MECHANOTECHNICS N4. POWER MACHINES N5. FLUID MECHANICS N5.
MECHANOTECHNICS N5. ELECTROTECHNICS N5. POWER MACHINES N6.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IST TRIMESTER
2ND TRIMESTER
3RD TRIMESTER
MATHEMATICS N4
POWER MACHINES N5
POWER MACHINES N6
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4
FLUID MECHANICS N5
FLUID MECHANICS N6
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS N4
MECHANOTECHNICS N5
MECHANOTECHNICS N6
ELECTROTECHNICS N4
ELECTROTECHNICS N5
ELECTROTECHNICS N6
MECHANOTECHNICS N4
SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT N4
4TH TRIMESTER
5TH TRIMESTER
ENGINEERING DRAWING N3
SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT N6
SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT N5
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS N6
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES N5
CONTROL SYSTEMS N6
6TH TRIMESTER
*AFTER COMPLETION OF THE 5 TRIMESTER, THE STUDENT IS SUPPOSED TO UNDERGO A 24 MONTHS TRAINING PROGRAMME AT A GOVERNMENT- APPROVED INDUSTRY/MINE AND THEN WRITE THE GCC EXAMINATION WHICH WILL BE GUIDED BY THE COLLEGE.
MATHEMATICS N4 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CHAPTER 1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
EQUATIONS, MANIPULATION AND WORD PROBLEMS DETERMINANTS COMPLEX NUMBERS TRIGONOMETRY SKETCH GRAPHS LIMITS AND DIFFERENTIATION INTEGRATION EQUATIONS, MANIPULATION AND WORD PROBLEMS
Factorising the sum of and difference between two cubes- Common factors, Grouping, The difference between two squares, The quadratic trinomial, The sum of and difference between two cubes.
CHAPTER 2
DETERMINANTS
The origin of determinants, The development of a second order determinant, The solution of two equations simultaneously using determinants. CHAPTER 3
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Introduction, The natural numbers(N), Integers(whole numbers)(Z), Rational numbers(Q), Irrational numbers, Real numbers(R), Imaginary numbers, Graphical representation of imaginary numbers, Powers of i (or j), Multiplication of real numbers by imaginary numbers, Addition and subtraction of imaginary numbers, Division of imaginary numbers. CHAPTER 4
TRIGONOMETRY
Exact values- General, Exact values in the first quadrant, Exact values in other quadrants, Another figure to help you remember signs, Solving easy trigonometric equations using exact values, Arc functions(inverse trigonometric function). CHAPTER 5
SKETCH GRAPHS
Co-ordinates, The domain and range, Dependent and independent variables, Functions and relations, Function values, The inverse of functions and relations, Continuous and discontinuous functions or relations, Symmetry. CHAPTER 6
LIMITS AND FIFFERENTIATION
Limits, A general concept of a limit, Theorems on limits, Limits of the form 0/0, Limits of the form ∞/∞ CHAPTER 7
INTEGRATION
Introduction, Standard integrals, Summary of all the relevant standard integrals.
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MODULE1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
KINEMATICS ANGULAR MOTION DYNAMICS STATICS HYDRAULICS STRESS AND STRAIN HEAT KINEMATICS
Motion concepts (Foreknowledge), Addition of vectors (Foreknowledge), Resultant of three or more vectors (Foreknowledge), Resultant velocity with external factors, Vectors (Movement) which is not rectangular, Relativity, Kinetics where acceleration takes place, Projectile movement. MODULE2
ANGULAR MOTION
Angular displacement and angular velocity, Angular acceleration, Work done and power resulting from torque. MODULE3
DYNAMICS
Forces in action, Force problems-on a vertical plane, Force problems-Involving frictional forces, Friction on an inclined surface, Work done and power, Energy.
MODULE4
STATICS
Torque (Foreknowledge), Beams in equilibrium-Two fulcrums, Centroids of thin plates, Centroids of a flat but unsymmetrical figure, Centre of gravity of a fixed object, Shearing force diagrams with point loads as well as evenly distributed loads, Bending moment diagrams with point loads as well as evenly distributed loads. MODULE5
HYDRAULICS
Fluids (Liquids and gases) (Foreknowledge), Work done to pump liquids (Foreknowledge), The hydraulic press, Hydraulic pumps and accumulators, The Hydraulic Accumulator. MODULE6
STRESS AND STRAIN
Types of stress, Testing of materials and Young’s Modulus of Elasticity. MODULE7
HEAT
Linear Expansion, Area Expansion, The expansion of gases.
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS N4 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
THEME NETWORK THEOREMS ALTENATING CURRENT THEORY SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES POWER SUPPLIES TRANSISTORS AND AMPLIFIERS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS ELECTRONIC POWER CONTROL TRANSDUCERS ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT
WEIGHTED VALUE 10 10 8 7 15 15 15 10 10
UNIT 1 : NETWORK THEOREMS Introduction, Kirchhoff’s law, Superposition theorem, Voltage sources, Thevenin’s theorem, Maximum power theorem, Exercise 1. UNIT 2: ALTENATING CURRENT THEORY Introduction, Simple RLC calculations, Series Resonance, Parallel Resonance, Q-Factor of resonance circuits, Bandwidth, Complex numbers, Exercise 2. UNIT 3 : SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES. Introduction, The formation of N-type semicondustors, The formation of P-type semiconductors, PN junction diode, Biasing of the PN-junction diode, Zener Diode, Varactor diode, Tunnel Diode, Exercise 3. UNIT 4 : POWER SUPPLIES. Introduction, Transformers, Rectification, Filters, Comparison of different filters, Voltage regulation, Exercise 4.
UNIT 5 : TRANSISTORS AND AMPLIFIERS. Bipolar junction transistor, Field effect transistor, Unijunction transistor, Exercise 5. UNIT6 : OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS. Introduction, Charateristics of operational amplifiers, Operation of an operational amplifier, Applications, Exercise 6. UNIT 7 : ELECTRONIC POWER CONTROL. Introduction, SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, QUADRAC, LASCR, Open and closed loop systems, Exercise 7. UNIT 8 : TRANSDUCERS. Introduction, Selecting a transducer, Requirements for reliable operation, Types of transducers, Resistive transducers, Capacitive transducers, Inductive transducers, Photo-sensitive transducers, Exercise 8. UNIT 9 : ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT. Introduction, CRT, CRO < oscilloscope block diagram, Function generator, Waveforms and uses, Exercise 9.
