Marine Ecology Progress Series 458:255

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3Present address: 266 Carters Mill Road, Elkton, Maryland 21921, USA ..... Delaware, MD - Maryland, VA - Virginia, NC - North Carolina, SC - South Carolina, ...
The following supplement accompanies the article

Species composition and geographic distribution of invertebrates in fouling communities along the east coast of the USA: a regional perspective Ronald H. Karlson1,3,*, Richard W. Osman2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, PO Box 28, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA

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Present address: 266 Carters Mill Road, Elkton, Maryland 21921, USA *Email: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 255–268 (2012)

Supplement. Two tables presenting additional systematic and distributional sources and the complete set of 1443 records in our survey, followed by the literature cited in these tables.

Table S1. Supplemental sources providing additional systematic (S) and distributional (D) information to that in Tables 1, 2, and S2. These sources also augment information provided by WORMS/OBIS/NAS. The current name and the date (yr-mm-dd) of entry or last change at the World Register of Marine Species (WORMS) is reported here. See Table S2 for more information regarding these fouling community species Current name Porifera Lissodendoryx carolinensis Wilson, 1911; 2009-04-06 Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882); 2005-07-10 Mycale fibrexilis (Wilson, 1894); 2007-07-20 Pione lampa (de Laubenfels, 1950); 2005-07-10 Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902); 2008-02-03 Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; 2006-07-25 Cnidaria Aiptasiogeton eruptaurantia (Field, 1949); 2008-01-16 Bougainvillia rugosa Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21 Clytia gracilis (Sars, 1850); 2004-12-21 Clytia linearis (Thorneley, 1900); 2004-12-21 Ectopleura dumortierii (Van Beneden, 1844); 2009-07-15 Ectopleura larynx (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16 Garveia cerulea (Clarke, 1882); 2009-06-10 Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859); 2004-12-21 Halecium mediterraneum Weismann, 1883; 2004-12-21 Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck, 1815); 2008-01-16 Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872; 2004-12-21 Obelia longicyatha Allman, 1877; 2008-01-16 Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Opercularella pumila Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21

Supplemental sources de Laubenfels 1949 (S) de Laubenfels 1949 (D) Smith 1964 (D) Freeman et al. 2007 (D) Rützler 1975 (D) Lindeman et al. 2009 (D) Wells 1969 (D) Wass 1972 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Wass 1972 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Calder 1990 (D) Calder 1975 (D) Wenner et al. 1983 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Calder 1990 (D) Cairns et al. 2002 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Fraser 1944 (D) Calder 1975 (D) Dean & Bellis 1975 (D) Calder 1975 (D) Calder 1990 (D) Calder 1971 (D) Wass 1972 (D) Calder 1990 (D) Bayer 1952 (D) Bayer 1954 (D) Kelmo & Vargas 2002 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Calder 1975 (D) Calder 1990 (D)

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Pachycordyle michaeli (Berrill, 1948); 2010-08-27 Palythoa mammillosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16 Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835); 2004-12-21 Sertularia argentea Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1857; 2004-12-21

Calder 1990 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Calder 1975 (D) Calder 1990 (D) Fraser 1944 (S) Fraser 1910 (D, S)

Annelida Branchiomma conspersum (Ehlers, 1887); 2011-01-11 Phragmatopoma lapidosa Kinberg, 1866; 2008-03-26 Potamilla neglecta (Sars, 1851); 2008-03-26 Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Terebella verrilli Holthe, 1986; 2008-03-26

Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston 2009 (D) Wass 1972 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D)

Arthropoda Amphibalanus subalbidus (Henry, 1974); 2010-10-22 Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789; 2004-12-21 Chthamalus stellatus (Poli, 1795); 2004-12-21 Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Conchoderma virgatum Spengler, 1789; 2010-10-22 Cymadusa compta (Smith, 1873); 2010-07-12 Lepas pectinata Spengler, 1793; 2004-12-21 Monocorophium cylindricum (Say, 1818); 2007-02-14

Zullo 1979 (D) Pitombo 2004 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Verrill & Smith 1874 (D, S) Sumner et al. 1911 (D) Verrill & Smith 1874 (S) Verrill & Smith 1874 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Verrill & Smith 1874 (D)

Mollusca Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786); 2009-01-22 Lunarca ovalis (Bruguière, 1789): 2009-10-06 Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2010-09-23

Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Wass 1972 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D)

Bryozoa Aetea sica (Couch, 1844); 2004-12-21 Aetea truncata (Landsborough, 1852); 2004-12-21 Aeverrillia armata (Verrill, 1873): 2010-03-22 Alcyonidium hauffi Marcus, 1939; 2010-04-27 Alcyonidium mamillatum Alder, 1857; 2004-12-21 Alcyonidium verrilli Osburn, 1912; 2010-03-22 Amathia dichotoma Verrill, 1873 Amathia distans Busk, 1886; 2004-12-21 Amphiblestrum auritum (Hincks, 1877); 2004-12-21 Amphiblestrum flemingii (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Bicellariella ciliata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2006-07-18 Biflustra arborescens (Canu & Bassler, 1928); 2007-06-04 Biflustra denticulata (Busk, 1856); 2009-10-06 Bowerbankia tertia new species Bugula flabellata (Thompson, in Gray 1848); 2010-11-30 Buskea dichotoma (Hincks, 1862); 2004-12-21 Callopora thaxterae new species Celleporella hyalina (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Cleidochasma affinis (Milne-Edwards, 1836); 2007-06-04 Conopeum chesapeakensis (Banta, Perez & Santagata, 1995)

Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Maturo 1957 (D) Ruppert & Fox 1988 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Maturo 1968 (D) Maturo 1957 (D) Maturo 1968 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Maturo 1968 (D) Winston 1982 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Hutchins 1945 (D) Winston 1977 (D) Maturo 1968 (D) Hutchins 1945 (D) Winston 2005 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston 2005 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Rogick & Croasdale 1949 (D) Maturo 1957 (D, S) Cadavid et al. 2007 (D, S) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Osburn 1932 (D) Maturo 1968 (D) Maturo 1968 (D) Winston 1982 (D) Banta et al. 1995 (S) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S)

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Cribrilina macropunctata Winston, Hayward & Craig 2000 Crisia osburni new species

Drepanophora tuberculata (Osburn, 1914); 2009-10-06 Electra crustulenta species group Escharella immersa (Fleming, 1828); 2004-12-21 Escharina pesanseris (Smitt, 1873); 1997-12-10 Hippopodina feegeensis(Busk, 1884); 2004-12-21 Hippoporina verrilli Maturo & Schopf, 1968; 2009-10-06 Microporella rogickae Winston, Hayward & Craig, 2000 Microporella ciliata species complex Parasmittina nitida (Verrill, 1875); 2009-10-06 Parellisina latirostris Osburn, 1940; 2009-10-06 Patinella verrucaria (Fabricius, 1780) Pentapora americana (Verrill, 1875) Phylactellipora aviculifera (Osburn, 1914); 2009-10-06 Pourtalesella incrassata (Canu & Bassler, 1928); 2009-10-06 Puellina radiata (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Rhynchozoon rostratum (Busk, 1856); 2010-04-27 Savignyella lafontii (Audouin, 1826); 2004-12-21 Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826); 2004-12-21 Smittina smittiella Osburn, 1947; 2009-10-06 Steganiporella magnilabris (Busk, 1854); 2009-10-06 Tegella unicornis (Fleming, 1828); 2004-12-21 Thalamoporella floridana Osburn, 1940; 2010-04-27 Tubulipora confracta new species Walkeria uva (Linnaeus, 1758); 2005-04-15 Watersipora subovoidea (d'Orbigny, 1852); 4-12-21 Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828); 2010-04-27

Chordata Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2007-12-05 Boltenia echinata (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902); 2009-07-20 Cnemidocarpa mollis (Stimpson, 1852); 2004-12-21 Didemnum conchyliatum (Sluiter, 1898); 2007-12-05 Distaplia bermudensis Van Name, 1902; 2004-12-21 Ecteinascidia minuta Berrill, 1932; 2007-12-05 Eudistoma capsulatum (Van Name, 1902); 2007-12-05 Lissoclinum fragile (Van Name, 1902); 2007-12-05 Molgula provisionalis Van Name, 1945; 2005-05-26 Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816; 2004-12-21 Polyclinum constellatum Savigny, 1816; 2003-07-28 Trididemnum savignii (Herdman, 1886); 2007-12-05

Maturo 1968 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Maturo 1968 (D) Winston 1995 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (S) Hutchins 1945 (D) Winston 1982 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (S) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Maturo & Schopf 1968 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Hutchins 1945 (D) Winston 1977 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Maturo 1968 (D) Maturo & Schopf 1968 (D, S) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston 2005 (S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Maturo 1968 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Winston 1982 (D, S) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Maturo 1968 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Hutchins 1945 (D) Winston 1977 (D) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Winston & Hayward 2012 (D, S) Winston 1982 (D, S) Maturo 1968 (D) Maturo & Schopf 1968 (S) Winston 1982 (D) Plough 1978 (D) Van Name 1945 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Van Name 1945 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Van Name 1945 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Van Name 1945 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Van Name 1945 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Van Name 1945 (D) Plough 1978 (D) Plough 1978 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D) Felder & Camp 2009 (D)

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Table S2. Fouling community invertebrates along the east coast of the USA recorded in the literature from 1874 to 2009. This is a complete list of all 1443 records of 317 species in our survey. The reported name is followed by the current name, date (yr-mmdd) of entry or last change at the World Register of Marine Species (WORMS), reported location, east coast range (given by state and based on WORMS, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System [OBIS], and selected references from the systematics literature), and source references in chronological order for each state. WORMS and OBIS are accessed at www.marinespecies.org and www.iobis.org, respectively. Distributional range information is not provided for multi-species complexes. Abbreviations are as follows: NE - New England, SNE- Southern New England, LIS - Long Island Sound, ME Maine, NH - New Hampshire, MA - Massachusetts, RI - Rhode Island, CT - Connecticut, NY - New York, NJ - New Jersey, DE Delaware, MD - Maryland, VA - Virginia, NC - North Carolina, SC - South Carolina, GE - Georgia, FL - Florida. Readers are encouraged to contact the authors regarding queries, comments, corrections, and future updates Reported name

Current name

Reported location

Range Sources

Phylum Porifera Aplysilla longispina Wilson Carmia fibrexilis (Wilson) Chalina oculata Pallas Chondrilla nucula Cliona cellata Grant Cliona celata Cliona celata Cliona lampa forma flavida Cliona lampa forma lampa Cliona viridis Grantia ciliata Fleming

Aplysilla longispina George & Wilson, 1919; 2010-01-13 Mycale fibrexilis (Wilson, 1894); 2007-07-20 Haliclona oculata (Pallas, 1766); 2008-01-14 Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862; 2004-12-21 Cliona celata Grant, 1826; 2010-02-26 Cliona celata Grant, 1826; 2010-02-26 Cliona celata Grant, 1826; 2010-02-26 Pione lampa (de Laubenfels, 1950); 2005-07-10 Pione lampa (de Laubenfels, 1950); 2005-07-10 Cliona viridis (Schmidt, 1862); 2008-20-04 Sycon ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780); 2007-01-14

NC MA ME-CT FL NC NC FL FL FL FL MA

NC MA-GE ME-FL FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL FL ME-MA

Halichondria bowerbanki Halichondria bowerbanki Halichondria bowerbanki

Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930; 2007-09-07 Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930; 2007-09-07 Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930; 2007-09-07

SNE-NY MA VA

ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Halichondria bowerbanki

Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930; 2007-09-07

NC

ME-FL

Halichondria bowerbanki Burton Halichondria bowerbanki (Burton) Halichondria panicea (Pallas) Halichondria panicea (Pallas) Halichondria panicea

Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930; 2007-09-07

NC

ME-FL

Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930; 2007-09-07

SC

ME-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009

Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766); 2010-03-18 Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766); 2010-03-18 Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766); 2010-03-18

SNE-NY ME NH

Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766); 2010-03-18 Haliclona canaliculata Hartman, 1958; 2008-05-31 Haliclona cinerea (Grant, 1826); 2008-06-02

MA NC NC

Chalinula loosanoffi (Hartman, 1958); 2007-11-26

NH

Haliclona loosanoffi Chalinula loosanoffi (Hartman, 1958); 2007-11-26 Haliclona loosanoffi Hartman Chalinula loosanoffi (Hartman, 1958); 2007-11-26

MA NC

Haliclona loosanoffi (Grant) Leucosolenia botryoides Bowerbank Leucosolenia botryoides Lissodendoryx carolinesis Lissodendoryx carolinensis Wilson Lissodendoryx isodictyalis Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter) Lissodendoryx isodictyalis Microciona prolifera Microciona prolifera

Chalinula loosanoffi (Hartman, 1958); 2007-11-26 Leucosolenia botryoides (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2006-10-15

SC MA

ME-FL Weiss 1995 ME-FL Tyrrell & Byers 2007 ME-FL Harris & Irons 1982, Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-FL Osman 1978 ME-NC Karlson 1975 ME-NC Karlson 1975, 1978, de Laubenfels 1949 ME-SC Harris & Irons 1982, Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-SC Osman 1978 ME-SC Karlson 1978, Wells, Wells & Gray 1964 ME-SC Crickenberger & Sotka 2009 ME-SC Verrill & Smith 1874

Leucosolenia botryoides (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2006-10-15 Lissodendoryx carolinensis Wilson, 1911; 2009-04-06 Lissodendoryx carolinensis Wilson, 1911; 2009-04-06

MA VA NC

ME-SC Agius 2007 VA-FL Sagasti et al. 2000 VA-FL McDougall 1943

Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882); 2005-07-10 Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882); 2005-07-10

