Sep 13, 2006 - baria are prefixed by an acronym (Holmgren et al. 1990). Comments ...... Ryvarden 2000). W. novaezelandiae Rajchenb. & A.David. Auckland ...
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi onVol. Kunzea and Leptospermum New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, 44: 293–335 0028–825X/06/4403–0293 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2006
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Checklist of fungi on teatree (Kunzea and Leptospermum species) in New Zealand E. H. C. McKENZIE P. R. JOHNSTON P. K. BUCHANAN Herbarium PDD Landcare Research Private Bag 92170 Auckland 1142, New Zealand Abstract An annotated list is provided of 450 taxa of fungi (including oomycetes and myxomycetes) that have been recorded in New Zealand in close association with teatree, that is, species of Kunzea and Leptospermum. Nearly all records refer to fungi growing with K. ericoides (kanuka) or L. scoparium (manuka), as ectomycorrhizal mycobionts, endophytes, pathogens, or as saprobes causing decay of wood and leaves. The only records of fungi specific to another taxon are those of the mycorrhizal genus Pisolithus, which grows in association with K. ericoides var. microflora in the central North Island thermal areas. The list has been compiled from data associated with specimens held in the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (PDD) and in Herbarium NZFRI-M, and from the literature. Comments on the distribution of individual fungi within New Zealand, or on the occurrence of fungi on other plant substrata in New Zealand, are supported by information in the New Zealand Fungi website. Communities dominated by teatree are a widespread conservation resource, and an important habitat for New Zealand fungi, especially native species of ectomycorrhizal fungi. One hundred species of fungi have been described with teatree as the substrate for the type specimen. This figure is made up of 11 Ascomycota, 59 Agaricales, 20 Aphyllophorales, and 10 anamorphic taxa.
B06006, Online publication date 13 September 2006 Received 21 February 2006; accepted 6 June 2006
Keywords biodiversity; endophytes; mycorrhizas; pathogens; saprobes INTRODUCTION In New Zealand species of the two myrtaceous genera Kunzea and Leptospermum are known collectively by the common name of teatree, a name derived from the fact that early European settlers occasionally made infusions of tea from the aromatic leaves of Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Crowe 1997). The two genera are similar and until recently Kunzea was not recognised as a distinct genus within New Zealand. Both genera are morphologically variable and several varieties and cultivated forms have been described (Allan 1961; Harris et al. 1992; Metcalf 2000). Of the two common species, L. scoparium is a shrub up to about 4 m tall, while Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich) Joy Thomps. is more robust and grows to a height of 15 m or more. L. scoparium is also known as red teatree or manuka, and K. ericoides as white teatree or kanuka. Taxonomic work in progress indicates that both these taxa are aggregate species (P. de Lange pers. comm.). Both are important early colonisers of disturbed areas and occur throughout New Zealand. Two taxa, K. ericoides var. microflora (G.Simpson) W.Harris and K. sinclairii (Kirk) W.Harris have a restricted natural distribution: central North Island thermal areas for the former, and Great Barrier Island for the latter. Both are prostrate or straggling shrubs up to about 1 m tall. Several taxa of Kunzea are considered to be threatened including K. ericoides var. linearis (Kirk) W.Harris, K. ericoides var. microflora, K. sinclairii, and K. aff. ericoides (de Lange et al. 2004). One Australian species L. laevigatum (Gaertner) F.Muell. is sparingly naturalised (Webb et al. 1988), and others are in cultivation (Salmon 1999). Initially K. ericoides was placed in the genus Leptospermum before Thompson (1983) transferred L. ericoides to Kunzea. Thompson (1983, 1989) considered that both K. ericoides and L. scoparium are indigenous to Australia and New Zealand, which
294 is contrary to the earlier opinion (Allan 1961) that they were endemic to New Zealand. It is suggested that L. scoparium is a geologically recent arrival from Australia and that land clearance associated with human settlement provided suitable habitats for widespread and rapid dispersal within New Zealand (Thompson 1989). Stephens et al. (2005) provided a review of the biology of L. scoparium in New Zealand. Maori used L. scoparium gum for food and medicine (Riley 1994), and early European explorers and whalers used the leaves as a substitute tea infusion (Crowe 1997). Some cottage industries are today selling manuka leaves for the preparation of tea. Essential oils extracted from L. scoparium are marketed medicinally with purported antiseptic activity against bacteria and fungi, as well as aromatherapy qualities. The extracts are used in various products such as shampoo, soap, and body creams. Manuka honey has a distinctive flavour and colour, also with antibacterial activity (http://bio.waikato.ac.nz/ honey/). The wood is commonly sold as firewood and is also used for charcoal. Young stems make very good high-country shepherds’ mustering sticks (“hill-poles”) and also “sticks” for Morris dancing. Many cultivars and teatree hybrids are valued for ornamental purposes (Metcalf 2000). L. scoparium is also used as a nurse plant to facilitate native forest restoration. Mycorrhizal fungi The Myrtaceae contains well-known ectomycorrhizal genera including Eucalyptus, Kunzea, and Leptospermum, but other genera (e.g., Metrosideros) do not form ectomycorrhizas (Orlovich & Cairney 2004). Kunzea and Leptospermum form dual ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (Baylis 1962; Moyersoen & Fitter 1999; Moyersoen & Beever 2004). Baylis (1971) demonstrated that “honey-coloured sessile Endogone spores” produced mycorrhizas in L. scoparium, and plants inoculated with these spores showed a significant growth stimulus over control plants. Hall (1977) reported on three endogonaceous fungi that form endomycorrhizas with teatree in New Zealand. While arbuscular mycorrhizas are common within L. scoparium (Moyersoen & Fitter 1999), it is the ectomycorrhizas that are most evident through the production of mushroom fruit bodies. Indeed, a large number of ectomycorrhizal mushroom species have been recorded growing in association with Leptospermum and Kunzea (e.g., McNabb 1969, 1971a,b; Horak 1978, 1990; Orlovich & Cairney
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 2004). Usually the mycorrhizal association has been inferred through close and consistent association, rather than through a proved connection. A number of taxa recorded in Orlovich & Cairney (2004) are based on uncritical review of the New Zealand Fungi database and should be accepted with caution. In the following account at least 35 proven or putatively mycorrhizal fungal genera are listed. Most ectomycorrhizal fungi on teatree are “mushrooms” belonging to the Agaricales. However, some other fungi are presumptively mycorrhizal with teatree, such as species of Dingleya, Elaphomyces, Hydnum, Labyrinthomyces, and Ramaria. Two mycorrhizal agaric genera are especially well represented with 29 species of Cortinarius and 19 species of Russula associated with teatree. Sooty moulds Teatree is often host to sooty moulds, which consist of various species of saprobic ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi growing on honey dew secreted by scale insects (Hughes 1967, 1974, 1981a,b, 1993). A single sooty mould subiculum can be a very complex entity consisting of up to six individual fungal species. In addition, some of the ascomycetes may produce conidia of two or three synanamorphs, and other saprobic fungi may also grow in close association with the sooty moulds. There are at least nine genera of fungi that form sooty moulds on teatree, but Capnodium species including C. walteri appear to be the most common. Many of the sooty mould fungi also grow on other host plants in New Zealand or elsewhere in the world. The principal insects that foster sooty mould growth on teatree are the scale, Eriococcus orariensis Hoy, and other Coccidea. The combination of E. orariensis and sooty mould can lead to “manuka blight”, a condition that was very prevalent in New Zealand from the 1940s to 1960s. Although it has not been proved conclusively, it appears that the removal of plant nutrients by large populations of E. orariensis is the cause of plant death associated with manuka blight rather than the inhibition of photosynthesis by sooty mould (Hoy 1961). A dramatic decline of manuka blight scale, and its displacement by the less injurious species E. leptospermi Maskell, has occurred in a period of little more than 40 years (van Epenhuijsen et al. 2000). Endophytic fungi Johnston (1998) isolated endophytic fungi from L. scoparium and reported a different endophytic assemblage in plants growing in naturally regenerating
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum stands compared with those in planted stands. Phyllosticta sp. was the single dominant endophyte in natural stands of Leptospermum; this species was not isolated from adjoining Kunzea plants. Diploceras leptospermi, the anamorph of Discostromopsis leptospermi, was commonly isolated from symptomless leaves of both L. scoparium and K. ericoides in natural stands. This fungus is also associated with small leaf spots on L. scoparium. The most common endophytes in planted stands were species of Botryosphaeria and Alternaria, fungi found in only low levels in natural stands and considered to be opportunistic endophytes. The named fungi isolated by Johnston (1998) are listed below. However, Johnston (1998) also isolated undetermined coelomycetes and xylariaceous fungi. Parasitic fungi Several pathogenic fungi have been recorded on teatree, mainly leaf-infecting fungi. These include Discostromopsis leptospermi, associated with small, pale brown leaf spots of L. scoparium. At least two species of Mycosphaerella (distinguished by differences in ascospore size) are associated with small, round leaf spots of L. scoparium, and one with large, spindle-shaped gall-like lesions on twigs of K. ericoides. Phyllachora manuka, known only from New Zealand, is common and widespread on L. scoparium. The sooty mould genus Meliolina, which produces conspicuous, black, mainly foliicolous colonies, is found predominantly on the Myrtaceae (Hughes 1993). Three species are known in New Zealand, two on Metrosideros, and Meliolina leptospermi on K. ericoides and L. scoparium. At least two fungi, Annellospermosporella meliolinae and Malacaria meliolinae, are known as hyperparasites on Meliolina leptospermi.
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The lists Until Thompson (1983) transferred L. ericoides to Kunzea both manuka and kanuka had been treated as Leptospermum. Furthermore, the two species are not always readily distinguished in the field and published and herbarium records of fungi from these hosts often do not distinguish between them, referring only to “Leptospermum sp.” or “Leptospermum spp.”. Thus, in the following list of fungi there is often uncertainty about the host identification. In these cases the record is given as (K?/L?), implying that it could refer to K. ericoides and/or L. scoparium. The only records of fungi specific to other taxa of teatree in New Zealand are those of Moyersoen & Beever (2004) who discussed the mycorrhizal genus Pisolithus associated with K. ericoides var. microflora. Four hundred and thirteen taxa of fungi, determined at least to species level, have been recorded on teatree (Table 1). This figure includes only those species found growing in or on living wood, leaves, or roots (as parasites or endophytes), those growing and fruiting on dead teatree tissues as saprobes, or those that are confirmed or putative mycorrhizal species. Other fungal species, which have been described as “growing under teatree”, or “on the ground under teatree” are not listed in this paper. Thus, for instance, none of the many presumed non-mycorrhizal Entoloma spp. (Orlovich & Cairney 2004) that are commonly found on the ground immediately under teatree is listed since there is no evidence that any of these grow directly on litter of teatree. In addition, 37 taxa identified to only the generic level are listed. McKenzie et al. (2000) listed 776 named species of fungi and 130 unnamed species on Nothofagus, another major ectomycorrhizal genus in New Zealand. Teatree supports just
Table 1 Numbers of various fungal groups associated with Kunzea and Leptospermum in New Zealand. Group Oomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Agaricales Aphyllophorales other Basidiomycota Anamorphic fungi Myxomycota Total
Named species 1 4 65 163 125 14 35 6 413
Undetermined species 1 0 17 5 5 0 9 0 37
Genera 2 2 56 48 67 10 40 5 230
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Table 2 Fungi described from New Zealand with Kunzea ericoides or Leptospermum scoparium as the type substratum. [Host for holotype is given within square brackets — Ke = K. ericoides, Ls = L. scoparium, K?/L? = unknown, Kunzea and/or Leptospermum.] Ascomycota Chaetosphaeria pulchriseta S.Hughes, W.B.Kendr. & Shoemaker, N.Z. J. Bot. 6: 356, 1968 Cordierites acanthophora Samuels & L.M.Kohn, Sydowia 39: 203, 1987 [“1986”] Dingleya verrucosa Trappe, Mycotaxon 9: 331, 1979 Hypocrea macrospora Dingley, Trans. Proc. R. Soc. N.Z. 79: 330, 1952 Hypocrea manuka Dingley, Trans. Proc. R. Soc. N.Z. 79: 327, 1952 Labyrinthomyces phymatodeus B.C.Zhang & Minter, Syst. Ascomyc. 7: 48, 1988 (now Dingleya phymatodea) Limacinia fraserae S.Hughes, N.Z. J. Bot. 4: 352, 1966 (now Metacapnodium fraserae) Meliolina leptospermi S.Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 166: 88, 1993 Nectria manuka Dingley, Trans. Proc. R. Soc. N.Z. 79: 183, 1951 Phomatospora leptospermi Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 82: 221, 1957 (now Phyllachora manuka) Trichosphaerella tuberculata Samuels, N.Z. J. Bot. 21: 158, 1983 Basidiomycota (“Agaricales”) Astrosporina aequalis E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 741, 1978 [“1977”] Astrosporina amygdalina E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 739, 1978 [“1977”] Astrosporina leptospermi E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 744, 1978 [“1977”] Astrosporina manukanea E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 734, 1978 [“1977”] Astrosporina straminea E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 736, 1978 [“1977”] Boletus leptospermi McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 6: 170, 1968 Boletus novaezelandiae McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 6: 172, 1968 Boletus rawlingsii McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 6: 171, 1968 Camarophyllus canus E.Horak, Beih. Nova Hedw. 43: 120, 1973 Cortinarius castaneiceps E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 156, 1990 Cortinarius eutactus Soop, N.Z. J. Bot. 43: 552, 2005 Cortinarius gemmeus E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 155, 1990 Cortinarius ignotus E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 142, 1990
[Ls] indigenous, widespread elsewhere in world [K?/L?] endemic, only on teatree [Ls] endemic, ?associated with other plants [Ls] endemic, also on wood of other plants [Ls] endemic, also on Acacia, Cordyline, and Dysoxylum [K?/L?] indigenous, also in Australia [Ls] endemic, also on many other hosts including Kunzea [Ls] endemic, only on teatree [Ls] endemic, also on Cyathea [Ls] endemic, only on Leptospermum [K?/L?] endemic, only on teatree
[Ke, Ls] endemic, only with teatree [Ls] endemic, only with Leptospermum [Ls] endemic, only with Leptospermum [Ke] endemic, only with Kunzea [Ls] endemic, only with Leptospermum [Ke, Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke, Ls] endemic, only with teatree [Ls] endemic, also with Kunzea [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke, Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [K?/L?] endemic, also with Nothofagus [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum Cortinarius lubricanescens Soop, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 117: 112, 2001 Cortinarius marmoratus E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 131, 1990 Cortinarius melimyxa E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 151, 1990 Cortinarius minoscaurus Soop, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 117: 109, 2001 Cortinarius olorinatus E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 92, 1990 Cortinarius persicanus Soop, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 117: 104, 2001 Cortinarius phaeochlorus E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 148, 1990 Cortinarius pholiotellus Soop, Doc. Mycol. 28(112): 21, 1998 Cortinarius porphyrophaeus E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 137, 1990 Cortinarius viscoviridis E.Horak, Sydowia 42: 103, 1990 Dermocybe alienata E.Horak, Sydowia 40: 103, 1988 [“1987”] Dermocybe egmontiana E.Horak, Sydowia 40: 97, 1988 [“1987”] Dermocybe indotata E.Horak, Sydowia 40: 107, 1988 [“1987”] Dermocybe largofulgens E.Horak, Sydowia 40: 105, 1988 [“1987”] Dermocybe leptospermarum E.Horak, Sydowia 40: 108, 1988 [“1987”] Dermocybe splendida E.Horak, Aust J. Bot. Suppl. Ser. 10: 33, 1983 Gallacea dingleyae Castellano & R.E.Beever, N.Z. J. Bot. 32: 307, 1994 Hygrocybe cavipes E.Horak, Beih. Nova Hedw. 43: 139, 1973 Hygrocybe fuliginata E.Horak, Beih. Nova Hedw. 43: 136, 1973 Hygrophorus elsae G.Stev., Kew Bull. 16: 375, 1963 [“1962”] (now Cantharellus elsae) Hygrophoropsis coacta McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 7: 359, 1969 (now Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca) Hysterangium neotunicatum Castellano & R.E.Beever, N.Z. J. Bot. 32: 314, 1994 Hysterangium rugisporum Castellano & R.E.Beever, N.Z. J. Bot. 32: 316, 1994 Gymnomyces fuscus T.Lebel, N.Z. J. Bot. 40: 495, 2002 Inocybe mendica E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 721, 1978 [“1977”] Inocybe renispora E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 715, 1978 [“1977”] Inocybe umbrosa E.Horak, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 729, 1978 [“1977”] Laccaria ohiensis var. paraphysata McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 10: 474, 1972 Macowanites rubroluteus T.Lebel, N.Z. J. Bot. 40: 505, 2002
[K?/L?] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [K?/L?] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [K?/L?] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke, Ls] endemic, only with teatree [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree [Ke, Ls] endemic, only with teatree [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ls] endemic, only with teatree [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] indigenous, also in Austalia [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ls] indigenous, also with Nothofagus, also in Europe and North America [Ls] indigenous, only with teatree in New Zealand, also in Australia and Argentina [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree [L] endemic, also with Nothofagus [K?/L?] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke, Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus
297