ELECTROTECHNICS – N4 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CHAPTER – 1
THEME PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY D.C MACHINES ALTERNATING CURRENT THE TRANSFORMER A.C MACHINES GENERATION AND SUPPLY OF A.C POWER MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
WEIGHTED VALUE 30 20 10 10 10 10 10
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
The atom – a movement of electrons in a conductor – electromotive force – resistance – series – parallel – temperature rises in electrical machines – temperature coefficient of resistance – Kirchhoff’s law – magnetism – attraction – repulsion – electromagnetism – magnetic circuit – domain theory of magnetism – hysteresis - eddy current – electromagnetic induction – emf generated by moving conductor – capacitors – types CHAPTER – 2
D.C MACHINES
Construction – generator and motor principles – winding – armature reaction – D.C Generator – operation of the starter CHAPTER – 3
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Generating current – frequency and speed – phasor – effective of RMS value and mean or average value of an alternating quantity – resistance and capacitance in A.C circuits – analogy of inductance CHAPTER – 4
THE TRANSFORMER
Construction – magnetic circuit – winding – cooling – tanks – buchholz protection – principles of operation – transformer on open circuit – transformers on no load
CHAPTER – 5
A.C MACHINES
The induction motor – construction – rotating magnetic field – principles of operation – speed and slip – single phase and split phase motor – starting of single phase induction motors CHAPTER – 6
GENERATION AND SUPPLY OF A.C POWER
Supply system layout – high voltage transmission – typical A.C transmission system CHAPTER – 7
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Range extension – shunt resistors – multiplier – measurement of resistance
MECHANOTECHNICS N4 MODULE
CHAPTER 1
THEME
1
WORKSHOP LAYOUT
2
BELT DRIVES
3
METAL CUTTING MACHINES
4
CORROSION
5
PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF MACHINE PARTS
6
BEARINGS
7
GEAR DRIVES
8
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
9
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS 2
WEIGHTED VALUE
WORKSHOP LAYOUT
Introduction, Symptoms of poor workshop layout, Advantages of good workshop layout, Principles of good layout, Important factors influencing the layout design, Types of production and main characteristics of each, Types of layouts and main characteristics of each, Special requirements for the placing of machines in the workshop, Layout procedures, phases in the design of a layout. CHAPTER 2
BELT DRIVES
Introduction, calculation for belt drives. CHAPTER 3
METAL CUTTING MACHINES
Introduction, Calculations for cutting machines. CHAPTER 4
CORROSION
Introduction, Classification of corrosion, Different forms of corrosion, Corrosion tests, Metal protection processes, Surface preparation for painting, Painting processes. CHAPTER 5
PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF MACHINE PARTS
Introduction, Measurement of tapers with balls and rollers, Measurement of tapers with a sine bar, Precision measurement of screw threads, Gear tooth calculations using the constant chord method.
CHAPTER 6
BEARINGS
Introduction, Journal or plain bearings, Lubricants in general, Anti friction bearings. CHAPTER 7
GEAR DRIVES
Introduction, Simple and compound gear trains, Epicyclic gear drives. CHAPTER 8
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Introduction, Bernoulli’s theorem, Flow of water through orifices. CHAPTER 9
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS 2
Introduction, Chezy’s formula, Darcy’s formula, Venturimeters. ***********************************************************************************************
POWER MACHINES N5 MODULE
CHAPTER 1
THEME
1
THERMODYNAMIC OF GASES
2
HEATING GASES
3
ENTROPY
4
STEAM GENERATION
5
ENTHALPY AND THE FORMATION OF STEAM
6
VOLUME OF STEAM
7
THROTTLING OF STEAM
8
BOILER EFFICIENCY
9
STEAM CONDENSERS
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
CONDENSING WATER REQUIRED AIR PUMPS COMBUSTION OF FUELS BY MASS CALCULATION OF AIR FUEL RATIO COMBUSTION OF FUELS BY VOLUME THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF A FUEL CALORIFIC VALUE BY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS COMPRESSORS GAS TURBINES VELOCITY DIAGRAMS GOVERNERS THE HARTNELL GOVERNER AND CALCULATIONS
WEIGHTED VALUE
THERMODYNAMIC OF GASES
General introduction, Specific heat, Two laws of thermodynamics. CHAPTER2
HEATING OF GASES
Introduction, The polytrophic process and a gas, The isothermal process, The adiabatic process, Summary of compression and expansion laws of gases.
CHAPTER3
ENTROPY
The change of entropy for a gas, The entropy chart for a gas. CHAPTER4
STEAM GENERATION
Main types of boilers, Methods of firing, Properties of steam. CHAPTER5
ENTHALPY AND THE FORMATION OF STEAM
Enthalpy tables, Temperature-enthalpy diagram. CHAPTER6
volume of steam
Introduction, The internal energy of steam, Use of enthalpy-entropy diagram. CHAPTER7
THROTTLING OF STEAM
Introduction, The separating calorimeter, The throttling calorimeter, The combined separating and throttling calorimeter. CHAPTER8
BOILER EFFICIENCY
Introduction, Equivalent evaporation from and at 1000 C. CHAPTER9
STEAM CONDENSERS
Purpose of a condenser, Types of condenser, The surface condenser, The jet condenser, Dalton’s law of partial pressures. CHAPTER10
CONDENSING WATER REQUIRED
Introduction, Measuring the vacuum in a condenser. CHAPTER11
AIR PUMPS
Introduction, Air ejectors, Condenser and vacuum efficiency, Effect of air leakage into condensers, Cooling surface required. CHAPTER12
COMBUSTION OF FUELS BY MASS
Combustion of solid, Liquid and gaseous fuels, Basic chemistry, Combustion equations, Stoichiometric or chemically correct air-fuel ratio, Exhaust and flue gas analysis. CHAPTER13
CALCULATION OF AIR-FUEL RATIO
Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. CHAPTER14
COMBUSTION OF FUELS BY VOLUME
Introduction. CHAPTER15
THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF A FUEL
Practical determination of calorific values, The gas calorimeter. CHAPTER16
CALORIFIC VALUE BY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Introduction, Orsat apparatus.
CHAPTER17
COMPRESSORS
Function of a compressor, Reciprocating compressor, Work done by a single- stage compressor, Reciprocating compressors including clearance. CHAPTER18
GAS TURBINES
Introduction to gas turbines, The simple turbine, Types of turbine, Blade velocity, Blade angles and power developed in the blades of the impulse turbine, Reaction blade velocity. CHAPTER19
VELOCITY DIAGRAMS
The reaction turbine, The combination of inlet and outlet triangles. CHAPTER20
GOVERNORS
The function of a governor, Dead-mass governors, Spring-controlled governors, Definitions and descriptions of certain actions of governors. CHAPTER21
THE HARTNELL GOVERNOR AND CALCULATIONS
Introduction.
FLUID MECHANICS N5 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CHAPTER 1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC FLUID PRESSURE SIMPLE HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON SUBMERGED AREAS(HSF) HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON IMMERSED BODIES HYDRODYNAMICS FLOW MEASUREMENT ORIFICES PIPELINE SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC TURBO MACHINERY IMPULSE TURBINES PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC FLUID
Fluid-Closed and open systems; Properties of hydraulic fluid- Mass density, Compressibility, Viscosity, Kinematic viscosity, Surface tension. CHAPTER 2
PRESSURE
Formula, Pascal’s principle, Measurement of pressure- Mercury barometer, Piezometer, Manometer, Bourdon gauge; Vapour pressure. CHAPTER 3
SIMPLE HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
The actuating cylinder, The pressure intensifier, Pressure accumulators- Weighted accumulator, Spring loaded accumulator, Gas charged accumulator; Hydraulic press.
