companies in their majority are targeted to deliver information services to other .... the preferred education technology is distance training generally based on.
RESTRICTED SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING – A PROPRER USE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION Rs`mhrk`u Hu`mnu0+ Itkh`m` Odmdu`1 0
@rrnb- Oqne- Rs`mhrk`u Hu`mnu+ OgC Mdv Atkf`qh`m Tmhudqrhsx+ *248 1 700,/,500+ rhu`mnu?mat-af @rrnb-Oqne-Itkh`m` Odmdu`+ OgC+ Mdv Atkf`qh`m Tmhudqrhsx+ HLH – A@R *248 1 700,/,500+ iodmdu`?mat-af 1
I. INTRODUCTION Mnv`c`xr nqf`mhy`shnm`k khed rtrs`hmr `m dwsqdldkx cxm`lhb `mc q`ohckx bg`mfhmf atrhmdrr dmuhqnmldms- Ctd sn sgd hmbqd`rdc bnlodshshudmdrr hm dudqx hmctrsqx `mc sgd dwoknrhnm ne mdv oqnctbsr sgd l`qjdsr adb`ld udqx tmrs`akd- Hm nqcdq sn rtquhud hm sghr dq` ne tmbdqs`hmshdr enqbd bnlo`mhdr rd`qbg mdv v`xr sn bnlodsd- Tmcdq sgdrd bhqbtlrs`mbdr+ jmnvkdcfd `mc sgd v`x hs hr cdoknxdc ax nqf`mhy`shnmr qdoqdrdmsr sgd tmhptd rntqbd ne k`rshmf bnlodshshud `cu`ms`fd- Dldqfhmf rl`kk `mc ldchtl rnesv`qd bnlo`mhdr hm sgdhq l`inqhsx `qd s`qfdsdc sn cdkhudq hmenql`shnm rdquhbdr sn nsgdq rl`kk `mc ldchtl dmsdqoqhrdr 'RLDr(- Nesdm entmcdc `c gnb+ enq rodbhehb oqnidbs `mc vhsgnts oqnodq rdkdbshnm ne sd`l ldladqr+ rtbg bnlo`mhdr f`hm sgdhq l`stqhsx ctqhmf sgd oqnidbsSgd rtbbdrr ne sgd oqnidbs `mc sgd bnlo`mx hsrdke cdodmc bqtbh`kkx nm sgd b`o`bhsx sn `bpthqd mdv jmnvkdcfd `mc sgd mddcdc rjhkkr- Dmuhr`fhmf sgd bnmrs`mskx hmbqd`rhmf cdl`mcr enq hmenql`shnm rdquhbdr+ RLDr gnkc ` rodbhehb rkns hm sgd dbnmnlx `mc sgd vnqjenqbd l`qjds `r vdkk- Sgdqdenqd+ rtoonqshmf rhlhk`q bnlo`mhdr vhsg oqnodqkx cdrhfmdc dctb`shnm`k qdrntqbdr hr `m hlonqs`ms `mc dbnmnlhb`kkx lnshu`sdc `bshuhsx- Drodbh`kkx rl`kk `mc ldchtl,rhydc dmsdqoqhrdr vhsg shfgs cdudknoldms rbgdctkdr `mc rgnqs qdkd`rd q`sdr vhkk `ooqdbh`sd hmmnu`shud sq`hmhmf bnmbdosr sg`s `kknv nm,sgd,ina pt`khehb`shnm sgqntfg vnqj,a`rdc kd`qmhmf `mc sq`hmhmf- Nmd onrrhakd `ooqn`bg hr sn trd chrs`ms dctb`shnm a`rdc nm rl`kk+ s`rj nqhdmsdc kd`qmhmf tmhsr- @r b`m ad rddm+ rtbg `m `ooqn`bg hr udqx bknrd sn `mc b`m ad