vol.13, pp.337-340, 1998, Editor: V. Kose, J. Sievert, IOS Press-. Amsterdam, ISSN: 1383-7281. Specifications: ⢠Measuring range: +/- 200.000nT. ⢠noise: < 1 nT.
MAGNETOMETRY Theoretical and experimental research Faculty of Physics Iasi Conference - January 2009
Baltag Octavian Ioan
Ligns of force of the geomagnetic field (Glatzmaier et Roberts, 1995). http://paleomag.uqar.ca/spip.php?article44 1
1971 B.Sc. in Physics - specialized in Electroradiophysics "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi 1982 Ph.D. with a thesis entitled "Contributions to development of low magnetic fields magnetometers" Central Institute of Physics - Bucuresti
2
THEORETICAL AND APPLICATIVE RESARCH IN MAGNETOMETRY DIRECTIONS 1971 - 2001 MAGNETOMETRY Space applications Marine applications and naval degaussing Terrestrial – special applications Laboratory – research & industry METROLOGY, TRANSDUCERS & SPECIAL DEVICES
MAGNETIC DETECTION Naval and terrestrial magnetic mines Industrial applications buried metallic bodies ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY Special applications Research & industry
PROTECTION OF INTELECTUAL & INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY Patents Trademarks 3
RESEARCH DOMAIN 2001 - 2008 HIGH RESOLUTION MAGNETOMETRY Biomedical applications
MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY Microwave Thermografy – early detection of the breast cancer
4
MAGNETOMETRY Theoretical & experimental research on the fluxgate transducers for low magnetic field Iex ferrofluid
Hex
h
U2f
h
Iex h
I ex
H h+ Hex
h
ex
hHex h
h U2f
U2f
h H ex
Iex
5
Fluxgate diagram B B
H +Bs ϕ
H
ωt -Bs
H=H0sinωt
dΦ/dt
h=0 h>0
ωt
h>0 U2f ωt
ωt
Core I Core II
6
RESULTS AND APPLICATIONS
Research on the fluxgate transducers & magnetometer electronics – applications for Intercosmos satellites
Technical data: • range: +/- 80.000 nT • frequency of pulse excitation: 2 kHz, • second harmonic: 4 kHz • noise: < 1 nT • nonlinearity : < 1% • applications: triaxial magnetometer for Intercosmos satellites 7
FLUXGATE WITH MULTIPLE PATH OF FLUX patent RO, nr. 60.346, Int. Cl. G01R33/00
Fluxgate sensor with multiple path of flux, O. Baltag, D. Costandache„ “Studies in applied electromagnetics and mechanics”, vol.13, pp.337-340, 1998, Editor: V. Kose, J. Sievert, IOS PressAmsterdam, ISSN: 1383-7281
Specifications: • Measuring range: +/- 200.000nT • noise: < 1 nT • excitation: pulse • liniarity: < 1%
Core: permalloy processed by photogravure, trated in hidrogen, coil support: noril and cuartz powder 8
FLUXGATE WITH MULTIPLE PATH OF FLUX patent RO, nr. 60.346, Int. Cl. G01R33/00
9
NONLINEAR RESONANCE PHENOMENA IN FLUXGATE Fluxgate transfer characteristic in nonlinear resonance regime
Specific phenomena: • In certain operation conditions the fluxgate transducer no longer works as a magnetic field sensor and it is generating an almost quasisinusoidal signal with a frequency equal to the odd or even harmonics of the excitation signal • The second harmonic phase can only be changed (with 180°) by applying a continuous or alternative magnetic field exceeding the threshold value characteristic to the regime.