CHAPTER 4
HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON SUBMERGED AREAS(HSF)
Pressure distribution diagram, Centre of pressure, General case of HSF, Comparison of a plate at the surface and a plate that is submerged, Hydrostatic forces on curved surfaces- Horizontal component, Vertical component, resultant force. CHAPTER 5
HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON IMMERSED BODIES
Introduction. CHAPTER 6
HYDRODYNAMICS
Flow patterns, Types of flow, Reynold’s number, Rota flow meter, Hydrodynamics formulae, Conservation of mass, Conservation of energy- Potential energy, Pressure energy, Kinetic energy; Friction head. CHAPTER 7
FLOW MEASUREMENT
Venturimeter, Pitot tube. CHAPTER 8
ORIFICES
Introduction, Types of orifices. CHAPTER 9
PIPE LINE SYSTEMS
Introduction, Shock losses- Sudden enlargement, Sudden contraction; Frictional resistance to flow, Equivalent length and equivalent ratios. CHAPTER 10
HYDRAULIC TURBO MACHINERY
Hydrodynamic turbo machines, Positive displacement turbo machines, Energy equation for hydraulic turbo machines, Forced exerted by a jet- Force on a stationary plate, Force on a moving flat plate, Force on a plate on angleѲ; Force on fixed curve vane, Force on a moving curved vane, Forces on reducers and bends. CHAPTER 11
IMPULSE TURBINES
The simple turbine, The impulse turbine- Vector diagram, Formulae.
MECHANOTECHNICS N5 MODULE
THEME
1
EPICYCLIC GEAR AND GEAR TRAINS
2
REDUCTION GEAR BOX
3
BELT DRIVES
4
BUCKET ELEVATORS AND BUCKET CONVEYERS
5
ROPE HAULAGES AND AERIAL ROPEWAYS
6
ELEVATORS
7
RAIL AND ROAD TRACTION
8
FLYWHEELS
WEIGHTED VALUE
CHAPTER 1
EPICYCLIC GEAR AND GEAR TRAINS
Epicyclics made up of spur gears, Epicyclics made up of bevel gears, Application of epicyclic gears, The cyclometer mechanism, Humpage’s gear, Differential mechanism, other types of final drive. CHAPTER 2
REDUCTION GEAR BOX
Functions, Types of gears utilised by reduction gear boxes, Construction, Uses, Worm gear reduction unit, Three speed gear box, Formulae. CHAPTER 3
BELT DRIVES
Flat and V belt drives (centrifugal force included), belt conveyers (horizontal and inclined drives) CHAPTER 4
BUCKET ELEVATORS AND BUCKET CONVEYERS
Bucket elevators, Bucket conveyors. CHAPTER 5
ROPE HAULAGES AND AERIAL ROPEWAYS
Rope haulages- Endless rope, Main and tail rope types; Aerial ropeways (vertical components excluded) - Capstan winches. CHAPTER 6
ELEVATORS
Goods and passenger elevators. CHAPTER 7
RAIL AND ROAD TRACTION
Rail traction- Tractive effort of locomotive, Drawbar pull, Symbols; Road traction-Formulae, Motion on level roads, Motion on inclines; Skidding and overturning on curved track. CHAPTER 8
FLYWHEELS
Elementary calculations.
ELECTROTECHNICS – N5 MODULE
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
1
D.C.MACHINES
20
2
AC CIRCUIT THEORY
20
3
TRANSFORMER
20
4
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
20
5
AC MACHINES
10
6
GENERATION AND SUPPLY OF AC POWER
10
CHAPTER – 1
D.C MACHINES
Armature reaction, effects of forward brush shift, Armature reaction in DC motor, Commutation, Methods of improving commutation, Load characteristics of generator, Torque of an Electric motor. CHAPTER – 2
AC CIRCUIT THEORY
Average and RMS value of AC, Sinusoidal Current and Voltages, Resonance in RLC, Generation of three phase EMF, Relationship between Line and Phase Voltages and Currents.
CHAPTER – 3
TRANSFORMER
Useful and leakage fluxes in a transformer, Method of reducing leakages in flux, Equivalent circuit of a transformer, Phaser diagram for a transformer, Simplification of the Equivalent circuit of a transformer, Voltage Regulation of a transformer, Three phase core type transformer. CHAPTER – 4
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Measurement of power in three phase, Two Watt meter method, Measuring balanced three phase power, Watt meter connection with instrument transformer. CHAPTER – 5
AC MACHINES
Stator winding, Expression for the EMF, Synchronizing of Alternator, Parallel operation, Production of rotating magnetic flux, Reversal of direction of rotating magnetic flux, Hunting, Damper winding, Action of three phase induction motor, Relationship between rotor I2R loss and the rotor slip. CHAPTER – 6
GENERATION AND SUPPLY OF AC POWER
Resistance of overhead links – inductance of single phase overhead line – inductance of a three phase, three wire overhead line – capacitance of a single phase overhead line – regulation of a short line – regulation for leading power factor loads
POWER MACHINES N6 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
THEME THERMODYNAMICS STEAM AND ITS FORMATION BASIC GAS LAWS ENTROPY REVERSIBLE PROCESSES ENTROPY(CONTINUED) CARNOT AND RANKINE CYCLES STEAMPLANT STEAMPLANT(CONTINUED) NOZZLES NOZZLES(CONTINUED) STEAM TURBINES STEAM TURBINES(CONTINUED) TURBINES GAS TURBINES GAS TURBINES(CONTINUED) CYCLES CYCLES (CONTINUED) INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AIR COMPRESSORS AIR COMPRESSORS(CONTINUED) REFRIGERATION THE OTTO CYCLE
WEIGHTED VALUE
CHAPTER 1
THERMODYNAMICS
General introduction, Heat , work and the system, The state of the working fluid, Reversibility, Conservation of energy. CHAPTER 2
STEAM AND ITS FORMATION
The formation of steam, Saturation temperature and pressure, Enthalpy tables, Dryness fraction, Enthalpy-entropy diagram. CHAPTER 3
BASIC GAS LAWS
Summary of compression and expansion laws of gases, The steady flow energy equation. CHAPTER 4
ENTROPY
Introduction, Liquid entropy, Entropy of evaporation, Entropy of superheated steam, The temperature-entropy chart. CHAPTER 5
REVERSIBLE PROCESSES
Reversible isothermal process, Reversible adiabatic process. CHAPTER 6
ENTROPY(CONTINUED)
Entropy-polytrophic process, Entropy and irreversibility, Carnot cycle. CHAPTER 7
CARNOT AND RANKINE CYCLES
Carnot cycle for a perfect gas, Rankine cycle, Work done on a rankine cycle from a PV diagram, Efficiency ratio or relative efficiency. CHAPTER 8
STEAMPLANT
Boiler efficiency. CHAPTER 9
STEAMPLANT (CONTINUED)
Heat balance sheet for a steam plant. CHAPTER 10
NOZZLES
Introduction, Types of nozzles, Critical pressure ratio, General flow analysis, Summary of formulae for gas nozzles. CHAPTER 11
NOZZLES (CONTINUED)
Steam flow through nozzles. CHAPTER 12
STEAM TURBINES
Steam turbines- general principles, The impulse turbine. CHAPTER 13
STEAM TURBINES (CONTINUED)
Velocity diagram for impulse turbine blade, Work done on the blades, The effect of friction, Velocity diagram for reaction turbine stage, Blade height.
