AND MOPED RIDERS IN GREECE. 86th TRB Annual Meeting, Washington D.C. 2007. Ass. Prof. George Yannis, Prof. John Golias,. Dr. Ioanna Spyropoulou ...
86th TRB Annual Meeting, Washington D.C. 2007
MOBILITY PATTERNS OF MOTORCYCLE AND MOPED RIDERS IN GREECE
Ass. Prof. George Yannis, Prof. John Golias, Dr. Ioanna Spyropoulou, Eleonora Papadimitriou
Outline
Objective and methodology Two-wheeler usage in Greece Two-wheeler mobility in Greece Discussion
21-25 January 2007
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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Objective and methodology (1/2)
Objective Investigate the driving habits of two-wheeler riders
Why??
• Distinct characteristics • Popular in several countries • Insufficient research on that topic • Use for the design of transport policy and road safety strategies
21-25 January 2007
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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Objective and methodology (2/2)
Methodology
• Variable used: mileage driven (expressed in average annual km’s) • Compared to passenger car driver • Use of different rider/driver groups and different travel characteristics
• Data extracted from a nationwide CATI survey SRS technique – nationwide coverage Active drivers (over 16ys old) Three part questionnaire (driver, vehicle, distance travelled) 21-25 January 2007
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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Two-wheeler usage in Greece (1/2)
Usage in relation to driver age
•
100% 90%
•
80% 70% 60% 50%
Passenger Car Motorcycle
40%
Moped
30% 20%
• •
10% 0% 16-17
18-20
21-25 January 2007
21-24
25-34
35-54
55-64
>65
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
Age of obtaining licence 50% of drivers 18-20 years old use twowheelers Use of two-wheelers decreases with age Mopeds favoured by 16-24, motorcycles by 25-54
5
Two-wheeler usage in Greece (2/2)
•
Usage in relation to driver gender 100%
•
80% 60%
Passenger Car
40%
Motorcycle Moped
20% 0% Male
21-25 January 2007
Female
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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More male drivers than females Proportion of female riders is significantly lower also in relation to female drivers (3.4, 7.5, 1.6) Males prefer motorcycles to mopeds (1.8), females show a slight preference to mopeds (1.2) 6
Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (1/9)
•
Mobility in relation to driver age 20000
Pattern for motorcyclists and p.car drivers similar: first mobility and then with driver age
16000 12000
Moped Motorcycle Passenger Car
8000 4000 0 16-17
18-20
21-25 January 2007
21-24
25-34
35-54
55-64
>65
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
•
For moped riders, mobility decreases with driver age; greater mobility for older moped riders probably results from usage in non-urban areas 7
Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (2/9)
Mobility in relation to driver gender 20000
•
16000 12000
Moped Motorcycle
8000
Passenger Car
4000 0 Male
21-25 January 2007
Female
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
•
Mobility of males higher than of females (ranges between 1.6-1.8) Slightly higher reduction of female mobility for passenger car drivers than twowheeler riders
8
Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (3/9)
Mobility in relation to driver experience 20000
•
Highest mobility is observed for:
(a) Mopeds 10yrs
•
Mobility increases with driving experience only for passenger car drivers – fluctuates for twowheelers; possible shift to passenger cars 9
Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (4/9)
Mobility in relation to vehicle engine size 20000
•
16000 12000
•
8000
Mobility increases with vehicle size Dual relationship
4000 0 < 50 cc (moped)
50-115 cc
21-25 January 2007
116-269 cc
270-730 cc
> 730 cc
passenger car
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (5/9)
Mobility in relation to day of week 2400
• •
2000 1600 Moped 1200
Motorcycle Passenger Car
800
•
400 0 Weekday
21-25 January 2007
Weekend
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
Reduction for all modes during the weekend Two-wheeler riders drive ≈ twice more on weekdays than weekends, passenger car mileage reduction is substantially less Two-wheelers could be defined as a ‘workoriented’ transport mode - shift to passenger cars during weekends 11
Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (6/9)
Mobility in relation to time of day
•
20000
•
16000 12000
Moped Motorcycle
8000
Passenger Car
•
4000 0 Daytime
21-25 January 2007
Night-time
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
Reduction for all modes at night No particular differences between two-wheelers and passenger car No evidence that twowheelers are a ‘workoriented’ transport mode
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Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (7/9)
Mobility in relation to day of week and time of day
• •
2400 2000 1600 Two-wheeler
1200
Passenger Car
•
800 400 0 Daytime
Night-time
Daytime
Night-time
W eekday
W eekday
W eekend
W eekend
21-25 January 2007
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
•
Highest mobility on weekdays at daytime Greater reduction in daytime mobility at the weekend for twowheeler Night-time mobility for two-wheelers does not change in relation to day of week; however increases for p.car at weekend Two-wheelers can be defined as ‘workoriented’ mode 13
Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (8/9)
Mobility in relation to type of road
•
20000
•
16000 12000
Moped Motorcycle Passenger Car
8000
•
4000 0 Highway
21-25 January 2007
Non-highway
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
Mobility on highways increases with ‘vehicle type’ (4.5%, 10.2% vs. 29.9%) Factors influencing vehicle mobility on highways may include road safety, vehicle speed, comfort, loading capacity Further analysis showed that ‘stronger’ motorcycles are preferred for driving on highways 14
Two-wheeler mobility in Greece (9/9)
Mobility in relation to type of area
•
20000 16000 12000
Moped Motorcycle
8000
•
Passenger Car
4000
•
0 Residential Areas
21-25 January 2007
Non-residential areas
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
Mobility of substantially less outside residential areas (13%, 15% vs. 53%) Factors influencing two-wheeler mobility may include road safety, trip distance Passenger car favoured over twowheeler for long distances 15
Discussion (1/3)
Conclusions Different mobility patterns are observed between the
different vehicle types and driver age groups. Mobility with age for moped riders. First and then with age for motorcyclists and passenger car drivers.
No differences between two-wheelers and passenger cars in
relation to driver gender. Mobility of male drivers is greater to female drivers regardless of vehicle type.
No clear pattern was identified for mobility of two-wheelers
in relation to driving experience. However, mobility increases with driving experience for passenger car drivers.
Mobility increases with vehicle size. 21-25 January 2007
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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Discussion (2/3)
Conclusions Mobility decreases in the weekend regardless of the vehicle
type. This decrease however is substantially greater for twowheelers.
Mobility decreases at night regardless of the vehicle type. However increases at weekend nights in relation to weekdays for passenger car – not for two-wheelers.
Reduced mobility of two-wheelers on highways. Mobility increases with vehicle type and with vehicle size (for motorcycles).
Mobility of two-wheeler riders is substantially less than passenger car drivers outside residential areas.
21-25 January 2007
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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Discussion (3/3)
Conclusions Two-wheelers mainly used by/for: Young/Novice drivers (primary cause age) Work-oriented trips (daytime/weekdays) Shorter distances and Safer ‘perceived’ trips (inside
res.areas/not on highways – relation with engine size)
Shift to passenger car with age, for leisure and for longdistance trips
Future
work
Investigate correlations between two-wheeler mobility and driver, vehicle and trip characteristics
Design a model for two-wheeler mobility 21-25 January 2007
TRB 86th Annual Meeting
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86th TRB Annual Meeting, Washington D.C. 2007
MOBILITY PATTERNS OF MOTORCYCLE AND MOPED RIDERS IN GREECE
Ass. Prof. George Yannis, Prof. John Golias, Dr. Ioanna Spyropoulou, Eleonora Papadimitriou