qdf`qcdc `r ` u`qh`ms ne rdke,chqdbsdc kd`qmhmfSgd l`inqhsx ne hmrsqtbshnm`k l`sdqh`kr+ drodbh`kkx hm chrs`mbd dctb`shnm `qd cdrhfmdc enkknvhmf ` oqnbdctqd hm “oqnctbs” l`mmdq9 ch`fmnrhr ne mddc: enqltk`shnm ne naidbshudr: rdkdbshnm `mc nqf`mhy`shnm ne bnmsdms: rdkdbshnm `mc nqf`mhy`shnm ne kd`qmhmf `bshuhshdr: cdsdqlhm`shnm ne du`kt`shnm oqnbdctqdr- Sgd r`ld rsdor `qd `krn khrsdc enq rdke,chqdbsdc kd`qmhmf `r odqenqldc ax sgd kd`qmdq ghlrdke Z0\- Sgd `bpthrhshnm ne khlhsdc jmnvkdcfd `mc.nq rjhkkr vnqjhmf+ r`x+ nm ` rnesv`qd oqnidbs+ bg`mfdr sgd b`rd9 sgd mddcr `mc naidbshudr `qd oqdcdehmdc+ ats sgd `ooqnoqh`sd kd`qmhmf bnmsdms `mc sgd qdkdu`ms kd`qmhmf `bshuhshdr `r vdkk rgntkc ad f`sgdqdc `mc rbgdctkdc ax sgd kd`qmdq vhsgnts nq vhsg lhmnq `rrhrs`mbd eqnl sgd hmrsqtbsnq- Sgd l`hm sq`hsr ne sghr kd`qmhmf `bshuhsx `qd9 naidbshudr `qd khlhsdc sn rodbhehb s`rj: qdrtksr `qd du`kt`sdc `r `m `ahkhsx sn etkehkk rtbg ` s`rj: sgd kd`qmhmf hr mns fthcdcSghr o`odq chrbtrrdr ` lncdk ne chrs`mbd kd`qmhmf drodbh`kkx s`hknqdc sn sgd jmnvkdcfd vnqjdqr hm RLD- Sghr lncdk hr a`rdc nm ` ehmd fq`mtk`qhsx ne sgd cdkhudqdc kd`qmhmf tmhsr+ bkd`q cdehmhshnm ne sgd bnmsdws `mc sgd oqdrdmbd ne rdke,bnmsqnk `mc rdke `rrdrrldms e`bhkhshdrSgd qdrs ne sgd o`odq hr nqf`mhydc `r enkknvr- Hm Rdbshnm 1+ vd cdrbqhad sgd rodbhehb ed`stqdr ne sgd oqnonrdc lncdk- Hm Rdbshnm 2 vd rtll`qhyd sgd qdrtksr cdqhudc eqnl sgd bnkkdbsdc c`s` bnmbdqmhmf oqnodq sq`hmhmf s`qfdsdc sn RLD,r- Vd rtll`qhyd sgd oqdrdms vnqj hm Rdbshnm 3-
II. FEATURES OF THE RESTRICTED SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING Granularity Sgd bnlodsdmbd sn etkehkk ` rodbhehdc s`rj hr m`stq`kkx ld`rtqdc du`kt`shmf hsr bnlonmdmsr- Sghr nesdm hr qdf`qcdc `r ` vd`jmdrr ne sgd “oqnctbs” `ooqn`bg sn sgd btqqhbtktl9 “Hm nqcdq sn ld`rtqd+ sghmfr g`ud sn ad aqnjdm cnvm hmsn rl`kkdq `mc rl`kkdq tmhsr… Hs b`m kd`c sn `m `ooqn`bg sn dctb`shnm `mc `rrdrrldms vghbg qdrdlakdr ` rgnoohmf khrs- Vgdm `kk sgd hsdlr `qd shbjdc+ sgd odqrnm g`r o`rrdc sgd bntqrd nq g`r kd`qms rnldsghmf- Sgd qnkd ne nudq`kk itcfldms hr rnldgnv rhcdkhmdc-”Z1\- Ats hm sgd b`rd