CHAPTER 14
TURBINES
The effect of altitude on a gas turbine engine, Velocity compounding, Velocity diagram for two rows of blades. CHAPTER 15
GAS TURBINES
The gas turbine, Work output from a gas turbine, thermal efficiency of the gas turbine, Thermal efficiency improvement. CHAPTER16
GAS TURBINES (CONTINUED)
CHAPTER 17
CYCLES
The diesel cycle. CHAPTER 18
CYCLES (CONTINUED)
Dual combustion or mixed pressure air standard cycle. CHAPTER 19
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Mechanical efficiency, Fuel consumption, Thermal efficiency, Relative efficiency or efficiency ratio, Volumetric efficiency, The energy balance. CHAPTER 20
AIR COMPRESSORS
Introduction, Types of compressors, The reciprocating air compressor. CHAPTER 21
AIR COMPRESSORS (CONTINUED)
Actual reciprocating compressor diagram, Two stage reciprocating compressors, Intercooling, Ideal conditions for two stage compressors. CHAPTER 22
REFRIGERATION
The refrigeration process, The reversed Carnot cycle, Reversed air engines, The vapour compression refrigerator. CHAPTER 23
THE OTTO CYCLE
The constant volume or Otto cycle, Ideal Otto cycle, The constant volume cycle in practice, Work done by Otto cycle per cycle.
FLUID MECHANICS N6 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
THEME GENERAL INTRODUCTION FLOW IN PIOPES AND THE HYDRAULIC GRADIENT FLOW OF WATER IN OPEN CHANNELS FLOW OF WATER THROUGH ORIFICES PUMPS VENTILATION WATER TURBINES PELTON WHEELS
WEIGHTED VALUE
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2
FLOW IN PIPES AND THE HYDRAULIC GRADIENT
Types of flow, Losses of head of fluid flowing in pipe lines, pipe lines operating as siphons. CHAPTER 3
FLOW OF WATER IN OPEN CHANNELS
Hydraulic mean depth, Notches and weirs. CHAPTER 4
FLOW OF WATER THROUGH ORIFICES
Small and large orifices, reaction force. CHAPTER 5
PUMPS
Hydraulic rams, Reciprocating pumps, Centrifugal pumps. CHAPTER 6
VENTILATION
Classification of mechanical ventilation systems, fan types, Fan characteristics, Air-screw fans compared to centrifugal fans, Air Conditioning, Laws relating to centrifugal pumps and centrifugal fans.
CHAPTER 7
WATER TURBINES
Reaction turbines, Impulse turbines, Cavitation and pitting of runners, Draft tubes, Comparison between impulse and reaction turbines, Francis turbines. CHAPTER 8
PELTON WHEELS
Principles parts, Construction and fixing of buckets, Materials used, Purpose and methods of control of discharge, Sources of loss of power , Formulae.
MECHANOTECHNICS N6 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CHAPTER 1
THEME SOME BASICS CLUTCHES BRAKES LINE SHAFTS FLYWHEELS REDUCTION GEARBOXES RAIL TRACTION AND VEHICLE DYNAMICS BALANCING KINEMATICS SOME BASICS
WEIGHTED VALUE
Symbols and abbreviations, Summary of principles and definitions, Summary of formulae. Values for some moment of inertia.
CHAPTER 2
CLUTCHES
General introduction , Plate clutches, Cone clutches, Centrifugal clutches. CHAPTER 3
BRAKES
General introduction, Band brakes, Block brakes, Block and band brake. CHAPTER 4
LINE SHAFTS
General introduction, Gear drives CHAPTER 5
FLYWHEELS
General introduction CHAPTER 6
REDUCTION GEARBOXES
General introduction , Functions, Gear trains, Acceleration of gear trains, Torque on gear trains, Worm –gear drives. CHAPTER 7
RAIL TRACTION AND VEHICLE DYNAMICS
Rail traction, Rail resistance terms, Locomotive traction effort, Calculations on rail traction, Skidding and overturning on curved tracks, Summary of formulae, Vehicle dynamics, Load transfer during acceleration, Load transfer when cornering, Vehicles on curved tracks. CHAPTER 8
BALANCING
Balancing of a single rotating mass, Balancing of several masses rotating in the same plane, Summary, Balancing of rotating coplanar masses, Balancing of masses rotating in different planes, Dynamics forces at bearings. CHAPTER 9
KINEMATICS
Motion, Definitions, relative velocity and acceleration, Adding and subtracting of vectors, Relative velocity and acceleration, Velocity diagrams, Velocity diagrams for points on a link, Instantaneous centre of a link, Centripetal acceleration, Tangential acceleration, Acceleration of links.
ELECTROTECHNICS N6 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 CHAPTER 1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
D.C. MACHINES A.C. CIRCUITS TRANSFORMER A.C. MACHINES GENERATION AND SUPPLY OF A.C. POWER PROTECTION OF OVERHEAD LINES D.C.MACHINES
Speed control of D.C Motors, Speed control calculations, Load sharing ( Generators in parallel), Tests on D.C Machines,
CHAPTER 2
A.C.CIRCUITS
Introduction, Three phase star connected systems, Three phase delta connected systems, Complex wave forms. CHAPTER 3
TRANSFORMER
Losses in a transformer, Temperature rise ( Heat runs), Three –phase transformer connections, Harmonics in Transformers, CHAPTER 4
A.C.MACHINES
Synchronous Machines, Induction Motors, CHAPTER 5
GENERATION AND SUPPLY OF A.C. POWER
Introduction, Power factor improvement, Regulation of transmission lines. CHAPTER 6
PROTECTION OF OVERHEAD LINES
General requirements, Simple Electromagnetic relay, Combined over current and earth leakage protection, Distance protection, Impedance / Time Protection, Merz-price protection, Fault –finding in cables,
SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT N4 MODULE PART A PART B PART C PART D PART E PART A CHAPTER1
THEME THE SUPERVISORS ROLE IN MANAGEMENT THE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THE SUPERVISOR AND THE PERSONNEL FUNCTION (ALSO STAFFING) IMPROVING DEPARTMENTAL PRODUCTIVITY LEGAL CONCERNS OF SUPERVISION
WEIGHTED VALUE
THE SUPERVISORS ROLE IN MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO SUPERVISION
Purpose and general nature of supervision: Members of a unique team, The supervisor as a link person, Particular duties and responsibilities of supervisor, the supervisor’s role in management. CHAPTER2
THE SUPERVISOR AS LEADER
Introduction and definitions, The concept of leadership evolution.
