Late Breaking Abstracts - Wiley Online Library

ABSTRACTS

Late Breaking Abstracts Track 1: From genes to cells Session 2: Brown and beige fat T1:S2:12 The Association Between Body Fatness And Brown Adipose Tissue In Humans: The Evaluation By Near-infrared Time-resolved Spectroscopy

Fuse, S.*1; Nirengi, S.2; Homma, T.3; Kime, R.1; Murase, N.1; Kurosawa, Y.1; Hamaoka, T.1 1 Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University; 2Cilinical Reserch Institute, Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center; 3Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the ability to dissipate energy in the form of heat by oxidation of glucose and lipids. Thus, increasing the amount and activity of BAT is expected to prevent obesity and lifestyle-related diseases. The aim was to examine the chronological and gender differences of human BAT, %body fat (%BF), and visceral fat. The volunteers in the teens to sixties were divided in the 3 groups (G1, G2, and G3, respectively) participated [G1: teens + twenties, n = 99 (49/50), G2: thirties + forties, n = 78 (40/ 38), and G3: fifties + sixties, n = 42 (20/22), respectively; n = total numbers (men/women)]. We measured BAT density in the supraclavicular region in thermoneutral conditions using novel, noninvasive near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS)(Nirengi et al. 2015). BAT density was 88.4 ± 35.4 μM for G1, 68.9 ± 24.4 μM for G2, and 57.7 ± 23.2 μM for G3. The %BF was 21.0 ± 7.2 %, 25.9 ± 9.1 %, and 28.8 ± 7.9 %, respectively. Visceral fat area was 2 2 2 33.7 ± 14.7 cm , 61.6 ± 31.4 cm , and 83.1 ± 45.9 cm , respectively. We found a significant lower BAT density with advancing in age and a significant higher BAT density in men subjects. There was a significant correlation between BAT density and %BF (r = -0.434, p < 0.05) and BAT density and visceral fat (r = -0.442, p < 0.05) after adjusting gender and age. It is suggested that human BAT density measured varies in gender and age and influences body fatness.

T1:S2:13 Role of EPAC in differentiation of murine brown adipocytes Reverte Salisa, L.*; Gnad, T.; Pfeifer, A. University of Bonn The effects of the second messenger cAMP are mainly mediated by two intracellular effectors: protein kinase A (PKA) and the recently discovered exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). The activation of the PKA signaling pathway in mature brown adipocytes (BA) leads to the activation of lipolysis, which controls non-shivering thermogenesis; but less is known about the effect of EPAC. There are two isoforms of EPAC. However, only EPAC1 is present and differentially expressed during differentiation of murine BA. To further investigate the role of cAMP downstream signaling on murine BA differentiation, an EPAC selective activator (EPACact.: 007-AM) was used. Chronic treatment with EPAC-act. resulted in a remarkable increase in lipid droplet accumulation as

© 2016 The Authors obesity reviews © 2016 World Obesity

shown with Oil-Red-O-Staining to an extent comparable to cGMP, which has previously been demonstrated to be essential for differen1 tiation of BA . Furthermore, protein levels of PPARγ were significantly increased by the EPAC-activator and showed a tendency to elevate UCP1 levels. Also, a significant mRNA upregulation of the adipogenic markers aP2 and PPARγ and increased mRNA amounts of the thermogenic markers PGC1α and UCP1 were observed. From these data, we hypothesize that cAMP activity it is not uniquely mediated via PKA and that EPAC plays an important role in the differentiation of murine BA. References: 1. Haas, B., et al. Protein kinase G controls brown fat cell differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Sci Signal 2, ra78 (2009).

T1:S2:14 About the importance of puringergic metabolism in brown adipose tissue activation. Scheibler, S.*; Gnad, T.; Pfeifer, A. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Saskia Scheibler*#, Thorsten Gnad*, Alexander Pfeifer*# * Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sigmund-FreudStr. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany # Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in energy expenditure in mammals and thus represents a self-evident pharmacologi1 cal target to the world-wide obesity problem. In previous studies we have demonstrated a stimulating effect of adenosine on lipolysis in human and murine brown adipocytes (BA). Moreover, we could show that adenosine is released together with NE and ATP from BAT in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation by an electrical field. Additionally, mice deficient for the ectonucleotidase CD73 show lower basal adenosine levels, indicating ATP as a source of extracellular adenosine. In vitro studies of murine BA revealed a higher mRNA expression of the key enzymes that are metabolizing ATP compared to primary white adipocytes (WA). CD39 exhibited a ~10-fold higher mRNA-expression whereas CD73 was upregulated up to 12-fold. Furthermore, enzyme activity studies revealed a higher activity of these ecto-enzymes in BA, resulting in a faster metabolization of exogeneous ATP to adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine in the cell culture supernatant, compared to primary white adipocytes. In conclusion, our data indicate significant differences between BAT and WAT concerning metabolism of purinergic transmitters/signals.

Session 4: Genes, epigenomics and nutrigenomics T1:S4:19 BDNF Val66Met genotype and its role on impulsive eating behaviour

Lee, Y.K.*1; Kennedy, J.L.2; Müller, D.J.2; Gaudreau, H.3; Steiner, M.4; Silveira, P.P.5; Meaney, M.J.3; Levitan, R.D.2 199

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1

Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; 3Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University; 4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University; 5Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the differentiation and survival of neurons during brain development. BDNF is also known to regulate eating behavior. Recently, the dopaminergic pathway was linked to spontaneous food intake in pre-school children. Since BDNF plays an important role in the development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons, it is possible that BDNF is also linked to an impulsive eating trait. At the genetic level, the Met allele of the functional BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism has been associated with better response inhibition as measured by the Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 task. We investigated whether BDNF Val66Met predicts performance on two neurocognitive measures of response inhibition relevant to eating behavior in pre-school children. Since there are gender differences in eating behaviours, we expect gender-specific associations between BDNF Val66Met and response inhibition. We investigated the association between BDNF Val66Met and two measures of response inhibition: The Snack Delay Task and The Stop Signal Task. The former measures food motivated response inhibition. Analysis was performed on a developmental cohort using data obtained at age 3 and 4. Gender was first used as a covariate and then as an interaction term. Results indicate a genotype by gender interaction on Snack Delay Task performance (F = 6.322, df = 1, p = 0.013). Upon stratification by gender, the Met allele in males (F = 7.859, df = 1, p = 0.006) was associated with a lower score on the Snack Delay task, which is indicative of an impulsive phenotype. These results suggest that male carriers of the BDNF Met allele may have a more impulsive trait detectable only in the context of a food stimulus. Since the Snack Delay has been reported to be associated with BMI, performance on this task could be a mediator between the effects of BDNF Val66Met and an overeating phenotype.