10
Fluxgate – nonlinear resonance Transfer characteristic U2ω = f (h) of the fluxgate in second harmonic resonance regime U2f second harmonic amplitude H external magnetic field Uex excitation voltage f excitation frequency
Hysteresis response to applied field of the fluxgate on second harmonic: - UQ second harmonic quadrature component - US second harmonic, sinphasic component - UA second harmonic amplitude - H external magnetic field 11
Nonlinear resonance - Applications Double pumping magnetometer and measuring method, patent Ro, No. 67520, Int. Cl. G01R33/02 Functional instability of ferromagnetic sensor in nonlinear resonance regime, digest, INTERMAG 96, Seattle, 1996 Pecularities of the fluxgate responses in the parametric resonance regime, O. Baltag, D. Costandache, Sensors Letters, Vol. 7, No.3, pp. 276–277 (2009)
Excitation frequency f=2000Hz: first pumping frequency External magnetic field frequency F=200Hz: second pumping frequency
12
DOUBLE PUMPING MAGNETOMETER Patent RO, no. 67520, Int. Cl. G01R33/02
Fluxgate responses U2f (second harmonic 2f) at second pumping field F=200 Hz, and measuring field Ho
Second harmonic U2f of the fluxgate modulated in amplitude by second pumping field with frequency F=200 Hz
Functional characteristics: • first pumping frequency (fluxgate excitation): f=2 kHz • second pumping frequency: F=200 Hz • noise: < 0,1 nT • measuring range: +/- 200.000 nT 13
FERROFLUID FLUXGATE TRANSDUCER Behaviour of some nonlinear devices with ferrofluid, O. Baltag, D. Costandache, C. Cotae, JMMM, vol. 157 , pp. 591,1996 Magnetometer with ferrofluid sensor, Baltag O., D.Costandache, IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference IMTC 96, Brussels, 1996, pp.263-265, ISBN: 0-7803-3312-8, IEEE Xplore, INSPEC Number: 5391810 Sensor with ferrofluid for magnetic measurements, O. Baltag, D. Costandache, IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 46, nr.2, pp. 629-631, 1997 Nonlinear behaviour of the ferrofluid in orthogonal magnetic fields, O. Baltag, D. Costandache, JMMM, 201, pp.123-125, 1999 The study of a magnetic fluid based sensor, C. Cotae, O. Baltag, R.Olaru, D.Calarasu, D.Costandache, JMMM, 201, pp.393-397, 1999 Sensor with ferrofluid for magnetic measurements, O. Baltag, D. Costandache, Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, Braunschweigh, June 1996, CPEM-96, pp.61-62, ISBN: 0-7803-3376-4
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FERRITE FLUXGATE Gaussmeter, O.Baltag, D. Costandache, IEEE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Signal, Circuits & Systems, Iasi 1995, pp. 473 Magnetic field measurement with soft ferrite cored sensors, Baltag O., D. Costandache, 7-th, International Conference on Ferrites, Bordeaux,1996 Toroidal Fluxgate Sensor Compared in Dynamic Preisach Framework, Salceanu A., Baltag O., Costandache D., The 7-th European Magnetic Materials and Applications Conference, EMMA ‚98, Zaragoza, Spain, pp. 248
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AMORPHOUS AND NANOCHRISTALINE FLUXGATE Preisach approach for modelling an amorphous toroidal fluxgate sensor, A. Salceanu, O. Baltag, D.Costandache, Sensor and Actuators, A, vol. 81, pp.207-211, 1999, ISSN: 0925-4005 Study of a magnetic field sensor with nanocrystalline materials, Salceanu A., Baltag O., et all, Bul.Inst.Politehnic Iaşi, Tom XLV (IL), Fasc.5A, pp.381-384, 1999, ISSN 0258-9109 Fluxgate sensor with nanocrystaline ferromagnetic core, Baltag O., M.Craus, D. Costandache, "43 Internationales Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium", Ilmenau , sept. 1998 Study of a ferrite sensor for medium magnetic field intensity measurement, O. Baltag, D. Costandache, A. Salceanu, Studies in applied electromagnetics and mechanics, in „Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics”, vol.18, Editori: P.di Barba, A. Savini, pp.665669, 2000, IOS Press-Amsterdam, ISSN: 1383-7281 16
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS FOR FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER Electronic devices for fluxgate excitation and generating of reference signal, Patent RO., No. 80140 (1982), Int. Cl. G01G33/02
17
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS FOR FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER Negative feedback network Negative feedback circuit Selective amplifier
Excitation generator
f Reference 2f h
Frequency divider 1/2
D.C. Amplifier
Phase shift
Synchronous Detector
Fluxgate Generator 2f
Reference 2f
Us
Ue
µ
S
Ur = βUe
Excitation Generator
ir hr
β Ur
Feedback coil Ku , Ki , rr
18
Integrated hybrids circuits for magnetometry Integrated hybrids circuits for magnetometry - ceramics support - resistors – laser trimming - active components: integrated circuits - packaging – epoxy resins and quartz powder