298 Macowanites tapawera T.Lebel, N.Z. J. Bot. 40: 507, 2002 Porphyrellus brunneus McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 5: 539, 1967 (now Tylopilus brunneus) Porphyrellus viscidus var. macrosporus McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 5: 546, 1967 (now Mucilopilus violaceiporus) Russula acrolamellata McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 689, 1973 Russula albolutescens McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 677, 1973 Russula allochroa McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 680, 1973 Russula aucklandica McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 727, 1973 Russula griseoviridis McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 701, 1973 Russula littoralis McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 681, 1973 (now R. littorea) Russula multicystidiata McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 684, 1973 Russula papakaiensis McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 678, 1973 Russula pudorina McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 722, 1973 Russula rimosa McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 698, 1973 (now R. rimulosa) Russula subvinosa McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 725, 1973 Russula vinaceocuticulata McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 687, 1973 Secotium areolatum G.Cunn., N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. 23B: 172, 1942 (now Notholepiota areolata) Xerocomus griseoolivaceus McNabb, N.Z. J. Bot. 6: 151, 1968 Basidiomycota (“Aphyllophorales”) Aleurodiscus aberrans G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 84: 257, 1956 Aleurodiscus ochraceoflavus Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 7: 1228, 1923 Coltricia strigosa G.Cunn., N.Z. DSIR Pl. Dis. Div. Bull. 77: 4, 1948 Coniophora dimitica G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 84: 495, 1957 Corticium corniculatum G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 82: 317, 1954 (now Dendrothele corniculata) Corticium fistulatum G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 82: 292, 1954 (now Gloeocystidiellum fistulatum) Corticium leptospermi G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 82: 312, 1954 (now Phlebia leptospermi) Diplomitoporus cunninghamii P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden, N.Z. J. Bot. 36: 222, 1998
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 [Ls] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum, Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum [Ls] endemic, also with Kunzea [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum [Ke] endemic, only with Kunzea [Ls] endemic, also with Kunzea [Ke] endemic, also with Nothofagus [Ls] endemic, only with Leptospermum [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum [Ke] endemic, only with Kunzea [Ke] endemic, with Kunzea and Nothofagus [Ke] endemic, also with Leptospermum and Nothofagus [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree [K?/L?] endemic, only with teatree
[Ls] endemic, also on Pinus radiata [Ls] endemic, also on Kunzea and Coprosma [K?/L?] endemic [Ls] endemic, also on Kunzea and Pittosporum umbellatum [Ke] endemic, also on Cyathodes, Leptospermum, Nothofagus, and Metrosideros [Ls] endemic, also on Eucalyptus, Kunzea, Metrosideros, Neopanax, and Sophora [Ke] endemic, also on Podocarpus hallii and Weinmannia racemosa [Ls] indigenous, also on Kunzea and other plant species, also in Australia
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum Duportella monomitica G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 85: 98, 1957 (now Phanerochaete monomitica) Hymenochaete contiformis G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 85: 41, 1957 Hymenochaete patelliformis G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 85: 18, 1957 Odontia columellifera G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 86: 84, 1959 (now Mycoacia columellifera) Odontia subscopinella G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 86: 72, 1959 (now Hyphodontia subscopinella) Peniophora utriculosa G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83: 261, 1955 (now Hyphoderma utriculosum) Phellinus dingleyae P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden, N.Z. J. Bot. 38: 257, 2000 Poria manuka G.Cunn., N.Z. DSIR Pl. Dis. Div. Bull. 72: 38, 1947 (now Postia manuka) Ramaria junquilleovertex R.H.Petersen N.Z. DSIR Bull. 236: 106, 1988 Ramaria rotundispora R.H.Petersen N.Z. DSIR Bull. 236: 109, 1988 Solenia huia G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 81: 179, 1953 (now Stigmatolemma huia) Vararia protrusa G.Cunn., Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 82: 976, 1955 Anamorphic fungi Annellospermosporella meliolinae P.R.Johnst., N.Z. J. Bot. 37: 290, 1999 Brachysporium novaezelandiae S.Hughes, N.Z. J. Bot. 3: 29, 1965 Capnofrasera dendryphioides S.Hughes N.Z. J. Bot. 41: 141, 2003 Capnophialophora fraserae S.Hughes N.Z. J. Bot. 4: 352, 1966 (synanamorph of Metacapnodium fraserae) Chalara unicolor S.Hughes & Nag Raj, N.Z. J. Bot. 12: 121, 1974 Dactylaria leptospermi J.A.Cooper, N.Z. J. Bot. 43: 326, 2005 Endophragmiella hymenochaeticola S.Hughes, N.Z. J. Bot. 16: 329, 1978 (anamorph of Phaeotrichosphaeria hymenochaeticola) Fusichalara novaezelandiae S.Hughes & Nag Raj, N.Z. J. Bot. 11: 670, 1973 Pleurothecium leptospermi J.A.Cooper, N.Z. J. Bot. 43: 334, 2005 Seimatosporium leptospermi R.G. Bagn. & Sheridan, N.Z. J. Bot. 10: 73, 1972 (anamorph of Discostromopsis leptospermi)
[Ls] endemic, also on Kunzea and other plant species [Ls] endemic, also on Brachyglottis repanda, Kunzea, and Neomyrtus pedunculata [Ls] endemic, also on Kunzea [Ls] endemic, also on several plant species including Kunzea [Ke] endemic, also on several plant species [Ls] endemic, also on Kunzea and other hosts [Ls] endemic, also on Kunzea and other hosts [Ls] endemic, only on Leptospermum [K?/L?] endemic, only on teatree [K?/L?] endemic, also on Nothofagus truncata [Ke] endemic, only on Kunzea [Ke] endemic, also on Leptospermum and other hosts [Ls] endemic, hyperparasite on Meliolina on Leptospermum [Ls] endemic, only on Leptospermum [Ls] indigenous, widespread elsewhere in world [Ls] indigenous, also on Kunzea and many other hosts, also in Hawaii, Chile [Ls] indigenous, also on Padus avium in USSR [Ls] endemic, only on Leptospermum [Ls] endemic, also on Quintinia serrata
[Ls] endemic, only on Leptospermum [Ls] endemic, only on Leptospermum [Ls] indigenous, also on Leptospermum in Australia
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300 over half this number of species. In addition, 41% of the named fungal species that occur on teatree also occur on Nothofagus (29% of “other Basidiomycota”, 34% Ascomycota, 38% anamorphic fungi, 43% Agaricales, 46% Aphyllophorales, 50% Myxomycota, 100% Oomycota). The overlap of fungal taxa between teatree and Metrosideros spp. (also Myrtaceae, but non-ectomycorrhizal) is much lower. Only 153 named species and 56 unnamed species of fungi were recorded on the 13 endemic taxa of Metrosideros in New Zealand (McKenzie et al. 1999), and only 13% of the named species of fungi found on teatree also occur on Metrosideros (0% of “other Basidiomycota”, 2% Agaricales, 3% anamorphic fungi, 17% Myxomycota, 18% Ascomycota, 27% Aphyllophorales, 75% Glomeromycota, 100% Oomycota). One hundred species of fungi have been described with teatree as the substrate for the type specimen (Table 2). This figure is made up of 11 Ascomycota, 59 Agaricales, 20 Aphyllophorales, and 10 anamorphic taxa. Five species of fungi recorded on teatree are listed by Hitchmough (2002) as having the highest “nationally critical” conservation status: Cantharellus elsae, Dichomitus newhookii, Ramaria junquilleovertex, Russula littorea, and R. papakaiensis. Records are presented of all fungal specimens on K. ericoides, K. ericoides var. microflora, and L. scoparium from New Zealand held in the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (PDD), the Landcare Research culture collection (International Collection of Micro-organisms from Plants, ICMP), and in the fungal herbarium of Forest Research, Rotorua (NZFRI-M). Additional records of fungi on Kunzea spp. and L. scoparium have been extracted from the literature. Herbarium PDD specimens are cited by collection number (within parentheses) but without the PDD prefix; those from ICMP and other herbaria are prefixed by an acronym (Holmgren et al. 1990). Comments on the distribution of individual fungi within New Zealand, or on the occurrence of fungi on other plant substrata in New Zealand, are supported by information in the New Zealand Fungi website (http://NZFungi.LandcareResearch.co.nz). Type specimens are indicated. New Zealand distribution is assigned, where known, to geographical areas as defined by Crosby et al. (1998). The “fungi” are interpreted in a broad sense, to include members of the Oomycota (Kingdom Chromista) and Myxomycota (Kingdom Protozoa) recorded on teatree, as well as the true fungi (Kingdom Fungi). Fungal names are arranged alphabetically
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 by genus within taxonomic phyla and orders as follows: Oomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota (Agaricales; Aphyllophorales sens. lat. to include polypore, corticioid, clavarioid, and hydnoid fungi; other basidiomycetes), anamorphic fungi, Myxomycota. The Kunzea and Leptospermum species are abbreviated as follows: Ke = Kunzea ericoides; Ke var. microflora = Kunzea ericoides var. microflora; Ls = Leptospermum scoparium; K?/L? = genus ambiguous. OOMYCOTA Phytophthora de Bary Phytophthora species are well-known plant pathogens, often attacking plants at or below ground level. P. cinnamomi is an important root rot pathogen, responsible for dieback and death in various indigenous plant communities. The fungus is common in many New Zealand soils and is reported to attack a broad range of both indigenous and exotic host species. P. cinnamomi Rands Nelson (Podger & Newhook 1971 — Ls). Pythium Pringsh. Pythium species are common and widespread soil fungi, often associated with damping off and root rots of a broad range of plants. Pythium sp. was isolated from roots of L. scoparium. Pythium sp. (Robertson 1973 — Ls). GLOMEROMYCOTA Acaulospora Gerd. & Trappe A genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associating with roots of many plants. A. laevis formed mycorrhizae with several species of native and introduced plants (Hall 1977). A. laevis Gerd. & Trappe (Hall 1977 — Ke and Ls). Glomus Tul. & C.Tul. An arbuscular mycorrhizal genus associating with roots of many plants. The recorded species form mycorrhizae with a range of native plants and introduced plants. Both G. pallidum and G. tenue were described from New Zealand specimens (Hall 1977).
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum G. macrocarpum Tul. & C.Tul. (Chu-Chou & Grace 1983 — K?/L?). G. pallidum I.R.Hall (Hall 1977 — Ls). G. tenue (Greenall) I.R.Hall (Hall 1977 — Ke and Ls). ASCOMYCOTA Acrogenotheca Cif. & Bat. Sooty moulds, growing on the honeydew exudate of scale insects. A. elegans is found throughout the country in association with many kinds of trees, but rarely on teatree. A. elegans (L.R.Fraser) Cif. & Bat. Auckland (29218 — Ls). Antennulariella Woron. Sooty moulds, growing on the honeydew exudate of scale insects. There are few collections of A. concinna from New Zealand, all from north of Auckland, most associated with introduced trees. A. concinna (L.R.Fraser) S.Hughes Northland (26126 — Ls). Ascocoma H.J.Swart A parasitic, monotypic, discomycete genus. A. eucalypti was described from Australia on living leaves of Eucalyptus. In New Zealand only the anamorph (Coma circularis (Cooke & Massee) Nag Raj & W.B.Kendr.) has been found on Leptospermum. A. eucalypti (Hansf.) H.J.Swart Taupo (NZFRI-M 3211 — Ke, NZFRI-M 4369 — Ls). Asteridiella McAlpine Superficial on living leaves, the fungal colonies comprising dark hyphae with hyphopodia and dark, globose, non-setose perithecia. Many host-specialised species have been described. The genus is untreated for New Zealand, with collections from a wide range of hosts in PDD. Asteridiella sp. Buller (69446 — Ls). Bertia De Not. Saprobic microfungi. The black, rough-walled perithecia of B. moriformis form clusters on decorticated wood of a wide range of hosts. A cosmopolitan species common on a wide range of hosts throughout New Zealand.
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B. moriformis (Tode) De Not. Northland (36946 — K?/L?); Coromandel (16153 — Ls). Bionectria Speg. Microfungi forming clusters of white, dull orange to brownish perithecia on dead wood. Saprobic or mycoparasitic, often found in association with other fungi. B. ochroleuca, common on a wide range of plants in New Zealand, is found rarely on teatree. B. ochroleuca (Schwein.) Schroers & Samuels Auckland (30812, 31952 — both K?/L?). Biscogniauxia Kuntze Saprobic, white rot fungi forming large, flat, black fruiting bodies. Most commonly found on recently dead or broken branches. B. capnodes var. rumpens, very common on fallen teatree branches, is also found on several other hosts. B. capnodes var. rumpens (Cooke) Y.M.Ju & J.D.Rogers Auckland (23912, 23924, 23926, 23927, 23929, 23930 — all Ls); Coromandel (23925, 63189 — both Ke, 78206 — K?/L?); Bay of Plenty (4768 — Ls); Westland (75679 — Ls); Stewart Island (71905 — Ls). Bisporella Sacc. Saprobic on dead wood, apothecia typically with bright yellow colours. The cosmopolitan B. citrina is one of the most common discomycetes in New Zealand forests. B. claroflava is less common, but also widespread. B. citrina (Hedw.) Korf & S.E.Carp. Hawke’s Bay (19428 — Ls); Nelson (19422 — Ls); Kaikoura (34447 — Ke). B. claroflava (Grev.) Lizoň & Korf Auckland (19385 — Ls). Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. Saprobic or weakly pathogenic microfungi. Botryosphaeria spp. reported as leaf endophytes of L. scoparium. Botryosphaeria sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ls). Capnodium Mont. Sooty moulds, growing on the honeydew exudate of scale insects. Most species recorded from New Zealand are associated with scales on introduced plants. C. walteri has been found on several native
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plants. L. scoparium is very susceptible to attack, but K. ericoides is much more resistant.
discomycete found on the fallen wood of a range of hosts throughout the country.
C. walteri Sacc. (Gadgil 2005 — Ke). Northland (21232, 44791 — both Ls); Taupo (21329 — Ls).
C. torulispora (W.Phillips) Hafellner Coromandel (19413 — Ls, 19414 — Ke); Buller (43215 — K?/L?).
Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C.Tul. Saprobic microfungi, fruiting superficially on dead wood. C. novaezelandiae is an endemic species found on a wide range of substrates throughout the country. C. pulchriseta has a wide distribution around the world. It appears to be be more common on teatree than other substrates in New Zealand.
Colpoma Wallr. Microfungi saprobic on dead wood and bark. The putatively undescribed species from L. scoparium has erumpent, cylindric ascomata with an indistinct row of pale yellowish lip cells along the elongate opening slit. Similar to the other New Zealand Colpoma spp., the ascospores are elliptic rather than filiform (as is typical of the genus in the Northern Hemipshere).
C. novaezelandiae S.Hughes & Shoemaker Auckland (20400, 21762 — Ke); Wellington (73180 — Ls). C. pulchriseta S.Hughes, W.B.Kendr. & Shoemaker Auckland (26228 — holotype — Ls); Wellington (73170 — Ls). Chlorociboria Seaver ex C.S.Ramamurthi, Korf & L.R.Batra Discomycete fungi, saprobic on fallen wood, distinctive because the colonised wood is stained bluegreen. A recent monograph of the genus in New Zealand has resulted in several previously reported species being no longer accepted for the country, and the description of 13 new species (Johnston & Park 2005). C. poutoensis is known from only a few collections from the north of the country; C. pardalota is more widespread. Both species are endemic. C. pardalota P.R.Johnst. Auckland (45488 — K?/L?). C. poutoensis P.R.Johnst. Auckland (60014 — K?/L?). Coccomyces De Not. Small, immersed discomycetes, saprobic on fallen leaves. C. radiatus in common throughout the northern half of New Zealand on a wide range of hosts. It also occurs in Australia, tropical Asia, and central America. C. radiatus Sherwood Auckland (44680 — Ls). Colensoniella Hafellner Colensoniella is a genus endemic to New Zealand. The only species is a large black saprobic
Colpoma sp. Taupo (71947 — Ls). Cookeina Kuntze Operculate discomycetes widely distributed in tropical regions. C. colensoi was first described from New Zealand. Genetically extremely similar populations occur in Australia, with morphologically similar but more divergent populations in tropical Asia and central America (Weinstein et al. 2002). The apothecia are deep, cup-shaped, and pinkish orange. Often found on hard, decorticated wood with the surface completely blackened. Common in the North Island on a wide range of hosts. C. colensoi (Berk.) Seaver Coromandel (73226 — K?/L?). Cordierites Mont. A tropical genus of saprobic discomycetes with apothecia having branching stipes, or with several apothecia arising from a common stromatic base and the outer excipulum comprising a loose, mealy layer of cells. C. acanthophora, known only from northern New Zealand apparently always in association with rotting Leptospermum or Kunzea wood, may represent a distinct genus (Zhuang 1988). C. acanthophora Samuels & L.M.Kohn Auckland (46300, 46956, 46965 — holotype — all K?/L?). Coryneliospora Fitzp. Saprobic ascomycetes on dead plant material, often on fruits and flowers. Ascomata tiny, upright, with swollen basal and apical portions; spores globose, held in a mass inside the swollen apex. The undescribed species on Leptospermum is associated with
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum
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Coryneliospora sp. Buller (69289, 69291 — both Ls).
leptospermi), is associated with small, pale brown leaf spots of L. scoparium. It has been isolated from symptomless leaves of both L. scoparium and K. ericoides (Johnston 1998), and can fruit copiously on dead leaves remaining attached to broken branches.
Crocicreas Fr. Small, pale, gelatinous discomycetes, common on dead plant material throughout New Zealand. The genus has not been treated for New Zealand. The collection on teatree bark has very small, symmetrical ascospores. Several collections on the wood of other hosts have spores of similar size and shape.
D. leptospermi H.J.Swart Auckland (64136 — Ke, 63736, 63795, 64857 — all Ls); Bay of Plenty (63793 — Ls); Taranaki (25239 — Ls); Taupo (ICMP 11845 — Ls); Rangitikei (15552 — Ls); Wellington (24869 — holotype of Seimatosporium leptospermi — Ls); Westland (69738 — Ls).
Crocicreas sp. Auckland (30805 — K?/L?).
Elaphomyces Nees A distinctive world-wide genus of mycorrhizal species, with several undescribed taxa known for New Zealand. One of these, characterised by black sporocarps encased by a bright orange-red hyphal crust, is associated with K. ericoides and L. scoparium (R. E. Beever pers. comm.).
dried capsules on living branches. Although seen rarely, the plants on which it has been found are heavily infected.
Diatrype Fr. Saprobic on fallen wood, often fruiting on recently fallen branches, suggesting an endophytic biology. D. stigma occurs throughout New Zealand, most commonly found on Nothofagus. New Zealand material has not been compared critically with type and other material from the Northern Hemisphere. A study by Rappaz (1987) concluded that the name D. stigma encompassed several distinct taxa in Europe. D. stigma (Hoffm.) Fr. Auckland (18191, 18192, 32883 — all Ls); Coromandel (18190 — Ls). Dingleya Trappe A presumptive mycorrhizal genus producing hypogeous, truffle-like ascocarps. D. verrucosa is known only from New Zealand, and D. phymatodea from Tasmania and New Zealand. D. phymatodea (B.C.Zhang & Minter) Trappe, Castellano & Malajczuk Taupo (56788 — isotype, K — holotype of Labyrinthomyces phymatodea — K?/L?). D. verrucosa Trappe Northland (29712 — holotype — Ls , 55131 K?/L?), Auckland (48399 — Ls). Discostromopsis H.J.Swart Microfungi with small, immersed perithecia. Several species have been described, all from leaves of Myrtaceae and all associated with Seimatosporiumlike anamorphs. D. leptospermi, known from New Zealand only in its anamorph state (Diploceras
Elaphomyces sp. Auckland (43292, 69914, 88003 — all Ke); Coromandel (88004 — Ls, 43287 — Ke & Ls). Euantennaria Speg. Sooty moulds, growing on the honeydew exudate of scale insects. E. mucronata and E. pacifica are both very common on L. scoparium, infections sometimes so dense that leaves can be shaded, causing damage to the tree. All species are also found on a wide range of other native trees. E. caulicola S.Hughes (Hughes 1974 — DAOM 96218, DAOM 96678 — both Ls). E. mucronata (Mont.) S.Hughes (Gadgil 2005 — Ke). Northland (28514 — Ls); Auckland (20531, 28857 — both Ls); Waikato (26765 — Ls); North Canterbury (21314 — Ls); Fiordland (21301 — Ls). E. novaezelandiae S.Hughes (Hughes 1974 — DAOM 96452 — Ls); (NZFRI-M 4858). E. pacifica S.Hughes Northland (21237, 26119, 44794, 44795 — all Ls); Auckland (23640 — Ke, 20626, 21303 — both Ls); Coromandel (20411 — Ke); Taranaki (20611 — Ls); Taupo (20742, 21044, 21328 — all Ls); Kaikoura (34444 — Ke).
