NEW APPROACHES IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Coronary Artery Disease Prague (Czech Republic), October 11-14, 2009
Editors
Basil S. Lewis
Director, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center Louis Edelstein Professor of Medicine and Medical Research Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
Moshe Y. Flugelman
Director, In-Patient Cardiology Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center Associate Professor Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
Petr Widimsky
Petr Widimsky, MD, DrSc, FESC Professor and Director of the Cardiocenter, University Hospital Vinohrady and Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
David A. Halon
Director, Interventional Cardiology Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center Clinical Associate Professor Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
MEDIMOND
International Proceedings
© Copyright 2009 MEDIMOND S.r.l. • Via Maserati 5, 40128 Bologna, Italy MONDUZZI EDITORE
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[email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. Printed in October 2009 by Editografica • Rastignano • Bologna (Italy)
Foreword The world of coronary artery disease is changing rapidly. We have new possibilities for early diagnosis and prevention, new advanced imaging technology and new pharmacologic, interventional and surgical therapies. We offer immediate intervention for the patient with an acute coronary event and strive to improve quality and quantity of life in the patient with chronic disease. This volume is based on papers presented at ICCAD 2009 – the 8th International Congress on Coronary Artery Disease, held in the magical city of Prague, Czech Republic, on October 11-14, 2009. We thank most sincerely the prestigious faculty and the participants who brought their data and experience to Prague, and who prepared these chapters for publication. Thanks are also due to the pharmaceutical and manufacturing industry for their generous support, to Kenes International Congress Organizers, and to our colleagues, friends and families for their never-ending help, support and advice in planning the meeting. We hope and trust that the discussions and debates in Prague will help us all in planning the directions we should be taking in our research and in patient management in the coming years. Basil S. Lewis Petr Widimsky Moshe Y. Flugelman David A. Halon Prague, Czech Republic, October 2009
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Index Basic research, molecular biology Grk2, a key regulator of cardiovascular function.
Murga C., Jurado-Pueyo M., Fortuño M.A., Jiménez-Borreguero L.J., Díez J., Mayor F., jr. .
Role of autophagy in myocardial adaptation to oxidative stress
Gurusamy N. And Das D. K....................................................................................................
Olmesartan improves left ventricular function in hypertrophied rat heart
Minakawa M., Ji K., Fukui K., Suzuki Y., Fukuda I. ...............................................................
1 9 13
The impact of coronary artery disease on matrix MMP-2 activity in patients with calcific aortic stenosis
Koprowski A., Fijal/kowski M., Gal/a¸ska R., Rogowski J., Pawlaczyk R., Jas´kiewicz K., Rynkiewicz A. ......................................................................................................................
17
Dichotomic Effects Of Diazoxide And Cyclosporin A On Contractile Function And Infarct Size In Langendorff Perfused Rat Hearts
Mirica N., Luculescu M., Ra˘ducan A., Hâncu M., Ordodi V. , Duicu O., Borza C., Fira-Mla˘dinescu O., Muntean D. ..........................................................................................
The impact of ischemia/reperfusion upon ionic transport (na,k) and functional parameters in rat heart
Revnic C.R., Ginghina C., Nica A., Revnic Floarea ................................................................
21
27
Angiogenesis, gene therapy, cell therapy Two years follow-up after bone morrow laser revascularisation (bmlr) for treatment coronary artery disease
Rudzinski P., Konstanty-Kalandyk J., Miszalski-Jamka T., Piatek J., Walter Z., Siwinska J., Banys P., Wegrzyn P., Pasowicz M., Sadowski J. .................................................................
Decreased level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with stable angina is partially restored after coronary revascularization
Talitskiy K., Arefieva T., Samko A., Parfyonova Ye., Karpov Yu. . ...........................................
33
39
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Atherosclerosis, lipids, lipoproteins Aorta Remodeling Responses to Distinct Atherogenic Stimuli: Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia and Turbulent Flow/Low Wall Shear Stress
Prado Cibele M. and Rossi Marcos A. ..................................................................................