T1:S4:20 The presence of BCAT (rs11548193) and BCKDH (rs45500792) polymorphism is associated with higher body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides and leptin in young adults

Guevara-Cruz, M.G.C.*1; Vargas-Morales, J.V.M.2; MendezGarcia, A.M.G.2; Medina-Vera, I.M.V.1; Vazquez-Manjarrez, N.V.M.1; López-Barradas, A.L.B.1; Granados, O.G.1; OrdazNava, G.O.N.1; Rocha-Viggiano, A.R.V.1; Medina-Cerda, E. M.C.2; Torres, N.T.1; Tovar, A.R.T.1; Noriega, L.G.N.1 1 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; 2Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi An increase in plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) is associated with a 5-fold higher risk for development of type 2 diabetes. BCAA are catabolized by the branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). However, little is known about the effect of genetic variation in these enzymes on biochemical parameters related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the BCAT (rs11548193) and BCKDH polymorphism (rs45500792) and its association with clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters in young adults. We performed an observational, transversal and comparative study

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including 1616 young adults that provided a blood sample for DNA extraction and biochemical analysis. In addition, we obtained a clinical history and evaluated food intake habits. The polymorphism was determined by allelic discrimination using real time PCR. The frequency for the non-common allele for BCAT2 was 8% and for BCKDH was 5%. Subjects with the BCKDH polymorphism had higher BMI and protein intake (P < 0.05) and subjects with both polymorphisms had higher body weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and leptin between both genotypes (P < 0.05). Thus, the presence of both BCAT (rs11548193) and BCKDH (rs45500792) polymorphism is associated with an increase of biochemical parameters associated with metabolic syndrome. This work was supported by CONACYT 202721

Session 6: Molecular and cellular biology of non-adipocytes T1:S6:08 Role Of Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase In High Fat Diet Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction And Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Navarro, C.D.C.; Dal’Bó, G.A.; Oliveira, H.C.F.*; Castilho, R.F.; Vercesi, A.E. State University of Campinas Obesity is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which development involves mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. Mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) influences cell and organelle redox homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible role of NNT in liver mitochondria disturbances and NASH induced by high-fat diet (HDF). For this purpose, Nnt mutants were compared to Nnt wild type mice after 18 weeks on a HFD. Liver isolated mitochondria were evaluated for rates of oxygen consumption, calcium ion uptake and retention, H2O2 production and organic peroxide metabolization. We observed higher weight gain (40%) and more severe NASH in Nnt mutant compared with Nnt wild-type mice under HFD. No alterations were found in mitochondria respiration but HFD increased H2O2 production by 40% in Nnt mutant and 30% in wild type mice (p < 0.05). In addition, HFD reduced both organic peroxide metabolization and Ca2+ retention capacity by 50% in Nnt mutant mice compared with chow diet. Such a HFD effect was not seen in wild type mitochondria. Taken together, these results show that an association between NNT deficiency and HFD leads to redox homeostasis disruption, higher susceptibility to Ca2+ induced mitochondrial permeability transition and exacerbated NASH and obesity. Thus, redox state regulation by NNT seems to have a protective role against mitochondrial dysfunction and NASH development induced by high fat diet.

Session 8: White adipose tissue: Development, products and function T1:S8:09 Low Vitamin D Exacerbates High Fat Diet-induced Adipose Tissue Expansion And Obesity Chang, E.*; Lee, S.; Jung, S.; Kim, Y. Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University © 2016 The Authors obesity reviews © 2016 World Obesity

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During the progression of obesity, adipose tissue not only stores excess fat, but also synthesizes and secretes adipocyte-derived factors regulating insulin sensitivity. A close relationship between obesity and vitamin D has been implicated. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate that body fat content is negatively associated with vitamin D status. Moreover, vitamin D receptor and 1α-hydroxylase, a key enzyme for vitamin D metabolism are expressed in adipose tissue contributing to local activation of vitamin D and adipose tissue function. To further investigate the mechanisms how vitamin D affects body fat content and obesity, we used Sprague-Dawley rats (5 week of age) fed with a low-fat diet (LFD) alone or 45% high-fat diet (HFD) including 100 or 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored twice a week. Between 100 and 1000 IU vitamin D levels in HFD, 100 IU vitamin D significantly aggravates HFD-increased body weight and adipose tissue weights (P < 0.05). Without changing liver toxicity measured by serum ALT and AST and hepatic lipid levels such as triglycerides, cholesterol and free fatty acids, low vitamin D (100 IU) significantly increases serum total cholesterol (P < 0.05). Chronic consumption of low vitamin D increased adipose size and adipogenic gene expression of PPAR-γ, but significantly reduced PPAR-α gene level involved in fatty acid oxidation (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest low vitamin D significantly increased adipocyte fat accumulation and obesity by at least partial involvement of adipogenesis and fatty oxidation in adipose tissue.

T1:S8:10 DIRAS3 and IGF-1 are long-term weight-loss target genes induced in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue-derived stromal/progenitor cells regulating akt-mTOR signaling, adipogenesis and autophagy

Ejaz, A.1; Mitterberger, M.C.1; Zhen, L.2; Mattesich, M.3; Zwierzina, M.E.4; Hörl, S.1; Kaiser, A.1; Viertler, H.P.1; Rostek, U.1; Meryk, A.1; Khalid, S.5; Pierer, G.3; Bast, R. C.2; Zwerschke, W.*1 1 Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck; 2Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; 3 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University; 4Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University; 5Department of Visceral, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University Long-term weight-loss (WL) interventions reduce insulin serum levels, protect from obesity, and postpone age-associated diseases. The impact of long-term WL on adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) is unknown. We identified DIRAS3 and IGF-1 as long-term WL target genes up-regulated in ASCs in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of formerly obese donors (WLDs). We show that DIRAS3 negatively regulates Akt, mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling in ASCs undergoing adipogenesis, acts as negative regulator of this pathway and an activator of autophagy. Studying the IGF-1DIRAS3 interaction in ASCs of WLDs, we demonstrate that IGF1, although strongly up-regulated in these cells, hardly activates Akt, while ERK1/2 and S6K1 phosphorylation is activated. Overexpression of DIRAS3 in WLD ASCs completely inhibits Akt phosphorylation also in the presence of IGF-1. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is slightly reduced under these conditions and S6K1 remains also active to some extent. In conclusion, our data suggest that DIRAS3 selectively down-regulates the IGF-1R-Akt-mTOR branch in ASCs of WLDs and channels the IGF-1 stimulus away from Akt to the ERK1/2 branch. Moreover, DIRAS3 inhibits adipogenesis and activates autophagy in these cells.