PART B CHAPTER3
THE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT PLANNING
Introduction to the planning process, Definition of planning, The importance of planning, General principles for effective planning, Activities of the planning process, Terminology in the planning process, Approach to problemsolving. CHAPTER4
ORGANISING
Organisation and organising, Characteristics of organising, Activities of organising. CHAPTER5
COMMUNICATION
What is communication, Purpose of communication, Requirements in the communication process, Principles of communication, The Pygmalion effect. CHAPTER6
MOTIVATION
Introduction to motivation, Principles of motivation, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Frederick Herzberg’s motivation/hygiene theory, Research findings, Job designs for motivation. CHAPTER7
CONTROLLING
Introduction to controlling, The basic purpose of controlling, The principles of controlling, ways of controlling, The activities of the controlling process, Types of organisational control, Aids in exercising control, How in soften employee resistance to control.
PART C CHAPTER8
THE SUPERVISOR AND THE PERSONNEL FUNCTION (ALSO STAFFING) TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEES
Introduction to training, Training needs, Orientation training, Learning process, Job instruction training, Training methods. CHAPTER9
FINANCIAL COMPENSATION AND SECURITY
Introduction, Definitions, Purposes of wage and salary program, Wage criteria, Types of incentive pay plans, Types of benefits and services, Why adopt benefit and service programs?
PART D CHAPTER10
IMPROVING DEPARTMENTAL PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY
Quality control, Quality and the supervisor, Employees’ contributions to quality.
PART E CHAPTER11
LEGAL CONCERNS OF SUPERVISION GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE
Introduction, What is a grievance? What is a grievance procedure? The purpose of grievance procedure, Definition of the Labour Relations Act (28 of 1956). CHAPTER12
DISCIPLINARY CODE
Introduction, The purpose and conduct of a disciplinary enquiry, The nature of offences and steps in the disciplinary procedure, The disciplinary procedure, The principles of labour democracy. CHAPTER13
LOSS-CONTROL AND INDUSTRIAL HOUSEKEEPING
Introduction, What is NOSA, Terminology, Accident prevention, Unsafe conditions, Unsafe acts, Industrial housekeeping.
ENGINEERING DRAWING N3 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
CHAPTER 1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECTION ISOMETRIC PROJECTION AND PERPECTIVE DRAWING ISO LIMITS AND FITS INSTRUCTION NOTES MACHINING AND SURFACE TEXTURE SYMBOLS SECTIONS SECTIONAL DRAWINGS OF SINGLE COMPONENTS OF MACHINE PARTS NUTS, BOLTS AND STUDS SECTIONAL DRAWINGS OF ASSEMBLIES ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS DETAIL DRAWINGS REVISION
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING
Engineering drawing as a language, The purpose of a drawing, The role of the drawing office, The drawing board, Drawing paper, Drawing instruments, Setting up the drawing sheet, Drawing of lines, printing of letters and figures, Dimensioning, Line work for freehand drawing. CHAPTER 2
GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Construction of an arc of a circle to lines forming a right angle, Construction of an arc of a circle to lines forming an acute angle or an obtuse angle, Construction of an arc of a circle to a line and an arc, or a circle, Construction of an arc of a circle to two arcs or circles, Construction lines, Construction of an ellipse, Scale construction. CHAPTER 3
ORTHROGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Introduction, Designation of view, First-angle orthographic projection, Third-angle orthographic projection. CHAPTER 4
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION AND PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
Introduction, Isometric drawing, Isometric projection, The isometric scale, Isometric projection of simple solid objects, Isometric projection of circles, Angles in isometric projection, An example of a typical isometric projection, One-point and two-point perspective drawing. CHAPTER 5
ISO LIMITS AND FITS
Introduction, Terminology, Types of fit, Fit systems, The ISO system, Selected ISO fits, Selected tables for selected ISO fits, Calculation of limits of sizes.
CHAPTER 6
INSTRUCTION NOTES
Introduction, Acceptable abbreviations, Examples of instruction notes. CHAPTER 7
MACHINING AND SURFACE TEXTURE SYMBOLS
Introduction, Machining symbols, To specify the surface texture, To specify a production method, treatment of coating to produce a surface texture, To specify a sampling length, To indicate the direction of lay, To indicate machining allowance, To avoid repetition of a symbol, Summary of positions of surface texture symbols in relation to the machining symbol, Indication of symbols. CHAPTER 8
SECTIONS
Introduction, Simple sections, Sectional planes, Hatching , Exceptions to hatching, Terminology. CHAPTER 9
SECTIONAL DRAWINGS OF SINGLE COMPONENTS OF MACHINE PARTS
Representation of a drilled hole, Representation of a tapped hole, Worked example: Drawing a simple carrier, Information to be indicated. CHAPTER 10
NUTS, BOLTS AND STUDS
Drawing hexagonal nuts, Layout of views, Hexagon-head bolts, Hexagon-head screws, Studs, Stud assembly. CHAPTER 11
SECTIONAL DRAWINGS OF ASSEMBLIES
Introduction, Hatching. CHAPTER 12
ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
Introduction , drawing the assembly, Item numbers, Parts lists, An assembly drawing. CHAPTER 13
DETAIL DRAWINGS
Introduction, Detail drawings, Partial views of symmetrical components. CHAPTER 14
REVISION
Introduction, Continuous evaluation, Examinations, Mark allocation, A typical distribution of marks for test and examination purposes.
SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT N5 MODULE
THEME
1
THE SUPERVISOR AND THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
2
THE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
3
EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE
4
MODULAR APPROACH TO TRAINING
5
REPORT-WRITING AND MEETINGS
6
MANAGEMENT OF TIME
WEIGHTED VALUE
CHAPTER 1
7
IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND INNOVATION
8
QUALITY
9
PRODUCTION COSTS (N5)
10 11 12
GRIEVANCES (N4 + N5) LOSS-CONTROL MANAGEMENT (N5 + N6) INDUSTRIAL LEGISLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA (N5 + N6) THE SUPERVISOR AND THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
General nature of supervision, Management as a science, The management functions, Management approaches, Management principles. CHAPTER 2
THE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
Different organisational structures: *Functional,* Product of divisional,* Centralized/decentralized, Standards of excellence for organisational structure. CHAPTER 3
EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE
What is human resources planning?, Job designs for motivation, Inside and outside sources of people, The selection process, The interview. CHAPTER 4
MODULAR APPROACH TO TRAINING
What a module is, Advantages and disadvantages, Manpower training ACT. (no.56 of 1984) CHAPTER 5
REPORT-WRITING AND MEETINGS
Types of reports, Requirements of good report, Compiling a report, Types of meetings, The agenda, The minutes, The role and duties of a chairperson, The role and duties of a secretary, The role of the member of a meeting. CHAPTER 6
MANAGEMENT OF TIME
The top ten time-wasters, Guidelines of time-management, A time-budget chart, “Vital few” and “Trivial many” problems, Stress and its sources, How to manage stress. CHAPTER 7
IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND INNOVATION
What is productivity?, Contributions to productivity, Work- measurement and methods –improvement, innovation and creativity, Entrepreneurship. CHAPTER 8
QUALITY
What is quality/, Corrective and preventive costs, Quality and the supervisor, Employees’ contributions, Statistical quality-control, Zero defect and quality circles, Planning and scheduling techniques. CHAPTER 9
PRODUCTION COSTS (N5)
Accounting records, Types of costs, Break-even analysis, Budgeted costs, Cost-improvement strategies, Employees’ reaction. CHAPTER 10
GRIEVANCES (N4 + N5)
The concept: “grievance”, Purpose of a grievance procedure and its requirements, Guidelines for handling grievances, The role players in the handling of grievances.