SNE-NY NC

MA-FL Weiss 1995 MA-FL Wells et al. 1964

Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882); 2005-07-10 Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12 Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12

NC SNE and NY Northeastern USA NE-West Indies MA

MA-FL Karlson 1975 ME-FL Weiss 1995 ME-FL Pollock 1998

Halichondria panicea Haliclona canaliculata Haliclona permollis (Bowerbank) Haliclona loosanoffi

Microciona prolifera Verrill

Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12

Microciona prolifera

Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12

McDougall 1943 de Laubenfels 1949 Miner 1950 Cummings 1994 McDougall 1943 Karlson 1975 Cummings 1994 Cummings 1994 Cummings 1994 Cummings 1994 Verrill & Smith 1874, Sumner et al. 1913 Weiss 1995 Osman 1977, 1978 Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000 Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977, Karlson 1975, 1978 Wells, Wells & Gray 1964

ME-FL Miner 1950 ME-FL Miner 1913, Osman 1977, 1978

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Microciona prolifera Microciona prolifera Microciona prolifera

Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12 Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12 Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12

Microciona prolifera (Ellis & Solander) Microciona prolifera

Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12

Microciona prolifera Verrill

Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12

Mycale cecilia de Laubenfels Mycale cecilia

Mycale americana van Soest,1984; 2007-07-19 Mycale americana van Soest,1984; 2007-07-19

Mycale fibrexilis

Mycale fibrexilis (Wilson, 1894); 2007-07-20

Mycale fibrexilis Mycale fibrexilis (Wilson) Mycale microsigmatosa (Arndt) Prosuberites microsclerus de Laubenfels Reniera tubifera Wilson Stylotella heliophila Wilson Stylotella heliophila Wilson Xestospongia halichondroides (Wilson)

Mycale fibrexilis (Wilson, 1894); 2007-07-20 Mycale fibrexilis (Wilson, 1894); 2007-07-20 Mycale americana van Soest,1984; 2007-07-19

ME-FL Cory 1967 ME-FL Foster et al. 1994 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000 NC ME-FL Wells, Wells & Gray 1960, 1964 NC ME-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977 NC ME-FL McDougall 1943, Karlson 1975, 1978 NC NC-FL Wells et al. 1964 NC NC-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977 Northeastern MA-GE Pollock 1998 USA SNE-NY MA-GE Weiss 1995 MA MA-GE Hartman 1964 NC NC-FL Karlson 1975, 1978

Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; 2006-07-25

NC

VA-FL Karlson 1975, 1978

Haliclona tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919); 2008-05-31 Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910); 2007-08-29 Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910); 2007-08-29 Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902); 2008-02-03

NC NE-NC NC NC

NC-FL ME-FL ME-FL NC-FL

McDougall 1943 Miner 1950 McDougall 1943 Karlson 1975, 1978

Aiptasiogeton eruptaurantia (Field, 1949); 2008-01-16 Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869); 2009-12-22 Pachycordyle michaeli (Berrill, 1948); 2010-08-27 Pachycordyle michaeli (Berrill, 1948); 2010-08-27 Astrangia poculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2010-09-25 Astrangia poculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2010-09-25

NC VA VA VA MD NC

VA-FL MA-FL ME-VA ME-VA MA-FL MA-FL

Astrangia poculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2010-09-25 Astrangia poculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2010-09-25 Astrangia poculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2010-09-25 Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902); 2004-12-21 Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady, 1859); 2008-01-16 Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady, 1859); 2008-01-16

NC MA MA MD ME MA

MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady, 1859); 2008-01-16

MA

ME-FL

Karlson 1975, 1978 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Calder 1971 Foster et al. 1994 Sutherland 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977 McDougall 1943 Sumner et al. 1913 Osman 1978 Cory 1967 Fuller 1946 Nutting 1901, Fraser 1944 Sumner et al. 1913

Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady, 1859); 2008-01-16 Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady, 1859); 2008-01-16 Bougainvillia rugosa Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21 Bougainvillia rugosa Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21 Bougainvillia rugosa Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21 Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz, 1849); 2004-12-21 Bunodosoma granuliferum (Lesueur, 1817); 2008-01-16 Garveia cerulea (Clarke, 1882); 2009-06-10 Garveia cerulea (Clarke, 1882); 2009-06-10 Garveia cerulea (Clarke, 1882); 2009-06-10 Laomedea calceolifera (Hincks, 1871); 2004-12-21

SNE-NY NC VA VA NC MA FL MA MA VA MA-RI

ME-FL ME-FL MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL ME-FL FL ME-NC ME-NC ME-NC ME-FL

Weiss 1995 Karlson 1975 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Calder 1971 Fraser 1910 Osman 1977, 1978 Cummings 1994 Fraser 1944 Sumner et al. 1913 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Fraser 1944

Laomedea calceolifera (Hincks, 1871); 2004-12-21

MA

Laomedea calceolifera (Hincks, 1871); 2004-12-21 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21

MA MA

ME-FL Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-FL Grave 1933 ME-FL Nutting 1901

Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21

MA

ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913

Laomedea flexuosa Alder, 1857; 2004-12-21

ME/MA/CT ME-FL Fraser 1944

Laomedea flexuosa Alder, 1857; 2004-12-21

MA

Laomedea flexuosa Alder, 1857; 2004-12-21 Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

MA ME/MACT/NJ ME/MA

Phylum Cnidaria Aiptasia eruptaurantia Field Aiptasiamorpha luciae Aselomaris michaeli Aselomaris michaeli Berrill Astrangia poculata Astrangia astreiformis Astrangia danae Agassiz Astrangia danae Agassiz Astrangia danae Bimeria franciscana Bougainvillea carolinensis Bougainvillia carolinensis McCrady Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady) Bougainvillia carolinensis Bougainvillia carolinensis Bougainvillia rugosa Bougainvillia rugosa Clarke Bougainvillia rugosa Clarke Bougainvillia superciliaris Bunodosoma granuliferum Calyptospadix cerulea Calyptospadix cerulea Clarke Calyptospadix cerulea Campanularia calceolifera Hincks Campanularia calceolifera Hincks Campanularia calceolifera Campanularia edwardsi new species Campanularia edwardsi Nutting Campanularia flexuosa (Hincks) Campanularia flexuosa Hincks Campanularia flexuosa Campanularia gelatinosa (Pallas) Campanularia volubillis (Linnaeus)

Clathria prolifera (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2009-04-12

Campanularia volubilis (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

MD MD VA

ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874, Nutting 1901 ME-FL Grave 1933 ME-VA Fraser 1944 ME-NC Fraser 1944

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Clava leptostyla Agassiz Clava leptostyla Agassiz

Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775); 2009-11-12 Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775); 2009-11-12

Clytia bicophora Agassiz Clytia cylindrica Clytia cylindrica Agassiz Clytia cylindrica Agassiz Clytia edwardsi (Nutting) Clytia edwardsi Clytia edwardsi (Nutting) Clytia edwardsi Clytia fragilis Clytia johnstoni (Alder)

Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Clytia gracilis (Sars, 1850); 2004-12-21 Clytia gracilis (Sars, 1850); 2004-12-21 Clytia gracilis (Sars, 1850); 2004-12-21 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Clytia linearis (Thorneley, 1900); 2004-12-21 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21

Clytia johnstoni Clytia hemisphaerica Clytia laxa Clytia minuta (Nutting) Cordylophora caspia (Pallas) Cordylophora caspia Cordylophora lacustris Cuspidella humilis (Alder) Diadumene leucolena Diadumene leucolena

Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Clytia tottoni (Leloup, 1935); 2010-08-26 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771); 2004-12-21 Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771); 2004-12-21 Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771); 2004-12-21 Cuspidella humilis (Alder, 1862); 2004-12-21 Diadumene leucolena (Verrill, 1866); 2009-09-14 Diadumene leucolena (Verrill, 1866); 2009-09-14

Diadumene leucolena

Diadumene leucolena (Verrill, 1866); 2009-09-14

Diadumene lineata Dynamena cornicina McCrady Ectopleura dumortieri Ectopleura dumortieri Ectopleura dumortieri (van Beneden) Ectopleura indivisa Ectopleura larynx

Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869); 2009-12-22 Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802); 2004-12-21 Ectopleura dumortierii (Van Beneden, 1844); 2009-07-15 Ectopleura dumortierii (Van Beneden, 1844); 2009-07-15 Ectopleura dumortierii (Van Beneden, 1844); 2009-07-15

ME-MA Fraser 1944 ME-MA Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913 MA ME-FL Nutting 1901 VA ME-FL Sagasti et al. 2000 MA/CT/NC ME-FL Fraser 1944 NC ME-FL Fraser 1910 ME/MA ME-FL Fraser 1944 MA ME-FL Osman 1977 VA ME-FL Calder 1971 VA ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967 SC SC-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 ME/MA/CT/ ME-FL Fraser 1944 SC-FL MA ME-FL Osman 1977 NC ME-FL Dean & Bellis 1975 FL FL Nelson et al. 1994 MA-RI ME-FL Fraser 1944 VA ME-FL Calder 1971 NC ME-FL Dean & Bellis 1975 MD ME-FL Cory 1967 NC ME-FL Fraser 1910, 1944 MA ME-NC Osman 1977, 1978 VA ME-NC Calder & Brehmer 1967, Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001, Jewett et al. 2005 NC ME-NC Dean & Bellis 1975, Karlson 1975, Sutherland 1981 VA MA-FL Jewett et al. 2005 VA ME-FL Calder 1971 MA MA-FL Osman 1977, 1978 VA MA-FL Sagasti et al. 2000 VA MA-FL Calder 1971

Tubularia indivisa Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Ectopleura larynx (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16

NH NH

Edwardsiella lineata Eudendrium album Nutting Eudendrium album Nutting

Edwardsiella lineata (Verrill in Baird 1873); 2009-09-14 Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898; 2004-12-21 Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898; 2004-12-21

Eudendrium album Nutting Eudendrium album Nutting Eudendrium album Nutting Eudendrium capillare Alder Eudendrium carneum Eudendrium carneum Clarke

Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898; 2004-12-21 Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898; 2004-12-21 Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898; 2004-12-21 Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856; 2010-03-26 Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21 Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21

Eudendrium carneum Clarke Eudendrium carneum

Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21 Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21

Eudendrium carneum Clarke

Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882; 2004-12-21

Eudendrium ramosum

Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

Eudendrium ramosum Linnaeus Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus) Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus) Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus) Eudendrium rameum (Pallas) Eudendrium tenue Agassiz Eudendrium tenue A. Agassiz Eudendrium tenue Favia fragum

Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

ME-VA Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-NJ Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 MA MA-NC Osman 1978 Canada-FL ME-FL Miner 1950 MA ME-FL Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913, Smith 1964 MA/NC ME-FL Fraser 1944 VA ME-FL Calder 1971 NC ME-FL Fraser 1910 ME/NC ME-FL Fraser 1944 MA ME-FL Hargitt 1908 MA ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913, Smith 1964 MA/VA-NC ME-FL Fraser 1944 NC ME-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977, Walters 1992, Holm et al. 1997 NC ME-FL Fraser 1910, McDougall 1943, Karlson 1975, 1978 MA ME-FL Hargitt 1908, Osman 1977 MA ME-FL Smith 1964

Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

MA

Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Eudendrium rameum (Pallas, 1766); 2010-03-26 Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856; 2010-03-26 Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856; 2010-03-26 Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856; 2010-03-26 Favia fragum (Esper); 2008-01-16

ME MA

ME-FL Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913 Canada/ME/ ME-FL Fraser 1944 MA/NC NC ME-FL McDougall 1943, Fraser 1910 Canada/ME ME Fraser 1944 MA ME-FL Smith 1964 MA ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913 MA ME-FL Osman 1977 FL FL Nelson et al. 1994

6

Filellum expansum Garveia cerulea (Clarke) Garveia cerulea Garveia franciscana Garveia franciscana Gonothyrea gracilis (Sars) Gonothyrea loveni Gonothyraea loveni (Allman) Gonothyraea loveni (Allman) Gonothyraea loveni (Allman) Gonothyraea loveni Halecium gracile Verrill Halecium gracile Verrill Halecium macrocephalum Allman Haliplanella luciae (Verrill) Haliplanella luciae Haliplanella luciae Haliplanella luciae Haliplanella luciae Halocordyle disticha (Goldfuss) Halocordyle disticha Halopteris tenella Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas) Hydractinia echinata Hydractinia echinata Fleming

Dean & Bellis 1975

VA NC MD VA NC MA MA ME/MA-CT VA VA MA MA/CT MD

ME-NC ME-NC ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-SC ME-SC ME-SC ME-SC ME-SC MA-VA MA-VA NC-FL

Calder 1971 Dean & Bellis 1975 Smedes & Hurd 1981 Calder 1971 Fraser 1910 Grave 1933 Smith 1964 Fraser 1944 Calder 1971 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Verrill & Smith 1874 Nutting 1901 Fraser 1944

Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869); 2009-12-22 Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869); 2009-12-22 Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869); 2009-12-22 Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869); 2009-12-22 Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869); 2009-12-22 Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21

MA MA NJ MD VA VA

MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL ME-FL

Hand 1964 Osman 1978 Peterson 1979 Smedes & Hurd 1981 Sagasti et al. 2000 Calder 1971

Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21 Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05 Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

SC VA VA

ME-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 ME-FL Jewett et al. 2005 ME-VA Calder 1971

Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828); 2010-05-14 Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828); 2010-05-14

Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828); 2010-05-14 Hydractinia sp.

SNE-NY ME-CT Weiss 1995 Canada/Gulf ME-CT Fraser 1944 of ME/MA/ VA-SC MA ME-CT Hargitt 1908, Sumner et al. 1913 MA ME-CT Osman 1978 VA VA-FL Calder 1971

Hydractinia sp. Hydractinia sp.