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Track 2: From cells to integrative biology Session 10: Central and peripheral regulation of appetite and energy balance T2:S10:21 Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Enhances Lipolysis Rates And Energy Expenditure, Reducing Adiposity In Transgenic Mice Raposo, H.F.; Patricio, P.R.; Paiva, A.A.; Oliveira, H.C.F.* State University of Campinas Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a plasma protein that mediates the exchange of triglycerides for esterified cholesterol from HDL to the apoB containing lipoproteins. In this way, CETP promotes reduction of plasma HDL- cholesterol and, thus, increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Here, we have identified a new role for CETP, in that CETP may modulate adiposity. Under low fat diet, transgenic mice (C57/BL6 background) expressing humam CETP (hCETP-Tg) present less adipose tissue mass (~30%) and leptinemia (40%) when compared to non-transgenic controls. This reduction in adiposity was not compensated by lipid ectopic deposition and could not be explained by differences in fat intake and excretion. Lipogenesis rates, lipid retention and glucose uptake showed no significant differences between groups. Lipolysis rates and whole body energy expenditure were elevated in CETP-Tg mice (50 and 10%, respectively). In accordance, mRNA expression of lipolysis genes (HSL, ATGL, B3AR) were increased in visceral adipose, as well as UCP1 in brown adipose tissue. The anti-adipogenic role of CETP was confirmed in two other animal models. CETP inhibition in hamsters resulted in increased body weight gain and adipocytes size. An independent mice line expressing simian CETP showed reduction in adiposity (30%) and increased lipolysis rates (~25%) when compared to non-transgenic controls. These findings disclose a novel anti-adipogenic role for CETP.

T2:S10:22 Can Neurocognitive Enhancement With TDCS Improve Weight Loss Maintenance? A Clinical Trial Protocol And Preliminary Findings

Alonso-Alonso, M.*1; Butsch, W.S.2; Magerowski, G.1; Goedkoop, S.2; Murphy, C.A.2; Suresh, C.2; Makimura, H.2 1 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; 2Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Successful weight loss maintenance has been associated with brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and performance in cognitive tests related to executive functions. Recent short-term studies with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain modulation technique, have reported acute decreases in appetite, food craving and body weight when applied over DLPFC. The relevance of these findings in the clinical context of obesity remains unknown. The aim of this study is to examine whether neurocognitive enhancement with tDCS over DLPFC can facilitate weight loss maintenance after diet-induced weight loss. Study protocol: Participants (20-55y; BMI 30-50) undergo a 10-week supervised low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d) based on meal replacements. Those who are able to lose at least 5-10% body weight are randomized to receive a 10-day tDCS intervention (active or

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sham) designed to enhance DLPFC activity and executive functions under the presence of food (weeks 9-10). Subsequently, patients are transitioned into a normal solid diet with minimal advice/support on calorie control and physical activity. Pre-, post-intervention (11 weeks) and end-of-study (26 weeks) evaluations include body weight (primary endpoint), appetite and compensatory hormonal responses (secondary endpoints). Preliminary results: From a total of 13 enrolled patients, 6 achieved the weight reduction goal and received the tDCS intervention (2 sham, 4 real). At 11 weeks, the active group lost 13% body weight (or 32% excess body weight loss (EWL), while sham lost 10% (40% EWL). We observed a trend for more weight regain (11-26w) in the sham group (4.4%; EWL 16.3%) than in the active group (1.1%, EWL 3.6%) (p = 0.175). The active group had also lower scores in fullness and desire to eat. No significant adverse effects occurred. These preliminary findings support feasibility of this novel approach. Further evaluation of its clinical impact is warranted.

T2:S10:23 Energy balance and fat and fat-free mass changes during rapid weight loss program

Kondo, E.*1; Shiose, K.2; Sagayama, H.3; Yamada, Y.4; Osawa, T.2; Motonaga, K.2; Ouchi, S.2; Kamei, A.2; Nakajima, K.2; Higaki, Y.5; Tanaka, H.5; Takahashi, H.2 1 Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; 2 Japan Institute of Sports Sciences; 3University of Wisconsin; 4 National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; 5Fukuoka University

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1 Internal Medicine D & Obesity Clinic, Hasharon Hospital Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva Israel; 2Beck Medical ltd. Givat Ada, Israel; 3Ear Nose & throat Department, Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; 4Internal Medicine A, Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

Background: It is well known that food cues, including smell, increase the amount of consumed food, particularly among overweight and obese people. Aims: To assess the safety and efficacy of novel smell attenuating device on weight reduction and eating habits. Method: The investigational device is an innovative silicone apparatus for insertion into nasal cavity (Fig. 1) that attenuates smelling while enabling unobstructed breathing. The study was designed as a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial and conducted on obese adults. Study group subjects used the device for at least 5 hours a day; control group subjects administered two saline drops once daily. Results: 65 subjects completed the study: 37 in the study group; mean age 52 years and 28 in the control group; mean age 50 years. Overall, 6.6% (6.8 kg) of weight loss was demonstrated in the study group and 5.7% (5.9 kg) in the control group, (p = 0.34). However, the difference was significant (p = 0.01) among the subjects younger than 51 years old: 7.7% in the study group vs. 4.0% in the control

Background: To clarify the relationship between target weight and daily energy balance during weight loss program is essential to nutritional management. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between energy balance and body composition changes during rapid weight loss (RWL) in the athletes. Methods: Eight male collegiate wrestlers (20.4 ± 0.5y, 169.7 ± 3.5 cm, 73.7 ± 8.0 kg) completed a 53-hour RWL (6% of body weight; BW) program. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by doubly labeled water (DLW), and energy intake (EI) was measured. Energy loss (EL) during the period was obtained by subtracting EI from TEE. Body composition was measured by four-component model (4C) with stable isotope dilution, dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was also used at pre and post-RWL. Results: The BW significantly decreased at post-WL (-4.7 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.001). The loss of fat mass assessed by the dilution method and DXA did not differ from 4C (-0.6 ± 0.4 kg), whereas that assessed by ADP (-1.5 ± 0.6 kg, P < 0.01) and BIA (-2.5 ± 0.6 kg, P < 0.001) was significantly greater than that of 4C. The EL calculated from change of fat and fat free mass assessed by 4C, the dilution method and DXA was consistent with the EL obtained by DLW and EI measurement. Conclusions: The accurate assessment of body composition change exactly reflect the energy balance during rapid weight loss program.

