May 30, 2017 - 3. MaaS and MAASiFiE. MaaS services. MaaS business models. Impact assessment. Technology. Roadmap. Roles. Next steps ...
TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY
Webinar: Mobility As A Service For Linking Europe (MAASiFiE) Jenni Eckhardt, VTT Aki Aapaoja, VTT Lasse Nykänen, VTT
MariAnne Karlsson, Chalmers Jana Sochor, Chalmers 30.5.2017
Agenda MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment Technology Roadmap Roles Next steps
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MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment
Technology Roadmap Roles Next steps
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Project information Research programme: CEDR Transnational Road Research Programme – Mobility & ITS Funding partners of ITS & Mobility are the National Road Administrations (NRA) of Austria, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom Research Calls are managed by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency
Project duration: 1st June 2015 – 31st May 2017 Project coordinator: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. Project partners: AustriaTech (Austria) Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden) Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden) 30.5.2017
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Project background and motivation Changes in our environment… Decreasing importance of owning a car Sharing economy Modal shift targets (public transport) Sustainability Smartphones and applications Digitalization and automatization
…require and enable new transport services New mobility services, e.g. car sharing, ride sharing… Strong IT-support for new mobility services Access to services at any time and from anywhere Real-time information Automated passenger and freight services
Emergence of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) can make the use of alternative transport modes even more attractive 30.5.2017
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MaaS definition by MAASiFiE (2016) “Multimodal and sustainable mobility services addressing customers' transport needs by integrating planning and payment on a one-stop-shop principle”
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Project structure
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Project main content MaaS vision, Roadmap 2025 and implementation of MaaS (WP2) MaaS state-of-the-art (WP2+3) MaaS service combinations in different geographical areas (WP3) Business and operator models (PPP & Commercial models) (WP3) Key performance indicators (KPIs) and impact assessment (WP4) Technology for MaaS (architecture, interoperability, roaming…) (WP5)
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MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment
Technology Roadmap Roles Next steps
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Public and regulatory level
Transport and logistics service provider level
Mobility service level
”FLEXIBLE MOBILITY MARKET”
SUPPLY SIDE DEMAND SIDE
Scheduled public transport services Local authorities & PT organizer
Public and private parking Private transport services [sharing/renting]
Road/ infrastructure authorities and ministries
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On-Demand public transport services Logistics services
MaaS operators Broker services Service integration
Reselling
User interface One-stopshop: mobile payment and routing
ENDUSERS Real-time travel chain
3rd party Mobile Service Providers
Telecommunication and transport infrastructure network
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MaaS in different geographical areas Cities Suburban areas Objectives: Objectives: University of Technology (Sweden) Reduce the use private of carsChalmers (congestions, No need for a 2nd car parking) First-/last-mile accessibility Reduce emissions Based on: Based on: Park & ride -services, on-demand transport Existing public transport and other services connecting suburban to city transport services Extended with rental and shared cars and bikes… Rural areas Objectives: Increase efficiency and utilization rate Maintain sufficient service level Improve accessibility Based on: Demand-responsive transport, taxis, busses and connections to long-haul transport, and car pooling Additional services: parcel deliveries, library services, and food and medicine distribution… 30.5.2017