304 Eutypa Tul. & C.Tul. Saprobic wood-inhabiting microfungi, fruiting bodies flat, crust-like, extending extensively across substrate. The species on teatree is on fallen branches, the stroma erumpent through the covering bark to expose the slightly darkened stromatic surface, spotted with numerous, black evenly spaced ostioles. The genus has not been studied critically for New Zealand. Eutypa sp. Auckland (18189 — Ls); Coromandel (18627 — Ls); Taupo (18187 — K?/L?); Stewart Island (18188 — Ls). Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc. Saprobic wood-inhabiting microfungi, fruiting body cushion-like, erumpent, the clustered perithecia with long, collectively emergent necks. The genus has not been studied critically for New Zealand. Eutypella sp. Wellington (73294 — Ke, 73173 — Ls). Gibberella Sacc. Species of Gibberella are the teleomorph of various Fusarium species. G. pulicaris (anamorph F. sambucinum Fuckel) is a widespread soil fungus that can cause root and fruit rots, cankers, and dieback of many different plants. G. pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc. Auckland (NZFS 1582 — Ls). Glomerella Spauld. & H.Schrenk Microfungi, saprobic on dead plant material, sometimes causing diseases of leaves or twigs. Glomerella sp. reported as a leaf endophyte of L. scoparium. Glomerella sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ls). Glonium Muhl. Saprobic wood-inhabiting ascomycetes. Ascomata cylindric, erumpent, black, with an elongate opening slit, and often in large groups. The genus has not been studied critically for New Zealand. Glonium abbreviatum (Schwein.) M.L.Lohman (Hughes 1978 — DAOM 93945 — Ls). Glonium sp. Northland (48025 — K?/L?). Herpotrichia Fuckel Saprobic, wood-inhabiting microfungi, the dark, globose perithecia typically in large groups, surrounded
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 by dense mat of coarse, dark hyphae. The genus has not been studied critically for New Zealand. Herpotrichia sp. Auckland (41747 — Ls). Hypocrea Fr. Saprobes on fallen wood and the fruiting bodies of larger fungi. Many species are probably mycoparasitic. A wide range of species, common throughout New Zealand’s forests. H. atrogelatinosa Dingley Auckland (29225 — K?/L?). H. coprosma Dingley Auckland (15188, 24887 — both Ls). H. gelatinosa (Tode) Fr. Auckland (46473 — K?/L?). H. hunua Dingley Auckland (28805 — Ls). H. macrospora Dingley Auckland (10472 — holotype, 10473 — both Ls). H. manuka Dingley Northland (10450 — holotype, 10452 — both Ls); Auckland (13242 — Ls). H. pseudokoningii Samuels & Petrini Nelson (46456 — K?/L?). H. sulphurea (Schwein.) Sacc. Coromandel (16082 — Ke). H. tawa Dingley Auckland (12850 — Ls). H. vinosa Cooke Auckland (10457, 10462 — both Ls). Hypoxylon Bull. Wood rotting ascomycetes with large, stromatic fruiting bodies. H. archeri and H. moriforme are difficult to distinguish, both forming extensive sheets of perithecia held on a thin, crust-like base. H. howeanum, with a hemispherical, rust-coloured stroma, is common on Nothofagus, but rarely found on other hosts in New Zealand. H. howeanum is cosmopolitan in distribution, H. moriforme is common in tropical regions, while H. archeri is known from only Australia and New Zealand. H. archeri Berk. Auckland (4570 — Ls). H. howeanum Peck Auckland (16233 — Ls).
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum H. moriforme Henn. Auckland (20413 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (23928 — K?/L?); Marlborough (70047 — K?/L?); Mid Canterbury (21985 — Ls, 73042 — Ke). Kirschsteiniothelia D.Hawksw. Saprobic microfungi. The widespread K. incrustans is found in New Zealand on the fallen wood of several hosts. K. incrustans (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Chi Y.Chen & W.H.Hsieh Coromandel (18467 — Ke). Labyrinthomyces Boedijn A presumptive mycorrhizal genus producing hypogeous, truffle-like ascocarps. L. varius is commonly associated with Eucalyptus in Australia, and is also found in Indonesia.
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New Zealand on soil and litter under a range of plants. M. atroviolacea (Delile ex De Seynes) Brumm. Auckland (21730 — Ls, 23014 — K?/L?); Coromandel (5925 — Ke). Marthamyces Minter Discomycetes with the fruiting bodies remaining immersed in host tissue, hymenial surface with white or yellow crystalline appearance. The Leptospermuminhabiting species appears to be undescribed. Marthamyces sp. Bay of Plenty (64130 — Ls).
L. varius (Rodway) Trappe Auckland (48338, 55928 — K?/L?).
Meliolina Syd. & P.Syd. Leaf parasites, forming dense mats of dark hyphae on the surfaces of living leaves. Most species occur on leaves of Myrtaceae. M. leptospermi is an endemic species forming spots about 2–3 mm diam., common on both Leptospermum and Kunzea leaves.
Lachnum Retz. Small, hairy discomycetes on dead plant material. L. abnorme, a widespread tropical species, is common on the wood of exotic plants in human habitats in northern New Zealand, but also occurs in native forest.
M. leptospermi S.Hughes Auckland (16068, 23855 — both Ke, 16076, 63405 — both Ls); Coromandel (64751 — Ke); Waikato (DAOM 159758 — holotype — Ls); Buller (69290 — Ls); Southland (65868 — Ls); Stewart Island (69826, 69836 — both Ls).
L. abnorme (Mont.) J.H.Haines & Dumont Northland (19367 — Ls); Auckland (19366 — Ke).
Metacapnodium Speg. Sooty moulds, growing on the honeydew exudate of scale insects. M. fraserae and M. moniliforme are both common on L. scoparium, infections sometimes so dense that leaves can be shaded, causing damage to the tree. Both species are also found on a wide range of other native trees, throughout the country.
Limacinia fraserae S.Hughes. See Metacapnodium fraserae. Malacaria Syd. Hyperparasites of meliolaceous leaf pathogens. The geographically widespread M. meliolinae is known in New Zealand from Meliolina leptospermi. The hairy, black Meliolina colonies are replaced by the dense, brown hyphae of Malacaria. M. meliolinae Hansf. Auckland (16068, 23855 — both Ke, 16076, 63405 — both Ls); Coromandel (64751 — Ke); Buller (69290 — Ls); Southland (65868 — Ls); Stewart Island (69826, 69836 — both Ls). Marcelleina Brumm., Korf & Rifai Operculate discomycetes, apothecia dark in colour, sessile, ascospores globose, saprobic on soil and plant litter. M. atroviolacea is widespread in temperate regions and has been found in northern
M. fraserae (S.Hughes) S.Hughes Northland (26203 — Ke); Auckland (20519 — Ke, 21219 — holotype of Limacinia fraserae and Capnophialophora fraserae — 21574, 24322 — all Ls). M. moniliforme (L.R.Fraser) S.Hughes Northland (26130 — Ls); Auckland (26128 — Ls); Taupo (20741 — Ls). Microthelia incrustans (Ellis & Everh.) Corlett & S.Hughes. See Kirschsteiniothelia incrustans. Mycosphaerella Johanson Microfungi parasitic on leaves and sometimes stems. Many putatively undescribed species are associated with leaf-spotting diseases of native plants in
306 New Zealand. At least two species (distinguished by differences in ascospore size) are associated with small, round leaf spots of L. scoparium, and one with large, spindle-shaped gall-like lesions on twigs of K. ericoides. Mycosphaerella sp. (Northland — 63361 — Ls); Auckland (70924, 71608, 71609 — all Ke, 63358, 64219 — both Ls). Nectria (Fr.) Fr. Saprobic or plant pathogenic microfungi, typically developing in swarms of the bright orange or red perithecia. N. manuka, first described from L. scoparium wood, is common in northern New Zealand on the tree fern Cyathea. N. manuka Dingley Auckland (7490 — holotype — Ls). Nemania Gray Small, dark, Hypoxylon-like stromata, partly immersed in the host substrate. Typically associated with very rotten, soft wood. All three species reported from teatree have been found on several different hosts, from throughout the country. All are widely distributed around the world. N. caries (Schwein.) Y.M.Ju & J.D.Rogers Coromandel (70667 — Ke). N. diffusa (Sowerby) Gray Auckland (62069 — Ls); Coromandel (70658 — Ls). N. serpens (Pers.) Gray Auckland (18396 — Ls). Ohleria Fuckel Saprobic microfungi on fallen wood. O. brasiliensis is known from several hosts in northern New Zealand. Described from Brazil, it has been reported also from the USA (Samuels 1980). O. brasiliensis Starbäck Auckland (36621 — K?/L?). Ophiocapnocoma Bat. & Cif. Sooty moulds, growing on the honeydew exudate of scale insects. O. batistae is widespread in New Zealand, commonly on Nothofagus. O. phloiophilia, known only from Leptospermum in New Zealand, is common on Eucalyptus in Australia.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 O. batistae S.Hughes North Canterbury (Hughes 1967 — DAOM 106854a — Ls). O. phloiophilia (E.E.Fisher) S.Hughes Northland (44800 — Ls); Coromandel (21566 — Ls). Pezicula Tul. & C.Tul. Saprobic or endophytic discomycetes, usually orange or yellow in colour. Typically found on recently dead wood, often on branches not in direct contact with the ground. Pezicula sp. Northland (78347 — K?/L?). Phaeotrichosphaeria Sivan. Saprobic microfungi on wood, perithecia setose, often associated with the Endophragmiella anamorph. P. hymenochaeticola is known only from New Zealand. P. hymenochaeticola Sivan. Auckland (20415 — holotype of Endophragmiella hymenochaeticola — Ls). Phomatospora leptospermi Hansf. See Phyllachora manuka. Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel Leaf parasites forming tar-spot symptoms. P. manuka, known only from New Zealand, is common and widespread on Leptospermum. P. manuka P.R.Johnst. & P.F.Cannon Auckland (17247 — holotype, 63196, 63896, 64670 — all Ls); Coromandel (64838 — Ls); Wellington (70045 — Ls); North Canterbury (64827 — Ls); Southland (64826 — Ls). Plectania Fuckel Large, brown to black operculate discomycetes. Both P. campylospora and P. rhytidia are common in New Zealand, the species distinguished by differences in ascospore shape and ornamentation. P. rhytidia is commonly found near the base of teatree plants, either on soil or litter. P. campylospora is common on fallen branches of teatree as well as other hosts. However, there are consistent macroscopic differences between the collections on teatree (apothecia smaller, retaining deep cup shape at maturity) and those on other hosts (apothecia larger, become more or less flattened with maturity).
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum P. campylospora (Berk.) Nannf. Northland (6764, 58031 — both Ke, 6297, 21405, 26113 — both Ls); Auckland (24580, 69293, 74061, 76528 — all Ke, 23583, 24586, 28405 — all Ls, 29086, 43166, 45538, 63306 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (28748 — Ke, 28754, 55278 — both K?/L?); Wellington (3274 — Ke). P. rhytidia (Berk.) Nannf. & Korf Northland (26055 — K?/L?); Auckland (21702, 23842 — both Ls, 5717, 5718, 34500, 41732 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (10857, 28755 — both K?/ L?); Wairarapa (3275 — K?/L?); Wellington (455 — Ke). Pleospora Rabenh. ex Ces. & De Not. Saprobic or weakly pathogenic microfungi. Pleospora sp. reported as leaf endophyte of L. scoparium. Pleospora sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ls). Proliferodiscus J.H.Haines & Dumont Small, hairy discomycetes, typically with branching stipes. Saprobic on dead wood. P. dingleyae is common on a wide range of hosts from throughout the country. It has also been reported from China. P. dingleyae Spooner Auckland (19336 — Ke, 23846, 24729 — both Ls); Coromandel (19364 — Ke). Rutstroemia P.Karst. Inoperculate discomycetes, saprobic on dead plant material. R. macrospora, widespread in mainly tropical regions, is common throughout New Zealand on the blackened, decorticated wood of several hosts. R. macrospora (Peck) Kanouse Auckland (28370, 46250 — both Ls). Torrendiella Boud. & Torrend Discomycete fungi saprobic on wood and fallen leaves, characterised by setose apothecia. The genus is diverse in New Zealand with many undescribed, host-specialised species. There may be two species associated with Leptospermum and Kunzea in New Zealand, one on wood, the other on fallen leaves. The leaf-inhabiting species is commonly isolated from living, symptomless Kunzea leaves, less commonly from Leptospermum. Torrendiella sp. from wood Auckland (81373 — Ke); Gisborne (81374, ICMP 15538 — both Ke); Bay of Plenty (ICMP 15537 — Ke); Southland (66249, 66250 — K?/L?).
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Torrendiella sp. from leaves (Johnston 1998 — Ke and Ls). Trichosphaerella E.Bommer, M.Rousseau & Sacc. Saprobic microfungi on rotting wood, characterised in part by having setose perithecia. Samuels & Barr (1997) noted that T. tuberculata with nonsetose, noncollabent ascomata with a peculiar wide, “blistered” peridium must be excluded from the genus, although they suggested no alternative. T. tuberculata Samuels Auckland (41946 — holotype — K?/L?). Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc. Saprobic microfungi on dead wood and bark, the genus is widespread in the tropics. T. helicoma and T. scopula are common on a wide range of hosts in New Zealand. T. helicoma (W.Phillips & Plowr.) Piroz. Auckland (36627 — K?/L?). T. scopula (Cooke & Peck) M.E.Barr Auckland (46474 — K?/L?). Xylaria Hill ex Schrank Fungi with large, black, upright fruiting bodies, common on the fallen wood of many hosts throughout New Zealand, although rarely seen on Leptospermum or Kunzea. Rogers & Samuels (1987) referred a single collection from Leptospermum sp. to “X. cf. berkeleyi.” with the note that it differed from X. hypoxylon only in having papillate ostioles. A second, morphologically identical collection has since been found, again on teatree. X. cf. berkeleyi Mont. Auckland (44421, 57921 — both K?/L?). AGARICALES Agrocybe Fayod A weak pathogen or secondary invader found on both living and recently dead trees. The fruit bodies of A. parasitica are found singly or in large clusters. Widespread in New Zealand, occurring on both native and introduced dicotyledonous trees. It is probably indigenous to New Zealand, also occurring in Australia.
308 A. parasitica G.Stev. (Gadgil 2005 — Ke). Amanita Pers. An ectomycorrhizal genus. A. phalloides, an adventive species usually found under introduced trees, is known from a single collection underneath regenerating K. ericoides and L. scoparium (Ridley 1991). Although A. muscaria has been found fruiting close to teatree on at least three occasions, Pinus radiata or Quercus trees were always present as well, and there is no evidence that A. muscaria has become an invader forming mycorrhiza with teatree, as it has done with Nothofagus (Johnston & Buchanan 1998). The other species are endemic, associated with teatree and some also with Nothofagus spp. A. australis G.Stev. (Ridley 1991 — Ke and Ls) Auckland (29021, 29048 — both Ls). A. karea G.S.Ridl. (Ridley 1991 — Ke and Ls) Auckland (25037 — Ke). A. mumura G.S.Ridl. Auckland (48532 — Ls). A. nehuta G.S.Ridl. Northland (48530 — Ls); Auckland (68986 — Ke, 65866 — Ke and Ls); Dunedin (56160 — Ke). A. nothofagi G.Stev. Auckland (29836, 31983 — both Ke, 28278, 29041, 29042 — all Ls, 65978 — Ke and Ls); Nelson (Stevenson 1962 — K?/L?). A. pekeoides G.S.Ridl. Coromandel (68890 — Ke); Dunedin (56150 — Ke).
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 specific name, A. manukanea is known only from K. ericoides. A. aequalis E.Horak Auckland (32335 — holotype — Ke and Ls). A. amygdalina E.Horak Westland (27114 — holotype — Ls). A. asterospora (Quél.) Rea Auckland (30849 — Ke). A. graveolens E.Horak Nelson (27116 — Ls). A. leptospermi E.Horak Auckland (30214 — Ls); Taranaki (Horak 1978 — Ls); Fiordland (Horak 1978 — Ls); Stewart Island (27117 — holotype — Ls). A. manukanea E.Horak Nelson (27110 — holotype — Ke). A. scissa E.Horak Auckland (38237, 50115 — both K?/L?). A. straminea E.Horak Stewart Island ( 27112 — holotype — Ls). Austroboletus (Corner) Wolfe Boletes, forming ectomycorrhizae with teatree, and less frequently with Nothofagus. A. lacunosus is also known under Nothofagus in New Caledonia. A. lacunosus (Kuntze) T.W.May & A.E.Wood Auckland (25021, 25199, 25216, 25796, 25915 — all Ke, 29854, 29919 — both Ls, 28389, 29065, 40849 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (48626 — K?/L?)
A. taiepa G.S.Ridl. (Ridley 1991 — Ke and Ls).
A. niveus (G.Stev.) Wolfe Northland (25255, 25256, 25798 — all Ls, 25150, 25151 — both K?/L?); Auckland (29063 — K?/L?); Taupo (69100 — K?/L?).
Anthracophyllum Ces. A saprobic genus. A. archeri is a small mushroom that is gregarious to caespitose on fallen twigs of various trees in indigenous forests.
Boletus L. Ectomycorrhizal boletes. The three listed species are endemic, with B. leptospermi also found under Nothofagus.
A. phalloides (Fr.) Link (Ridley 1991 — Ke and Ls).
A. archeri (Berk.) Pegler Three Kings (26025, 68389 — both Ke). Astrosporina J.Schröt. Ectomycorrhizal with teatree and some species (e.g., A. scissa) also with Nothofagus. A. asterospora is a common Northern Hemisphere species that also occurs in Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. The other species are endemic. Despite the
B. leptospermi McNabb Auckland (24629 — holotype — Ke and Ls, 25022, 25085, 25173, 25219, 25653, 25664, 25752, 29057 — all Ke, 24630, 24631, 24632, 24633, 29477 — all Ls, 29058, 29839, 30818, 32312, 38328 — all K?/ L?). B. novaezelandiae McNabb Auckland (25896 — holotype — Ke and Ls).