T2:S10:24 Novel smelling attenuation device: weight loss in obese adults.

Dicker, D.D.*1; Marcovicu, M.D.1; Beck, B.A.2; Mazzawi, M.S.3; Markel, M.A.4

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group (BMI graph Fig. 2). The difference in eating habits was also significant among the subjects younger than 51 years old: 77% in the study group consumed less sugar vs. 8% in the control group (p < 0.001); and 31% vs. 0% respectively consumed less artificial sweeteners (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The device was proven to be effective in weight reduction and in change of food preferences among obese adults younger than 51 year old.

Session 14: Microbiota and obesity &obesity-related disease T2:S14:11 Urban-Rural Differences In The Microbiome And Metabolome In The Context Of Rapid Urbanization And Increasing Obesity In China

Winglee, K.1; Howard, A.G.2; Sha, W.1; Gharaibeh, R.1; Liu, J.3; Jin, D.3; Fodor, A.1; Gordon-Larsen, P.*2 1 UNC-Charlotte; 2UNC-Chapel Hill; 3Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Urbanization is associated with increased risk for obesity and comorbidities, which also show strong associations with the microbiome. While microbial community composition varies in traditional versus Westernized societies, few studies have examined urban-rural differences in neighboring communities within a single urbanizing country. We assessed differences in microbial community (16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of fecal samples) and microbiotarelated plasma metabolites in rural versus recently urban subjects from Hunan province, China. We found urban-rural differences in microbes and metabolites, including increased abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and decreased overall microbial diversity at lower taxonomic levels in urban participants. Microbes with higher relative abundance in the urban Chinese were substantially more prevalent in Americans in the Human Microbiome Project. Ten of the 16 significantly different metabolites were involved in lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism (key differences in Western vs traditional diets). Combining microbiome with anthropometric and other survey or metabolite data decreased ability to distinguish urban vs participants; combining metadata and metabolite data gave an area under the curve of 92%. Our data suggest changes at more derived levels of the phylogenetic tree, producing convergent evolution in American and urban Chinese populations resulting in similar abundant microbes through similar lifestyles on different continents.

T2:S14:12 Association Of Precocious Puberty And Obesity In Chinese Children

Chen, C.1; Zhang, Y.2; Sun, W.3; Chen, Y.4; Jiang, Y.5; Song, Y.6; Zhu, Q.3; Wang, X.7; Liu, S.J.*8; Jiang, F.3 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center; 2Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center; 3Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center; 4 Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine; 5Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine; 6Shanghai Children’s Medical Center; 7Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center; 8Department of Clinical Epide miology, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center © 2016 The Authors obesity reviews © 2016 World Obesity

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Objective: To examine associations of precocious puberty with obesity in 6–12 year old children in China. Subjects and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted by multistage and stratified cluster random sampling. Physical examinations including height, weight and sexual development were performed. Obesity was justified according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Precocious puberty was identified as being breast Tanner stage 2 (B2) or pubic hair Tanner stage 2 (PH2) or above in girls under 8 years, and being PH2 stage and testicle Tanner stage 2 or above in boys under 9 years. Results: Total 17,620 children participated. Overall detection rate of precocious puberty was 9.1%; detection rates in girls and boys were 21.8% and 3.0%, respectively. Detection rates increased with body mass index (BMI) gain among boys and girls. Odds ratios (OR) for precocious girls with obesity, central obesity and peripheral obesity were 8.63 (95%CI = 5.61–13.27), 7.90 (95%CI = 4.98–12.53) and 8.18 (4.02-16.66), respectively, and for precocious boys with obesity, central obesity and peripheral obesity were 2.14 (95% CI = 1.39–3.28), 2.14 (95%CI = 1.10–3.26) and 2.18 (0.86-5.55), respectively. The median age of thelarche, pubarche and testicular development decreased as BMI increased. The median ages of B2 and PH2 in girls were 10.86 and 12.56 years in the severe thinness group, 9.88 and 11.13 years in the thinness group, 8.85 and 10.73 years in the normal weight group, 7.68 and 10.22 years in the overweight group, and 7.14 and 10.18 years in the obesity group. Conclusions: Earlier pubertal development was associated with obesity.

Track 3: Determinants, assessments and consequences Session 17: Consequences and complications of obesity T3:S17:47 Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) Have Close Relationship With The Prevalence And The Severity Of NAFLD In A T2DM Population

Lee, J.H.*1; KIM, K.J.2 1 Seonam unversity myongji hospital; College of Medicine

2

Yonsei University

Background: The severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population compared with that in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals has not yet been assessed by a quantitative method. We investigated the prevalence and the severity of NAFLD in a T2DM population using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Methods: Subjects who underwent testing for biomarkers related to T2DMand CAP using Fibroscan® during a regular health check-up were enrolled. CAP values of 250 dB/m and 300 dB/m were selected as the cutoffs for the presence of NAFLD and for moderate to severe NAFLD respectively. Biomarkers related to T2DM included fasting glucose/insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, glycoalbumin, and HOMA-IR. Results: Among 340 study participants (T2DM, n = 66; pre-diabetes, n = 202; NGT, n = 72), the proportion of subjects with NAFLD increased according to the glucose tolerance status (31.9% in NGT; 47.0% in pre-diabetes; 57.6% in T2DM). The median CAP value was significantly higher in subjects with T2DM (265 dB/m) than in those with pre-diabetes (245 dB/m) or NGT (231 dB/m) (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with moderate to severe NAFLD had a 2.4-fold (odds ratio) higher risk

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of having T2DM than those without NAFLD (P = 0.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-4.86), and positive correlations between the CAP value and HOMA-IR (ρ = 0.407) or C-peptide (ρ = 0.402) were demonstrated. Conclusion: Subjects with T2DM had a higher prevalence of severe NAFLD than those with NGT. Increased hepatic steatosis was independently associated with the presence of T2DM, and insulin resistance induced by hepatic fat may be an important mechanistic connection.

