... Lisa Aziz-Zadeh. Dr Julie Werner. Anne Winsor. Clin A/Prof Michael Bynevelt .... Dr Jac Billington. â Dr Catherine Elliott. â Dr Lisa Aziz-Zadeh, Dr Julie Werner.
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
Mirror neuron activation in children with developmental coordination disorder A FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY
Jess Reynolds Dr Melissa Licari Dr Jac Billington Yihui Chen Dr Lisa Aziz-Zadeh Dr Julie Werner Anne Winsor Clin A/Prof Michael Bynevelt
Developmental Coordination Disorder: DSM-5 A. Poor motor skills given chronological age and opportunity for skill learning B. Significant interference with activities of daily living and academic productivity C. Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period D. Not better explained by intellectual disability or visual impairment Not attributable to a neurological condition affecting movement.
Associated Features •
Neurodevelopmental immaturities or
•
Neurological soft signs (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) The University of Western Australia
(Debrabant et al., 2013; Kashiwagi et al., 2009; Langevin et al., 2014; Licari et al., 2015; McLeod et al., 2014; Querne et al., 2008; Zwicker et al., 2010, 2011, 2012) The University of Western Australia
Information Flow in the Mirror Neuron System
Inverse Model Forward Model
(created using BrainVoyager Brain Tutor: http://www.brainvoyager.com/products/braintutor.html; Goebel, Esposito, & Formisano, 2006)
Differential activation of MNS areas (fMRI/rsfMRI) Differential magnetic resonance signal activation patterns in MNS regions Altered effective and functional connectivity Decreased functional connectivity between bilateral IFG/precentral gyrus and M1 Reduced pars opercularis activation during imitation (Debrabant et al., 2013; Kashiwagi et al., 2009, 2013; Licari et al., 2015; McLeod et al., 2014; Querne et al., 2008; Zwicker et al., 2010, 2011) The University of Western Australia
Aims and Hypotheses Aim: • To examine the neurology of imitation deficits in DCD • To examine the neurological functioning of the MNS in children with DCD Hypothesis: • Children with DCD will have decreased activation than controls in one or a combination of MNS areas
The University of Western Australia
Participants 27 right handed boys aged 8-12 years •
Group 1: 14 with DCD (mean age = 10.08 ±1.31 years; one additional excluded due to movement)
•
Group 2: 12 typically developing controls (mean age = 10.1 ±1.15 years)
Screening: • MABC-2 • Handedness • ASD/ADHD
The University of Western Australia
Scanning at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital 3T Philips Magnetic Resonance Scanner 8-channel head coil Anatomical Images: T1-weighted 3D FFE 160 slices 0.575 x 0.575 x 1 mm Two 6 Min Functional Studies: T2-weighted gradient echo, TR/TE = 3000/35ms, flip angle 90o, 25 axial slices with a thickness of 4mm, no gaps
The University of Western Australia
Observation
Execution and Imitation
The University of Western Australia
RESULTS Whole brain analysis Observation > Rest Extrastriate Cortex
Execution/Imitation > Observation Postcentral Gyrus Medial Frontal Gyrus Insula Inferior Frontal Gyrus Main effect of observation>baseline (red; FWE, pobservation (dark green; FWE, pobservation (light green; FWE, p DCD Pars Opercularis (IFG) Precentral Gyrus Middle Temporal Gyrus Posterior Cingulate
Precuneus
Brain regions showing significantly greater activation for controls vs. DCD during observation condition>baseline (p DCD Middle Temporal Gyrus Posterior Cingulate
Precuneus
DCD > Controls No regions
Group main effect across all conditions: Control> DCD (FWE, p