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MAGNETOMETRY – NAVAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS Magnetic protection of ships
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MAGNETOMETRY – NAVAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS Methods and installations for magnetic protection of ships
Triaxial magnetometer for SAD installations control
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MAGNETOMETRY – NAVAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS Degaussing ship
http://www.defencetalk.com/pictures/surface -ships/p11192-rsrb-36-degaussing-ship.html
Romanian degaussing ships: “ELECTRONICA” http://romaniaforum.info/index.php?page=Index
Degaussing current 22
MAGNETOMETRY – NAVAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS Dragging of the degaussing cable around of ship
www.aetherometry.com/.../uft_degaussing.html
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/swos/eng/62B-303.html
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Three channel magnetometer
•Applications: measuring of the vertical magnetic field • power: 220V/50Hz, 12V dc. • 3 channels galvanic separately • range: 80.000 nT • manual compensation: 60.000 nT • display: 3 1/2 digit • immersion depth: 40m,
Old URSS naval fluxgate 24
MAGNETOMETRY - NAVAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS Countermeasures – magnetic mine technology: Triaxial magnetometer for “SAD” systems protection of mine sweeper Characteristics and performance: Magnetometric channel: 3 orthogonal fluxgates and 3 magnetometric channels Fluxgates position: masthead Measuring range: +/- 60.000 nT Compensation range : +/- 50.000 nT Coils intensity current: +/- 5 A Amplidyne power: 1-7 kVA Measuring error: 1% Nonlinearity: < 1% Deperming coil: counteract the ship’s longitudinal permanent and induced magnetism - athwart ship coil - loops in vertical fore and aft planes for compensate the permanent and induced magnetism - longitudinal coil - loops in vertical planes, counteract the ship’s longitudinal magnetism - quarterdeck coil - forecastle coil counteract the ship’s longitudinal magnetism - main coil made in a horizontal plane, encircles the ship and counteract the ship’s vertical magnetism 25
Laboratory of the "Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy
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Romanian SAD “Antimagnetic protection ” System
URSS Old SAD System
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Amplidynes current amplifiers for deperming coils 28
MAGNETOMETRY - NAVAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS
Research regarding a omnidirectional magneto static transducer Destination: Naval mine with multiparametric sensors
Magnetometric channel: • gradient channels: 3 orthogonal • magnetic field range: +/- 50.000 nT • sensibility on magnetic field: 0,1 mV / nT • sensibility on magnetic field gradient: 1 mV/ nT • magnetic field detection range: +/- 10.000 nT • gradient base: 2m • gradient magnetic field range: +/- 5.000 nT/m • duration of magnetic gradient pulse: 1s – 10s • astatic performance: 10-3
29
MAGNETOMETRY - NAVAL & MARINE APPLICATIONS Marine polygon: magnetic signature
Naval magnetometry polygon
Multichannel magnetometer 30
Multichannel magnetometric installation measuring range: +/-20.000 nT +/- 2.000 nT field compensation: +/- 60.000 nT error compensation: 5 nT resolution: 1 nT measurement error: 2% channel: 24 fluxgate cable length: 200 m calibrations testing galvanic separation between channels analogic output:+/-5 V/50.000 nT temperature coefficient: 4 nT / °C Magnetometer channel – hybrid integrated circuits
31
Computerized sub aquatic magnetic polygon
128 magnetometric channels 32
Computerized sub aquatic magnetic polygon
• 128 magnetometric channels • measuring range: +/- 80.000 nT • analogical output: 8V / 80.000nT • galvanic separation • length of the cable: 1.200 m
• magnetic field compensation: 16 step • magnetic field step: 5.000nT • A/D conversion: 16 bit • calibration step: 10.000 nT
33
Computerized sub aquatic magnetic polygon
Magnetometer case
Magnetometers arrangements
34
Detection of magnetic anomaly în Black Sea - “SMM III” Devices resolution: 1 nT precision: de 0.2 nT ambiental temperature: – 40 C …. + 60 C sample per second: 3
35
Overhauser magnetometer Caracteristici: domain: 28.000 – 75.000 nT; noise: 0,03 nT/Hz; precision: 0.5 nT; digital output rate: 10 per sec omnidirecţional sensor
36
MAGNETIC DETECTION RESEARCH O. Baltag, D. Costandache, Electromagnetic detection of the metallic hidden objects, International conference on “The detection of abandoned lands mines”, Edinburg, 1996 O. Baltag, D. Costandache, Detectia electromagnetica a corpurilor metalice, Conferinta Nationala de Fizica Aplicata, Iasi 2004 Electromagnetic detection of metallic objects, O. Baltag, D.Costandache, Bul. Inst Pol. Iasi, tom LII (LVI), fasc. 1-2, 2006, pp.