T3:S17:48 Influence Of Maternal Body Mass Index In The Functional Activity Of Human Colostrum Phagocytes, Modulated With Adiponectin, In The Presence Of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli - PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Morais, T.C.*1; Fujimori, M.1; Fagundes, D.L.G.2; Gonzatti, M. B.2; Deluque, A.L.2; França, E.L.2; Honório-França, A.C.2; ABREU, L.C.1 1 Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP.; 2Institute of Biological and Health Science Federal University of Mato Grosso, Pontal do Araguaia, MT Mononuclear cells (MN) human milk are an important protection mechanism for infants against intestinal infections. Therefore, the present study describes the influence of high pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) in the functional activity of MN colostrum phagocytes, modulated by adiponectin, in the presence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Methods: Colostrum samples were collected from 10 clinically healthy women, between 48 and 72 hours postpartum in Brazilian public hospital. The pre-pregnancy BMI at 2 18.5-24.94 Kg/m was defined normal BMI (n = 6) and level at or 2 over than 25 Kg/m was defined as high BMI (n = 4). The MN cells were incubated with EPEC in the presence or absence of adiponectin human (100 pg/mL e de 15 ng/mL). Phagocytosis and bactericidal activity were evaluated by acridine orange method. The phagocytosis index and bactericidal index was calculated. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA)and p < 0.05. Results: Phagocytosis index was higher in group with normal BMI than the high BMI group (p 40% presented with poor psychosocial status. Early data (6-mo) show that the specialized program results in highly significant (p < 0.0001) weight loss (-16.4 lbs.; 8% total), along with improved clinical and psychosocial co-morbidities. Positive outcomes are greatest among patients with pretreatment psychosocial issues (p < 0.05) and among those treated with combination (-21.2 lbs), as compared to single, anti-obesity pharmaceuticals (-21.2 and -11.5 lbs, respectively). Conclusion. Establishment of hospital-affiliated medial weight loss centers is likely to improve weight loss outcomes, obesity comorbidities and reduce barriers to addressing obesity.

T6:S36:46 The use of meal replacements for weight loss: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis Astbury, M.N.; Piernas, C.; Hartmann-Boyce, J.*; Aveyard, P.; Jebb, S.A. University of Oxford Meal replacements (MR) are portion controlled or pre-packaged foods intended to aid self-directed weight loss. Despite widespread availability and use for self-management, and some high-profile research studies, they are rarely recommended by health professionals in routine clinical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis will update a previous review from 2003 which included just 6 studies. It will assess the effect of MR on weight loss in overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg m 2) adults (aged ≥18 years). Databases will be searched for randomised controlled trials comparing the use of one or more MR daily to a comparator such as usual care, or a weight intervention that does not use meal replacements. To be included, studies must report weight change at 6 months or longer. Two reviewers will independently conduct screening and data extraction. The primary outcome will be weight change at 12 months. Secondary outcomes related to weight, metabolic health, and programme characteristics will also be extracted. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect sizes will be generated using Hedges’ g score, for both fixed and random effect models. The results of this review will provide up-to-date evidence on the effectiveness of MR for weight loss, with implications for future recommendations for the use of MR to aid weight loss and/or weight maintenance.

T6:S36:45 Early outcomes of specialized obesity care delivery model in central florida

T6:S36:47 Doctor referral of overweight patients to low energy treatment. The DROPLET trial protocol

Srivastava, G.*; Kurd, G.; Buffington, C. Florida Hospital Celebration Health

Astbury, N.M.; Tearne, S.; Aveyard, P.*; Jebb, S.A. University of Oxford

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Low and very low energy total diet replacements programmes use specially formulated food and drinks to provide a controlled energy intake for 8-12 weeks, usually accompanied by behavioural support. These diets are associated with rapid and substantial weight loss, but are not recommended for routine use in clinical guidelines because of concerns they lead to rapid weight regain. This study will investigate the efficacy and safety of a primary care referral to a low energy total diet replacement programme. Using a randomised controlled parallel group design, 270 adults with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 will be recruited by their GP. Patients will be randomised in a 1:1 allocation to receive the usual care; consisting of weight management advice and support from a practice nurse, or a low energy formula diet with behavioural support, providing 810 kcal/d for 8 weeks, with 4 weeks food reintroduction and, thereafter, 1 meal replacement product a day to 24 weeks, delivered by a commercial provider (Cambridge Weight Plan ™). The primary outcome will be treatment differences in body weight between groups at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include: fat mass, waist circumference, blood pressure and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Self-report questionnaires will assess quality of life and adherence and adverse events monitored according to Good Clinical Practice. Qualitative interviews will help to understand feelings, values and perceptions that underlie and influence participants’ behaviours. The results of this trial show whether referral to a commercial low energy total diet replacement programme is effective and acceptable for weight management, with direct implications for routine clinical practice.

T6:S36:48 An innovative collaboration: the BC centre for healthy weights Tugwell, A.1; King, C.*1; Amed, S.2; Cristall, A.3; Leslie, B.4; Bailey, K.1 1 Provincial Health Services Authority; 2BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, and Child and Family Research Institute; 3BC Children’s Hospital; 4HealthLink BC Obesity is recognized as a complex problem that requires systems thinking and multilevel action supported by strong partnerships. In British Columbia, the Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA) is leading an innovative collective change approach to address childhood healthy weights. The Centre for Healthy Weights (CHW) is a collective which works collaboratively to promote the successful implementation, continuous quality improvement and harmonization of childhood healthy weight strategies, programs and initiatives from prevention to intervention in BC. Initially a provincial resource to support pediatric and adolescent weight management programs, the CHW has evolved to encompass the continuum of healthy weights initiatives from primary prevention to treatment. The CHW consists of over 25 multidisciplinary stakeholders including regional health authorities, government and non-governmental organizations who are passionate about promoting healthy weights. Goals of the CHW are to: i) support the delivery of integrated, accessible, and seamless services to families, ii) create a culture of learning, iii) maximize benefits for families, providers and the health system and iv) build healthy community environments through collective community action. This poster will highlight the key elements involved in the development of a collaborative multi-stakeholder approach to addressing childhood healthy weights, emphasizing the importance of strong and sustainable partnerships.