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B. rawlingsii McNabb Northland (25264, 25265 — both Ke and Ls, 25266 — holotype — Ls); Auckland (29045, 30775 — both Ls).
Collybia (Fr.) Staude Saprobes on twigs and litter. C. cockaynei was found on roots of teatree.
Camarophyllus (Fr.) P.Kumm. Considered to be a saprobic genus by Horak (1990), but listed as mycorrhizal by Brundrett et al. (1996). Orlovich & Cairney (2004) included it as a segregate genus of Hygrophorus, which they listed as containing mycorrhizal species. The following species have been recorded in proximity of teatree, but their exact relationship is unknown.
Conchomyces Overeem Saprobic. C. bursiformis occurs on rotten wood of angiosperms in Australasia, Indonesia, and South America.
C. apricosus (E.Horak) E.Horak (Horak 1990 — K?/ L?). C. aurantiopallens E.Horak Auckland (42752 — K?/L?); Buller (27088 — Ls). C. canus E.Horak Southland (27073 — holotype — Ls). C. impurus E.Horak Auckland (27226 — Ls). C. pratensis (Pers.) P.Kumm. var. pratensis Auckland (32336 — K?/L?). C. pratensis var. gracilis E.Horak (Horak 1990 — Ls).
C. cockaynei (G.Stev.) Desjardin & E.Horak Auckland (29842 — K?/L?).
C. bursiformis (Berk.) E.Horak Auckland (56100 — Ls). Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray (including Cuphocybe R.Heim and Thaxterogaster Singer) Members of this ectomycorrhizal genus are commonly found in New Zealand under teatree and Nothofagus. Many of the species under teatree are known only from New Zealand, but some, e.g., C. australiensis and C. rotundisporus also occur in Australia, while C. cycneus is also known from South America. Some authors would place C. chrysma in the genus Dermocybe. C. alboroseus (R.Heim) Peintner, E.Horak, M.M.Moser & Vilgalys Gisborne (63167 — K?/L?).
Cantharellus Fr. A mycorrhizal genus. The two listed species are both endemic, and are found under teatree and Nothofagus. C. wellingtonensis is widespread in New Zealand. C. elsae is known from only one other collection from Westland; its conservation status is listed as nationally critical (Hitchmough 2002).
C. australiensis (Cleland & Cheel) E.Horak Auckland (41801 — Ke, 41803 — Ls, 34882, 41805 — both K?/L?); Coromandel (54593 — K?/L?); Taupo (26556, 41802 — both Ls).
C. elsae (G.Stev.) E.Horak Nelson (McNabb 1971b — K — holotype of Hygrophorus elsae — Ke).
C. chrysma Soop Fiordland (73143 — K?/L?).
C. wellingtonensis McNabb Auckland (26388, 26389, 26390, 29251 — all Ke, 29059, 29252 — both Ls, 29250, 38431 — both K?/L?); Coromandel (29253 — K?/L?). Collopus Earle Saprobes on decaying wood and litter. C. subviscosus, which was described from New Zealand and is common in the north of the country, was found on dead wood of Leptospermum. C. subviscosus (G.Stev.) E.Horak Auckland (29295 — Ls).
C. castaneiceps E.Horak Coromandel (27270 — holotype — Ke and Ls).
C. cretax Soop Otago Lakes (78766 — K?/L?). C. cycneus E.Horak Gisborne (Horak & Wood 1990 — Ls). C. epiphaeus (E.Horak) Peintner & M.M.Moser Nelson (77726 — K?/L?). C. eutactus Soop Nelson (78807 — holotype — K?/L?). C. gemmeus E.Horak Coromandel (27268 — holotype — K?/L?); Nelson (77726 — K?/L?).
310 C. ignotus E.Horak Auckland (Horak & Wood 1990 — K?/L?); Coromandel (27264 — holotype — K?/L?). C. ionomataius Soop (Soop 2005 — Ls). C. laquellus Soop (Soop 2005 — K?/L?). C. lubricanescens Soop Mid Canterbury (71006 — holotype — K?/L?). C. marmoratus E.Horak Nelson (27262 — holotype — Ls). C. melimyxa E.Horak Nelson (27267 — holotype — Ls); Fiordland (73152 — K?/L?). C. minoscaurus Soop Central Otago (71005 — holotype — K?/L?). C. olorinatus E.Horak Auckland (27255 — holotype — Ls). C. peraurantiacus Peintner & M.M.Moser Auckland (26010, 26011, 26012, 26013, 26015, 30135, 70818 — all Ke, 32399 — Ls, 6230, 30134 — both K?/L?). C. persicanus Soop Nelson (70507 — holotype — K?/L?). C. phaeochlorus E.Horak Auckland (27265 — holotype — Ke and Ls). C. pholiotellus Soop Dunedin (68470 — holotype — K?/L?). C. porphyrophaeus E.Horak Auckland (27263 — holotype — Ke and Ls). C. rotundisporus Cleland & Cheel subsp. rotundisporus Northland (Horak & Wood 1990 — K?/L?); Auckland (Horak & Wood 1990 — Ke and Ls, 30089 — Ls, 30023 — K?/L?); Taranaki (Horak & Wood 1990 — Ls); Gisborne (Horak & Wood 1990 — Ls); Wellington (Horak & Wood 1990 — Ke); Nelson (Horak & Wood 1990 — Ls); North Canterbury (78787 — K?/L?); Otago Lakes (Horak & Wood 1990 — Ke).
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 Cortinarius sp. 1 Nelson (78807 — K?/L?). Cortinarius sp. 2 Fiordland (73153 — K?/L?). Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) sp. Auckland (50128 — K?/L?). Dermocybe (Fr.) Wünsche An ectomycorrhizal genus. D. canaria and D. castaneodisca, and many other species, are also commonly found under Nothofagus. D. splendida is also known from Australia. D. alienata E.Horak Auckland (27180 — holotype — Ke, Horak 1988 — K?/L?); Gisborne (Horak 1988 — K?/L?). D. canaria E.Horak Gisborne (Horak 1988 — K?/L?); Stewart Island (Horak 1988 — Ls). D. castaneodisca E.Horak Auckland (32253 — K?/L?); Gisborne (Horak 1988 — K?/L?). D. egmontiana E.Horak Taranaki (27177 — holotype — Ls). D. indotata E.Horak Nelson (27182 — holotype — Ls). D. largofulgens E.Horak Auckland (27181 — holotype — Ke, Horak 1988 — Ls). D. leptospermarum E.Horak Nelson (Horak 1988 — Ls), Southland (27183 — holotype — Ls). D. splendida E.Horak Northland (Horak 1988 — K?/L?); Auckland (27168 — holotype — Ke, 29076 — Ls); Coromandel (Horak 1988 — K?/L?).
C. sinapicolor Cleland Auckland (29191 — K?/L?).
Dermoloma J.E.Lange ex Herink Dermoloma is listed as an ectomycorrhizal genus by Orlovich & Cairney (2004). The two species reported from New Zealand are sometimes, but not always, associated with ectomycorrhizal trees, and their mycorrhizal status remains doubtful.
C. subgemmeus Soop Mid Canterbury (Soop 2002 — K?/L?)
D. hemisphaericum (G.Stev.) E.Horak Auckland (29534 — Ls).
C. viscoviridis E.Horak Nelson (27257 — holotype — Ls).
D. murinum (G.M.Taylor & G.Stev.) E.Horak Auckland (29195 — K?/L?).
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Descolea Singer An ectomycorrhizal genus. Both D. gunnii and D. majestatica are commonly associated with Nothofagus.
G. fuscus T.Lebel Northland (55424 — Ls); Auckland (61990 — holotype — Ls, 61991); Coromandel (55426 — K?/ L?).
D. gunnii (Massee) E.Horak Auckland (78138 — Ke, 63185 — Ls, 37951, 42942 — both K?/L?); Nelson (27008, 31424 — both Ls).
G. parvisaxoides T.Lebel Gisborne (70527 — K?/L?).
D. majestatica E.Horak Dunedin (57696 — K?/L?). Favolaschia (Pat.) Pat. Small, mushroom-like basidiocarps, the lower surface with pores rather than gills, saprobic. The introduced F. calocera is found on a wide range of hosts, both native and exotic. F. calocera R.Heim Bay of Plenty (54507 — Ke). Gallacea Lloyd An Australasian genus of hypogeous or subepigeous, truffle-like fungi. All species in the genus are putatively mycorrhizal with teatree or Nothofagus. G. dingleyae Castellano & R.E.Beever Auckland (6768, 28266, 57240 — all K?/L?); Taupo (55927 — holotype, OSC — isotype — K?/L?, 65092, 65093, 65094, 65095 — all Ls). Gliophorus Herink Although listed as a mycorrhizal genus by Brundrett et al. (1996) and Orlovich & Cairney (2004), it was considered to be of uncertain mycorrhizal status by Horak (1990). Both species found associated with teatree are widely distributed in New Zealand and occur on soil and litter under a range of plant species. G. chromolimoneus (G.Stev.) E.Horak Auckland (30041, 42828 — both K?/L?). G. versicolor E.Horak Auckland (60299 — Ke, 30055, 30201 — both K?/L?). Gymnomyces Massee & Rodway A sequestrate genus forming ectomycorrhiza with Nothofagus spp., Eucalyptus, and teatree. The three species listed are widely distributed in New Zealand forming fruit bodies under Nothofagus and teatree (Lebel 2002).
G. redolens (G.Cunn.) Pfister Northland (60342 — Ls); Auckland (12334, 67193, 78662, 78663 — all Ke); Gisborne (65085, 70556 — both Ke and Ls, 78660 — K?/L?). Gymnopilus P.Karst. A saprobic genus. The species listed, which is undescribed, has been found on fallen wood of teatree and Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Gymnopilus sp. Auckland (58817 — K?/L?); Coromandel (49148 — K?/L?). Gyroporus Quél. An ectomycorrhizal genus. G. castaneus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere where it occurs in association with both coniferous and broadleaved trees. The fact that it is found in relatively undisturbed native forest, associated with teatree, suggests that it is indigenous to New Zealand. G. castaneus (Bull.) Quél. Auckland (25065, 29553 — both Ke, 25066 — Ls). Hebeloma (Fr.) P.Kumm. In New Zealand this genus is considered to form ectomycorrhizae with teatree, Nothofagus, Pinus, and Pseudotsuga spp. Both listed species were originally described from Australia. H. aminophilum R.N.Hilton & O.K.Mill. Auckland (59567 — Ke). H. victoriense A.A.Holland & Pegler Auckland (30215, 32314 — both Ke, 56097, 56098 — both K?/L?). Hygrocybe (Fr.) P.Kumm. This genus was considered to be saprobic by Horak (1990), but Brundrett et al. (1996) and Orlovich & Cairney (2004) listed it as ectomycorrhizal. Most species are widely distributed in New Zealand. H. cantharellus (Schwein.) Murrill (Horak 1990 — Ls).
312 H. cavipes E.Horak (Horak 1990 — Ke) Northland (30904 — K?/L?); Coromandel (29863 — Ls); Nelson (27082 — holotype — K?/L?). H. fuliginata E.Horak Otago Lakes (27080 — holotype — Ls). H. fuscoaurantiaca (G.Stev.) E.Horak (Horak 1990 — Ke and Ls) H. julietae (G.Stev.) E.Horak (Horak 1990 — Ls) H. lilaceolamellata (G.Stev.) E.Horak (Horak 1990 — K?/L?) H. miniata (Fr.) P.Kumm. (Horak 1990 — Ls) H. miniceps (G.Stev.) E.Horak (Horak 1990 — Ls) H. procera (G.Stev.) E.Horak Auckland (30045, 30113, 30906 — all K?/L?). Hygrophoropsis (J.Schröt.) Maire ex Martin-Sans Some members of the genus probably form ectomycorrhizae (McNabb 1969), but the genus is not listed as mycorrhizal by Orlovich & Cairney (2004). McNabb (1969) described Hygrophoropsis coacta associated with teatree and Nothofagus.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 Northland (57836, 57841 — both Ke, 57843 — Ls, 32186, 57839 — both K?/L?); Auckland (83324 — Ke, 8320, 12226, 24551, 28379, 30171, 48317, 57258 — all K?/L?), Coromandel (20042, 48315, 51927 — all K?/L?); Waikato (8318, 48320 — both K?/L?); Bay of Plenty (70529 — Ke, 62359, 62360 — both Ls, 48319 — K?/L?); Gisborne (65063 — Ke); Taupo (55923 — holotype, OSC — isotype, 55925, 55926, 65064, 65069, 65070, 65071, 65072, 65073, 65074, 65075 — all Ls, NZFRI 3301 — K?/ L?); Wellington (10842 — K?/L?); Nelson (8321 — holotype of Hysterangium tunicatum — K?/L?); Mid Canterbury (48313 — K?/L?); Otago (8322 — K?/L?). H. rugisporum Castellano & R.E.Beever Auckland (24592, 24704 — both Ke, 29233 — Ls, 62454, 62455 — both K?/L?); Coromandel (4605 — holotype, DAOM 11679 — isotype, OSC — isotype, 62456 — all K?/L?); Taupo (65101 — K?/L?). Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. Ectomycorrhizal, mainly with Nothofagus, occasionally with teatree. All species associated with teatree are probably endemic to New Zealand.
H. aurantiaca (Wulfen) Maire Taupo (25907 — holotype of Hygrophoropsis coacta — Ls); Wellington (25908 — Ls).
I. albovestita E.Horak Coromandel (45300 — K?/L?).
Hypholoma (Fr.) P.Kumm. Saprobic on wood. H. fasciculare is a widespread temperate species commonly known as sulphur tuft fungus. Both species are widely distributed in New Zealand, on dead wood of a range of plants.
I. luteobulbosa var. volvata E.Horak Auckland (66016 — Ke, Le).
H. acutum (Cooke) E.Horak Northland (32291 — K?/L?); Auckland (29857 — Ls). H. fasciculare (Huds.) P.Kumm. Auckland (25658 — Ke, 28553, 28556, 29078 — all Ls). Hysterangium Vittad. A large genus widely distributed in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres, forming ectomycorrhizae with Pinaceae, Fagaceae, and Myrtaceae. Basidiomata hypogeous to subepigeous. The listed species are putatively mycorrhizal with teatree. H. neotunicatum occurs in Australia and Argentina; H. rugisporum is restricted to New Zealand. H. neotunicatum Castellano & R.E.Beever (Hysterangium tunicatum G.Cunn., nom. nudum)
I. luteobulbosa E.Horak var. luteobulbosa Coromandel (45312 — K?/L?).
I. mendica E.Horak Gisborne (27125 — holotype — K?/L?). I. renispora E.Horak Nelson (27119 — holotype — Ke). I. umbrosa E.Horak Nelson (27131 — holotype — Ke, LS). Insiticia Earle Saprobic on wood. I. roseoflava is found on a broad range of hosts throughout New Zealand. I. roseoflava (G.Stev.) E.Horak Auckland (29289 — Ls). Laccaria Berk. & Broome A genus forming ectomycorrhizae with Kunzea, Leptospermum, Nothofagus, and various introduced tree genera. L. ohiensis is probably an introduced species, while the others are native.
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum L. glabripes McNabb Northland (30907 — K?/L?); Auckland (24521, 24555, 25956, 25957, 25958, 25959, 25961, 25962, 29388, 29393, 63183 — all Ke, 24526, 25951, 25954, 25960, 29391, 63129 — all Ls, 29965, 32295 — both K?/L?); Coromandel (32604 — Ls); Waikato (31518 — K?/L?); Taupo (29386 — Ls); South Canterbury (31517 — K?/L?). L. ohiensis (Mont.) Singer Auckland (19011, 25963, 25964, 25965, 25966, 25967, 25970, 25971, 28279, 29384, 29721 — all Ls, 24525, 30057, 32323, 34881 — all K?/L?); Taupo (50125 — K?/L?); Nelson (29724, 31537, 31538, 31539, 31540, 31541 — all Ls). L. ohiensis var. paraphysata McNabb Northland (29387 — Ls); Auckland (25968, 25972, 25973 — holotype, 64212 — all Ke, 25953, 28422, 29382, 64213 — all Ls, 31528 — K?/L?); Waikato (31527 — K?/L?); South Canterbury (31526 — K?/ L?). Lactarius Pers. Most species of Lactarius are ectomycorrhizal although a few tropical species are lignicolous. In New Zealand the genus is associated with teatree, Nothofagus spp., and exotic broadleaved trees. L. clarkeae was described from Australia where it is associated with Eucalyptus. L. sepiaceus and L. umerensis are most commonly found under Nothofagus spp. L. clarkeae Cleland var. clarkeae Northland (32177, 32234 — Ls, 32298 — K?/L?); Auckland (24941, 26374, 26375, 26376, 26377, 29563 — Ke, 29565, 30777 — Ls); Coromandel (29564 — K?/L?); Waikato (McNabb 1971 —K?/ L?); North Canterbury (31230 — Ke). L. pubescens Fr. Nelson (43496 — K?/L?). L. sepiaceus McNabb Buller (55355 — K?/L?). L. umerensis McNabb Auckland (29033 — Ls, 29034, 29969, 37950 — all K?/L?); Buller (55200 — K?/L?). Macowanites Kalchbr. A genus of truffle-like mycorrhizal fungi included in the Russulales. The three New Zealand species are all associated with Nothofagus, with two species sometimes also recorded in association with
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L. scoparium (Lebel 2002), although it is not clear whether or not Nothofagus was also in the vicinity. M. rubroluteus T.Lebel Nelson (Lebel 2002 — holotype — Ls). M. tapawera T.Lebel Nelson (Lebel 2002 — holotype — Ls), Buller (Lebel 2002). Marasmiellus Murrill The genus contains both saprobic and parasitic species. M. omphaloides, described from New Zealand, is widely distributed in this country on dead twigs and dead leaves. M. omphaloides G.Stev. Auckland (29535, 29536 — both K?/L?). Marasmius Fr. Saprobes on fallen litter and twigs. The three listed species are widespread within New Zealand; M. kanukaneus is also known from Australia. M. atrocastaneus G.Stev. Auckland (29205 — K?/L?); Taupo (28311 — K?/ L?). M. curraniae G.Stev. Auckland (29036 — Ls); Coromandel (68167 — K?/ L?). M. kanukaneus G.Stev. Auckland (29832 — Ke); Coromandel (68170 — Ls). Mucilopilus Wolfe An ectomycorrhizal genus. M. violaceiporus is widely distributed throughout New Zealand, associated with Nothofagus spp. and teatree. M. violaceiporus (G.Stev.) Wolfe Auckland (3846 — Ke, Ls, 23790, 25186 — holotype of Porphyrellus viscidus var. macrosporus McNabb, 25745, 30689, 32329 — all Ke); Taupo (28305 — K?/L?). Mycena (Pers.) Roussel Saprobes on decaying wood and litter. All species are considered indigenous to New Zealand, but some (e.g., M. cystidiosa, M. interrupta, M. parsonsii) are also found in Australia and/or South America. M. austroavenacea Singer Auckland (58734 — Ke).