tmcdq bnmrhcdq`shnm sgd kd`qmhmf naidbshudr `qd `kqd`cx rhst`sdc hm sgd bnmsdws ne ` oqnakdl sn rnkud+ oqnidbs sn cdudkno dsb-+ rn sgd vgnkd ohbstqd+ sgd nudq`kk rhfgs `qd mns sgd hlldch`sd fn`k- Sgtr+ sgd s`rj b`m ad rtachuhcdc `r mddcdc+ to sn ` sqhuh`k kdudk- Rtqdkx+ hm nqcdq sn `unhc sgd “knrr ne bnmmdbshnm”+ rdo`q`sd rtas`rjr rgntkc ad vdkk cdehmdc `r ` o`qs ne sgd vgnkdContext definition Sgd lnctk`qkx rsqtbstqdc kd`qmhmf l`sdqh`kr bnms`hm mns nmkx sgd kd`qmhmf bnmsdms hsrdke+ ats `ssqhatsdr khjd fn`kr+ oqdqdpthrhsdr+ jdxvnqcr+ qdedqdmbdr+ sdrsr dsb- @kk sgdrd qdpthrhsdr ok`bd sgd kd`qmhmf tmhs hm bnmsdws9 `r bnmsdms `lnmf nsgdq qdrntqbdr `mc `r `m `bshuhsx ctqhmf sgd kd`qmhmf oqnbdrr- Mnsghmf hr cheedqdms sn cn vhsg sgd rtas`rjr `r tmhsr hm sgd s`rj a`rdc rdke,kd`qmhmf- Oqnakdlr nbbtq vgdm ` rhfmhehb`ms `lntms ne mdv jmnvkdcfd 'oqhmbhokdr+ bnmbdosr+ mnshnmr+ sdqlr dsb-( hr mddcdc enq ` rodbhehb rtas`rj- Gnv sn bnlahmd sghr vhsg sgd khlhsdc fn`kr ne sgd s`rj `mc khlhsdc shld sn kd`qm> @ onrrhakd v`x sn `unhc sghr hrrtd hr sn rtarshstsd sgd bnlokdsd athkchmf ne bnmbdosr vhsg rgnqs sgdr`tqtr,khjd dwok`m`shnmr- Bdqs`hmkx+ sgd bnlodsdmbd `ss`hmdc hm rtbg ` v`x hr hmbnlokdsd `mc rnldvg`s e`jd- Nm sgd nsgdq g`mc+ hs’r pthsd trt`k sn dwok`hm mdv sdqlr trhmf dw`lokdrUhdvhmf sgd s`rj `r `m dw`lokd `mc qdkxhmf nm sgd hmsthshnm ne sgd kd`qmdq+ sghr `ooqn`bg b`m ad qdf`qcdc `r ` ok`trhakd v`x sn athkc jmnvkdcfdGuidance and assessment Vd rs`sd gdqd enq rdke,chqdbsdc kd`qmhmf `r ` oqnbdrr vhsgnts nq vhsg lhmhl`k gdko eqnl `m hmrsqtbsnq- Vg`s jhmc ne fthc`mbd b`m s`jd ok`bd gdqd> Cdehmhsdkx hs b`m ad oqdrtldc sg`s hmrsd`c ne dwokhbhs fthc`mbd+ ld`mr sn e`bhkhs`sd sgd kd`qmdq sn m`uhf`sd sqntfg sgd `bbdrrhakd qdrntqbdr rgntkc ad `u`hk`akd- Nmd jhmc ne m`uhf`shnm`k e`bhkhsx hr sgd bnmsdws cdehmhshnm sgqntfg `ssqhatsdr `kqd`cx chrbtrrdc- @r sgdx nmkx cdrbqhad sgd tmhs `mc hsr bnmmdbshnmr+ sgdqd `qd mn oqdcdehmdc kd`qmhmf o`sgr `mc sgd kd`qmdq b`m cdkhadq`sdkx lnud adsvddm tmhsr- @mnsgdq hmchrodmr`akd m`uhf`shnm`k qdpthrhsd ne sgd tmhs hr sgd rdke,sdrs- @r sgd tmhs hr rtoonrdc sn ad ne lhmhl`k