(Lohmannia) (Acari, Oribatida, Lohmanniidae) - BioOne

Systematic & Applied Acarology 22(2): 193–207 (2017) http://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.2.4 Article

ISSN 1362-1971 (print) ISSN 2056-6069 (online)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3E43FC67-D408-4164-8882-73AE740E37D2

A new species of Lohmannia (Lohmannia) (Acari, Oribatida, Lohmanniidae) from Vietnam, with supplementary description of L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960) SERGEY G. ERMILOV Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract A new species of the subgenus Lohmannia (Lohmannia) is described from decomposing logs in the Vietnamese polydominant forest, based on the adult and tritonymphal instars. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov. differs from L. (Lohmannia) jornoti Mahunka, 1985, L. (Lohmannia) juliae Mahunka, 1984 and L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960 by the presence of heavily tuberculate sculpture on the body and legs. A supplementary description of L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica is presented based on Spanish specimens. Key words: oribatid mites, systematics, fauna, Lohmannia, new species, supplementary description, Vietnam, Spain

Introduction This work is part of my continuing study of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Vietnam (e.g. Ermilov 2015, 2016; Minor & Ermilov 2015). During taxonomic identification of new Vietnamese materials, I found one species belonging to the genus Lohmannia Michael, 1898. The main goal of the paper is to describe and illustrate this new species based on the adult and tritonymphal instars. Lohmannia was proposed by Michael (1898) with Michaelia paradoxa Haller, 1884 as type species. At present, this genus comprises two subgenera (Lohmannia Michael, 1898 and Carolohmannia Norton, Metz & Sharma, 1978) and 27 species, which are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions (Subías 2004, online version 2016). The main generic traits were summarized by Balogh (1961) and Grandjean (1950). The morphology of juvenile instars of Lohmannia are known for nine species (Norton & Ermilov 2014), and the comparative morphological analysis for the majority of these species is given in Ermilov et al. (2014). Earlier, only two species of this genus (L. (Lohmannia) javana Balogh, 1961 and L. (Carolohmannia) monosetosa Ermilov & Anichkin, 2014) were registered in Vietnam (Ermilov 2015). In addition, a supplementary description of Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica (BulanovaZachvatkina, 1960) is presented based on specimens from Spain. The original description (Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1960) and redescription (Pérez-Íñigo 1967) are incomplete and brief, lacking information about important characters such as measures of some morphological structures, leg setation and solenidia, and morphology of the gnathosoma. The morphology of juvenile instars of L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica was described earlier by Ermilov et al. (2014).

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Material and methods Material. The collection locality and habitat for each studied lohmanniid species are given in the respective "Material examined" section. Methods. Specimens were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides for measurement and illustration. The body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the ventral plate. Notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Lengths of body setae were measured in lateral aspect. All body measurements are presented in micrometers (µm). Formulas for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur–genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulas for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus. Morphological terminology used in this paper follows that of F. Grandjean: see Travé & Vachon (1975) for general references, Norton (1977) for leg setal nomenclature, and Norton & Behan– Pelletier (2009) for overview. Drawings were made with a camera lucida using a Carl Zeiss transmission light microscope “Axioskop-2 Plus”. Images were obtained with an AxioCam ICc3 camera using a Carl Zeiss transmission light microscope “Axio Lab.A1”.