Combination of berberine and plant stanols improves cholesterol-lowering efficacy and lowers plasma triacylglycerols in hamsters
Wang Y. and Jia X. ...............................................................................................................
43
53
Correlates of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2r) in patients with clinically diagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
Walus´–Miarka M., Idzior-Walus´ B., Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A., Fedak D., Opalin´ska M., Stompór T., Miarka P., Starzyk J. . ........................................................................................
59
Plasma levels of sCD40L are associated with HDL-cholesterol and apoA-1 in patients with clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
Idzior-Walus´ B., Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A., Walus´-Miarka M., Fedak D., Opalin´ska M., Stompór T., Miarka P. ...........................................................................................................
65
Primary characterization of pre-β mobility fraction containing apo A-I and/or apo A-II subpopulations generated during the phospholipid-mediated conversion of HDL
Wróblewska M., Wolska A., Czyz˙ewska M., Gliwin´ska A., Kortas-Stempak B., Szutowicz A. ........................................................................................................................
Subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults, correlation with obesity
Popescu M. I., Babes¸ E. E., Ardelean A., Babes¸ V. V., Bus¸tea C. .............................................
71 75
Determinant factors of the carotid intima-media thickness in a treated population with moderate-high cardiovascular risk.
Marin E., Fabregate M., Tello S., Fernández A., Fabregate R., Redondo S., Alonso A., Rodriguez A., Sabán-Ruiz J. ................................................................................................
79
Epidemiology, prevention, risk factors Ambulatory blood pressure as a risk predictor in CAD
Sobiczewski W., Wirtwein M., Nedoszytko M., Rynkiewicz A. . ............................................
Does a Drink a Day Keep the Doctor Away?
Ellison R. C. . ........................................................................................................................
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Risk Factors in Northeastern China
Wang Wei, He Shumei, Kong Jian, Sun Jie, Wang Chunyan, Chen Haiyan, Niu Junqi ..........
Risk factors involved in heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome
83 87
95
Agoston-Coldea L., Mocan T................................................................................................. 101
Index
IX
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (timp-1) and high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-crp) concentrations in patients with different types of coronary atherosclerosis
Revnic C.R., Ginghina C., Nica A., Craciunescu I., Iancu M., Muraru D., Serban M., Mereuta A., Pena C., Revnic F. ............................................................................................. 109
Arterial stiffness as a risk factor for coronary artery disease - a supine exercise echocardiographic study
Stanescu C., Branidou K., Dan A., Daha I., Buzea A., Baicus C., Manoliu V., Adam C., Gh. Dan A. ............................................................................................................................ 113
High HbA1C in diabetic patients is tied to poor systolic function after suffered myocardial infarction
Burazor I., Burazor Z., Burazor M., Pesic M., Todorovic L., Lazovic M., Grujic G. ................. 117
Low HDL-C predicts Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic South East Asian Patients without known Cardiovascular Disease
Lee R., Ng K., Hsu L.F., Lim J. .............................................................................................. 121
Screening for Subclinical Atherosclerosis with B-Mode Carotid Ultrasound improves Risk Stratification in Asymptomatic South East Asian Patients without known Cardiovascular Disease
Lee R., Ng K., Hsu L.F., Lim J. .............................................................................................. 125
Depression in cardiac patients assessed by the BDI-II. 1. Descriptive and comparative data.
Bosa F., del Pino A., Gaos M.T. . ............................................................................................ 131
Depression in cardiac patients assessed by the BDI-II. 2. Relevant symptoms for screening.
del Pino A., Bosa F., Gaos M.T. ............................................................................................. 135
Relationship of homocysteine levels and MTHFR C677T polymorphism with classical vascular risk factors in a general population
Dulin E., Sanchez M.J., Guisasola M.C. . .............................................................................. 139
Extracellular 72-kDa Heat Shock Protein and Traditional Vascular Risk Factors in the General Population
Dulin E., Sanchez M.J., Guisasola M.C. . .............................................................................. 145
“Little a” lipoprotein is related to secretory phospholipase A(2). Is this an essential step towards clarifying the Lp(a) lesional mechanisms?
