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Season of infectious mononucleosis and risk of multiple sclerosis at different latitudes; the EnvIMS Study Andreas Lossius, Trond Riise, Maura Pugliatti, Kjetil Bjørnevik, Ilaria Casetta, Jelena Drulovic, Enrico Granieri, Margitta T Kampman, Anne-Marie Landtblom, Klaus Lauer, Sandra Magalhaes, Kjell-Morten Myhr, Tatjana Pekmezovic, Kristin Wesnes, Christina Wolfson and Trygve Holmøy Mult Scler 2014 20: 669 originally published online 26 September 2013 DOI: 10.1177/1352458513505693 The online version of this article can be found at: http://msj.sagepub.com/content/20/6/669
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On behalf of: European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis
Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis
Pan-Asian Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis
Latin American Committee on Treatment and Research of Multiple Sclerosis
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505693 2013
MSJ20610.1177/1352458513505693Multiple Sclerosis JournalLossius et al.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS MSJ JOURNAL
Research Paper
Season of infectious mononucleosis and risk of multiple sclerosis at different latitudes; the EnvIMS Study
Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2014, Vol. 20(6) 669–674 © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1352458513505693 msj.sagepub.com
Andreas Lossius1,2, Trond Riise3, Maura Pugliatti4,3, Kjetil Bjørnevik3, Ilaria Casetta5, Jelena Drulovic6, Enrico Granieri5, Margitta T Kampman7,8, Anne-Marie Landtblom9, Klaus Lauer10, Sandra Magalhaes11, Kjell-Morten Myhr12,13, Tatjana Pekmezovic14, Kristin Wesnes3, Christina Wolfson11,15 and Trygve Holmøy1,16
Abstract Background: Seasonal fluctuations in solar radiation and vitamin D levels could modulate the immune response against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and influence the subsequent risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Altogether 1660 MS patients and 3050 controls from Norway and Italy participating in the multinational casecontrol study of Environmental Factors In Multiple Sclerosis (EnvIMS) reported season of past infectious mononucleosis (IM). Results: IM was generally reported more frequently in Norway (p=0.002), but was associated with MS to a similar degree in Norway (odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.73) and Italy (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.17–2.52). For all participants, there was a higher reported frequency of IM during spring compared to fall (p