Systematics Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov. (Figs 1–24) Diagnosis. Adult and tritonymphal instar. Body size: adult 830–874 × 381–415, tritonymph 730– 763 × 332–365. Body surface covered by tuberculate sculpture, macropolygonal pattern absent. Lateral parts of prodorsum undulate, with three to five small teeth. Rostral, lamellar, interlamellar and anterior exobothridial setae narrow phylliform, posterior exobothridial setae disk-like. Bothridial setae pectinate, with 10 to 12 branches on one side and several barbs on the opposite side. Notogastral setae well-developed, narrowly phylliform, c1 and d1 shortest, c3, d3, f2, h1–h3 and p1–p3 longest. Seven transverse bands present in adult (S8 not visible) and eight bands—in tritonymph (S8 present), S2 complete, others interrupted medially. Subcapitular setae a and m1 setiform, thickened, m2 and h phylliform. Epimeral setae phylliform, 2a, 3a and 4a shortest. Genital plates with seven pairs of phylliform and three pairs of setiform setae in adult, and with five pairs of phylliform and three pairs of setiform setae in tritonymph. Anal setae setiform, adanal setae slightly phylliform. Adult (Figs 1–18) Description. Measurements. Large species. Body length: 830 (holotype), 830–874 (three paratypes); notogaster width: 415 (holotype), 381–398 (three paratypes). Integument (Figs 1–6, 12–14, 16). Body color yellow-brownish. Body surface (including subcapitular mentum, genital and adanal plates) and legs with dense microfoveolae forming mostly micropolygonal ornamentation, covered by tuberculate sculpture represented by short, strong ridges. Macropolygonal pattern absent. Prodorsum (Figs 1–3, 15). Roughly triangular in dorsal view, occupying about 2/5 of dorsal length, distinctly undulate laterally, with three to five small teeth (t) in median parts. Rostrum truncate. Rostral (ro, 110–123), lamellar (le, 106–110), interlamellar (in, 102–110) and anterior exobothridial (exa, 73–82) setae narrow phylliform, barbed, le directed posterolaterad, exa194

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anteromediad. Posterior exobothridial setae (exp, 41–45) disk-like, serrate distally. Bothridial setae (bs, 102–106) pectinate, with 10 to 12 branches on one side and several barbs on the opposite side. Postbothridial transverse band (Sb) present.

FIGURES 1–2. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov., adult: 1. dorsal view (legs not shown). Scale bar 100 μm; 2. ventral view (gnathosoma and legs except basal parts not shown). Scale bar 100 μm.

Notogaster (Figs 1–4, 14). Anterior notogastral margin slightly convex medially. Sixteen pairs of notogastral setae narrowly phylliform, barbed, c1 and d1 (69–73) shorter than c2, d2, e1, e2 and f1 (77–90) and c3, d3, f2, h1–h3 and p1–p3 (114–123). Lyrifissures ia, im, ih and ip distinct, other lyrifissures not visible. Seven transverse bands developed dorsally, S1, S8 and S10 not visible, S2 complete, others interrupted medially. Two additional pairs of bands located laterally to anogenital region. Gnathosoma (Figs 5–7). Subcapitulum longer than wide (192–205 × 168 –180), with one pair of poorly developed lateral tubercles (tub). Subcapitular setae a (49–53) and m1 (49–57) setiform, thickened, a smooth, m1 barbed, m2 (45–53) and h (45–49) phylliform, barbed. Adoral setae smooth, or1 (41) lobe-shaped, or2 (49) thick, elongated, blunt-ended, or3 (41) thickened, elongate triangular, pointed. Palps (90–98) with setation 0–1–0–3–10(+ω). Three distal setae fused basally. Solenidia similar to palptarsi in length. Postpalpal setae (12–14) spiniform, slightly barbed. Chelicerae (225) antero-dorsally with numerous small teeth, setae chb (57–61) setiform, barbed, cha (8) spiniform, smooth. Trägårdh’s organs (Tg) triangular, rounded distally.

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FIGURES 3–7. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov., adult: 3—dorso-basal part of prodorsum and anterior parts of notogaster, lateral view; 4—posterior part of hysterosoma, lateral view 5—subcapitulum, ventral view; 6—palp, right, antiaxial view; 7—chelicera, left, paraxial view. Scale bars 100 μm (3, 4), 50 μm (5, 7; 6).

