Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor is elevated in

Gynecological Endocrinology

ISSN: 0951-3590 (Print) 1473-0766 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/igye20

Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor is elevated in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus Özgür Yilmaz, Mert Küçük, Levent Kebapçilar, Tamer Altindag, Arif Yüksel, Hüseyin Oguz Yuvanç, Tuba Dal & Yusuf Savran To cite this article: Özgür Yilmaz, Mert Küçük, Levent Kebapçilar, Tamer Altindag, Arif Yüksel, Hüseyin Oguz Yuvanç, Tuba Dal & Yusuf Savran (2012) Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor is elevated in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, Gynecological Endocrinology, 28:1, 76-79 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2011.588757

Published online: 17 Aug 2011.

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Date: 05 January 2016, At: 01:52

Gynecological Endocrinology, 2012; 28(1): 76–79 Copyright © 2012 Informa UK, Ltd. ISSN 0951-3590 print/ISSN 1473-0766 online DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.588757

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor is elevated in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus Özgür Yilmaz1, Mert Küçük2, Levent Kebapçilar3, Tamer Altindaḡ4, Arif Yüksel5, Hüseyin Oḡuz Yuvanç6, Tuba Dal7 & Yusuf Savran8 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akhisar State Hospital, Akhisar, Manisa, Turkey, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,

Downloaded by [Dokuz Eylul University ] at 01:52 05 January 2016

Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey, 3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Selcuklu Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, 4Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Eskisehir, Turkey, 5Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey, 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 7Department of Microbiology, Diyarbakir Bismil State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey, and 8Department of Internal Medicine, Manisa Salihli Can Hospital, Manisa, Turkey

likely to develop other pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, and they have an increased incidence of developing overt diabetes after pregnancy [6–8]. Some of the short-term adverse outcomes of neonates include: macrosomia, birth trauma, fetal demise, hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia [9]. Compared with offspring of euglycemic women, children of mothers diagnosed to have GDM were found to have increased long-term complications including obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes in adolescence or early adulthood [10,11]. Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) was one of the first proinflammatory cytokines, which was originally described almost four decades ago. In the 1960s, MIF was reported to inhibit migration of macrophages and to recruit macrophages at inflammatory loci as a T-cell-derived lymphokine [12,13]. MIF has recently attracted much attention and it is an area of active investigation. A much broader role has been proposed for MIF since first description. MIF with recent studies was found to be released from the pituitary gland and monocytes and macrophages [14,15]. MIF has been found to be associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, uveitis, delayed-type hypersensitivity, toxic response to septicemia, glomerulonephritis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autoimmune-mediated diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes [16–22]. MIF was also reported to counter-regulate the effects of glucocorticoids [23]. Despite conflicting data, recent studies have revealed that this proinflammatory cytokine may play a role in glucose metabolism [24–26]. MIF gene that consists of three short exons and two introns was detected on chromosome 22q11.2 [26]. Also, functional promoter polymorphisms in the human MIF have been described and associated with various diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus [27–29]. As mentioned above, associations of abnormal MIF production with many diseases have been reported. Besides, MIF with increasing evidence is claimed to play an important central role in glucose homeostasis and in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes even the data are sparse. However, serum MIF levels in GDM have not yet been investigated. To address this

Objective: In reports, abnormal macrophage migrationinhibitory factor (MIF) production has been associated with several diseases. Furthermore, despite scarce data, increasing evidence suggest that MIF plays a central role in glucose homeostasis and in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, serum MIF levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have not yet been investigated. To address this question, we performed a prospective study between a group of pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant controls. Materials and methods: GDM group consisted of 43 pregnant women, whereas the control group consisted of 40 healthy pregnant women. In the morning after an overnight fast, venous blood was sampled for the measurement of serum concentrations of insulin and MIF. Serum was separated by centrifugation and immediately stored at −80°C until the assay. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups for maternal characteristics. Women with GDM had significantly higher levels of serum insulin (14.37 ± 9.92 µU/ml vs. 8.78 ± 4.35 µU/ml; p = 0.001) and serum MIF concentrations (11.31 ± 4.92 ng/ml vs. 5.31 ± 4.07 ng/ml; p