Sabán-Ruiz J., Fernández A., Fabregate M., Fabregate R., Tello S., de la Torre N., Alonso A., Ugalde A., Rodriguez A. ....................................................................................................... 151
Humor/laughter decreases catecholamines, inflammatory cytokines, and myocardial infarction occurrence in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease
Berk Lee S., Tan Linda G. and Tan Stanley A. ....................................................................... 155
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Hypertension Endothelial function in white coat hypertension
Babes¸ E.E., Babes¸ V.V., Popescu M.I., Ardelean A., Bus¸tea C. ............................................... 161
Arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients, complicated with coronary artery disease
Skultetyova D., Filipova S., Skultety J. ................................................................................. 165
Cardiomyocyte and microvascular endothelial cell remodeling and hibernation in hypertension as risk factor for heart failure
Kyyak Y., Barnett O., Kovalyshyn V., Besh D. ........................................................................ 171
Prognosis, progression Evaluation of prognosis and left ventricular function in non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome with residual vascular risk
Bobescu E., Radoi M., Datcu G., Dobreanu D., Burducea A. ................................................. 177
Severe systolic dysfunction is a good predictor of developing acute coronary syndrome in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis.
Pop C., Dan D., Petris A., Chitoiu GT., Mos L., Zdrenghea D. ................................................. 185
Endothelial function, vascular biology New insights in pharmacotherapy of endothelial dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Gongadze N., Kezeli T., Rogava M., Bochorishvili T. ............................................................. 191
Impact of circulating superoxide dismutase levels in adipocytokines and oxidative stress. Unexpected behaviour of nitrotyrosine and oxidized ldl.
Fabregate R., Fabregate M., Alonso A., De la Torre N., Rodríguez G., Fernandez A., Tello S., Guerri A., Sabán-Ruiz J. . ..................................................................................................... 195
Is resistin a novel biomarker for vascular damage in high-moderate cardiovascular risk patients?
Fabregate M., de la Torre N., Tello S., Fabregate R., Fernandez A., Sánchez O., Sabán-Ruiz J. ...................................................................................................................... 201
The enigmatic spla-2: just a proinflammatory biomarker or an active molecule involved in endothelial dysfunction?
Fernández A., Fabregate R., Tello S., Fabregate M., Alonso A., de la Torre N., Ugalde A., Guerri A., Sabán-Ruiz J. . ..................................................................................................... 207
Biomarkers’ behaviour according to micro and macrocirculation status assessed by pulse wave analysis.
Fabregate M., Fabregate R., de la Torre N., Tello S., Fernandez A., Sánchez O., Sabán-Ruiz J........................................................................................................................ 211
Index
XI
Low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin as metabolic determinant factors of superoxide dismutase circulating levels.
Alonso A., Fabregate M., Fabregate R., De la Torre N., Rodríguez G., Tello S., Fernandez A., Sánchez D., Sabán-Ruiz J..................................................................................................... 217
Correlation of the kahn & valdez criteria of “hypertriglyceridemic waist” with superoxide dismutase circulating levels and haematologic factors.
Tello S., Fernandez A., Fabregate M., Fabregate R., Sánchez D., De la Torre N., Alonso A., Guerri A., Sabán-Ruiz J. . ..................................................................................................... 221
Arterial intimal hyperplasia: biological analysis of the disease and possible approaches to the problem.