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Fig. 2). Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–4. Setae 2a, 3a and 4a (32) shorter than other setae (41–45), all phylliform, barbed. Anogenital region (Figs 2, 4, 17). Medial setae (six pairs) and one pair of antero-lateral setae (32–36) phylliform, barbed, other setae (three pairs, 45–53) setiform, barbed. Transverse-median genital furrows distinct. Two pairs of anal setae (an1, an2, 53–61) setiform, barbed. Four pairs of adanal setae (ad1–ad4, 82–90) slightly phylliform, barbed. Lyrifissures ian and iad not visible. Legs (Figs 2, 8–12, 16, 18). Claw of each leg smooth. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: leg I (0–5–3–5–17) [2–1–2], leg II (0–6–3–5–13) [1–1–1], leg III (2–3–2–3–12) [1–1–0], leg IV (2– 3–2–2–12) [1–0–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. solenidia ω1 on tarsi I, ω 196


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on tarsi II and φ on tibiae III thickened, blunt-ended; other solenidia thin, setiform. Famuli (ɛ) tubercle-like, inserted between solenidia ω2 and setae ft”. Solenidia ω2 free, not coupled with setae.

FIGURES 8–12. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov., adult: 8—leg I, right, antiaxial view; 9—femur of leg II, right, antiaxial view; 10—tarsus of leg II, right, antiaxial view; 11—genu and tibia of leg III, left, antiaxial view; 12—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 50 μm.

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FIGURES 13–18. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov., adult, light micrographs: 13— sculpture of prodorsum; 14—sculpture in anogenital region and notogastral seta p3 (except distal part); 15— rostral seta; 16—sculpture and seta l’ of femur III; 17—right genital plate (except posterior part) with some genital setae; 18—leg claw III, left, antiaxial view. Scale bar 20 μm.

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TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of adult and tritonymph Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov. and adult L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960. Leg Tr

Fe

Ge

I

-

d, (l), bv”, v”

II

-

d, (l1), l2”, bv”, v”

III

l', v' d, l’, ev’

IV

l', v' d, l’, ev’

Ti

Ta

(l), dσ”, σ’

xt1, xt2, l’, v’, dφ

(ft), it’, (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, m, n, (pv), ɛ, ω1, ω2

(l), dσ

xt1, xt2, l’, v’, dφ

(ft), (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω

l’, d, σ

d, l’, v’, φ

(ft), (tc), (p), (u), a’, s, (pv)

l’, d, σ

d, l’

(ft), (tc), (p), (u), a’, s, (pv)

Note: Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters to solenidia (except ɛ = famulus), dσ and dφ—seta and solenidion coupled. Single prime (') marks setae on anterior and double prime (") setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae. Tr—trochanter, Fe—femur, Ge—genu, Ti—Tibia, Ta—tarsus.

Tritonymph (Figs 19–24) Description. Measurements. Body length: 730–763 (five paratypes); notogaster width: 332–365 (five paratypes).

FIGURES 19–20. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov., 19. tritonymph: dorsal view (legs not shown). Scale bar 100 μm; 20. tritonymph: ventral view (legs except basal parts not shown). Scale bar 100 μm.

Integument (Figs 19–24). Body color light grey. Body surface (including subcapitular mentum, genital and adanal plates) and legs with dense microfoveolae forming micropolygonal 2017


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ornamentation, covered by tuberculate sculpture represented by short, strong ridges. Macropolygonal pattern absent. Anterior part of notogaster densely striate.

FIGURES 21–24. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov., tritonymph, light micrographs: 21— epimere III, right part: sculpture and setae 3b and 3c; 22—sculpture in anogenital region and lyrifissure ih; 23— anterior part of subcapitulum, right half, ventral view; 24—right genital plate with genital setae. Scale bar 20 μm.

Prodorsum (Fig. 19). Similar to adult, but setae shorter: ro 98–102, le 77–94, in 86–94, exa 61– 65, exp 32–36, bs 82–90.