National and international levels Objective: Offer easy all-in-one packages Based on: Long-haul transport including air traffic Additional services: accommodation, event tickets, activities…
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MaaS and MaaS related services
Fölix Sonera Reissu/Telia Yllästiketti YlläsAround/Telia Perille Mobility Seinäjoki/Sito Whim 24Rent Tuup Vedia Taxi ShareIt Blox Car KutsuPlus City Car Club
Multinational: GoogleMaps Moovel (Car2Go) Uber (Uber pool) BMW (Drive now) Myway, Waze BlaBlaCar, ZipCar
UbiGo
Radiuz Total Mobility
Bayerninfo.de HannoverMobil DB mobility services Quixxit Citymapper Moovit
Citymapper
STIB+ Cambio VAO SMILE/BeamBeta WienMobiLab TIM
TaM SNCF
MyCicero
SBB services (publibike/QuicKbike)
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MaaS and MAASiFiE Technology MaaS services Roadmap MaaS business models Roles Impact assessment Next steps
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MaaS operator models
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Commercial MaaS models
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Public transport operator and PPP MaaS models
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Operator models in different geographical areas Commercial Reseller model: Travel agencies National and international traveling
Commercial Integrator model: Urban and suburban areas National/international MaaS
Public transport operator model: Mainly in cities where comprehensive public transport already exists
PPP model: Especially suitable for rural areas Public actor’s interest to increase the efficiency of subsidized transportation 30.5.2017
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Service agreements
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MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment
Technology Roadmap Roles Next steps
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Impact areas (literature study) Area (examples)
Mentioned in relation to MaaS
Emissions
Y
Congestion
Y
Efficiency
Y
Accessibility
Y
Travel time
Y
Travel behaviour
In terms of modal split/share
Cost
Y
Social inclusion/exclusion
Y
Employment
Y
Safety
N
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Areas and KPIs (proposed in web survey) Level
Areas and KPIs
Societal level
Citizens’ access to mobility; Congestion; Utilisation rate of vehicles; Changes in laws and regulations; Emissions; …
Business level: Private business
(New) business models; Business value proposition; No of customers; Revenue sources; Data sharing; …
Business level: Public transport
Data sharing; No of customers; Partnerships; (New) business models; …
Individual/user
Combining different modes of transport; Modal split; Satisfaction with transport solution; Perceived accessibility to transport services; …
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KPIs and impacts Level
Individual /user level Business/ organisation al level Societal level 30.5.2017
Total number of trips made Modal shift (from car to PT, to sharing, to ...) Combining different modes of transport Attitudes towards PT, sharing, etc. Perceived accessibility to transport Total travel cost per individual/household Number of customer Customer segments (men/women, young/old, ...) Collaboration/partnerships in value chain Revenues/turnover Data sharing Organisational changes, changes in responsibilities Emissions Resource efficiency (roads, vehicles, land use, ..) Citizens accessibility to transport services Modification of vehicle fleet (electrification, automation) Legal and policy issues
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Analysis of case studies/pilots Level
The case of UbiGo in Gothenburg KPI Individual /user level
Business/ organisational level Societal level 30.5.2017
Total number of trips made Modal shift (from car to PT, to sharing, to ...) Combining different modes of transport Attitudes towards PT, sharing, etc. Perceived accessibility to transport Total travel cost per individual/household Number of customer Customer segments (men/women, young/old, ...) Collaboration/partnerships in value chain Revenues/turnover Data sharing Organisational changes, changes in responsibilities Emissions Resource efficiency (roads, vehicles, land use, ..) Citizens accessibility to transport services Modification of vehicle fleet (electrification, automation) Legal and policy issues
-
(a new service) (men) (elderly)
? None ?