VA NC

Hydractinia echinata Fleming Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828); 2010-05-14 Hydractinia echinata Hydractinia echinata (Fleming) Hydractinia echinata Hydractinia echinata

NC

probably a protozoan (Calder, personal comm.); see Vervoort & Watson 2003 Garveia cerulea (Clarke, 1882); 2009-06-10 Garveia cerulea (Clarke, 1882); 2009-06-10 Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902); 2004-12-21 Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902); 2004-12-21 Clytia gracilis (Sars, 1850); 2004-12-21 Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859); 2004-12-21 Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859); 2004-12-21 Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859); 2004-12-21 Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859); 2004-12-21 Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859); 2004-12-21 Halecium mediterraneum Weismann, 1883; 2004-12-21 Halecium mediterraneum Weismann, 1883; 2004-12-21 Halecium macrocephalum Allman, 1877; 2008-01-16

Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck, 1815); 2008-01-16 Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck, 1815); 2008-01-16 Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872; 2004-12-21

VA-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967 VA-FL Sutherland, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977 NC VA-FL McDougall 1943, Karlson 1975, 1978 MA ME-CT Nutting 1901 Northeastern ME-FL Pollock 1998 USA NC NY-FL McDougall 1943 NC NY-FL Leversee 1976 FL FL Weiss 1948

Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872; 2004-12-21 Metridium dianthus; 2005-05-25; authority is (Ellis, 1768) Metridium dianthus; 2005-05-25; authority is (Ellis, 1768) Metridium dianthus; 2005-05-25; authority is (Ellis, 1768) Metridium marginatum; 2005-05-25

FL Canada-MA MA ME MA

FL ME-MA ME-MA ME-MA ME-VA

Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761); 2009-09-01 Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761); 2009-09-01

NH NH

ME-MD ME-MD

Metridium senile

Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761); 2009-09-01

MA

ME-MD

Metridium senile Millepora alcicornis Moerisia lyonsi (Boulenger, 1908) Obelia articulata Obelia bicuspidata Clarke

Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761); 2009-09-01 Millepora alcicornis Linnaeus, 1758; 2008-01-16 Moerisia lyonsi Boulenger, 1908; 2004-12-21

SNE-NY FL MD

ME-MD FL MD-SC

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21

ME-FL Fuller 1946 ME-FL Fraser 1944

Obelia bicuspidata Clarke Obelia bicuspidata Clarke Obelia bicuspidata

Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21 Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21 Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21

ME ME/MA/CT/ NC/FL MA VA VA

Obelia bicuspidata Clarke Obelia bidentata Clark

Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21 Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21

NC RI

Hydractinia echinata Fleming Hydractinia sp. Hydractinia polyclina Agassiz Hydractinia polyclina L. Agassiz, 1862; 2010-05-14 Laomedea calceolifera Laomedea calceolifera (Hincks, 1871); 2004-12-21 Leptogorgia vingulata E. & H. Leptogorgia virgulata Lytocarpus philippinus (Kirchenpauer) Lytocarpus philippinus Metridium dianthus (Ellis) Metridium dianthus (Ellis) Metridium dianthus Metridium marginatum MilneEdwards Metridium senelis Metridium senile

Cummings 1994 Miner 1950 Sumner et al. 1913 Fuller 1946 Verrill & Smith 1874, Miner 1913 Dijkstra & Harris 2009 Harris & Irons 1982, Dijkstra et al. 2007, Greene & Grizzle 2007 Osman 1977, 1978, Agius 2007 Weiss 1995 Cummings 1994 Ma & Purcell 2005a,b

ME-FL Smith 1964 ME-FL Calder 1971 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001 ME-FL Fraser 1910 ME-FL Nutting 1901

7

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

ME/MA-CT/ ME-FL Fraser 1944 NJ/SC MA ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

MA

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

MA

Obelia commissuralis McCrady Obelia commissuralis

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

VA

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

VA

Obelia commissuralis Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus)

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

Obelia dichotoma Obelia dichotoma Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus) Obelia dichotoma Obelia dichotoma Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus) Obelia flabellata Hincks Obelia flabellata (Hincks) Obelia gelatinosa Hincks Obelia gelatinosa (Pallas) Obelia gelatinosa (Pallas) Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus)

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

Obelia geniculata Obelia geniculata Allman Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus)

Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

Obelia geniculata Obelia hyalina Clarke

Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia hyalina Clarke, 1879; 2009-10-06

Obelia hyalina Clarke Obelia hyalina Obelia longicyatha Allman Obelia longicyatha Obelia longissima Pallas Obelia oxydentata Stechow Obelia pyriformis Verrill Obelia pyriformis (A. Agassiz) Opercularella lacerata (Johnston) Opercularella lacerata Hincks Opercularella pumila Clark Opercularella pumila Clark Opercularella pumila Palythoa mammillosa Parypha crocea Agassiz Pennaria tiarella (Ayres)

Obelia hyalina Clarke, 1879; 2009-10-06 Obelia hyalina Clarke, 1879; 2009-10-06 Obelia longicyatha Allman, 1877; 2008-01-16 Obelia longicyatha Allman, 1877; 2008-01-16 Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1776); 2004-12-21 Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Opercularella lacerata (Johnston, 1847); 2004-12-21

Pennaria tiarella McCrady

Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21

Pennaria tiarella McCready Pennaria tiarella McCrady

Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21 Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21

CT Canada to FL ME/MA/NY MA FL MA Gulf of ME/ MA/ NJ/NC/ SC/FL ME-West Indies MA MA

Pennaria tiarella Pennaria tiarella Pennaria tiarella

Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21 Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21 Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21

MA VA NC

Pennaria tiarella McCrady Pennaria tiarella (Ayres)

Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21 Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21

NC NC

Pennaria tiarella (Ayres) Plumularia diaphana (Heller) Sargatia leucolena Verrill Sargatia leucolena Sargatia leucolena

Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21 Sertularella diaphana (Allman, 1885); 2008-01-16 Diadumene leucolena (Verrill, 1866); 2009-09-18 Diadumene leucolena (Verrill, 1866); 2009-09-18 Diadumene leucolena (Verrill, 1866); 2009-09-18

FL FL MA MA MD

Obelia commissuralis McCrady Obelia commissuralis McCready Obelia commissuralis McCrady Obelia commissuralis

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

Opercularella lacerata (Johnston, 1847); 2004-12-21 Opercularella pumila Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21 Opercularella pumila Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21 Opercularella pumila Clark, 1875; 2004-12-21 Palythoa mammillosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16 Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Pennaria disticha (Goldfuss, 1820); 2004-12-21

ME-FL Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-FL Grave 1933, Osman 1978 ME-FL Calder 1971

ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982 NC ME-FL McDougall 1943 ME/MA-CT/ ME-FL Fraser 1944 NC/SC ME ME-FL Fuller 1946 VA ME-FL Jewett et al. 2005 VA ME-FL Calder 1971 NC ME-FL Walters 1992 SC ME-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 FL ME-FL Weiss 1948 MA ME-VA Verrill & Smith 1874 MA ME-VA Sumner et al. 1913 MA ME-VA Verrill & Smith 1874 MA-SC ME-VA Miner 1950 MA ME-VA Nutting 1901 ME/MA-CT/ ME-FL Fraser 1944 MD/NC-SC SNE-NY ME-FL Weiss 1995 MA ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 MA ME-FL Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913, Smith 1964 MA ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978 MA/NJ/VA- MA-FL Fraser 1944 NC/GE-FL NC MA-FL Fraser 1910 FL MA-FL Nelson et al. 1994 VA ME-FL Calder 1971 VA ME-FL Otsuka & Dauer 1982 NY ME-VA Judge & Craig 1997 FL ME-FL Weiss 1948 MA ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 MA ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913 ME/MA/CT ME-CT Fraser 1944 ME-CT ME-VA ME-VA ME-VA NC-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Nutting 1901 Miner 1950 Fraser 1944 Osman 1977, 1978 Cummings 1994 Verrill & Smith 1874 Fraser 1944

ME-FL Miner 1950 ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-FL Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-FL Osman 1978 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967 ME-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977, Holm et al. 1997 ME-FL Fraser 1910 ME-FL McDougall 1943, Karlson 1975, 1978 ME-FL Weiss 1948 FL Weiss 1948 ME-NC Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-NC Miner 1913 ME-NC Cory 1967

8

Sarsia tubulosa Sarsia tubulosum/tubulosa Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars) Schizotricha tenella (Verrill) Schizotricha tenella

Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835); 2004-12-21 Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835); 2004-12-21 Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835); 2004-12-21 Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05 Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05

Schizotricha tenella Schizotricha tenella (Verrill)

Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05 Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05

MA MA VA MA/CT/NC Northeastern USA SNE-NY MA

Schizotricha tenella (Verrill) Schizotricha tenella

Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05 Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05

VA VA

Schizotricha tenella (Verrill) Sertularia argentea

Halopteris tenella (Verrill,1874); 2008-09-05 Sertularia argentea Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21

NC VA

Sertularia cupressina (=Thuiaria argentea) Sertularia pumila Linné Sertularella rugosa Linneaus Siderastrea radians Syncoryne mirabilis Agassiz Thyroscypha marginatus Tubilaria larynx Tubularia couthouyi Agassiz Tubularia cristata McCrady Tubularia crocea (Agassiz)

Sertularia argentea Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21

SNE-NY

Dynamena pumila (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Sertularella rugosa (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Siderastrea radians Pallas; 2008-01-16 Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835); 2004-12-21 Thyroscyphus marginatus (Allman, 1877); 2009-08-14 Ectopleura larynx (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16 Tubularia couthouyi Agassiz, 1862; 2008-01-06 Ectopleura dumortierii (Van Beneden, 1844); 2009-07-15 Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07

ME-NC ME-SC FL ME-VA NC-FL ME-NJ ME-MA MA-FL ME-FL

Verrill & Smith 1874 Nutting 1901 Cummings 1994 Sumner et al. 1913 Cummings 1994 Osman 1977 Sumner et al. 1913 Fraser 1944 Fraser 1944

Tubularia crocea Tubularia crocea Tubularia crocea (Agassiz) Tubularia crocea (L. Agassiz) Tubularia crocea (Agassiz)

Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07

MA MA FL MA FL MA MA NC-SC/FL ME/MA-CT/ FL SNE-NY ME ME ME MA

ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Tubularia crocea Tubularia crocea

Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07

MA MD

ME-FL ME-FL

Tubularia crocea (L. Agassiz) Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Tubularia crocea Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07

VA NC

ME-FL ME-FL

Tubularia crocea (Agassiz)

Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07

NC

ME-FL

Tubularia crocea Tubularia larynx Tubularia larynx Ellis & Solander Tubularia larynx Tubularia spectabilis (Agassiz) Turritopsis nutricula McCrady Turritopsis nutricula Zanclea costata Zanclea gemmosa

Ectopleura crocea (Agassiz, 1862); 2009-07-07 Ectopleura larynx (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16 Ectopleura larynx (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16

SC SNE-NY MA

ME-FL ME-NJ ME-NJ

Weiss 1995 Fuller 1946 Field 1982 Tyrrell & Byers 2007 Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913, Smith 1964 Miner 1913 Dean & Hurd 1980, Dean 1981, Smedes & Hurd 1981 Calder 1971 Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977, Holm et al. 1997 McDougall 1943, Karlson 1975, 1978 Crickenberger & Sotka 2009 Weiss 1995 Smith 1964

Ectopleura larynx (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16 Ectopleura larynx (Ellis & Solander, 1786); 2008-01-16 Turritopsis nutricula McCrady, 1857; 2004-12-21 Turritopsis nutricula McCrady, 1857; 2004-12-21 Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1857; 2004-12-21 Zanclea gemmosa McCrady, 1859; 2010-03-15

MA ME/MA-RI NC SC MA MA

ME-NJ ME-NJ MA-FL MA-FL ME-FL MA

Osman 1978, Grosberg 1981 Fraser 1944 Fraser 1910 Van Dolah et al. 1988 Osman 1978 Osman 1977, 1978

Amphitrite attenuata Moore, 1906; 2008-03-26 Amphitrite ornata (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Amphitrite ornata (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Amphitrite ornata (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Branchiomma nigromaculata (Baird, 1865); 2010-10-05

MA MA MD SC FL

MA ME-GE ME-GE ME-GE FL

Branchiomma conspersum (Ehlers, 1887); 2011-01-11 Parasabella microphthalma (Verrill, 1873); 2010-10-09 Parasabella microphthalma (Verrill, 1873); 2010-10-09

FL VA SC

Sumner et al. 1913 Sumner et al. 1913 Foster et al. 1994 Crickenberger & Sotka 2009 Mook 1976, 1980, 1983, Cummings 1994 FL Weiss 1948 MA-FL Jewett et al. 2005 MA-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009

Hypereteone heteropoda (Hartman, 1951); 2008-03-26 Hypereteone heteropoda (Hartman, 1951); 2008-03-26 Fabricia sabella (Ehrenberg, 1836); 2008-03-26 Fabricia stellaris (Müller, 1774); 2008-03-26 Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923); 2008-11-04

MD VA MA MA VA

ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-MA VA-FL

Phylum Annelida Amphitrite attenuata Moore Amphitrite ornata (Leidy) Amphitrite ornata Amphitrite ornata (Verrill) Branchiomma nigromaculata Dasychone conspersa Ehlers Demonax microphthalma Demonax microphthalmus (Verrill) Eteone heteropoda Eteone heteropoda Fabricia sabella Fabricia stellaris Blainville Ficopomatus enigmaticus

ME-VA ME-VA ME-VA ME-FL ME-FL

Osman 1978 Osman 1977 Calder 1971 Fraser 1944 Pollock 1998

ME-FL Weiss 1995 ME-FL Nutting 1901, Sumner et al. 1913, Smith 1964 ME-FL Calder 1971 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Sagasti et al. 2000 ME-FL Fraser 1910 ME-NC Calder & Brehmer 1967, Sagasti et al. 2000 ME-NC Weiss 1995