314 M. austrororida Singer Auckland (29303, 29304, 29305, 29306 — all Ls, 29977 — K?/L?). M. cystidiosa (G.Stev.) E.Horak Auckland (29575 — Ls, 29574 — K?/L?). M. interrupta (Berk.) Sacc. Auckland (29300 — K?/L?). M. miriamae G.Stev. Auckland (72892 — K?/L?). M. parsonsii G.Stev. Auckland (30840 — Ke, 29274, 29276 — both Ls). M. subdebilis G.Stev. Bay of Plenty (28430 — Ke). M. ura Segedin Auckland (26019 — Ke, 28267, 29287 — both K?/L?). Nidula V.S.White The woolly bird’s nest fungus, N. candida, is a cosmopolitan saprobe common in both indigenous and plantation forest throughout New Zealand. N. candida (Peck) V.S.White Auckland (21697 — Ls, 41101 — K?/L?); Taupo (26980 — K?/L?). Notholepiota E.Horak A secotioid pouch fungus. Putatively mycorrhizal with teatree, based on its consistent association with these hosts. While the genus Notholepiota was first described as belonging to the saprobic Agaricaceae, recent DNA sequence data indicate it is a member of the Boletales, a placement consistent with its being mycorrhizal (Vellinga 2004). N. areolata (G.Cunn.) E.Horak Auckland (24842, 25157, 29921, 29924, 32138, 37750, 66012, 66497, 66498, 66499, 69834, 70816 — all Ke, 24516, 24935, 25591, 29114, 29115 — all Ls, 4595 — holotype of Secotium areolatum, 24558, 28259, 28260, 28261, 29116 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (68925 — Ls). Pisolithus Alb. & Schwein. A widely distributed genus forming ectomycorrhizal associations with a broad range of woody plants. Pisolithus is restricted in New Zealand to geothermal areas, where it associates with K. ericoides var. microflora and L. scoparium (Moyersoen & Beever
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 2004). Cunningham (1931) and Chu-Chou & Grace (1983) recognised Pisolithus tinctorius in New Zealand, but this is now regarded as a synonym of P. arhizus (Scop.:Pers.) Rauschert, a species that does not occur in New Zealand. P. albus (Cooke & Massee) Priest ex Bougher & Syme (nom. inval., Art. 33.3) Taupo (77288 — Ke var. microflora). P. marmoratus (Berk.) E.Fisch. Taupo (77289 — Ke var. microflora). Pisolithus sp. 10 (sensu Martin et al. 2002) Taupo (77286, 77287 — both Ke var. microflora); Bay of Plenty (Moyersoen & Beever 2004 — Ke var. microflora, Ls). Pleurotus (Fr.) P.Kumm. Primarily a saprobic genus, although some species may be pathogenic. P. australis is found most commonly on dead wood of teatree, but also occurs on wood of other native species. It has been found on Metrosideros in the Cook Islands. P. parsonsiae was described on fallen wood from New Zealand. It is also known on dead Cordyline and dead wood of Sophora and Eucalyptus in New Zealand, and has also been reported in India. Pleurotus sp. reported by Hood (1992) on both K. ericoides and L. scoparium is probably P. australis. P. australis (Cooke & Massee) Sacc. Auckland (25153, 59214 — Ke, 29254, 48110, 59212 —all Ls, 48127, 59210, 59211, 59213, 65955, ICMP 11571, ICMP 11572 — all K?/L?). P. parsonsiae G.Stev. Northland (61125 — Ls). Pluteus Fr. Saprobic on wood. P. readiarum, an endemic species, is widespread in New Zealand on dead wood. P. readiarum G.Stev. Taupo (28306 — Ls). Russula Pers. The listed species are all ectomycorrhizal with teatree, although some are also associated with Nothofagus. They are all endemic. The conservation status of R. littorea and R. papakaiensis has been listed as nationally critical (Hitchmough 2002). R. littorea has been recently found on soil in Taupo and Northland, while R. papakaiensis is known from only the two collections from teatree.
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum
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R. acrolamellata McNabb Northland (32192 — Ls, 32180, 32332, 32346, 42944 — all K?/L?); Auckland (68840 — Ke and Ls, 26536, 26549, 26567, 26571, 26609, 26611, 26612, 26627 — holotype, 26634, 26642, 26645, 26649, 26947 — all Ke, 29418, 29419, 29432 — all Ls, 26930, 38332, 40859, 50133 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (54313 — Ke, 55357 — K?/L?).
R. novaezelandiae McNabb Northland (32243, 32331 — both K?/L?); Auckland (26614, 26618, 26621, 26626, 26629, 26631, 26636, 26637, 26646, 26651, 26943, 29127, 29427, 31973 — all Ke, 26636, 26648, 29420, 29424, 29429, 29430, 29431, 31974 — all Ls, 29423, 29428, 40921 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (32610 — Ke, 29425, 29426, 48563 — all K?/L?); Waikato (31726 — K?/L?).
R. albolutescens McNabb Northland (32181, 32359 — both Ls); Auckland (26545, 26584 — holotype, 26588 — all Ke, 26585, 34795 — both Ls, 55285 — K?/L?).
R. papakaiensis McNabb Taupo (26605 — holotype, 26607 — both Ls).
R. allochroa McNabb Auckland (26568, 26945, 32241 — all Ke, 26937 — Ls, 32333 — K?/L?); Taupo (26539, 26598 — holotype — both Ls). R. aucklandica McNabb Auckland (26547, 26590 — holotype, 26591 — all Ke, 29433 — Ls). R. australis McNabb Mid Canterbury (31612 — Ls). R. cremeoochracea McNabb Auckland (26587, 26592, 26632, 26640, 26935 — all Ke, 30737 — K?/L?); Coromandel (55359 — K?/L?). R. griseobrunnea McNabb Auckland (26540 — Ke). R. griseoviolacea McNabb Nelson (77750 — K?/L?). R. griseoviridis McNabb Auckland (26549, 26550, 26613, 26615, 26622, 26628 — holotype, 26638, 26643, 26644, 26650, 26946 — all Ke, 29398, 80324 — both K?/L?); Coromandel (48561, 55356 — both K?/L?). R. littoralis McNabb (nom. illegit.). See R. littorea. R. littorea Pennycook Auckland (39028 — Ke, 26940 — holotype — Ls). R. macrocystidiata McNabb Auckland (26537, 26569, 26570, 26647, 32324 — all Ke, 32242, 40856 — both K?/L?). R. multicystidiata McNabb Auckland (26936 — holotype — Ke); Buller (55199 — K?/L?).
R. pudorina McNabb Auckland (26574 — holotype — Ke, 26543, 26573, 29435, 32397 — all Ls, 34873 — K?/L?). R. rimosa McNabb (nom. illeg.). See R. rimulosa. R. rimulosa Pennycook Auckland (26544, 26575, 26576, 26577 — holotype, 26578 — all Ke, 40851 — K?/L?). R. subvinosa McNabb Auckland (26546, 26586, 26633, 26641 — holotype, 29440 — all Ke); Coromandel (55358 — K?/L?). R. tricholomopsis McNabb Waikato (McNabb 1973 — K?/L?). R. vinaceocuticulata McNabb Northland (32182 — Ls); Auckland (26548, 26589, 26610, 26620 — holotype, 26623, 26630, 26944 — all Ke, 29396, 29397 — both Ls, 64246 — Ke, Ls, 29397, 34781, 34787 — all K?/L?). Schizophyllum Fr. A small genus of saprobic, wood-rotting fungi. S. commune is a common, cosmopolitan species, widespread on many woody substrates throughout New Zealand. S. commune Fr. Bay of Plenty (28433 — Ke). Scleroderma Pers. An ectomycorrhizal genus associated with teatree, Nothofagus, and introduced pines and Quercus in New Zealand. The taxonomy of the genus is confused, and it is possible that there are other species under teatree. S. albidum Pat. & Trab. Auckland (29875 — Ls). S. cepa Pers. Auckland (29111, 29112 — both K?/L?).
316 S. verrucosum (Bull.) Pers. (Chu-Chou & Grace 1983 — K?/L?). Stephanospora Pat. A small ectomycorrhizal genus with hypogeous to epigeous basidiomata. S. flava was described from Australia. In New Zealand it is common in Agathis-broadleaf and podocarp-broadleaf forest and occasionally in teatree forest. Its mycorrhizal status is uncertain, but it is often found in the absence of known ectomycorrhizal hosts.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 66020 — all Ke, 3848, 3895, 23605, 25257, 26810, 29128, 29472 — all Ls, 29129, 29920, 30739, 30784, 32360, 34746 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (48564 — K?/L?). Xerocomus Quél. Ectomycorrhizal. Both species associated with teatree are endemic. X. griseoolivaceus is known only from Auckland, while X. rufostipitatus is also recorded from Buller associated with Nothofagus.
S. flava (Rodway) G.W.Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K.Young Auckland (24706 — Ke, 24591 — K?/L?).
X. griseoolivaceus McNabb Auckland (25166 — Ke, 25165 — holotype, 32146, 55282 — all K?/L?).
Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude An ectomycorrhizal genus, forming associations with teatree, Nothofagus, and introduced trees. T. saponaceum var. squamosum was described from UK, while T. viridiolivaceum is an endemic species widespread in New Zealand.
X. rufostipitatus McNabb Auckland (34871 — K?/L?).
T. saponaceum var. squamosum (Cooke) Rea Coromandel (63181 — Ls). T. viridiolivaceum G.Stev. Auckland (29124, 29125, 30004 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (29126 — K?/L?). Tricholomopsis Singer Saprobic. T. rutilans is possibly an introduced species found on bark and roots of dead standing teatree. It is also known as a saprobe on exotic trees in New Zealand. T. rutilans (Schaeff.) Singer Auckland (34860 — K?/L?); Bay of Plenty (78235 — Ke). Tylopilus P.Karst. Ectomycorrhizal. Both species are widespread in New Zealand and common under teatree and Nothofagus. T. brunneus (McNabb) Wolfe Northland (25263 — Ls); Auckland (24694, 24695, 24696 — holotype of Porphyrellus brunneus, 24697, 24698, 25018, 25023, 25038, 25171, 25217, 25218, 25259, 25260, 25261, 25262, 25483, 25746, 25748 — all Ke, 25268, 29109 — both Ls); Marlborough (25738 — Ke). T. formosus G.Stev. Auckland (23603, 25206, 25220, 25258, 25665, 25749, 25750, 25751, 25794, 25795, 30841, 31067,
APHYLLOPHORALES Acanthophysium candidum (Schwein.) G.Cunn. See Dendrothele candida. Aleurodiscus Rabenh. ex J.Schröt. Corticioid fungi with cup-shaped basidiocarps, sometimes adjacent ones coalescing. Saprobic on dead wood. A. parmuliformis is found on a wide range of hosts from throughout the country; A. aberrans and A. ochraceoflavus occur rarely on hosts other than teatree. A. aberrans G.Cunn. Auckland (15236 — Ls); Coromandel (15237 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (15238 — holotype — Ls); Taupo (3726, 11435, 15664, 17023 — all Ls) A. ochraceoflavus Lloyd Three Kings (10581, 11398, 68392 — all Ke); Northland (7203, 14649, 14653, 58410 — all Ke, 14651, 30223 — both Ls, 42038 — K?/L?); Auckland (7990, 11333, 12622, 14650, 14657, 66305 — all Ke, 11211, 11327, 14652, 14655, 14656, 28118 — all Ls); Coromandel (16964 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (14659 — Ls); Taupo (14658, 17046 — both Ke, 4097, 7451, 12641, 14654 — all Ls); Wairarapa (3357 — Ls); Wellington (17073 — Ke, 630 — holotype, 1221 — both Ls); Nelson (12373 — Ls). A. parmuliformis G.Cunn. Bay of Plenty (16854 — Ls); Taupo (4950, 17058 — both Ke). Amyloathelia Hjortstam & Ryvarden Crust fungi saprobic on dead wood. The genus is characterised by the thick-walled, amyloid spores.
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum A. amylacea is a cosmopolitan species found on a wide range of hosts in New Zealand. A. amylacea (Bourdot & Galzin) Hjortstam & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium vallum) Coromandel (16973 — Ke). Amylostereum sacratum (G.Cunn.) Burds. See Gloeocystidiellum sacratum. Antrodia P.Karst. Polypore fungi forming resupinate or bracket-shaped basidiocarps, associated with a brown rot. All three species are found on exotic as well as native hosts. A. albida (Fr.) Donk Westland (NZFRI-M 1720 — Ls). A. malicola (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Donk (Cunningham 1965 — as Osmoporus proteus) Northland (6549 — Ls). A. serialis (Fr.) Donk Auckland (58395 — K?/L?). Antrodiella Ryvarden & I.Johans. Polypore fungi forming bracket to crust-like basidiocarps, causing a white rot of dead wood. A. citrea is found on several different hosts in the north of New Zealand, while A. zonata is common on a broad range of hosts, both native and exotic. A. citrea (Berk.) Ryvarden Northland (6586 — Ls); Auckland (28456 — Ls); Coromandel (6588 — Ke). A. zonata (Berk.) Ryvarden Northland (NZFRI-M 1399 — Ls). Bjerkandera P.Karst. Polypore fungi found on dead wood of many native and exotic hosts in New Zealand, forming a white rot. B. adusta is found on a wide range of hosts from throughout the country. B. adusta (Willd.) P.Karst. (Cunningham 1965 — as Gloeoporus crispus) Auckland (6512 — Ke). Boidinia Stalpers & Hjortstam White to creamy crust fungi with smooth fertile surface, saprobic on dead plant material. B. crystallitecta is an endemic species found on dead wood and fern fronds. B. crystallitecta (G.Cunn.) Sheng H.Wu & P.K.Buchanan (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium crystallitectum) Auckland (17037 — Ls).
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Botryobasidium Donk Corticioid fungi forming thin, reticulate or porose fruiting bodies on fallen wood. The cosmopolitan B. subcoronatum has been recorded from several native hosts. B. vagum has been found in the northern half of the North Island on a wide range of native hosts as well as Pinus radiata. The collections from New Zealand that are referred to this species need to be compared with authentic material. B. subcoronatum (Höhn. & Litsch.) Donk Taupo (14075 — Ke). B. vagum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) D.P.Rogers (Cunningham 1963 — as Pellicularia vaga) Auckland (25619 — Ke); Taupo (15684 — Ke). Ceraceomyces Jülich Corticioid fungi on fallen wood. C. cerebrosus is found throughout the country on a wide range of hosts. C. cerebrosus (G.Cunn.) Stalpers & P.K.Buchanan (Cunningham 1963 — as Peniophora cerebrosa) Auckland (13811 — Ke, 15686 — Ls). Ceriporia Donk Polypore fungi forming crust-like basidiocarps on dead wood, causing a white rot. C. spissa has been recorded from a wide range of hosts from throughout the country, but material from New Zealand that is referred to this species may include more than one species of Ceriporia. C. spissa (Schwein.) Rajchenb. (Cunningham 1965 — as Poria spissa) Auckland (58352 — K?/L?); Taupo (15525 — Ke). Ceriporiopsis Domański Polypore fungi forming crust-like basidiocarps on dead wood, causing a white rot. C. merulinus, found on a wide range of native hosts throughout the country, is distinctive with an apricot or reddish pore surface. C. merulinus (Berk.) Rajchenb. Southland (53814 — K?/L?). Chaetoporus euporus sensu G.Cunn. See Junghuhnia meridionalis. Chaetoporus novaezelandiae (G.Cunn.) G.Cunn. See Skeletocutis novaezelandiae.
318 Chondrostereum Pouzar Corticioid fungi causing a white rot, with crust-like basidiocarps, often with a shelf-like margin. C. vesiculosum occurs on a wide range of native hosts, as well as the exotic Pinus radiata. C. vesiculosum (G.Cunn.) Stalpers & P.K.Buchanan (Cunningham 1963 — as Peniophora vesiculosa) Auckland (11334 — Ke, 5560 — Ls). Coltricia Gray Polypore fungi with brown, stipitate fruiting bodies, either on soil or on well-rotted wood. Ecologically, the extralimital type species C. perennis is both a wood decomposer and facultatively mycorrhizal (Danielson 1984). Other species in the genus may have similar habit (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993) although the ecology of New Zealand species is unknown. The cosmopolitan C. cinnamomea has been recorded in this country mainly on soil under native hosts including Nothofagus and teatree, less often on wood. C. strigosa appears to be endemic and is known from only three collections, two from under teatree. There are also three undetermined specimens of Coltricia sp., two recorded under and one on teatree. C. cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murrill (Cunningham 1965 — as C. oblectans) Northland (NZFRI-M 1088 — Ls), Coromandel (20273 — Ke), Bay of Plenty (28414 — Ke), Taupo (24567 — Ke, 26790 — Ls), no location (70892 — K?/L?). C. oblectans (Berk.) G.Cunn. See C. cinnamomea. C. strigosa G.Cunn. Coromandel (4417 — holotype — K?/L?), Auckland (24510 — K?/L?). Coltricia sp. (Auckland — 6469, 69324, 69900 — all K?/L?). Coniophora DC. Corticioid fungi on dead wood. C. arida var. suffocata is known from both native and exotic hosts. C. dimitica is known only from the north of the country, and is rarely found on hosts other than teatree.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 C. dimitica G.Cunn. Auckland (15644, 25034 — both Ke, 5541 — holotype, 15645, 17056 — all Ls). Corticium Pers. Corticioid fungi on wood. This genus is now used in a very restricted sense and most New Zealand material recorded in Corticium needs reassignment to other genera. Numerous collections from a wide range of hosts have been referred to C. scutellare, but they have spores larger than typical for this species. C. scutellare in the strict sense is now placed in the genus Athelia. New Zealand specimens identified as C. lividum by Cunningham do not match European descriptions of this species (e.g., Hallenberg & Larsson 1993) and the identity of the New Zealand taxon is uncertain. C. ampullosporum G.Cunn. See Dendrothele sp. C. bullatum G.Cunn. See Phlebia sp. C. confluens (Fr.) Fr. See Radulomyces confluens. C. contiguum P.Karst. See Intextomyces contiguus. C. corniculatum G.Cunn. See Dendrothele corniculata. C. crystallitectum G.Cunn. See Boidinia crystallitecta. C. fistulatum G.Cunn. See Gloeocystidiellum fistulatum. C. leptospermi G.Cunn. See Phlebia leptospermi. C. litschaueri Burt. See Hyphoderma litschaueri. C. lividum sensu G.Cunn. Northland (17260 — Ls); Auckland (11860 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (4395 — Ls). C. patricium G.Cunn. See Hyphoderma assimile. C. polyporoideum Berk. & M.A.Curtis. See Ramaricium polyporoideum.