Subbotin V. . ......................................................................................................................... 225
Angina pectoris, ischemia, hibemation Cardioprotection by anti-diabetic agents: lessons from the rat and mouse models
Ye Yumei, MD; Birnbaum Yochai, MD ................................................................................... 231
Update (2009) on Stable Angina with Special Emphasis on Management of No Option (Refractory) Angina
Thadani U., MD .................................................................................................................... 239
Myocardial hibernation in asymptomatic 75% coronary artery stenosis at rest as demonstrated by strain rate function
Kakihara R., M.D., Naruse C., Hironaka H., Tsuzuku T. ......................................................... 245
Myocardial ischemia at rest in asymptomaic 75% coronary artery stenosis – indication of percutanous coronary intervention –
Kakihara R., M.D., Naruse C., Hironaka H., Tsuzuku T. ......................................................... 251
Acute coronary syndromes, acute myocardial infarction STEMI in the Elderly: New Insights
Jugdutt B. I. ......................................................................................................................... 257
Prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation/flutter occurrence following acute myocardial infarction
Gashi M., Pllana E., Kocinaj D., Berisha B., Krasniqi X. ........................................................ 265
Impact of time past from stemi onset to primary pci on periprocedural and short term results
Archvadze A., Kipiani V., Gogorishvili I., Gunjua T., Kobalava M., Patsia L., Butskhrikidze N., Kipshidze N. . ....................................................................................................................... 269
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The prevalence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy among patients with acute coronary syndrome in single-center experience
Fijal/kowski M., Koprowski A., Jaguszewski M., Ciecwierz D., Targonski R., Zieba B., Taszner M., Lewicki L., Puchalski W., Rynkiewicz A. ........................................................... 273
Renal impairment and the early occurrence of heart failure in ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction
Gheorghe G.S., Nanea I.T., Andrei I.M. ................................................................................. 277
Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-7 evaluation in patients with coronary artery disease
Revnic C.R., Nica A., Craciunescu I., Ioacara S., Iancu M., Serban M., Mereuta A., Revnic F., Ginghina C............................................................................................................ 283
Incidence of Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction in Multi-Ethnic Asian Population after Acute Coronary Intervention: Single Centre Experience
Tan V.H., Tan C.H., Chow J., Tan K.S., Jayaram Victor Lim, Tong K.L., Leong Gerard, Gan H.W., Ong S.H., Goh Y.S., Goh P.P. .................................................................................. 287
Incidence and Clinical Features of Acute Lung Injury/Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated with Primary Angioplasty
García González M.J., Juárez Prera R., Blanco Palacios G., Hernández Baldomero I., Enjuanes Grau C., Bosa Ojeda F., Marrero Rodríguez F. ....................................................... 291
Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation
Yakovlev A.N., Nifontov E.M., Shlyakhto E.V. . ...................................................................... 297
The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus of valsalva
Yaliniz H., Salih O.K., Atalay A., Aslan M., Göcen U., Ucar S. . ............................................... 301
Diagnostic methods Coronary CT Angiography 2009: From 64 to 320; From Retrospective to Prospective Vassilios Raptopoulos, MD
Raptopoulos Vassilios, MD . ................................................................................................. 305
Risk Prediction in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Is There a Role for Coronary CT Angiography?
Halon D.A., Gaspar T., Dobrecky-Mery I., Azencot M., Lewis B.S., Peled N. ......................... 313
Left ventricle rotation and torsion in athletes with Bicuspid Aortic Valve and mild aortic regurgitation.
Stefani L., Pedrizzetti G. , De Luca A., Mercuri R., Innocenti G., Suliman I, Toncelli L., Vono MCR, Cappelli B., Galanti G. ........................................................................................ 319
Index
XIII
Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease by Adenosine Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using 320-row Area Detector CT
Morishige K., Yamawaki T., Tashiro H. . ................................................................................ 325
Optical coherence tomography can detect the macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions
Nakagawa Y., Watanabe S., Liang J., Tajiri K., Seo Y., Satoh Y., Takeyasu N., Aihara H., Sato A., Ishizu T., Sakai S., Murakoshi N., Kawano S., Aonuma K., Shiomi M. ..................... 333
Detection of ‘Injury Current’ of Ischemic Myocardium by Magnetocardiography: A Treadmill-Stress Magneteocardiographic Study.