Impact Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive/Negative Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive ? 23
Analysis of case studies/pilots Level
The case of SMILE in Vienna
Individual /user level Business/ organisation al level Societal level 30.5.2017
Total number of trips made Modal shift (from car to PT, to sharing, to ...) Combining different modes of transport Attitudes towards PT, sharing, etc. Perceived accessibility to transport Total travel cost per individual/household Number of customer Customer segments (men/women, young/old, ...) Collaboration/partnerships in value chain Revenues/turnover Data sharing Organisational changes, changes in responsibilities Emissions Resource efficiency (roads, vehicles, land use, ..) Citizens accessibility to transport services Modification of vehicle fleet (electrification, automation) Legal and policy issues
KPI -
(men) ( ) ( ) -
Impact Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive -
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Implications A broader introduction of MaaS has potential to result in overall positive impacts – but also some negative impacts A few potential conflicts between e.g. individual and societal goals must be acknowledged! The business level must receive more attention! Overall, a lack of empirical evidence A common impact assessment framework should be developed! Financial bodies should demand proper evaluations of pilots and trials
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MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment
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MaaS System Architecture – Development process Initial situation: MaaS ecosystem / value chain findings (Data level User) Developing up of the MaaS architecture MaaS Ecosystem
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MaaS value chain
Service level
MaaS System architecture
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Wireless Networks for MaaS Mobile networks are available nearly everywhere Coverage holes and roaming costs bring some problems Utilizing also WLAN/WiFi hotspots, low-power long-range IoT networks, satellite, and HF radio allow communications practically anywhere anytime
Current 3G and 4G networks provide sufficient performance for current MaaS services Data rates, delays, reliability and availability are on a satisfactory level
5G will bring many new possibilities for MaaS as well Enables creating connected systems more extensively Enables creating more personalised and location-based services Enables creating data-intensive solutions 30.5.2017
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Roaming in MaaS A single MaaS operator will not be capable of satisfying all mobility of most of its subscribers but will need help from others Roaming may be across country borders, means of transports, or regions within a single country In principle, roaming is based only on agreements between MaaS operators and open interfaces
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Technical recommendations: Open data Open and well specified interfaces Data about transport schedules, transport vehicles, current weather etc. should be made available Unified data structures in different data sources Unified machine readable protocols for updating (push) and retrieving (pull), e.g. Restful (JSON), SOAP, XML, etc., More sophisticated and optimised algorithms for route planning
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Technical recommendations: Wireless Networks Handle situations without wireless access coverage in user applications and ticket reading machines Due to high roaming costs, alternative ways to be connected (higher WIFI coverage: e.g. in-vehicles) Utilize the upcoming mobile network technology (5G)
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Technical recommendations: Standardization Applying road transport standards relevant for C-ITS, automation: DATEX II Data content specifications applied to Road and Public transport and related data standards to be used: DATEX II (RT), NETEX/ Transmodel, SIRI Digital networks/routing applications: common digital network graph (links and nodes for routing) and exchanging information (e.g. based on INSPIRE)
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MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment
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Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden)
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MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment
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MaaS and MAASiFiE MaaS services MaaS business models Impact assessment
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Next steps More pilots and services benchmarking of best practices, understanding contextual factors Evaluation based on quantitative and qualitative data impacts of MaaS on different levels Roadmap update what is the direction of MaaS Guidance information, incentives, regulation Collaboration: National and international: policy making, regulation, technical interoperability… Business sector, public sector, PPPP...
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More info Deliverables Eckhardt, J. Aapaoja, A., Nykänen, L., Sochor, J., Karlsson, M., König, D. (2017). Deliverable 2: European MaaS Roadmap 2025. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR. König, D., Eckhardt, J. Aapaoja, A., Sochor, J., Karlsson, M. (2016). Deliverable 3: Business and operator models for MaaS. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR. Karlsson, M., Sochor, J., Aapaoja, A., Eckhardt, J., König, D. (2017). Deliverable 4: Impact Assessment of MaaS. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR. König, D., Piri, E., Karlsson, M., Sochor, J., Heino, I. (2017). Deliverable 5: Technology for MaaS. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR.
Journal/conference papers König, D., Sochor, J. & Eckhardt, J. (2016). State-of-the-art survey on stakeholders' expectations for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) – highlights from Europe. 11th ITS European Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, 6-9 June 2016. Sochor, J., Eckhardt, J., König, D. Karlsson, M. (2016). Future needs and visions for Mobility as a Service: Insights from European workshops. 23rd ITS World Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 10–14 October 2016 König, D., Sochor, J., Eckhardt, J. & Böhm, M. 2016. State-of-the-art survey on stakeholders' expectations towards Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). 23rd ITS World Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 10–14 October 2016.
http://www.vtt.fi/sites/maasifie 30.5.2017
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Thank you! Questions?