Cory 1967 Sagasti et al. 2000 Osman 1977, 1978 Sumner et al. 1913 Jewett et al. 2005

9

Hydroides dianthus

Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04

MA

Hydroides dianthus Verrill Hydroides dianthus Verrill Hydroides dianthus Hydroides dianthus (Verrill) Hydroides dianthus Hydroides dianthus

Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04

MA MA-FL MA/CT MA/CT NJ MD

Hydroides dianthus

Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04

VA

Hydroides dianthus

Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04

NC

Hydroides dianthus Hydroides hexagona Hydroides hexagonis Hydroides hexagonus Bose Hydroides parvus Treadwell Lepraea rubra Verrill Lepraea rubra (Verrill) Myxicola infundibulum Nicolea simplex Verrill

Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Hydroides parvus (Treadwell, 1902); 2009-01-25 Terebella verrilli Holthe, 1986; 2008-03-26 Terebella verrilli Holthe, 1986; 2008-03-26 Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808); 2008-03-26 Nicolea zostericola Örsted, 1844; 2008-03-26

FL VA MA NC FL MA MA MA MA

Nicolea venustula Parasabella microphthalmia (Verrill) Phragmatopoma lapidosa Podarkeopsis levifuscana Polycirrus eximius Verrill Polycirrus eximus Polycirrus eximius (Leidy) Polycirrus phosphoreus Polydora ciliata Polydora colonia Moore Polydora cornuta Polydora ligni Potamilla neglecta Potamilla oculifera Verrill Potamilla reniformis Protula tubularia Sabella microphthalma Verrill Sabella microphthalma Sabella microphthalma

Nicolea venustula (Montagu, 1818); 2008-03-26 Parasabella microphthalma (Verrill, 1873); 2010-10-09

MA MA

ME-FL Miner 1913, Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a, Agius 2007 ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913 ME-FL Miner 1950 ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b ME-FL Peterson 1979 ME-FL Dean & Hurd 1980, Dean 1981, Smedes & Hurd 1981 ME-FL Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001, Jewett et al. 2005 ME-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, Sutherland & Karlson 1977, Karlson 1975, Walters 1992, Holm et al. 1997 ME-FL Nelson et al. 1994 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967 ME-FL Grave 1933 ME-FL McDougall 1943 FL Weiss 1948 MA-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 MA-FL Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NJ Osman 1978 ME-NC Verrill & Smith 1874, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NC Osman 1977, 1978 MA-FL Sumner et al. 1913

Phragmatopoma lapidosa Kinberg, 1866; 2008-03-26 Podarkeopsis levifuscina Perkins, 1984; 2008-03-26 Polycirrus eximius (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Polycirrus eximius (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Polycirrus eximius (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Polycirrus phosphoreus Verrill, 1880; 2008-03-26 Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838); 2008-03-26 Polydora colonia Moore, 1907: 2008-03-26 Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802; 2008-03-26 Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802; 2008-03-26 Potamilla neglecta (Sars, 1851); 2008-03-26 Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy, 1855); 2008-03-26 Potamilla reniformis (Bruguière, 1789); 2008-03-26 Protula tubularia (Montagu, 1803); 2008-11-04 Parasabella microphthalma (Verrill, 1873); 2010-10-09 Parasabella microphthalma (Verrill, 1873); 2010-10-09 Parasabella microphthalma (Verrill, 1873); 2010-10-09

FL VA MA MA MA MA ME MA VA MD MA MA MA MA MA MA VA

FL MA-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-DE ME-FL MA-SC ME-FL ME-FL ME-VA ME-FL ME-FL ME-SC MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL

Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill Sabellaria vulgaris Sabellaria vulgaris

Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill, 1873; 2008-03-26 Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill, 1873; 2008-03-26 Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill, 1873; 2008-03-26

MA MA MD

ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Sabellaria vulgaris

Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill, 1873; 2008-03-26

VA

ME-FL

Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill Serpula dianthus Verrill Spirorbis borealis Daudin Spirorbis borealis

Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill, 1873; 2008-03-26 Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873); 2008-11-04 Spirorbis borealis Daudin, 1800; 2008-03-26 Spirorbis borealis Daudin, 1800; 2008-03-26

NC MA MA MA

ME-FL ME-FL ME-NY ME-NY

Spirorbis pagenstecheri

Janua pagenstecheri (de Quatrefages, 1865); 2008-03-26

MA

MA

Spirorbis spirillum Linnaeus Spirorbis spirorbis Spirorbis violaceus

Spirorbis spirillum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2008-03-26 Spirorbis spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758); 2008-03-26 Paradexiospira violaceus (Levinsen, 1883); 2008-03-26

ME ME MA

ME-FL ME-MA ME-MA

Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854); 2009-10-06

SC

MA-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009

Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

SC

ME-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009

Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

SC

MA-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009

Phylum Arthropoda Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin) Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould) Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin)

Cummings 1994 Sagasti et al. 2000 Verrill & Smith 1874 Osman 1978 Sumner et al. 1913 Osman 1978 Fuller 1946 Sumner et al. 1913 Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001 Cory 1967 Osman 1978 Verrill & Smith 1874 Osman 1978 Osman 1978 Verrill & Smith 1874 Osman 1977, 1978 Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000 Verrill & Smith 1874 Osman 1977, 1978 Smedes & Hurd 1981, Foster et al. 1994 Calder & Brehmer 1967, Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001 McDougall 1943 Verrill & Smith 1874 Verrill & Smith 1874 Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981 Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981 Field 1982 Fuller 1946 Osman 1978

10

Amphithoe longimana Balanus amphitrite Balanus amphitrite Darwin Balanus amphitrite

Ampithoe longimana Smith, 1873; 2005-05-07 Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22 Balanus amphitrite complex

MD MA MA/CT NC

Balanus amphitrite Darwin Balanus amphitrite niveus

Balanus amphitrite complex Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

MA MA

Balanus amphitrite niveus Darwin Balanus amphitrite niveus Darwin Balanus amphitrite niveus Balanus amphitrite

Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

NC

Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

FL

Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22 Balanus amphitrite complex

FL FL

Balanus amphitrite Darwin Balanus balanoides Balanus balanoides Balanus balanoides Stimpson Balanus balanoides (Linnaeus) Balanus balanoides

Balanus amphitrite complex Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

FL ME NH MA MA MA

Balanus balanoides Balanus crenatus Balanus crenatus Bruguière Balanus crenatus Bruguière Balanus crenatus Balanus eburneus Balanus eberneus

Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789; 2004-12-21 Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789; 2004-12-21 Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789; 2004-12-21 Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789; 2004-12-21 Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

NJ ME ME-FL MA MA NH MA

Balanus eburneus Gould

Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

MA

Balanus eburneus Gould Balanus eburneus Gould Balanus eburneus Balanus eburneus Balanus eburneus

Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

MA/CT NY NJ MD VA

Balanus eburneus

Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

NC

Balanus eburneus Gould

Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

NC

Balanus eburneus

Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

FL

Balanus eburneus Gould

Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841); 2010-10-22

FL

Balanus improvisus

Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

MD

Balanus improvisus Balanus improvisus

Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

MD VA

Balanus improvisus

Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

NC

Balanus improvisus Darwin

Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

NC

ME-FL Cory 1967 MA-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995a MA-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b Sutherland 1978, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977, Walters 1992, Holm et al. 1997 Sumner et al. 1913 MA-FL Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981 MA-FL McDougall 1943, Dean & Bellis 1975 MA-FL Weiss 1948 MA-FL Smith 1946 Smith et al. 1950, Mook 1976, 1980, 1983, McPherson et al. 1984, Cummings 1994, Nelson et al. 1994 Richards & Clapp 1944 ME-NJ Fuller 1946 ME-NJ Harris & Irons 1982 ME-NJ Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-NJ Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NJ Grave 1933, Osman 1977, 1978 ME-NJ Peterson 1979 ME-FL Fuller 1946 ME-FL Miner 1950 ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-FL Osman 1978 ME-FL Harris & Irons 1982 ME-FL Grave 1933, Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a, Agius 2007 ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874, Sumner et al. 1913, Parker 1924 ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b ME-FL Judge & Craig 1997 ME-FL Peterson 1979 ME-FL Cory 1967 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000, Jewett et al. 2005 ME-FL Sutherland 1978, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977, Holm et al. 1997 ME-FL McDougall 1943, Dean & Bellis 1975 ME-FL Pomerat & Reiner 1942, Mook 1976, 1980, 1981b, 1983, McPherson et al. 1984 ME-FL Richards & Clapp 1944, Weiss 1948 ME-FL Dean & Hurd 1980, Dean 1981, Smedes & Hurd 1981 ME-FL Cory 1967 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001, Jewett et al. 2005 ME-FL Sutherland 1978, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977 ME-FL McDougall 1943,

11

Dean & Bellis 1975 ME-FL Smith et al. 1950, Mook 1976, McPherson et al. 1984 ME-FL Richards & Clapp 1944, Weiss 1948 FL McPherson et al. 1984 MA-FL Dean & Bellis 1975 MA-FL McPherson et al. 1984 MA-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 MA-FL Sumner et al. 1913

Balanus improvisus

Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

FL

Balanus improvisus Darwin

Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22

FL

Balanus reticulatus Balanus subalbidus Balanus subalbidus Balanus tintinnabulum Linné Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) Balanus tintinnabulum

Amphibalanus reticulatus (Utinomi, 1967); 2009-10-06 Amphibalanus subalbidus (Henry, 1974); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus subalbidus (Henry, 1974); 2010-10-22 Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

FL NC FL MA MA

Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

NC

Balanus trigonus Balanus trigonus (Darwin) Balanus trigonus Balanus trigonus

Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854; 2004-12-21 Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854; 2004-12-21 Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854; 2004-12-21 Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854; 2004-12-21

NC SC SC FL

Balanus venustus Balanus venustus Chthamalus fragilis Darwin Chthamalus fragilis Darwin Chthamalus fragilis Chthamalus stellatus (Poli) Chthamalus stellata Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus) Conchoderma aurita Olfers Conchoderma virgata Olfers Conchoderma virgatum (Spengler) Conchoderma virgatum (Spengler) Corophium ascherusicum Costa Corophium ascherusicum (Costa) Corophium cylindricum Smith Corophium lacustre Corophium lacustre Corophium lacustre Cymadusa compta Lepas anatifera Linné Lepas anatifera Linnaeus Lepas anatifera Leach Lepas anatifera Lepas anserifera Linné Lepas hilli (Leach) Lepas pectinata Spengler Megabalanus antillensis

Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22 Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854); 2010-10-22 Chthamalus fragilis; 2005-05-24 Chthamalus fragilis; 2005-05-24 Chthamalus fragilis; 2005-05-24 Chthamalus stellatus (Poli, 1795); 2004-12-21 Chthamalus stellatus (Poli, 1795); 2004-12-21 Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

SC FL NC FL FL MA FL MA

MA-FL Sutherland 1978, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977 NC-FL Williams et al. 1984 NC-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009 NC-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 NC-FL Mook 1976, 1980, 1983, Nelson et al. 1994 MA-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 MA-FL Nelson et al. 1994 MA-FL McDougall 1943 MA-FL Weiss 1948 MA-FL McPherson et al. 1984 MA-FL Sumner et al. 1913 MA-FL Smith et al. 1950 ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913

Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Conchoderma virgatum Spengler, 1789; 2010-10-22 Conchoderma virgatum Spengler, 1789; 2010-10-22

MA MA MA

ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913

Conchoderma virgatum Spengler, 1789; 2010-10-22

FL

ME-FL Weiss 1948

Monocorophium ascherusicum (Costa, 1857); 2009-11-20

ME

ME-FL Field 1982

Monocorophium ascherusicum (Costa, 1857); 2009-11-20

NC

ME-FL Karlson 1975, 1978

Monocorophium cylindricum (Say, 1818); 2007-02-14 Apocorophium lacustre (Vanhöffen, 1911); 2005-03-24 Apocorophium lacustre (Vanhöffen, 1911); 2005-03-24 Apocorophium lacustre (Vanhöffen, 1911); 2005-03-24 Cymadusa compta (Smith, 1873); 2010-07-12 Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Lepas anserifera Linnaeus, 1767; 2004-12-21 Lepas hilli Leach, 1818; 2004-12-21 Lepas pectinata Spengler, 1793; 2004-12-21 Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

MA MD NC FL MD MA MA FL FL MA MA MA FL

MA-NJ ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL MA MA-FL MA-FL

Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Tetraclita squamosa Darwin; 1998-07-10

MA MA/CT NY FL

Verrill & Smith 1874 Cory 1967 Dean & Bellis 1975 Mook 1981b, 1983 Cory 1967 Verrill & Smith 1874 Sumner et al. 1913 Weiss 1948 Smith et al. 1950 Verrill & Smith 1874 Sumner et al. 1913 Verrill & Smith 1874 McPherson et al. 1984, Cummings 1994 ME-NJ Osman & Whitlatch 1995a ME-NJ Osman & Whitlatch 1995b ME-NJ Franz 1989 FL Weiss 1948

Tetraclita squamosa Darwin; 1998-07-10 Tetraclita stylactifera (Lamarck, 1818); 2009-10-06

FL FL

FL FL

Phylum Mollusca Anadara ovalis Anadara transversa Anadara transversa Anomia glabra Verrill Anomia simplex Orbigny Anomia simplex Anomia simplex

Lunarca ovalis (Bruguière, 1789): 2009-10-06 Anadara transversa (Say, 1822); 2005-05-19 Anadara transversa (Say, 1822); 2005-05-19 Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31 Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31 Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31 Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31