Sato Yoko ............................................................................................................................. 337
Arrhythmias, EKG, pacing, eletrophysiology Arrhythmias in percutanous coronary interventions
Gorenek B. ........................................................................................................................... 339
Effect analysis of radiofrequency cater ablation on tachycardiomyopathy
Chen Zhang-Qiang, Hong Lang, Wang Hong, Lai Heng-L, Yin Qiu-Lin, Lu Lin-Xiang, Ge Yu-Zhi ............................................................................................................................. 345
Reperfusion Arrhythmias: are they only a marker of epicardial reperfusion or continuing myocardial ischemia after acute myocardial infarction?
Heper G., M.D., Korkmaz M.E., M.D., Kilic A., M.D. ............................................................... 351
Computer applications Fully automatic evaluation of venous cannula
Abdel-Sayed S., Favre J., Jaber K. And Von Segesser L.-K. ................................................ 363
Using a theoretical model of cardiac tissue to assess coronary flow reduction
Starobin J.M., Varadarajan V., Danford C.P., Starobin A.J., Polotski V.N., Johnson T.A., Cascio W.E. .......................................................................................................................... 371
Practice patterns, guidelines Heart Failure Patients are not Receiving Evidence-Based Lifesaving Drug Therapy: Lessons from the Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART)
Calvin Jr. J.E., Powell L.H., Richardson D., Janssen I., Avery E. ........................................... 377
Drug therapy Treatment of chronic heart failure guided by plasma natriuretic peptide levels
Hradec J., Krupicka J., Janota T. . ........................................................................................ 381
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Nebivolol influence the exercise tolerance, endothelial function and skeletal musculature condition in pts. with coronary heart disease complicated by heart failure II-III
Komissarova S., Vaikhanskaya T., Zolotuchina S., Arabey A. . .............................................. 387
New insights in pharmacotherapy of endothelial dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Gongadze N., Kezeli T., Rogava M., Bochorishvili T. ............................................................. 393
A simple urinary test: the key to solving the ongoing debate about the indications of aspirin in cardiovascular prevention?
Sanchez O., Fabregate R., Fabregate M., de la Torre N., Alonso A., Tello S., Fernandez A., Sanchez D., Saban-Ruiz J. . ................................................................................................. 397
Neurohormonal aspects Increased sympathetic activity in coronary artery disease shifts centre frequency of heart rate variability spectra leftward
Milicevic G., Udiljak N., Gavranovic Z., Urek R., Strinic D., Bakula M. .................................. 401
Ventricular function, hearth failure The Use of Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Acute Cardiac Care – Single Centre Experience
Rokyta jr. R., Tesarova J., Pechman V., Cech J., Polivková D., Pesek J., Koza J., Smid M., Bernat I. ............................................................................................................................... 405
Amino-terminal pro-bnp in patients with chronic heart failure: effect of disease severity, etiology, renal function and various clinical-laboratory indexes
Bregvadze-Tabagari N., Zhgenti N., Talakvadze T., Tabagari S. ............................................ 409
Interventional cardiology First experience with catheter-based aortic valve replacement in combination with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Conradi Lenard, Treede Hendrik, Reichenspurner Hermann . .............................................. 415
Lifelong Treatment With Clopidogrel Should Be Given After DES Implantation
Jaffe R. ................................................................................................................................ 419
Treatment of the patient with unprotected left main disease time for a change?
Uretsky Barry F., MD ............................................................................................................ 423
Urgent percutaneous coronary intervention in unprotected left main. Predictors of mortality and analysis of cardiogenic shock
Index
XV
Bonaque J.C., Hurtado J., Pinar E., Teruel F., Lacunza J., Gimeno J.R., García J., Valdesuso R., Valdés M. . ..................................................................................................... 429
Early and long term clinical outcomes from the treatment of proximal LAD stenoses with drug-eluting stents, in real-world clinical practice.