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T6:S36:49 Plant-based and lifestyle interventions improve weight and BMI

Ramirez, F.E.R.*1; Nedley, N.N.2; Sanchez, A.S.3; HoferDraper, L.H.3; Siebold, J.M.S.2 1 Weimar Clinic; 2Nedley Clinic; 3Weimar Institute

Increase body mass index (BMI) has been linked to various medical problems. We examine the effect of a residential lifestyle intervention for 18 days and its effect on BMI. An 18-days of lifestyle program could be a good tool to decrease BMI and other metabolic health markers. The lifestyle changes promoted and used in this program could be summarized in the word NEWSTART: Nutrition (N), exercise (E), adequate water intake (W), moderate sunlight (S), temperance (T), fresh air (A), rest (R), and trust [relational, psychological and/or spiritual factors] (T). It included plant based nutrition, massage, hydrotherapy and medical. Every patient received cooking classes. A board certified medical physician monitored progress. Cholesterol and triglyceride were also measured at baseline and at completion. Data for all the patients that participated in 17 years was used. The average age was 59.6, (SD 15.5), females were 68%. U.S. residents were 87%. Baseline average BMI was 28.7 (SD 7.7), average weight was 179.8 (SD 53.5). By program completion, average BMI was down to 28 (SD 7.7), average weigh was 174.9 (SD 50.4). Patients also reduced, on average, cholesterol 27.2 mg/dl and triglycerides 19.8 mg/dl by end of the 18 days. The therapy was effective by decreasing weight, blood lipids and decreasing risk of various metabolic problems. This program seem to be a good way of educating people in the importance of a good lifestyle and it may have positive long term effects.

T6:S36:50 5 Ps Obesity barriers; why obese patients can’t achieve target weight? Hamdan, M.* Private hospital Parameters • Lack of standard definition of obesity parameters in different age groups or in different ethnic groups. Too many parameters Providers (Physicians, Health care providers) • Clinical inertia due physicians’ uncertainties on how to approach obese patients and on medical management of obesity. Failure to refer obese patients to obesity specialist health care providers. Policies and procedures • Lack of agreement on the factors that caused obesity epidemic (diet, life style, genetics, epigenetic).Limited special services for obesity management. Lack of clear algorithms for each community. Limited resources for any existing obesity service and for new obesity services. Patients Barriers to anti obesity medication • Fears of side effects of possible lifelong anti obesity medication. Fears of injections for weight loss (GLP1).Fears for women of falling pregnant while on anti obesity medication, or during breast feeding.

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Method: Systematic review: PubMed literature searches were performed. Fixed review procedures were applied. Studies were evaluated for quality. 28 studies were included. Meta-analysis: 10/28 studies (4 ADF and 6 matched VLCD) were further analyzed. Results: After adjustment for BMI and duration, there was no significant difference in mean body weight loss (VLCD 0.88 kg more weight loss than ADF, 95% CI: -4.32, 2.56) or FFM (-1.69 kg, 95% CI: -3.62, 0.23); there was a significant difference observed in FM (3.31 kg, 95% CI: 0.05, 6.56). Meta-analysis showed that, among ADF studies, the pooled change in body weight, FM and FFM was 4.30 kg (95% CI: 3.41, 5.20), 4.06 kg (95% CI: 2.99, 5.13) and 0.72 kg (95% CI: -0.07, 1.51), respectively; while, among VLDC studies, the pooled change was 6.28 kg (95% CI: 6.08, 6.49), 4.22 kg (95% CI: 3.95, 4.50) and 2.24 kg (95% CI: 1.95, 2.52), respectively. In other words, 90% of weight lost in ADF was mainly fat mass loss; on the other hand, with VLCD 70% was lost as fat mass. Conclusions: According to our results, ADF is an effective dietary method due to that fact that it helps in losing more fat mass, along with less change in fat free mass in comparison to VLCD.

Barriers to diet • Difficulty to adhere to diet plans and to maintain adherence. Financial constrains to follow certain dietary recommendation (dietary advice cost, food cost).

T6:S36:52 Impact of statewide Georgia SHAPE initiative on elementary school physical activity opportunities: a quasi-experimental study

Cheung, P.C.C.*1; Franks, P.R.F.2; Weiss, P.S.W.1; BarrettWilliams, S.L.W.2; Kay, C.M.K.2; Gazmararian, J.A.G.1 1 Emory University; 2HealthMPowers

Barriers to exercises • Difficulty to initiate and maintain exercise program. Financial constrains Barriers to Bariatric Surgery • Fears of any surgical procedures. Financial constrains (not covered by insurance, health care systems).Limited availability of post surgical care plan. Pathways (Paradigm) • Lack of clear pathways on life style management, medical and surgical management and in vulnerable groups (elderly, children, pregnant women).

T6:S36:51 Alternate-day versus daily energy restriction diets: which is more effective for weight loss? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Alhamdan, B.A.*1; Garcia-Alvarez, A.G.1; Alzahrnai, A.A.2; Karanxha, J.K.1; Stretchberry, D.S.1; Contrera, K.C.1; Utria, A.U.1; Cheskin, L.C.1 1 Johns Hopkins University; 2King Abdulaziz University Background: Alternate-day-fasting (ADF) has been proposed as an effective dieting method. A recent study comparing weight loss reported using daily caloric restriction and intermittent caloric restriction, found that intermittent caloric restriction was as effective as daily caloric restriction in reducing weight plus the benefit of preservation of fat free mass. In this review, we compared two types of severely energy-restricted diets, achieved through either daily, or every-other-day energy restriction. We systematically reviewed the efficacy of ADF diets as compared to VLCDs (as a control) in terms of weight loss, and reduction of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM).