FL VA FL MA ME ME NH

VA-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Anomia simplex Orbigny Anomia simplex Anomia simplex D'Orbigny

Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31 Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31 Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31

MA VA NC

Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides (L.) Semibalanus balanoides (L.) Tetraclita squamosa floridana Pilsbry Tetraclita squamosa Tetraclita stylactifera

Smith et al. 1950 McPherson et al. 1984

Nelson et al. 1994 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Nelson et al. 1994 Verrill & Smith 1874 Field 1982 Fuller 1946 Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-FL Hunter & Brown 1964 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967 ME-FL McDougall 1943

12

Anomia simplex D'Orbigny

Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31

FL

Anomia simplex Brachidontes exustus (Linnaeus) Brachidontes exustus Brachidontes recurvus Brachidontes recurvus Brachidontes recurvus Chama macerophylla Congeria leucopheata Corbula barattiana Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica

Anomia simplex D'Orbigny, 1853; 2010-03-31 Brachidontes exustus (Linnaeus, 1758); 2009-06-03

FL SC

ME-FL Richards & Clapp 1944, Weiss 1948 ME-FL Nelson et al. 1994 NC-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009

Brachidontes exustus (Linnaeus, 1758); 2009-06-03 Ischadium recurvum (Rafinesque, 1820); 2005-05-20 Ischadium recurvum (Rafinesque, 1820); 2005-05-20 Ischadium recurvum (Rafinesque, 1820); 2005-05-20 Chama macerophylla Gmelin, 1791; 2009-06-03 Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831); 2005-05-20 Corbula barattiana C.B. Adams, 1852; 2010-09-23 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21

FL MD VA NC FL NC FL MA/CT SNE-NY MD VA

NC-FL MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL NC-FL NY-FL NC-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Crassostrea virginica

Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21

NC

ME-FL

Crassostrea virginica

Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21

FL

ME-FL

Crepidula fornicata Lamarck Crepidula fornicata Crepidula fornicata Crepidula fornicata Dinocardium robustum Hiatella arctica

Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786); 2009-01-22 Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1767); 2007-03-13

MA MA MD FL FL NH

ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL VA-FL ME-FL

Ischadium recurvum Isognoma alata Gmelin Isognoma alata Isognoma radiatus

Ischadium recurvum (Rafinesque, 1820); 2005-05-20 Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791); 2009-10-06 Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791); 2009-10-06 Isognomon radiatus (Anton, 1838); 2010-09-23

FL FL FL FL

MA-FL FL FL NC-FL

Macoma balthica Macoma balthica Martesia striata Modiolus demissus Modiolus demissus Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn) Modiolus demissus Modiolus modiolus Modiolus modiolus (Lamarck) Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus) Mytilopsis leucophaeata Mytilus edulis Linnaeus Mytilus edulis Mytilus edulis

Macoma balthica (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Macoma balthica (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2010-09-23 Guekensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817); 2010-03-31 Guekensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817); 2010-03-31 Guekensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817); 2010-03-31 Guekensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817); 2010-03-31 Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831); 2005-05-20 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21

MD NC FL MA NJ NC NC MA MA NC FL Arctic-NC ME NH

ME-FL ME-FL NC-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL NY-FL ME-GE ME-GE ME-GE

Mytilus edulis Linné Mytilus edulis

Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21

MA MA

ME-GE ME-GE

Mytilus edulis L. Mytilus edulis Mytilus edulis Mytilus edulis L. Mytilus edulis Mytilus edulis

Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21

MA MA/CT CT NY NJ MD

ME-GE ME-GE ME-GE ME-GE ME-GE ME-GE

Mytilus edulis Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus) Mytilus hamatus Say Ostraea virginiana Lister Ostrea equestris

Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758; 2004-12-21 Ischadium recurvum (Rafinesque, 1820); 2005-05-20 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21 Ostrea equestris Say, 1834; 2010-07-09

VA NC FL MA NC

ME-GE ME-GE MA-FL ME-FL VA-FL

Ostrea equestris Say Ostrea equestris Say Ostrea equestris Say

Ostrea equestris Say, 1834; 2010-07-09 Ostrea equestris Say, 1834; 2010-07-09 Ostrea equestris Say, 1834; 2010-07-09

NC SC FL

VA-FL VA-FL VA-FL

McPherson et al. 1984 Cory 1967 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Dean & Bellis 1975 Nelson et al. 1994 Dean & Bellis 1975 Nelson et al. 1994 Osman & Whitlatch 1995b Weiss 1995 Cory 1967 Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982 Dean & Bellis 1975, Walters 1992 Mook 1980, McPherson et al. 1984, Dalby & Young 1992 Sumner et al. 1913 Osman 1978 Foster et al. 1994 Nelson et al. 1994 Nelson et al. 1994 Harris & Irons 1982, Greene & Grizzle 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 McPherson et al. 1984 Weiss 1948 McPherson et al. 1984 McPherson et al. 1984, Cummings 1994 Cory 1967 Dean & Bellis 1975 McPherson et al. 1984 Osman 1978 Peterson 1979 McDougall 1943 Dean & Bellis 1975 Osman 1978 Sumner et al. 1913 McDougall 1943 McPherson et al. 1984 Miner 1950 Fuller 1946 Harris & Irons 1982, Dijkstra et al. 2007, Greene & Grizzle 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 Verrill & Smith 1874 Miner 1913, Osman 1977, 1978 Hunter & Brown 1964 Osman & Whitlatch 1998 Stachowicz et al. 1999, 2002 Franz 1989 Peterson 1979 Dean & Hurd 1980, Dean 1981, Smedes & Hurd 1981, Foster et al. 1994 Otsuka & Dauer 1982 McDougall 1943 Richards & Clapp 1944 Verrill & Smith 1874 Sutherland 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977 Karlson 1975, 1978 Crickenberger & Sotka 2009 Dalby & Young 1993

13

Ostrea equestris Ostrea virginica Gmelin Ostrea virginica Ostrea virginica Gmelin

Ostrea equestris Say, 1834; 2010-07-09 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21 Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791); 2004-12-21

FL NC FL FL

VA-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Ostreola equestris Perna viridis (Linnaeus) Pinctada imbricata Pinctada radiata Leach Pteria colymbus Bolten

Ostrea equestris Say, 1834; 2010-07-09 Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758); 2008-10-01 Pinctada imbricata Röding, 1798; 2010-03-09 Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814); 2004-12-21 Pteria colymbus (Röding, 1798); 2010-03-09

FL SC FL FL NC

Cummings 1994 McDougall 1943 Smith et al. 1950 Richards & Clapp 1944, Weiss 1948 VA-FL Nelson et al. 1994 SC-FL Crickenberger & Sotka 2009 NC-FL Cummings 1994 FL Weiss 1948 NC-FL McDougall 1943

Phylum Entoprocta Barentsia laxa Barentsia laxa Kirkpatrick Barentsia major Barentsia major Hincks

Barentsia laxa Kirkpatrick, 1890; 2007-09-05 Barentsia laxa Kirkpatrick, 1890; 2007-09-05 Barentsia major Hincks, 1889; 2007-09-05 Barentsia major Hincks, 1889; 2007-09-05

MA NC MA MA

ME-FL ME-FL ME-CT ME-CT

Pedicellina cernua Pedicellina cernua (Pallas) Pedicellina cernua Pallas Pedicellina cernua (Pallas)

Pedicellina cernua (Pallas, 1774); 2004-12-21 Pedicellina cernua (Pallas, 1774); 2004-12-21 Pedicellina cernua (Pallas, 1774); 2004-12-21 Pedicellina cernua (Pallas, 1774); 2004-12-21

MA Canada-MA MA MA

ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Pedicellina cernua Pedicellina cernua (Pallas)

Pedicellina cernua (Pallas, 1774); 2004-12-21 Pedicellina cernua (Pallas, 1774); 2004-12-21

SNE-NY NC

ME-FL ME-FL

Phylum Bryozoa Acanthodesia tenella (Hincks) Acanthodesia tenuis Acanthodesia tenuis (Desor) Acanthodesia tenuis Aetea anguina (Linné) Aetea anguina (Linnaeus) Aetea anguina (Linnaeus) Aetea sica (Couch)

Membranipora tenella Hincks, 1880; 2009-10-06 Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848; 2004-12-21 Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848; 2004-12-21 Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848; 2004-12-21 Aetea anguina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Aetea anguina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Aetea anguina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Aetea sica (Couch, 1844); 2004-12-21

FL MD NC FL MA MA NC FL

FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL NC-FL

Aetea truncata Aeverrillia armata (Verrill) Aeverrillia armata Aeverrillia armata Verrill Alcyonidium hauffi Alcyonidium mammillatum Alder Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell Alcyonidium polyoum Alcyonidium polyoum Alcyonidium polyoum (Hassall) Alcyonidium polyoum Alcyonidium verrilli Osburn Amathia brasiliensis Busk Amathia dichotoma (Verrill)

Aetea truncata (Landsborough, 1852); 2004-12-21 Aeverrillia armata (Verrill, 1873): 2010-03-22 Aeverrillia armata (Verrill, 1873): 2010-03-22 Aeverrillia armata (Verrill, 1873): 2010-03-22 Alcyonidium hauffi Marcus, 1939; 2010-04-27 Alcyonidium mamillatum Alder, 1857; 2004-12-21

FL MA VA FL NC NC

NC-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Alcyonidioides mytili (Dalyell, 1848); 2010-04-20 Alcyonidium polyoum (Hassall, 1841); 2007-06-05 Alcyonidium polyoum (Hassall, 1841); 2007-06-05 Alcyonidium polyoum (Hassall, 1841); 2007-06-05 Alcyonidium polyoum (Hassall, 1841); 2007-06-05 Alcyonidium verrilli Osburn, 1912; 2010-03-22 Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828); 2010-04-27 Amathia dichotoma Verrill, 1873; see Winston & Hayward 2012

MA MA SNE-NY NC FL NC NC MA

ME-MA ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-NC NC-FL ME-VA

Amathia dichotoma Amathia dichotoma (Verrill) Amathia distans Amathia vidovici (Heller) Amathia vidovici Amathia vidovici (Heller)

Amathia dichotoma Verrill, 1873; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Amathia dichotoma Verrill, 1873; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Amathia distans Busk, 1886; 2004-12-21 Amathia dichotoma Verrill, 1873; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Amathia dichotoma Verrill, 1873; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Amathia vidovici (Heller, 1867); 2004-12-21

MA NJ FL MA SNE-NY FL

ME-VA ME-VA NC-FL ME-VA ME-VA FL

Amphiblestrum flemingii Anguinella palmata

Amphiblestrum flemingii (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845; 2004-12-21

NH VA

ME-NC MA-FL

Anguinella palmata

Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845; 2004-12-21

NC

MA-FL

Anguinella palmata Van Beneden Anguinella palmata Anguinella palmata Van Beneden Aplousina gigantea Canu & Bassler

Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845; 2004-12-21

NC

MA-FL

Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845; 2004-12-21 Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845; 2004-12-21

FL FL

MA-FL MA-FL

Aplousina gigantea Canu & Bassler, 1927; 2009-10-06

FL

NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970

Osman 1977, 1978 Maturo 1959 Osman 1978 Osburn 1910, Miner 1950, Rogick 1964a Osman 1977, 1978 Miner 1950 Sumner et al. 1913 Rogick & Croasdale 1949, Rogick 1964a Weiss 1995 Maturo 1959 Weiss 1948 Cory 1967 McDougall 1943 Pomerat & Reiner 1942 Osburn 1910 Sumner et al. 1913 Maturo 1959 McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 Winston 1995 Rogick 1964b Calder & Brehmer 1967 McCann et al. 2007 Karlson 1975 Maturo 1957 Osburn 1910 Osman 1977, 1978 Weiss 1995 Maturo 1959 Winston 1995, 1982 McDougall 1943 McDougall 1943 Osburn 1910, Sumner et al. 1913 Sumner et al. 1911 Miner 1950 Winston 1995 Rogick 1964b Weiss 1995 McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 Harris & Irons 1982 Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000, Jewett et al. 2005 Sutherland 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977 McDougall 1943, Maturo 1959, Karlson 1975, 1978 Winston 1995 McCann et al. 2007

14

Beania klugei Cook Beania klugei Cook, 1968; 2009-10-06 Bicellaria ciliata (Linné) Bicellariella ciliata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2006-07-18 Bicellariella ciliata (Linnaeus) Bicellariella ciliata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2006-07-18 Biflustra denticulata (Smitt) Biflustra savartii (Audouin) Bowerbankia gracilis (Leidy) Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy Bowerbankia gracilis Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy

Biflustra denticulata (Busk, 1856); 2009-10-06 Biflustra arborescens (Canu & Bassler, 1928); 2007-06-04 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21

Bowerbankia gracilis

Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21

Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy Bowerbankia gracilis Bowerbankia gracilis Bowerbankia gracilis Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy

Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21

Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy

Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21

Bowerbankia gracilis Bowerbankia imbricata Bowerbankia imbricata Bowerbankia maxima Winston

Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Bowerbankia tertia new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bowerbankia tertia new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bowerbankia maxima Winston, 1982; 2010-04-27

Bowerbankia maxima Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus) Bugula avicularia Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus) Bugula californica Robertson Bugula flabellata (Thompson)

Bowerbankia maxima Winston, 1982; 2010-04-27 Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Bugula californica Robertson, 1905; 2009-05-29 Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bugula flabellata Busk Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bugula flabellata (Thompson) Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bugula flabellata Thompson Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bugula flabellata Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bugula flabellata Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Bugula flabellata (Thompson) Bugula flabellata (Thompson, in Gray 1848); 2010-11-30 Bugula neritana Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Bugula neritina Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Bugula neritina Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