37
Subaquatic metal detectors
38
Research on magnetic characterization of terestrial military vehicles
39
40
Anticar mine MAT 01
• Magnetic detection devices, , O. Baltag, patent RO 92.162 • Devices for magnetic detonation of a mine, O. Baltag, Patent Ro 102.963 • Multiflux fluxgate, O. Baltag, patent RO 115004 41
Level transducer Ferrofluid level transducer Tilt measurement sensor, O. Baltag, D. Costandache, A. Salceanu, Sensor and Actuators, A, vol. 81, pp. 335-339, 2000, ISSN: 0925-4005 Nivelă electronică, O. Baltag, C. Cotae, Gh. Călugăru, patent RO 91.481 Senzor de înclinare, R. Olaru, O.Baltag, patent RO 104.809 Senzor de înclinare cu ferofluid, R. Olaru, O.Baltag, patent RO 107.481
42
Electronic levelmeter
Technical data: Resolution: (1-10) µ/m Measuring domains: ± 0,25 mm/m ± 25 mm/m ± 25 mm/m Dimensions: 300 x 300 x 40 mm Surfaces precision: 4 µ/m
Horizontal pendulum transducer 43
Helmholtz Coils (4x4 m, D = 1 m – 0,2 m)
44
Magnetometers ( 2T - 1 nT), (0 Hz – 500 Hz)
45
Magnetometers d.c. ( 2T - 1 nT), (0 Hz – 500 Hz) c.a. ( 100 T, impuls)
•TTQM Phare project : “ELEPOL” – Isotest Engineering Italia & Terraflux Control 46
RESEARCH – MAGNETIC DETECTION industrial applications Magnetic body detection: • Eddy currents metods – feromagnetic and nonferromagnetic body • Magnetometric methods – feromagnetic inclusions detection
47
Eddy currents detection Sensibility: Φ = 1 mm Metallic body: Cr, Fe, Cu, Al Section controlled: 1,5 m x 4 m Protection: explosions proof, IP 65, negative temperatures, shocks and mechanical vibrations.