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Aims: To evaluate the impact of Power Up for 30 (PU30), a Georgia SHAPE initiative aiming to increase student physical activity (PA) before, during, and after school to 30 min/day through training, facilitation, and support by HealthMPowers. Key Methods: In 2013-2014, 719 of 1,320 Georgia elementary schools receiving a baseline PA survey provided responses from at least one administrator, one physical education (PE) teacher, and three grade level chairs. From these, 80 PU30-trained and 80 untrained schools were randomly selected. Unadjusted analyses and analyses adjusted for baseline PA, follow-up time, demographics, and academic outcomes compared PA in 2014-2015. Results: Seventy-seven PU30 and 64 untrained schools responded to the follow-up survey. Preliminarily, PU30 participants had a 1.64-times higher odds of providing more frequent in-class PA breaks (95% CI: 1.33-2.03) and a 1.18-times higher odds of providing before-school PA opportunities (95% CI: 1.02-1.38). After adjusting for baseline PA, PU30 participants still had a 1.68-times higher odds of providing more frequent in-class PA breaks (95% CI: 1.36-2.06). PE, recess, after school PA, and overall weekly PA minutes did not differ between PU30-trained and untrained schools. Analyses additionally adjusting for other covariates and assessing PA time will be presented. Conclusions: PU30 increased in-class and before school PA. Additional support may be needed to increase PE, recess, after school PA, and overall PA time.

Session 38: Sociological and urban aspects of obesity T6:S38:25 Relationship Between Number Of Convenience Stores Near To Schools And Obesity Prevalence In First Grade School Children. © 2016 The Authors obesity reviews © 2016 World Obesity

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Sepúlveda, S.1; Crispi, F.*1; Libuy, M.1; Díaz, M.1; Bertossi, C.2; Erazo, M.1; Zepeda, R.2 1 Department of Community Management, Hospital El Carmen de Maipú; 2Programme of Population Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Chile, Chile Exposure to poor-quality food environments has important effects on children’s eating patterns and overweight. In a commune at Santiago, Chile (Maipu), we aim to evaluate if the number of convenience stores near to schools correlates with obesity. Students were surveyed by a national organization (JUNAEB), assessing their nutritional status. Convenience stores of the commune were geo-referenced. The number of convenience store within a 100 mt radius of each school were counted. A Poisson regression was made overall, and then by socioeconomic status (SES) of the school’s neighbourhood. 4504 subjects from 62 schools were included. 235 convenience stores were located. The average obesity prevalence was 20%. Poisson Regressions: General: IRR:0.99; p = 0.397; CI:(0.98/1.01). By SES 1) High: IRR:0.89; p = 0; CI:(0.86/0.93).2) Medium-High: IRR:0.99;p = 0.767;CI: (0.96/1.03).3) Medium-Low: IRR:1.00; p = 0.79; CI:(0.97/1.047). 4) Low: IRR:1.07; p = 0; CI:(1.03/1.10). 5) Very Low: IRR:1.10; p = 0.061; CI:(1.00/1.20). The number of convenience stores shows an inverse relationship with obesity and SES. The risk of obesity in schools increase with the number of convenience stores nearby at decreasing SES, showing an interaction among poverty of the neighborhood and presence of convenience stores. Findings become statistically significant at lower SES. Policy interventions limiting the number of convenience stores near to schools could help reduce childhood obesity in the lower socioeconomic groups.

T6:S38:26 Relationship Between Social Vulnerability And Obesity: An Emerging Risk Factor.

Bertossi, C.B.U.*1; Libuy, M.L.R.1; Crispi, F.C.G.1; Cuadra, G. C.M.1; Domínguez, K.D.C.1; Bertoglia, M.B.A.1; Erazo, M.E. B.1; Zepeda, R.Z.I.2 1 Programme of Population Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Chile; 2Director, Hospital el Carmen Maipú Chile Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Interventions in obesity have shown modest results trying to diminish both the prevalence and its deleterious consequences on health. In this context, is essential to consider other factors less studied in order to obtain different results. In this research we aim to estimate the association between obesity and social determinants of health such as social capital and health literacy. We worked with the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. For social capital we included the module that evaluates interpersonal confidence in the neighborhood and health literacy. 1250 subjects were included. A logistic regression model was constructed reporting odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. The results shows that people of low educational level that report less interpersonal confidence present a higher risk of being obese (odds ratio(OR) = 1,10; 95% (IC):1,01-1,21), compared with people who report higher levels of interpersonal confidence. It is also a risk factor of obesity to present low health literacy (OR 1,12; 95% IC: 1,05-1,19) compared with people that present higher levels of health literacy among the female population. This research supports that factors related with social capital and health literacy determines a higher risk of obesity. Public policies that promote the development of


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these two factors could contribute to diminish prevalence and consequences of obesity.

T6:S38:27 How obesity relates to socio-economic status: identification of eating behavior mediators

Pigeyre, M.*1; Rousseaux, J.1; Trouiller, P.2; Dumont, J.3; Goumidi, L.3; Chmeilewski, A.1; Duhamel, A.4; Amouyel, P.3; Dallongeville, J.3; Romon, M.1; Meirhaeghe, A.3 1 Unité de Nutrition, Univ. Lille; 2University Medical Center, Univ. Lille; 3Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille; 4Department of Biostatistics, Univ. Lille Background: Socio-economic status (SES) is a strong determinant of eating behavior and the obesity risk. Aims: To determine which eating and lifestyle behaviors mediate the association between SES and obesity. Methods: We performed a case-control study of 318 severely obese people and 371 non-obese people in northern France. Ten eating behavior traits were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21-Item and an eating attitude questionnaire (on plate size, the number of servings, reasons for stopping eating, and the frequency of eating standing up, eating in front of the television set (TV) and eating at night). The SES score (in three categories) was based on occupation, education and income categories. Mediation analysis was performed using the test of joint significance and the difference of coefficients test. Results: Relative to participants in the intermediate SES group, the obesity risk was higher for participants in the low SES group (OR = 1.97, p = 0.0021) and lower for participants in the high SES group (OR = 0.57, p = 0.0016). Additional servings were associated with a higher obesity risk (OR = 3.43, p < 0.0001). Cognitive restraint (p < 0.0001) and emotional eating (p < 0.0001) scores were higher in obese participants than in non-obese participants but did not depend on SES. Of the 10 potential factors tested, eating off a large plate (p = 0.01), eating at night (p = 0.04) and uncontrolled eating (p = 0.03) significantly mediated the relationship between SES and obesity. Conclusion: Our results highlighted a number of obesogenic behaviors among socially disadvantaged participants: large plate size, uncontrolled eating and eating at night were significant mediators of the relationship between SES and obesity risk. Conflict of interest : None Funding disclosure : None

Session 41: Changing policy T6:S41:45 Active Transport And Obesity -- A Transportation Sector Obesity Impact Assessment

Brown, V.*1; Moodie, M.1; Veerman, L.2; Zapata-Diomedi, B.2; Barendregt, J.2; Mantila, A.M.2; Carter, R.1 1 Deakin University; 2University of Queensland Background: Given the prevalence of obesity worldwide upstream interventions in non-health sectors are gaining recognition as important tools to combat obesogenic environments. The transportation sector has been recognised for its potential to improve rates of incidental physical activity. Yet relatively little is known in terms of the impact, role and cost-effectiveness of transport interventions for obesity prevention.