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Notogaster (Figs 19, 20, 22). Generally similar to adult. Notogastral setae c1 and d1 (49–53) shorter than c2, d2, e1, e2 and f1 (61–73) and c3, d3, f2, h1–h3 and p1–p3 (98–106). Eight transverse bands developed dorsally (including S8), S2 complete, others interrupted medially. Gnathosoma (Figs 20, 23). Similar to adult, but sizes of subcapitulum, palps and chelicerae, their structures and setae smaller. Subcapitulum 176–180 × 151 –155, a and m1 45–49, m2 and h 32– 36, or1 and or3 28–32, or2 41, palps 82, postpalpal setae 10, chelicerae 184, chb 53, cha 6. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs 20, 21). Similar to adult, but setae shorter: 2a, 3a and 4a 20, slightly phylliform, other setae 32, narrowly phylliform. Anogenital region (Figs 20, 24). Generally similar to adult, but setae shorter and genital plates with eight pairs of setae. Genital medial (four pairs) and one pair of antero-lateral setae (32–36) phylliform, other setae (three pairs, 20–24) setiform, an1 and an2 45, ad1–ad4 69–77. Legs (Fig. 20). Similar to adult. Material examined. Holotype, three paratypes and five tritonymphs: Vietnam, Dong Nai Province, Cat Tien National Park, 11°26'48''N, 107°26'26''E, 145 m a.s.l., polydominant forest, sample from large decomposing logs, 12.XI.2015 (collected by A.V. Tiunov). Type deposition. The holotype (alcohol) is deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Institute, Görlitz, Germany; three paratypes (alcohol) and five tritonymphs are in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology. The specific name pseudoturcmenica refers to the similarity between the new species and the species Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960. Remarks. The adult of Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to Lohmannia (Lohmannia) jornoti Mahunka, 1985, L. (Lohmannia) juliae Mahunka, 1984 from the Neotropical region and L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960 (see also Pérez-Íñigo 1967) from the subtropical region in having disk-like posterior exobothridial setae and narrowly fusiform prodorsal and notogastral setae, and the absence of reticulate ornamentation on the notogaster, however it differs from all species by the heavily tuberculate sculpture on the body and leg segments (vs. heavily tuberculate sculpture absent). Also, the tritonymphal instar of the new species differs from those of L. (Lohmannia) jornoti (Schatz 1993) and L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica (Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1960) by the same trait.

Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960 (Figs 25–40) Adult Supplementary description (based on specimens from Spain). Measurements. Large species. Body length: 830–863 (six specimens); notogaster width: 365–381 (six specimens). Integument (Figs 25, 26, 31–34). Body color yellow-brownish. Body surface (including subcapitular mentum, genital and adanal plates) and legs with dense microfoveolae forming mostly micropolygonal ornamentation. Sculpture and macropolygonal pattern absent. Prodorsum (Fig. 25). Roughly triangular in dorsal view, occupying about 1/3 of dorsal length, distinctly undulate laterally, with three to four small teeth in median parts. Rostrum slightly truncate. Rostral (106–114), lamellar (106–114), interlamellar (86–94) and anterior exobothridial (82–94) setae narrow phylliform, barbed, le directed posterolaterad, exa–anteromediad. Posterior exobothridial setae (36–41) disk-like, serrate distally. Bothridial setae (102–110) pectinate, with 10 to 12 branches on one side and several barbs on the opposite side. Postbothridial transverse band present. 2017


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FIGURES 25–26. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960, adult: 25. dorsal view (legs not shown). Scale bar 100 μm; 26. ventral view (legs except basal parts not shown). Scale bar 100 μm.