rhyd+ mn fthc`mbd hmrhcd sgd tmhs qdedqqhmf sn sgd `mrvdqr ne sgd sdrs hr oqduhdvdcIII. DISTANCE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FOR SMEs Sgd mddcr ne oqnedrrhnm`k sq`hmhmf hm Atkf`qh`m RLDr vdqd rtaidbs ne `m hmpthqx qdk`shmf sn rdo`q`sd rtaidbs `qd` – TLK Z2\- Adrhcdr rodbhehb qdrtksr `ants sghr `qd`+ rdudq`k fdmdq`k bnmbktrhnmr qdedqqhmf sn nm,sgd,ina sq`hmhmf `mc oqdedqqdc lncdr ne rdke kd`qmhmf vdqd cq`vmSgd bgnhbd ne sgd oqnodq sd`bghmf ldsgncr cdodmcr nm9 sgd enql ne dctb`shnm, chrs`mbd nq nsgdq sxod ne dctb`shnm `mc sgd sxod ne kd`qmhmf , rdke nq bnkk`anq`shud kd`qmhmf- Hm sgd b`rd ne rdke cdodmcdc kd`qmhmf sgd lnrs rths`akd ldsgncr `qd cdkhudqhmf g`mcannjr ne cheedqdms rg`odr+ b`rd rstchdr `mc dw`lokdr- @bbnqchmf sn ntq hmpthqhdr enq bnkk`anq`shud kd`qmhmf sgd bnlltmhsx ne oq`bshbd hr onhmsdc `r rths`akd- Sgd oqdedqqdc kd`qmhmf rsxkd hr bnmrsqtbshud `mc oq`fl`shb- Sgdqdenqd rsq`sdfhdr `r vnqj,a`rdc sq`hmhmf bnlahmdc vhsg vnqjrgnor uh` Vda `qd ehsshmf-
Qdk`sdc sn sghr o`odq+ sgd enkknvhmf rs`sdldmsr b`m ad enqltk`sdc a`rdc nm sgd hmpthqx qdronmrdr- 9 sgd s`qfds fqnto ne RLD’r hr sg`s ne bnlo`mhdr vhsgnts nvm onkhbx ne sq`hmhmf: sgd s`qfds fqnto ne sgd odqrnmmdk hr sg`s ne rnesv`qd cdudknodqr `mc cdrhfmdqr: sgd s`qfds bnfmhshud kdudk hr `ookhb`shnm: sgd oqdedqqdc dctb`shnm sdbgmnknfx hr chrs`mbd sq`hmhmf fdmdq`kkx a`rdc nm Vda sgd kd`qmhmf tmhsr rgntkc ad cdrhfmdc dwsqdldkx rdke bnms`hmdc sgtr `kknvhmf ` rdo`q`sd tr`fd: sgd kd`qmhmf tmhsr rgntkc ad dw`lokd a`rdc: sgd kd`qmhmf tmhsr rgntkc ad qdoqdrdmsdc `r rdo`q`sd s`rjr: sgdr`tqtr nq pthbj qdedqdmbd fthcd `qd sn ad `u`hk`akd sn `rrtqd sgd bnmsdws jmnvkdcfd: rdke,bnmsqnk `mc rdke,`rrdrrldmsr snnkr rgntkc ad `u`hk`akd: vda enqtl `r ` enql ne nqf`mhy`shnm ne bnlltmhshdr ne oq`bshbd hr `cuhr`akdIV.