FL MA MA

FL Winston 2009 MA-CT Osburn 1910 MA-CT Rogick 1964b, Sumner et al. 1913 FL NC-FL McCann et al. 2007 FL MA-FL Long & Rucker 1970 ME ME-FL Field 1982 ME ME-FL Tyrrell & Byers 2007 ME-CT ME-FL Miner 1950 NH ME-FL Harris & Irons 1982 MA ME-FL Osburn 1910, Rogick 1964b, Sumner et al. 1913 MA ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a MA/CT ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b SNE-NY ME-FL Weiss 1995 MD ME-FL Cory 1967 VA ME-FL Sagasti et al. 2000 NC ME-FL McDougall 1943, Maturo 1959 FL ME-FL McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 FL ME-FL Winston 1995, 1982 MA ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978 SNE and NY ME-FL Weiss 1995 FL FL McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 FL FL Winston 1995 NC ME-FL McDougall 1943 NC ME-FL Karlson 1975 FL ME-FL Weiss 1948 NC NC-FL Maturo 1957, 1959 ME-MA ME-FL Miner 1950 MA

ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874

MA

ME-FL Osburn 1910, Rogick & Croasdale 1949 ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913

MA MA NJ

ME-FL Sumner et al. 1911, Grave 1933 ME-FL Peterson 1979

FL FL CT NC

FL MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL

Bugula neritina (Linnaeus)

Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

NC

MA-FL

Bugula neritina (Linnaeus) Bugula neritina (Linnaeus)

Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

NC-SC/FL FL

MA-FL MA-FL

Bugula neritina

Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21

FL

MA-FL

Bugula neritina (L.) Bugula simplex

Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21

FL NH

MA-FL ME-FL

Bugula simplex Hincks Bugula simplex

Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21 Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21

MA MA

ME-FL ME-FL

Bugula simplex Bugula stolonifera

Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886; 2004-12-21 Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960; 2004-12-21

SNE-NY NH

ME-FL NH-FL

Richards & Clapp 1944 Cummings 1994 Altman & Whitlatch 2007 Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977, Walters 1992, Holm et al. 1997 McDougall 1943, Maturo 1959, Karlson 1975, 1978 Winston & Woollacott 2008 Weiss 1948, McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 Pomerat & Reiner 1942, Smith et al. 1950, Mook 1976, 1980, 1983, Winston 1995, 1982 Richards & Clapp 1944 Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 Rogick 1964b Grosberg 1981, Myers 1990, Agius 2007 Weiss 1995 Dijkstra et al. 2007

15

Bugula stolonifera Bugula stolonifera

Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960; 2004-12-21 Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960; 2004-12-21

MA MA/CT

Bugula stolonifera

Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960; 2004-12-21

FL

Bugula stolonifera Ryland

Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960; 2004-12-21

FL

Bugula turrita (Desor) Bugula turrita

Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30 Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30

ME-NC NH

Bugula turrita Verrill Bugula turrita

Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30 Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30

MA MA

Bugula turrita (Desor)

Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30

MA

Bugula turrita

Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30

MA/CT

Bugula turrita (Desar) Bugula turrita Bugula turrita Bugula turrita (Desor)

Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30 Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30 Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30 Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30

MA/CT SNE-NY CT CT

Bugula turrita (Desor) Bugula turrita (Desor) Buskia armata Callopora aurita Callopora craticula (Alder) Callopora craticula Callopora lineata Caulibugula armata Verrill

Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30 Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848); 2005-05-30 Aeverrillia armata (Verrill, 1873): 2010-03-22 Amphiblestrum auritum (Hincks, 1877); 2004-12-21 Callopora thaxterae new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Callopora thaxterae new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Callopora thaxterae new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Caulibugula armata Verrill, 1900; 2010-01-22

NY NC FL MA ME ME MA FL

Cellepora dichotoma Celleporaria albirostris (Smitt) Celleporaria pilaefera (Canu & Bassler) Celleporina costazii (Audouin) Cleidochasma porcellanum (Busk) Conopeum chesapeakensis

Buskea dichotoma (Hincks, 1862); 2004-12-21 Celleporaria albirostris (Smitt, 1873); 2009-05-12

MA FL

NH-FL Grosberg 1981,Myers 1990 NH-FL Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992 NH-FL Mook 1976, 1980, 1983, Winston 1982, 1995 NH-FL McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 ME-FL Miner 1950 ME-FL Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981, Myers 1990, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a, Agius 2007 ME-FL Osburn 1910, Sumner et al. 1913, Parker 1924, Rogick & Croasdale 1949 ME-FL Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b ME-FL Weiss 1995 ME-FL Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006 ME-FL Altman & Whitlatch 2007, Osman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-FL Franz 1989 ME-FL Maturo 1957, 1959 ME-FL Winston 1995 ME-CT Osman 1977, 1978 ME-MA Field 1982 ME-MA Fuller 1946 ME-MA Osman 1978 FL McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 MA-FL Osman 1978 NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970

Celleporaria pilaefera (Canu & Bassler, 1929); 1997-12-03

FL

FL

Celleporina costazii (Audouin, 1826); 2003-12-31 Cleidochasma affinis (Milne-Edwards, 1836); 2007-06-04

FL FL

FL Long & Rucker 1970 NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970

Conopeum chesapeakensis (Banta, Perez & Santagata, 1995); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Conopeum chesapeakensis (Banta, Perez & Santagata, 1995); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Conopeum chesapeakensis (Banta, Perez & Santagata, 1995); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22

VA

MD-FL Jewett et al. 2005

FL

MD-FL McCann et al. 2007

FL

Conopeum chesapeakensis (Banta et al.) Conopeum seurati

McCann et al. 2007

Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu) Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22 Cribilina punctata Cribrilina macropunctata Winston, Hayward & Craig 2000; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Cribrilaria radiata (Moll) Puellina radiata (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Crisia eburnea (Linné) Crisia osburni new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus) Crisia osburni new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Crisia eburnea Lamouroux Crisia osburni new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Crisia eburnea Crisia osburni new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Crisia elongata Crisia elongata Milne Edwards, 1838; 2010-04-27 Cryptosula pallasiana Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Levinson Cryptosula pallasiana Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21

FL MA

MD-FL Mook 1983, Winston 1995, 1982 ME-FL Jewett et al. 2005 ME-FL Sagasti et al. 2001 ME-FL Smedes & Hurd 1981 ME-FL Sagasti et al. 2000 ME-FL Mook 1976, 1983, Winston 1995 ME-FL McCann et al. 2007 ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978

FL MA MA MA MA FL ME

NC-FL ME-NC ME-NC ME-NC ME-NC FL ME-FL

MA

Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll) Cryptosula pallasiana

MA MA/CT

ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a ME-FL Rogick & Croasdale 1949 ME-FL Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1998

Conopeum tenuissem Conopeum tenuissium Conopeum tenuissimum Conopeum tenuissimum Conopeum tenuissimum

Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21

VA VA MD VA FL

Long & Rucker 1970 Osburn 1910 Sumner et al. 1913 Verrill & Smith 1874 Osman 1977, 1978 Winston 1995 Tyrrell & Byers 2007

16

Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll) Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll) Cryptosula pallasiana

Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21

MA/CT CT CT

Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll) Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll) Cryptosula pallasiana Cryptosula pallasina Electra bengalensis (Stoliczka) Electra crustulenta

NC FL FL NH FL MA

Electra hastingsae Electra hastingsae Marcus Electra hastingsae Marcus Electra hastingseae Electra monostachys (Busk) Electra monostachys (Busk) Electra pilosa (Linnaeus) Electra pilosa Electra pilosa

Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21 Electra bengalensis (Stoliczka, 1869); 2010-04-27 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Electra crustulenta species group; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Electra crustulenta species group; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21 Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21

Electra pilosa

Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21

Electra crustulenta Electra crustulenta Electra crustulenta (Pallas) Electra crustulenta (Pallas)

VA NC NC

ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b ME-FL Altman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-FL Stachowicz et al. 1999, 2002, Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006 ME-FL Maturo 1959 ME-FL Richards & Clapp 1944 ME-FL Winston 1982, 1995 ME-FL Dijkstra & Harris 2009 FL McCann et al. 2007 ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981 Calder & Brehmer 1967 Dean & Bellis 1975 ME-FL Maturo 1957, 1959

FL

ME-FL Richards & Clapp 1944

MA MA NC FL ME FL ME ME NH

ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-NC ME-NC ME-NC

Escharina pesanseris (Smitt, 1873); 1997-12-10 Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Eucratea chelata Scruparia chelata (Linnaeus, 1758): 2004-12-21 Eucratea chelata (Linnaeus) Scruparia chelata (Linnaeus, 1758): 2004-12-21 Eucratea chelata (Linné) Scruparia chelata (Linnaeus, 1758): 2004-12-21 Hippaliosina rostrigera (Smitt) Hippaliosina rostrigera (Smitt, 1873); 2009-10-06

FL MA

Osman 1977, 1978 Rogick & Croasdale 1949 Maturo 1959 Pomerat & Reiner 1942 Field 1982 Richards & Clapp 1944 Tyrrell & Byers 2007 Fuller 1946 Harris & Irons 1982, Dijkstra & Harris 2009, Dijkstra et al. 2007 ME-NC Osman 1978, Agius 2007 NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970 ME-NC Verrill & Smith 1874

MA MA MA FL

ME-MA ME-MA ME-MA NC-FL

Hippodiplosia americana (Verrill) Hippodiplosia pertusa Hippopodina feegeensis (Busk) Hippoporina americana (Verrill) Hippoporina indica (Pillai) Hippoporina verrilli

Hippoporina verrilli Maturo & Schopf, 1968; 2009-10-06

NC

Sumner et al. 1911 Sumner et al. 1913 Osburn 1910 Long & Rucker 1970, Winston 1982 MA-FL Maturo 1959

Hippoporina verrilli Maturo & Schopf, 1968; 2009-10-06 Hippopodina feegeensis (Busk, 1884); 2004-12-21 uncertain identity; see Winston & Hayward 2012

MA FL FL

MA-FL Osman 1977, 1978 FL McCann et al. 2007 Long & Rucker 1970

Hippoporina indica Madhavan Pillai, 1978; 2010-04-27 Hippoporina verrilli Maturo & Schopf, 1968; 2009-10-06

FL FL

Hippothoa hyalina Hippothoa hyalina Hippothoa hyalina (Linnaeus) Hippothoa hyalina Hippuraria armata (Verrill)

Celleporella hyalina (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Celleporella hyalina (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Celleporella hyalina (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Celleporella hyalina (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Aeverrillia armata (Verrill, 1873): 2010-03-22

ME NH MA MA MA

Lepralia americana Verrill

Pentapora americana (Verrill, 1875); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803); 2004-12-21

MA

ME

VA-FL McCann et al. 2007 MA-FL Mook 1976, 1983, Winston 1982, 1995 ME-NC Fuller 1946 ME-NC Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-NC Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NC Osman 1977, 1978 ME-FL Osburn 1910, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NC Osburn 1910, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-FL Osburn 1910, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-CT Fuller 1946

MA

ME-CT Osman 1977, 1978

FL ME MD

MA-FL Winston 1982 ME-CT Field 1982 ME-FL Cory 1967

MA

ME-MA Miner 1950, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-FL Tyrrell & Byers 2007

Escharina pesanseris (Smitt) Escharella variabilis Verrill

Lepralia pallasiana (Moll) Lichenopora verrucaria

Patinella verrucaria (Fabricius, 1780); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Lichenopora verrucaria Patinella verrucaria (Fabricius, 1780); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Membranipora arborescens Biflustra arborescens (Canu & Bassler, 1928); 2007-06-04 Membranipora aurita (Hincks) Amphiblestrum auritum (Hincks, 1877); 2004-12-21 Membranipora crustulenta Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); 2010-03-22; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Membranipora lineata Callopora thaxterae new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 (Linnaeus) Membranipora membranacea Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 (Linnaeus) Membranipora membranacea Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Membranipora membranacea Membranipora membranacea

Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21

MA

MA

ME NH MA CT

ME-FL Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-FL Agius 2007 ME-FL Stachowicz et al. 2002

17

Membranipora membranacea Membranipora monostachys Busk Membranipora pilosa Farre Membranipora pilosa (Linnaeus) Membranipora pilosa (Linn.) Membranipora savartii Membranipora tenuis Membranipora tenuis

Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854); 2004-12-21

MD MA

Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21

MA MA

ME-FL Cory 1967 ME-FL Osburn 1910, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NC Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-NC Sumner et al. 1913

Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Biflustra denticulata (Busk, 1856); 2009-10-06 Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848; 2004-12-21 Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848; 2004-12-21

MA FL MA VA

ME-NC NC-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Membranipora tenuis Desor Membranipora tenuis

Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848; 2004-12-21 Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848; 2004-12-21

NC NC

Microporella ciliata

Microporella rogickae Winston, Hayward & Craig, 2000; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Microporella rogickae Winston, Hayward & Craig, 2000; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Microporella ciliata species complex; see Felder & Camp 2009 (p. 1159), Winston & Hayward 2012 Microporella ciliata species complex; see Felder & Camp 2009 (p. 1159), Winston & Hayward 2012 Escharella immersa (Fleming, 1828); 2004-12-21 Escharella ventricosa (Hassell, 1842); 2004-12-21 Nolella stipata Gosse, 1885; 2010-04-27 Nolella stipata Gosse, 1885; 2010-04-27

MA

Parker 1924 Winston 1995 Osman 1978 Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001, Jewett et al. 2005 ME-FL Maturo 1959 ME-FL Dean & Bellis 1975, Walters 1992 ME-VA Osman 1977, 1978

MA/CT

ME-VA Osman & Whitlatch 1998

Parasmittina nitida (Verrill, 1875); 2009-10-06 Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873); 2009-10-06