CHAPTER 11
LOSS-CONTROL MANAGEMENT (N5 + N6)
Terminology, Accident-reporting and investigating, Roadblocks to programme implementation, Principles of the economics of loss-control, Characteristics of a good measuring tool, Fire loss-control.
CHAPTER 12
INDUSTRIAL LEGISLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA (N5 + N6)
Occupational Health and Safety Act( No.85 of 1993), Report of incidents.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES N5 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CHAPTER 1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
STRESS AND STRAIN COMPOUND BARS STRAIN ENERGY DRIVE SHAFTS LOADED BEAMS BENDING OF BEAMS LONG COLUMNS AND STRUTS SIMPLE FRAMEWORKS THIN CYLINDERS AND RIVETED JOINTS TESTING OF MATERIALS CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS AND FOUNDATIONS STRESS AND STRAIN
Stress types, Intensity of strain, Testing of materials and young’s modulus of elasticity. CHAPTER 2
COMPOUND BARS
External forces, Temperature stresses, compound strut, Temperature stresses combined with axial forces applied to compound bars. CHAPTER 3
STRAIN ENERGY
Methods of load application, Gradually applied load, Suddenly applied load, Shock loading. CHAPTER 4
DRIVE SHAFTS
Solid shafts, Hollow shafts, Compound shafts. CHAPTER 5
LOADED BEAMS
Shear force, Bending moments(resistant moments), Cantilevers. CHAPTER 6
BENDING OF BEAMS
Centroids and centres of gravity, Bending of beams and cantilevers. CHAPTER 7
LONG COLUMNS AND STRUTS
Introduction, Slenderness ratio, The radius of gyration. CHAPTER 8
SIMPLE FRAMEWORKS
Introduction, Compound frames, Framework supported on rollers on one end.
CHAPTER 9
THIN CYLINDERS AND RIVETTED JOINTS
Riveted joints, Riveted joints could leak in the following manners. CHAPTER 10
TESTING OF MATERIALS
Types of testing, Hardness tests. CHAPTER 11
CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS AND FOUNDATIONS
Concrete, Foundations.
***************************************************************** SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT N6 MODULE 2
SUPERVISION AND THE SUPERVISOR AS LEADER (N4 AND N6) GROUP DYNAMICS (N6)
3
CONFLICT (N6)
4
PERSONNEL CARE (N6)
5
ASSERTIVFENESS(N6)
6
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL(N6)
7
PROBLEM SOLVING AND DECISION MAKING(N6)
8
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM(N6)
9
RISK CONTROL(N6)
10 11
LOSS CONTROL MANAGEMENT (N5+N6) INDUSTRIAL LEGISLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA(N5+N6)
1
CHAPTER 1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
SUPERVISION AND THE SUPERVISOR AS LEADER(N4 AND N5)
Purpose and general nature of supervision, The supervisor’s position in a management team, The responsibilities of a supervisor, The balancing act, The evolution process of leadership, Situational leadership, The management grid of blake and mouton, The johari window. CHAPTER 2
GROUP DYNAMICS(N6)
What is meant by group dynamics, informal and formal groups, Team building. CHAPTER 3
CONFLICT(N6)
What is conflict, Sources of conflict, techniques for handling conflict, Conflict model. CHAPTER 4
PERSONNEL CARE (N6)
Symptoms of an emotionally disturbed employee, Approach to employee counselling, Drug abuse, Team briefing, Mentoring programme, Quality of working life. CHAPTER 5
ASSERTIVENESS (N6)
Aggressiveness, Assertiveness, Passiveness, Echo technique, Fogging technique, Contradictory assertiveness, Effective listening. CHAPTER 6
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL (N6)
Applications of appraisals, Problems of appraisals, The appraisal interview, Management by objectives. CHAPTER 7
PROBLEM SOLVING AND DECISION MAKING (N6)
What is a problem, Problem solving and decision making, Brainstorming. CHAPTER 8
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (N6)
Main applications, requirements to implement a MIS, Guidelines for effective design, Considerations before buying, Problems of implementation and its influence. CHAPTER 9
RISK CONTROL(N6)
Definition, What risk control includes, Hazard analysis. CHAPTER 10
LOSS CONTROL MANAGEMENT (N5+N6)
Terminology, Accident reporting and investigating, roadblocks to programme implementation, Principles of the economics of loss control, Characteristics of a good measuring tool, fire loss control. CHAPTER 11
INDUSTRIAL LEGISLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA (N5+N6)
Labour Relations Act (No 66 of 1995), Regulations under the Machinery and Occupational Safety Act (No 6 of 1983), Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act (No 130 of 1993).
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS N6 (YET TO UPLOAD) CONTROL SYSTEMS N6 MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MODULE 1
THEME
WEIGHTED VALUE
INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS BUILDINGS BLOCKS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS TYPICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS TRANSFER FUNCTIONS – LAPLACE TRANSFORMS TRANSFER FUNCTIONS – BLOCK DIAGRAMS TIME DOMAIN ANALYSES OF SYSTEM RESPONSE “s”- DOMAIN ANALYSES OF SYSTEM RESPONSE FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSES OF SYSTEM RESPONSE INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS
CONTROL SYSTEMS; TYPES OF CONTROL-OPEN LOOP CONTROL, A practical circuit, Identify the circuit in terms of control terminology, Changing the circuit to an open loop block diagram; CLOSED LOOP CONTROL- A practical circuit, Identify the circuit in
terms of control terminology, Changing the circuit to a closed loop block diagram, Functions and definitions of the closed loop control elements. THE PURPOSE OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR SYSTEM RESPONSE: SYSTEM RESPONSE: Transient response, Steady state response, Forced response, Free response, Total response, FREQUENCY, Angular velocity, Undamped natural frequency, Resonant frequency, CLASSIFICATION OF STABILITY, Absolutely stable, Relative stability, Instability, DAMPING, The damping factor, Critical damping, Damping coefficient, The effects of applying damping to a system. TECHNIQUES FOR OBTAINING SYSTEM RESPONSE: SYSTEM SIGNALS, METHODS TO OBTAIN SYSTEM RESPONSE, SIGNAL GENERATORS, Direct current(DC) waveform functions supplied by signal generators, Alternating current(AC) waveform functions supplied by signal generators, RECORDING INSTRUMENTS, Analogue meters, Digital meters, Cathode ray oscilloscope, Matching of test equipment. CLASSIFICATION OF LINEAR SYSTEM RESPONSE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLETE CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM: SELECT AN APPROPRIATE FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT, SELECT THE CORRECT TYPE OF CONTROLLER, SELECT APPROPRIATE ELEMENTS TO AUTOMATE THE PLANT, Selection of input reference transducers, Selection of feedback transducers to measure the following parameters, Selection of comparators, SET UP A MATHEMATICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION, THE SYSTEM MUST BE TESTED AND ANALYSED, To design the system according to performance specifications, Methods to accomplished the analyzing of transfer response, FINE-TUNING AND COMMISSIONING OF THE SYSTEM, IN CONCLUSION. MODULE 2