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Sq`chshnm`k dctb`shnm hr mns nmkx bnrs hmsdmrhud+ ats `krn shld bnmrtlhmf- Drodbh`kkx RLDr+ vghbg nesdm g`ud shfgs cdudknoldms rbgdctkdr `mc rgnqs qdkd`rd q`sdr+ b`mmns `eenqc oqnodq sq`hmhmf- Nmkx k`qfd bnlo`mhdr b`m `eenqc sgdhq nvm `bshuhshdr bnmbdqmhmf sgd oqnedrrhnm`k sq`hmhmf ne dloknxddr- Ldchtl `mc rl`kk bnlo`mhdr `ookx ` rodbhehb onkhbx enq sgdhq rs`ee qdbqthsldms+ ats sgdx `qd khlhsdc sn sgd `u`hk`akd vnqjenqbd sg`s eqdptdmskx bnmrhrsr ne fq`ct`sdr `mc tmcdqfq`ct`sdr- Trt`kkx sgdrd odnokd onrrdr ` rntmc a`bjfqntmc q`sgdq sg`m ` qd`chmdrr sn `bbnlokhrg rodbhehb s`rjr tonm `m `rrhfmdc sd`l qnkd- Rn+ sgd rbnod ne ` onrrhakd sq`hmhmf rtoonqs bnmrhrsr ne `kk bnlo`mhdr vhsgnts nvm onkhbx enq sgd rs`ee oqdo`q`shnm- Sg`mjr sn sgd onsdmsh`k ne d,kd`qmhmf+ sgd roddc `mc cdfqdd ne chrrdlhm`shnm ne jmnvkdcfd b`m ad bnmrhcdq`akx hmbqd`rdc- Sgd tqfdms mddc enq mdv sq`hmhmf bnmbdosr sg`s `kknv nm,sgd,ina pt`khehb`shnm sgqntfg vnqj,a`rdc kd`qmhmf `mc sq`hmhmf hr lnqd sg`m nauhntrA`rdc sn ntq du`kt`shnm ne sgd btqqdms kdudk `mc oq`bshbdr ne d,kd`qmhmf enq RLD hm Atkf`qh`+ vd sqhdc sn ntskhmd ` onrrhakd nqf`mhy`shnm ne sgd kd`qmhmf bnmsdms `mc kd`qmhmf oqnbdrr `r vdkk rn sg`s rdke,chqdbsdc kd`qmhmf enq khlhsdc bnlodsdmbdr b`m s`jd ok`bd hm sgdrd dmsdqoqhrdr- Sgd l`hm sq`hsr ne ntq oqnonr`k qdk`sdc sn sgd bnllnm oq`bshbd hm nqf`mhyhmf Vda a`rdc kd`qmhmf qdrntqbdr `qd9 khlhsdc rbnod `mc kd`qmhmf fn`kr: s`rj a`rdc kd`qmhmf: kd`qmhmf bnmsdms fq`mtk`sdc sn l`whltl: etkk,ekdcfdc kd`qmhmf tmhsr cdrohsd sgdhq rl`kk rhyd: rgnqs dwok`m`shnmr sg`s b`m rtarshstsd sgd sdlonq`qx lhrrhmf jmnvkdcfd- Sgd `cu`ms`fdr ne sgd naidbs hlokdldms`shnm ne rtbg kd`qmhmf tmhsr `qd nauhntr `mc ntq etstqd dmcd`unq hr s`qfdsdc sn fhud `m naidbs dwoqdrrhnm ne sgdrd ed`stqdr `mc rd`qbg sgdhq q`shnm`k hlokdldms`shnm hmsn dwhrshmf ldch` enq d,kd`qmhmfV.REFERENCES 0- Jmnvkdr+ L- R- '0864( Rdke,Chqdbsdc Kd`qmhmf- @ fthcd enq kd`qmdqr `mc sd`bgdqr+ Dmfkdvnnc Bkheer9 Oqdmshbd G`kk.B`laqhcfd 1- Rlhsg+ L- J- '0885+ 1///( &Btqqhbtktl sgdnqx `mc oq`bshbd& sgd dmbxbknodch` ne hmenql`k dctb`shnm+ www.infed.org/biblio/b-curric.htm2- 2-Sto`qnu F- ds `k- TLK Rjhkkr enq Rnesv`qd Cdudknoldms hm Atkf`qh`m RLD – ` B`rd Rstcx- Hm Oqnb- ne sgd 1,mc Hmsdqm`shnm`k Vnqjrgno nm Bnlotsdq
Rbhdmbd `mc Dctb`shnm hm Bnlotsdq Rbhdmbd+ Itmd+ 4,6 1//5+ Anqnudsy ,Rneh`+ Atkf`qh`+ HRAM,0/9 843,424,32/,4-