C. arida var. suffocata (Peck) Ginns (Cunningham 1963 — as Coniophora betulae) Northland (17152 — Ls).
C. scutellare sensu G.Cunn. Northland (7381 — Ls); Auckland (5360, 12480, 12639, 14219 — all Ke, 4429, 4568, 5340, 5815, 7420, 7892, 12943, 14159, 16999, 17087 — all Ls); Coromandel (13781 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (12707 — Ls); Taupo (11264, 12448 — both Ke, 12544, 14109 — both Ls).
C. betulae P.Karst. See Coniophora arida var. suffocata.
C. tulasnelloideum Höhn. & Litsch. See Phlebiella tulasnelloidea.
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum C. vallum sensu G.Cunn. See Amyloathelia amylacea. Cyclomyces Kunze Polypore fungi with thin, imbricate, bracket-like fruiting bodies on fallen wood. Causing a white rot. C. tabacinus is common on a range of native and exotic hosts. C. tabacinus (Mont.) Pat. Auckland (4512, 13308, 20591 — all Ke, 5789, 6449, 15505, 17381 — all Ls); Wellington (17252 — Ke). Datronia Donk Polypore fungi with resupinate to pileate fruiting bodies, associated with white rot of fallen wood. D. scutellata is found on a wide range of native hosts as well as the exotic Crataegus oxyacantha. D. scutellata (Schwein.) Gilb. & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Trametes scutellata) Kaikoura (34448 — Ke). Deflexula Corner Saprobic on dead wood, fruiting bodies narrow, smooth, tapering, pendulous. D. fascicularis has been also found on Dysoxylon in the north of the country. D. fascicularis (Bres. & Pat.) Corner Auckland (29568 — K?/L?). Dendrothele Höhn. & Litsch. Corticioid fungi on fallen wood. D. corniculata is especially common on teatree, D. candida and the Dendrothele sp. are found on a wide range of native hosts. D. candida (Schwein.) P.A.Lemke (Cunningham 1963 — as Acanthophysium candidum) Auckland (17040 — Ls).
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Three Kings (11386 — Ke); Auckland (11429, 12633 — both Ke); Coromandel (16977 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (16867, 17129 — both Ke). Dichomitus D.A.Reid Polypore fungi forming a thin crust on dead wood, causing a white rot. D. leucoplacus occurs on a wide range of both native and exotic hosts. The endemic D. newhookii is known from only two collections from northern New Zealand; its conservation status is listed as nationally critical (Hitchmough 2002). D. leucoplacus (Berk.) Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Poria leucoplaca) Northland (NZFRI-M 1803, NZFRI-M 1805, NZFRI-M 1807 — all Ls); Auckland (6425 — Ke, 5975, 6723, 7763, 7765, 13313, 17380 — all Ls); Bay of Plenty (17364 — Ke, 11055 — Ls). D. newhookii P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden Three Kings (17483 — Ke). Dichostereum Pilát Corticioid fungi on fallen wood. D. rhodosporum occurs on a wide range of native plants. D. rhodosporum (Wakef.) Boidin & Lanq. (Cunningham 1963 — as Vararia rhodospora) Auckland (4433 — Ls). Diplomitoporus Domański Polypore fungi with resupinate to reflexed fruiting bodies, causing a white rot on dead wood. D. cunninghamii is found on a wide range of native hosts in northern New Zealand. D. cunninghamii P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Tyromyces mollis) Three Kings (11360, 11378 — both Ke); Northland (66284 — Ke, 62085 — holotype — Ls); Waikato (17267 — Ke).
D. corniculata (G.Cunn.) Stalpers (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium corniculatum) Northland (7400 — Ke); Auckland (11213, 11241, 11337, 11339 — holotype of Corticium corniculatum, 11340, 12459, 12481, 12492, 12953, 15647 — all Ke, 5543, 7383, 11338, 14218, 15646, 16974, 17001, 17470 — all Ls); Coromandel (16961 — Ke, 13779, 13780 — both Ls); Waikato (11313 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (17664 — Ke, 7669, 14213 — both Ls); Taupo (12835 — Ke).
Fuscoporia cryptacantha (Mont.) G.Cunn. See Phellinus cryptacanthus.
Dendrothele sp. (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium ampullosporum G.Cunn., fide Stalpers 1985)
Fuscoporia ferrea (Pers.) G.Cunn. See Phellinus ferreus.
Duportella fulva (Lév.) G.Cunn. See Porostereum fulvum. Duportella monomitica G.Cunn. See Phanerochaete monomitica. Elfvingia mastopora sensu G.Cunn. See Ganoderma cf. applanatum.
320 Fuscoporia punctata (P.Karst.) G.Cunn. See Phellinus punctatus. Ganoderma P.Karst. Polypore fungi forming large bracket-shaped, perennial fruiting bodies on dead or sometimes living wood. Causing a white rot. G. cf. applanatum, common throughout the country on a wide range of hosts, is an undescribed species closely related to G. applanatum. G. cf. applanatum Wakef. (Cunningham 1965 — as Elfvingia mastopora) Coromandel (5950, 55154 — both Ke). G. mastoporum sensu auct. NZ. See Ganoderma cf. applanatum. Gloeocystidiellum Donk Corticioid fungi forming thin cream to pale yellow crusts on dead wood. G. fistulatum and G. sacratum are both common in New Zealand on a wide range of hosts, with the latter causing root and stem cankers, as well as wood decay. G. fistulatum (G.Cunn.) Boidin (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium fistulatum) Auckland (12522 — Ke, 4562 — holotype of Corticium fistulatum, 12548, 13740, 14085 — all Ls). G. sacratum (G.Cunn.) Stalpers & P.K.Buchanan (Cunningham 1963 — as Peniophora sacrata) Northland (24044, NZFRI-M 1438, NZFRI-M1441 — all Ls); Auckland (11844 — Ke, 13821, 14099 — both Ls); Waikato (11845 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (24043, NZFRI-M 1440 — both Ls); Taupo (NZFRIM 1458 — Ls); Wellington (17075 — Ke); North Canterbury (NZFRI-M 1460 — Ls). Gloeoporus Mont. Polypore with crust-like or bracket-shaped fruiting bodies. Causing a white rot. G. dichrous is common on a wide range of native and exotic hosts throughout New Zealand. G. crispus (Pers.) G.Cunn. See Bjerkandera adusta. G. dichrous (Fr.) Bres. (Cunningham 1965 — as Gloeoporus thelephoroides) Three Kings (11359, 17482, 68418 — all Ke); Northland (6534, 66857, 66858 — all Ke); Auckland (5977 — Ke, 57432 — K?/L?); Coromandel (6009, 6010, 17303 — all Ke, 47807 — K?/L?). G. thelephoroides sensu G.Cunn. See Gloeoporus dichrous.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 Hjortstamia Boidin & Gilles Corticioid fungi on dead wood, basidiocarps resupinate with narrow, reflexed margin. H. crassa is common on a wide range of native and exotic hosts. H. crassa (Lév.) Boidin & Gilles (Cunningham 1963 — as Lopharia crassa) Auckland (12938 — Ls); Coromandel (5927, 13803 — both Ls). Hydnum L. Mycorrhizal in association with teatree and Nothofagus. Fruit bodies fleshy with a central to excentric stalk, and with teeth on the underside of the cap. H. crocidens var. crocidens and H. crocidens var. badium are both found under teatree, while H. crocidens var. wellingtonii is associated with Nothofagus. McNabb (1971b) disagreed with the synonymy proposed by Maas Geesteranus (1964), who placed H. crocidens in synonymy with H. repandum. H. crocidens Cooke var. crocidens Northland (58412, 62091 — both K?/L?); Auckland (25916, 48128 — both Ke, 25250, 25277 — both Ls, 5586, 30847, 60295 — all K?/L?); Coromandel (45310 — K?/L?). H. crocidens var. badium McNabb Auckland (24519 — Ls, 40850 — K?/L?). Hymenochaete Lév. Corticioid fungi forming brown, crust-like fruiting bodies on dead wood, causing a white rot. H. contiformis, H. patelliformis, and H. separata are found primarily on either Kunzea or Leptospermum, H. minuscula from the teatree species plus another member of the Myrtaceae, Metrosideros. The other species listed are all found from a wide range of hosts, with H. cruenta, H. rhabarbarina, H. vallata, and H. villosa apparently confined to the northern half of the country. H. contiformis G.Cunn. Three Kings (11355, 16606 — both Ke); Bay of Plenty (16604 — holotype — Ls). H. corrugata (Fr.) Lév. Auckland (17068 — Ls). H. cruenta (Pers.) Donk Auckland (4194, 4688 — both Ls). H. dissimilis G.Cunn. Auckland (16584 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (16642 — Ke). H. floridea sensu G.Cunn. See H. plurimaesetae.
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum
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H. minuscula G.Cunn. Three Kings (16602 — Ke); Auckland (7443 — Ls).
smooth surface broken into cuboidal segments. All are found on a wide range of native hosts throughout the country.
H. mougeotii (Fr.) Cooke. See H. cruenta.
H. arguta (Fr.) J.Erikss. (Cunningham 1959 — as Odontia arguta) Three Kings (11397, 15683 — both Ke); Coromandel (17761 — Ke).
H. patelliformis G.Cunn. Three Kings (16635 — Ke); Northland (5831 — Ke); Auckland (4428 — Ke, 7428, 16536, 16636, 17053 — all Ls); Coromandel (16969 — Ke); Wellington (16535 — holotype, 17051, 17052 — all Ke). H. plurimaesetae G.Cunn. (Cunningham 1963 — also as H. floridea) Three Kings (10580, 16579 — Ke); Auckland (4626 — Ls); Coromandel (5914 — Ke); Taupo (16539 — Ls); Stewart Island (16569 — Ls). H. rhabarbarina (Berk.) Cooke Auckland (18431 — Ke); Coromandel (16962 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (16651, 16652 — both Ke). H. separata G.Cunn. Three Kings (11395 — Ls); Northland (16629 — Ls). H. vallata G.Cunn. Auckland (16528 — Ls); Taupo (12597 — Ls). H. villosa (Lév.) Bres. Northland (5819 — Ke, 16524 — Ls); Auckland (7150, 7151, 14462 — all Ke, 17072 — Ls); Coromandel (5892, 14463 — both Ke). Hyphoderma Wallr. Corticioid fungi on fallen wood. All three species found on teatree occur throughout the country on a wide range of native hosts. H. assimile (H.S.Jacks. & Dearden) Donk (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium patricium) Taupo (12515 — Ke).
H. australis (Berk.) Hjortstam Northland (23703 — Ls); Auckland (23695, 23696, 23697, 23698 — all Ke, 23704, 23705, NZFRI-M 1359 — all Ls). H. lanata Burds. & Nakasone (Cunningham 1959 — as Odontia vesiculosa, nom. illegit.) Auckland (18116 — Ls). H. subscopinella (G.Cunn.) Greslebin & Rajchenb. (Cunningham 1959 — as Odontia subscopinella) Auckland (17991, 18026 — both Ke); Taupo (17992 — holotype of Odontia subscopinella — Ke). Inonotus P.Karst. Polypore fungi with small, brown, bracket-shaped fruiting bodies, causing a white rot of dead wood. I. glomeratus sensu G.Cunn. may represent I. rodwayi (Buchanan & Ryvarden 2000). Known from a small number of collections from northern New Zealand. I. glomeratus sensu G.Cunn. Coromandel (6102, 6104 — both Ke). I. tabacinus (Mont.) G.Cunn. See Cyclomyces tabacinus. Intextomyces J.Erikss. & Ryvarden Corticioid fungus on dead wood. I. contiguus is known from a small number of collections from the north of the country.
H. litschaueri (Burt) J.Erikss. & Å.Strid (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium litschaueri) Auckland (12948 — Ls).
I. contiguus (P.Karst.) J.Erikss. & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium contiguum) Bay of Plenty (12706 — Ls).
H. utriculosum (G.Cunn.) Stalpers & P.K.Buchanan (Cunningham 1963 — as Peniophora utriculosa) Auckland (7355 — Ke, 7348 — holotype of Peniophora utriculosa, 7891, 11366, 14162 — all Ls); Coromandel (5909 — Ke); Stewart Island (13692 — Ls).
Junghuhnia Corda Polypore fungi with crust-like to pileate basidiocarps, causing a white rot of fallen wood. All three species found on teatree occur on a wide range of both native and exotic hosts.
Hyphodontia J.Erikss. Corticioid fungi causing a white rot. Three of the New Zealand species listed below have fruiting bodies with fine spines, H. australis has a more or less
J. brownii (Humb.) Niemelä Auckland (75320 — Ke); Coromandel (50485 — Ke). J. meridionalis (Rajchenb.) Rajchenb. (Cunningham 1965 — as Chaetoporus euporus)
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Coromandel (15518 — Ls); Wellington (NZFRI-M 1781 — Ls).
O. columellifera G.Cunn. See Mycoacia columellifera.
J. rhinocephalus (Berk.) Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Metuloidea tawa) Bay of Plenty (7704 — Ls).
O. fimbriata Pers. See Steccherinum fimbriatum.
Litschauerella Oberw. Corticioid fungi on dead wood, all with large cystidia visible on the surface with a hand lens. The endemic L. gladiola has been found on several native hosts from the north of the country. L. gladiola (G.Cunn.) Stalpers & P.K.Buchanan (Cunningham 1963 — as Tubulicrinis gladiolus) Wellington (17080 — Ke). Lopharia crassa (Lév.) Boidin. See Hjortstamia crassa. Loweporus J.E.Wright Resupinate polypores, sometimes with effused-reflexed margin. L. roseoalbus has a pinkish or violaceous pore surface, found on a wide range of native hosts, with one collection on the exotic Larix. L. roseoalbus (Jungh.) Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Phellinus endapalus) Wellington (17363 — Ke). Merulius nothofagi G.Cunn. See Phlebia rufa. Metuloidea tawa (G.Cunn.) G.Cunn. See Junghuhnia rhinocephalus.
O. stratosa G.Cunn. Auckland (18050 — Ke); Coromandel (18049 — Ke). O. subscopinella G.Cunn. See Hyphodontia subscopinella. O. vesiculosa G.Cunn. (nom. illegit.). See Hyphodontia lanata. Osmoporus proteus sensu G.Cunn. See Antrodia malicola. Pellicularia subcoronata (Höhn. & Litsch.) D.P.Rogers. See Botryobasidium subcoronatum. P. vaga (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) D.P.Rogers ex Linder. See Botryobasidium vagum. Peniophora Cooke Corticioid fungi on wood, forming effused, waxy to leathery, brightly coloured fruiting bodies. All the species reported from teatree are also known from a wide range of other hosts, mostly native. P. lycii has been found also on several exotic hosts. P. cerebrosa G.Cunn. See Ceraceomyces cerebrosus. P. cinerea (Pers.) Cooke Northland (17151, NZFRI-M 1426 — both Ls); Auckland (11201 — Ke, 13502 — Ls); Coromandel (7859 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (13501 — Ls); Stewart Island (13505 — Ls).
Mycoacia Donk Corticioid fungi, characterised by the hymenial surface being coarsely toothed. Causing a white rot. M. columellifera is found throughout the country on a wide range of hosts.
P. cremea (Bres.) Sacc. & P.Syd. See Phanerochaete sordida.
M. columellifera (G.Cunn.) Hjortstam (Cunningham 1959 — as Odontia columellifera) Auckland (4393 — Ke, 18095, 18099 — holotype of Odontia columellifera — both Ls).
P. lycii (Pers.) Höhn. & Litsch. Auckland (13744, 17085 — both Ls).
Odontia Gray Corticioid fungi on wood, the fertile surface with teeth or spines. Most New Zealand species placed in this genus have been transferred to other genera. O. stratosa, still to be critically re-examined, has been reported on a wide range of native hosts.
P. crustosa Cooke Auckland (7193 — Ls).
P. nuda (Fr.) Bres. Auckland (13793 — Ls). P. sacrata G.Cunn. See Gloeocystidiellum sacratum. P. umbracula G.Cunn. See Tubulicrinis umbraculus.
O. arguta (Fr.) Quél. See Hyphodontia arguta.
P. utriculosa G.Cunn. See Hyphoderma utriculosum.
O. calcarea (Cooke & Massee) G.Cunn. See Pseudolagarobasidium calcareum.
P. vesiculosa G.Cunn. See Chondrostereum vesiculosum.
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum Perenniporia Murrill Polypore fungi on wood, forming resupinate to pileate fruiting bodies, associated with a white rot. Both species from teatree are found on a wide range of native hosts from throughout the country. P. ochroleuca has been found also on the exotic genera Eucalyptus and Albizzia. P. ochroleuca (Berk.) Ryvarden Auckland (57455 — Ke). P. oviformis G.Cunn. ex P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Tyromyces oviformis) Auckland (13431 — Ke, 15535 — Ls). Phanerochaete P.Karst. Corticioid fungi on wood. Both species from teatree are known also from a wide range of other hosts, including several exotic species. P. monomitica (G.Cunn.) Sheng H.Wu & Popoff (Cunningham 1963 — as Duportella monomitica) Three Kings (11385, 15650 — both Ke); Northland (5828 — Ke, 16697 — Ls); Auckland (4397, 12485, 12489, 12874, 14349 — all Ke, 4445, 4632, 6919, 6926, 7978, 7979, 11237, 11323, 11545, 11546, 16698, 16699, 47851 — all Ls); Bay of Plenty (7622 — Ke, 4394, 4772, 16644 — holotype of Duportella monomitica — all Ls). P. sordida (P.Karst.) J.Erikss. & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1963 — as Peniophora cremea) Auckland (13680 — Ls). Phellinus Quél. Polypore fungi with brown, crust-like or bracketshaped basidiocarps, causing a white rot on fallen wood. All species on teatree are found also on a wide range of other native hosts. P. contiguus is known also from some exotic tree species. P. contiguus (Pers.) Pat. Auckland (5506 — Ke). P. dingleyae P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Phellinus pachyphloeus) Northland (66860 — holotype — Ke); Auckland (17379 — Ls); Coromandel (17298, 50499 — both Ke).