48
Gradientmetru operational Patents: Operational Gradientmeter “Multiflux” Fluxgate
49
Magnetic inclusions detection Sensibility: 4 mg Width of material controlled: 12m Width of detection channel: 8 cm
Project PC-5: Multi-technique control system for the detection of hidden explosives “EXPLONOSE” 50
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Magnetic field measurements: • DC and AC Magnetometers Magnetic fields control: • Mass spectrometer Finnigan • Ships • Laboratory Shielding of magnetic and electromagnetic fields • Magnetic shields • Textile composite materials
51
Dynamic control of the magnetic fields
Performances: Compensation range : 100 mT Frequency: 20 Hz – 400 Hz Compensation level: < 1.000 nT Coils dimensions: (3x3) m Dynamic: 40 dB
• IGG – Bucuresti – Finnigan Mass Spectrometer • Zurich conference on EMC
52
Electromagnetic shielding – amorphous textile structure Yarns with amorphous wire
International Partners: - Amotek Chisinau Moldova, - Isotest Engineering Italia, - Rondi Italia, - Inst. Giordano Italia, - Terraflux Control Romania Dw µm
dm, µm
Ss
17
12
14
Hk, A/m 60 4
Hc, A/m
Br/Bs
dbmax, dB
dbmin, dB
Fmax, MHz
18
0.3
-23
-15
1600
53
Composite textile materials – different weaving types
Biocompatibility testing Project CEEX: “EPINTEL” Project PN2: “SIR” “PIERS” conference Moscova 54
Microwave polarizing
Shielding factors for the sample after hygienizing operation
55
DIDACTIC LABORATORY Courses: Metrology, Sensors, transducers and biosensors, Biomedical applications of microwaves, Physical principles of medical imagistic systems Ultrasound Doppler effect
Osciloscop Amplifier
Microwave Doppler effect Microwave generaator Prisma
Microwave receiver
Goniometer
Microwave Bragg iffraction
56
Microwave receiver
Polarizer
Microwave generator
XYT H detection Clistron probe
Horn antenna Wave guide
E detection probe
Osciloscop
Amplifier
Reception antenna Goniometer
Generator
Balistocardiography experiment 57
Laboratory – Sensors, transducers, biosensors
58
Laboratory – Sensors, transducers, biosensors
59
RESEARCH LABORATORY
Inst.of Technical Physics of Iasi – Authorized laboratory for magnetometry and clinometry Terraflux Control – Authorized Magnetometric Laboratory Medical Bioengineering Faculty of Iasi –Bioelectromagnetism Laboratory
60
BIOELECTROMAGNETISM RESEARCH LABORATORY
(Malmivuo – Bioelectromagnetism)
61
Dynamic control of magnetic fields
Helmholtz coils - dimensions
62
Magnetic field attenuation in Aluminum
Atenuare tabla Al
60 50 Atenuare dB
Magnetic field map
40 30 2 mm 4 mm
20
Frecventa Hz
10 0 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
63
Entry in aluminum shielded room Side view
64
Wood mobile bed
65
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM - DYNAMIC CONTROL OF MAGNETIC FIELD
Manual compensation +/- 50.000 nT
Active compensation +/- 10.000 nT 66
Electronic installation – control of magnetic field
67
SQUID magnetometer
68
Biomagnetic fields
MPG – magnetopneumograma MGG – magnetogastrograma MEG – magnetoenecefalograma MCG – magnetocardiograma fMCG – magnetocardiograma fetală MM – markeri magnetici MMG – magnetomiograma fMEG – magnetoencefalograma fetală MENG – magnetoenterograma OCTT – măsurarea tranzitului oroceacal fAERs – fetal auditory responses (Malmivuo Bioelectromagnetism)
69
RESEARCH LABORATRY – RADIOMETRIC EXPLORATION
70
Microwave radiometer Clock generator Noise reference generator
Homodine receiver
Low pass filter
Data procesor
Microwaves antenna
Tumora
Synchronous detector
Surface temperature sensor
71
Antenna radiometer
PC7 HEALTH-2007-2.4.1-4, FP7 201882 Electromagnetic equipment for cancer and tumour revealing and analysis “ELECTRA” 72
Radiometric and IR image of a meat sample
73
Infrared Thermography Laboratory
74
Microwave versus IR imaging of the human body
75
Non-invasive measurement of physiological parameters Doppler signal - respiration
Doppler signal – cardiac activity
Microwave Doppler transducer – horn antenna
76
Thorax map of Doppler signal
Micro strip microwave Doppler transducer
Microwave Doppler effect experiments 77
Books
78
Research projects weight
30
Research
25
Naval magnetometry
20
Terrestrial magnetometry
15
Eddy current detection
10 5 0
Magnetic detection Miscellaneous Biomedical
79
Intellectual and Industrial Property Protection 22 patents 5 TRADE MARKS: “CFT” - registered in ROMANIA “CFT” - registered in EUROPE “FECROMAG” - registered in ROMANIA “MULTIFLUX” - registered in ROMANIA “TERRAFLUX CONTROL” - registered in ROMANIA
80
Innovation starts here . . . . .
81