MA FL

Osman 1978 Osman 1978 Maturo 1959 McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 MA-NC Osman 1978 NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970

MA

MA-NC Osman 1978

NC

MA-NC Maturo 1959

FL FL FL FL

NC-FL NC-FL FL NC-FL

FL

FL

Microporella ciliata Microporella ciliata (Pallas) Microporella ciliata (Pallas) Mucronella immersa Mucronella ventricosa Nolella stipata Gosse Nolella stipata Gosse Parasmittina nitida Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt) Parasmittina trispinosa

Parasmittina nitida (Verrill, 1875); 2009-10-06; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Parasmittina trispinosa Parasmittina nitida (Verrill, 1875); 2009-10-06; see Winston & Hayward 2012 (Johnston) Parellisina latirostris Osburn Parellisina latirostris Osburn, 1940; 2009-10-06 Rhynchozoon rostratum (Busk) Rhynchozoon rostratum (Busk, 1856); 2010-04-27 Rhynchozoon spicatum Osburn Rhynchozoon spicatum Osburn, 1952; 2009-10-06 Rhynchozoon tuberculatum Drepanophora tuberculata (Osburn, 1914); 2009-10-06 Osburn Savignyella lafontii (Audouin) Savignyella lafontii (Audouin, 1826); 2004-12-21 Schizomavella auriculata (Hassall) Schizoporella biaperta (Michelin) Schizoporella biaperta

NC

Maturo 1959

FL

Long & Rucker 1970

MA MA NC FL

ME-CT MA ME-FL ME-FL

Long & Rucker 1970 Long & Rucker 1970 Long & Rucker 1970 Long & Rucker 1970

Schizomavella auriculata (Hassall, 1842); 2004-12-21

FL

McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009 ME-FL Long & Rucker 1970

Pourtalesella incrassata (Canu & Bassler, 1928); 2009-10-06

MA

MA-FL Rogick 1964b

Pourtalesella incrassata (Canu & Bassler, 1928); 2009-10-06

MA NC

MA-FL Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981 MA-FL Maturo 1959

ME

ME-NC Field 1982

MA

ME-NC Osman 1977, 1978, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a ME-NC Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1995b, 1998 Sutherland 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1977, Walters 1992 Karlson 1978

Schizoporella cornuta (Gabb & Pourtalesella incrassata (Canu & Bassler, 1928); 2009-10-06 Horn) Schizoporella errata (Waters) Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Schizoporella errata Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Schizoporella errata Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward 2012

MA/CT

Schizoporella errata

Schizoporella errata species complex; see Winston & Hayward NC 2012

Schizoporella errata (Waters)/Waters Schizoporella floridae Schizoporella floridana

Schizoporella errata species complex; see Winston & Hayward NC 2012 Schizoporella floridana Osburn, 1914; 2009-10-06 FL Schizoporella floridana Osburn, 1914; 2009-10-06 FL

Schizoporella floridana Osburn Schizoporella pungens (Canu & Bassler) Schizoporella unicornis

Schizoporella floridana Osburn, 1914; 2009-10-06

FL

NC-FL Mook 1976 NC-FL Mook 1980, 1983, Winston 1982, 1995 NC-FL McCann et al. 2007

Schizoporella pungens Canu & Bassler, 1928; 2010-04-27

FL

FL

Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward NH 2012

McCann et al. 2007

ME-NC Dijkstra & Harris 2009

18

Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston)

Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward MA 2012

Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston) Schizoporella unicornis

Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Schizoporella variabilis (Leidy, 1855); see Winston & Hayward 2012 Schizoporella errata species complex; see Winston & Hayward 2012; advice by Winston pers. comm. Schizoporella errata species complex; see Winston & Hayward 2012; advice by Winston pers. comm.

Schizoporella unicornis Schizoporella unicornis Schizoporella unicornis

MA-SC

ME-NC Osburn 1910, Rogick 1964b, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NC Miner 1950

MA

ME-NC Grosberg 1981

SNE-NY

ME-NC Weiss 1995

NJ

Peterson 1979

NC

Sutherland 1974, 1978, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, Karlson 1975 McDougall 1943, Maturo 1957, 1959 Richards & Clapp 1944, Weiss 1948, Long & Rucker 1970, Winston 1982 Mook 1976, Nelson et al. 1994 McCann et al. 2007

Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston) Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston)

Schizoporella errata species complex; see Winston & Hayward NC 2012; advice by Winston pers. comm. Schizoporella errata species complex; see Winston & Hayward FL 2012; advice by Winston pers. comm.

Schizoporella unicornis

Schizoporella errata species complex; see Winston & Hayward 2012; advice by Winston pers. comm. Schizoporella errata species complex; advice by Winston pers. comm. Scruparia chelata (Linnaeus, 1758); 2004-12-21 Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826); 2004-12-21

Schizoporella ‘unicornis’ Winston, not (Johnston) Scruparia chelata (Linnaeus) Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Van Beneden) Scrupocellaria bertholetii Scrupocellaria ‘bertholletii’ Scrupocellaria regularis Sinoflustra annae (Osburn) Smittia trispinosa nitida (Verrill) Smittina smittiella Osburn Smittina (sensu lato) thrincota Shier Smittipora/Smittopora levinseni (Canu & Bassler) Steganoporella magnilabris (Busk) Stylopoma spongites Levinsen (Pallas) Sundanella sibogae (Harmer) Tegella armifera Tegella unicornis Tegella unicornis Thalamoporella distorta/distora Osburn Thalamoporella floridana Osburn Triticella pedicellata Tubulipora liliacea (Pallas)

Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje)

FL MA FL

ME-MA Rogick 1964b NC-FL McCann et al. 2007

Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826); 2004-12-21 Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826); 2004-12-21 Scrupocellaria regularis Osburn, 1940; 2009-10-06 Sinoflustra annae (Osburn, 1953); 2009-05-18 Parasmittina nitida (Verrill, 1875); 2009-10-06; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Smittina smittiella Osburn, 1947; 2009-10-06 Phylactellipora aviculifera (Osburn, 1914); 2009-10-06

FL FL FL FL MA

NC-FL NC-FL NC-FL FL MA-NC

FL FL

NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970 NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970

Smittipora levinseni (Canu & Bassler, 1917); 2009-10-06

FL

NC-FL Long & Rucker 1970

Steganiporella magnilabris (Busk, 1854); 2009-10-06

FL

GE-FL

Long & Rucker 1970

Stylopoma smitti Winston, 2005; 2009-10-06

FL

FL

Long & Rucker 1970

Sundanella sibogae; 2009-05-18; authority is (Harmer, 1915) see Felder & Camp 2009, McCann et al. 2007 Tegella armifera (Hincks, 1880); 2004-12-21 Tegella unicornis (Fleming, 1828); 2004-12-21 Tegella unicornis (Fleming, 1828); 2004-12-21 Thalamoporella distorta Osburn, 1940; 2010-04-24

FL

NC-FL McCann et al. 2007

MA ME MA FL

ME-MA ME-NC ME-NC FL

Thalamoporella floridana Osburn, 1940; 2010-04-27

FL

NC-FL McCann et al. 2007

MA MA

ME-MA Osman 1978 ME-CT Osburn 1910

MA MA MA MD NC FL FL FL FL

ME-VA ME-FL ME-MA NY-FL NY-FL NY-FL FL FL FL

Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852); 2004-12-21

FL

FL

Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828); 2010-04-27

FL

NC-FL Weiss 1948

Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828); 2010-04-27 Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828); 2010-04-27

FL FL

Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828); 2010-04-27

FL

NC-FL Smith et al. 1950 NC-FL Mook 1980, 1983, Winston 1995 NC-FL McCann et al. 2007, Winston 2009

Triticella pedicellata (Alder, 1857); 2004-12-21 Tubulipora confracta new species; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Vesicularia dichotoma Verrill Amathia dichotoma Verrill, 1873; see Winston & Hayward 2012 Vesicularia gracilis Verrill Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855; 2004-12-21 Vesicularia cuscuta Thompson Walkeria uva (Linnaeus, 1758); 2005-04-15 Victorella pavida Victorella pavida Saville Kent, 1870; 2004-12-21 Victorella pavida Victorella pavida Saville Kent, 1870; 2004-12-21 Victorella pavida Victorella pavida Saville Kent, 1870; 2004-12-21 Watersipora cucullata (Busk) Watersipora subovoidea (d'Orbigny, 1852); 4-12-21 Watersipora cucullata Watersipora subovoidea (d'Orbigny, 1852); 4-12-21 Watersipora subovoidea Watersipora subovoidea (d'Orbigny, 1852); 4-12-21

Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny) Zoobotryon pellucidum Ehrenberg Zoobotryon pellucidum Zoobotryon verticillatum

FL

Winston 1995 Winston 2009 Winston 1982 McCann et al. 2007 Sumner et al. 1913

Osman 1978 Fuller 1946 Osman 1978 Long & Rucker 1970

Verrill & Smith 1874 Verrill & Smith 1874 Verrill & Smith 1874 Cory 1967 Dean & Bellis 1975 Winston 1995, 1982 Weiss 1948 Smith et al. 1950 Mook 1976, 1980, Winston 1982, 1995 McCann et al. 2007

19

Phylum Chordata Amaroucium constellatum Verrill Amaroucium constellatum Verrill Amaroucium constellatum Amaroucium stellatum Verrill Amaroucium pellucidum Leidy Amaroucium pellucidum Aplidium constellatum Aplidium constellatum Aplidium constellatum Ascidia curvata

Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2007-12-05

NH-FL

ME-FL Van Name 1945

Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2007-12-05

MA

Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2007-12-05 Aplidium stellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2009-05-04 Aplidium pellucidum Leidy, 1855; 2010-10-28 Aplidium pellucidum Leidy, 1855; 2010-10-28 Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2007-12-05 Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2007-12-05 Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871); 2007-12-05 Ascidia curvata (Traustedt, 1882); 2007-12-05

MA MA-FL MA-CT MA NH MA FL FL

Ascidia hygomiana Ascidia interrupta

Ascidia interrupta Heller, 1878; 2004-12-21 Ascidia interrupta Heller, 1878; 2004-12-21

FL NC

Ascidia interrupta Heller Ascidia interrupta Heller Ascidia nigra (Savigny) Ascidia nigra Ascidiella aspersa

Ascidia interrupta Heller, 1878; 2004-12-21 Ascidia interrupta Heller, 1878; 2004-12-21 Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816; 2004-12-21 Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816; 2004-12-21 Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776); 2004-12-21

NC FL FL FL NH

Ascidiella aspersa Ascidiella aspersa Ascidiella aspersa

Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776); 2004-12-21 Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776); 2004-12-21 Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776); 2004-12-21

MA MA/CT CT

Ascidiella aspersa (Müller) Boltenia echinata (Linnaeus) Botrylloides diegensis

Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776); 2004-12-21 Boltenia echinata (Linnaeus, 1767); 2004-12-21 Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20

CT ME MA

Botrylloides diegensis

Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20

MA/CT

Botrylloides diegensis Ritter & Forsyth Botrylloides diegensis Botrylloides diegensis Botrylloides leachi Botrylloides leachii (Savigny) Botrylloides nigrum Herdman Botrylloides violaceus Ritter & Forsyth Botrylloides violaceus

Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20

MA/CT

ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874, Miner 1950 ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978 ME-FL Van Name 1945 ME-FL Miner 1950 ME-FL Miner 1913 ME-FL Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-FL Agius 2007 ME-FL Nelson et al. 1994 NC-FL Mook 1976, Dalby & Young 1992, 1993 NC-FL Smith et al. 1950 NC-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977 NC-FL Karlson 1975, 1978 NC-FL Weiss 1948 NC-FL Weiss 1948,Smith et al. 1950 NC-FL Cummings 1994 ME-NC Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-NC Agius 2007 ME-NC Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-NC Stachowicz et al. 2002, Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006, Osman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-NC Altman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-RI Field 1982 ME-VA Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a ME-VA Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-VA Osman & Whitlatch 1995b

Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20 Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20 Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816): 2007-12-05 Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816): 2007-12-05 Botrylloides nigrum (Herdman, 1886); 2009-05-02 Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20

SNE-NY CT MA MA FL ME

ME-VA ME-VA MA MA NC-FL ME-VA

Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20

NH

Botrylloides violaceus Botrylloides violaceus (Oka) Botrylloides violaceus

Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20 Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20 Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927; 2009-07-20

MA CT CT

Botryllus gouldii Verrill Botryllus gouldii Botryllus planus (Van Name) Botryllus planus Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas) Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas)

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902); 2009-07-20 Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902); 2009-07-20 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

MA MA FL FL ME-FL ME

Botryllus schlosseri Botryllus schlosseri

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

ME NH

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas)

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

MA

Botryllus schlosseri

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

MA

ME-VA Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-VA Agius 2007 ME-VA Altman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-VA Stachowicz et al. 2002, Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006, Osman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-FL Miner 1913, Grave 1933 MD-FL Weiss 1948 MD-FL Dalby & Young 1992, 1993 ME-FL Van Name 1945 ME-FL Field 1982, Tyrrell & Byers 2007 ME-FL Yund & Stires 2002 ME-FL Harris & Irons 1982, Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913, Parker 1924, Miner 1950, Myers 1990 ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1987, 1988, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a, Stachowicz et al. 1999, Agius 2007

Weiss 1995 Stachowicz et al. 1999 Grosberg 1988 Grosberg 1981, Myers 1990 Weiss 1948 Tyrrell & Byers 2007

20

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas) Savigny Botryllus schlosseri

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

MA

ME-FL Grosberg 1981

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

MA/CT

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas) Botryllus schlosseri Botryllus schlosseri

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

MA/CT SNE-NY CT

Botryllus schlosseri (Binney) Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas) Botryllus schlosseri