BUILDING BLOCKS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION: CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM ELEMENTS, TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS, Electrical system, Hydraulic system, Pneumatic system. ELECTRICAL CONTROL ELEMENTS:ELECTRICAL POWER PACK, FINAL DRIVE ELEMENTS, DC servomotors, AC servomotors, CONTROLLER ELEMENTS, Silicon controlled rectifiers (Thyristor), Operational amplifiers, The principle of operation can be explained by the emitter-coupled amplifier, The characteristics of operational amplifiers, Types of operational amplifiers used, COMPARATOR ELEMENTS, TRANSDUCER ELEMENTS, Resistive transducers, Linear wound potentiometer, Rotary wound potentiometer, INDUCTIVE TRANSDUCERS- Linear variable differential transformer, Synchro servo system, Tachogenerator, CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCERS- Capacitive pressure transducer, Capacitive level transducer, Differential capacitive angular displacement transducer, LIGHT SENSITIVE TRANSDUCERSmoke detector. HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CONTROL ELEMENTS: HYDRAULIC POWER PACKS- Gear type pump, External spur gear, Internal spur gear, Vane type pump, Piston type pump, Radial piston pump, Axial piston pump, FINAL DRIVE ELEMENTS- Linear motion actuator drive, Single acting cylinder, Double acting cylinder, Ram cylinder, Semi rotary actuator drive, Vane actuator, Rack and pinion actuator, Hydraulic motor drives. CONTROLLER ELEMENTS- Jet pipe amplifier, Flapper nozzle amplifier, COMPARATOR ELEMENTS-Double acting bellows, TRANSDUCER ELEMENTS. MODULE 3
TYPICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION, ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS: POSITION CONTROLLERS- Electronic self balancing potentiometer, Synchro servo system, DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLERS- Series motors, Solid state speed control, Half wave speed control, Full wave speed control, Separate field motors, Half wave speed control, Reversible half wave speed control, Universal motors, Reversible half wave speed control, Ward leonard speed control. HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMSReciprocating machine tool, PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS- on-off controller action, pneumatic on-off controller, Purge level detection system, PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER ACTION- Pneumatic proportional controller, TWO TERM CONTROLLER ACTION- Proportional and derivative action, Pneumatic PD controller, Proportional ad integral action, Pneumatic PI controller, THREE TERM (PID) CONTROLLER ACTION, IMPROVING THE SYSTEM RESPONCE.
MODULE 4
TRANSFER FUNCTIONS-LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
INTRODUCTION, CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRANSFER FUNCTION- Differential equations, System linearity, A Linear differential system, CONSTRUCTION OF THE TRANSFER FUNCTION- Calculus and the transfer function, An easier method introducing laplace transforms, LAPLACE TRANFORMS- The laplace transform table, Steps involving transforms to laplace, Transforming a function to Laplace, Variations of Laplace functions, PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS- Transforming the summing of two functions to Laplace, Partial fractions, TRANSFORM FUNCTIONS OF TIME TO LAPLACE- Transforming a constant to Laplace, Transforming a function of time to Laplace, Transforming first order differential functions to Laplace, Transforming second order differential functions to Laplace, Transforming first order integral functions to Laplace, LINEAR FIRST ORDER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS- Electrical systems, Mechanical systems, LINEAR SECOND ORDER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS- Electrical systems, Mechanical systems. MODULE 5
TRANSFER FUNCTIONS – BLOCK DIAGRAMS
INTRODUCTION TO BLOCK DIAGRAMS – The block, the summing junction, The takeoff (tie) point, SIMPLIFYING BLOCK DIAGRAMS – REDUCING BLOCK DIAGRAMS IN SERIES (Cascade), REDUCING BLOCK DIAGRAMS IN PARALLEL, Block diagrams containing feed – forward, Block diagrams containing feedback (Conical form), RE-ARRANGING BLOCK DIAGRAMS – MOVING OF SUMMING JUNCTIONS, Shifting a feed – forward summing junction to the left of G1, Shifting a feed – forward summing junction to the right of G1, Shifting a feedback summing junction to the left of G1, Shifting a feedback summing junction to the right of G1, MOVING OF THE POINTS, Shifting a tie point to the left of G1, Shifting a tie point to the right of G1, BLOCK DIAGRAM REDUCTION – BLOCK DIAGRAM CONTAINING FEEDBACK, BLOCK DIAGRAM CONTAINING UNITY FEEDBACK, BLOCK DIAGRAM CONTAINING MULTI INPUTS, CLOSED LOOP AND OPEN LOOP BLOCK DIAGRAMS, SOLVING TRANSFER FUNCTIONS WITH BLOCK DIAGRAMS, STEPS INVOLVING THE SET UP OF BLOCK DIAGRAMS, LINER FIRST ORDER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS, Electrical systems, more examples. MODULE 6
TIME DOMAIN ANALYSES OF SYSTEM RESPONSE
INTRODUCTION – FIRST AND SECOND ORDER TIME DOMINE ANALYSIS, Principle merits of time domine graphs, Linearity, In conclusion, TECHNIQUES FOR OBTAINING SYSTEM RESPONSE, CHARECTERISTICS OF FIRST ORDER SYSTEM RESPONSE, DECAYING FACTOR, FEEDBACK, SYSTEM GAIN, TIME CONSTANT, FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPEED OF RESPONSE, STEADY STATE ACCURACY, STEADY STATE ERROR, STABILITY, ANALYSINGB THE TOTAL RESPONSE A FIRST ORDER SYSTEM, CHARECTERISTICS OF SECOND ORDER SYSTEM RESPONSE, DECAYING FACTOR, SINE DELAY ANGLE, OVERSHOOT, UNDAMPED FREQUENCY, TIME CONSTANT, ANALYSINGB TOTAL RESPONSE OF A SECOND ORDER SYSTEM, THIRD AND HIGHER ORDER SYSTEMS, IN CONCLUSION. MODULE 7
“s”- DOMAIN ANALYSES OF SYSTEM RESPONSE
INTRODUCTION- Principle merits of s- Domain root locus diagrams, Factors that can influences the stability of the system, two methods can be used to determine the total, CHARECTERSTICS OF THE s- DOMAIN ROOTS, ROOTS OF A SECOND ORDER QUADRATIC TRANSFER, THE GENERAL SECOND ORDER TRANSFER FUNCTION, THE “s”- DOMAIN or COMPLEX FREQUENCY PLANE, ANALISING THE TOTAL RESPONSE OF A CLOSED LOOP TRANSFER FUNCTION, CHARECTERISTICS OF AN OPEN LOOP RESPONSE FOR A TRANSFER FUNCTION, CONSTANT, ZEROS AND POLES, STANDARD OPEN LOOP TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR ROOT LOCUS, PLOTTING THE LOCUS OF THE OPEN LOOP TRANSFER ROOTS, Starting point of the locus, terminating point of the Locus, break away or break in point, direction of the locus, INSTABILITY, ANALISING THE TOTAL RESPONSE OF AN OPEN LOOP TRANSFER FUNCTION. MODULE 8
FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALISES OF SYSTEM RESPONSE
INTRODUCTION- The principle merits of the frequency domain plots, In conclusion, FREQUENCY RESPONSE, OBTAINING DATA FROM TEST INSTRUMENTS, GAIN AND PHASE ANGLE, BODE DIAGRAMS, CHARECTERISTICS FOR SYSTEM RESPONSE WHEN FREQUENCY IS VARIED, Bandwidth, Resonant peak, Corner frequency, gain cross over frequency, Cut – off rate, Phase cross over frequency, margins of stability, TECHNIQUES FOR OBTAINING FREQUENCY
RESPONSE, FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND THE OPEN LOOP TEST METHOD, FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND THE POINT- BY - POINT METHOD, FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND THE ASYMPTOTE METHOD, NICHOLS CHARTS, CALCULATION OF VALUES TO PLOT ON THE NICHOLS CHART, THE NICHOLS CHART CONSTRUCTION, The chart, The locus, Data obtained from the Nichols chart, POTTING OPEN LOOP TRANSFER FUNCTION VALUES ON NICHOL CHART, ANALIZING THE SYSTEM FROM THE NICHOLS CHART.