Notogaster (Figs 25, 26, 31, 33). Anterior notogastral margin slightly convex medially. Sixteen pairs of notogastral setae narrowly phylliform, barbed, c1, d1 and e1 (41–49) shorter than c2, d2, e2 and f1 (57–65) and c3, d3, f2, h1–h3 and p1–p3 (106–114). Lyrifissures ia, im, ih and ip distinct, other lyrifissures not visible. Eight transverse bands developed dorsally, S1 and S10 not visible, S2 complete, others interrupted medially. Two additional pairs of bands located laterally to anogenital region. Gnathosoma (Figs 26, 36–40). Subcapitulum longer than wide (184–192 × 147 –159), with one pair of lateral tubercles. Subcapitular setae a (53–57) setiform, thickened, smooth, m1 (53–57) narrowly phylliform, barbed, m2 (45–53) and h (45–53) phylliform, barbed. Adoral setae smooth, or1 (32) lobe-shaped, or2 (41) thick, elongated, blunt-ended, or3 (32) thickened, elongate triangular, pointed. Palps (82) with setation 0–1–0–3–10(+ω). Distal three setae fused basally. Solenidia similar to palptarsi in length. Postpalpal setae (12) spiniform, slightly barbed. Chelicerae (205–209) anterodorsally with numerous small teeth, setae chb (49) setiform, barbed, cha (6) spiniform, smooth. Trägårdh’s organs triangular, rounded distally. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs 26, 32). Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–4. Setae 2a, 3a and 4a (20) slightly phylliform, other setae (32–36) phylliform, all barbed. Anogenital region (Figs 26, 34). One pair of antero-lateral setae (24–28) phylliform, barbed, other setae (nine pairs, 41–45) setiform or indistinctly dilated, barbed. Transverse median genital furrows distinct. Two pairs of anal setae (61–69) setiform, barbed. Four pairs of adanal setae (82– 90) slightly phylliform, barbed. Lyrifissures ian and iad not visible. 202


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FIGURES 27–30. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960, adult: 27—genu and tibia of leg I, left, paraxial view; 28—femur, genu and tibia of leg II, right, antiaxial view; 29—genu and tibia of leg III, left, antiaxial view; 30—femur (except posterior part), genu and tibia of leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 50 μm.

Legs (Figs 25, 27–30, 35). Claw of each leg smooth. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: leg I (0–5–3–5–17) [2–1–2], leg II (0–6–3–5–13) [1–1–1], leg III (2–3–2–3–12) [1–1–0], leg IV (2–3– 2–2–12) [1–0–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. solenidia ω1 on tarsi I, ω on tarsi II and φ on tibiae III thickened, blunt-ended; other solenidia thin, setiform. Famuli tubercle-like, inserted between solenidia ω2 and setae ft”. Solenidia ω2 free, not coupled with setae. Material examined. Six specimens: Spain, Badajoz Province, Segura de León village, 38°08'N, 06°32'E, 610 m a.s.l., samples were taken from deep layers of soil, 24.IV.2012 (collected by J.P. Zaballos and S. Pérez). Material deposition. Six studied specimens are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia.

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FIGURES 31–35. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960, adult, light micrographs: 31—surface, seta d2 and medial parts of transverse bands S5 and S6 on notogaster; 32—surface and epimeral setae 1a and 1c of left part of epimere I; 33—surface in anogenital region and seta p3 (except distal part); 34— preanal plate and posterior part of right genital plate with genital setae; 35—leg III, claw, seta p’ and setae seta tc” with swollen tips, left, antiaxial view. Scale bar 20 μm.

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FIGURES 36–40. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960, adult, light micrographs: 36—anterior part of subcapitulum, left half, ventral view; 37—palp (except basal part), right, antiaxial view; 38—cheliceral seta cha; 39—anterior part of chelicera with seta chb; 40—Trägårdh’s organ of chelicera. Scale bar 20 μm.

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Remarks. The adult of Lohmannia (Lohmannia) turcmenica from Spain (data above) corresponds morphologically with those from Turkmenistan (Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1960) and Spain (Pérez-Íñigo 1967), but differs by the presence of transverse bands on the notogaster. I assume that the authors (Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1960; Pérez-Íñigo 1967) were mistaken and the notogastral bands really were present, because it is a generic trait of Lohmannia, and in my specimens the bands are present. Thus, the presence of transverse bands on the notogaster should be observed in future identifications of L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica.

Acknowledgements I cordially thank Dr. A.V. Tiunov (A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia) for sending me Lohmannia (Lohmannia) pseudoturcmenica sp. nov., and Dr. Umukusum Ya. Shtanchaeva and Prof. Dr. Luis S. Subías (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) for sending me L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960. This project was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 14-14-01134).

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