in honor of the late Ms. Cheryl Jeanne Gunning, who worked in the tissue culture laboratory of the NCGR from 1981 to 1985. 'Jeanne' buds break during the last week of March in Corvallis, Oregon. Full bloom occurs in mid- to late-April, about one to two weeks after blooms of R. uvacrispa 'Mailing Invicta' or 'Captivator'. The fruit ripens from mid- to late-July, about one week later than the fruit of 'Mailing Invicta' or 'Captivator', and is ripe for about one week. The fruit ripens to a deeper red than those of 'Captivator'. The fruit weighed about 5.0 g/berry (7 year average), tended to be smaller than those of 'Mailing invicta', but larger than those of 'Captivator'. The yield from 'Jeanne' is higher than from many other gooseberry plants. The fruit taste is full, sweet, and improved over 'Captivator'. The plant tends to be somewhat spreading, growing to 1.5 m x 1.5 m, and has single, nodal thorns. The leaves and fruits of 'Jeanne' are highly resistant to powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca mors-uva (Schwein). Berk. & Curt. The leaves are also highly resistant to white pine blister rust, caused by ('ronartiurn ribicola Fisher. Damage from aphids (capitophorus ribis L.) or defoliation from sawflies (Pachynematus spp.) is less severe on 'Jeanne' than in other European gooseberries. Black leaf spot, caused by Drepanopeziza ribis (KIeb.) Hohn, is visible on some leaves in summer, but does not appear to cause plant damage. We recommend this cultivar for home plantings or commercial gooseberry production in the Pacific Northwestern United States and in other temperate climate zones. We expect that this cultivar will be good for organic production because of its pest resistance and very good fruit quality. It could extend the production season of red gooseberries beyond that of 'Captivator'. INTRODUCTION AND ORIGIN In 1981, O.T. 126, a gooseberry selection of undocumented European origin, was donated to the NCGR from the Rihes collection held jointly by the USDA and Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture, Corvallis, Oregon. This genotype was given the local number CRIB II, and assigned P1 555830. Its origin prior to Corvallis is undocumented (Garren, pers. comm.). The original selection number cannot be traced to previously known Ribes breeding programs of the 1960's or 1970s, such as those of Geneva, New York, Smithfield, Ontario, Canada, or Beltsville, Maryland. Over the past 24 years, this gooseberry has performed well in Corvallis, Oregon. Visiting scientists and Rjhes enthusiasts have recommended it as a candidate for release. This paper summarizes the qualities of this genotype. 'Jeanne' was named in honor of the late Ms. Cheryl Jeanne Gunning, who worked in the tissue culture laboratory of the NCGR from 1981 to 1985. METHODS Since 1981, Jeanne' has been maintained in the Rihes field plantings of the Proc. IX°' Intl. Rubus and Ribes Symp. Eds.: P. Banados and A. Dale Ada Hort. 777, ISHS 2008
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NCGR. These plantings include named selections or cultivars of 350 gooseberries and currants, as well as 300 representatives of wild species. The present planting was repropagated and field planted in 1992. Each year the plants were winter pruned, in November or December, with removal of deadwood and one third of the oldest canes per year. Secondary detained pruning for thinning was also performed. A winter dormant spray of copper sulfate and oil was annually applied. Urea fertilizer was applied in spring. Pre-emergent herbicide sprays of oryzalin and glyphosate were applied each spring. Fungicides and aphicides were sprayed in spring based on disease and insect pressure. The Ribes field planting was irrigated biweekly from mid-June through the end of September, except in times of extreme heat. Sawdust mulch was applied annually to a I m wide strip down the plant rows. Phenologic, morphometric, and pest resistance data were observed and recorded on this genotype in comparison with other Ribés cultivars in the collection over the past 24 years (GRIN, 2005). Analysis of variance was performed on mean fruit weight of 10 berries per cultivar collected on 15 July 2004. Additional information was obtained from a Rihes planting in Zomergem, East Flanders, Belgium, in 2002. The plants there were organically grown and under a high infection pressure for powdery mildew (M. Geens, pers. comm.). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Flowers and Fruit For this study, R. uva-crispa 'Mailing Invicta' (Daubney, 1997), a 1981 release from East Mailing, and 'Captivator' (APS Press, 1997) a 1952 Canadian release, were used as standard gooseberries for trait comparisons. In most years, first leaf occurred on 'Jeanne' in late March, full bloom occurred mid- to late-April, seven days to two weeks later than 'Mailing Invicta' or 'Captivator' (GRIN, 2005). The flowers were inconspicuous, < 1 cm long, with one, or occasionally two, per node. The sepals were white, with an occasional tinge of red, and reflexed upon maturing. The petals and exerted anthers and pistil were pure white. The bell-shaped hypanthium was light green. The pedicels were short and segmented. The globose fruit began green and ripened to deep maroon-red in the sunlight. Shaded fruit were slower to ripen. Yellow and green veins were visible through the skin, but darkened as the fruit ripened. The fruit weighed about 5.0 g/berry (7 year average, Table 1). tended to be smaller than those of 'Mailing Invicta', but larger than those of 'Captivator' (Fig. 1). Barney and Hummer (2005) listed fruits of O.T. 26, i.e., 'Jeanne', to he slightly smaller than those of 'Captivator'. This data was taken in 1990 (Table I) and green fruit from 'Jeanne' were measured that year. 'Jeanne' fruits ripen in mid- to late-July, and remain ripe for about one week. The fruit ripen to a deeper red than those of 'Captivator'. Overripe fruits drop and are not persistent on the plant. The yield was about 1.5 kg per plant. The dried perianth was persistent on the fruit. The fruit taste was full, sweet, and improved over 'Captivator' (Geens, pers. comm.). Plant 'Jeanne' had a somewhat spreading growth habit with sprawling lower branches. Plants grew to a moderate size of about 1.5 m x 1.5 m. The leaves were glossy green in spring and summer. Some branches had an occasional single spine per node. The spines were about 0.9 cm. Disease and Insect Resistance In Corvallis, Oregon, and in Belgium, the leaves and fruits of 'Jeanne' were highly resistant to powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca mors-uva (Schwein). Berk. & Curt. Both locations had high infection pressure for mildew and other cultivars were severely to moderately infected with powdery mildew. 190
In Oregon, the leaves were highly resistant to white pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola Fisher. Between 1995 and 2005, no uredia formed on 'Jeanne' under natural infection in Corvallis, Oregon. A few uredia formed on leaves of this plant after artificial inoculation in the field with 20,000 spores/nil. Aphids (Capirophorus ribs L.) did not infest this plant in Belgium (Geens, pers. comm.). In Corvallis, damage from aphids or defoliation from sawflies (Pachynernatus spp.) was less severe on 'Jeanne' than in other European gooseberries. Black leaf spot, caused by Drepanopeziza rihis (KIeb.) 1-john, is visible on some leaves in summer, but does not appear to cause plant damage. Availability Genetic material of this release is deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System, at NCGR Corvallis, Oregon, where it will be available for research purposes, including development and commercialization of new cultivars. Limited quantities of 'Jeanne' cuttings or rooted plants are available from: Curator, USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521. The Agricultural Research Service does not have plants for commercial sale. We expect that this cultivar will be good for organic production because of its pest resistance and very good fruit quality. It could extend the production season of red gooseberries beyond that of 'Captivator'. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors appreciate the financial support from CRIS 5358-21000-033-OOD for this project. The authors also appreciate the technical assistance of Stan Pluta, Marc Geens, Michael Dolan, Joe Snead and Beth Timmons in data collection and plant management. Literature Cited APS Press. 1997. Gooseberry. p.246-257. In: The Brooks and Olmo Register of Fruit and 3(1 ed. Alexandria, VA. Nut Varieties, Barney, D. and Hummer, K. 2005. Currants, Gooseberries and Jostaherries. Food Products Press of Haworth Press, Inc., Binghampton, NY. p.92-103. Daubney, H. 1997. Gooseberry. HortScience 32(5):789 790. GRIN. 2005. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Gernip/asm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germpiasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov2/cgibin/npgs/html/obs.pl? 1450802 (07 November 2005). Tables Table 1. Mean berry weight (g, n = 10) of R. uva-crispa cvs. Jeanne, Mailing Invicta, and Captivator. Luitivar Year Location Jeanne M. Invicta Captivator 1988 Corvallis 5.6 1990 Corvallis 4.0z 6.1 4.8 1995 Corvallis 4.1 5.9 3.9 1997 Corvallis 5.0 5.4 3.3 2002 Belgium 5.6 6.4 5.9 2004 Corvallis 7.2 2.5 2005 Corvallis 3.4 Measured when fruit was green (Immature).
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Figures
Fig. I. Mean weight of 10 berries of each of four gooseberry (R. uva-crispa L.) cultivars collected 15 July 2004. Bars represent standard deviation.
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