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17336 — all Ke, 5491 — Ls); Coromandel (6019, 6020 — both Ke); Bay of Plenty (7711 — Ke). P. inermis (Ellis & Everh.) G.Cunn. Three Kings (11381 — Ke); Wellington (17255 — Ke). P. pachyphloeus sensu G.Cunn. See Phellinus dingleyae. P. pectinatus (Klotzsch) Quél. See Phylloporia pectinata. P. punctatus (P.Karst.) Pilát (Cunningham 1965 — as Fuscoporia punctata) Northland (6506, 6522, 6663 — all Ke, 6678 — Ls); Auckland (5521 — Ke, 6686 — Ls); Coromandel (6664 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (15515 — Ls). P. robustus (P.Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin Three Kings (4503, 7083, 11072, 65449 — all Ke); Northland (5788, 40896, 41404 — all Ke, 5764, 17377 — both Ls, 62104 — K?/L?); Auckland (4710, 5343, 17343, 64283 — all Ke, 4842, 5397, 68857 — all Ls, 52454 — K?/L?); Coromandel (5954, 6101 — both Ke, 17350 — K?/L?); Nelson (NZFRI-M 3690 — Ls); Marlborough (66826 — Ke); Kaikoura (34446 — Ke); Dunedin (1955 — Ls); Stewart Island (53807, 53808 — both Ls, 42214 — K?/L?). P. senex (Nees & Mont.) Imazeki Auckland (60310 — Ke). P. wahlbergii (Fr.) D.A.Reid Three Kings (4577 — Ke); Auckland (65314 — Ke). Phlebia Fr. Corticioid fungi on fallen wood, fertile surface varies from smooth to folded to toothed. All three species collected from teatree are found on a wide range of native hosts. P. rufa has been found also on the exotic Castanea. P. leptospermi (G.Cunn.) Stalpers (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium leptospermi) Taupo (11427 — holotype of Corticium leptospermi, 14078, 14086, 14168 — all Ke).
P. endapalus (Berk.) G.Cunn. See Loweporus roseoalbus.
P. rufa (Pers.) M.P.Christ. (Cunningham 1963 — as Merulius nothofagi) Auckland (11553 — Ls).
P. ferreus (Pers.) Bourdot & Galzin (Cunningham 1965 — as Fuscoporia ferrea) Northland (5964, 6523, 6680, 6681, 6715, 66340 — all Ke); Auckland (5492, 5493, 6561, 13359,
Phlebia sp. (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium bullatum) Auckland (4702, 17529 — both Ke); Waikato (17475 — Ls).
324 Phlebiella P.Karst. Corticioid fungi on wood. P. tulasnelloidea is a cosmopolitan and variable taxon recorded in New Zealand on a broad range of mainly native hosts. P. tulasnelloidea (Höhn. & Litsch.) Ginns & M.N.L.Lefebvre (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium tulasnelloideum) Three Kings (15382 — Ke). Phylloporia Murrill Polypore fungi with coriaceous, perennial brackets, often parasitic on living trees. Most collections of P. pectinata from New Zealand are from teatree, often from roots. P. pectinata (Klotzsch) Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Phellinus pectinatus) Three Kings (11390 — Ke); Northland (13281 — Ke, 62099 — Ls); Auckland (20290, 66015, 66302 — all Ke, 4892, 5746, 6823, 7834, 7986, 13317, 13318, 13350, 17306, 21683, 23978, 28258, 52419, 65797, NZFRI-M 1205 — all Ls); Coromandel (15594 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (NZFRI-M 1204 — Ls, 13316 — K?/L?). Podoscypha Pat. Fruiting bodies coriaceous, flask-shaped, often split down one side, gregarious on fallen or buried wood. Confined to the north of the country, there are some collections of each species reportedly associated with teatree. P. petalodes subsp. floriformis (Bres.) D.A.Reid (Cunningham 1963 — as Stereum elegans) Northland (29870 — Ls); Auckland (63197 — Ke, 29876, NZFRI-M 1952 — both Ls). P. venustula subsp. cuneata D.A.Reid Auckland (25527 — Ls).
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 The undescribed yellowish Polyporus sp. is restricted to the north of the country, while the dark brown P. arcularius is found throughout the country on both native and exotic hosts. P. arcularius (Batsch) Fr. Three Kings (11029, 11074 — both Ke); Auckland (19970 — K?/L?); Coromandel (6007 — Ke); Gisborne (71021 — Ke); Wellington (41136 — Ke). Polyporus catervatus Berk. See Postia dissecta. Polyporus sp. (unnamed, Buchanan & Ryvarden 2000), (Cunningham 1965 — as Tyromyces citreus) Auckland (13211 — Ls); Coromandel (17300 — Ke). Poria Pers. The genus Poria is a nomen dubium, previously used for a genetically divergent set of resupinate polypore fungi. Most New Zealand species have been referred to other genera, but the identity of collections referred to P. byssina by Cunningham (1965) remains to be resolved (Buchanan & Ryvarden 2000). P. byssina sensu G.Cunn. Auckland (11133 — Ls). P. illudens sensu G.Cunn. See Wrightoporia subrutilans. P. lenis (P.Karst.) Sacc. See Skeletocutis lenis. P. leucoplaca (Berk.) Cooke. See Dichomitus leucoplacus. P. manuka G.Cunn. See Postia manuka. P. spissa (Schwein.) Cooke. See Ceriporia spissa. Porotheleum huia (G.Cunn.) W.B.Cooke. See Stigmatolemma huia.
Podoserpula D.A.Reid Pagoda-like fruiting bodies with a more or less central stipe with series of horizontal shelves or caps, pinkish or yellowish in colour. Saprobic on rotten wood and plant debris, found throughout the country.
Porostereum Pilát Corticioid fungi with fruiting bodies resupinate to pileate, causing a white rot mainly of hardwoods. P. fulvum, first described from South Africa and also known from Australia, has been recorded in New Zealand on wood of several native hardwood species.
P. pusio var. pusio (Berk.) D.A.Reid Auckland (21002 — Ls); Coromandel (21001 — K?/ L?).
P. fulvum (Lév.) Boidin & Gilles (Cunningham 1963 — as Duportella fulva) Auckland (NZFRI-M 1144 — Ls).
Polyporus Fr. Polypore fungi forming centrally or laterally stalked fruiting bodies on dead wood, causing a white rot.
Postia Fr. Polypore fungi typically with small brackets or resupinate fruiting bodies, causing a brown rot.
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum P. manuka is an endemic species confined to L. scoparium, while P. atrostrigosa is found on a wide range of native hosts, rarely on exotic trees. P. dissecta was recorded on teatree by Cunningham (1948), but the specimen referred to was not mentioned in a later treatment (Cunningham 1965), and it cannot be linked to any Herb. PDD specimen. P. atrostrigosa (Cooke) Rajchenb. (Cunningham 1965 — as Tyromyces atrostrigosus) Wellington (17254 — Ke). “P. dissecta (Cooke) Rajchenb. Auckland (Cunningham 1948 — Ke — as Polyporus catervatus).” P. manuka (G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Poria manuka) Taupo (4122 — holotype of Poria manuka, 5314, 5315, 5316, 5317, 14175, NZFRI-M 1809 — all Ls). Pseudolagarobasidium J.C.Jang & T.Chen Corticioid fungi on wood. P. calcareum is found on a wide range of native hosts, with several collections also on exotic conifers. P. calcareum (Cooke & Massee) Sheng H.Wu (Cunningham 1959 — as Odontia calcarea) Three Kings (17806 — Ke); Northland (7373 — Ke); Auckland (5558, 17802, 38050 — all Ke); Coromandel (5904 — Ls); Waikato (17807 — Ls). Pycnoporus P.Karst. Polypore fungi forming bright orange, bracket shaped fruiting bodies on dead wood, associated with a white rot. P. coccineus is common on a wide range of hosts, both native and exotic. Often found in exposed situations. Reports of P. cinnabarina and its synonyms from New Zealand by several early authors were shown by Nobles & Frew (1962) to be incorrect. P. coccineus (Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer (Cunningham 1965 — as Trametes cinnabarina) Three Kings (11033 — Ke); Northland (17258 — Ls); Auckland (47842 — K?/L?); Coromandel (17307 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (28511 — Ke); Taupo (68335— Ke var. microflora); Wanganui (20188 — Ke). Radulomyces M.P.Christ. Corticioid fungi on fallen wood. Surface of fruiting body smooth, closely pressed against substrate, watery ceraceous, hygrophanous. R. confluens has
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been found on a wide range of native hosts, as well as the exotic Eucalyptus. R. confluens (Fr.) M.P.Christ. (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium confluens) Auckland (12952, 13790 — both Ls); Bay of Plenty (13731 — Ls). Ramaria Fr. ex Bonord. Clavarioid fungi with branched, fleshy, robust fruiting bodies. Fruiting on the ground, putatively ectomycorrhizal with teatree and Nothofagus. The genus is quite common under teatree in the north of New Zealand. Several collections in PDD have been referred to species not accepted for New Zealand; these have been listed below as Ramaria sp. R. rotundispora occurs under both Nothofagus and teatree, in both the North and South Islands. The other species are known only from the north of the North Island and may be restricted to teatree. One collection of R. junquilleovertex is reported from mixed Nothofagus and teatree from Little Barrier Island. The conservation status of R. junquilleovertex is listed as nationally critical (Hitchmough 2002). R. junquilleovertex R.H.Petersen Coromandel (46679 — holotype — K?/L?). R. rotundispora R.H.Petersen Coromandel (46653 — holotype — K?/L?). R. zippelii var. zippelii (Lév.) Corner Auckland (77826 — K?/L?). Ramaria sp. Auckland (28506, 28507, 29264, 29265 — Ls, 29998, 30075 — K?/L?). Ramaricium J.Erikss. Corticioid fungi on wood and tree fern fronds. R. polyporoideum, found on several native hosts, forms white to tan basidiocarps, loosely attached to the host substrate, often with groups of several small colonies 1–6 cm across. R. polyporoideum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Ginns (Cunningham 1963 — as Corticium polyporoideum) Auckland (17435 — Ls). Resinicium Parmasto Corticioid fungi on dead wood, with the fruiting body varying from smooth to hydnoid. R. bicolor is a cosmopolitan species, characterised by prominent spines, and known in New Zealand from Nelson northwards, on a broad range of native and exotic hosts.
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R. bicolor (Alb. & Schwein.) Parmasto Three Kings (11389 — Ke); Auckland (17785 — Ke).
S. seriatum (Lloyd) Maas Geest. (Cunningham 1958 — as Steccherinum fistulatum) Northland (17751 — Ke).
Schizopora Velen. Polypore fungi forming thin, crust-like fruiting bodies on dead wood, associated with a white rot. S. radula is common throughout the country on wood of a broad range of native hosts as well as the exotic Pinus and Eucalyptus.
Steccherinum Gray Corticioid fungi on dead wood, fruiting bodies with spiny fertile surface. Both S. fimbriatum and S. ochraceum have been reported from a wide range of native hosts and a few exotic hosts. Maas Geesteranus (1971) noted that at least some of the New Zealand material referred to S. ochraceum by Cunningham (1958) was morphologically atypical and needed re-examination.
S. radula (Pers.) Hallenb. Three Kings (11396 — Ke); Northland (5990 — Ke); Auckland (6684, 13393, 38111 — all Ke); Taupo (5211, 5230 — both Ls); Wanganui (3327 — Ls). Scytinostroma Donk Corticioid fungi on dead wood. S. portentosum is found on a wide range of native hosts, as well as the exotic Albizzia. S. portentosum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Donk Northland (5871 — Ke). Skeletocutis Kotl. & Pouzar Polypore fungi forming crust-like fruiting bodies on dead wood, causing a white rot. All three species from teatree are known also from a range of other native hosts. S. lenis (P.Karst.) Niemelä (Cunningham 1965 — as Poria lenis) Three Kings (11388, 11393, 11394 — all Ke); Northland (5989 — Ke); Auckland (20198, 38067 — both Ls); Coromandel (38066 — Ke). S. nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller (Cunningham 1965 — as Tyromyces chioneus) Northland (NZFRI-M 1664 — Ls); Auckland (5474 — Ls). S. novaezelandiae (G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Chaetoporus novaezelandiae) Northland (6540, 11089 — both Ke). Solenia huia G.Cunn. See Stigmatolemma huia. Stecchericium D.A.Reid Corticioid fungi on dead wood, basidiocarps effusedreflexed, upper surface tomentose to velutinous, fertile surface spiny. S. seriatum, widespread in tropical Asia, has been found on several native hosts in the North Island.
S. fimbriatum (Pers.) J.Erikss. (Cunningham 1959 — as Odontia fimbriata) Three Kings (17873, 17889 — both Ke). S. fistulatum G.Cunn. See Stecchericium seriatum. S. ochraceum (Pers.) Gray Northland (17738 — Ls); Auckland (17730 — Ke); Otago Lakes (17739 — Ls). Stereum Pers. Corticioid fungi forming resupinate to pileate fruiting bodies with upper surface typically tomentose at least when young, underside smooth and in some species bleeding when cut. The four species listed below have all been recorded on a wide range of native hosts, S. hirsutum and S. illudens also on some exotic hosts. S. aotearoa G.Cunn. Northland (6908 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (7625 — Ke); Gisborne (34567 — Ke). S. elegans sensu G.Cunn. See Podoscypha petalodes subsp. floriformis. S. hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. Auckland (4527 — Ls); Coromandel (28820 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (NZFRI-M 1965 — Ls); Hawke’s Bay (3355 — Ls); Wellington (3684, NZFRI-M 1991 — both Ls); Nelson (12372, 15693 — both Ls); Dunedin (37805 — Ls). S. illudens Berk. Northland (6917, 6921 — both Ke, NZFRI-M 1968 — Ls); Auckland (5359, 6918, 6920, 11132, 14459 — all Ke, 4591, 14456 — both Ls); Coromandel (50506 — Ke); Bay of Plenty (4405, 11533, 14457 — all Ls). S. ostrea (Blume & T.Nees) Fr. Coromandel (5918, 50503 — both Ke, 5908 — Ls, 16960 — K?/L?); Mid Canterbury (34453, 34454 — both Ke).
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum Stigmatolemma Kalchbr. Cyphelloid fungi, the small, cup-shaped basidiocarps seated within a dense subiculum. The endemic S. huia is known from a single collection. S. huia (G.Cunn.) W.B.Cooke (Cunningham 1953 — as Solenia huia; Cunningham 1963 — as Stromatoscypha huia; Cooke 1957 — as Porotheleum huia) Auckland (4392 — holotype of Stromatoscypha huia — Ke). Stromatoscypha huia (G.Cunn) G.Cunn. See Stigmatolemma huia. Trametes Fr. Polypore fungi forming leathery, bracket-shaped fruit-bodies on wood, causing a white rot. T. hirsuta and T. versicolor are common species widely recorded on both native and exotic hosts. T. cinnabarina auct. NZ. See Pycnoporus coccineus. T. hirsuta (Wulfen) Pilát Auckland (5700, 6698 — both Ls); Coromandel (6085 — Ke). T. scutellata (Schwein.) G.Cunn. See Datronia scutellata. T. versicolor (L.) Lloyd Auckland (4599 — Ls, 37037 — K?/L?). Trechispora P.Karst. Corticioid fungi on wood although the hymenial surface varies from smooth to hydnoid to poroid. There is a single collection of the poroid, pantropical T. regularis from New Zealand.
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Tyromyces atrostrigosus (Cooke) G.Cunn. See Postia atrostrigosa. Tyromyces catervatus (Berk.) G.Cunn. See Postia dissecta. Tyromyces chioneus sensu G.Cunn. See Skeletocutis nivea. Tyromyces citreus sensu G.Cunn. See Polyporus sp. Tyromyces mollis sensu G.Cunn. See Diplomitoporus cunninghamii. Tyromyces oviformis (G.Cunn.) G.Cunn. See Perenniporia oviformis. Vararia P.Karst. Corticioid fungi on fallen wood. The three species known from teatree are found also on a wide range of other native hosts, as well as a few exotics. V. fusispora G.Cunn. Auckland (12477 — Ls); Coromandel (13775 — Ls). V. investiens (Schwein.) P.Karst. Northland (17148, 37944 — both Ls); Auckland (11223, 12939, 13742, 17057 — all Ls); Bay of Plenty (13743 — Ls). V. protrusa G.Cunn. Three Kings (15663 — Ke); Auckland (11859 — holotype — Ke, 4723, 11215, 13791 — all Ls); Bay of Plenty (13727 — Ke, 17133, 13726 — both Ls). V. rhodospora (Wakef.) G.Cunn. See Dichostereum rhodosporum.
Tubulicrinis Donk Corticioid fungi forming thin, effused fruiting bodies on fallen wood. T. umbraculus, although known from few collections, is widespread in New Zealand.
Wrightoporia Pouzar Polypore fungi with white to creamy, thin, crustlike fruiting bodies. W. novaezelandiae is endemic, known from Nothofagus as well as teatree. New Zealand material referred to W. subrutilans has nonamyloid spores, whereas in authentic material of this species the spores are amyloid (Buchanan & Ryvarden 2000).
T. gladiolus (G.Cunn.) G.Cunn. See Litschauerella gladiola.
W. novaezelandiae Rajchenb. & A.David Auckland (55206 — K?/L?).
T. umbraculus (G.Cunn.) G.Cunn. (Cunningham 1955 — as Peniophora umbracula) Three Kings (11441 — Ke).
W. subrutilans sensu P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (Cunningham 1965 — as Poria illudens) Taupo (5283 — Ke).
T. regularis (Murrill) Liberta Northland (66338 — Ke).
328 OTHER BASIDIOMYCOTA Basidiodendron Rick Saprobes on dead wood of angiosperms and gymnosperms. B. caesiocinereum is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Most New Zealand collections are on teatree, but it also occurs on Dysoxylon and Nothofagus. B. caesiocinereum (Höhn. & Litsch.) Luck-Allen Auckland (25024, 25042, 25060, 25514, 25525, 25595, 25596 — all Ke, 24992 — Ls). Calocera (Fr.) Fr. Saprobes on dead wood of angiosperms and gymnosperms. C. fusca was described from New Zealand but is also known from Australia, Cook Islands, and South America. C. guepinioides and C. lutea were described from Australia. C. fusca Lloyd Auckland (29853 — Ls). C. guepinioides Berk. Coromandel (25438 — K?/L?). C. lutea (Massee) McNabb Auckland (24937 — Ke). Dacrymyces Nees Saprobes on dead wood of angiosperms and gymnosperms. D. capitatus is widely distributed around the world. D. aucklandicus has not been described, but the single specimen in Herb. PDD has a label, including designation as holotype, in McNabb’s handwriting. D. aucklandicus McNabb ined. Auckland (24709 — Ls). D. capitatus Schwein. Auckland (23117 — Ke). Ductifera Lloyd Saprobes on dead wood and bark of angiosperms and gymnosperms. D. sucina was described from Brazil. D. sucina (Möller) K.Wells Auckland (24846, 25030, 25604 — all Ke). Exidiopsis (Bref.) Möller Saprobes on dead wood and bark of angiosperms and gymnosperms. E. mucedinea was described from South America, and occurs throughout New Zealand.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 E. mucedinea (Pat.) K.Wells Auckland (24603 — Ke, 24495, 24501, 25601 — all Ls). Heterotextus Lloyd Saprobes on dead wood of angiosperms and gymnosperms. Both species on teatree were described from Australia. H. militinus is confined to Australia and New Zealand, while H. peziziformis also extends to South America. H. miltinus (Berk.) McNabb Coromandel (57355 — K?/L?); Bay of Plenty (25429 — Ls). H. peziziformis (Berk.) Lloyd Bay of Plenty (25411 — Ls, 4403 — K?/L?); Taupo (4946 — Ls). Protomerulius Möller Saprobic, polypore-like fungi forming a resupinate to effused-reflexed, poroid basidiocarp but with cruciately septate (tremelloid) basidia, on dead wood. P. caryae is cosmopolitan; in New Zealand recorded also on Beilschmiedia, Cordyline, and Nothofagus. P. caryae (Schwein.) Ryvarden Auckland (58354 — K?/L?). Pseudohydnum P.Karst. Saprobes on dead wood of gymnosperms and occasionally angiosperms. P. gelatinosum, which was described from Europe, occurs on native and introduced hosts throughout much of New Zealand. P. gelatinosum (Scop.) P.Karst. Auckland (24557, 24705, 25949 — all Ke). Tremella Pers. Saprobes on dead bark and wood of angiosperms. T. fuciformis, originally described from Brazil, is found throughout New Zealand on a broad range of hosts. T. fuciformis Berk. Auckland (4588 — K?/L?). Tremellodendropsis (Corner) D.A.Crawford Clavarioid fungi, fruiting bodies highly branched, the branches narrow, and basidia septate. Most commonly found on soil, but sometimes on litter. The T. flagelliformis collection cited below was from Kunzea bark. This species is quite common from Nelson northwards. T. flagelliformis (Berk.) D.A.Crawford Auckland (29837 — Ke).