Graidis C., Dimitriadis D., Ntatsios A., Vogiatzis I., Economou F., Semertzidis P., Gourgiotis K., Deimertzidis D., Karakostas G., Voloudakis K., Hamouratidis N. .......................................... 435
Clinical efficacy and safety of native bio-absorbable polymer Rapamycineluting stent (Excel stent) for Chinese patients with coronary artery disease
Yanmin Xu, Guangping Li, Li Yin, Gang Xu, Xintian Zheng, Jingjin Che, Xianghong Ma, Lina Yu ................................................................................................................................. 439
First-In-Man study of Accelerate-at coated stent
Archvadze A., Gogorishvili I., Gunjua T., Kobalava M., Kipiani V., Patsia L., Kantaria M., Erbel R., Kipshidze N. .......................................................................................................... 445
Stent malapposition and neointima of bare-metal, sirolimus-eluting and pacritaxel-eluting stents evaluated with optical coherence tomography and histology in rabbits
Tajiri K., Watanabe S., Nakagawa Y., Liang J., Seo Y., Takeyasu N., Satoh A., Ishizu T., Satoh Y., Sakai S., Murakoshi N. and Aonuma K. ................................................................. 449
Evaluation of clinical outcomes using exercise test in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention
Mintale Iveta, Zabunova Milana, Lurina Dace, Narbute Inga, Zakke Ilja, Erglis Andrejs . ..... 453
Characteristics of patients with stent thrombosis. Differences between bare metal and drug eluting stents
López Cuenca Á., Hurtado Martínez J., Pinar Bermúdez E., Teruel F., Lacunza Ruiz J., Gimeno Blanes J.R., García de Lara J., Valdesuso Aguilar R., Valdés Chavarri M. ............... 459
Surgical aspects The Impact of Coronary Disease on Contemporary Valve Surgery Outcomes
Chung J.C., Singh S.K., Fremes S.E., Sever J.Y., Moussa F., Cohen G.N., Christakis G.T., Goldman B.S. ....................................................................................................................... 465
Surgery for Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Should the Valve be Repaired?
Silberman S., Eldar O., Oren A., Tauber R., Merin O., Fink D., Deeb M., Bitran D. ................. 471
Off pump coronary artery endarterectomy. Our five year experience.
Ntalarizou E., Katsaros A., Kouerinis I., Noutsos N., Ntalipi A., Sfiras N., Triantafilou K. ...... 477
The SHARP Study: Simultaneous Hybrid Revascularization by Carotid Stenting and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Chiariello L., MD, FACC, Del Giudice C., MD, Nardi P., MD, PhD, Reimers B., MD, Schofer J., MD, Giacomin A., MD, Saccà S., MD, Gandini R., MD, Albiero R., MD, Briguori C., MD, Pellegrino A., MD, Bertoldo F., MD, Simonetti G., MD, Versaci F., MD, FACC . 481
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8th International Congress on Coronary Artery Disease – ICCAD 2009
The treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery in elderly patients.
Nicolini F., Fragnito C., Beghi C., Agostinelli A., Borrello B., Molardi A., Gherli T. . ................ 487
Risk-prediction models for CABG of coronary artery left-main disease and EuroScore in Chinese patients in Taiwan
Chen R.J., Wei J., Chang C.Y., Chuang Y.C., Sue S.H., Lee K.C. ............................................. 491
Retrograde blood cardioplegia is associated with reduced incidence of Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) – A prospective, nonrandomised observational comparison
Bonde P. MS FRCS (CTh), Nwaejike N. MRCS, MacGowan S. FRCS, Graham A. FRCS, Campalani G. DMS ............................................................................................................... 497
Warm retrograde vs. cold retrograde cardioplegia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - Reduced Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) requirement with warm retrograde cardioplegia
Bonde P. MS FRCS (CTh), Nwaejike N. MRCS, MacGowan S. FRCS, Graham A. FRCS, Campalani G. DMS ............................................................................................................... 503
Comparative Analysis of Outcomes in Minimally-Invasive Coronary Artery Revascularization Approach and Traditional Revascularization Techniques
De C., MD, MPH, Lafferty J., MD, Sison C., PhD, Baldari D. MD, Molloy W. PA, McGinn J., Jr., MD ................................................................................................................ 509
Author Index .................................................................................................................... 515