PLANT ENGINEERING (MINING OR FACTORIES) LEGAL ENGINEERING (MINES OR WORKERS) OR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY After completion of the 24 months of training, the student has to come back to study and write these two subjects, after which the Government Certificate of Competency will be issued by the government. The holder of a Certificate of Competency as Mechanical Engineer who wishes to apply for a Certificate as an Electrical Engineer shall re-apply. She/he must produce proof of appropriate experience which shall consist of at least 2 years experience in the maintenance and operation of electrical machinery or at least 4 years mixed experience in maintanence and operation of both electrical and mechanical machinery, which was gained after acquisition of the mechanical certificate. TO OBTAIN A MECHANICAL AS WELL AS AN ELECTRICAL CERTIFICATE, A MECHANICAL STUDENT MUST PASS THE FOLLOWING EXTRA SUBJECTS:
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS N5
MODULE
CHAPTER 1
THEME
1
ALTERNATING CURRENT THEORY
2
POWER SUPPLY
3
TRANSISTER AND AMPLIFIER
4
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
5
HANDLING OF C-MOS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
6
SINGLE PHASE CONTROL SYSTEM
7
TESTING EQUIPMENT
8
OSCILLATORS
9
TRANSDUCERS
WEIGHTED VALUE
ALTERNATING CURRENT THEORY
Introduction, Time constant of an RC circuit, RC differentiator, RC integrator, Capacitor coupling Circuit, Serial circuits, Resonance in Serial circuit, Parallel circuit and Series parallel circuit, Resonance in Parallel circuit. CHAPTER 2
POWER SUPPLY
Introduction, Half wave and full wave rectification, Voltage regulation, Voltage doubler and tripler, Serial and shunt regulator, Volatage reference source, Series voltage regulator, Over voltage protection, Shunt voltage regulator, Double voltage power supply, Adjustable power supply, Integrated bridge rectifier, Three terminal voltage regulator. CHAPTER 3
TRANSISTOR AND AMPLIFIER
Introduction, Fixed bias, Design of fixed bias, design of voltage divider bias, Hybrid parameter, Transistor as a two port divider, Equivalent circuit and calculation of common emitter amplifier, Common based amplifier, Amplitude distortion, Non linear distortion, Frequency distortion.
CHAPTER 4
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Introduction, Ideal operational amplifier, Basic properties, Differential amplifier circuit, Inverting and non-inverting amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator, Comparator Amplifier, Low pass, High pass, Band pass filter. CHAPTER 5
HANDLING OF C-MOS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Introduction, Input production. CHAPTER 6
SINGLE PHASE CONTROL SYSTEM
Introduction, Phase trigger circuit, Open and closed loop system. CHAPTER 7
TESTING EQUIMENT
Introduction, Stair case voltmeter, Double slope volt meter, Voltage to frequency converter, Frequency counter. CHAPTER 8
OSCILLATORS
Introduction, The basic tuned circuit, The Hartley oscillator, The Collpits-oscillator, The RC phase shift oscillator, The crystal controlled oscillator, The uni-junction transistor oscillator, Multivibrators, The a-stable multi vibrator, The mono-stable multi vibrator, The bi-stable multi vibrator, The Schmitt-trigger, The 555 precision timer, Mono-stable operation of the 555 timer, A stable operation of the 555-timer, the 555 timer as a DC to DC voltage converter. CHAPTER 9
TRANSDUCERS
Introduction, Resistive transducers, The strain gauge, The linear variable potentiometer, The rotating potentiometer, The thermistor, Inductive transducers, The linear variable differential transducer, The tacho-generator, The synchronous motor, Voltage and current transducers, The hall effect transducer, The photo electric transducer, The photo voltaic cell, The photo diode, The photo Transistor, The light activated silicon controlled rectifier, The laser dependant resistor, The infra red detector, The optic fibre.
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS N6 MODULE
CHAPTER 1
THEME
1
TRANSIENTS
2
TRANSDUCERS
3
ULTRASONICS
4
X RAYS AND RADIO ACTIVITY
5
AUTOMATIC INSPECTION, TESTING AND NDT
6
ELECTRONIC SAFETY DEVICES
7
ELECTRONIC POWER CONTROL
8
THYRISTOR DEVICES AND SCR SPEED CONTROL
9
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
WEIGHTED VALUE
TRANSIENTS
Objectives , Transient Theory, A Resistive-capacitive circuit ( RC Circuit), The ringing Circuit ( RLC Circuit), Damping.
CHAPTER 2
TRANSDUCERS
Objectives, Transducer theory , Data acquisition systems, Amplification, Attenuation, Linearization. Offsetting , Signal conditioning, Interfacing, Analog combination circuits. CHAPTER 3
ULTRASONICS
Ultrasonic theory, Practical Applications of Ultrasonic Energy. CHAPTER 4
X RAYS AND RADIO ACTIVITY
Electromagnetic radiation, X-Rays, Radioactivity. CHAPTER 5
AUTOMATIC INSPECTION , TESTING AND NDT.
Automatic Inspection, Testing and grading, Metal Detectors, Non-Destructive Testing ( NDT or NDI). CHAPTER 6
ELECTRONIC SAFETY DEVICES
Industrial safety Devices, Intrinsic safety. CHAPTER 7
ELECTRONIC POWER CONTROL
Open and closed-loop systems, Computer –aided Design /Computer aided-Manufacture, Uninterruptable Power Supplies ( UPS). CHAPTER 8
THYRISTOR DEVICES AND SCR SPEED CONTROL
SCR Trigger Devices and Characteristics, DC Line Commutation, Rectifier Circuits and Devices, Converters, AC MOTOR Speed Control, Electrical Braking. CHAPTER 9
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
Introduction, Hard-and soft Wiring vs Relay and Ladder Logic, Programmable Logic Controllers ( PCL’s), Ladder Diagram Programming