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

CT NY VA

Botryllus schlosseri

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21

NC

Botryllus schlosseri Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus) Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus) Ciona intestinalis

Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766); 2004-12-21 Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12 Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12 Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12

FL ME-CT MA-RI NH

Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus) Ciona intestinalis

Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12 Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12

MA MA

Ciona intestinalis

Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12

MA/CT

Ciona intestinalis (L.) Ciona intestinalis Ciona intestinalis

Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12 Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12 Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12

MA/CT SNE-NY CT

Ciona tenella Clavelina oblonga

Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767); 2010-10-12 Clavelina oblonga Herdman, 1880; 2010-06-24

MA FL

Clavelina picta Cnemidocarpa mollis (Stimpson) Cynthia partita Stimpson Cynthia partita Dendrodoa carnea (Agassiz) Dendrodoa carnea (Agassiz) Didemnum albidum Didemnum albidum Didemnum candidum Didemnum candidum Didemnum candidum Didemnum candidum Savigny Didemnum candidum

Clavelina picta (Verrill, 1900); 2007-12-05 Cnemidocarpa mollis (Stimpson, 1852); 2004-12-21

FL LIS

ME-FL Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b ME-FL Weiss 1995 ME-FL Stachowicz et al. 2002, Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006, Osman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-FL Altman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-FL Franz 1989 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000, Jewett et al. 2005 ME-FL Sutherland 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977, Karlson 1975 ME-FL Cummings 1994 ME-NC Miner 1950 ME-NC Van Name 1945 ME-NC Harris & Irons 1982, Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-NC Sumner et al. 1913 ME-NC Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a, Agius 2007 ME-NC Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-NC Osman & Whitlatch 1995b ME-NC Weiss 1995 ME-NC Stachowicz et al. 1999, 2002, Altman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-NC Miner 1913 NC-FL Mook 1980, Dalby & Young 1992, 1993 SC-FL Mook 1980 ME-NY Miner 1950

Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816); 2004-12-21 Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816); 2004-12-21 Dendrodoa carnea (Rathke, 1806); 2004-12-21 Dendrodoa carnea (Rathke, 1806); 2004-12-21 Didemnum albidum (Verrill, 1871); 2004-12-21 Didemnum albidum (Verrill, 1871); 2004-12-21 Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24 Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24 Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24 Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24 Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24

MA MA ME LIS NH MA NH MA NC FL FL

ME-FL ME-FL ME-SC ME-SC ME-DE ME-DE ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL ME-FL

Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24

FL

Verrill & Smith 1874 Miner 1913 Field 1982 Miner 1950 Dijkstra & Harris 2009 Miner 1950 Harris & Irons 1982 Osman 1977, 1978 Karlson 1975 Weiss 1948 Smith et al. 1950, Mook 1980 ME-FL Weiss 1948

Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24

NH-FL

ME-FL Van Name 1945

Didemnum conchyliatum (Sluiter, 1898); 2007-12-05 Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24

FL MA

Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1813; 2005-02-24 Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002; 2009-11-28 Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002; 2009-11-28 Lissoclinum fragile (Van Name, 1902); 2007-12-05 Diplosoma glandulosum Monniot, 1983; 2009-05-12 Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25 Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25 Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25 Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25

NC NH NH FL FL NH MA CT CT

VA-FL Dalby & Young 1992 ME-FL Miner 1950, Sumner et al. 1913 ME-FL McDougall 1943 ME-NY Kott 2004 ME-NY Dijkstra & Harris 2009 VA-FL Mook 1980 FL Dalby & Young 1992 ME-FL Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-FL Agius 2007 ME-FL Stachowicz et al. 2002 ME-FL Altman & Whitlatch 2007

Didemnum candidum lutarium Van Name Didemnum candidum lutarium Van Name Didemnum conchyliatum Didemnum lutarium Van Name Didemnum lutarium Van Name Didemnum vestum sp. nov. Didemnum vexillum Diplosoma fragile Diplosoma glandulosum Diplosoma listerianum Diplosoma listerianum Diplosoma listerianum Diplosoma listerianum (MilneEdwards)

21

Diplosoma macdonaldi Diplosoma macdonaldi Herdman Diplosoma macdonaldi Herdman Diplosoma macdonaldi

Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25 Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25

MA/CT MA/CT

ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-FL Osman & Whitlatch 1995b

Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25

SC/FL

ME-FL Van Name 1945

Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25

FL

Diplosoma macdonaldi Herdman Distaplia bermudensis Van Name Distaplia bermudensis Ecteinascidia conklini Berrill Ecteinascidia tortugensis Plough & Jones Ecteinascidia turbinata Herdman Ecteinascidia turbinata

Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841); 2010-06-25

FL

ME-FL Mook 1976, 1980, 1981a, 1983, Dalby & Young 1992 ME-FL Weiss 1948

Distaplia bermudensis Van Name, 1902; 2004-12-21

NC-FL

NC-FL Van Name 1945

Distaplia bermudensis Van Name, 1902; 2004-12-21 Ecteinascidia conklini Berrill, 1932; 2007-12-05 Ecteinascidia minuta Berrill, 1932; 2007-12-05

SC FL FL

NC-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 FL Weiss 1948 FL Weiss 1948

Ecteinascidia turbinata Herdman, 1880; 2004-12-21

FL

VA-FL Weiss 1948

Ecteinascidia turbinata Herdman, 1880; 2004-12-21

FL

Eudistoma capsulatum (Van Name) Eudistoma capsulatum

Eudistoma capsulatum (Van Name, 1902); 2007-12-05

FL

VA-FL Smith et al. 1950, Dalby & Young 1992 VA-FL Weiss 1948

Eudistoma capsulatum (Van Name, 1902); 2007-12-05

FL

Eudistoma carolinense Herdmania momus Leptoclinum albidum Lissoclinum fragile (Van Name) Microcosmus exasperatus Heller Microcosmus exasperatus Heller Microcosmus exasperatus

Eudistoma carolinense Van Name, 1945; 2007-12-05 Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816); 2006-08-28 Didemnum albidum (Verrill, 1871); 2004-12-21 Lissoclinum fragile (Van Name, 1902); 2007-12-05

FL FL MA FL

VA-FL Mook 1980, Dalby & Young 1992, 1993 NC-FL Nelson et al. 1994 NC-FL Cummings 1994 ME-DE Miner 1913 VA-FL Van Name 1945

Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878; 2007-12-05

SC/FL

NC-FL Van Name 1945

Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878; 2007-12-05

FL

NC-FL Weiss 1948

Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878; 2007-12-05

FL

Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock Molgula citrina Molgula complanata Molgula manhattensis (DeKay) Molgula manhattensis (DeKay) Molgula manhattensis (Dekay) Molgula manhattensis Verrill Molgula manhattensis (Dekay)

Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock, 1848; 2004-12-21

MA

NC-FL Dalby & Young 1992, 1993, Cummings 1994 ME-MA Smith 1964

Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock, 1848; 2004-12-21

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

Canada/ MA-RI MA MA ME-Gulf of Mexico ME-FL

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

ME MA MA

Molgula manhattensis

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

MA

Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock, 1848; 2004-12-21 Molgula complanata Alder & Hancock, 1870; 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

Molgula manhattensis DeKay Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

MA MA/CT

Molgula manhattensis Molgula manhattensis

SNE-NY CT

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

Molgula manhattensis (Dekay) Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

CT

Molgula manhattensis (Dekay) Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

NY NJ DE

Molgula manhattensis Molgula manhattensis

MD VA

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

ME-MA Van Name 1945 ME-MA Agius 2007 ME-FL Osman 1978 ME-FL Van Name 1945 ME-FL Plough 1978 ME-FL Field 1982 ME-FL Verrill & Smith 1874 ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913, Parker 1924, Smith 1964 ME-FL Miner 1913, Grave 1933, Osman 1977, 1978, Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a, Agius 2007 ME-FL Miner 1950 ME-FL Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-FL Weiss 1995 ME-FL Stachowicz et al. 1999, Stachowicz et al. 2002, Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006 ME-FL Altman & Whitlatch 2007, Osman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-FL Franz 1989 ME-FL Peterson 1979 ME-FL Dean & Hurd 1980, Dean 1981, Smedes & Hurd 1981 ME-FL Cory 1967 ME-FL Calder & Brehmer 1967, Otsuka & Dauer 1982, Sagasti et al. 2000, 2001, Jewett et al. 2005

22

Molgula manhattensis

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

NC

Molgula manhattensis De Kay Molgula manhattensis (De Kay) Molgula occidentalis Traustedt Molgula occidentalis Traustedt Molgula occidentalis Molgula provisionalis Van Name Molgula provisionalis Van Name Molgula robusta (Van Name) Perophora viride Perophora viridis Verrill Perophora viridis Verrill

Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21 Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843); 2004-12-21

NC NC

Molgula occidentalis Traustedt, 1883; 2009-05-24 Molgula occidentalis Traustedt, 1883; 2009-05-24 Molgula occidentalis Traustedt, 1883; 2009-05-24 Molgula provisionalis Van Name, 1945; 2005-05-26

NC GE-FL FL ME-MA

ME-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977 ME-FL Karlson 1975, 1978 ME-FL McDougall 1943, Dean & Bellis 1975 NC-FL Miner 1950 NC-FL Plough 1978 NC-FL Dalby & Young 1992, 1993 ME-MA Plough 1978

Molgula provisionalis Van Name, 1945; 2005-05-26

ME

ME-MA Field 1982

Molgula robusta (Van Name, 1912); 2007-12-05 Perophora viridis Verrill, 1871; 2004-12-21 Perophora viridis Verrill, 1871; 2004-12-21 Perophora viridis Verrill, 1871; 2004-12-21

MA FL MA-FL MA

ME-SC MA-FL MA-FL MA-FL

Perophora viridis

Perophora viridis Verrill, 1871; 2004-12-21

MA

MA-FL

Perophora viridis

Perophora viridis Verrill, 1871; 2004-12-21

NC

MA-FL

Perophora viridis Verrill Perophora viridis

Perophora viridis Verrill, 1871; 2004-12-21 Perophora viridis Verrill, 1871; 2004-12-21

NC FL

MA-FL MA-FL

Phallusia hygomiana Trausdet Polyandrocarpa zorritensis Polyclinum constellatum Savigny Polyclinum constellatum Styela clava

Ascidia interrupta Heller, 1878; 2004-12-21 Polyandrocarpa zorritensis (Van Name 1931); 2004-12-21 Polyclinum constellatum Savigny, 1816; 2003-07-28

NC FL FL

NC-FL FL VA-FL

Polyclinum constellatum Savigny, 1816; 2003-07-28 Styela clava (Herdman, 1881); 2009-05-02

FL NH

Styela clava

Styela clava (Herdman, 1881); 2009-05-02

MA

Styela clava

Styela clava (Herdman, 1881); 2009-05-02

MA/CT

Styela clava Styela clava Styela clava (Herdman) Styela partita (Stimpson) Styela partita Styela partita (Stimpson)

Styela clava (Herdman, 1881); 2009-05-02 Styela clava (Herdman, 1881); 2009-05-02 Styela clava (Herdman, 1881); 2009-05-02 Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816); 2004-12-21 Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816); 2004-12-21 Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816); 2004-12-21

SNE-NY CT CT MA-FL MA MA

Styela partita (Stimpson) Styela partita Styela plicata (Lesueur) Styela plicata

Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816); 2004-12-21 Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816); 2004-12-21 Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823); 2004-12-21 Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823); 2004-12-21

FL FL NC-FL NC

Styela plicata (Lesueur)

Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823); 2004-12-21

NC

Styela plicata Styela plicata (Lesueur) Styela plicata

Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823); 2004-12-21 Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823); 2004-12-21 Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823); 2004-12-21

SC FL FL

Symplegma viride Herdman Symplegma viride Symplegma viride Herdman Symplegma viride

Symplegma viride Herdman, 1886; 2010-06-24 Symplegma viride Herdman, 1886; 2010-06-24 Symplegma viride Herdman, 1886; 2010-06-24 Symplegma viride Herdman, 1886; 2010-06-24

NC-FL SC FL FL

Trididemnum savignii

Trididemnum savignii (Herdman, 1886); 2007-12-05

FL

VA-FL Mook 1980 ME-NY Dijkstra et al. 2007, Dijkstra & Harris 2009 ME-NY Grosberg 1981, Osman & Whitlatch 1995a, Agius 2007 ME-NY Osman, Whitlatch & Malatesta 1992, Osman & Whitlatch 1998 ME-NY Weiss 1995 ME-NY Stachowicz et al. 2002 ME-NY Altman & Whitlatch 2007 ME-FL Van Name 1945 ME-FL Osman 1977, 1978 ME-FL Sumner et al. 1913, Miner 1950, Smith 1964 ME-FL Weiss 1948 ME-FL Dalby & Young 1992 NC-FL Van Name 1945 NC-FL Sutherland 1974, 1978, 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973, 1977, Walters 1992 NC-FL McDougall 1943, Karlson 1975, 1978 NC-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 NC-FL Weiss 1948 NC-FL Smith et al. 1950, Mook 1980, 1981a, 1983, Dalby & Young 1992, 1993, Nelson et al. 1994 NC-FL Van Name 1945 NC-FL Van Dolah et al. 1988 NC-FL Weiss 1948 NC-FL Smith et al. 1950, Mook 1976, 1980, Dalby & Young 1992, 1993 VA-FL Mook 1980, Dalby & Young 1992

Plough 1978 Mook 1981a Van Name 1945 Verrill & Smith 1874, Miner 1950, Sumner et al. 1913 Miner 1913, Osman 1977, 1978 Sutherland 1981, Sutherland & Karlson 1973 McDougall 1943 Smith et al. 1950, Mook 1976, 1980, 1983, Dalby & Young 1992 McDougall 1943 Dalby & Young 1992, 1993 Weiss 1948

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