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Aim: To provide an ‘obesity impact assessment’ of the transport sector. Methods: A systematic review of economic evaluations of transport interventions incorporating physical activity related health effects was undertaken. Scoping reviews of evidence of obesity effect by transport mode or intervention informed the identification of scenarios for cohort simulation Markov modelling. Results: Systematic review of the evidence demonstrates that active transport interventions can be cost-effective when incorporating health effects related to physical activity. Our analyses using best available evidence demonstrate that active transport interventions may lead to small but significant health gains that are not currently considered in the policy process. Conclusion: Transport interventions are rarely evaluated from a health outcomes perspective. Yet systematic review and economic modeling demonstrates that these interventions can be cost-effective or even cost-saving when incorporating wider health benefits.

T6:S41:46 SPOTLIGHT For Policy-Making: Results And Implications Of The SPOTLIGHT Project On Obesogenic Environments Lobstein, T.J.* World Obesity Federation Background: The SPOTLIGHT project was a €3.7 m four-year (2012-2016) European project to investigate a number of questions concerning obesity prevention and multi-level interventions to prevent obesity and promote better health behaviour among adult populations. Approach Four key questions are asked. The answers to these questions and the lessons for policy-making are described The answers are obtained through systematic literature reviews, local street surveys, online questionnaires, Google StreetView analyses and interviews with community residents and community intervention projects. The four questions are: 1. What characteristics of individuals are associated with better bodyweight regulation, physical activity and diet? 2. What characteristics of the physical environment are associated with a raised risk of adult obesity? 3. What characteristics of the social environment are associated with a raised risk of adult obesity? 4. What are the characteristics of multi-component interventions which help meet their objectives? Results The findings from the project relevant to these questions will be displayed on the poster. Information will also be given on the tools and resources developed during the project: the validation of the use of Google StreetView for analysing obesogenic environments and the creation of an interactive atlas containing over 80 European community interventions for obesity prevention among adults. Funding The SPOTLIGHT project received support from the European Commission DG Research, 7th Framework Programme. The products of the research are the responsibility of the authors: the European Commission is not responsible for any use that

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may be made of them. This poster has been prepared by the World Obesity Federation, a member of the SPOTLIGHT project consortium.

T6:S41:47 Public-private Partnerships In Population Health Research: A Literature Review From 2010 To 2015

Simic, V.1; Dumas, N.*1; Giroux, M.T.2; De Wals, P.2; Blouin, C.3 1 Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention at Quebec Heart and Lung University Institute; 2Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City; 3Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec (QC) Background: Public-private partnerships (PPPs) represent an increasingly popular practice to finance research. However, there are no generalized guidelines for this type of collaboration in obesity. This often leads to public distrust and concerns about conflicts of interest (CoI), particularly when it involves food industry sponsorship/financing of population health research. Objective: To identify the guidelines and principles present in the peer-reviewed literature, as well as those being used in various research institutions, in order to achieve a better understanding of the « best practice » frameworks to ensure scientific integrity and transparency in such collaborations. Method: A comprehensive search in different databases was conducted (PubMed, ABI/Inform, Scopus, Web of Science, Francis) to provide a multidisciplinary perspective of the subject. In addition, to allow for a better understanding of how these concepts are used in reality, a review was conducted to list the principles and measures being considered or applied in various institutions. Results: Very few articles were available in the peer-reviewed literature, but many institutions had their own guidelines for dealing with the private sector, usually with the goal to ensure good governance. The principles to be considered in these collaborations include having common goals, equal power relationships, transparency between partners and accountability. However, these principles were not uniform across institutions, and were rarely specific to partnerships with the food industry. Conclusion: Uniform principles and ethical codes of conduct should be developed and implemented for PPPs with the food industry, following careful ethical deliberations.

T6:S41:48 Exploring the impact of nutrition guidelines for publically funded recreation and sport facilities in canada: an overview of the eat, play, live study design Naylor, P.J.*1; Raine, K.2; Kirk, S.F.L.3; Masse, L.C.4; Olstad, D.5; McIsaac, J.L.3; Hanning, R.6 1 University of Victoria; 2University of Alberta; 3Dalhousie University; 4University of British Columbia; 5Deakin University; 6 University of Waterloo Recreation and sports settings (RSS) are a community health promotion resource that have been found to have unhealthy food environments. British Columbia (BC), Alberta (AB) and Nova Scotia (NS) governments have introduced guidelines to improve food environments in RSS. We aim to explore the impact of these guidelines on RSS food environments across different contexts, alongside the implementation of capacity building supports (CB). We will also identify factors that influence implementation.


obesity reviews

A mixed-method concurrent triangulation design incorporating a randomized comparison trial will be implemented. We will measure organizational capacity, policies, food environment and purchasing patterns in RSS across four jurisdictions at baseline and 18 months. Participating facilities in guideline provinces will be randomized to: i) guidelines plus CB intervention (n = 18), or ii) guidelines only (n = 18). A third comparison group (n = 18) will be recruited in a non-guideline province. CB includes an online

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resource toolkit, seed grants, training, technical support and cross-site sharing. Qualitative methods will explore experiences of participating RSS stakeholders. Re-engineering food environments in RSS is important to obesity prevention. Study findings will contribute to optimization of nutrition policies and supports and may influence standard practice in RSS and other publically funded institutions. Funder: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

*Additional Late Breaking Abstracts added on 9 September 2016 after first publication on 26 July 2016.


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