McKenzie et al.—Checklist of fungi on Kunzea and Leptospermum ANAMORPHIC FUNGI Acrodictys fuliginosa Sutton. See Rhexoacrodictys fuliginosa. Actinocladium Ehrenb. The genus is saprobic on dead wood. A. rhodosporum is widespread in the world, while within New Zealand it is known on dead wood and bark of various native host plants, from Northland to Campbell Island. A. rhodosporum Ehrenb. Auckland (Hughes 1978 — DAOM 96272 — Ls). Alternaria Nees A speciose genus of saprobes and plant parasites. Isolated as an endophyte from living leaves of L. scoparium. Alternaria sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ls). Annellospermosporella P.R.Johnst. This monotypic genus, described from New Zealand, is a hyperparasite associated with sparse, partly eroded colonies of the leaf fungus, Meliolina leptospermi. A. meliolinae P.R.Johnst. Auckland (63407 — holotype — Ls); Southland (68411 — Ls, 69824 —K?/L?). Antennatula caulicola (Bat. & Oliveira) S.Hughes. See Euantennaria caulicola. Bactrodesmium Cooke A saprobic genus commonly forming sporodochia on dead wood. B. atrum is known from northern New Zealand on bark of Agathis, Corynocarpus, and Laurelia and on trunks of Rhopalostylis. B. atrum M.B.Ellis Auckland (Hughes 1978 — DAOM 96160 — Ls). Bensingtonia Ingold Ballistosporic yeasts, anamorphic Urediniomycetes. B. alba and B. mrakii were isolated from the surface of dead leaves of several native plant species.
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Brachysporiella Bat. Brachysporiella species are saprobes, commonly associated with dead wood. B. gayana is widely distributed in New Zealand on wood of various native trees. B. gayana Bat. Auckland (20402 (DAOM 93568) — Ke, 21792 — Ls). Brachysporium (Sacc.) Sacc. Brachysporium species are saprobes, commonly associated with dead wood. B. novaezelandiae is known only from New Zealand on dead wood of Leptospermum. B. novaezelandiae S.Hughes Auckland (Hughes 1965 — Ls); Bay of Plenty (20721 — holotype, DAOM 93527 — isotype — Ls). Calcarisporium Preuss Calcarisporium species are often parasites on other fungi. C. arbuscula is widespread throughout the world. It is usually found as a parasite on larger fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), but can also occur on wood. In New Zealand it is known only on dead twigs of Leptospermum. C. arbuscula Preuss Mid Canterbury (74774 — Ke). Candelabrum Beverw. A saprobic genus of aero-aquatic fungi that grow on submerged plant litter in ponds. C. microsporum is also known from Australia and Cuba. C. microsporum R.F.Castañeda & W.B.Kendr. Auckland (80187 — Ls). Capnobotrys S.Hughes Sooty mould fungi. C. laterivecta was described from New Zealand, and is known only from the north of the country and Westland on Weinmannia, as well as Leptospermum. C. atroolivacea S.Hughes Auckland (Hughes 1981b — DAOM 97384e, DAOM 97369d — both Ls).
B. alba (W.F.Hanna) Derx Taupo (Hamamoto & Nakase 1996 — Ls).
C. laterivecta S.Hughes Auckland (44789 (DAOM 97384b) — Ls).
B. mrakii Hamam. & Nakase Taupo (Hamamoto & Nakase 1996 — JCM 8938 — Ls).
C. paucispora S.Hughes Mid Canterbury (Hughes 1981b — DAOM 106854c — Ls).
330 Capnocybe fraserae S.Hughes. See Metacapnodium fraserae. Capnofrasera S.Hughes A sooty mould genus described from New Zealand, but known also from North and South America, plus Hawaii. It is usually associated with other sooty moulds on living leaves, twigs, and bark. C. dendryphioides S.Hughes Northland (76423 — holotype, DAOM 96120b — isotype — Ls). Capnophialophora fraserae S.Hughes. See Metacapnodium fraserae. Capnophialophora propagulifera S.Hughes ined.. See Ophiocapnocoma batistae. Capnophialophora sp. See Ophiocapnocoma phloiophilia. Chaetomella Fuckel A widespread genus often found in soil. Isolated as an endophyte from living leaves of L. scoparium (Johnston 1998). Chaetomella sp. Northland (ICMP 12248, ICMP 12250, ICMP 12251 — all Ls). Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. Chalara species are usually saprobes on dead wood or leaves. C. acuaria was described from USA on needles of Abies and Pinus. In New Zealand it is known on Podocarpus dacrydioides from Mid Canterbury, and on Leptospermum from Little Barrier Island. Although described from New Zealand, C. unicolor has been also found on Padus avium in USSR. C. acuaria Cooke & Ellis Coromandel (40590 — Ls). C. unicolor S.Hughes & Nag Raj Auckland (30409 — holotype, DAOM 110019 — isotype — Ls). Ciferrioxyphium Bat. & H.Maia A sooty mould anamorphic genus. C. chaetomorphum is known from only a single New Zealand specimen, but is widely distributed around the world, occurring also in Australia, North and South America, Caribbean, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. It is the anamorph of an Aithaloderma sp.
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2006, Vol. 44 Ciferrioxyphium chaetomorphum (Speg.) S.Hughes Taupo (Hughes 1981a — DAOM 159758 — Ls). Cladosporium Link Cladosporium species are very widespread and often common saprobes on a wide range of substrates. Cladosporium sp. was isolated as an endophyte from living leaves of L. scoparium. Cladosporium sp. (Johnston 1998). Conoplea Pers. Conoplea species are saprobes on dead wood and bark. C. novaezelandiae is endemic to New Zealand and is found on a variety of native plants in the north of the country. C. novaezelandiae S.Hughes Auckland (21409 (DAOM 93609), 21558 (DAOM 93600), DAOM 93620 — all Ls); Coromandel (18307 (DAOM 93626), 20364 (DAOM 93631), 20367 (DAOM 93630) — all Ke). Cordana Preuss Cordana species are usually saprobic on wood. However, some (e.g., C. musae) are parasitic. C. ellipsoidea, originally described from soil in Nepal, occurs throughout New Zealand on a range of plant species. C. ellipsoidea de Hoog Auckland (20401 (DAOM 93568) — Ke); Coromandel (21461 (DAOM 96090) — Ls); Mid Canterbury (21050 (DAOM 96093) — Ls). Corynespora Güssow Most Corynespora species are saprobes on dead wood, however some (e.g., C. cassiicola) are parasitic. C. smithii is common on holly in the UK; in New Zealand it is known from only a single specimen. C. smithii (Berk. & Broome) M.B.Ellis Auckland (23839 — Ke). Cryptocline Petr. Leaf parasites. The Cryptocline sp. on L. scoparium leaves is associated with small, pale brown, more or less circular spots, usually several spots on each leaf. The conidia are formed in tiny, pale-walled acervuli on the undersides of the leaves. Cryptocline sp. Auckland (63408, 63737 — both Ls); Coromandel (64235 — Ls).
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Dactylaria Sacc. Dactylaria is a common and widespread genus found on decaying plant material. The New Zealand fungus was found on a dead stem.
Fusichalara S.Hughes & Nag Raj Fusichalara species are saprobic on dead wood. F. novaezelandiae is known from only the type collection.
Dactylaria leptospermi J.A.Cooper Auckland (74982 — holotype — ICMP 14249 — Ls).
F. novaezelandiae S.Hughes & Nag Raj Auckland (30404 — holotype, DAOM 110040 — isotype — Ls).
Dendryphiopsis atra (Corda) S.Hughes. See Kirschsteiniothelia incrustans.
Helicoma Corda Saprobic. H. perelegans is widespread throughout the word, but in New Zealand is known from only the single collection.
Dictyochaeta sp. See Chaetosphaeria pulchriseta. Diploceras leptospermi (R.G.Bagn. & Sheridan) Nag Raj. See Discostromopsis leptospermi. Ellisembia Subram. Ellisembia species are saprobes on dead wood and other plant litter. E. adscendens is widespread throughout the world, particularly in tropical areas. In New Zealand it is known only from the Auckland area on several native plants. E. adscendens (Berk.) Subram. Auckland (20414, 20446 — both Ke). Endophragmiella B.Sutton Endophragmiella species are saprobes on dead wood and other plant litter. E. biseptata occurs in Europe and North America, and in New Zealand it is also known from Mid Canterbury on Podocarpus sp.
H. perelegans Thaxt. Auckland (20394 (DAOM 96160) — Ls). Hormiokrypsis libocedri Bat. & Nascim. See Ophiocapnocoma phloiophilia. Janetia M.B.Ellis A saprobic genus. J. capnophila, described from New Zealand material, grows in close association with sooty moulds, particularly with species of Euantennaria and Acrogenotheca elegans. It is widely distributed in New Zealand and has been also found in Australia. J. capnophila S.Hughes Taupo (Hughes 1983 — DAOM 96064b,d — Ke).
E. biseptata (Peck) S.Hughes Auckland (21577 (DAOM 109686), DAOM 109394, DAOM 109687, DAOM 109688 — all Ls).
Menispora Pers. Menispora species are commonly found as saprobes on dead wood. M. uncinata was described from New Zealand on Coriaria arborea. It is also known from Florida.
E. fuliginosa (B.Sutton) S.Hughes. See Rhexoacrodictys fuliginosa.
M. uncinata S.Hughes & W.B.Kendr. Mid Canterbury (74772 — Ls).
E. hymenochaeticola S.Hughes. See Phaeotrichosphaeria hymenochaeticola. Epicoccum Link A cosmopolitan saprobic genus. The most common species, E. purpurascens, is found on all kinds of plant material and other substrates. It is an early secondary invader of plants. Johnston (1998) isolated it as an endophyte from living leaves of L. scoparium. E. nigrum Link. See E. purpurascens. E. purpurascens Ehrenb. Auckland (Johnston 1998 — as E. nigrum — Ls).
Nigrospora Zimm. Nigrospora species are common saprobes on plant material, especially in warmer parts of the world. Nigrospora sp. was isolated as a leaf endophyte of L. scoparium. Nigrospora sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ls). Pestalotiopsis Steyaert Microfungi, saprobic on dead plant material, sometimes facultative parasites causing diseases of leaves or twigs. Pestalotiopsis sp. was isolated as a leaf endophyte of L. scoparium.
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Pestalotiopsis sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ls).
on plants. The present fungus was isolated as an endophyte from symptomless plants.
Phomopsis (Sacc.) Bubák Phomopsis is a common and widespread genus. Many species are pathogenic, causing die-back and leaf spots. It is the anamorph of Diaporthe. This fungus was isolated as a leaf endophyte of L. scoparium.
Pyrenochaeta sp. Auckland (ICMP 12252, ICMP 12253, ICMP 12254 — all Ls).
Phomopsis sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ls). Phyllosticta Pers. Phyllosticta is a common and widespread genus. It is the anamorph of Guignardia, and is often the cause of leaf spots. Johnston (1998) isolated this fungus as the most common endophyte from living leaves of L. scoparium growing in naturally regenerating stands. He also found it in leaves of K. ericoides. Phyllosticta sp. (Johnston 1998 — Ke and Ls), Northland (ICMP 12119, ICMP 12120, ICMP 12121, 12249 — all Ls). Pleurothecium Höhn. Saprobic genus, often on bark. The New Zealand isolate was found on a dead stem. P. leptospermi J.A.Cooper Auckland (74984 — holotype — ICMP 14248 — Ls). Polyscytalum Riess Saprobes on fallen leaves. P. gracilisporum, described from Japan on a rotten Podocarpus leaf, is also known from UK and Cuba. In New Zealand it is also found on dead leaves of Nothofagus and P. dacrydioides. P. gracilisporum (Matsush.) B.Sutton & Hodges Mid Canterbury (74779 — Ke). Pseudospiropes M.B.Ellis Saprobes, found on dead wood and bark. P. simplex is common and widespread, and in New Zealand occurs on a broad range of plant species. P. simplex (Kunze) M.B.Ellis Coromandel (18465 — Ke). Pyrenochaeta De Not. Many species names have been described in this genus. Most species are saprobic but some are parasitic
Rhexoacrodictys W.A.Baker & Morgan-Jones Saprobes on dead wood and bark, often mixed with other dematiaceous fungi. R. fuliginosa, described from Canada, is widespread in New Zealand on various native plants. R. fuliginosa (B.Sutton) W.A.Baker & MorganJones Auckland (Hughes 1978 — DAOM 96263 — Ke). Seimatosporium leptospermi R.G.Bagn. & Sheridan. See Discostromopsis leptospermi. Septosporium Corda Saprobes on dead plant material. S. bulbotrichum occurs throughout New Zealand on wood of several native host plants and is also known from North America and Europe. S. bulbotrichum Corda Auckland (Hughes 1978 — DAOM 109886 — Ls). Sporobolomyces Kluyver & C.B.Niel Ballistosporic yeasts. S. roseus was isolated from the surface of dead leaves of several native plant species. Presumed to be related to basidiomycetes. S. roseus Kluyver & C.B.Niel Taupo (Hamamoto & Nakase 1995 — Ls). Sympodiella W.B.Kendr. Saprobes on fallen leaves. Although S. nodosa has not been formally described, this fungus is widespread in New Zealand, and is known on leaves of Agathis, Nothofagus, and Podocarpus. S. nodosa Aramb. & W.B.Kendr. ined. Coromandel (38961 — K?/L?). Virgaria Nees Saprobes, found on dead wood and bark. V. nigra is common and widespread, and in New Zealand occurs on a broad range of plant species. V. nigra (Link) Nees Auckland (20463 (DAOM 93994) — Ke, 20393 (DAOM 93992), DAOM 93993, DAOM 96010 — all Ls).
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MYXOMYCOTA
REFERENCES
Badhamia Berk. This genus tends to fruit on bark. B. utricularis is a cosmopolitan species, widely distributed in New Zealand.
Allan HH 1961. Flora of New Zealand. Vol. I. Wellington, Government Printer. Baylis GTS 1962. Rhizophagus. The catholic symbiont. Australian Journal of Science 25: 195–200. Baylis GTS 1971. Endogonaceous mycorrhizas synthesised in Leptospermum (Myrtaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 293–296. Brundrett M, Bougher N, Dell B, Grove T, Malajczuk N 1996. Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. ACIAR Monograph 32. Buchanan PK, Ryvarden L 2000. An annotated checklist of polypore and polypore-like fungi recorded from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 38: 265–323. Chu-Chou M, Grace LJ 1983. Hypogeous fungi associated with some forest trees in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 21: 183–190. Cooke WB 1957. The Porotheleaceae: Porotheleum. Mycologia 49: 680–693. Crosby TK, Dugdale JS, Watt JC 1998. Area codes for recording specimen localities in the New Zealand subregion. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 25: 175–183. Crowe A 1997. A field guide to the native edible plants of New Zealand. Auckland, Penguin. Cunningham GH 1931. Sclerodermaceae of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 62: 115–119. Cunningham GH 1948. New Zealand Polyporaceae. 3. The genus Polyporus. DSIR, Plant Diseases Division Bulletin 74. Cunningham GH 1953. Thelephoraceae of New Zealand. Part I: sub-family Cyphelloideae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 81: 165–188. Cunningham GH 1955. Thelephoraceae of New Zealand. Part VI. The genus Peniophora. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 83: 247–293. Cunningham GH 1958. Hydnaceae of New Zealand Part I — the pileate genera Beenakia, Dentinum, Hericium, Hydnum, Phellodon and Steccherinum. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 85: 585–601. Cunningham GH 1959. Hydnaceae of New Zealand Part II — the genus Odontia. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86: 65–103. Cunningham GH 1963. The Thelephoraceae of Australia and New Zealand. DSIR Bulletin 145. Cunningham GH 1965. Polyporaceae of New Zealand. DSIR Bulletin 164. Danielson RM 1984. Ectomycorrhizal associations in jack pine stands in northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 932–939.
B. utricularis (Bull.) Berk. North Canterbury (77121 — Ke). Didymium Schrad. A large and diverse genus of slime moulds. D. nigripes is a cosmopolitan species, widely distributed in New Zealand. D. nigripes (Link) Fr. Auckland (15933 — Ls). Fuligo Haller There are two species of Fuligo in New Zealand, F. septica is a cosmopolitan species, widely distributed in New Zealand. F. septica (L.) F.H.Wigg. Northland (65295 — K?/L?). Physarum Pers. A large genus represented by 34 species in New Zealand. P. serpula has been found in North and South America, but from only the one specimen in New Zealand. P. viride, which is cosmopolitan, is common and widespread in New Zealand forests. P. serpula Morgan Auckland (30881 — K?/L?). P. viride (Bull.) Pers. Taupo (15934 — Ke). Stemonitis Gled. Nine species of this distinctive slime mould are known in New Zealand. S. splendens is a cosmopolitan species, widespread in New Zealand, especially on decaying wood. S. splendens Rostaf. Three Kings (68384 — Ke).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Margaret Dick kindly provided access to specimens held in New Zealand Forest Research fungal herbarium. Ross Beever provided information on the hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungi. Funds for this research were provided by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology.
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